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Ugusman A, Hisam NSN, Othman NS, Anuar NNM, Hamid AA, Kumar J, Razmi MM, Aminuddin A. Pharmacological interventions for intraplaque neovascularization in atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 261:108685. [PMID: 38977083 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Advanced atherosclerosis is linked to plaque instability, which can result in rupture and the onset of a heart attack. Evidence gathered from human atheroma plaques indicates that intraplaque neovascularization poses a risk to plaque stability and may lead to plaque hemorrhage. Hence, targeting the neovascularization within the atheroma plaque has the potential to mitigate the plaque's vulnerability. While neovascularization has been extensively explored in the context of cancer, research on pharmacological inhibition of this phenomenon in atherosclerosis remains limited. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively assess current and emerging pharmacological interventions for inhibiting intraplaque neovascularization in preclinical settings. Electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Ovid) were searched from January 2013 until February 1, 2024. Preclinical studies reporting the effect of any pharmacological interventions targeting intraplaque neovascularization were included. A total of 10 articles involving in vivo animal studies were eligible for inclusion, with five of them incorporating in vitro experiments to complement their in vivo findings. The pharmacological interventions studied were axitinib, ghrelin, K5, rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, 3PO, everolimus, melatonin, Si-Miao-Yong-A, and protocatechuic aldehyde. All the interventions showed a positive impact in inhibiting intraplaque neovascularization in various atherosclerotic animal models through various signaling pathways. This review provides valuable insights into pharmacological approaches to attenuate intraplaque neovascularization that could serve as a promising therapeutic avenue to enhance plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Syahidah Nor Hisam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syakirah Othman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adila A Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maisarah Md Razmi
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ma Y, Yang X, Ning K, Guo H. M1/M2 macrophage-targeted nanotechnology and PROTAC for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2024; 352:122811. [PMID: 38862062 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play key roles in atherosclerosis progression, and an imbalance in M1/M2 macrophages leads to unstable plaques; therefore, M1/M2 macrophage polarization-targeted treatments may serve as a new approach in the treatment of atherosclerosis. At present, there is little research on M1/M2 macrophage polarization-targeted nanotechnology. Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology, a targeted protein degradation technology, mediates the degradation of target proteins and has been widely promoted in preclinical and clinical applications as a novel therapeutic modality. This review summarizes the recent studies on M1/M2 macrophage polarization-targeted nanotechnology, focusing on the mechanism and advantages of PROTACs in M1/M2 macrophage polarization as a new approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Ma
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ke Ning
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Haidong Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Chai Q, Guo C, Li L, Cao J, Liu H, Lu Z. Association of angiogenesis-associated genes with atherosclerotic plaque progression, intraplaque hemorrhage, and immune infiltration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32692. [PMID: 39183847 PMCID: PMC11341292 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that intraplaque angiogenesis is associated with the progression of atherosclerotic plaques and the development of intraplaque hemorrhage. The specificity of intraplaque immune cell infiltration may be associated with abnormalities in the structure and function of the nascent capillaries. Here, we analyzed expression levels of angiogenesis-associated genes in early and advanced carotid atheromatous plaque tissues as well as in stable and intraplaque hemorrhage plaques. Expression profiles of advanced arterial plaques based on angiogenesis-associated genes were classified into subtypes by performing a consensus clustering analysis. The correlation between the immune microenvironment of plaques and expression of angiogenesis-associated genes was also explored using the single sample gene set enrichment analysis method and the CIBERSORT algorithm. We identified hub angiogenesis-associated genes showing similar expression patterns throughout plaque adverse progression, and constructed a prediction model using the random forest algorithm. Receiver operating curves were constructed to evaluate efficacy in identification of intraplaque hemorrhage in a plaque. Our results suggest that heterogeneity of angiogenesis-related genes may promote the malignant development of plaques and cause plaque rupture. In conclusion, we propose a model based on expression of angiogenesis-related genes to predict the risk of plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyou Chai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, And the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Chunling Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, And the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Zhaoyang Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, And the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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Li Y, Zhang L, Yang W, Lin L, Pan J, Lu M, Zhang Z, Li Y, Li C. Notoginsenoside R 1 decreases intraplaque neovascularization by governing pericyte-endothelial cell communication via Ang1/Tie2 axis in atherosclerosis. