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Badura K, Janc J, Wąsik J, Gnitecki S, Skwira S, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease-A Narrative Review of Its Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1191. [PMID: 38927397 PMCID: PMC11200696 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anemia is one of the most common chronic kidney disease (CKD) complications. It negatively affects patients' quality of life and clinical outcomes. The pathophysiology of anemia in CKD involves the interplay of various factors such as erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency, iron dysregulation, chronic inflammation, bone marrow dysfunction, and nutritional deficiencies. Despite recent advances in understanding this condition, anemia still remains a serious clinical challenge in population of patients with CKD. Several guidelines have been published with the aim to systematize the diagnostic approach and treatment of anemia; however, due to emerging data, many recommendations vary between publications. Recent studies indicate a potential of novel biomarkers to evaluate anemia and related conditions such as iron deficiency, which is often present in CKD patients. Our article aims to summarize the pathophysiology of anemia in CKD, as well as the diagnosis and management of this condition, including novel therapeutic approaches such as hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHI). Understanding these complex subjects is crucial for a targeted approach to diagnose and treat patients with anemia in CKD effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Badura
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Janc
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Wąsik
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Szymon Gnitecki
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Skwira
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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Uysal C, Koyuncu S, Ipekten F, Karakukcu C, Kocyigit I. The utility of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level on predicting autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease progression. Ther Apher Dial 2024. [PMID: 38773764 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We focused on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) progression. METHODS ADPKD patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 were included. Serum NGAL level and NGAL to eGFR ratio (NGR), height-adjusted total kidney volume (hTKV) were assessed initially. Patients were followed-up for 5 years. RESULTS Sixty one patients were enrolled and initial eGFR was 73.6 (48.9-101.5) ml/min/1.73m2. EGFR declined by 3.7 mL/min/1.73m2 per year. Thirty four patients (55.7%) exhibited rapid progression. Rapid progression group had lower serum NGAL levels (p < 0.001) and higher hTKV (p < 0.001). Lower serum NGAL level was a risk factor for rapid progression (p < 0.001). NGR was not associated with rapid progression. Serum NGAL level was predictive in for rapid progression ROC analysis (cut-off <10.62 ng/mL). CONCLUSION Relatively lower serum NGAL levels can predict worse outcomes in ADPKD and can provide risk stratification in patients with ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Uysal
- Department of Nephrology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sumeyra Koyuncu
- Department of Nephrology, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Funda Ipekten
- Department of Biostatistics, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Karakukcu
- Department of Biochemistry, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ismail Kocyigit
- Department of Nephrology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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Mohan PB, Nagaraju SP, Musunuri B, Rajpurohit S, Bhat G, Shetty S. Study of prevalence, risk factors for acute kidney injury, and mortality in liver cirrhosis patients. Ir J Med Sci 2024:10.1007/s11845-024-03663-z. [PMID: 38517600 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in patients with end-stage liver disease and cirrhosis and is associated with increased short-term mortality. This study aims to study the prevalence and risk factors associated with AKI development and mortality in cirrhosis of liver patients. METHODOLOGY In the current prospective study, hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis from October 2021 to March 2023 were recruited. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, which included, the etiology of cirrhosis, comorbidities, severity of liver disease, and relevant biochemical parameters. The patient was followed up for 90 days to record the clinical outcome. The statistical software SPSS was utilized to conduct the analysis. RESULTS Of 364 liver cirrhosis patients, 25.2% (n, 92) had AKI and belonged to an average age of 51.54 ± 11.82 years. The majority of individuals in the study were males (90.4%), and alcohol (63.4%) was the most common etiology of liver cirrhosis. The present study showed that higher level of direct bilirubin (p = 0.011) and MELD score (p = 0.0001) were identified as significant risk factors for AKI development in patients with liver cirrhosis. Regarding mortality, the significant risk factors were the presence of AKI (p = 0.045) and MELD score (p = 0.025). Among AKI patients, 90-day mortality rates were higher in patients with acute tubular necrosis (p value = 0.010) and stage 3 AKI (p value = 0.001). CONCLUSION AKI is common in cirrhosis of liver patients. Elevated levels of direct bilirubin and MELD score emerged as significant factors associated with AKI development. Furthermore, AKI and MELD scores were identified as independent risk factors for mortality at both 30 and 90 days. Survival rates were influenced by both the type and stage of AKI; AKI stage 3 and ATN patients had significantly higher mortality rate. Early AKI detection and management are crucial for reducing mortality risk in liver cirrhosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Basthi Mohan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shankar Prasad Nagaraju
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Balaji Musunuri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Siddheesh Rajpurohit
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ganesh Bhat
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shiran Shetty
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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Kwak Y, Kim HG, Seok J, Kim S, Kim EM, Kim A. The Critical Role of Intracellular Bacterial Communities in Uncomplicated Recurrent Urinary Cystitis: A Comprehensive Review of Detection Methods and Diagnostic Potential. Int Neurourol J 2024; 28:4-10. [PMID: 38569615 PMCID: PMC10990762 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2448066.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide and are particularly prevalent in women. Recurrent UTIs significantly diminish quality of life due to their symptoms and frequent relapses. Patients often experience immediate relapse following slightly strenuous activities or intense psychological stress. In this review, we explore why infections persist despite the advent of various treatments and suggest strategies to manage recurrent cystitis by targeting the mechanisms of adhesion and infection. Vitamin D levels and the expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin are linked to the recurrence of UTIs. During a UTI, bacteria employ adhesins to invade the urinary tract, adhere to urothelial cells, and then penetrate these cells, where they rapidly multiply to establish intracellular bacterial communities. Bacteria can also form quiescent intracellular reservoirs that escape immune responses and antibiotic treatments, leading to recurrence under certain conditions. The surface proteins of bacteria and D-mannose are crucial in the adhesion of bacteria to the urothelium. Understanding these processes provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic approaches that focus on preventing bacterial attachment and cluster formation. By disrupting the ability of bacteria to adhere to and form clusters on cells, we can better manage recurrent UTIs and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjoo Kwak
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Gon Kim
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaekwon Seok
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Eun-Mee Kim
- Department of Paramedicine, Korea Nazarene University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, CA, USA
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Wijesurendra RS, Sardell R, Jayaram R, Samuel N, Chen Z, Staplin N, Collins R, Zheng Z, Haynes R, Hill M, Emberson J, Casadei B. Mechanisms of rosuvastatin-related acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery: the STICS trial. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:629-631. [PMID: 37793132 PMCID: PMC10881091 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S Wijesurendra
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Sardell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raja Jayaram
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Nathan Samuel
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie Staplin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Richard Haynes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Hill
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Emberson
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, UK
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Kruse CJ, Dieu M, Renaud B, François AC, Stern D, Demazy C, Burteau S, Boemer F, Art T, Renard P, Votion DM. New Pathophysiological Insights from Serum Proteome Profiling in Equine Atypical Myopathy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6505-6526. [PMID: 38371826 PMCID: PMC10870397 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Equine atypical myopathy (AM) is a severe environmental intoxication linked to the ingestion of protoxins contained in seeds and seedlings of the sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) in Europe. The toxic metabolites cause a frequently fatal rhabdomyolysis syndrome in grazing horses. Since these toxic metabolites can also be present in cograzing horses, it is still unclear as to why, in a similar environmental context, some horses show signs of AM, whereas others remain clinically healthy. Label-free proteomic analyses on the serum of 26 diseased AM, 23 cograzers, and 11 control horses were performed to provide insights into biological processes and pathways. A total of 43 and 44 differentially abundant proteins between "AM vs cograzing horses" and "AM vs control horses" were found. Disease-linked changes in the proteome of different groups were found to correlate with detected amounts of toxins, and principal component analyses were performed to identify the 29 proteins representing a robust AM signature. Among the pathway-specific changes, the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, the coagulation/complement cascade, and the biosynthesis of amino acids were affected. Sycamore maple poisoning results in a combination of inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired lipid metabolism, which is trying to be counteracted by enhanced glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline-J. Kruse
- Department
of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology
and Sport Medicine, Fundamental and Applied
Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | - Marc Dieu
- Namur
Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
- MaSUN,
Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of
Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Benoît Renaud
- Department
of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology
and Toxicology, Fundamental and Applied
Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | - Anne-Christine François
- Department
of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology
and Toxicology, Fundamental and Applied
Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | - David Stern
- GIGA
Bioinformatics Platform, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Demazy
- Namur
Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
- MaSUN,
Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of
Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Sophie Burteau
- Namur
Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
- MaSUN,
Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of
Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - François Boemer
- Biochemical
Genetics Lab, Department of Human Genetics, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Art
- Department
of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology
and Sport Medicine, Fundamental and Applied
Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | - Patricia Renard
- Namur
Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
- MaSUN,
Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of
Namur (UNamur), Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Dominique-M. Votion
- Department
of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology
and Toxicology, Fundamental and Applied
Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
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7
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Saad KM, Salles ÉL, Naeini SE, Baban B, Abdelmageed ME, Abdelaziz RR, Suddek GM, Elmarakby AA. Reno-protective effect of protocatechuic acid is independent of sex-related differences in murine model of UUO-induced kidney injury. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:98-111. [PMID: 38214881 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive nephropathy is a condition often caused by urinary tract obstruction either anatomical (e.g., tumors), mechanical (e.g., urolithiasis), or compression (e.g., pregnancy) and can progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Studies have shown sexual dimorphism in CKD, where males were found to have a more rapid decline in kidney function following kidney injury compared to age-matched females. Protocatechuic acid (PCA), an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory polyphenolic compound, has demonstrated promising effects in mitigating drug-induced kidney injuries. The current study aims to explore sexual dimorphism in kidney injury after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and assess whether PCA treatment can mitigate kidney injury in both sexes. METHODS UUO was induced in 10-12 weeks old male and female C57BL/6J mice. Mice were categorized into four groups (n = 6-8/group); Sham, Sham plus PCA (100 mg/kg, I.P daily), UUO, and UUO plus PCA. RESULTS After 2 weeks of induction of UUO, markers of kidney oxidative stress (TBARs), inflammation (IL-1α and IL-6), tubular injury (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL and urinary kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1), fibrosis (Masson's trichrome staining, collagen IV expression, MMP-2 and MMP-9) and apoptosis (TUNEL+ cells, active caspase-1 and caspase-3) were significantly elevated in both males and females relative to their sham counterparts. Males exhibited significantly greater kidney oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis after induction of UUO when compared to females. PCA treatment significantly attenuated UUO-induced kidney injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis in both sexes. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a differential gender response to UUO-induced kidney injury with males being more sensitive to UUO-induced kidney inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis than age-matched females. Importantly, PCA treatment reduced UUO-induced kidney injury in a sex-independent manner which might be attributed to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Saad
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Évila Lopes Salles
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sahar Emami Naeini
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Marwa E Abdelmageed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania R Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elmarakby
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Campos S, Rodrigo AP, Moutinho Cabral I, Mendes VM, Manadas B, D’Ambrosio M, Costa PM. An Exploration of Novel Bioactives from the Venomous Marine Annelid Glycera alba. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:655. [PMID: 37999518 PMCID: PMC10674444 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The immense biodiversity of marine invertebrates makes them high-value targets for the prospecting of novel bioactives. The present study investigated proteinaceous toxins secreted by the skin and proboscis of Glycera alba (Annelida: Polychaeta), whose congenerics G. tridactyla and G. dibranchiata are known to be venomous. Proteomics and bioinformatics enabled the detection of bioactive proteins that hold potential for biotechnological applications, including toxins like glycerotoxins (GLTx), which can interfere with neuromuscular calcium channels and therefore have value for the development of painkillers, for instance. We also identified proteins involved in the biosynthesis of toxins. Other proteins of interest include venom and toxin-related bioactives like cysteine-rich venom proteins, many of which are known to interfere with the nervous system. Ex vivo toxicity assays with mussel gills exposed to fractionated protein extracts from the skin and proboscis revealed that fractions potentially containing higher-molecular-mass venom proteins can exert negative effects on invertebrate prey. Histopathology, DNA damage and caspase-3 activity suggest significant cytotoxic effects that can be coadjuvated by permeabilizing enzymes such as venom metalloproteinases M12B. Altogether, these encouraging findings show that venomous annelids are important sources of novel bioactives, albeit illustrating the challenges of surveying organisms whose genomes and metabolisms are poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Campos
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (S.C.); (A.P.R.); (I.M.C.)
- UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Rodrigo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (S.C.); (A.P.R.); (I.M.C.)
- UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Inês Moutinho Cabral
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (S.C.); (A.P.R.); (I.M.C.)
- UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vera M. Mendes
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (V.M.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (V.M.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Mariaelena D’Ambrosio
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (S.C.); (A.P.R.); (I.M.C.)
- UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (S.C.); (A.P.R.); (I.M.C.)
- UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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9
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Adewale OB, Anadozie SO, Okpiri RT, Jaiyesimi KF, Owolabi OV, Akinlade O, Obafemi TO, Osukoya OA, Onasanya A. Synthesized gold nanoparticles mediated by Crassocephalum rubens extract down-regulate KIM-1/NGAL genes and inhibit oxidative stress in cadmium-induced kidney damage in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1154-1161. [PMID: 36303411 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2138427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure induces kidney damage by mediating oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, the role of Crassocephalum rubens-gold nanoparticles (C. rubens-AuNPs) in down-regulating kidney injury molecules-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) genes and inhibiting oxidative stress in Cd-induced kidney damage in rats was investigated. Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed randomly into six groups (n = 5). Group I served as control, while groups II, III, IV, and V rats were administered with 20 mg/kg b.w. cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for five consecutive days. Groups III, IV, and V rats were treated, 24 h after the last dose of CdCl2, with silymarin, 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg C. rubens-AuNPs, respectively, for 14 days. Group VI rats received 10 mg/kg C. rubens-AuNPs only for 14 days. Animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose of the treatment. Biochemical parameters such as kidney function markers, biomarkers of nephrotoxicity, and oxidative stress markers were assayed. Results indicated that 20 mg/kg b.w. CdCl2 caused kidney damage, as evidenced by significant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of serum urea and creatinine, malondialdehyde, reduced level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increased mRNA expression of the kidney injury biomarkers (KIM-1 and NGAL genes), when compared with the control. However, these changes were attenuated by both doses of C. rubens-AuNPs when compared with Cd-induced nephrotoxic rats. It can be suggested that C. rubens-AuNPs have the potential to ameliorate kidney damage induced by Cd via oxidative stress inhibition and down-regulation of KIM-1/NGAL genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Bolaji Adewale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Program, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Regina T Okpiri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Program, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Oluwatobiloba Akinlade
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Program, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Tajudeen Olabisi Obafemi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Program, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi Adetutu Osukoya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Program, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Amos Onasanya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Program, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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10
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Mitaka C, Teranishi K, Wakita M, Misawa S, Nojiri S, Satoh D, Hayashida M. Incidences of and risk factors for clinical and subclinical contrast-associated acute kidney injury in patients who underwent neuroendovascular surgery. Neuroradiol J 2023; 36:601-609. [PMID: 37106524 PMCID: PMC10569205 DOI: 10.1177/19714009231173104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) can develop after intravascular administration of iodinated contrast media. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an early marker for AKI that helps to detect subclinical CA-AKI. We investigated the incidence of and risk factors for clinical and subclinical CA-AKI in patients who underwent neuroendovascular surgery. METHODS We retrospectively investigated 228 patients who underwent neuroendovascular surgery in 2020. Changes in serum creatinine and urine output were used to detect clinical CA-AKI. Urine NGAL concentration was used to detect subclinical CA-AKI in 67 out of 228 patients. RESULTS In 228 patients, serum creatinine, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total protein, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased significantly (p < 0.001) after surgery. However, serum creatinine decreased less significantly (p < 0.05) than hemoglobin, hematocrit, total protein, and BUN on postoperative Day 3. Two patients out of 228 developed clinical CA-AKI, and seven patients out of 67 with urine NGAL measurements developed subclinical CA-AKI. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus and carotid artery stenosis were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the development of clinical and/or subclinical CA-AKI. CONCLUSION There was a large difference between the incidences of clinical CA-AKI (0.88%) and subclinical CA-AKI (10.4%). The difference might have primarily resulted from the different sensitivities between serum creatinine and urine NGAL and possibly from underestimation of the incidence of clinical AKI due to a postoperative decrease in serum creatinine caused by hemodilution. In addition to diabetes mellitus, carotid artery stenosis could also be a risk factor for CA-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mitaka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Teranishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Wakita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Misawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Technology, Faculty Medical Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuko Nojiri
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daizoh Satoh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hayashida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Wang Q, Lin Q, Wang H, Tang M, Fan K, Zhang Z, Huang E, Zhang W, Wang F, Ou Q, Liu X. Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin for differentiation of bacterial meningitis from tuberculous meningitis or cryptococcal meningitis: a prospective cohort study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:603. [PMID: 37679727 PMCID: PMC10486126 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early differential diagnosis between bacterial meningitis (BM) and tuberculous meningitis (TBM) or cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains a significant clinical challenge. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) has been reported as a novel inflammatory biomarker in the early stages of infection. This study aimed to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NGAL can serve as a potential biomarker for distinguishing between BM and TBM or CM. METHODS We prospectively enrolled the patients with suspected CNS infections at admission and divided them into three case groups: BM (n = 67), TBM (n = 55), CM (n = 51), and an age- and sex-matched hospitalized control (HC, n = 58). Detected the CSF NGAL and assessed its diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing between BM and TBM or CM. Additionally, longitudinally measured the CSF NGAL levels in patients with BM to evaluate its potential as a monitoring tool for antibacterial treatment. RESULTS The concentration of CSF NGAL in BM was significantly higher than in TBM, CM, and HC (all P < 0.05), while the serum NGAL did not show significant differences among the three case groups. The ROC analysis demonstrated that CSF NGAL presented a good diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.834 (0.770-0.886) and at the optimal cutoff value of 74.27 ng/mL with 70.15% sensitivity and 77.36% specificity for discriminating BM with TBM and CM. Additionally, the CSF NGAL in the convalescent period of BM was significantly lower than in the acute period (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CSF NGAL may serve as a potential biomarker for distinguishing between acute BM and TBM or CM. Additionally, it holds clinical significance in monitoring the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Qingwen Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Minjie Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Kengna Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Zeqin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Er Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Fengqing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Clinical Immunology Laboratory Test, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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12
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Pejchinovski I, Turkkan S, Pejchinovski M. Recent Advances of Proteomics in Management of Acute Kidney Injury. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2648. [PMID: 37627907 PMCID: PMC10453063 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is currently recognized as a life-threatening disease, leading to an exponential increase in morbidity and mortality worldwide. At present, AKI is characterized by a significant increase in serum creatinine (SCr) levels, typically followed by a sudden drop in glomerulus filtration rate (GFR). Changes in urine output are usually associated with the renal inability to excrete urea and other nitrogenous waste products, causing extracellular volume and electrolyte imbalances. Several molecular mechanisms were proposed to be affiliated with AKI development and progression, ultimately involving renal epithelium tubular cell-cycle arrest, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the inability to recover and regenerate proximal tubules, and impaired endothelial function. Diagnosis and prognosis using state-of-the-art clinical markers are often late and provide poor outcomes at disease onset. Inappropriate clinical assessment is a strong disease contributor, actively driving progression towards end stage renal disease (ESRD). Proteins, as the main functional and structural unit of the cell, provide the opportunity to monitor the disease on a molecular level. Changes in the proteomic profiles are pivotal for the expression of molecular pathways and disease pathogenesis. Introduction of highly-sensitive and innovative technology enabled the discovery of novel biomarkers for improved risk stratification, better and more cost-effective medical care for the ill patients and advanced personalized medicine. In line with those strategies, this review provides and discusses the latest findings of proteomic-based biomarkers and their prospective clinical application for AKI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinka Pejchinovski
- Department of Quality Assurance, Nikkiso Europe GmbH, 30885 Langenhagen, Germany; (I.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Sibel Turkkan
- Department of Quality Assurance, Nikkiso Europe GmbH, 30885 Langenhagen, Germany; (I.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Martin Pejchinovski
- Department of Analytical Instruments Group, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 82110 Germering, Germany
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13
