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Koenig MR, Vazquez J, Leyva Jaimes FB, Mitzey AM, Stanic AK, Golos TG. Decidual leukocytes respond to African lineage Zika virus infection with mild anti-inflammatory changes during acute infection in rhesus macaques. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363169. [PMID: 38515747 PMCID: PMC10954895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) can be vertically transmitted during pregnancy resulting in a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The decidua is commonly found to be infected by ZIKV, yet the acute immune response to infection remains understudied in vivo. We hypothesized that in vivo African-lineage ZIKV infection induces a pro-inflammatory response in the decidua. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the decidua in pregnant rhesus macaques within the first two weeks following infection with an African-lineage ZIKV and compared our findings to gestationally aged-matched controls. Decidual leukocytes were phenotypically evaluated using spectral flow cytometry, and cytokines and chemokines were measured in tissue homogenates from the decidua, placenta, and fetal membranes. The results of this study did not support our hypothesis. Although ZIKV RNA was detected in the decidual tissue samples from all ZIKV infected dams, phenotypic changes in decidual leukocytes and differences in cytokine profiles suggest that the decidua undergoes mild anti-inflammatory changes in response to that infection. Our findings emphasize the immunological state of the gravid uterus as a relatively immune privileged site that prioritizes tolerance of the fetus over mounting a pro-inflammatory response to clear infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R. Koenig
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jessica Vazquez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fernanda B. Leyva Jaimes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ann M. Mitzey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aleksandar K. Stanic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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2
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Vazquez J, Mohamed MA, Banerjee S, Keding LT, Koenig MR, Leyva Jaimes F, Fisher RC, Bove EM, Golos TG, Stanic AK. Deciphering decidual leukocyte traffic with serial intravascular staining. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1332943. [PMID: 38268922 PMCID: PMC10806228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The decidual immunome is dynamic, dramatically changing its composition across gestation. Early pregnancy is dominated by decidual NK cells, with a shift towards T cells later in pregnancy. However, the degree, timing, and subset-specific nature of leukocyte traffic between the decidua and systemic circulation during gestation remains poorly understood. Herein, we employed intravascular staining in pregnant C57BL/6J mice and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) to examine leukocyte traffic into the decidual basalis during pregnancy. Timed-mated or virgin mice were tail-vein injected with labelled αCD45 antibodies 24 hours and 5 minutes before sacrifice. Pregnant cynomolgus macaques (GD155) were infused with labelled αCD45 at 2 hours or 5 mins before necropsy. Decidual cells were isolated and resulting suspensions analyzed by flow cytometry. We found that the proportion of intravascular (IVAs)-negative leukocytes (cells labeled by the 24h infusion of αCD45 or unlabeled) decreased across murine gestation while recent immigrants (24h label only) increased in mid- to late-gestation. In the cynomolgus model our data confirmed differential labeling of decidual leukocytes by the infused antibody, with the 5 min infused animal having a higher proportion of IVAs+ cells compared to the 2hr infused animal. Decidual tissue sections from both macaques showed the presence of intravascularly labeled cells, either in proximity to blood vessels (5min infused animal) or deeper into decidual stroma (2hr infused animal). These results demonstrate the value of serial intravascular staining as a sensitive tool for defining decidual leukocyte traffic during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vazquez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mona A Mohamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Soma Banerjee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Logan T Keding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michelle R Koenig
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fernanda Leyva Jaimes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rachel C Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Emily M Bove
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aleksandar K Stanic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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3
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Lothert PK, Fedyshyn B, Girard S, Chakraborty R, Norgan AP, Enninga EAL. Spatial proteomics reveals phenotypic and functional differences in T cell and macrophage subsets during villitis of unknown etiology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:914. [PMID: 38195710 PMCID: PMC10776790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) is a prevalent inflammatory pathology of the placenta characterized by infiltration of maternal T cells and accumulation of fetal macrophages into chorionic villi. VUE is associated with a variety of adverse clinical outcomes, including fetal growth restriction and fetal demise. Evaluation of the phenotypic and functional differences between two immune cell types associated with this pathology, namely T cells and macrophages, was completed to gain a deeper understanding of the immuno-pathogenesis of VUE. GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling was performed on placental tissue from 4 high grade VUE cases and 4 controls with no underlying pathology. Placental tissues were fluorescently labeled with CD3 and CD68 antibodies and oligo-conjugated antibodies against 48 protein targets. Overall, T cells in VUE exhibited upregulated markers of activation, memory, and antigen experience compared to controls and were altered based on placental location (villi vs. decidua). Additionally, villous macrophages in VUE upregulated costimulatory and major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules compared to controls and macrophage subtypes in the decidua. Data herein provides new mechanistic insights into T cell and macrophage biology in VUE which contribute to this abnormal immune response to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra K Lothert
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bohdana Fedyshyn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sylvie Girard
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rana Chakraborty
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew P Norgan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ann L Enninga
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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4
