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Löfgren M, Larsson E, Isaksson G, Nyman A. Older adults' experiences of maintaining social participation: Creating opportunities and striving to adapt to changing situations. Scand J Occup Ther 2021; 29:587-597. [PMID: 34499845 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2021.1974550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social participation concerns the possibility of engaging in activities in interaction with others or society at large and contributes to the health and well-being of older adults. In contrast, a lack of social participation is associated with loneliness. It is, therefore, important to understand what strategies older adults use to maintain social participation. AIM To explore and describe older adults' experiences of maintaining social participation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine older adults, aged 69-92 years, participated in interviews that were analysed through qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The overall findings reflect how older adults create opportunities for social participation by developing strategies and striving to adapt to changing situations, emphasizing how maintaining social participation is an active process. Preserving social participation requires motivation and an effort to take initiative to cultivate social relations, maintain community bonds, engage in social events and activities and stay connected with society. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE These results may extend our understanding of strategies that older adults use, as well as the challenges they face when striving to adapt to new circumstances. This study may have implications for the practice of how to support older adults' social participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Löfgren
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Occupational Therapy, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ellinor Larsson
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Occupational Therapy, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Isaksson
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Occupational Therapy, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anneli Nyman
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Occupational Therapy, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Abstract
Background: This paper is in line with the on-going discussion of a theoretical re-orientation towards acknowledging the socio-cultural dimensions of occupation.Aim: To define enacted togetherness as a concept and share our understandings of how this concept can add to the understanding of occupation as socio-culturally situated.Method and material: The concept enacted togetherness emerged from empirical findings of a larger research project with older adults living with late-life depression. Informed by a transactional understanding of occupation and a narrative approach, the concept emerged as a contextually situated process holding qualities and potential as a source of meaning-making.Findings: Enacted togetherness as described herein has a clear association to occupation in terms of doing activities together. We reflect on enacted togetherness as a process of meaning-making, connecting people and places through unfolding stories; as an arena where togetherness and belonging can be created; and as a space for interpretation, providing opportunities to negotiate issues of meaning that can lead to possibilities for change.Conclusion: The concept of enacted togetherness can contribute to the ongoing discussion of a theoretical reorientation towards understanding socio-cultural dimensions of occupation.Significance: Enacted togetherness is a concept that can contribute to occupational therapy and occupational science as it adds to an understanding of the qualities and potentials inherent in engagement in occupations with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Nyman
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Isaksson
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Calner T, Isaksson G, Michaelson P. Physiotherapy treatment experiences of persons with persistent musculoskeletal pain: A qualitative study. Physiother Theory Pract 2019; 37:28-37. [PMID: 31131673 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1622162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore and describe the physiotherapy treatment experiences of persons with persistent musculoskeletal pain. Eleven participants with persistent musculoskeletal pain in the back, neck, or shoulders were included in the study. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews and were analysed with qualitative content analysis. The analysis resulted in the theme "Towards acceptance and management of pain", comprising four sub-themes: 1) Establishing and maintaining a therapeutic alliance; 2) Being active, taking initiative and facing challenges; 3) Appreciating guidance, incentive and having a sounding board; and 4) Acquired knowledge and new body awareness change behaviours. The theme and sub-themes describe how the participants used increased knowledge, awareness, movements and exercises learned from the physiotherapy treatment to develop strategies for managing pain and the process of acceptance. A trusting relationship and continual dialogue with the physiotherapist was considered to be important. The participants were actively involved in the process as exercises, activities and other treatment modalities were individualized. This was rewarding but also challenging and required effort on their part. The physiotherapist's initiatives and actions were an important incentive and means of support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Calner
- Department of Health Sciences, Lulea University of Technology , Lulea, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Isaksson
- Department of Health Sciences, Lulea University of Technology , Lulea, Sweden
| | - Peter Michaelson
- Department of Health Sciences, Lulea University of Technology , Lulea, Sweden