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Lv H, Li Q, Fei Y, Zhang P, Li L, Shi J, Lv H. Effects of Ulinastatin on Postoperative Renal Function in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Prospective Cohort Study with 10-Year Follow-Up. Cardiorenal Med 2023; 13:238-247. [PMID: 37315538 PMCID: PMC10664327 DOI: 10.1159/000531403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to explore the potential effect of ulinastatin on renal function and long-term survival in patients receiving cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted at Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China. Ulinastatin was applied after induction anesthesia. The primary outcome was the rate of new-onset postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). Moreover, a 10-year follow-up was conducted until January 2021. RESULTS The rate of new-onset AKI was significantly lower in the ulinastatin group than in the control group (20.00 vs. 32.40%, p = 0.009). There was no significant difference in renal replacement therapy between the two groups (0.00 vs. 2.16%, p = 0.09). The postoperative plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL) and IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the ulinastatin group compared with the control group (pNGAL: p = 0.007; IL-6: p = 0.001). A significantly lower incidence of respiratory failure in the ulinastatin group compared with the control group (0.76 vs. 5.40%, p = 0.02). The nearly 10-year follow-up (median: 9.37, 95% confidence interval: 9.17-9.57) survival rates did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.076). CONCLUSIONS Ulinastatin significantly reduced postoperative AKI and respiratory failure in patients receiving cardiac surgery with CPB. However, ulinastatin did not reduce intensive care unit and hospital stays, mortality, and long-term survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanran Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuda Fei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Kamounah S, Sembler-Møller ML, Nielsen CH, Pedersen AML. Sjögren's syndrome: novel insights from proteomics and miRNA expression analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183195. [PMID: 37275849 PMCID: PMC10232878 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, which affects the exocrine glands leading to glandular dysfunction and, particularly, symptoms of oral and ocular dryness. The aetiology of SS remains unclear, and the disease lacks distinctive clinical features. The current diagnostic work-up is complex, invasive and often time-consuming. Thus, there is an emerging need for identifying disease-specific and, ideally, non-invasive immunological and molecular biomarkers that can simplify the diagnostic process, allow stratification of patients, and assist in monitoring the disease course and outcome of therapeutic intervention in SS. Methods This systematic review addresses the use of proteomics and miRNA-expression profile analyses in this regard. Results and discussion Out of 272 papers that were identified and 108 reviewed, a total of 42 papers on proteomics and 23 papers on miRNA analyses in saliva, blood and salivary gland tissue were included in this review. Overall, the proteomic and miRNA studies revealed considerable variations with regard to candidate biomarker proteins and miRNAs, most likely due to variation in sample size, processing and analytical methods, but also reflecting the complexity of SS and patient heterogeneity. However, interesting novel knowledge has emerged and further validation is needed to confirm their potential role as biomarkers in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kamounah
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology/Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Lynn Sembler-Møller
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology/Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology/Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Lynge Pedersen
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology/Oral Medicine, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Nusshag C, Wei C, Hahm E, Hayek SS, Li J, Samelko B, Rupp C, Szudarek R, Speer C, Kälble F, Schaier M, Uhle F, Schmitt FC, Fiedler MO, Krautkrämer E, Cao Y, Rodriguez R, Merle U, Eugen-Olsen J, Zeier M, Weigand MA, Morath C, Brenner T, Reiser J. suPAR links a dysregulated immune response to tissue inflammation and sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. JCI Insight 2023; 8:165740. [PMID: 37036003 PMCID: PMC10132159 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to sepsis results in poor outcomes and conventional kidney function indicators lack diagnostic value. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is an innate immune-derived molecule implicated in inflammatory organ damage. We characterized the diagnostic ability of longitudinal serum suPAR levels to discriminate severity and course of sepsis-induced AKI (SI-AKI) in 200 critically ill patients meeting Sepsis-3 criteria. The pathophysiologic relevance of varying suPAR levels in SI-AKI was explored in a polymicrobial sepsis model in WT, (s)uPAR-knockout, and transgenic suPAR-overexpressing mice. At all time points studied, suPAR provided a robust classification of SI-AKI disease severity, with improved prediction of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and mortality compared with established kidney biomarkers. Patients with suPAR levels of greater than 12.7 ng/mL were at highest risk for RRT or death, with an adjusted odds ratio of 7.48 (95% CI, 3.00-18.63). suPAR deficiency protected mice against SI-AKI. suPAR-overexpressing mice exhibited greater kidney damage and poorer survival through inflamed kidneys, accompanied by local upregulation of potent chemoattractants and pronounced kidney T cell infiltration. Hence, suPAR allows for an innate immune-derived and kidney function-independent staging of SI-AKI and offers improved longitudinal risk stratification. suPAR promotes T cell-based kidney inflammation, while suPAR deficiency improves SI-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Nusshag
- Department of Internal Medicine, RUSH University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Changli Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, RUSH University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eunsil Hahm
- Department of Internal Medicine, RUSH University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Salim S Hayek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, RUSH University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Beata Samelko
- Department of Internal Medicine, RUSH University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Claudius Speer
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Kälble
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schaier
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ellen Krautkrämer
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yanxia Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, RUSH University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ricardo Rodriguez
- Department of Internal Medicine, RUSH University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jesper Eugen-Olsen
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Martin Zeier
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Morath
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, RUSH University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Iji OT, Ajibade TO, Esan OO, Awoyomi OV, Oyagbemi AA, Adetona MO, Omobowale TO, Yakubu MA, Oguntibeju OO, Nwulia E. Ameliorative effects of glycine on cobalt chloride-induced hepato-renal toxicity in rats. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:168-177. [PMID: 37141004 PMCID: PMC10158950 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The important roles of liver and kidney in the elimination of injurious chemicals make them highly susceptible to the noxious activities of various toxicants including cobalt chloride (CoCl2 ). This study was designed to investigate the role of glycine in the mitigation of hepato-renal toxicities associated with CoCl2 exposure. METHODS Forty-two (42) male rats were grouped as Control; (CoCl2 ; 300 ppm); CoCl2 + Glycine (50 mg/kg); CoCl2 + Glycine (100 mg/kg); Glycine (50 mg/kg); and Glycine (100 mg/kg). The markers of hepatic and renal damage, oxidative stress, the antioxidant defense system, histopathology, and immunohistochemical localization of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and renal podocin were evaluated. RESULTS Glycine significantly reduced the markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde content and H2 O2 generation), liver function tests (ALT, AST, and ALP), markers of renal function (creatinine and BUN), and decreased the expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and podocin compared with rats exposed to CoCl2 toxicity without glycine treatment. Histopathology lesions including patchy tubular epithelial necrosis, tubular epithelial degeneration and periglomerular inflammation in renal tissues, and severe portal hepatocellular necrosis, inflammation, and duct hyperplasia were observed in hepatic tissues of rats exposed to CoCl2 toxicity, but were mild to absent in glycine-treated rats. CONCLUSION The results of this study clearly demonstrate protective effects of glycine against CoCl2 -induced tissue injuries and derangement of physiological activities of the hepatic and renal systems in rats. The protective effects are mediated via augmentation of total antioxidant capacity and upregulation of NGAL and podocin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun Olanrewaju Esan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Moses Olusola Adetona
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, COPHS, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Evaristus Nwulia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University Hospital, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Petrova I, Alexandrov A, Vladimirov G, Mateev H, Bogov I, Paskaleva I, Gotcheva N. NGAL as Biomarker of Clinical and Subclinical Damage of Kidney Function after Coronary Angiography. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061180. [PMID: 36980488 PMCID: PMC10047760 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a serious complication after angiographic examinations in cardiology. Diagnosis may be delayed based on standard serum creatinine, and subclinical forms of kidney damage may not be detected at all. In our study, we investigate the clinical use in these directions of a “damage”-type biomarker—neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Among patients with a high-risk profile undergoing scheduled coronary angiography and/or angioplasty, plasma NGAL was determined at baseline and at 4th and 24th h after contrast administration. In the CI-AKI group, NGAL increased significantly at the 4th hour (Me 109.3 (IQR 92.1–148.7) ng/mL versus 97.6 (IQR 69.4–127.0) ng/mL, p = 0.006) and at the 24th hour (Me 131.0 (IQR 81.1–240.8) ng/mL, p = 0.008). In patients with subclinical CI-AKI, NGAL also increased significantly at the 4th hour (Me 94.0 (IQR 75.5–148.2) ng/mL, p = 0.002) and reached levels close to those in patients with CI-AKI. Unlike the new biomarker, however, serum creatinine did not change significantly in this group. The diagnostic power of NGAL is extremely good—AUC 0.847 (95% CI: 0.677–1.000; p = 0.001) in CI-AKI and AUC 0.731 (95% CI: 0.539–0.924; p = 0.024) in subclinical CI-AKI. NGAL may be a reliable biomarker for the early diagnosis of clinical and subclinical forms of renal injury after contrast angiographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyana Petrova
- Clinic of Cardiology, National Heart Hospital, 65 Konioviza Str., 1309 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexander Alexandrov
- Clinic of Cardiology, National Heart Hospital, 65 Konioviza Str., 1309 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Vladimirov
- Clinic of Cardiology, National Heart Hospital, 65 Konioviza Str., 1309 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Mateev
- Clinic of Cardiology, National Heart Hospital, 65 Konioviza Str., 1309 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivaylo Bogov
- Central hospitalier Châlons-en-Champagne, 51 Rue du Commandant Derrien, 51000 Châlons-en-Champagne, France
| | - Iva Paskaleva
- Laboratory Department, National Heart Hospital, 65 Konioviza Str., 1309 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nina Gotcheva
- Clinic of Cardiology, National Heart Hospital, 65 Konioviza Str., 1309 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Zhang Z, Huang Y, Li M, Li W, Fang X, Huang Z, Zhang W. Rapid and quantitative detection of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in synovial fluid using fluorescence immunochromatographic test strips for diagnosing prosthetic joint infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 106:115929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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19
