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Phua QH, Ng SY, Soh BS. Mitochondria: A Potential Rejuvenation Tool against Aging. Aging Dis 2024; 15:503-516. [PMID: 37815912 PMCID: PMC10917551 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex physiological process encompassing both physical and cognitive decline over time. This intricate process is governed by a multitude of hallmarks and pathways, which collectively contribute to the emergence of numerous age-related diseases. In response to the remarkable increase in human life expectancy, there has been a substantial rise in research focusing on the development of anti-aging therapies and pharmacological interventions. Mitochondrial dysfunction, a critical factor in the aging process, significantly impacts overall cellular health. In this extensive review, we will explore the contemporary landscape of anti-aging strategies, placing particular emphasis on the promising potential of mitotherapy as a ground-breaking approach to counteract the aging process. Moreover, we will investigate the successful application of mitochondrial transplantation in both animal models and clinical trials, emphasizing its translational potential. Finally, we will discuss the inherent challenges and future possibilities of mitotherapy within the realm of aging research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hua Phua
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shi Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Department of Physiology), Singapore.
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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2
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Neikirk K, Stephens DC, Beasley HK, Marshall AG, Gaddy JA, Damo SM, Hinton AO. Considerations for developing mitochondrial transplantation techniques for individualized medicine. Biotechniques 2024; 76:125-134. [PMID: 38420889 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tweetable abstract Mitochondrial transplantation has been used to treat various diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we highlight the considerations in quality control mechanisms that should be considered in the context of mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dominique C Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Life & Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life & Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Antentor O Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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3
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Dugbartey GJ. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of cell damage and cell death in ischemia-reperfusion injury in organ transplantation. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:473. [PMID: 38553658 PMCID: PMC10980643 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a critical pathological condition in which cell death plays a major contributory role, and negatively impacts post-transplant outcomes. At the cellular level, hypoxia due to ischemia disturbs cellular metabolism and decreases cellular bioenergetics through dysfunction of mitochondrial electron transport chain, causing a switch from cellular respiration to anaerobic metabolism, and subsequent cascades of events that lead to increased intracellular concentrations of Na+, H+ and Ca2+ and consequently cellular edema. Restoration of blood supply after ischemia provides oxygen to the ischemic tissue in excess of its requirement, resulting in over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which overwhelms the cells' antioxidant defence system, and thereby causing oxidative damage in addition to activating pro-inflammatory pathways to cause cell death. Moderate ischemia and reperfusion may result in cell dysfunction, which may not lead to cell death due to activation of recovery systems to control ROS production and to ensure cell survival. However, prolonged and severe ischemia and reperfusion induce cell death by apoptosis, mitoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy, mitophagy, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, cuproptosis and parthanoptosis. This review discusses cellular and molecular mechanisms of these various forms of cell death in the context of organ transplantation, and their inhibition, which holds clinical promise in the quest to prevent IRI and improve allograft quality and function for a long-term success of organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Accra College of Medicine, East Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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4
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Javadpour P, Abbaszadeh F, Ahmadiani A, Rezaei M, Ghasemi R. Mitochondrial Transportation, Transplantation, and Subsequent Immune Response in Alzheimer's Disease: An Update. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04009-7. [PMID: 38368286 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory impairment and a progressive decline in cognitive function. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as an important contributor to the development of AD, leading to oxidative stress and energy deficits within the brain. While current treatments for AD aim to alleviate symptoms, there is an urgent need to target the underlying mechanisms. The emerging field of mitotherapy, which involves the transplantation of healthy mitochondria into damaged cells, has gained substantial attention and has shown promising results. However, research in the context of AD remains limited, necessitating further investigations. In this review, we summarize the mitochondrial pathways that contribute to the progression of AD. Additionally, we discuss mitochondrial transfer among brain cells and mitotherapy, with a focus on different administration routes, various sources of mitochondria, and potential modifications to enhance transplantation efficacy. Finally, we review the limited available evidence regarding the immune system's response to mitochondrial transplantation in damaged brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Javadpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Chen R, Chen J. Mitochondrial transfer - a novel promising approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1346441. [PMID: 38313834 PMCID: PMC10837849 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1346441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders remain a major global health concern in the 21st century, with increasing incidence and prevalence. Mitochondria play a critical role in cellular energy production, calcium homeostasis, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Under physiological conditions, mitochondrial transfer plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and development. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Numerous studies have demonstrated that mitochondria can be transferred from stem cells to pathologically injured cells, leading to mitochondrial functional restoration. Compared to cell therapy, mitochondrial transplantation has lower immunogenicity, making exogenous transplantation of healthy mitochondria a promising therapeutic approach for treating diseases, particularly metabolic disorders. This review summarizes the association between metabolic disorders and mitochondria, the mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer, and the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transfer for metabolic disorders. We hope this review provides novel insights into targeted mitochondrial therapy for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine and Health, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
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6