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Riekkola J, Rutberg S, Lilja M, Isaksson G. Strategies of older couples to sustain togetherness. J Aging Stud 2019; 48:60-66. [PMID: 30832931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore how elderly couples, who are in need of social services in the community, act and reason over time regarding their everyday togetherness. Data were generated through repeated interviews and participant observations with three older couples. A narrative method was used for data generation and analysis. The findings present four parallel narratives illustrating how the couples, over time, strove to continue living their lives in togetherness despite the many challenges that had emerged. These narratives show the complexity and variety of strategies that the couples adopted to handle different situations of everyday life and the couples' experiences and feelings connected to these situations. The strategies that the couples used resulted, for example, in performing more activities together in another way, using respite care and reorganizing their social interactions. The spousal caregiver had a leading role to manage day-to-day life and to initiate and perform the strategies. Simultaneously, an important reciprocity existed in their relationship that gave meaning to their efforts of sustaining togetherness. These findings give a deeper understanding of the complexity of their situation and of how meaning is created in their everyday life through enacted togetherness. The findings highlight the need for professionals within social services in the community to embrace a couple's whole situation, involving both partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Riekkola
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Health and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Stina Rutberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Health and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Margareta Lilja
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Health and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Gunilla Isaksson
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Health and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
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Riekkola J, Rutberg S, Lilja M, Isaksson G. Healthcare professionals' perspective on how to promote older couples' participation in everyday life when using respite care. Scand J Caring Sci 2018; 33:427-435. [PMID: 30570154 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim is to describe healthcare professionals' perspectives on how they understand and promote older couples' participation in everyday life when using residential respite care. DESIGN AND METHODS Eighteen healthcare professionals with varying degrees of competence and from one residential respite care facility participated in four focus group interviews. Data were analysed through qualitative latent content analysis. FINDINGS The findings revealed a broad, multifaceted view of participation and ways in which participation in everyday life is promoted by these professionals. Trustworthy relationships between professionals, spousal caregivers and clients were implicated. Promoting participation also necessitated that clients have access to meaningful activities. In addition, participation entailed an environment that supported various needs. CONCLUSION Promoting participation for older couples that are using respite care involves multifaceted perspectives that consider social-relational aspects including both the client and their spouse. Furthermore, attention is needed to the meaning a change of context between home and the respite care facility has on relationships, environments and activities in everyday life. Such an approach could benefit the couples' shared everyday life situation and in a wider perspective, also influence their health and well-being when ageing in place together.
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Womack JL, Lilja M, Dickie V, Isaksson G. Occupational Therapists' Interactions With Older Adult Caregivers: Negotiating Priorities and Expertise. OTJR (Thorofare N J) 2018; 39:48-55. [PMID: 30205761 DOI: 10.1177/1539449218799445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have examined provider-caregiver interactions and their influence on care outcomes, few represent the perspective of the provider or specifically consider occupational therapy practitioners. The aim of this article is to explore the perspectives of occupational therapists regarding interactions with older adult caregivers in geriatric practice settings. The study was conducted using a constructivist grounded theory approach based on data obtained from repeated focus group sessions and subsequent individual reflections. Occupational therapy practitioners interact with older adult caregivers in ways that reflect negotiations about who holds expertise and whose priorities are most relevant in care situations. These interactions are influenced by health care contexts that foreground the needs of the care recipient. A deeper understanding of caregiving as an occupation via a transactional perspective may serve to illuminate complex care situations and optimize therapist-caregiver interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Womack
- 1 Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.,2 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Riekkola Carabante J, Rutberg S, Lilja M, Isaksson G. Spousal caregivers' experiences of participation in everyday life when living in shifting contexts. Scand J Occup Ther 2017; 25:457-465. [PMID: 28602117 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2017.1337810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To promote health and well-being, and to meet the desires of the growing elderly population to age in place, elderly spousal caregivers need adequate support such as respite care services. More knowledge is needed about elderly spousal caregivers' experiences in relation to participation, which is an aspect of health that remains relatively unexplored for this group. AIM To explore and describe how elderly spousal caregivers experience and discuss participation in everyday life when living in shifting contexts due to the use of respite care. METHOD A grounded theory approach was used during data generation and analysis, which involved repeated focus group interviews with 12 spousal caregivers. RESULTS Complexity and ambiguity was understood to imbue participation in everyday life. Being in charge of everyday life was challenging for spousal caregivers, and created a need for personal time. Respite care and home care service gave them time, although when interacting with social contexts other issues arose that influenced their own recovery. CONCLUSIONS A holistic 'situation centered' approach that focuses on the elderly couple's life story and needs might capture a wider perspective and enable adequate support that influences their health, well-being, and participation in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stina Rutberg