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Lehmann A, Brunner A, Marti E, Francey T, Steinbach S, Peters LM, Adamik KN. Concentrations and kinetics of renal biomarkers in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus with and without 24-h intravenous lidocaine. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1115783. [PMID: 36846247 PMCID: PMC9953137 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1115783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) can lead to organ failure including acute kidney injury (AKI). Due to its cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, lidocaine has a potential to prevent AKI in dogs with GDV. Design and setting Prospective, observational cohort study in client-owned dogs with GDV. Objective To determine concentrations of renal biomarkers for AKI in dogs with GDV with and without intravenous (IV) lidocaine therapy. Methods Thirty-two dogs were randomized to receive either IV lidocaine (2 mg/kg, followed by a lidocaine constant rate infusion at a dose of 50 μg/kg/min over 24 h; n = 17) or no lidocaine (n = 15). Blood and urine samples were taken at admission (T 0) (only blood), during or immediately after surgery (T 1), and 24 (T 24) and 48 (T 48) h after surgery. Plasma creatinine (pCr), plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL), urinary NGAL (uNGAL), uNGAL to creatinine ratio (UNCR), and urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase to creatinine ratio (uGGT/uCr) were evaluated. Biomarker concentrations were compared between dogs with and without IV lidocaine and the course of each marker was determined in comparison to its admission value. Results In the entire population, a significantly higher pCr at T 0 (median, 95 μmol/L, interquartile range, 82-105) compared with T 1 (69 μmol/L, 60-78), T 24 (63 μmol/L, 52-78), and T 48 (78 μmol/L, 65-87) (P < 0.001) was found. Plasma NGAL increased significantly between T 0 (5.66 ng/mL, 3.58-7.43) and T 24 (7.50 ng/mL, 4.01-11.89) (P = 0.006) and T 48 (9.86 ng/mL, 5.52-13.92) (P < 0.001), respectively. Urinary NGAL increased significantly between T 1 (0.61 ng/mL, 0.30-2.59) and T 24 (2.62 ng/mL, 1.86-10.92) (P = 0.001) and T 48 (4.79 ng/mL, 1.96-34.97 (P < 0.001), respectively. UNCR increased significantly between T 1 (0.15 μg/mmol, 0.09-0.54) and T 24 (1.14 μg/mmol, 0.41-3.58) (P = 0.0015) and T 48 (1.34 μg/mmol, 0.30-7.42) (P < 0.001), respectively. Concentrations of uGGT/uCr increased significantly from T 0 highest at T 24 (6.20 U/mmol, 3.90-9.90) and significantly decreased at T 48 (3.76 U/mmol, 2.84-6.22) (P < 0.001). No significant differences in any renal biomarker concentration were found between dogs with and without IV lidocaine therapy. Conclusion and clinical relevance Plasma NGAL, uNGAL and UNCR remained increased up to 48 h post-surgery. No evidence of lidocaine-associated renoprotection was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lehmann
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Brunner
- Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Francey
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Steinbach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Laureen M. Peters
- Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katja-Nicole Adamik
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Al-Mosawi M, Mousa BA, Almohana S, Hadi NR. THE RISK OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER ELECTIVE VERSUS EMERGENCY CORONARY INTERVENTION. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 75:3010-3017. [PMID: 36723319 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202212120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: A serious and common complication after percutaneous coronary intervention is acute kidney injury, which is associated with an increased risk of renal, cardiovascular and even mortality; therefore, early prognosis and identification of patients at higher risk are essential for early initiation of preventive measures. The aim of this study is to predict and compare the risk for the development of CI-AKI in patient with ACS who undergo emergency PCI or elective (i.e. after medical stabilization) PCI by utilizing the sensitivity of serum NGAL as an early and reliable predictor for CI-AK. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: The study include 37 patients with acute coronary syndrome, baseline serum creatinine, complete blood count and pre and two hours post operative serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were measured and all patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention according to the standard protocol used in Al Najaf Cardiac Center. RESULTS Results: This is a Two-Arm study that included a total of 37 patients with acute coronary syndrome aged 38-83 years. Eighteen of them had emergency percutaneous coronary intervention while the remaining 19 had elective percutaneous coronary intervention (after medical stabilization). Elevation of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level two hours after percutaneous coronary intervention was found to be significantly higher among emergency percutaneous coronary intervention group compared to elective group. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Acute coronary syndrome patients are undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention are at an increasing risk for the development of contrast induced acute kidney injury than those undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bashar Abed Mousa
- DEPARTMENT OF NEPHROLOGY AND RENAL TRANSPLANT CENTRE, AL-SADER TEACHING HOSPITAL, NAJAF, IRAQ
| | - Sadiq Almohana
- DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, NAJAF, IRAQ
| | - Najah R Hadi
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, NAJAF, IRAQ
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Laorodphun P, Cherngwelling R, Panya A, Arjinajarn P. Curcumin protects rats against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by amelioration of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:491-500. [PMID: 35188833 PMCID: PMC8865128 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2037663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gentamicin (GM) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic which is commonly used against Gram-negative bacterial infection; however, serious complications including nephrotoxicity could limit its clinical use. OBJECTIVE The present study examined the protective effects of curcumin (CUR) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis through its antioxidative property in GM-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 3) were divided into six groups to receive normal saline (control), GM (100 mg/kg/day), co-treatment with GM and CUR (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg/day) and CUR (200 mg/kg/day) alone for 15 days by gavage feeding. Then, the renal function, kidney injury as well as oxidative stress, antioxidative markers and ER stress-mediated apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS Pre-treatment of CUR rescued the nephrotoxicity in GM-treated rats. Several nephrotoxicity hallmarks were reversed in the CUR-pre-treatment group. At the dose of 200 mg/kg/day, it could significantly lower serum creatinine (from 0.95 to 0.50 mg/dL), blood urea nitrogen (from 35.00 to 23.50 mg/dL) and augmented creatinine clearance (from 0.83 to 1.71 mL/min). The normalized expression of oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde was decreased (from 13.00 to 5.98) in line with the increase of antioxidant molecules including superoxide dismutase (from 5.59 to 14.24) and glutathione (from 5.22 to 12.53). Furthermore, the renal ER stress and apoptotic protein biomarkers were lowered in CUR treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings pave the way for the application of CUR as a supplement in the prevention of nephrotoxicity and other kidney diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongrapee Laorodphun
- Ph.D.’s Degree Program in Biology (International Program), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Rada Cherngwelling
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Aussara Panya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phatchawan Arjinajarn
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to describe acute kidney injury (AKI) phenotypes in children. RECENT FINDINGS AKI is a heterogenous disease that imposes significant morbidity and mortality on critically ill and noncritically ill patients across the age spectrum. As our understanding of AKI and its association with outcomes has improved, it is becoming increasingly apparent that there are distinct AKI subphenotypes that vary by cause or associated conditions. We have also learned that severity, duration, and repeated episodes of AKI impact outcomes, and that integration of novel urinary biomarkers of tubular injury can also reveal unique subphenotypes of AKI that may not be otherwise readily apparent. SUMMARY Studies that further delineate these unique AKI subphenotypes are needed to better understand the impact of AKI in children. Further delineation of these phenotypes has both prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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23
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Scridon A, Somkereki C, Nicoară TR, Oprica M, Demian L. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin monitoring reveals persistent subclinical kidney injury following intraarterial administration of iodinated contrast agents. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19464. [PMID: 36376542 PMCID: PMC9663446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically overt contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most feared complications in patients exposed to iodinated contrast media and has been extensively studied over the years. Meanwhile, the incidence and evolution of subclinical contrast-induced kidney injury remain elusive. With the continuous increase in the number of patients that are repeatedly exposed to contrast media, elucidating these issues is of critical importance. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the incidence and the evolution of clinical and subclinical kidney injury in patients exposed to contrast media. A total of 178 patients who underwent elective percutaneous angioplasty procedures were evaluated prospectively. Serum creatinine and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were evaluated pre-procedurally, 48 h and 1 month after administration of contrast media. The evolution of creatinine and NGAL levels was analyzed at the three time points, and the potential predictors of contrast-induced clinical and subclinical renal injury were evaluated. Clinically overt CIN occurred in 10 (5.6%) patients. Baseline serum creatinine and the volume of contrast media were the only independent predictors of CIN and in all 10 patients creatinine levels returned to baseline by 1 month (p = 0.32). Subclinical contrast-induced kidney injury was much more common, affecting 32 (17.9%) patients, was only predicted by the baseline serum creatinine, and persisted in 53.1% of patients after 1 month. This study showed that whereas clinically overt CIN is rather rare and regressive, subclinical contrast-induced kidney injury is considerably more frequent, affecting almost 18% of patients that receive intraarterial contrast media. More importantly, subclinical kidney injury persisted after 1 month in more than 50% of the initially affected patients, who may thus be at increased risk for further renal impairment, particularly if exposed to nephrotoxic agents or repeated administration of contrast media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Scridon
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania ,Physiology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 38, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Cristina Somkereki
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania ,grid.514016.7Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Tunde Renata Nicoară
- grid.514016.7Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Mădălina Oprica
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Liliana Demian
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania