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Collier ARY, Modest AM, Aguayo RA, Bondzie EA, Patel S, Hacker MR, Barouch DH. Altered Cytokine Production in Human Intervillous Blood T Cells in Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:2655-2664. [PMID: 36749459 PMCID: PMC10404629 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional and regulatory T cells (Treg) are dynamic mediators of maternal immune tolerance to the developing feto-placental unit. Functional evaluation of T cells at the maternal-fetal interface is crucial to elucidate the immunologic basis of obstetric complications. Our objective was to define the T cell phenotype and function of uterine intervillous blood (IVB) in pregnancy with and without preeclampsia. We hypothesize that preeclampsia is associated with impaired immune tolerance and a pro-inflammatory uterine T cell microenvironment. In this cross-sectional study, maternal peripheral blood (PB) and uterine IVB (obtained from the surgical sponge used to clean the placental bed during cesarean delivery) were collected from participants with and without preeclampsia. Proportion, activation, and cytokine production of T cell subsets were quantified by flow cytometry. T cell parameters were compared by tissue source and by preeclampsia status. Sixty participants, 26 with preeclampsia, were included. Induced Treg made up a greater proportion of IVB T cells compared to PB and had greater cytokine-producing capacity. Preeclampsia was associated with increased ratio of pro-inflammatory IL-17α to suppressive IL-10 cytokine production by CD4 T cell subsets in IVB, but not in PB. Human uterine IVB is composed of activated, cytokine-producing T cell subsets distinct from maternal PB. Preeclampsia is associated with a pro-inflammatory IVB profile, with increased IL-17α /IL-10 ratio in all CD4 T cell subsets. IVB sampling is a useful tool for investigating human T cell biology at the maternal-fetal interface that may inform immunotherapeutic strategies for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ris Y Collier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kirstein 3rd floor, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Anna M Modest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kirstein 3rd floor, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo A Aguayo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kirstein 3rd floor, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Esther A Bondzie
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shivani Patel
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kirstein 3rd floor, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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5
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Sureshchandra S, Doratt BM, True H, Mendoza N, Rincon M, Marshall NE, Messaoudi I. Multimodal profiling of term human decidua demonstrates immune adaptations with pregravid obesity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112769. [PMID: 37432849 PMCID: PMC10528932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte diversity of the first-trimester maternal-fetal interface has been extensively described; however, the immunological landscape of the term decidua remains poorly understood. We therefore profiled human leukocytes from term decidua collected via scheduled cesarean delivery. Relative to the first trimester, our analyses show a shift from NK cells and macrophages to T cells and enhanced immune activation. Although circulating and decidual T cells are phenotypically distinct, they demonstrate significant clonotype sharing. We also report significant diversity within decidual macrophages, the frequency of which positively correlates with pregravid maternal body mass index. Interestingly, the ability of decidual macrophages to respond to bacterial ligands is reduced with pregravid obesity, suggestive of skewing toward immunoregulation as a possible mechanism to safeguard the fetus against excessive maternal inflammation. These findings are a resource for future studies investigating pathological conditions that compromise fetal health and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Brianna M Doratt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Heather True
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Norma Mendoza
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Monica Rincon
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Nicole E Marshall
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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6
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Chasman DA, Welch Schwartz R, Vazquez J, Chavarria M, Jenkins ET, Lopez GE, Tyler CT, Stanic AK, Ong IM. Proteogenomic and V(D)J Analysis of Human Decidual T Cells Highlights Unique Transcriptional Programming and Clonal Distribution. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:154-162. [PMID: 37195197 PMCID: PMC10330249 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunological tolerance toward the semiallogeneic fetus is one of many maternal adaptations required for a successful pregnancy. T cells are major players of the adaptive immune system and balance tolerance and protection at the maternal-fetal interface; however, their repertoire and subset programming are still poorly understood. Using emerging single-cell RNA sequencing technologies, we simultaneously obtained transcript, limited protein, and receptor repertoire at the single-cell level, from decidual and matched maternal peripheral human T cells. The decidua maintains a tissue-specific distribution of T cell subsets compared with the periphery. We find that decidual T cells maintain a unique transcriptome programming, characterized by restraint of inflammatory pathways by overexpression of negative regulators (DUSP, TNFAIP3, ZFP36) and expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, TIGIT, and LAG3 in some CD8 clusters. Finally, analyzing TCR clonotypes demonstrated decreased diversity in specific decidual T cell populations. Overall, our data demonstrate the power of multiomics analysis in revealing regulation of fetal-maternal immune coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A. Chasman
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Rene Welch Schwartz
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jessica Vazquez
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Melina Chavarria
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Eryne T. Jenkins
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Gladys E. Lopez
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Chanel T. Tyler
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Aleksandar K. Stanic
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Irene M. Ong
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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7