- a Department of Health Sciences , Luleå University of Technology , Luleå , Sweden
| | - Margareta Lilja
- a Department of Health Sciences , Luleå University of Technology , Luleå , Sweden
| | - Gunilla Isaksson
- a Department of Health Sciences , Luleå University of Technology , Luleå , Sweden
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Womack JL, Lilja M, Isaksson G. Crossing a Line: A narrative of risk-taking by older women serving as caregivers. J Aging Stud 2017; 41:60-66. [PMID: 28610756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregiving carried out by adults for other adults is increasing around the world as the demographics of many industrialized countries shift toward an older population with escalating care needs toward the end of life. Although much has been written about caregiving, few studies document the experiences of providing care as narrated by the caregivers. AIM To explore the everyday experiences of older adults serving as primary informal caregivers to significant others. METHODS A process of narrative inquiry was used via repeated interviews with three older women caregivers providing care to family members or friends. The data were analyzed using storyboarding techniques and identifying critical turning points, culminating in a poetic transcription of the resulting narrative. RESULTS These caregivers describe a tension that exists across their experiences and communication with authorities on whom they rely for guidance and collaboration. Situations in which this tension pushes the caregivers to act in ways that represent risk to themselves or their care recipients are central to the collective narrative. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE The everyday experiences of older adult caregivers include not only familiar care routines, but also advocacy on behalf of care recipients and negotiations with external authorities, resulting at times in unwelcome risk-taking. Their narrative warrants attention due to the lack of power described by caregivers when acting on behalf of their care recipients and the need for those in authority to recognize their dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Womack
- Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Calner T, Isaksson G, Michaelson P. "I know what I want but I'm not sure how to get it"-Expectations of physiotherapy treatment of persons with persistent pain. Physiother Theory Pract 2017; 33:198-205. [PMID: 28339337 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1283000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Expectations of physiotherapy treatment of patients with persistent pain have been shown to influence treatment outcome and patient satisfaction, yet this is mostly explored and described in retrospective. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the expectations people with persistent pain have prior to physiotherapy treatment. Ten participants with persistent musculoskeletal pain from the back, neck, or shoulders were included in the study. Data were collected by interviews using a semi-structured interview guide and were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The analysis resulted in one main category: "The multifaceted picture of expectations" and four categories: 1) Standing in the doorway: curious and uncertain; 2) Looking for respect, confirmation and knowledge; 3) Expecting treatment, regular training, and follow up; and 4) Having dreams, being realistic, or feeling resigned. The main category and the categories describe a multifaceted picture of the participants' expectations, gradually developed and eventually encompassing several aspects: good dialog and communication, the need to be confirmed as individuals, and getting an explanation for the pain. The results also show that the participants expected tailored training with frequent follow-ups and their expectations of outcome ranged from hope of the best possible results to realistic or resigned regarding pain relief and activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Calner
- a Department of Health Sciences , Lulea University of Technology , Lulea , Sweden
| | - Gunilla Isaksson
- a Department of Health Sciences , Lulea University of Technology , Lulea , Sweden
| | - Peter Michaelson
- a Department of Health Sciences , Lulea University of Technology , Lulea , Sweden
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Lundström U, Wahman K, Seiger Å, Gray DB, Isaksson G, Lilja M. Participation in activities and secondary health complications among persons aging with traumatic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2016; 55:367-372. [PMID: 27845357 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2016.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES To describe participation in activities and explore the relationship with secondary complications among persons aging with a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING A regional SCI outpatient center in Sweden. METHODS Data were collected through a phone survey, which included 10 activities from the instrument PARTS/M-v3 (PARTicipation Survey/Mobility version-3) together with data from the participants' medical records. Cross-tabulation and χ2 were used for data analysis. RESULTS In this study, 121 persons matched the inclusion criteria and the final study sample comprised 73 participants (60% response rate): 55 men and 18 women. Mean age was 63.7±9.4 years, and mean time since injury was 36.3±9.2 years. Regardless of duration of SCI, all 73 participated in dressing, bathing and leisure activities. Women reported better health than men. Particularly for those who lived 36-55 years after injury; increasing pain, fatigue, spasticity and decreased muscle strength were negatively affecting participation in activities, especially exercise and active recreation. Additionally, a need to save strength/energy was also a reason for not participating in the activities. Perceived future support and concerns in relation to personal assistance, assistive devices and rehabilitation was also reported. CONCLUSION Increasing secondary health complications and a need to save strength/energy influenced participation in activities. Laws and/or governmental policies regarding personal assistance and assistive devices did not always support participation in activities. Interventions should aim to create a balance among activities in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lundström