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Zhang S, Zhao D, Yang Z, Wang F, Yang S, Wang C. Circulating mitochondria promoted endothelial cGAS-derived neuroinflammation in subfornical organ to aggravate sympathetic overdrive in heart failure mice. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:27. [PMID: 38243316 PMCID: PMC10799549 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sympathoexcitation contributes to myocardial remodeling in heart failure (HF). Increased circulating pro-inflammatory mediators directly act on the Subfornical organ (SFO), the cardiovascular autonomic center, to increase sympathetic outflow. Circulating mitochondria (C-Mito) are the novel discovered mediators for inter-organ communication. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is the pro-inflammatory sensor of damaged mitochondria. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the sympathoexcitation effect of C-Mito in HF mice via promoting endothelial cGAS-derived neuroinflammation in the SFO. METHODS C-Mito were isolated from HF mice established by isoprenaline (0.0125 mg/kg) infusion via osmotic mini-pumps for 2 weeks. Structural and functional analyses of C-Mito were conducted. Pre-stained C-Mito were intravenously injected every day for 2 weeks. Specific cGAS knockdown (cGAS KD) in the SFO endothelial cells (ECs) was achieved via the administration of AAV9-TIE-shRNA (cGAS) into the SFO. The activation of cGAS in the SFO ECs was assessed. The expression of the mitochondrial redox regulator Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and its interaction with cGAS were also explored. Neuroinflammation and neuronal activation in the SFO were evaluated. Sympathetic activity, myocardial remodeling, and cardiac systolic dysfunction were measured. RESULTS C-Mito were successfully isolated, which showed typical structural characteristics of mitochondria with double-membrane and inner crista. Further analysis showed impaired respiratory complexes activities of C-Mito from HF mice (C-MitoHF) accompanied by oxidative damage. C-Mito entered ECs, instead of glial cells and neurons in the SFO of HF mice. C-MitoHF increased the level of ROS and cytosolic free double-strand DNA (dsDNA), and activated cGAS in cultured brain endothelial cells. Furthermore, C-MitoHF highly expressed DHODH, which interacted with cGAS to facilitate endothelial cGAS activation. C-MitoHF aggravated endothelial inflammation, microglial/astroglial activation, and neuronal sensitization in the SFO of HF mice, which could be ameliorated by cGAS KD in the ECs of the SFO. Further analysis showed C-MitoHF failed to exacerbate sympathoexcitation and myocardial sympathetic hyperinnervation in cGAS KD HF mice. C-MitoHF promoted myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy, and cardiac systolic dysfunction in HF mice, which could be ameliorated by cGAS KD. CONCLUSION Collectively, we demonstrated that damaged C-MitoHF highly expressed DHODH, which promoted endothelial cGAS activation in the SFO, hence aggravating the sympathoexcitation and myocardial injury in HF mice, suggesting that C-Mito might be the novel therapeutic target for sympathoexcitation in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dajun Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhaohua Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fanshun Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shouguo Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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7
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Maleki F, Rabbani S, Shirkoohi R, Rezaei M. Allogeneic mitochondrial transplantation ameliorates cardiac dysfunction due to doxorubicin: An in vivo study. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115651. [PMID: 37812888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to the mitochondria may lead to serious conditions that are difficult to treat. Doxorubicin is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of malignancies in children and adults, and reportedly causes damage to the mitochondria. Unfortunately, the dangerous cardiac side effects of doxorubicin appear when the patient is in the midst of a vigorous fight against the disease, either by taking doxorubicin alone or in combination with other drugs. This study aimed to determine whether exogenous healthy and functional mitochondria are internalized by cells, can it help the survival of these cells, and can reduce cardiotoxicity. For this purpose, isolated, pure, and functional exogenous mitochondria were injected into the tail vein of a rat model of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. After that, the heart function of the rats and their antioxidant status, inflammatory markers, and histopathological examination were investigated. Our findings show that intravenous mitochondrial transplantation provided efficient mitochondrial uptake and reduced cardiotoxicity by reducing ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation. In addition, the levels of ATP and antioxidant enzymes increased after mitochondrial transplantation; therefore all of these complex processes resulted in the reduction of apoptosis and necrosis in rat heart tissue. These promising results open the way to more effective cancer treatment without the side effects of related drugs. Transplanting exogenous mitochondria probably enhances the cell's mitochondrial network, potentially treating mitochondria-related disorders such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, although the exact relationship between mitochondrial damage and these conditions remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Maleki
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shirkoohi
- Cancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Villalba-López F, García-Bernal D, Mateo SV, Vidal-Correoso D, Jover-Aguilar M, Alconchel F, Martínez-Alarcón L, López-López V, Ríos-Zambudio A, Cascales P, Pons JA, Ramírez P, Pelegrín P, Baroja-Mazo A. Endothelial cell activation mediated by cold ischemia-released mitochondria is partially inhibited by defibrotide and impacts on early allograft function following liver transplantation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115529. [PMID: 37729732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
DAMPs (danger-associated molecular patterns) are self-molecules of the organism that appear after damage. The endothelium plays several roles in organ rejection, such as presenting alloantigens to T cells and contributing to the development of inflammation and thrombosis. This study aimed to assess whether DAMPs present in the organ preservation solution (OPS) after cold ischemic storage (CIS) contribute to exacerbating the endothelial response to an inflammatory challenge and whether defibrotide treatment could counteract this effect. The activation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was analyzed after challenging with end-ischemic OPS (eiOPS) obtained after CIS. Additionally, transwell assays were performed to study the ability of eiOPS to attract lymphocytes across the endothelium. The study revealed that eiOPS upregulated the expression of MCP-1 and IL-6 in HUVECs. Moreover, eiOPS increased the membrane expression of ICAM-1and HLA-DR, which facilitated leukocyte migration toward a chemokine gradient. Furthermore, eiOPS demonstrated its chemoattractant ability. This activation was mediated by free mitochondria. Defibrotide was found to partially inhibit the eiOPS-mediated activation. Moreover, the eiOPS-mediated activation of endothelial cells (ECs) correlated with early allograft dysfunction in liver transplant patients. Our finding provide support for the hypothesis that mitochondria released during cold ischemia could trigger EC activation, leading to complications in graft outcomes. Therefore, the analysis and quantification of free mitochondria in the eiOPS samples obtained after CIS could provide a predictive value for monitoring the progression of transplantation. Moreover, defibrotide emerges as a promising therapeutic agent to mitigate the damage induced by ischemia in donated organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Villalba-López
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; Hematopoietic Transplant and Cell Therapy Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Sandra V Mateo
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniel Vidal-Correoso
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Jover-Aguilar
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Felipe Alconchel
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain; General Surgery and Abdominal Solid Organ Transplantation Unit, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Alarcón
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Víctor López-López
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain; General Surgery and Abdominal Solid Organ Transplantation Unit, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Ríos-Zambudio
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain; General Surgery and Abdominal Solid Organ Transplantation Unit, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Cascales
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain; General Surgery and Abdominal Solid Organ Transplantation Unit, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - José A Pons
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain; Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramírez
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain; General Surgery and Abdominal Solid Organ Transplantation Unit, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), 30120 Murcia, Spain.