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Sun X, Xie H, Zhang H, Li Z, Qi H, Yang C, Liu X, Ren L, Jiang Y, Hu X. B7-H4 reduction induced by Toxoplasma gondii infection results in dysfunction of decidual dendritic cells by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:157. [PMID: 35505420 PMCID: PMC9066748 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary infection of Toxoplasma gondii can cause serious abnormal pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage and stillbirth. Inhibitory molecule B7-H4 is abundantly expressed in dendritic cells (DCs) and plays an important role in maintaining immune tolerance. However, the role of B7-H4 in decidual DCs (dDCs) in T. gondii-induced abnormal pregnancy outcomes is not clear. Methods We established T. gondii-infected abnormal pregnancy model in wild-type (WT) and B7-H4 knockout (B7-H4−/−) pregnant mice in vivo and cultured primary human dDCs in vitro. The abnormal pregnancy outcomes were observed and the expression of B7-H4, functional molecules (CD80, CD86, and MHC-II or HLA-DR), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), cytokines (IL-10 and IL-12), and signaling molecules JAK2/STAT3 in dDCs was detected by flow cytometry and Western blot. Results Our results showed that T. gondii infection significantly decreased B7-H4 expression in dDCs. In addition, B7-H4−/− infected pregnant mice showed much more severe abnormal pregnancy outcomes than their counterparts. Importantly, B7-H4−/− infection further regulated the expression of molecules (CD80, CD86, and MHC-II or HLA-DR), enzyme IDO, and cytokines (IL-10 and IL-12) in dDCs. We further discovered that B7-H4−/− infection impairs the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, contributing to dDC dysfunction. Conclusions Taken together, the results show that reduction of B7-H4 by T. gondii infection significantly modulates the decrease in cytokine IL-10 and enzyme IDO and the increase in cytokine IL-12, contributing to dDC dysfunction. Moreover, the JAK2/STAT3 pathway is involved in the regulation of B7-H4 by T. gondii infection and in the subsequent IDO and cytokine production, which ultimately contributes to abnormal pregnancy outcomes. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05263-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Sun
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Xie
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhidan Li
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Houbao Qi
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbing Liu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Ren
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Semmes EC, Coyne CB. Innate immune defenses at the maternal-fetal interface. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 74:60-67. [PMID: 34768027 PMCID: PMC11063961 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The human maternal-fetal interface is an immunologically complex environment that must balance the divergent demands of tolerance towards the developing fetus with anti-pathogen defense. The innate immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface that function in anti-microbial defense have been understudied to-date and how 'TORCH' pathogens evade maternal innate immunity to infect the fetus remains poorly understood. Herein, we discuss how newly described decidual innate lymphoid cells and maternal placenta-associated macrophage subsets may be involved in anti-pathogen defense. Moreover, we outline recent advances in our understanding of how placental trophoblasts and fetal-derived macrophages (Hofbauer cells) function in anti-microbial defense. In summary, we highlight current gaps in knowledge and describe novel experimental models of the human decidua and placenta that are poised to advance our knowledge of innate immune defenses at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C Semmes
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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9
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Vazquez J, Chavarria M, Chasman DA, Schwartz RW, Tyler CT, Lopez G, Fisher RC, Ong IM, Stanic AK. Multiomic analysis reveals decidual-specific transcriptional programing of MAIT cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13495. [PMID: 34411378 PMCID: PMC8720468 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells have been recently identified at the maternal-fetal interface. However, transcriptional programming of decidual MAIT cells in pregnancy remains poorly understood. METHOD OF STUDY We employed a multiomic approach to address this question. Mononuclear cells from the decidua basalis and parietalis, and control PBMCs, were analyzed via flow cytometry to investigate MAIT cells in the decidua and assess their transcription factor expression. In a separate study, both decidual and matched peripheral MAIT cells were analyzed using Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing (CITE-seq) coupled with gene expression analysis. Lastly, decidual MAIT cells were stimulated with E.coli and expression of MR1 by antigen presenting cells was measured to evaluate decidual MAIT cell function. RESULTS First, we identified MAIT cells in both the decidua basalis and parietalis. CITE-seq, coupled with scRNA-seq gene expression analysis, highlighted transcriptional programming differences between decidual and matched peripheral MAIT cells at a single cell resolution. Transcription factor expression analysis further highlighted transcriptional differences between decidual MAIT cells and non-matched peripheral MAIT cells. Functionally, MAIT cells are skewed towards IFNγ and TNFα production upon stimulation, with E.coli leading to IFNγ production. Lastly, we demonstrate that MR1, the antigen presenting molecule restricting MAIT cells, is expressed by decidual APCs. CONCLUSION MAIT cells are present in the decidua basalis and obtain a unique gene expression profile. The presence of MR1 on APCs coupled with in vitro activation by E.coli suggests that MAIT cells might be involved in tissue-repair mechanisms at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deborah A. Chasman
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics
| | - Rene Welch Schwartz
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics
| | | | | | | | - Irene M. Ong
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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10