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Millet N, Solis NV, Aguilar D, Lionakis MS, Wheeler RT, Jendzjowsky N, Swidergall M. IL-23 signaling prevents ferroptosis-driven renal immunopathology during candidiasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5545. [PMID: 36138043 PMCID: PMC9500047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During infection the host relies on pattern-recognition receptors to sense invading fungal pathogens to launch immune defense mechanisms. While fungal recognition and immune effector responses are organ and cell type specific, during disseminated candidiasis myeloid cells exacerbate collateral tissue damage. The β-glucan receptor ephrin type-A 2 receptor (EphA2) is required to initiate mucosal inflammatory responses during oral Candida infection. Here we report that EphA2 promotes renal immunopathology during disseminated candidiasis. EphA2 deficiency leads to reduced renal inflammation and injury. Comprehensive analyses reveal that EphA2 restrains IL-23 secretion from and migration of dendritic cells. IL-23 signaling prevents ferroptotic host cell death during infection to limit inflammation and immunopathology. Further, host cell ferroptosis limits antifungal effector functions via releasing the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal to induce various forms of cell death. Thus, we identify ferroptotic cell death as a critical pathway of Candida-mediated renal immunopathology that opens a new avenue to tackle Candida infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Millet
- grid.239844.00000 0001 0157 6501Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA ,grid.513199.6The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Norma V. Solis
- grid.239844.00000 0001 0157 6501Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA ,grid.513199.6The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Diane Aguilar
- grid.513199.6The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Robert T. Wheeler
- grid.21106.340000000121820794Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME USA
| | - Nicholas Jendzjowsky
- grid.513199.6The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Marc Swidergall
- grid.239844.00000 0001 0157 6501Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA ,grid.513199.6The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
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25
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Hasson DC, Krallman K, VanDenHeuvel K, Menon S, Piraino G, Devarajan P, Goldstein SL, Alder M. Olfactomedin 4 as a novel loop of Henle-specific acute kidney injury biomarker. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15453. [PMID: 36117416 PMCID: PMC9483618 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with morbidity and mortality. Urinary biomarkers may disentangle its clinical heterogeneity. Olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) is a secreted glycoprotein expressed in stressed neutrophils and epithelial cells. In septic mice, OLFM4 expression localized to the kidney's loop of Henle (LOH) and was detectable in the urine. We hypothesized that urine OLFM4 (uOLFM4) will be increased in patients with AKI and sepsis. Urine from critically ill pediatric patients was obtained from a prospective study based on AKI and sepsis status. uOLFM4 was quantified with a Luminex immunoassay. AKI was defined by KDIGO severe criteria. Sepsis status was extracted from the medical record based on admission diagnosis. Immunofluorescence on pediatric kidney biopsies was performed with NKCC2, uromodulin and OLFM4 specific antibodies. Eight patients had no sepsis, no AKI; 7 had no sepsis but did have AKI; 10 had sepsis, no AKI; 11 had sepsis and AKI. Patients with AKI had increased uOLFM4 compared to no/stage 1 AKI (p = 0.044). Those with sepsis had increased uOLFM4 compared to no sepsis (p = 0.026). uOLFM4 and NGAL were correlated (r2 0.59, 95% CI 0.304-0.773, p = 0.002), but some patients had high uOLFM4 and low NGAL, and vice versa. Immunofluorescence on kidney biopsies demonstrated OLFM4 colocalization with NKCC2 and uromodulin, suggesting expression in the thick ascending LOH (TALH). We conclude that AKI and sepsis are associated with increased uOLFM4. uOLFM4 and NGAL correlated in many patients, but was poor in others, suggesting these markers may differentiate AKI subgroups. Given OLFM4 colocalization to human TALH, we propose OLFM4 may be a LOH-specific AKI biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C. Hasson
- Division of Critical Care MedicineCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Kelli Krallman
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Katherine VanDenHeuvel
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Shina Menon
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionSeattle Children's HospitalSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Giovanna Piraino
- Division of Critical Care MedicineCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Prasad Devarajan
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Stuart L. Goldstein
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Matthew N. Alder
- Division of Critical Care MedicineCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
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26
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Larstorp ACK, Salvador CL, Svensvik BA, Klingenberg O, Distante S. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C are early biomarkers of acute kidney injury associated with cardiac surgery. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2022; 82:410-418. [PMID: 36036280 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2022.2114105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication in as much as half of the patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and early diagnosis and treatment are of the utmost importance. There is a need for robust biomarkers that can detect cardiac surgery-associated AKI (CSA-AKI) prior to rise in plasma creatinine, which typically occurs at least 48 h postoperatively. We compared pre- and 4, 12 and 48 h postoperative plasma (P) neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C, urea and creatinine, and urine (U) NGAL, as markers of AKI, in 49 patients (67% men, median age 65 years) scheduled for elective cardiac surgery (e.g. coronary artery bypass graft and/or valve replacement surgery) with the use of extracorporeal circulation. Patients with preoperative sepsis, renal replacement therapy, or estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73m2 were excluded. P- and U-NGAL were measured using the Roche Modular P (Roche Diagnostics®) NGAL immunoassay. According to AKIN/KDIGO criteria, nine patients (18%) were diagnosed with CSA-AKI. Compared to patients without CSA-AKI, these patients had significantly higher P-NGAL and P-cystatin C values 4 h (p-values .002 and <.001) and 12 h (p-values <.001 and <.001) postoperatively. The same differences were not observed for U-NGAL. Patients with AKI also had significantly higher P-creatinine 4 and 12 h postoperatively (p-values .001 and <.001), however the rise in P-creatinine was just above the upper reference limit. In conclusion, plasma NGAL and cystatin C seem to detect CSA-AKI earlier than the more commonly used biomarkers creatinine and urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cecilie K Larstorp
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Olav Klingenberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonia Distante
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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27
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Huang Z, Zhang Z, Li M, Li W, Fang X, Zhang W. Synovial Fluid Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Can be Used to Accurately Diagnose Prosthetic Joint Infection. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 123:170-175. [PMID: 35987468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)1 in synovial fluid (SF) may have potential diagnostic value for prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The purpose of this study was to study (1) the diagnostic performance of SF-NGAL level for diagnosing PJI and (2) the impact of prior antibiotic use on the SF-NGAL levels. METHODS Consecutive patients who needed hip or knee revision surgery were included prospectively from January 2017 to September 2018. The patients were divided into the PJI group and the aseptic failure (AF) group. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the SF-NGAL level. RESULTS Fifty of 78 included patients were diagnosed with PJI. The median SF-NGAL level was 3633 ng/ml (interquartile range (IQR), 1332-10737) in the PJI group and 26.8 ng/ml (IQR, 12.4-52.5) in the AF group (p < 0.0001). When the SF-NGAL threshold was 263 ng/ml, the AUC was 0.98, the sensitivity was 92.9%, and the specificity was 98%. The median level was 5779 ng/ml (IQR, 1425-13072) in the antibiotic group and 2590 ng/ml (IQR, 932-8970) in the nonantibiotic group (p = 0.1). CONCLUSION SF-NGAL level can be used as a diagnostic indicator of PJI. The use of antibiotics prior to sampling does not affect the SF-NGAL level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zida Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Mengqing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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28
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Pelle MC, Provenzano M, Busutti M, Porcu CV, Zaffina I, Stanga L, Arturi F. Up-Date on Diabetic Nephropathy. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1202. [PMID: 36013381 PMCID: PMC9409996 DOI: 10.3390/life12081202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the leading causes of kidney disease. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide, and it is linked to an increase in cardiovascular (CV) risk. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) increases morbidity and mortality among people living with diabetes. Risk factors for DN are chronic hyperglycemia and high blood pressure; the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade improves glomerular function and CV risk in these patients. Recently, new antidiabetic drugs, including sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, have demonstrated additional contribution in delaying the progression of kidney disease and enhancing CV outcomes. The therapeutic goal is regression of albuminuria, but an atypical form of non-proteinuric diabetic nephropathy (NP-DN) is also described. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art evaluation of current treatment strategies and promising emerging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Pelle
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Busutti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Clara Valentina Porcu
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabella Zaffina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucia Stanga
- Oncology Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Arturi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases (CR METDIS), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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A risk-stratified assessment of biomarker-based acute kidney injury phenotypes in children. Pediatr Res 2022; 93:1354-1360. [PMID: 35933485 PMCID: PMC9899867 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional acute kidney injury (AKI) diagnostic tests serum creatinine (SCr) and urine output are imprecise and make management challenging. Combining tubular injury biomarkers with functional markers reveal AKI phenotypes that may facilitate personalized care. However, when and in whom to obtain injury biomarkers remains unclear. METHODS This was a prospective, observational study of patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Using the Renal Angina Index (RAI), subjects were screened for the presence (RAI+) or absence (RAI-) of renal angina 12 h post-admission and assigned an AKI phenotype using urinary NGAL (NGAL+: ≥150 ng/ml) and SCr (SCr+: ≥KDIGO Stage 1). Outcomes for each AKI phenotype were assessed and compared by RAI status. RESULTS In all, 200/247 (81%) subjects were RAI+. RAI+ subjects who were NGAL+ had higher risk of Day 3 AKI, renal replacement therapy use, and mortality and fewer ventilator- and PICU-free days, compared to NGAL-, irrespective of Day 0 SCr. Similar findings were not demonstrated in RAI- subjects, though NGAL+/SCr+ was associated with fewer ventilator- and PICU-free days compared to NGAL-/SCr+. CONCLUSIONS NGAL- and SCr-based AKI phenotypes provide improved prognostic information in children with renal angina (RAI+) and/or with SCr elevation. These populations may be appropriate for targeted biomarker testing. IMPACT New consensus recommendations encourage the integration of kidney tubular injury biomarkers such as urinary NGAL with serum creatinine for diagnosis and staging of acute kidney injury; however, no structured testing framework exists guiding when to test and in whom. Urinary NGAL- and serum creatinine-based acute kidney injury phenotypes increase diagnostic precision in critically ill children experiencing renal angina (RAI+) or serum creatinine-defined acute kidney injury. These data provide preliminary evidence for a proposed framework for directed urinary NGAL assessment in the pediatric intensive care unit.