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9
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KUBAT GB. Mitochondrial transplantation and transfer: The promising method for diseases. Turk J Biol 2023; 47:301-312. [PMID: 38155937 PMCID: PMC10752372 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0152.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that serve as the powerhouses for cellular bioenergetics in eukaryotic cells. It is responsible for mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, cell signaling and activity, calcium balance, cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Mitochondrial transplantation is a promising disease therapy that involves the recovery of mitochondrial dysfunction using isolated functioning mitochondria. The objective of the present article is to provide current knowledge on natural mitochondrial transfer processes, in vitro and in vivo applications of mitochondrial transplantation, clinical trials, and challenges associated with mitochondrial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Burçin KUBAT
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gülhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, Ankara,
Turkiye
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10
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Xia D, Liu Y, Wu P, Wei D. Current Advances of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease and Promising Therapeutic Strategies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1485-1500. [PMID: 37481069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular power stations and essential organelles for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysfunctional mitochondria have emerged as a key factor in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on advances in the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. The clinical value and challenges of mitochondria-targeted strategies, including mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, mitochondrial quality control modulators, mitochondrial function protectors, mitochondrial biogenesis promoters, and recently developed mitochondrial transplants, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiang Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Hengyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hengyang, China
| | - Dangheng Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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11
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Lin Z, Huang W. cGAS-STING pathway in ischemia-reperfusion injury: a potential target to improve transplantation outcomes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1231057. [PMID: 37809088 PMCID: PMC10552181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is an important life-saving therapeutic choice for patients with organ or tissue failure once all other treatment options are exhausted. However, most allografts become damaged over an extended period, and post-transplantation survival is limited. Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) tends to be associated with a poor prognosis; resultant severe primary graft dysfunction is the main cause of transplant failure. Targeting the cGAS-STING pathway has recently been shown to be an effective approach for improving transplantation outcomes, when activated or inhibited cGAS-STING pathway, IRI can be alleviated by regulating inflammatory response and programmed cell death. Thus, continuing efforts to develop selective agonists and antagonists may bring great hopes to post-transplant patient. In this mini-review, we reviewed the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in transplantation, and summarized the crosstalk between this pathway and inflammatory response and programmed cell death during IRI, aiming to provide novel insights into the development of therapies to improve patient outcome after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weizhe Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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12
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Kubat GB, Bouhamida E, Ulger O, Turkel I, Pedriali G, Ramaccini D, Ekinci O, Ozerklig B, Atalay O, Patergnani S, Nur Sahin B, Morciano G, Tuncer M, Tremoli E, Pinton P. Mitochondrial dysfunction and skeletal muscle atrophy: Causes, mechanisms, and treatment strategies. Mitochondrion 2023; 72:33-58. [PMID: 37451353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, which accounts for approximately 40% of total body weight, is one of the most dynamic and plastic tissues in the human body and plays a vital role in movement, posture and force production. More than just a component of the locomotor system, skeletal muscle functions as an endocrine organ capable of producing and secreting hundreds of bioactive molecules. Therefore, maintaining healthy skeletal muscles is crucial for supporting overall body health. Various pathological conditions, such as prolonged immobilization, cachexia, aging, drug-induced toxicity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), can disrupt the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation, leading to skeletal muscle atrophy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major contributing mechanism to skeletal muscle atrophy, as it plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including energy production, metabolic flexibility, maintenance of redox homeostasis, and regulation of apoptosis. In this review, we critically examine recent knowledge regarding the causes of muscle atrophy (disuse, cachexia, aging, etc.) and its contribution to CVDs. Additionally, we highlight the mitochondrial signaling pathways involvement to skeletal muscle atrophy, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy and mitophagy, mitochondrial fission-fusion, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss current strategies, including exercise, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, in vivo transfection of PGC-1α, and the potential use of mitochondrial transplantation as a possible therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Burcin Kubat
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, 06010 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Oner Ulger
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, 06010 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Turkel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Daniela Ramaccini
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Ozgur Ekinci
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkay Ozerklig
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozbeyen Atalay
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beyza Nur Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Meltem Tuncer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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13
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Li Y, Wang Y, Yang W, Wu Z, Ma D, Sun J, Tao H, Ye Q, Liu J, Ma Z, Qiu L, Li W, Li L, Hu M. ROS-responsive exogenous functional mitochondria can rescue neural cells post-ischemic stroke. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1207748. [PMID: 37465011 PMCID: PMC10350566 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1207748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The transfer of mitochondria from healthy mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to injured MSCs has been shown to have potential therapeutic benefits for neural cell post-ischemic stroke. Specifically, functional mitochondria can perform their normal functions after being internalized by stressed cells, leading to host cell survival. However, while this approach shows promise, there is still a lack of understanding regarding which neural cells can internalize functional mitochondria and the regulatory mechanisms involved. To address this gap, we investigated the ability of different neural cells to internalize exogenous functional mitochondria extracted from MSCs. Methods: Functional mitochondria (F-Mito) isolated from umbilical cord derived-MSCs (UCMSCs) were labeled with lentivirus of HBLV-mito-dsred-Null-PURO vector. The ability of stressed cells to internalize F-Mito was analyzed using a mouse (C57BL/6 J) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model. The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 kit. Time-course of intracellular ROS levels in stressed cells were analyzed by DCFH-DA staining after OGD/R and F-Mito treatment. MitoSOX, Mitotracker and WGA labeling were used to assess the relationship between ROS levels and the uptake of F-Mito at the single-cell level. Pharmacological modulation of ROS was performed using acetylcysteine (ROS inhibitor). Results: Our findings demonstrate that neurons and endothelial cells are more effective at internalizing mitochondria than astrocytes, both in vitro and in vivo, using an ischemia-reperfusion model. Additionally, internalized F-Mito decreases host cell reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and rescues survival. Importantly, we found that the ROS response in stressed cells after ischemia is a crucial determinant in positively mediating the internalization of F-Mito by host cells, and inhibiting the generation of ROS chemicals in host cells may decrease the internalization of F-Mito. These results offer insight into how exogenous mitochondria rescue neural cells via ROS response in an ischemic stroke model. Overall, our study provides solid evidence for the translational application of MSC-derived mitochondria as a promising treatment for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases and Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yachao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Institute Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiqi Yang
- Department of Burn Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Yunnan Jici Institute for Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Daiping Ma
- Yunnan Jici Institute for Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Jianxiu Sun
- Yunnan Jici Institute for Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Huixian Tao
- Yunnan Jici Institute for Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Qinlian Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Institute Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingnan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical and Public Health School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxia Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases and Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases and Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liyan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Hu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases and Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Jici Institute for Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
- Shenzhen Zhendejici Pharmaceutical Research and Development Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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14
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Taylor ME, Jaishankar D, Ho JW, Alam HB, Bharat A, Nadig SN. Mitochondrial responses to brain death in solid organ transplant. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1082227. [PMID: 38993857 PMCID: PMC11235360 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1082227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics are central to the pathophysiology of cellular damage and inflammatory responses. In the context of solid organ transplantation, mitochondria are implicated in immune activation in donor organs that occurs after brain death, as they are critical to the regulation of cellular stress response, cell death, and display energetic adaptations through the adjustment of respiratory capacity depending on the cellular milieu. Mitochondrial damage activates mitochondrial systems of fission, fusion, biogenesis, and mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy. The mechanistic pathways as well as therapies targeting mitochondrial physiology have been studied as plausible ways to mitigate the negative effects of brain death on donor organs, though there is no summative evaluation of the multiple efforts across the field. This mini-review aims to discuss the interplay of donor brain death, mitochondrial dynamics, and impact on allograft function as it pertains to heart, lung, liver, and kidney transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith E Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Division of Organ Transplant and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dinesh Jaishankar