- Division of Health and Rehabilitation, Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - K Wahman
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Å Seiger
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D B Gray
- Disability and Community Participation Research Office (DACPRO), Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - G Isaksson
- Division of Health and Rehabilitation, Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - M Lilja
- Division of Health and Rehabilitation, Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Abstract
In this study, a qualitative perspective of how 13 women (aged 25 to 61 years) with spinal cord injury perceive the importance of social support for their participation in occupation is presented. The data were collected through repeated in-depth interviews and field notes, and the analysis used a grounded theory approach. The women needed both emotional and practical support, which was important in a time perspective and motivated them to participate in occupation. The women needed to receive support soon after the injury, but after a period of time they needed to give and receive support in a reciprocal fashion. Social support is therefore an effective rehabilitation strategy that can motivate people with disabilities to participate in meaningful occupation. The importance of social support for a person's motivation and ability to participate in occupation expands our knowledge of the relationship between individuals, their social environment, and occupation.
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Nyman A, Isaksson G. Togetherness in another way: Internet as a tool for togetherness in everyday occupations among older adults. Scand J Occup Ther 2015; 22:387-93. [DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2015.1020867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lundström U, Lilja M, Gray D, Isaksson G. Experiences of participation in everyday occupations among persons aging with a tetraplegia. Disabil Rehabil 2014; 37:951-7. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2014.948139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore and describe the leisure repertoire of persons with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and how the repertoire is related to interest, performance, and well-being. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A total of 97 persons with traumatic SCI were recruited from the non-profit national organization, RG Active Rehabilitation in Sweden. OUTCOME MEASURE Data were collected through a two-part postal survey. The first comprised of questions investigating socio-demographic variables and injury characteristics; the second part included an interest checklist with 20 areas of leisure activities. RESULTS The participants were mostly interested in, performed, and experienced well-being from social and culture activities and TV/DVD/movies. The areas of leisure activities in which they had most likely experienced changes after the SCI were outdoor activities, exercise, and gardening. Sex, age, and to some extent, time since injury were related to interest, performance, well-being, and changed performance. CONCLUSIONS The results provided an explanation and limited description of a changed leisure repertoire among persons after a traumatic SCI. The study showed that sex, age, and time since injury were more closely related to the choice of leisure activities to include in the leisure repertoire than the level of injury. This knowledge can be of importance when professionals in the field of rehabilitation are planning and implementing interventions concerning leisure activities for persons with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrica Lundström
- Department of Health Sciences – Health and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden,Correspondence to: Ulrica Lundström. Department of Health Sciences, Health and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, s – 971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Margareta Lilja
- Department of Health Sciences – Health and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ingela Petersson
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society, Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gunilla Isaksson
- Department of Health Sciences – Health and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Nyman A, Josephsson S, Isaksson G. Being part of an enacted togetherness: Narratives of elderly people with depression. J Aging Stud 2012; 26:410-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Isaksson G, Hellman A. The influence of social support on the rehabilitation of women with spinal cord injury: experiences recounted by occupational therapists. Scand J Occup Ther 2011; 19:395-403. [PMID: 22017670 DOI: 10.3109/11038128.2011.620982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with a spinal cord injury (SCI) often require support from others to perform their everyday activities. The aim was to describe OTs' experiences of how social support from the network influences or could influence the rehabilitation of women with SCIs. METHODS Four occupational therapists, specialized in rehabilitation of persons with SCIs, narrated 11 separate stories relating to women with an SCI. Five themes were identified: "Assisting the women to identify new ways to perform activities", "Giving support to the women by re-establishing relationships on their behalf", "Enabling the women to find solutions to problems that have an impact on everyday activities", "Enabling the women to learn what it is like to live with an SCI from first-hand accounts", and "Assisting the women to set goals in anticipation of life outside the clinic". RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that professionals within rehabilitation need to be aware of and actively create and strengthen natural social networks during the complex and demanding rehabilitation process. Furthermore, they ought to use their capacity as professionals to ensure that support is provided and to reduce negative interactions within the injured person's network, given that social support, social integration, and negative interactions have the potential to influence health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Isaksson
