1
|
Åström ME, Roos PM. Geochemistry of multiple sclerosis in Finland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156672. [PMID: 35705128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects some 3 million people around the world and the prevalence is increasing. The MS incidence increases with distance from the equator forming a north-to-south gradient. The cause of this gradient and the cause of MS in general are largely unknown. Sulphide-bearing marine and lake sediments, when exposed to oxygen after drainage, form sulphuric acid resulting in the development of acid sulphate soils. From these soils major neurotoxic metals such as iron, aluminum and manganese and trace metals such as nickel, copper and cadmium are released into the surrounding environment. As these soils are largely used for farming, obvious routes to human metal exposure exist. Here we compare the distribution of acid sulphate soils in Finland to the geographic localisation of MS cases using data from a national acid sulphate soil mapping project and historical MS distribution data. Finland has among the highest MS prevalences in the world and several independent nationwide surveys have shown the highest prevalence in western Finland, stable over time. Acid sulphate soil distribution colocalizes with MS, both on a regional (nationwide) scale and local (proximity to rivers) scale. A toxicokinetic LADME model for MS pathogenesis is presented. We propose that neurotoxic metals leaching from acid sulphate soils contribute to the clustering of MS in Finland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mats E Åström
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, St.Göran Hospital, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Knyszyńska A, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Koziarska D, Stachowska L, Kotwas A, Kulaszyńska M, Lubkowska A, Karakiewicz B. Searching for the Relationship between the Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Blood and the Clinical Course of Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116548. [PMID: 35682135 PMCID: PMC9180468 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Of all environmental pollutants, heavy metals have the most detrimental effect on public health because they remain in the ecosystem and are not biodegradable. The neurotoxicity of heavy metals, including cadmium and lead, has been well documented, and blood levels of heavy metals serve as a biomarker of exposure, reflecting their content in soft tissues. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenesis of MS is complex and relies on the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to search for the relationship between the values of cadmium and lead concentration in the blood and the health history and functional status of patients with MS. (2) Methods: The study group consisted of 151 patients with a clinical diagnosis of MS. Determination of the presence of tested elements in serum was performed using an ELAN DRC-e ICP mass spectrometer. (3) Results: Statistical analysis demonstrated that an increase in the level of cadmium was accompanied by an increase in the level of lead. There was no significant correlation between the blood lead concentration and the functional status assessed by EDSS among patients with MS in Poland. However, a tendency towards worse functional status of patients with higher blood lead concentration (p = 0.07) was demonstrated. Patients who experienced first MS symptoms at older age had higher blood levels of the tested metals. (4) Conclusions: The concentrations of cadmium and lead in the blood of MS patients in Poland were not factors differentiating their functional status and the course of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Knyszyńska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (L.S.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Koziarska
- Department of Neurology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 72-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Laura Stachowska
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (L.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Artur Kotwas
- Subdepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Monika Kulaszyńska
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (L.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Beata Karakiewicz
- Subdepartment of Social Medicine and Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland; (A.K.); (B.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abbaszadeh S, Tabary M, Aryannejad A, Abolhasani R, Araghi F, Khaheshi I, Azimi A. Air pollution and multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review. Neurol Sci 2021. [PMID: 34341860 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05508-4.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to progressive functional impairments, and many intrinsic and acquired factors are believed to be associated with its development and relapse. In terms of environmental factors, air pollution has gained much attention during recent decades, as chronic exposure to ambient air pollution seems to increase the level of some pro-inflammatory markers in the human brain, which can lead to neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. These events may also be associated with the risk of MS development and relapse. In this review, we aimed to summarize recent findings around the impact of air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, and ultra-fine particles), gaseous pollutants (carbon monoxide [CO], nitrogen oxides [NOx], sulfur dioxide [SO2], and ozone [O3]), and heavy metals, on MS development and relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Abbaszadeh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Tabary