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Division of Organ Transplant and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jessie W Ho
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Division of Thoracic Surgery and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Satish N Nadig
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Division of Organ Transplant and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, and Pediatrics, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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15
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Machado IF, Palmeira CM, Rolo AP. Preservation of Mitochondrial Health in Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030948. [PMID: 36979927 PMCID: PMC10046671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a major cause of the development of complications in different clinical settings such as liver resection and liver transplantation. Damage arising from LIRI is a major risk factor for early graft rejection and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality after surgery. Although the mechanisms leading to the injury of parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells are not yet fully understood, mitochondrial dysfunction is recognized as a hallmark of LIRI that exacerbates cellular injury. Mitochondria play a major role in glucose metabolism, energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, calcium homeostasis and cell death. The diverse roles of mitochondria make it essential to preserve mitochondrial health in order to maintain cellular activity and liver integrity during liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). A growing body of studies suggest that protecting mitochondria by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, fission/fusion and mitophagy during liver I/R ameliorates LIRI. Targeting mitochondria in conditions that exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction, such as steatosis and aging, has been successful in decreasing their susceptibility to LIRI. Studying mitochondrial dysfunction will help understand the underlying mechanisms of cellular damage during LIRI which is important for the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes. In this review, we highlight the progress made in recent years regarding the role of mitochondria in liver I/R and discuss the impact of liver conditions on LIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo F. Machado
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela P. Rolo
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-240-700
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16
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Lamanilao GG, Dogan M, Patel PS, Azim S, Patel DS, Bhattacharya SK, Eason JD, Kuscu C, Kuscu C, Bajwa A. Key hepatoprotective roles of mitochondria in liver regeneration. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G207-G218. [PMID: 36648139 PMCID: PMC9988520 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00220.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of advanced liver disease using surgical modalities is possible due to the liver's innate ability to regenerate following resection. Several key cellular events in the regenerative process converge at the mitochondria, implicating their crucial roles in liver regeneration. Mitochondria enable the regenerating liver to meet massive metabolic demands by coordinating energy production to drive cellular proliferative processes and vital homeostatic functions. Mitochondria are also involved in terminating the regenerative process by mediating apoptosis. Studies have shown that attenuation of mitochondrial activity results in delayed liver regeneration, and liver failure following resection is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Emerging mitochondria therapy (i.e., mitotherapy) strategies involve isolating healthy donor mitochondria for transplantation into diseased organs to promote regeneration. This review highlights mitochondria's inherent role in liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene G Lamanilao
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Murat Dogan
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Prisha S Patel
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Shafquat Azim
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Disha S Patel
- Department of Legal Studies, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Syamal K Bhattacharya
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - James D Eason
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Canan Kuscu
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Cem Kuscu
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
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17
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Mitochondrial transplantation in cardiac surgical patients: optimism, caveats, and outstanding questions. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2023; 36:5-10. [PMID: 36550601 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondria satisfy the high metabolic demand of the heart, and also play major roles in reactive oxygen species signaling, calcium buffering, and regulation of cell death. Mitochondrial damage or dysfunction can drive diseases seen in cardiac surgical patients, including heart failure and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exogenous transplantation of isolated mitochondria has been proposed as one way to augment mitochondrial function and mitigate a number of pathologic processes, with a heavy focus on ischemia/reperfusion injury. RECENT FINDINGS Animal models of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury have shown functional benefits after mitochondrial transplantation. Many of the mechanisms underlying this therapy's effect; optimal dosing, delivery, and timing; and how it will translate to cardiac surgical patients are yet unknown. SUMMARY Mitochondrial transplantation is a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Effective application to selected cardiac surgical patients can be informed by further mechanistic investigations.
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18
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D’Amato M, Morra F, Di Meo I, Tiranti V. Mitochondrial Transplantation in Mitochondrial Medicine: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031969. [PMID: 36768312 PMCID: PMC9916997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are inherited genetic conditions characterized by pathogenic mutations in nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Current therapies are still far from being fully effective and from covering the broad spectrum of mutations in mtDNA. For example, unlike heteroplasmic conditions, MDs caused by homoplasmic mtDNA mutations do not yet benefit from advances in molecular approaches. An attractive method of providing dysfunctional cells and/or tissues with healthy mitochondria is mitochondrial transplantation. In this review, we discuss what is known about intercellular transfer of mitochondria and the methods used to transfer mitochondria both in vitro and in vivo, and we provide an outlook on future therapeutic applications. Overall, the transfer of healthy mitochondria containing wild-type mtDNA copies could induce a heteroplasmic shift even when homoplasmic mtDNA variants are present, with the aim of attenuating or preventing the progression of pathological clinical phenotypes. In summary, mitochondrial transplantation is a challenging but potentially ground-breaking option for the treatment of various mitochondrial pathologies, although several questions remain to be addressed before its application in mitochondrial medicine.
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19
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Lucas-Ruiz F, Peñín-Franch A, Pons JA, Ramírez P, Pelegrín P, Cuevas S, Baroja-Mazo A. Emerging Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Liver Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214396. [PMID: 36430874 PMCID: PMC9698208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-receptor, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to the inflammatory response by activating caspase-1, which in turn participates in the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, which are mainly secreted via pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is a lytic type of cell death that is controlled by caspase-1 processing gasdermin D. The amino-terminal fragment of gasdermin D inserts into the plasma membrane, creating stable pores and enabling the release of several proinflammatory factors. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis has been involved in the progression of liver fibrosis and its end-stage cirrhosis, which is among the main etiologies for liver transplantation (LT). Moreover, the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury and early inflammation and rejection after LT. In this review, we summarize the recent literature addressing the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in all stages involved in LT and argue the potential targeting of this pathway as a future therapeutic strategy to improve LT outcomes. Likewise, we also discuss the impact of graft quality influenced by donation after circulatory death and the expected role of machine perfusion technology to modify the injury response related to inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lucas-Ruiz
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Peñín-Franch
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pons
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramírez
- General Surgery and Abdominal Solid Organ Transplantation Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.B.-M.); Tel.: +34-86-8885-031 (P.P.); Tel.: +34-86-8885-039 (A.B.-M.)
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.B.-M.); Tel.: +34-86-8885-031 (P.P.); Tel.: +34-86-8885-039 (A.B.-M.)
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20
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Chen Y, Yang F, Chu Y, Yun Z, Yan Y, Jin J. Mitochondrial transplantation: opportunities and challenges in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lab Invest 2022; 20:483. [PMID: 36273156 PMCID: PMC9588235 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are rising in both incidence and prevalence and remain a major global health and socioeconomic burden in the twenty-first century. Despite an increasing understanding of these diseases, the lack of effective treatments remains an ongoing challenge. Mitochondria are key players in intracellular energy production, calcium homeostasis, signaling, and apoptosis. Emerging evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction participates in the pathogeneses of metabolic diseases. Exogenous supplementation with healthy mitochondria is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach to treating these diseases. This article reviews recent advances in the use of mitochondrial transplantation therapy (MRT) in such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, ZhenjiangJiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Fuji Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, ZhenjiangJiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Ying Chu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhihua Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Central Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Department of Oncology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.