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38886264 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis represents the major cause of mortality worldwide and triggers higher risk of acute cardiovascular events. Pericytes-endothelial cells (ECs) communication is orchestrated by ligand-receptor interaction generating a microenvironment which results in intraplaque neovascularization, that is closely associated with atherosclerotic plaque instability. Notoginsenoside R1 (R1) exhibits anti-atherosclerotic bioactivity, but its effect on angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaque remains elusive. The aim of our study is to explore the therapeutic effect of R1 on vulnerable plaque and investigate its potential mechanism against intraplaque neovascularization. The impacts of R1 on plaque stability and intraplaque neovascularization were assessed in ApoE-/- mice induced by high-fat diet. Pericytes-ECs direct or non-direct contact co-cultured with VEGF-A stimulation were used as the in vitro angiogenesis models. Overexpressing Ang1 in pericytes was performed to investigate the underlying mechanism. In vivo experiments, R1 treatment reversed atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and decreased the presence of neovessels in ApoE-/- mice. Additionally, R1 reduced the expression of Ang1 in pericytes. In vitro experiments demonstrated that R1 suppressed pro-angiogenic behavior of ECs induced by pericytes cultured with VEGF-A. Mechanistic studies revealed that the anti-angiogenic effect of R1 was dependent on the inhibition of Ang1 and Tie2 expression, as the effects were partially reversed after Ang1 overexpressing in pericytes. Our study demonstrated that R1 treatment inhibited intraplaque neovascularization by governing pericyte-EC association via suppressing Ang1-Tie2/PI3K-AKT paracrine signaling pathway. R1 represents a novel therapeutic strategy for atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyuan Pan
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mengkai Lu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Li B, Lu M, Wang H, Sheng S, Guo S, Li J, Tian Y. Macrophage Ferroptosis Promotes MMP2/9 Overexpression Induced by Hemin in Hemorrhagic Plaque. Thromb Haemost 2024; 124:568-580. [PMID: 37696298 DOI: 10.1055/a-2173-3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-plaque hemorrhage (IPH) leads to rapid plaque progression and instability through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen degradation. Hemoglobin-derived hemin during IPH promotes plaque instability. We investigated whether hemin affects MMP overexpression in macrophages and explored the underlying mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vivo, hemorrhagic plaque models were established in rabbits and ApoE-/- mice. Ferrostatin-1 was used to inhibit ferroptosis. Plaque size, collagen, and MMP2/9 levels were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, H&E, Sirius Red, and Masson staining. In vitro, mouse peritoneal macrophages were extracted. Western blot and ELISA were used to measure MMP2/9 levels. Bioinformatics analysis investigated the association between MMPs and ferroptosis pathway genes. Macrophage ferroptosis was assessed by evaluating cell viability, lipid reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial ultrastructure, iron content, and COX2 levels after pretreatment with cell death inhibitors. Hemin's impact on ferroptosis and MMP expression was studied using Ferrostatin-1 and SB202190. RESULTS In the rabbit hemorrhagic plaques, hemin deposition and overexpression of MMP2/9 were observed, particularly in macrophage-enriched regions. In vitro, hemin induced ferroptosis and MMP2/9 expression in macrophages. Ferrostatin-1 and SB202190 inhibited hemin-induced MMP2/9 overexpression. Ferrostatin-1 inhibited p38 phosphorylation in macrophages. Ferostatin-1 inhibits macrophage ferroptosis, reduces MMP2/9 levels in plaques, and stabilizes the hemorrhagic plaques. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that hemin-induced macrophage ferroptosis promotes p38 pathway activation and MMP2/9 overexpression, which may play a crucial role in increasing hemorrhagic plaque vulnerability. These findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic plaques and suggest that targeting macrophage ferroptosis may be a promising strategy for stabilizing vulnerable plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Minqiao Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, P. R. China