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Moström MJ, Scheef EA, Sprehe LM, Szeltner D, Tran D, Hennebold JD, Roberts VHJ, Maness NJ, Fahlberg M, Kaur A. Immune Profile of the Normal Maternal-Fetal Interface in Rhesus Macaques and Its Alteration Following Zika Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:719810. [PMID: 34394129 PMCID: PMC8358803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal decidua is an immunologically complex environment that balances maintenance of immune tolerance to fetal paternal antigens with protection of the fetus against vertical transmission of maternal pathogens. To better understand host immune determinants of congenital infection at the maternal-fetal tissue interface, we performed a comparative analysis of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets in the peripheral blood and decidua of healthy rhesus macaque pregnancies across all trimesters of gestation and determined changes after Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Using one 28-color and one 18-color polychromatic flow cytometry panel we simultaneously analyzed the frequency, phenotype, activation status and trafficking properties of αβ T, γδ T, iNKT, regulatory T (Treg), NK cells, B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DC). Decidual leukocytes showed a striking enrichment of activated effector memory and tissue-resident memory CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ Tregs, CD56+ NK cells, CD14+CD16+ monocytes, CD206+ tissue-resident macrophages, and a paucity of B lymphocytes when compared to peripheral blood. t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) revealed unique populations of decidual NK, T, DC and monocyte/macrophage subsets. Principal component analysis showed distinct spatial localization of decidual and circulating leukocytes contributed by NK and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and separation of decidua based on gestational age contributed by memory CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Decidua from 10 ZIKV-infected dams obtained 16-56 days post infection at third (n=9) or second (n=1) trimester showed a significant reduction in frequency of activated, CXCR3+, and/or Granzyme B+ memory CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and γδ T compared to normal decidua. These data suggest that ZIKV induces local immunosuppression with reduced immune recruitment and impaired cytotoxicity. Our study adds to the immune characterization of the maternal-fetal interface in a translational nonhuman primate model of congenital infection and provides novel insight in to putative mechanisms of vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda J Moström
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Scheef
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Lesli M Sprehe
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Dawn Szeltner
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Dollnovan Tran
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Jon D Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Victoria H J Roberts
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Nicholas J Maness
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Marissa Fahlberg
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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11
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Zhang L, Cen Y, Huang Q, Li H, Mo X, Meng W, Chen J. Computational flow cytometric analysis to detect epidermal subpopulations in human skin. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:22. [PMID: 33596908 PMCID: PMC7891025 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The detection and dissection of epidermal subgroups could lead to an improved understanding of skin homeostasis and wound healing. Flow cytometric analysis provides an effective method to detect the surface markers of epidermal cells while producing high-dimensional data files. Methods A 9-color flow cytometric panel was optimized to reveal the heterogeneous subgroups in the epidermis of human skin. The subsets of epidermal cells were characterized using automated methods based on dimensional reduction approaches (viSNE) and clustering with Spanning-tree Progression Analysis of Density-normalized Events (SPADE). Results The manual analysis revealed differences in epidermal distribution between body sites based on a series biaxial gating starting with the expression of CD49f and CD29. The computational analysis divided the whole epidermal cell population into 25 clusters according to the surface marker phenotype with SPADE. This automatic analysis delineated the differences between body sites. The consistency of the results was confirmed with PhenoGraph. Conclusion A multicolor flow cytometry panel with a streamlined computational analysis pipeline is a feasible approach to delineate the heterogeneity of the epidermis in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaorong Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianming Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wentong Meng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Schmit T, Klomp M, Khan MN. The Application of Flow Cytometry for Simultaneous and Multi-parametric Analysis of Heterogenous Cell Populations in Basic and Clinical Research. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2223:183-200. [PMID: 33226596 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1001-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of flow cytometry allows simultaneous measurement and multiparametric analysis of single cells in a heterogenous solution. The purpose of flow cytometry can vary depending on the use of antibodies and dyes targeted for specific cell molecules. The method of immune-phenotyping with fluorescently conjugated antibodies to label cell proteins or DNA works in tandem with fluidic, optic, and electrical systems present in the flow cytometer. Some flow cytometers can detect numerous fluorescent molecules on a single cell, allowing the measurement of more than 30 parameters. This ability to detect, measure, and quantitate multiple fluorescent markers on a single cell makes the flow cytometer a useful tool for analyzing various aspects of cell phenotype and function. Here we describe a standardized protocol for surface and intracellular immune-phenotyping of murine lungs, beginning with the building of an optimal antibody panel and ending with data analysis and representation, including sample gating strategies for innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Schmit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Mitchell Klomp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - M Nadeem Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
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13
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Mayoral Andrade G, Vásquez Martínez G, Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, Hernández-Huerta MT, Zenteno E, Pérez-Campos Mayoral E, Martínez Cruz M, Martínez Cruz R, Matias-Cervantes CA, Meraz Cruz N, Romero Díaz C, Cruz-Parada E, Pérez-Campos E. Molecules and Prostaglandins Related to Embryo Tolerance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:555414. [PMID: 33329514 PMCID: PMC7710691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.555414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally understood that the entry of semen into the female reproductive tract provokes molecular and cellular changes facilitating conception and pregnancy. We show a broader picture of the participation of prostaglandins in the fertilization, implantation and maintenance of the embryo. A large number of cells and molecules are related to signaling networks, which regulate tolerance to implantation and maintenance of the embryo and fetus. In this work, many of those cells and molecules are analyzed. We focus on platelets, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells involved in embryo tolerance in order to have a wider view of how prostaglandins participate. The combination of platelets and neutrophil extracellular traps (Nets), uterine innate lymphoid cells (uILC), Treg cells, NK cells, and sex hormones have an important function in immunological tolerance. In both animals and humans, the functions of these cells can be regulated by prostaglandins and soluble factors in seminal plasma to achieve an immunological balance, which maintains fetal-maternal tolerance. Prostaglandins, such as PGI2 and PGE2, play an important role in the suppression of the previously mentioned cells. PGI2 inhibits platelet aggregation, in addition to IL-5 and IL-13 expression in ILC2, and PGE2 inhibits some neutrophil functions, such as chemotaxis and migration processes, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis, ROS production, and the formation of extracellular traps, which could help prevent trophoblast injury and fetal loss. The implications are related to fertility in female when seminal fluid is deposited in the vagina or uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Mayoral Andrade