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
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Isaksson G, Josephsson S, Lexell J, Skär L. Men's experiences of giving and taking social support after their wife's spinal cord injury. Scand J Occup Ther 2009; 15:236-46. [DOI: 10.1080/11038120802194265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe how women with a spinal cord injury (SCI) perceived changes in the social network, and how these changes affected their ability to participate in occupation. METHOD Thirteen women, aged 25 to 61 years, with a SCI were interviewed twice. The interviews focused on their ability to participate in occupation, their relations with individuals within the social network, and changes in the social network following the SCI. The analysis was carried out using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The women described an emotional need for social support after the SCI to participate in occupation. This was a new experience that required time to adapt to. The women also described a need for practical social support from the social network members to manage meaningful occupation. After the SCI, the women had developed new habits through close cooperation with members in the social network. The women felt that they had become more responsible for the development of their relations. Many relations had improved after the SCI, while some had decreased. The women had also developed new relations with other persons with disabilities. CONCLUSIONS The women perceived substantial changes in the social network following the SCI, which in several ways affected their ability to participate in occupation. To adapt to their new life situation, the women gradually developed different strategies. The results point out the need to identify persons in the social network that women with SCI develop relations with, and integrate them in the rehabilitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Isaksson
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Boden, Sweden. gunilla.isaksson@.ltu.se
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Isaksson G, Josephsson S, Lexell J, Skär L. To regain participation in occupations through human encounters – narratives from women with spinal cord injury. Disabil Rehabil 2009; 29:1679-88. [PMID: 17852232 DOI: 10.1080/09638280601056061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To gain an understanding of how women with spinal cord injury (SCI) experienced human encounters in occupations and how these influenced their participation. METHOD The data were collected through two or three in-depth interviews with 13 women (age 25-61 years) with SCI. Data analysis was carried out by using a paradigmatic analysis of narrative data, followed by an interpretation based on a narrative theory. RESULTS The results showed a complexity where the women's experiences and acting in human encounters changed over time. In these human encounters the women struggled with conflicts, supported other persons that were insecure and revaluated their apprehension about persons in their social network. These multidimensional human encounters thereby enabled them to regain participation in occupations. CONCLUSIONS This shows that human encounters are important for persons with disabilities so they can restructure their occupational identity and their needs for participation in occupations. The study also showed that the use of narratives as a tool within rehabilitation could lead to an increased understanding of the subjective changes that occur over time for a person with a disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Isaksson
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Isaksson
- Surgical Clinic, Trelleborg Hospital, Sweden
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Isaksson G. [Abdominal pregnancy in a woman in Kenya]. Lakartidningen 1997; 94:3061-2. [PMID: 9312630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Isaksson
- Kirurgiska kliniken, Trelleborgs lasarett
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Isaksson G, Magnusson H, Berg A. [A case report. Malrotation with a high ileus in an adult]. Lakartidningen 1994; 91:2847-8. [PMID: 7983920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Isaksson
- Kirurgiska kliniken, Trelleborgs lasarett
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Isaksson G. [2 unusual cases of uterine rupture. A common labor complication in developing countries]. Lakartidningen 1993; 90:1951-2. [PMID: 8502034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Isaksson
- Kirurgiska kliniken, Trelleborgs lasarett, tidigare läkare vid Mnene sjukhus, Zimbabwe
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Cronstedt J, Isaksson G, Ripa J. [Obstruction in the ampulla of Vater. Endoscopic choledochoduodenostomy--considerate alternative to conventional surgery]. Lakartidningen 1985; 82:1361-3. [PMID: 3990466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Holmberg JT, Isaksson G, Ihse I. Long term results of pancreaticojejunostomy in chronic pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1985; 160:339-46. [PMID: 2580360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-one consecutive pancreaticojejunostomies for pain in chronic pancreatitis performed during the years 1964 to 1983 have been reviewed. Mean observation time was 8.2 years. Information on alcohol consumption, pain intensity and clinical signs of pancreatic dysfunction was recorded at regular intervals. Operative mortality was nil. Analysis showed no difference between alcohol abusers and other patients with regard to calcification, ductal dilation or exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. Good to excellent pain relief was achieved in 65 per cent of abusers and 88 per cent of nonabusers and was stable for at least five years. Patients who are heavy and unremitting abusers did not get much pain relief as a result of the operation. Patency of the anastomosis does not seem to be crucial for pain relief after pancreaticojejunostomy.