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Li W, Liu Y, Liu J, Guo Q, Li J, Wang A, Zheng H. Remnant cholesterol is associated with unstable carotid plaque in a neurologically healthy population. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024:svn-2023-002888. [PMID: 38754970 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remnant cholesterol (RC) is considered to be one of the most significant and important risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Nonetheless, the association between RC and unstable carotid plaque remains unclear. Our primary objective is to ascertain whether RC exhibits an independent and significant association with unstable carotid plaque in a neurologically healthy population. METHODS In the cross-sectional study, we enrolled neurologically healthy participants who visited our centre for health checkups between 2021 and 2022. All eligible participants underwent a standardised questionnaire, physical examinations and laboratory testing. The carotid plaque was evaluated with a standard carotid ultrasound and an advanced ultrasound imaging technique called superb microvascular imaging. The correlation between lipids and unstable carotid plaque was primarily assessed utilising univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The study totally enrolled 1100 participants who had an average age of 57.00 years (IQR: 49.00-63.00), with 67.55% being men. Among the participants, 321 (29.18%) had unstable carotid plaque. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher RC had an independent association with an elevated incidence of unstable carotid plaque compared with the lowest concentrations of RC (OR=1.673, 95% CI 1.113 to 2.515, p=0.0134), but not other lipids. In addition, apolipoprotein A1 was negatively related to unstable carotid plaque (OR=0.549, 95% CI 0.364 to 0.830, p=0.0045). CONCLUSIONS Elevated concentrations of RC are independently and excellently correlated with unstable carotid plaque within a neurologically healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Health Management Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qirui Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaguang Zheng
- Health Management Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Han Y, Ren L, Fei X, Wang J, Chen T, Guo J, Wang Q. Effect of combining evolocumab with statin on carotid intraplaque neovascularization in patients with premature coronary artery disease (EPOCH). Atherosclerosis 2024; 391:117471. [PMID: 38493669 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to explore the effect of PCSK9 inhibitor based on the background of statin on carotid intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) assessed by serial contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) analysis in Chinese patients with premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). METHODS 41 patients were included to receive treatments with biweekly evolocumab (n = 22) or placebo (n = 19) in addition to statin therapy for 52 weeks. All patients were newly diagnosed with PCAD and treatments were initiated at baseline of the observations. Baseline and 52-week CEUS were acquired to measure the max plaque height (MPH) and IPN. The primary outcome was the 52-week IPN changes, the secondary endpoints included the 52-week MPH changes and major adverse cardiovascular events. RESULTS The mean ± SD age of the participants was 46.76 ± 8.56 years, and 61% (25/41) of patients were on statins before the start of the study. There was no statistically significant difference in the history of statins treatment and the initiated lipid-lowering therapy of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin between groups (p > 0.05). At 52 weeks, the evolocumab group showed a lower LDL level (0.84 ± 0.45 mmol/L vs. 1.58 ± 0.51 mmol/L, p < 0.001) and a greater decrease in percent reduction of LDL-C level (-65% vs. -32%) and a higher percent of achieving lipid-lowering target (95% vs. 53%, p < 0.05) compared with the placebo group. At 52 weeks, IPN (evolocumab group: 0.50 ± 0.60 vs. 1.50 ± 0.80, p < 0.001; placebo group: 0.79 ± 0.54 vs. 1.26 ± 0.65, p < 0.05) and MPH (evolocumab group: 2.01 ± 0.44 mm vs. 2.57 ± 0.90 mm, p < 0.05, placebo group: 2.21 ± 0.58 mm vs. 2.92 ± 0.86 mm, p < 0.05) reduced significantly in both groups from baseline to 52-week follow-up. IPN and MPH were decreased by both treatments. Still, there was no significant difference in delta (52 weeks - baseline) MPH by an ANOVA analysis between the two groups [evolocumab group: -0.56 mm (2.01 mm-2.57 mm); placebo group: -0.71 mm (2.21 mm-2.92 mm), p > 0.05]. In the evolocumab group, the change in the mean reduction of IPN from baseline [-1.00 (0.50-1.50) vs. -0.47 (0.79-1.26), p < 0.05] and the incidence of patients with carotid IPN decrease were significantly greater reduction (90% vs. 58%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS If compared to placebo, the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab combined with statins resulted in a greater decrease in LDL-C and plaque neovascularization in Chinese patients with PCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Han
- Department of Cardiology, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Ling Ren
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; The Second Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China.