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Zenteno
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, México
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Ruth Martínez Cruz
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Noemi Meraz Cruz
- School of Medicine, Branch at National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Romero Díaz
- Research Centre Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico-Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UNAM-UABJO), Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eli Cruz-Parada
- Biochemistry and Immunology Unit, National Technological of Mexico/ITOaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos
- Biochemistry and Immunology Unit, National Technological of Mexico/ITOaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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14
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Abstract
In this article, the authors provide a general overview of the major immune cells present at the maternal-fetal interface, describe the key mechanisms used by the placenta to promote maternal immune regulation, tolerance, and adaptation, and discuss how dysregulation of these pathways could lead to obstetric complications such as pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. Finally, they conclude with a description of the innate immune properties of the human placenta that not only serve to protect the pregnancy from infection but also contribute to pregnancy complications such as preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mancy Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, LSOG 309A, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Vikki M Abrahams
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, LSOG 305C, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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15
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Enninga EAL, Jang JS, Hur B, Johnson EL, Wick MJ, Sung J, Chakraborty R. Maternal obesity is associated with phenotypic alterations in fetal immune cells by single-cell mass cytometry. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 85:e13358. [PMID: 33064324 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Prenatal exposure to metabolic dysregulation arising from maternal obesity can have negative health consequences in post-natal life. To date, the specific effects of maternal obesity on fetal immunity at a cellular level have not been well characterized. METHOD OF STUDY Using cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and cord plasma (n = 9/group) isolated from infants born to women with a high body mass index (BMI>25kg/m2 ) compared to women with a normal BMI (18-25kg/m2 ), we evaluated differences in immune cell populations using single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF). CBMCs were matched according to potentially confounding variables, such as maternal and gestational age, ethnicity, smoking status, and gravidity. Statistical results were adjusted for fetal sex. Data were analyzed by viSNE and FlowSOM softwares in Cytobank™ . RESULTS In newborn CBMCs from women with high BMI, we observed changes in frequency and phenotype of immune cell populations, including significant increases in CD4+ T cells and decreases in myeloid cell populations. IL-12p40 and MDC concentrations were significantly elevated in the high BMI group compared to control. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates an association between maternal obesity and fetal immunity. Our results warrant following long-term immunologic outcomes and associated clinical risks in children born to women with a high pre-pregnancy BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Sung Jang
- Medical Genome Facility, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin Hur
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Surgery Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Erica L Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Myra J Wick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jaeyun Sung
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Surgery Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rana Chakraborty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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16
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van der Zwan A, van Unen V, Beyrend G, Laban S, van der Keur C, Kapsenberg HJM, Höllt T, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, van der Hoorn MLP, Koning F, Claas FHJ, Eikmans M, Heidt S. Visualizing Dynamic Changes at the Maternal-Fetal Interface Throughout Human Pregnancy by Mass Cytometry. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571300. [PMID: 33193353 PMCID: PMC7649376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During healthy pregnancy, a balanced microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface with coordinated interaction between various immune cells is necessary to maintain immunological tolerance. While specific decidual immune cell subsets have been investigated, a system-wide unbiased approach is lacking. Here, mass cytometry was applied for data-driven, in-depth immune profiling of the total leukocyte population isolated from first, second, and third trimester decidua, as well as maternal peripheral blood at time of delivery. The maternal-fetal interface showed a unique composition of immune cells, different from peripheral blood, with significant differences between early and term pregnancy samples. Profiling revealed substantial heterogeneity in the decidual lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages that shape gestational-specific immune networks and putative differentiation trajectories over time during gestation. Uncovering the overall complexity at the maternal-fetal interface throughout pregnancy resulted in a human atlas that may serve as a foundation upon which comprehension of the immune microenvironment and alterations thereof in pregnancy complications can be built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita van der Zwan
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Guillaume Beyrend