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Duan Z, Jiang M, Huang X, Liu H, Yu H, Meng Q. Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Can Predict the Efficacy of Volume Expansion Therapy in Patients With Hepatitis B Cirrhosis and AKI. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:839250. [PMID: 35784735 PMCID: PMC9240615 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.839250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Kidney biomarkers in urine appear to be useful in differential diagnosis between acute tubular necrosis and other types of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhosis. In clinical practice, prerenal azotemia (PRA) is often distinguished from other types of AKI by volume expansion therapy. The aim of the current study was to investigate the accuracy of urinary biomarkers in the differential diagnosis between PRA and other types of AKI. Methods: A total of 65 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis were prospectively included and divided into AKI and non-AKI groups. Patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and AKI discontinue diuretics, vasodilators, and nephrotoxic drugs and give volume expansion therapy. The efficacy was judged after 48 h of treatment. Urinary biomarkers were measured at the time of diagnosis of AKI and 48 h after volume expansion therapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for nonresponse to volume expansion therapy. Results: Of the 65 patients, 49 patients with newly diagnosed AKI were screened in the study, and 16 hospitalized patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis without AKI at the same period were screened as the control group. In patients with cirrhosis and AKI, 29 (59.18%) patients were in the response group and 20 (40.81%) patients were in the nonresponse group. The mortality rate in the nonresponse group was significantly higher than that in the response group (75% vs. 13.8% p < 0.001). After logistic regression analysis, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and serum creatinine (SCr) at diagnosis of AKI showed significant association with nonresponse to volume expansion therapy. The cutoff values for SCr and urinary NGAL were 128.50 µmol/L and 90.75 ng/ml, respectively. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for SCr and urinary NGAL was 0.815 and 0.831. Conclusion: Elevated urinary NGAL can reflect the degree of kidney injury and is an independent risk factor for nonresponse to volume expansion therapy in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Duan
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Minjie Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Outpatient, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Meng
- Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghua Meng,
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The Most Promising Biomarkers of Allogeneic Kidney Transplant Rejection. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6572338. [PMID: 35669103 PMCID: PMC9167141 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6572338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical transplantology is a constantly evolving field of medicine. Kidney transplantation has become standard clinical practice, and it has a significant impact on reducing mortality and improving the quality of life of patients. Allogenic transplantation induces an immune response, which may lead to the rejection of the transplanted organ. The gold standard for evaluating rejection of the transplanted kidney by the recipient's organism is a biopsy of this organ. However, due to the high invasiveness of this procedure, alternative diagnostic methods are being sought. Therefore, the biomarkers may play an essential predictive role in transplant rejection. A review of the most promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of allogenic kidney transplant rejection summarizes novel data on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL-10), cystatin C (CysC), osteopontin (OPN), and clusterin (CLU) and analyses the dynamics of changes of the biomarkers mentioned above in kidney diseases and the mechanism of rejection of the transplanted kidney.
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Odum JD, Standage S, Alder M, Zingarelli B, Devarajan P, Wong HR. Candidate Biomarkers for Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury Mechanistic Studies. Shock 2022; 57:687-693. [PMID: 35234208 PMCID: PMC9117431 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a frequent complication of sepsis, yet the pathophysiologic mechanisms of SA-AKI are incompletely understood. PERSEVERE is a clinically validated serum biomarker panel with high sensitivity in predicting mortality from sepsis, and recent evidence suggests it can also predict severe, persistent SA-AKI at day 3 of hospitalization among septic children. We developed a murine model of PERSEVERE (mPERSEVERE) to further interrogate the sepsis-related biological underpinnings of SA-AKI using candidate biomarkers within mPERSEVERE. METHODS Eight-week-old C57BL/6 male mice underwent induction of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). mPERSEVERE biomarkers were collected at 8-hours and kidneys were harvested at 24-hours post-CLP Classification and regression tree analysis (CART) was used to generate a SA-AKI predictive model. Kidney gene expression levels of candidate biomarkers were quantified using real time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Thirty- five mice underwent CLP Among mice identified by mPERSEVERE as high-risk for mortality, 70% developed SA-AKI at 24-hours compared to 22% of low-risk mice. CART analysis identified two mPERSEVERE biomarkers-C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC)-as most predictive for SA-AKI with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.90. In mice that developed SA-AKI, renal expression of KC was significantly increased compared to mice without SA-AKI (p = 0.013), whereas no difference was seen in renal expression of CCL3 in mice with SA-AKI vs. no SA-AKI. KC and CCL3 localized to renal tubule epithelial cells as opposed to infiltrating immune cells by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS The combination of plasma CCL3+KC can predict SA-AKI development in mice at 24-hours following CLP Of these two biomarkers, only renal expression of KC is increased in mice with SA-AKI. Further studies are required to determine if KC directly contributes to the underlying pathobiology of SA-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Odum
- Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Steve Standage
- Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew Alder
- Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Prasad Devarajan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hector R Wong
- Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Improving acute kidney injury diagnostic precision using biomarkers. Pract Lab Med 2022; 30:e00272. [PMID: 35494424 PMCID: PMC9046880 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2022.e00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized patients of all ages and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Accurate prediction and early identification of AKI is of utmost importance because no therapy exists to mitigate AKI once it has occurred. Yet, serum creatinine lacks adequate sensitivity and specificity, and quantification of urine output is challenging in incontinent children without indwelling bladder catheters. Integration of clinically available biomarkers have the potential to delineate unique AKI phenotypes that could have important prognostic and therapeutic implications. Plasma Cystatin C, urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and the urinary product of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase (TIMP-2) and insulin growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP7) are clinically available. These biomarkers have been studied in heterogenous populations across the age spectrum and in a variety of clinical settings for prediction of AKI. The purpose of this review is to describe and discuss the clinically available AKI biomarkers including how they have been used to delineate AKI phenotypes.
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Alkhalefah A, Eyre HJ, Hussain R, Glazier JD, Ashton N. Impact of maternal intermittent fasting during pregnancy on cardiovascular, metabolic and renal function in adult rat offspring. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0258372. [PMID: 35271586 PMCID: PMC8912128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant Muslim women are exempt from fasting during Ramadan; however a majority are reported to fast. The impact of this form of maternal intermittent fasting (IF) on fetal development and offspring health is not well defined. Using a rat model, we have shown previously that maternal IF results in fetal growth restriction accompanied by changes in placental nutrient transport function. The aim of this study was to assess cardiovascular, metabolic and renal function in adult offspring of IF-exposed dams. Food was withheld from Wistar rats from 17:00 to 09:00 daily throughout pregnancy; controls had ad libitum access to food. Birth weight was unaffected; however male IF pups grew more slowly up to 10 weeks of age (P < 0.01) whereas IF females matched their control counterparts. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), glucose tolerance and basal renal function at 14 weeks were not affected by IF exposure. When offered saline solutions (0.9–2.1%) to drink, females showed a greater salt preference than males (P < 0.01); however there were no differences between dietary groups. A separate group of pups was weaned onto a 4% NaCl diet. SBP increased in IF pups sooner, at 7 weeks (P < 0.01), than controls which became hypertensive from 10 weeks. Renal function did not appear to differ; however markers of renal injury were elevated in IF males (P < 0.05). Maternal IF does not affect resting cardiovascular, metabolic and renal function; but when challenged by dietary salt load male IF offspring are more prone to renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Alkhalefah
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary’s Hospital, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J. Eyre
- Divison of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rezwana Hussain
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary’s Hospital, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jocelyn D. Glazier
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Ashton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Patel M, Gbadegesin RA. Update on prognosis driven classification of pediatric AKI. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1039024. [PMID: 36340722 PMCID: PMC9634036 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1039024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects a large proportion of hospitalized children and increases morbidity and mortality in this population. Initially thought to be a self-limiting condition with uniformly good prognosis, we now know that AKI can persist and progress to acute kidney disease (AKD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI is presently categorized by stage of injury defined by increase in creatinine, decrease in eGFR, or decrease in urine output. These commonly used biomarkers of acute kidney injury do not change until the injury is well established and are unable to detect early stage of the disease when intervention is likely to reverse injury. The kidneys have the ability to compensate and return serum creatinine to a normal or baseline level despite nephron loss in the setting of AKI possibly masking persistent dysfunction. Though these definitions are important, classifying children by their propensity for progression to AKD and CKD and defining these risk strata by other factors besides creatinine may allow for better prognosis driven discussion, expectation setting, and care for our patients. In order to develop a classification strategy, we must first be able to recognize children who are at risk for AKD and CKD based on modifiable and non-modifiable factors as well as early biomarkers that identify their risk of persistent injury. Prevention of initial injury, prompt evaluation and treatment if injury occurs, and mitigating further injury during the recovery period may be important factors in decreasing risk of AKD and CKD after AKI. This review will cover presently used definitions of AKI, AKD, and CKD, recent findings in epidemiology and risk factors for AKI to AKD to CKD progression, novel biomarkers for early identification of AKI and AKI that may progress to CKD and future directions for improving outcome in children with AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mital Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United State
| | - Rasheed A Gbadegesin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United State
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Bruno ME, Mukherjee S, Stromberg AJ, Saito H, Starr ME. Visceral fat-specific regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in aged septic mice. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:706-719. [PMID: 34369600 PMCID: PMC8810697 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are documented in patients with sepsis and levels positively correlate with disease severity and mortality. Our previous work demonstrated that visceral adipose tissues (VAT) are a major source of PAI-1, especially in the aged (murine endotoxemia), that circulating PAI-1 protein levels match the trajectory of PAI-1 transcript levels in VAT (clinical sepsis), and that PAI-1 in both VAT and plasma are positively associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic patients. In the current study utilizing preclinical sepsis models, PAI-1 tissue distribution was examined and cellular sources, as well as mechanisms mediating PAI-1 induction in VAT, were identified. In aged mice with sepsis, PAI-1 gene expression was significantly higher in VAT than in other major organs. VAT PAI-1 gene expression correlated with PAI-1 protein levels in both VAT and plasma. Moreover, VAT and plasma levels of PAI-1 were positively associated with AKI markers, modeling our previous clinical data. Using explant cultures of VAT, we determined that PAI-1 is secreted robustly in response to recombinant transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) treatment; however, neutralization was effective only for TNFα indicating that TGFβ is not an endogenous modulator of PAI-1. Within VAT, TNFα was localized to neutrophils and macrophages. PAI-1 protein levels were fourfold higher in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells compared with mature adipocytes, and among SVF cells, both immune and nonimmune compartments expressed PAI-1 in a similar fashion. PAI-1 was localized predominantly to macrophages within the immune compartment and preadipocytes and endothelial cells within the nonimmune compartment. Collectively, these results indicate that induction and secretion of PAI-1 from VAT is facilitated by a complex interaction among immune and nonimmune cells. As circulating PAI-1 contributes to AKI in sepsis, understanding PAI-1 regulation in VAT could yield novel strategies for reducing systemic consequences of PAI-1 overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E.C. Bruno