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Armin Aryannejad
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farnaz Araghi
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Isa Khaheshi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Azimi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abbaszadeh S, Tabary M, Aryannejad A, Abolhasani R, Araghi F, Khaheshi I, Azimi A. Air pollution and multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4063-4072. [PMID: 34341860 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to progressive functional impairments, and many intrinsic and acquired factors are believed to be associated with its development and relapse. In terms of environmental factors, air pollution has gained much attention during recent decades, as chronic exposure to ambient air pollution seems to increase the level of some pro-inflammatory markers in the human brain, which can lead to neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. These events may also be associated with the risk of MS development and relapse. In this review, we aimed to summarize recent findings around the impact of air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, and ultra-fine particles), gaseous pollutants (carbon monoxide [CO], nitrogen oxides [NOx], sulfur dioxide [SO2], and ozone [O3]), and heavy metals, on MS development and relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Abbaszadeh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Tabary
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Armin Aryannejad
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farnaz Araghi
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Isa Khaheshi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Azimi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cannas D, Loi E, Serra M, Firinu D, Valera P, Zavattari P. Relevance of Essential Trace Elements in Nutrition and Drinking Water for Human Health and Autoimmune Disease Risk. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2074. [PMID: 32668647 PMCID: PMC7400883 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace elements produce double-edged effects on the lives of animals and particularly of humans. On one hand, these elements represent potentially toxic agents; on the other hand, they are essentially needed to support growth and development and confer protection against disease. Certain trace elements and metals are particularly involved in humoral and cellular immune responses, playing the roles of cofactors for essential enzymes and antioxidant molecules. The amount taken up and the accumulation in human tissues decisively control whether the exerted effects are toxic or beneficial. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to re-consider, harmonize and update current legislative regulations regarding the concentrations of trace elements in food and in drinking water. This review aims to provide information on the interrelation of certain trace elements with risk of autoimmune disease, with a particular focus on type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. In addition, an overview of the current regulations and regulatory gaps is provided in order to highlight the importance of this issue for everyday nutrition and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cannas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Eleonora Loi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Matteo Serra
- Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Monserrato Campus, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Paolo Valera
- Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Zavattari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (D.C.); (E.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paknejad B, Shirkhanloo H, Aliomrani M. Is There Any Relevance Between Serum Heavy Metal Concentration and BBB Leakage in Multiple Sclerosis Patients? Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:289-294. [PMID: 30368653 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sharp increase in multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence rate has been observed in Iranian people. In addition, it has been suggested that increased S100B level may be useful as an indicative factor of blood-brain barrier disruption. The propose of this study was to measuring blood arsenic, lead, and cadmium concentration and serum S100B concentration in a group of healthy and multiple sclerosis patients in Tehran as the most polluted city in Iran. All subjects were interviewed regarding age, medical history, possible chemical exposure, acute or chronic diseases, smoking, and dietary habits. Blood heavy metal level was measured by an atomic absorption spectrometer (Varian model 220-Z) conjugated with a graphite furnace atomizer (GTA-110). Also, a serum S100B protein concentration was determined using a commercial ELISA kit. It was observed that all male subjects had higher blood metal level in comparison with healthy controls. Also, MS patients had higher arsenic and cadmium blood concentration in comparison with healthy individuals. Regarding the S100B concentration, it was observed that it had a significant relationship with smoking habit (P value = 0.0001). In addition, arsenic had a greater correlation (63%) with increased serum S100B biomarker level among other elements. BBB leakage was higher in multiple sclerosis than in healthy subjects due to increased S100B release. In addition with regard to the heavy metal exposure especially arsenic and cadmium, these are associated with an increased BBB disruption and it is possible to play a crucial role as a developing agent of multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Paknejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Shirkhanloo
- Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Research Institute (IPIHRI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Davis B, McDermott S, McCarter M, Ortaglia A. Population-based mortality data suggests remediation is modestly effective in two Montana Superfund counties. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:803-816. [PMID: 30140965 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of living in proximity to Superfund sites with ongoing remediation were evaluated for residents of two contiguous Montana counties, Deer Lodge and Silver Bow. Deer Lodge and Silver Bow are home to the Anaconda Smelter and Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund sites, respectively. Established by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1983, both sites have had ongoing remediation for decades. Employing county level death certificate data obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER site, sex and age-adjusted standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for composite targeted causes of death were calculated using observed versus expected mortality for both counties, and compared to the expected mortality from the remaining Montana counties. Cancers, cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases (CCVD), and organ failure were elevated for the two counties during the study period, 2000-2016, with SMRs of 1.19 (95% CI 1.10, 1.29); 1.36 (95% CI 1.29, 1.43); and 1.24 (95% CI 1.10, 1.38), respectively. Neurological conditions were not elevated for the two counties (SMR = 1.01; 95% CI 0.89, 1.14). Time trend analyses performed using Cox regression models indicate that deaths from cancers (HR = 0.97; p = 0.0004), CCVDs (HR = 0.95; p ≤ 0.0001), and neurological conditions (HR = 0.97; p = 0.01) decreased over the study period. While the ecological approach applied limits the interpretation of our results, our study suggests that while mortality is elevated, it is also decreasing over time for these two Superfund sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Davis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - S McDermott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - M McCarter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - A Ortaglia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Blood lead levels and multiple sclerosis: A case-control study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 27:151-155. [PMID: 30384201 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease of the central nervous system, with disseminating demyelination of nerve fibers and spinal cord. Exposure to heavy metals seems to be associated with a higher incidence of MS. Few studies have assessed the correlation of the incidence of MS with heavy metal concentrations. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between blood lead levels and MS. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 29 MS patients and 29 healthy control persons. The controls were age, gender and occupation matched at the time of blood sampling. Blood lead levels were measured using the atomic absorption spectrometry method. Data were analyzed using Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U, and multiple logistic regression, using a significance level of p ˂ 0.05. RESULTS According to the result of this study, the mean blood lead level (BLL) was 75.6 ± 9.35and33.8 ± 28.8 µg/L in patients with MS and control group, respectively. Median blood lead levels were significantly higher in MS patients (38 µg/L, range: 27-67), compared to the controls (30 µg/L, range: 11-49) (p = 0.03). The risk of MS increased 1.17 times per one µg/L increment of blood lead level, using the multiple logistic regression analysis on the present results. CONCLUSION In conclusion, based on our results, BLL was higher in MS patients, compared with healthy individuals. The risk of MS increased 1.17 times per one µg/L increment of blood lead level.
Collapse
|
9
|
Alsahebfosoul F, Jahanbani-Ardakani H, Ghavimi R, Sedaghat N, Etemadifar M. Serum level of interleukin 36 in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 39:558-564. [PMID: 30252593 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1520128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder of central nervous system with unknown origin. In MS disease, T cells are pointed to myelin antigens and it leads to myelin loss and axonal degeneration. Cytokines are important regulators of immune system and has critical roles in MS pathogenesis. Interleukin 36, a member of interleukin 1 family, has been shown having important roles in some autoimmune disorders due to its proinflammatory actions and its role in host immunity. METHODS AND MATERIALS In the current study, 49 relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients and 41 healthy individuals were recruited. IL36 measurement was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. RESULTS Mean age of RRMS patient and control group were 31.84 ± 6.89 and 34.27 ± 8.83 years, respectively. Serum level of IL36 were 61.91 ± 16.29 in MS patients and 42.26 ± 17.54 in healthy group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION in this study for the first time, significantly higher serum level of IL36 was determined in RRMS patients comparing healthy individuals. This data may suggest important roles of this cytokine in MS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul
- a Department of Immunology, School of medicine , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | | | - Reza Ghavimi
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Nahid Sedaghat
- a Department of Immunology, School of medicine , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- d Department of Neurology, School of Medicine , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| |
Collapse
|