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21
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Zhang TG, Miao CY. Mitochondrial transplantation as a promising therapy for mitochondrial diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1028-1035. [PMID: 36970208 PMCID: PMC10031255 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of inherited or acquired metabolic disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction which may affect almost all the organs in the body and present at any age. However, no satisfactory therapeutic strategies have been available for mitochondrial diseases so far. Mitochondrial transplantation is a burgeoning approach for treatment of mitochondrial diseases by recovery of dysfunctional mitochondria in defective cells using isolated functional mitochondria. Many models of mitochondrial transplantation in cells, animals, and patients have proved effective via various routes of mitochondrial delivery. This review presents different techniques used in mitochondrial isolation and delivery, mechanisms of mitochondrial internalization and consequences of mitochondrial transplantation, along with challenges for clinical application. Despite some unknowns and challenges, mitochondrial transplantation would provide an innovative approach for mitochondrial medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao-yu Miao
- Corresponding author. Tel: +86 21 81871271; fax: +86 21 65493951.
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22
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He J, Khan UZ, Qing L, Wu P, Tang J. Improving the ischemia-reperfusion injury in vascularized composite allotransplantation: Clinical experience and experimental implications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:998952. [PMID: 36189311 PMCID: PMC9523406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.998952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-time ischemia worsening transplant outcomes in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is often neglected. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable event that follows reperfusion after a period of cold static storage. The pathophysiological mechanism activates local inflammation, which is a barrier to allograft long-term immune tolerance. The previous publications have not clearly described the relationship between the tissue damage and ischemia time, nor the rejection grade. In this review, we found that the rejection episodes and rejection grade are usually related to the ischemia time, both in clinical and experimental aspects. Moreover, we summarized the potential therapeutic measures to mitigate the ischemia-reperfusion injury. Compare to static preservation, machine perfusion is a promising method that can keep VCA tissue viability and extend preservation time, which is especially beneficial for the expansion of the donor pool and better MHC-matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiang He
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Umar Zeb Khan
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liming Qing
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Panfeng Wu
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juyu Tang
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Juyu Tang,
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23
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Li S, Xu H, Song M, Shaw BI, Li QJ, Kirk AD. IFI16-STING-NF-κB signaling controls exogenous mitochondrion-induced endothelial activation. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:1578-1592. [PMID: 35322536 PMCID: PMC9177674 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria released from injured cells activate endothelial cells (ECs), fostering inflammatory processes, including allograft rejection. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) senses endogenous mitochondrial DNA, triggering innate immune activation via NF-κB signaling. Here, we show that exogenous mitochondria exposure induces EC STING-NF-κB activation, promoting EC/effector memory T cell adhesion, which is abrogated by NF-κB and STING inhibitors. STING activation in mitochondrion-activated ECs is independent of canonical cGMP-AMP synthetase sensing/signaling, but rather is mediated by interferon gamma-inducible factor 16 (IFI16) and can be inhibited by IFI16 inhibition. Internalized mitochondria undergo mitofusion and STING-dependent mitophagy, leading to selective sequestration of internalized mitochondria. The exposure of donor hearts to exogenous mitochondria activates murine heart ECs in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that IFI16-STING-NF-κB signaling regulates exogenous mitochondrion-induced EC activation and mitophagy, and exogenous mitochondria foster T cell-mediated CoBRR. These data suggest a novel, donor-directed, therapeutic approach toward mitigating perioperative allograft immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - He Xu
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: He Xu, MD, Departments of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Edwin Jones Building Room 368, Durham, NC 27710, Phone: (919)684-4371,
| | - Mingqing Song
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian I Shaw
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qi-Jing Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allan D Kirk
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Hosseinian S, Ali Pour P, Kheradvar A. Prospects of mitochondrial transplantation in clinical medicine: aspirations and challenges. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Mitochondrial Transplantation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:759-768. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Tran DT, Tu Z, Alawieh A, Mulligan J, Esckilsen S, Quinn K, Sundararaj K, Wallace C, Finnegan R, Allen P, Mehrotra S, Atkinson C, Nadig SN. Modulating donor mitochondrial fusion/fission delivers immunoprotective effects in cardiac transplantation. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:386-401. [PMID: 34714588 PMCID: PMC8813895 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Early insults associated with cardiac transplantation increase the immunogenicity of donor microvascular endothelial cells (ECs), which interact with recipient alloreactive memory T cells and promote responses leading to allograft rejection. Thus, modulating EC immunogenicity could potentially alter T cell responses. Recent studies have shown modulating mitochondrial fusion/fission alters immune cell phenotype. Here, we assess whether modulating mitochondrial fusion/fission reduces EC immunogenicity and alters EC-T cell interactions. By knocking down DRP1, a mitochondrial fission protein, or by using the small molecules M1, a fusion promoter, and Mdivi1, a fission inhibitor, we demonstrate that promoting mitochondrial fusion reduced EC immunogenicity to allogeneic CD8+ T cells, shown by decreased T cell cytotoxic proteins, decreased EC VCAM-1, MHC-I expression, and increased PD-L1 expression. Co-cultured T cells also displayed decreased memory frequencies and Ki-67 proliferative index. For in vivo significance, we used a novel murine brain-dead donor transplant model. Balb/c hearts pretreated with M1/Mdivi1 after brain-death induction were heterotopically transplanted into C57BL/6 recipients. We demonstrate that, in line with our in vitro studies, M1/Mdivi1 pretreatment protected cardiac allografts from injury, decreased infiltrating T cell production of cytotoxic proteins, and prolonged allograft survival. Collectively, our data show promoting mitochondrial fusion in donor ECs mitigates recipient T cell responses and leads to significantly improved cardiac transplant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danh T. Tran
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA,Department of SurgeryDivision of Transplant SurgeryLee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology LaboratoryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Zhenxiao Tu
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ali Alawieh
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jennifer Mulligan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Scott Esckilsen
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Transplant SurgeryLee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology LaboratoryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kristen Quinn
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Transplant SurgeryLee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology LaboratoryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kamala Sundararaj
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Transplant SurgeryLee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology LaboratoryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Caroline Wallace
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Transplant SurgeryLee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology LaboratoryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ryan Finnegan
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Transplant SurgeryLee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology LaboratoryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Patterson Allen
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Transplant SurgeryLee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology LaboratoryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Transplant SurgeryLee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology LaboratoryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA,Department of SurgeryDivision of Transplant SurgeryLee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology LaboratoryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA,South Carolina Investigators in TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Satish N. Nadig
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA,Department of SurgeryDivision of Transplant SurgeryLee Patterson Allen Transplant Immunobiology LaboratoryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA,South Carolina Investigators in TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