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Sujata Mukherjee
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Arnold J. Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Marlene E. Starr
- Aging and Critical Care Research Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Tekin Neijmann Ş, Kural A, Sever N, Doğan H, Sarıkaya S. Evaluation of renal function in rats with moderate and mild brain trauma. ULUS TRAVMA ACIL CER 2022; 28:1-7. [PMID: 34967428 PMCID: PMC10443170 DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2020.29015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to diagnose possible acute kidney injury (AKI) with new early biochemical markers in patients who were admitted to the emergency department frequently with mild and moderate brain trauma, and to prevent possible complications, shorten the duration of treatment and hospital stay. With this purpose, we decided to reach our scientific target using the experimental rat model. METHODS Wistar albino rats were included our experiment. Fifteen rats were randomly separated into three groups: Sham control (n=1: Underwent craniotomy alone), control (n=7: Without craniotomy), and trauma group (n=7: Underwent craniotomy followed by brain injury). RESULTS There were no significant differences groups creatinine levels within 0 and 24 h (0.35±0.02 and 0.33±0.03, respectively, p>0.05). Plasma NGAL and KIM1 concentrations were statistically significant different in both control and trauma groups (Friedman p<0.05) and significant differences at both NGAL and KIM-1 concentrations at dual comparisons by means of all sampling time (0-2 h, 0-24 h, and 2-24 h) (Wilcoxon p<0.001, after Bonferroni correction). CONCLUSION The presence of AKI in patients with mild-to-moderate brain trauma increases the risk of mortality. Early diagnosis of AKI reduces the hospitalization period and requiring of dialysis. Diagnosis of AKI within 24 h with early biomarkers and starting therapy is crucial issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şebnem Tekin Neijmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Health Science University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Alev Kural
- Department of Biochemistry, Health Science University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Nurten Sever
- Department of Pathology, Health Science University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Halil Doğan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Health Science University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul-Turkey
| | - Sezgin Sarıkaya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul-Turkey
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Fu K, Hu Y, Zhang H, Wang C, Lin Z, Lu H, Ji X. Insights of Worsening Renal Function in Type 1 Cardiorenal Syndrome: From the Pathogenesis, Biomarkers to Treatment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:760152. [PMID: 34970606 PMCID: PMC8712491 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.760152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-1 cardiorenal syndrome refers to acute kidney injury induced by acute worsening cardiac function. Worsening renal function is a strong and independent predictive factor for poor prognosis. Currently, several problems of the type-1 cardiorenal syndrome have not been fully elucidated. The pathogenesis mechanism of renal dysfunction is unclear. Besides, the diagnostic efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity of the existing biomarkers are doubtful. Furthermore, the renal safety of the therapeutic strategies for acute heart failure (AHF) is still ambiguous. Based on these issues, we systematically summarized and depicted the research actualities and predicaments of the pathogenesis, diagnostic markers, and therapeutic strategies of worsening renal function in type-1 cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongwei Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huixia Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoping Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Araos P, Amador CA. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as an immunomodulator in endocrine hypertension. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1006790. [PMID: 36387895 PMCID: PMC9640732 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1006790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent studies, primary aldosteronism (PA) has been reported as the most common etiology for secondary hypertension of endocrine origin, accounting for approximately 10% of cases. In PA, excess aldosterone production can lead to deleterious effects at the cardiovascular (CV) and renal levels by activating mineralocorticoid receptors, which involves an increase in pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators. Among these mediators, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a secretion glycoprotein belonging to the lipocalin superfamily, has been closely linked to CV and renal damage in several pathological conditions. Because NGAL can be detected in biofluids such as plasma and urine, it has been proposed as a damage biomarker for target tissues and has also been studied for its role in hypertension and associated with PA. NGAL is produced by many different cell types, can be carried on extracellular vesicles, and is modulated by microRNAs, which would support its use as a biomarker for endocrine hypertension due to PA. Over the last decade, studies have shown that NGAL is necessary for the development of aldosterone-induced hypertension and that is associated with end-organ damage. In addition, it has been proposed that some mechanisms are dependent on the activation of immune cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, where the release of specific cytokines (i.e., interleukin [IL]-23) or chemokines (i.e., CCL-5) induced by aldosterone would depend on NGAL. Subsequently, this activates the T helper (Th) lymphocytes, such as Th17 and Th2, resulting in CV and renal fibrosis due to the high aldosterone levels. Although the immune system has been closely associated with essential hypertension, its participation in endocrine hypertension has not been fully elucidated. This review discusses the link between NGAL and endocrine hypertension, particularly in the context of PA, and their possible regulators and mechanisms, with a focus on its role as an immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Araos
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián A. Amador
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Cristián A. Amador,
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Ijaz MU, Jabeen F, Ashraf A, Imran M, Ehsan N, Samad A, Saleemi MK, Iqbal J. Evaluation of possible protective role of Chrysin against arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1993261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faryal Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Ehsan
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Samad
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Thipsawat S. Early detection of diabetic nephropathy in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review of the literature. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2021; 18:14791641211058856. [PMID: 34791910 PMCID: PMC8606936 DOI: 10.1177/14791641211058856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a pathology of heterogeneous etiology characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from lack of insulin action, insulin secretion, or both, and the population with diabetes mellitus is predicted to be about 439 million worldwide by 2030. Prolong diabetes has been related with microvascular complications especially diabetic nephropathy. DN is the most common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. It is crucial to diagnose patients who are more sensible to develop DN for better control of the process of disease. Several factors and mechanisms contribute to the development and outcome of diabetic nephropathy. Microalbuminuria is an early marker of DN and use it as a routine for screening, but the renal damages may be happening even without microalbuminuria. There are several significant kidney damage and disease biomarkers which helps in early detection of DN. An early biomarker may allow earlier diagnosis, treatment reduces DN prevalence and slows DN progression. Therefore, this review focuses on laboratory biomarkers that are earlier, more validation of an early and specific biomarker could potentially make it possible for early diagnosis, treatment, and retardation of progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Territo A, Boissier R, Subiela JD, Gallioli A, Meneghetti I, Theil G, Regis F, Mohammed N, Fornara P, Gausa L, Guirado L, Breda A. Prospective comparative study of postoperative systemic inflammatory syndrome in robot-assisted vs. open kidney transplantation. World J Urol 2021; 40:2153-2159. [PMID: 34657175 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03836-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Robot-assisted kidney transplant (RAKT) recently proved to provide functional results similar to the preferred open kidney transplant (OKT), but with inferior wound morbidity. In a comparative prospective study, we explored the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after KT and compared OKT with RAKT. METHODS Forty-nine patients underwent pre-emptive ABO-compatible kidney transplantations (KT) between January 2017 and December 2018 in 2 centers: 25 RAKT, 24 OKT. Postoperative SIRS was biologically assessed by serum markers (NGAL, CRP and IL-6) measured at: T0 (preoperative/baseline), T1(H1), T2(H6), T3(H12), T4(H24), T5(D2), T6(D3) and T7(D5) after KT. RESULTS Inflammatory markers + eGFR were assessed in OKT vs. RAKT. IL-6 peak value occurred at H6 and reached ×9 from baseline. CRP peak occurred at H24 and reached ×28 from baseline (All P < 0.05). NGAL decreased after surgery with a plateau (divided by 2 from baseline) from H12 to D5. There was no significant difference in IL-6, CRP and NGAL kinetics and peak values between RAKT and OKT (All P > 0.05). Serum creatinine and eGFR on postoperative days 1, 3 and 7 were similar in RAKT and OKT (All P > 0.05). Delayed graft function was not observed. CONCLUSION In this exploratory study, the biological evaluation of postoperative SIRS after living-donor kidney transplant revealed no significant difference between OKT and RAKT and similar functional outcomes in the short term. These results highlight the safety of RAKT as an alternative to OKT in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Territo
- Department of Urology, Fundaciò Puigvert, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romain Boissier
- Department of Urology, Fundaciò Puigvert, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose Daniel Subiela
- Department of Urology, Fundaciò Puigvert, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Gallioli
- Department of Urology, Fundaciò Puigvert, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iacopo Meneghetti
- Department of Urology, Fundaciò Puigvert, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerit Theil
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Federica Regis
- Department of Urology, Fundaciò Puigvert, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nasreldin Mohammed
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Paolo Fornara
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - Lluis Gausa
- Department of Urology, Fundaciò Puigvert, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Guirado
- Department of Nephrology Fundaciò Puigvert, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Breda
- Department of Urology, Fundaciò Puigvert, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Mohammed M, Mohammad J, Fathi Z, Al-Hamdany M, Alkazzaz N. Comparative evaluation of cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in patients with thalassemia major versus thalassemia intermedia. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e71475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disorders are long-term complications in thalassemia patients, especially with the high life expectancy of these patients. Proper evaluation of kidney impairment in β-thalassemia patients can be difficult due to higher intake of iron chelators, resulting in renal impairment. Early biomarkers of renal disease are used for the diagnosis of tubular and glomerular abnormalities. The current study was conducted on 88 individuals, 25 healthy people and 63 β-thalassemia patients. Circulating levels of urea, creatinine, cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were measured in all groups. Compared to healthy control, patients with thalassemia major and intermedia showed a significant increase in both cystatin C and NGAL levels, with no effects on creatinine levels. Furthermore, urea levels were markedly higher in patients with thalassemia major compared to control. As early renal dysfunction markers, cystatin C and NGAL should be routinely evaluated in thalassemia patients major and intermedia.