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Ihse I, Isaksson G. Pancreatic carcinoma: diagnosis and treatment. Clin Gastroenterol 1984; 13:961-984. [PMID: 6207967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Isaksson G, Lundquist I, Akesson B, Ihse I. Effects of pectin and wheat bran on intraluminal pancreatic enzyme activities and on fat absorption as examined with the triolein breath test in patients with pancreatic insufficiency. Scand J Gastroenterol 1984; 19:467-72. [PMID: 6205439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
In totally pancreatectomized patients breath 14CO2 excretion after ingestion of 14C-labeled triolein was significantly increased by a granulated pancreatic enzyme preparation and was reduced when pectin was added to the enzyme supplement. In the same patients pectin reduced trypsin, lipase, and amylase activities of jejunal aspirates after a test meal supplemented with pancreatic enzyme substitution, which was shown to give good enzyme activities in the intestine. In patients with chronic pancreatitis, breath 14CO2 excretion was reduced by wheat bran, which also caused a reduction in lipase and amylase activities of duodenal aspirates after a test meal. The findings demonstrate the efficiency of treatment with a granulated pancreatic enzyme preparation in restoring intraluminal enzyme activities and fat absorption in patients with pancreatic insufficiency. They also show that pectin and wheat bran may induce fat malabsorption and inhibit digestive enzyme activities in vivo.
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Isaksson G, Ahrén B, Ihse I, Lundquist I. Effects of pectin on glycaemia and insulinaemia after starch loading in normal, alloxan diabetic, and pancreatic duct-occluded rats. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1983; 103:376-84. [PMID: 6192657 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.1030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In normal rats, and in rats with reduced intraluminal amylolytic activity, acute administration of low methoxyl pectin with soluble starch via an oro-gastric tube was found to delay starch digestion. In normal rats pectin slightly lowered plasma glucose levels after a starch load. In pancreatic duct-occluded rats, in which intestinal pancreatic digestive enzyme activities are markedly reduced, an increased insulin secretion and a reduced glucose response were seen after starch loading even without the addition of pectin, when compared to normal control rats. In these duct-occluded rats pectin was found to further reduce starch digestion, and markedly suppress plasma glucose levels after a starch load without changing plasma insulin levels. In moderately alloxan diabetic rats, in which intestinal amylase activity also was substantially reduced, pectin reduced the glucose response to starch to a similar extent (about 30%) as in duct-occluded rats without changing the impaired insulin response. The results suggest that pancreatic insufficiency accompanied by reduced intraluminal activities of pancreatic digestive enzyme activities may be associated with a decreased glucose and an increased insulin response to starch loading and that the ability of dietary fibre to reduce postprandial glycaemia may, inter alia, involve an inhibiting action by fibre on starch digestion, especially manifested in conditions of amylolytic insufficiency.
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Isaksson G, Asp NG, Ihse I. Effects of dietary fiber on pancreatic enzyme activities of ileostomy evacuates and on excretion of fat and nitrogen in the rat. Scand J Gastroenterol 1983; 18:417-23. [PMID: 6200923 DOI: 10.3109/00365528309181617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ileostomized rats were fed diets with different fiber content. The addition of 5% pectin to the diet caused an increase in the wet weight, fat content, amylase activity per gram, and lipase output of the ileostomy evacuates. Twenty percent wheat bran in the diet increased weight, fat and nitrogen content, and trypsin output of the evacuates. In normal rats pectin added to a meal containing 3H-labeled triolein increased the isotope activity of the feces, indicating an impaired fat absorption. In rats operated on with occlusion of the pancreatic ducts with a tissue glue, the fat absorption was, however, not significantly affected by pectin. The results of the study show that fiber can cause a change in the intestinal enzymatic milieu of ileostomized rats and can cause steatorrhea, which can be explained, at least partly, by malabsorption.