| | - Xiang Fei
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Lan Y, Shang J, Ma Y, Zhen Y, Dang Y, Ren D, Liu T, Ju R, Guo N, Wang X, Hou Y. A new predictor of coronary artery disease in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients: pericarotid fat density. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:1667-1676. [PMID: 37672057 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aims to evaluate the incremental predictive value of pericarotid fat density (PFD) on head and neck computed tomography angiography (CTA) for the obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (≥ 50% stenosis) relative to a clinical risk model (Framingham risk score (FRS)) and the degree of carotid artery stenosis and plaque type in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients without a known history of CAD. METHODS In a cohort of 134 consecutive stable patients diagnosed with AIS or TIA undergoing head and neck CTA between January 2010 and December 2021, pericarotid adipose tissue density (PFD) was quantified using a dedicated software. We collected demographic and clinical data, assessed the risk of CAD using the FRS, and analyzed coronary and carotid artery CTA images. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations between FRS, PFD, CTA variables, and obstructive CAD risk. Four prediction models were established to evaluate the incremental predictive value of PFD relative to FRS, stenosis degree, and plaque types. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated, and the areas under the curves (AUC) were compared. RESULTS Increasing FRS, stenosis degree, and PFD values were positively correlated with obstructive CAD (all p < 0.05). In the predictive models for obstructive CAD, the model incorporating carotid stenosis exhibited superior predictive performance compared to FRS alone (p < 0.05). Moreover, the predictive model integrating PFD demonstrated enhanced performance and yielded the highest AUC of the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC = 0.783), with sensitivity and specificity values of 86.89% and 65.75%, respectively. CONCLUSION CTA-derived PFD measurements offer supplementary predictive value for obstructive CAD beyond FRS and stenosis, thereby facilitating improved risk stratification of TIA or stroke patients without a history of CAD history. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT CTA-derived PFD provides incremental predictive value for obstructive coronary artery disease in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients without CAD history, beyond Framingham risk score and carotid artery stenosis degree, improving risk stratification. KEY POINTS • Pericarotid fat density is associated with obstructive coronary artery disease in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients. • Higher pericarotid fat density corresponds to an increased risk of obstructive coronary artery disease. • Estimation of pericarotid fat density using computed tomography angiography imparts additional predictive value for obstructive CAD in risk stratification of acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lan
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanhua Zhen
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuxue Dang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dongqing Ren
- Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, No. 33, Wenyi Road, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ronghui Ju
- Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, No. 33, Wenyi Road, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Clinical Research, Philips Healthcare, No. 1 Jiuxianqiao East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan City, 250000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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Cui X, Gao B, Yu Y, Gu Y, Hu L. Chronic Administration of Methamphetamine Aggravates Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaques in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice Fed with a High-cholesterol Diet. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:495-504. [PMID: 36944618 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230321095233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been observed previously that chronic methamphetamine (METH) administration could upregulate neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression and promote atherosclerotic formation in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed with a normal cholesterol or high diet and NPY might be involved in the pathogenesis of METHinduced atherogenic effects through NPY Y1 receptor pathway. Vulnerable coronary atherosclerotic plaque (VP) is a critical pathological finding responsible for the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In this study, we explored whether METH abuse could aggravate the formation of VP in ApoE-/- mice fed with high cholesterol diet. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to observe if chronic METH administration could aggravate vulnerable plaque (VP) formation in ApoE-/- mice fed with a highcholesterol diet. METHODS Male ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-cholesterol diet were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline (NS) or 8 mg/kg/day METH (M8) for 24 weeks. Body weight was monitored from baseline to 24 weeks at 2 weeks intervals. After 24 weeks of treatment, plasma lipid variables were measured. Movat's staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed on frozen sections of the aortic roots to calculate VP percentage and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) percentage and detect expression of NPY, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and CD31. In vitro, the expressions of Y2R, VEGF, and CD31 were detected by immunofluorescence staining in aortic endothelial cells incubated with PBS, 100μM METH, 10nmol NPY, or 100μM METH plus 10nmol NPY for 12 hours. RESULTS The CD31 positive area, percentage of IPH, VP, and the expressions of NPY and VEGF were significantly increased in the M8 group than in the NS group. In vitro, the expressions of Y2R, VEGF, and CD31 were significantly increased in the METH+NPY group than in the PBS, METH, and NPY groups and these effects could be blunted by treatment with a Y2R antagonist or DPPIV inhibitor. CONCLUSION Chronic METH administration could aggravate VP in ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-cholesterol diet, possibly through upregulating vascular NPY and VEGF expression and promoting angiogenesis and vessel rupture in atherosclerotic plaques. Our findings indicated that increased VP formation might contribute to the development of acute coronary syndrome post-chronic METH abuse by activating DPPIV/NPY/Y2R pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/etiology
- Methamphetamine/adverse effects
- Methamphetamine/administration & dosage
- Methamphetamine/pharmacology
- Mice
- Male
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Apolipoproteins E/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/chemically induced
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Cholesterol, Dietary/adverse effects
- Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Puai Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Puai Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Puai Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Puai Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liqun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Puai Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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10
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Kopyto E, Czeczelewski M, Mikos E, Stępniak K, Kopyto M, Matuszek M, Nieoczym K, Czarnecki A, Kuczyńska M, Cheda M, Drelich-Zbroja A, Jargiełło T. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Feasibility in Assessing Carotid Plaque Vulnerability-Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6416. [PMID: 37835061 PMCID: PMC10573420 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk assessment for carotid atherosclerotic lesions involves not only determining the degree of stenosis but also plaque morphology and its composition. Recently, carotid contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has gained importance for evaluating vulnerable plaques. This review explores CEUS's utility in detecting carotid plaque surface irregularities and ulcerations as well as intraplaque neovascularization and its alignment with histology. Initial indications suggest that CEUS might have the potential to anticipate cerebrovascular incidents. Nevertheless, there is a need for extensive, multicenter prospective studies that explore the relationships between CEUS observations and patient clinical outcomes in cases of carotid atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kopyto
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-594 Lublin, Poland; (E.K.); (E.M.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (M.M.); (K.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Marcin Czeczelewski
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-594 Lublin, Poland; (E.K.); (E.M.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (M.M.); (K.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Eryk Mikos
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-594 Lublin, Poland; (E.K.); (E.M.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (M.M.); (K.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Karol Stępniak
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-594 Lublin, Poland; (E.K.); (E.M.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (M.M.); (K.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Maja Kopyto
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-594 Lublin, Poland; (E.K.); (E.M.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (M.M.); (K.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Małgorzata Matuszek
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-594 Lublin, Poland; (E.K.); (E.M.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (M.M.); (K.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Karolina Nieoczym
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-594 Lublin, Poland; (E.K.); (E.M.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (M.M.); (K.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Adam Czarnecki
- Students’ Scientific Society, Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-594 Lublin, Poland; (E.K.); (E.M.); (K.S.); (M.K.); (M.M.); (K.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Maryla Kuczyńska
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-594 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.D.-Z.); (T.J.)
| | - Mateusz Cheda
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-594 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.D.-Z.); (T.J.)
| | - Anna Drelich-Zbroja
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-594 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.D.-Z.); (T.J.)
| | - Tomasz Jargiełło
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-594 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (M.C.); (A.D.-Z.); (T.J.)