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Drp1/Fis1-Dependent Pathologic Fission and Associated Damaged Extracellular Mitochondria Contribute to Macrophage Dysfunction in Endotoxin Tolerance. Crit Care Med 2022; 50:e504-e515. [PMID: 35067534 PMCID: PMC9133053 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent publications have shown that mitochondrial dynamics can govern the quality and quantity of extracellular mitochondria subsequently impacting immune phenotypes. This study aims to determine if pathologic mitochondrial fission mediated by Drp1/Fis1 interaction impacts extracellular mitochondrial content and macrophage function in sepsis-induced immunoparalysis. DESIGN Laboratory investigation. SETTING University laboratory. SUBJECTS C57BL/6 and BALB/C mice. INTERVENTIONS Using in vitro and murine models of endotoxin tolerance (ET), we evaluated changes in Drp1/Fis1-dependent pathologic fission and simultaneously measured the quantity and quality of extracellular mitochondria. Next, by priming mouse macrophages with isolated healthy mitochondria (MC) and damaged mitochondria, we determined if damaged extracellular mitochondria are capable of inducing tolerance to subsequent endotoxin challenge. Finally, we determined if inhibition of Drp1/Fis1-mediated pathologic fission abrogates release of damaged extracellular mitochondria and improves macrophage response to subsequent endotoxin challenge. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS When compared with naïve macrophages (NMs), endotoxin-tolerant macrophages (ETM) demonstrated Drp1/Fis1-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and higher levels of damaged extracellular mitochondria (Mitotracker-Green + events/50 μL: ETM = 2.42 × 106 ± 4,391 vs NM = 5.69 × 105 ± 2,478; p < 0.001). Exposure of NMs to damaged extracellular mitochondria (MH) induced cross-tolerance to subsequent endotoxin challenge, whereas MC had minimal effect (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α [pg/mL]: NM = 668 ± 3, NM + MH = 221 ± 15, and NM + Mc = 881 ± 15; p < 0.0001). Inhibiting Drp1/Fis1-dependent mitochondrial fission using heptapeptide (P110), a selective inhibitor of Drp1/Fis1 interaction, improved extracellular mitochondrial function (extracellular mitochondrial membrane potential, JC-1 [R/G] ETM = 7 ± 0.5 vs ETM + P110 = 19 ± 2.0; p < 0.001) and subsequently improved immune response in ETMs (TNF-α [pg/mL]; ETM = 149 ± 1 vs ETM + P110 = 1,150 ± 4; p < 0.0001). Similarly, P110-treated endotoxin tolerant mice had lower amounts of damaged extracellular mitochondria in plasma (represented by higher extracellular mitochondrial membrane potential, TMRM/MT-G: endotoxin tolerant [ET] = 0.04 ± 0.02 vs ET + P110 = 0.21 ± 0.02; p = 0.03) and improved immune response to subsequent endotoxin treatment as well as cecal ligation and puncture. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of Drp1/Fis1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation improved macrophage function and immune response in both in vitro and in vivo models of ET. This benefit is mediated, at least in part, by decreasing the release of damaged extracellular mitochondria, which contributes to endotoxin cross-tolerance. Altogether, these data suggest that alterations in mitochondrial dynamics may play an important role in sepsis-induced immunoparalysis.
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Spartalis M, Spartalis E, Siasos G. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation: Pathophysiology, detection approaches, prevention, and treatment management. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2021; 32:333-338. [PMID: 34303800 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) continues to be a significant risk factor for the recipient's long-term survival following heart transplantation. Our knowledge of its etiology is constantly changing as new imaging techniques provide direct insight into the disease's natural history. CAV identification continues to be difficult since symptoms may be varied or nonexistent. Due to the irreversible nature of the disease, early diagnosis is critical to halting development. Prognostic tools and biomarkers have proliferated as a result of advancements in diagnostic techniques. Simultaneously, pharmaceutical advancements have aided in the amelioration of the disease's progressive progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Spartalis
- Division of Cardiology, San Raffaele University Hospital, 60 Via Olgettina, Milan 20132, Italy.
| | - Eleftherios Spartalis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
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29
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Ali Pour P, Hosseinian S, Kheradvar A. Mitochondrial transplantation in cardiomyocytes: foundation, methods, and outcomes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C489-C503. [PMID: 34191626 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00152.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation is emerging as a novel cellular biotherapy to alleviate mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. Mitochondria play a crucial role in establishing cellular homeostasis and providing cell with the energy necessary to accomplish its function. Owing to its endosymbiotic origin, mitochondria share many features with their bacterial ancestors. Unlike the nuclear DNA, which is packaged into nucleosomes and protected from adverse environmental effects, mitochondrial DNA are more prone to harsh environmental effects, in particular that of the reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction are implicated in many diseases ranging from metabolic diseases to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. While it was once thought that transplantation of mitochondria would not be possible due to their semiautonomous nature and reliance on the nucleus, recent advances have shown that it is possible to transplant viable functional intact mitochondria from autologous, allogenic, and xenogeneic sources into different cell types. Moreover, current research suggests that the transplantation could positively modulate bioenergetics and improve disease outcome. Mitochondrial transplantation techniques and consequences of transplantation in cardiomyocytes are the theme of this review. We outline the different mitochondrial isolation and transfer techniques. Finally, we detail the consequences of mitochondrial transplantation in the cardiovascular system, more specifically in the context of cardiomyopathies and ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Ali Pour
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Irvine, California.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Sina Hosseinian
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Irvine, California.,School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Arash Kheradvar
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Irvine, California.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California.,School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
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30
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Fu A. Mitotherapy as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Mitochondrial Diseases. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:41-49. [PMID: 31345157 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666190920144115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrion is a multi-functional organelle that is mainly responsible for energy supply in the mammalian cells. Over 100 human diseases are attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial therapy (mitotherapy) aims to transfer functional exogenous mitochondria into mitochondria-defective cells for recovery of the cell viability and consequently, prevention of the disease progress. OBJECTIVE The review summarizes the evidence on exogenous mitochondria that can directly enter mammalian cells for disease therapy following local and intravenous administration, and suggests that when healthy cells donate their mitochondria to damaged cells, the mitochondrial transfer between cells serve as a new mode of cell rescue. Then the transferred mitochondria play their roles in recipient cells, including energy production and maintenance of cell function. CONCLUSION Mitotherapy makes the of modulation of cell survival possible, and it would be a potential therapeutic strategy for mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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31
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Shah P, Valantine HA, Agbor-Enoh S. Transcriptomics in transplantation: More than just biomarkers of allograft rejection. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:2000-2001. [PMID: 33278854 PMCID: PMC8178244 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Shah
- Heart Failure & Transplantation, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA
| | - Hannah A. Valantine
- Laboratory of Organ Transplant Genomics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Applied Precision Genomics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
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32
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Mitochondrial Transplantation as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094793. [PMID: 33946468 PMCID: PMC8124982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major source of intercellular bioenergy in the form of ATP. They are necessary for cell survival and play many essential roles such as maintaining calcium homeostasis, body temperature, regulation of metabolism and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in variety of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, aging, type 2 diabetes, cancer and degenerative brain disease. In other words, the interpretation and regulation of mitochondrial signals has the potential to be applied as a treatment for various diseases caused by mitochondrial disorders. In recent years, mitochondrial transplantation has increasingly been a topic of interest as an innovative strategy for the treatment of mitochondrial diseases by augmentation and replacement of mitochondria. In this review, we focus on diseases that are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and highlight studies related to the rescue of tissue-specific mitochondrial disorders. We firmly believe that mitochondrial transplantation is an optimistic therapeutic approach in finding a potentially valuable treatment for a variety of mitochondrial diseases.