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Abstract
A parallel investigation into endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function, after duct-ligation in the rat, was performed to study the effect of reduced intestinal trypsin levels on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance. Animals with only a slight exocrine insufficiency displayed a normal insulin secretion and a normal glucose tolerance 4 weeks after operation. At 4-5 month s these animals showed a slight increase in glucose-induced insulin release when compared with control rats. However, animals operated on with a more complete ligation of the pancreatic ducts, who showed a marked exocrine insufficiency accompanied by decreased levels of intestinal trypsin, displayed a markedly increased insulin secretory response to intravenous glucose and an increased glucose tolerance. The results lend further support to our previous suggestion that, in the rat, the levels of intestinal trypsin may influence insulin secretory processes via complex feed-back mechanisms which may involve cholecystokinin and/or other intestinal hormones.
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Abstract
In a double-blind study on 19 patients with the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, the effects of treatment with a granulated pancreatic enzyme preparation (Pankreon) were compared with those of placebo administration. One week of treatment with each preparation was preceded by one week without any medication. The patients kept daily records of their symptoms, plotting the severity of pain on an analog scale. Weekly assessments of the mean pain level were also made by an examiner questioning the patients. Recordings of body weights and pancreas and liver laboratory tests were done weekly. Fifteen of 19 patients noted less pain during the week of treatment with pancreatic enzymes as compared to that of placebo treatment (P less than 0.05). The average reduction of pain, as calculated for all patients, was 30% as evaluated by both patients (P less than 0.01) and the examiner (P less than 0.05). No differences were found in other parameters examined. A possible explanation of the findings could be an effect on the intraductal pressure by intraluminal trypsin.
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Abstract
Dietary fiber inhibits pancreatic enzyme activity--i.e., trypsin, lipase and amylase--in buffer solutions and in human duodenal juice in vitro. It is well established that oral administration of trypsin inhibitor stimulates the secretion and growth of the rat pancreas. In the present study, trypsin inhibitor (Trasylol) as well as dietary fiber such as pectin of low (37%) methoxylic esterification and wheat bran were found to stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion in acute experiments in conscious rats with bile-pancreatic fistulae. Feeding for 10 days with wheat bran resulted in increased pancreatic weight and in increased protein and trypsinogen content. Administration of pectin of high (73%) methylic esterification caused increased pancreatic protein content and that of low methylic esterification increased pancreatic trypsinogen activity/milligram tissue. The results suggest that pectin and wheat bran may interfere with the feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion exerted by intraluminal trypsin, and, like trypsin inhibitor, have a secretagogue and trophic effect on the pancreas.
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Isaksson G, Lundquist I, Ihse I. Effects on the exocrine and endocrine pancreas of duct occlusion with two different tissue glues in the rat. Eur Surg Res 1983; 15:136-44. [PMID: 6345169 DOI: 10.1159/000128345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function was studied in the rat after occlusion of the pancreatic ducts with acrylate or prolamine, respectively. After 5 months the effect of these procedures was a clear-cut exocrine insufficiency as evidenced by reduced enzyme activities in pancreatic tissue and in intestinal content, while the endocrine function was not impaired. The insulin secretory response to an intravenous glucose load was rather increased in duct-occluded rats, and the glucose tolerance was improved. The liver glycogen levels in duct occluded rats were decreased. As judged from the present investigation there was no striking difference between the effects of acrylate and prolamine on either exocrine or endocrine pancreas. The results suggest that long-term duct occlusion in the rat by acrylate or prolamine is harmless to the endocrine pancreas. The improvement of the glucose-induced insulin response and the glucose tolerance is probably due to an enteropancreatic feedback mechanism elicited by low levels of intestinal trypsin.