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Laban
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Carin van der Keur
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Höllt
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Computer Graphics and Visualization Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frans H. J. Claas
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michael Eikmans
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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17
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Bozward AG, Wootton GE, Podstawka O, Oo YH. Autoimmune Hepatitis: Tolerogenic Immunological State During Pregnancy and Immune Escape in Post-partum. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591380. [PMID: 33072138 PMCID: PMC7541906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal immune system engages in a fine balancing act during pregnancy by simultaneously maintaining immune tolerance to the fetus and immune responses to protect against invading organisms. Pregnancy is an intricately orchestrated process where effector immune cells with fetal specificity are selectively silenced. This requires a sustained immune suppressive state not only by expansion of maternal Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) but also by leaning the immune clock toward a Th2 dominant arm. The fetus, known as a semi-allograft or temporary-self, leads to remission of autoimmune hepatitis during pregnancy. However, this tolerogenic immune state reverts back to a Th1 dominant arm, resulting in post-partum flare of AIH. Various hormones play a significant role in endocrine-immune axis during pregnancy. The placenta functions as a barrier between the maternal immune system and the fetus also plays a pivotal role in creating a tolerogenic environment during pregnancy. We review the evidence of immune tolerance during pregnancy and immune escape at post-partum period, focusing on patients with autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber G Bozward
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Rare Diseases, European Reference Network ERN Rare-Liver, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Grace E Wootton
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Rare Diseases, European Reference Network ERN Rare-Liver, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Oskar Podstawka
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ye H Oo
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Rare Diseases, European Reference Network ERN Rare-Liver, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Liver Transplant and Hepatology Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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18
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Li Y, Lopez GE, Lindner PN, Parrella L, Larson M, Sun Y, Stanic AK. The role of RORγt at maternal-fetal interface during murine pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13250. [PMID: 32314428 PMCID: PMC8261794 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs, including NK cells) and their subsets are the most frequent lymphocytes at the maternal-fetal interface (decidua). Recent recognition of extensive ILC subset diversity at mucosal sites and the possible role they might play at different stages of pregnancy poses questions about their composition and lineage stability. Namely, RORγt-dependent ILC3s have been recognized as a key cellular mediator of tissue organization in the gut and secondary lymphoid organs, prompting examination of their distribution and role in decidua during pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY We employed highly polychromatic flow cytometry with conventional and machine learning-aided analysis to map ILC subsets and dissected the role of canonical transcription factor RORγt using fate-mapping animals and RORγt-/- animals. RESULTS We demonstrate a comprehensive immunome map of ILCs/NKs, revealing a dynamic interface even in the absence of antigenic or allogeneic challenge. Strikingly, we demonstrate plasticity of RORγt expression in decidual ILCs with across gestation. However, gross reproductive efficiency is not affected in RORγt-/- animals. CONCLUSION These results indicated that RORγt+ ILCs are highly plastic at the maternal-fetal interface, but dispensable for normal pregnancy, revealing a novel mechanism of transcriptional immunoregulation in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Gladys E. Lopez
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Payton N. Lindner
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Luke Parrella
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Mariah Larson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Yan Sun
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
| | - Aleksandar K. Stanic
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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19
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Vazquez J, Chavarria M, Lopez GE, Felder MA, Kapur A, Romo Chavez A, Karst N, Barroilhet L, Patankar MS, Stanic AK. Identification of unique clusters of T, dendritic, and innate lymphoid cells in the peritoneal fluid of ovarian cancer patients. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13284. [PMID: 32524661 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM We hypothesize that activated peritoneal immune cells can be redirected to target ovarian tumors. Here, we obtain fundamental knowledge of the peritoneal immune environment through deep immunophenotyping of T cells, dendritic cells (DC), and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) of ovarian cancer patients. METHOD OF STUDY T cells, DC, and ILC from ascites of ovarian cancer patients (n = 15) and peripheral blood of post-menopausal healthy donors (n = 6) were immunophenotyped on a BD Fortessa cytometer using three panels-each composed of 16 antibodies. The data were analyzed manually and by t-SNE/DensVM. CA125 levels were obtained from patient charts. RESULTS We observed decreased CD3+ T cells and a higher proportion of activated CD4+ and effector memory CD4+ /CD8+ T cells, plasmacytoid DC, CD1c+ and CD141+ myeloid DC and CD56Hi NK cells in ascites. t-SNE/DensVM identified eight T cell, 17 DC, and 17 ILC clusters that were unique in the ascites compared to controls. Hierarchical clustering of cell frequency distinctly segregated the T-cell and ILC clusters from controls. Increased CA125 levels were associated with decreased CD8+ /CD45RA+ /CD45RO- /CCR7- T cells. CONCLUSION The identified immune clusters serve as the basis for interrogation of the peritoneal immune environment and the development of novel immunologic modalities against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vazquez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Melina Chavarria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gladys E Lopez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mildred A Felder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Arvinder Kapur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Antonio Romo Chavez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nathan Karst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lisa Barroilhet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Manish S Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aleksandar K Stanic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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20