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33
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Horváth T, Jász DK, Baráth B, Poles MZ, Boros M, Hartmann P. Mitochondrial Consequences of Organ Preservation Techniques during Liver Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2816. [PMID: 33802177 PMCID: PMC7998211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Allograft ischemia during liver transplantation (LT) adversely affects the function of mitochondria, resulting in impairment of oxidative phosphorylation and compromised post-transplant recovery of the affected organ. Several preservation methods have been developed to improve donor organ quality; however, their effects on mitochondrial functions have not yet been compared. This study aimed to summarize the available data on mitochondrial effects of graft preservation methods in preclinical models of LT. Furthermore, a network meta-analysis was conducted to determine if any of these treatments provide a superior benefit, suggesting that they might be used on humans. A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE (via PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Web of Science) for controlled animal studies using preservation methods for LT. The ATP content of the graft was the primary outcome, as this is an indicator overall mitochondrial function. Secondary outcomes were the respiratory activity of mitochondrial complexes, cytochrome c and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) release. Both a random-effects model and the SYRCLE risk of bias analysis for animal studies were used. After a comprehensive search of the databases, 25 studies were enrolled in the analysis. Treatments that had the most significant protective effect on ATP content included hypothermic and subnormothermic machine perfusion (HMP and SNMP) (MD = -1.0, 95% CI: (-2.3, 0.3) and MD = -1.1, 95% CI: (-3.2, 1.02)), while the effects of warm ischemia (WI) without cold storage (WI) and normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) were less pronounced (MD = -1.8, 95% CI: (-2.9, -0.7) and MD = -2.1 MD; CI: (-4.6; 0.4)). The subgroup of static cold storage (SCS) with shorter preservation time (< 12 h) yielded better results than SCS ≥ 12 h, NMP and WI, in terms of ATP preservation and the respiratory capacity of complexes. HMP and SNMP stand out in terms of mitochondrial protection when compared to other treatments for LT in animals. The shorter storage time at lower temperatures, together with the dynamic preservation, provided superior protection for the grafts in terms of mitochondrial function. Additional clinical studies on human patients including marginal donors and longer ischemia times are needed to confirm any superiority of preservation methods with respect to mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Petra Hartmann
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, 6724 Szeged, Hungary; (T.H.); (D.K.J.); (B.B.); (M.Z.P.); (M.B.)
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34
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Su YJ, Wang PW, Weng SW. The Role of Mitochondria in Immune-Cell-Mediated Tissue Regeneration and Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2668. [PMID: 33800867 PMCID: PMC7961648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During tissue injury events, the innate immune system responds immediately to alarms sent from the injured cells, and the adaptive immune system subsequently joins in the inflammatory reaction. The control mechanism of each immune reaction relies on the orchestration of different types of T cells and the activators, antigen-presenting cells, co-stimulatory molecules, and cytokines. Mitochondria are an intracellular signaling organelle and energy plant, which supply the energy requirement of the immune system and maintain the system activation with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Extracellular mitochondria can elicit regenerative effects or serve as an activator of the immune cells to eliminate the damaged cells. Recent clarification of the cytosolic escape of mitochondrial DNA triggering innate immunity underscores the pivotal role of mitochondria in inflammation-related diseases. Human mesenchymal stem cells could transfer mitochondria through nanotubular structures to defective mitochondrial DNA cells. In recent years, mitochondrial therapy has shown promise in treating heart ischemic events, Parkinson's disease, and fulminating hepatitis. Taken together, these results emphasize the emerging role of mitochondria in immune-cell-mediated tissue regeneration and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jih Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-J.S.); (P.-W.W.)
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-J.S.); (P.-W.W.)
| | - Shao-Wen Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (Y.-J.S.); (P.-W.W.)
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35
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Platelets: the peripheral donor of mitochondria for diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:593-595. [PMID: 33599730 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This commentary highlights the research entitled: Transplantation of platelet-derived mitochondria alleviates cognitive impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in db/db mice, presented by Ma et al. appearing in Clinical Science (2020) 134(16), https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20200530. The authors evaluated the effect of xenograft transplantation of mitochondria isolated from peripheral blood platelets in an animal model of type II diabetes and evaluated the effects of transplantation on diabetes-associated cognitive impairment (DACI). They showed cognitive and molecular improvement in response to mitochondrial transplantation to db/db mice brains. Besides, they showed better internalization of the transplanted mitochondria into the diseased animals' hippocampal cells compared with the healthy normal control.
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"Empowering" Cardiac Cells via Stem Cell Derived Mitochondrial Transplantation- Does Age Matter? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041824. [PMID: 33673127 PMCID: PMC7918132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With cardiovascular diseases affecting millions of patients, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. The use of stem cell based approaches has been investigated during the last decades and promising effects have been achieved. However, the beneficial effect of stem cells has been found to being partly due to paracrine functions by alterations of their microenvironment and so an interesting field of research, the “stem- less” approaches has emerged over the last years using or altering the microenvironment, for example, via deletion of senescent cells, application of micro RNAs or by modifying the cellular energy metabolism via targeting mitochondria. Using autologous muscle-derived mitochondria for transplantations into the affected tissues has resulted in promising reports of improvements of cardiac functions in vitro and in vivo. However, since the targeted treatment group represents mainly elderly or otherwise sick patients, it is unclear whether and to what extent autologous mitochondria would exert their beneficial effects in these cases. Stem cells might represent better sources for mitochondria and could enhance the effect of mitochondrial transplantations. Therefore in this review we aim to provide an overview on aging effects of stem cells and mitochondria which might be important for mitochondrial transplantation and to give an overview on the current state in this field together with considerations worthwhile for further investigations.
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Zhuo DX, Ginder K, Hardin EA. Markers of Immune Function in Heart Transplantation: Implications for Immunosuppression and Screening for Rejection. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:33-40. [PMID: 33400150 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-020-00499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent developments in high-throughput DNA and RNA sequencing technologies have facilitated the development of noninvasive assays to monitor heart transplant rejection. In this review, we summarize existing assays employed for the surveillance of allograft rejection, as well as promising future directions for such tests in the molecular biology field. RECENT FINDINGS The AlloMap genome expression profiling assay remains the only noninvasive test for rejection surveillance and is incorporated into the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation guidelines. Other efforts have focused on messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) as potential viable biomarkers. Mitochondrial pathways in allograft necroptosis and inflammation signaling may represent a novel direction for future research endeavors. Although endomyocardial biopsy remains the gold standard, several converging areas of molecular biology could soon yield successful alternative methods of heart transplant rejection monitoring, with the distinct advantage of avoiding procedural complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David X Zhuo
- Fellow, Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9047, USA
| | - Katie Ginder
- Nurse Practitioner, Advanced Heart Failure, Transplant, LVAD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - E Ashley Hardin
- Internal Medicine, Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5959 Harry Hines Boulevard, Ste #HP.8.110, Dallas, TX, 75390-9047, USA.