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Isaksson G, Lundquist I, Ihse I. Effect of dietary fiber on pancreatic enzyme activity in vitro. Gastroenterology 1982; 82:918-24. [PMID: 6174390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The importance of various factors for dietary fiber effects on pancreatic enzyme activities was studied in vitro. Pectin of high methylic esterification and guar gum, which reduced enzyme activities, particularly lipase activity, increased the viscosity of duodenal juice. Increasing duodenal juice viscosity by polyethlene glycol also caused a reduction particularly of lipase activity. Pectin of low methylic esterification, which reduced especially amylase and lipase activities, significantly lowered duodenal juice pH. Lowering duodenal juice pH by hydrochloric acid caused a reduction especially of amylase and lipase activities. Pretreating fiber at acid pH tended to increase its enzyme-inhibiting properties. Trypsin adsorption to wheat bran was partly reversible by buffer washings. Changing ionic strength and incubation time appeared relatively unimportant for the effects of the fiber on enzymes. It is assumed that the inhibitory effects of the fiber on enzymes are attributed inter alia to effects on viscosity, pH, and adsorption, and further that gastric acidification of fiber and conditions lowering intestinal pH may enhance these effects.
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Abstract
Trypsin, amylase, lipase and phospholipase activities were assayed in buffer solutions and in human duodenal juice after incubation with different types of dietary fiber. In buffer solutions, trypsin activity was slightly reduced and amylase activity heavily reduced by pectin of low methylic esterification (LM pectin). Lipase activity was markedly reduced by LM pectin and also moderately reduced by pectin of high methylic esterification (HM pectin). Phospholipase was hardly influenced at all by fiber. Activities of pancreatic enzymes in human duodenal juice were examined after in vitro incubation with pectins, guar gum, wheat bran and ispaghula. Ispaghula did not affect the enzymes except for lipase activity, which was moderately inhibited. The other fiber preparations examined reduced amylase activity by 35-100% at fiber concentrations of up to 1.5 g%, lipase by 40-95% and trypsin by 40-85%. LM pectin had the strongest inhibitory effect among the different fiber preparations studied. Phospholipase activity was only influenced by the pectins, which caused a 75% reduction. It is concluded that dietary fiber of different kinds has the capacity to inhibit pancreatic enzyme activities. This inhibitory effect is dependent on the type of fiber and differently affects the different enzymes. Further, the inhibition seems to be more pronounced when exerted in human duodenal juice than in conventional buffer systems.
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Buchardt O, Domanus J, Harrit N, Holm A, Isaksson G, Sandström J. Photochemical rearrangement of 3-methyl-2-methylthio-5-phenyl-(1,3-thiazol-4-ylio)oxide to 3-methyl-4-methylthio-5-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-one. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1039/c39740000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Isaksson G. Treatment of obstetric bleeding with antifibrinolytics. Cent Afr J Med 1973; 19:98. [PMID: 4541738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Isaksson G, Sandström J, Strand U, Jalonen H, Lüning B, Swahn CG. Studies of Polarized Ethylenes. Part VI. Internal Rotations, Dipole Moments, and Ultraviolet Spectra of Nitroethylenes. Experimental Results and PPP Calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.27-1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Isaksson G, Sandström J, Munch-Petersen J, Ohlson R, Shimizu A. Barriers to Internal Rotation, Ultraviolet Spectra, and Conformations of N,N-Dimethyl-N'-arylthioureas and N,N,N'-Trimethylthioureas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.24-2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Enebo L, Jänne J, Isaksson G, Sandström J, Theorell H, Blinc R, Paušak S, Ehrenberg L, Dumanović J. A Methane-Consuming Green Alga. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Siimes M, Jänne J, Isaksson G, Sandström J, Theorell H, Blinc R, Paušak S, Ehrenberg L, Dumanović J. Polyamines and their Biosynthesis in Ehrlich Ascites Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-0815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Isaksson G, Sandström J, Åkeson Å, Norin T, Eriksson G, Blinc R, Paušak S, Ehrenberg L, Dumanović J. The Barriers to Internal Rotation in N,N-Dimethylcyclopropanecarboxamide and -carbothioamide, and the Ultraviolet Spectrum of the Carbothioamide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abrahamsson S, Westerdahl A, Isaksson G, Sandström J, Theorell H, Blinc R, Paušak S, Ehrenberg L, Dumanović J. "Mesoinic" Rhodanine Derivatives. Preparation and Crystal Structure Determination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bergesen K, Norén JO, Isaksson G, Sandström J, Theorell H, Blinc R, Paušak S, Ehrenberg L, Dumanović J. Isolation of cis and trans Isomers of Some Oxaphosphorinans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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