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De Luccia TPB, Pendeloski KPT, Ono E, Mattar R, Pares DBS, Yazaki Sun S, Daher S. Unveiling the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes: Studies on local and peripheral immune cells. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12860. [PMID: 31849072 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with impaired maternal immune response. Our aim was to review the available literature linking immune cells profile to GDM, in order to comprehend the role that different subpopulations play in the development of this pathology. We searched in PubMed for studies published in the last decade on circulating levels and placenta expression of immune cells on GDM. We identified 18 studies with several differences regarding the study design, clinical characteristics, number of participants, cell subpopulation and type of sample. Most studies assessed only one subpopulation either in peripheral blood or placenta and did not analyse functional properties of the cells. The most frequently evaluated immune cells were T lymphocytes, especially regulatory T (Tregs), and natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood, and placental macrophages. No studies analysing B cells were identified, and only one study each evaluating γδT cells, dendritic cell (DC) and monocytes was found. Although there are controversies, at least one study reported positive association between GDM and CD4+ (activated), Tregs, Th17 and γδT cells; neutrophil/lymphocyte; NK cell (cytotoxic); macrophages; and monocytes. The number of studies is still small, so caution should be exercised in interpreting the data, and further research is required to validate these findings and establish the role of adaptive and innate immune cells in GDM pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P B De Luccia
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen P T Pendeloski
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erika Ono
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - David B S Pares
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sue Yazaki Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Daher
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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21
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Vazquez J, Ong IM, Stanic AK. Single-cell technologies in reproductive immunology. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 82:e13157. [PMID: 31206899 PMCID: PMC6697222 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal-fetal interface represents a unique immune privileged site that maintains the ability to defend against pathogens while orchestrating the necessary tissue remodeling required for placentation. The recent discovery of novel cellular families (innate lymphoid cells, tissue-resident NK cells) suggests that our understanding of the decidual immunome is incomplete. To understand this complex milieu, new technological developments allow reproductive immunologists to collect increasingly complex data at a cellular resolution. Polychromatic flow cytometry allows for greater resolution in the identification of novel cell types by surface and intracellular protein. Single-cell RNA-seq coupled with microfluidics allows for efficient cellular transcriptomics. The extreme dimensionality and size of data sets generated, however, requires the application of novel computational approaches for unbiased analysis. There are now multiple dimensionality reduction (tSNE, SPADE) and visualization tools (SPICE) that allow researchers to efficiently analyze flow cytometry data. Development of computational tools has also been extended to RNA-seq data (including scRNA-seq), which requires specific analytical tools. Here, we provide an overview and a brief primer for the reproductive immunology community on data acquisition and computational tools for the analysis of complex flow cytometry and RNA-seq data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vazquez
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Irene M Ong
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Division of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Aleksandar K. Stanic
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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22
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Toghi Eshghi S, Au-Yeung A, Takahashi C, Bolen CR, Nyachienga MN, Lear SP, Green C, Mathews WR, O'Gorman WE. Quantitative Comparison of Conventional and t-SNE-guided Gating Analyses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1194. [PMID: 31231371 PMCID: PMC6560168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimensionality reduction using the t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) algorithm has emerged as a popular tool for visualizing high-parameter single-cell data. While this approach has obvious potential for data visualization it remains unclear how t-SNE analysis compares to conventional manual hand-gating in stratifying and quantitating the frequency of diverse immune cell populations. We applied a comprehensive 38-parameter mass cytometry panel to human blood and compared the frequencies of 28 immune cell subsets using both conventional bivariate and t-SNE-guided manual gating. t-SNE analysis was capable of stratifying every general cellular lineage and most sub-lineages with high correlation between conventional and t-SNE-guided cell frequency calculations. However, specific immune cell subsets delineated by the manual gating of continuous variables were not fully separated in t-SNE space thus causing discrepancies in subset identification and quantification between these analytical approaches. Overall, these studies highlight the consistency between t-SNE and conventional hand-gating in stratifying general immune cell lineages while demonstrating that particular cell subsets defined by conventional manual gating may be intermingled in t-SNE space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Toghi Eshghi
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Amelia Au-Yeung
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chikara Takahashi
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Maclean N Nyachienga
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sean P Lear
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Cherie Green
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - W Rodney Mathews
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - William E O'Gorman
- OMNI Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
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23