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Cyclosporin A Administration During Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion Preserves Lung Grafts in Rat Transplant Model. Transplantation 2020; 104:e252-e259. [PMID: 32217944 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the benefits of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) such as lung reconditioning, preservation, and evaluation before transplantation, deleterious effects, including activation of proinflammatory cascades and alteration of metabolic profiles have been reported. Although patient outcomes have been favorable, further studies addressing optimal conditions are warranted. In this study, we investigated the role of the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine A (CyA) in preserving mitochondrial function and subsequently preventing proinflammatory changes in lung grafts during EVLP. METHODS Using rat heart-lung blocks after 1-hour cold preservation, an acellular normothermic EVLP system was established for 4 hours. CyA was added into perfusate at a final concentration of 1 μM. The evaluation included lung graft function, lung compliance, and pulmonary vascular resistance as well as biochemical marker measurement in the perfusate at multiple time points. After EVLP, single orthotopic lung transplantation was performed, and the grafts were assessed 2 hours after reperfusion. RESULTS Lung grafts on EVLP with CyA exhibited significantly better functional and physiological parameters as compared with those without CyA treatment. CyA administration attenuated proinflammatory changes and prohibited glucose consumption during EVLP through mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction in lung grafts. CyA-preconditioned lungs showed better posttransplant lung early graft function and less inflammatory events compared with control. CONCLUSIONS During EVLP, CyA administration can have a preconditioning effect through both its anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial protective properties, leading to improved lung graft preservation, which may result in enhanced graft quality after transplantation.
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39
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“Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy”. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2020; 34:100569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2020.100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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40
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Saeb-Parsy K, Martin JL, Summers DM, Watson CJE, Krieg T, Murphy MP. Mitochondria as Therapeutic Targets in Transplantation. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:185-198. [PMID: 32952044 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Advances in surgical procedures, technology, and immune suppression have transformed organ transplantation. However, the metabolic changes that occur during organ retrieval, storage, and implantation have been relatively neglected since the developments many decades ago of cold storage organ preservation solutions. In this review we discuss how the metabolic changes that occur within the organ during transplantation, particularly those associated with mitochondria, may contribute to the outcome. We show how a better understanding of these processes can lead to changes in surgical practice and the development of new drug classes to improve the function and longevity of transplanted grafts, while increasing the pool of organs available for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK; NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack L Martin
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK; NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominic M Summers
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK; NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher J E Watson
- Department of Surgery and Cambridge National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK; NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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41
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Challenges in Promoting Mitochondrial Transplantation Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176365. [PMID: 32887310 PMCID: PMC7504154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transplantation therapy is an innovative strategy for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction. The approach has been reported to be useful in the treatment of cardiac ischemic reperfusion injuries in human clinical trials and has also been shown to be useful in animal studies as a method for treating mitochondrial dysfunction in various tissues, including the heart, liver, lungs, and brain. On the other hand, there is no methodology for using preserved mitochondria. Research into the pharmaceutical formulation of mitochondria to promote mitochondrial transplantation therapy as the next step in treating many patients is urgently needed. In this review, we overview previous studies on the therapeutic effects of mitochondrial transplantation. We also discuss studies related to immune responses that occur during mitochondrial transplantation and methods for preserving mitochondria, which are key to their stability as medicines. Finally, we describe research related to mitochondrial targeting drug delivery systems (DDS) and discuss future perspectives of mitochondrial transplantation.
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42
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Maeda H, Kami D, Maeda R, Murata Y, Jo JI, Kitani T, Tabata Y, Matoba S, Gojo S. TAT-dextran-mediated mitochondrial transfer enhances recovery from models of reperfusion injury in cultured cardiomyocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5007-5020. [PMID: 32212298 PMCID: PMC7205789 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death among single organ diseases. Despite successful reperfusion therapy, ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) can induce oxidative stress (OS), cardiomyocyte apoptosis, autophagy and release of inflammatory cytokines, resulting in increased infarct size. In IRI, mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor, which involves the production of reactive oxygen species, activation of inflammatory signalling cascades or innate immune responses, and apoptosis. Therefore, intercellular mitochondrial transfer could be considered as a promising treatment strategy for ischaemic heart disease. However, low transfer efficiency is a challenge in clinical settings. We previously reported uptake of isolated exogenous mitochondria into cultured cells through co‐incubation, mediated by macropinocytosis. Here, we report the use of transactivator of transcription dextran complexes (TAT‐dextran) to enhance cellular uptake of exogenous mitochondria and improve the protective effect of mitochondrial replenishment in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) against OS. TAT‐dextran–modified mitochondria (TAT‐Mito) showed a significantly higher level of cellular uptake. Mitochondrial transfer into NRCMs resulted in anti‐apoptotic capability and prevented the suppression of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria after OS. Furthermore, TAT‐Mito significantly reduced the apoptotic rates of cardiomyocytes after OS, compared to simple mitochondrial transfer. These results indicate the potential of mitochondrial replenishment therapy in OS‐induced myocardial IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Maeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Maeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Murata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Jo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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43
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Pisetsky DS, Spencer DM, Mobarrez F, Fuzzi E, Gunnarsson I, Svenungsson E. The binding of SLE autoantibodies to mitochondria. Clin Immunol 2020; 212:108349. [PMID: 31982644 PMCID: PMC10538439 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by immune complexes. Because these complexes contain mitochondrial components, we assessed the presence of antibodies to whole mitochondria (wMITO) using an ELISA in which mitochondria from mouse liver are bound to microtiter plates pre-coated with poly-l-lysine. Studies with this ELISA demonstrated that SLE plasmas contain abundant anti-wMITO activity. While digestion with DNase 1 did not affect anti-wMITO activity, adsorption of plasma on DNA affinity columns could reduce binding activity. Assay for anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) by immunofluorescence and an ELISA with the M2 antigen (2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase protein complex) showed a low frequency of positivity, indicating that AMA and anti-wMITO are distinct specificities. In the study of 204 patients with SLE, the levels of anti-wMITO were higher in active SLE and correlated with levels of anti-DNA. These findings suggest that anti-wMITO can form immune complexes with mitochondria which may drive pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Pisetsky
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America; Medical Research Service, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America.
| | - Diane M Spencer
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Enrico Fuzzi
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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