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Hosohata K. Biomarkers of high salt intake. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 104:71-106. [PMID: 34462058 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
High salt intake is associated with hypertension, which is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). International Guidelines recommend a large reduction in the consumption of sodium to reduce blood pressure, organ damage, and mortality. In its early stages, the symptoms of CKD are generally not apparent. CKD proceeds in a "silent" manner, necessitating the need for urinary biomarkers to detect kidney damage at an early stage. Since traditional renal biomarkers, such as serum creatinine, are not sufficiently sensitive, difficulties are associated with detecting kidney damage induced by a high salt intake, particularly in normotensive individuals. Several new biomarkers for renal tubular damage, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), vanin-1, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), have recently been identified. However, few studies have investigated early biomarkers for CKD progression associated with a high salt diet. This chapter provides insights into novel biomarkers for CKD in normo- and hypertensive individuals with a high salt intake. Recent studies using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) fed a high salt diet identified urinary vanin-1 and NGAL as early biomarkers for renal tubular damage in SHR and WKY, whereas urinary KIM-1 was a useful biomarker for salt-induced renal injury in SHR only. Clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Hosohata
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
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Lee JH, Yang FJ, Tsai WY, Lee CT, Liu SY, Yang WS, Tung YC. Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a potential biomarker of diabetic kidney disease in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:832-840. [PMID: 34253435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (sNGAL) in the early detection of DKD in childhood-onset T1D patients. METHODS A total of 116 patients (mean age, 22.3 ± 6.9 years) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study. Persistent albuminuria (PA) was defined as a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g for at least two consecutive years; non-albuminuria (NA) was defined otherwise. The patients were divided into the adult (Ad) (≥18 years, n = 91) and pediatric (Ped) (<18 years, n = 25) groups and further into the Ad-PA (n = 8), Ad-NA (n = 83), Ped-PA (n = 2), and Ad-NA (n = 23) subgroups. In all groups, the sNGAL level was determined. RESULTS The mean diabetes duration was 14.2 ± 6.1 years, and 8.6% patients had PA. There was no significant difference in sNGAL levels between the PA and NA groups; notably, in adults, the sNGAL level was significantly higher in the Ad-PA than Ad-NA subgroups (P = 0.039). The sNGAL level was negatively correlated with the eGFR in adults (rho -0.41, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression models showed that higher sNGAL levels in the adult group were independent and significant determinants of a lower eGFR (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION An elevated sNGAL was significantly correlated with a decreased eGFR even in the range of normal to mildly decreased renal function. Thus, it is a potential biomarker of early deterioration of DKD in childhood-onset T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hao Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Jung Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun Lin Branch, Douliu, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiung Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Tung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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46
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Li L, Shao J, Niu W, Che H, Song F, Liu G, Lu S. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as an Early Predictor of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Following Endovascular Aortic Repair for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:10760296211025618. [PMID: 34235952 PMCID: PMC8274094 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211025618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (sNGAL) and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) as early predictors of contrast-associated acute kidney injury(contrast-induced nephropathy)following endovascular aortic repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Prospective cohort study. Subjects included 202 consecutive patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm diagnosed between February 2016 and October 2018. We divided the patients into 2 groups: contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) (n = 26) and non-CIN (n = 176). We assessed correlations between sNGAL and uNGAL concentrations and standard renal markers at baseline, 6, 24, and 48 hours post-procedure. We constructed conventional receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculated the area under the curve to assess SCr, eGFR, sNGAL, and uNGAL performance. We derived biomarker cutoff levels from ROC analysis results to maximize sensitivity and specificity values. The CIN incidence within our cohort was 12.9%. sNGAL levels correlated significantly with SCr and eGFR at baseline, 6, and 24 hours post-contrast medium exposure. Similarly, uNGAL levels correlated with SCr and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline, 6, and 24 hours post-exposure. sNGAL and uNGAL were significantly elevated as early as 6 hours post-endotherapy in the CIN group; there were only minor changes in the non-CIN group. SCr was also significantly elevated in the CIN group, but not until 48 hours post-catheterization. Both sNGAL and uNGAL may be more accurate than SCr and eGFR as early biomarkers of CIN in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm undergoing endovascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubin Li
- Xi'an JiaoTong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong, China
| | - Juan Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Wenqiang Niu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong, China
| | - Haijie Che
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong, China
| | - Fubo Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong, China
| | - Guolong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong, China
| | - Shaoying Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
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47
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Sancho-Martínez SM, Blanco-Gozalo V, Quiros Y, Prieto-García L, Montero-Gómez MJ, Docherty NG, Martínez-Salgado C, Morales AI, López-Novoa JM, López-Hernández FJ. Impaired Tubular Reabsorption Is the Main Mechanism Explaining Increases in Urinary NGAL Excretion Following Acute Kidney Injury in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2021; 175:75-86. [PMID: 32110797 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a secreted low-molecular weight iron-siderophore-binding protein. NGAL overexpression in injured tubular epithelia partly explains its utility as a sensitive and early urinary biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI). Herein, we extend mechanistic insights into the source and kinetics of urinary NGAL excretion in experimental AKI. Three models of experimental AKI were undertaken in adult male Wistar rats; renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and gentamicin (G) and cisplatin (Cisp) nephrotoxicity. Alongside standard histological and biochemical assessment of AKI, urinary NGAL excretion rate, plasma NGAL concentration, and renal NGAL mRNA/protein expression were assessed. In situ renal perfusion studies were undertaken to discriminate direct shedding of NGAL to the urine from addition of NGAL to the urine secondary to alterations in the tubular handling of glomerular filtrate-derived protein. Renal NGAL expression and urinary excretion increased in experimental AKI. In acute studies in both the IRI and G models, direct renal perfusion with Kreb's buffer eliminated urinary NGAL excretion. Addition of exogenous NGAL to the Kreb's buffer circuit, reestablishment of perfusion with systemic blood or reperfusion with renal vein effluent restored high levels of urinary NGAL excretion. Urinary NGAL excretion in AKI arises in large proportion from reduced reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate. Hence, subclinical cellular dysfunction could increase urinary NGAL, particularly in concert with elevations in circulating prerenal NGAL and/or pharmacological inhibition of tubular reabsorption. More granular interpretation of urinary NGAL measurements could optimize the scope of its clinical utility as a biomarker of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Sancho-Martínez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.,National Network for Kidney Research REDINREN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Group of Biomedical Research on Critical Care (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Víctor Blanco-Gozalo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.,National Network for Kidney Research REDINREN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaremi Quiros
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.,National Network for Kidney Research REDINREN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Prieto-García
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.,National Network for Kidney Research REDINREN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Montero-Gómez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Neil G Docherty
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin
| | - Carlos Martínez-Salgado
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.,National Network for Kidney Research REDINREN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Group of Biomedical Research on Critical Care (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain.,Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Soria, Spain
| | - Ana I Morales
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.,National Network for Kidney Research REDINREN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Group of Biomedical Research on Critical Care (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain
| | - José M López-Novoa
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.,National Network for Kidney Research REDINREN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J López-Hernández
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), Salamanca, Spain.,National Network for Kidney Research REDINREN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Group of Biomedical Research on Critical Care (BioCritic), Valladolid, Spain.,Fundación Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL), Soria, Spain
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Saleem M, Saavedra-Sánchez L, Barturen-Larrea P, Gomez JA. The Transcription Factor Sox6 Controls Renin Expression during Renal Artery Stenosis. KIDNEY360 2021; 2:842-856. [PMID: 35373064 PMCID: PMC8791336 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0002792020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Renal artery stenosis (RAStenosis) or renal artery occlusion is an intractable problem affecting about 6% of people >65 and up to 40% of people with coronary or peripheral vascular disease in the Unites States. The renal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a key role in RAStenosis, with renin (which is mainly produced in the kidney) being recognized as the driver of the disease. In this study, we will determine a new function for the transcription factor Sox6 in the control of renal renin during RAStenosis. Methods We hypothesize that knocking out Sox6 in Ren1d-positive cells will protect mice against renovascular hypertension and kidney injury. To test our hypothesis, we used a new transgenic mouse model, Ren1dcre/Sox6fl/fl (Sox6 KO), in which Sox6 is knocked out in renin-expressing cells. We used a modified two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt mouse model to induce RAStenosis and renovascular hypertension. BP was measured using the tail-cuff method. Renin, prorenin, Sox6, and NGAL expressions levels were measured with Western blot, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Creatinine levels were measured using the colorimetric assay. Results Systolic BP was significantly lower in Sox6 KO 2 weeks after RAStenosis compared with Sox6 WT (Ren1dcre/Sox6wt/wt). Renin, prorenin, and NGAL expression levels in the stenosed kidney were lower in Sox6 KO compared with Sox6 WT mice. Furthermore, creatinine clearance was preserved in Sox6 KO compared with Sox6 WT mice. Conclusions Our data indicate that Sox6 controls renal renin and prorenin expression and, as such, has a function in renovascular hypertension induced by RAStenosis. These results point to a novel transcriptional regulatory network controlled by Sox6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleem
- Clinical Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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49
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Yao YL, Gao Y. Present Situation and Research Progress of Kidney Function Recoverability Evaluation of Acute Kidney Injury Patient. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1919-1925. [PMID: 34040424 PMCID: PMC8140891 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s303348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical illness in clinic. The guideline recommendation of kidney disease for improving global outcomes regards urine volume and creatinine as standards to evaluate kidney functions. However, urine volume and creatinine have a certain delay for kidney function evaluation, and these would be interfered by many factors. Whether the renal function of AKI patients can recover is very important, which affects the quality of life of patients. Therefore, the present study reviews the application situation and research progress of the recoverability evaluation of AKI patient kidney function from three aspects: conventional indexes, biomarkers, and imaging methods of kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
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50
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Kot K, Łanocha-Arendarczyk N, Ptak M, Łanocha A, Kalisińska E, Kosik-Bogacka D. Pathomechanisms in the Kidneys in Selected Protozoan Parasitic Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4209. [PMID: 33921746 PMCID: PMC8073708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, and acanthamoebiasis are protozoan parasitic infections. They remain important contributors to the development of kidney disease, which is associated with increased patients' morbidity and mortality. Kidney injury mechanisms are not fully understood in protozoan parasitic diseases, bringing major difficulties to specific therapeutic interventions. The aim of this review is to present the biochemical and molecular mechanisms in kidneys infected with Leishmania spp., Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Acanthamoeba spp. We present available mechanisms of an immune response, oxidative stress, apoptosis process, hypoxia, biomarkers of renal injury in the serum or urine, and the histopathological changes of kidneys infected with the selected parasites. Pathomechanisms of Leishmania spp. and Plasmodium spp. infections have been deeply investigated, while Toxoplasma gondii and Acanthamoeba spp. infections in the kidneys are not well known yet. Deeper knowledge of kidney involvement in leishmaniasis and malaria by presenting their mechanisms provides insight into how to create novel and effective treatments. Additionally, the presented work shows gaps in the pathophysiology of renal toxoplasmosis and acanthamoebiasis, which need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kot
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (N.Ł.-A.); (E.K.)
| | - Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (N.Ł.-A.); (E.K.)
| | - Michał Ptak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Łanocha
- Department of Haematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Kalisińska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (N.Ł.-A.); (E.K.)
| | - Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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