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Vazquez J, Chasman DA, Lopez GE, Tyler CT, Ong IM, Stanic AK. Transcriptional and Functional Programming of Decidual Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:3065. [PMID: 32038619 PMCID: PMC6992589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful pregnancy requires many physiological adaptations from the mother, including the establishment of tolerance toward the semiallogeneic fetus. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have arisen as important players in immune regulation and tissue homeostasis at mucosal and barrier surfaces. Dimensionality reduction and transcriptomic analysis revealed the presence of two novel CD56Bright decidual ILCs that express low T-bet and divergent Eomes levels. Transcriptional correlation with recently identified first trimester decidual dNKs suggests that these novel decidual ILCs might be present throughout pregnancy. Functional testing with permutation analysis revealed production of multiple factors by individual cells, with a preference for IFNγ and VEGF. Overall, our data suggests continuity of a unique decidual innate lymphocytes across pregnancy with a polyfunctional functional profile conducive for pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vazquez
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Deborah A. Chasman
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gladys E. Lopez
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chanel T. Tyler
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Irene M. Ong
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aleksandar K. Stanic
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Aleksandar K. Stanic
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24
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Li Y, Lopez GE, Vazquez J, Sun Y, Chavarria M, Lindner PN, Fredrickson S, Karst N, Stanic AK. Decidual-Placental Immune Landscape During Syngeneic Murine Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2087. [PMID: 30283441 PMCID: PMC6156255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune system, principally governed by the T cells-dendritic cells (DCs) nexus, is an essential mediator of gestational fetal tolerance and protection against infection. However, the exact composition and dynamics of DCs and T cell subsets in gestational tissues are not well understood. These are controlled in human physiology by a complex interplay of alloantigen distribution and presentation, cellular/humoral active and passive tolerance, hormones/chemokines/angiogenic factors and their gradients, systemic and local microbial communities. Reductive discrimination of these factors in physiology and pathology of model systems and humans requires simplification of the model and increased resolution of interrogative technologies. As a baseline, we have studied the gestational tissue dynamics in the syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, as the simplest immunological environment, and focused on validating the approach to increased data density and computational analysis pipeline afforded by highly polychromatic flow cytometry and machine learning interpretation. We mapped DC and T cell subsets, and comprehensively examined their maternal (decidual)-fetal (placental) interface dynamics. Both frequency and composition of decidual DCs changed across gestation, with a dramatic increase in myeloid DCs in early pregnancy, and exclusion of plasmacytoid DCs. CD4+ T cells, in contrast, were lower at all gestational ages and an unusual CD4-CD8-TCRαβ+group was prominent at mid-pregnancy. Dimensionality reduction with machine learning-aided clustering revealed that CD4-CD8- T cells were phenotypically different from CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, divergence between maternal decidual and fetal placental compartment was prominent, with absence of DCs from the placenta, but not decidua or embryo. These results provide a novel framework and a syngeneic baseline on which the specific role of alloantigen/tolerance, polymicrobial environment, and models of pregnancy pathology can be precisely modeled and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gladys E. Lopez
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jessica Vazquez
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yan Sun
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Melina Chavarria
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Payton N. Lindner
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Samantha Fredrickson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nathan Karst
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aleksandar K. Stanic
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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25
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Xu Y, Romero R, Miller D, Silva P, Panaitescu B, Theis KR, Arif A, Hassan SS, Gomez-Lopez N. Innate lymphoid cells at the human maternal-fetal interface in spontaneous preterm labor. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79:e12820. [PMID: 29457302 PMCID: PMC5948134 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Pathological inflammation is causally linked to preterm labor and birth, the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Our aims were to investigate whether (i) the newly described family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) was present at the human maternal-fetal interface and (ii) ILC inflammatory subsets were associated with the pathological process of preterm labor. METHODS OF STUDY Decidual leukocytes were isolated from women with preterm or term labor as well as from gestational age-matched non-labor controls. ILCs (CD15- CD14- CD3- CD19- CD56- CD11b- CD127+ cells) and their subsets (ILC1, T-bet+ ILCs; ILC2, GATA3+ ILCs; and ILC3, RORγt+ ILCs) and cytokine expression were identified in the decidual tissues using immunophenotyping. RESULTS (i) The proportion of total ILCs was increased in the decidua parietalis of women with preterm labor; (ii) ILC1s were a minor subset of decidual ILCs during preterm and term gestations; (iii) ILC2s were the most abundant ILC subset in the decidua during preterm and term gestations; (iv) the proportion of ILC2s was increased in the decidua basalis of women with preterm labor; (v) the proportion of ILC3s was increased in the decidua parietalis of women with preterm labor; and (vi) during preterm labor, ILC3s had higher expression of IL-22, IL-17A, IL-13, and IFN-γ compared to ILC2s in the decidua. CONCLUSION ILC2s were the most abundant ILC subset at the human maternal-fetal interface during preterm and term gestations. Yet, during preterm labor, an increase in ILC2s and ILC3s was observed in the decidua basalis and decidua parietalis, respectively. These findings provide evidence demonstrating a role for ILCs at the maternal-fetal interface during the pathological process of preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Pablo Silva
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin R Theis
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Afrah Arif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U S Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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