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11
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Burke-Kleinman J, Gotlieb AI. Progression of Arterial Vasa Vasorum from Regulator of Arterial Homeostasis to Promoter of Atherogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1468-1484. [PMID: 37356574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The vasa vasorum (vessels of vessels) are a dynamic microvascular system uniquely distributed to maintain physiological homeostasis of the artery wall by supplying nutrients and oxygen to the outer layers of the artery wall, adventitia, and perivascular adipose tissue, and in large arteries, to the outer portion of the medial layer. Vasa vasorum endothelium and contractile mural cells regulate direct access of bioactive cells and factors present in both the systemic circulation and the arterial perivascular adipose tissue and adventitia to the artery wall. Experimental and human data show that proatherogenic factors and cells gain direct access to the artery wall via the vasa vasorum and may initiate, promote, and destabilize the plaque. Activation and growth of vasa vasorum occur in all blood vessel layers primarily by angiogenesis, producing fragile and permeable new microvessels that may cause plaque hemorrhage and fibrous cap rupture. Ironically, invasive therapies, such as angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting, injure the vasa vasorum, leading to treatment failures. The vasa vasorum function both as a master integrator of arterial homeostasis and, once perturbed or injured, as a promotor of atherogenesis. Future studies need to be directed at establishing reliable in vivo and in vitro models to investigate the cellular and molecular regulation of the function and dysfunction of the arterial vasa vasorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Burke-Kleinman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Avrum I Gotlieb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Huang Z, Cheng XQ, Liu YN, Bi XJ, Deng YB. Value of Intraplaque Neovascularization on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in Predicting Ischemic Stroke Recurrence in Patients With Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque. Korean J Radiol 2023; 24:338-348. [PMID: 36907591 PMCID: PMC10067694 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2022.0977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with a history of ischemic stroke are at risk for a second ischemic stroke. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between carotid plaque enhancement on perfluorobutane microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and future recurrent stroke, and to determine whether plaque enhancement can contribute to risk assessment for recurrent stroke compared with the Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study screened 151 patients with recent ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerotic plaques at our hospital between August 2020 and December 2020. A total of 149 eligible patients underwent carotid CEUS, and 130 patients who were followed up for 15-27 months or until stroke recurrence were analyzed. Plaque enhancement on CEUS was investigated as a possible risk factor for stroke recurrence and as a possible adjunct to ESRS. RESULTS During follow-up, 25 patients (19.2%) experienced recurrent stroke. Patients with plaque enhancement on CEUS had an increased risk of stroke recurrence events (22/73, 30.1%) compared to those without plaque enhancement (3/57, 5.3%), with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 38.264 (95% confidence interval [CI]:14.975-97.767; P < 0.001) according to a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model analysis, indicating that the presence of carotid plaque enhancement was a significant independent predictor of recurrent stroke. When plaque enhancement was added to the ESRS, the HR for stroke recurrence in the high-risk group compared to that in the low-risk group (2.188; 95% CI, 0.025-3.388) was greater than that of the ESRS alone (1.706; 95% CI, 0.810-9.014). A net of 32.0% of the recurrence group was reclassified upward appropriately by the addition of plaque enhancement to the ESRS. CONCLUSION Carotid plaque enhancement was a significant and independent predictor of stroke recurrence in patients with ischemic stroke. Furthermore, the addition of plaque enhancement improved the risk stratification capability of the ESRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Qing Cheng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Ni Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Bi
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - You-Bin Deng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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13
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Wang Z, Zhang L, Li L, Zhou M. Loss of OTUD6B Stimulates Angiogenesis and Promotes Diabetic Atherosclerosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3027-3038. [PMID: 36200061 PMCID: PMC9527820 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s380986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Angiogenesis is an essential promoter of atherosclerotic plaque rupture. However, the mechanism of its regulation is not understood. OTUD6B regulates cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. We investigated the role of OTUD6B in angiogenesis in diabetic atherosclerotic plaques. Patients and Methods The expression of OTUD6B was analyzed by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and evaluated by Immunofluorescence in human anterior tibial arteries from diabetic amputees and ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, we constructed a mouce model of diabetic atherosclerosis and used the mice to study the effect of OTUD6B downregulation in vivo by injecting them with AAV-shOTUD6B. Mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (MBVECs) were treated with normal glucose and high lipid (NG/HL) or high glucose and high lipid (HG/HL), and siOTUD6B was used to investigate the effect of OTUD6B on proliferation, migration, and lumen formation of endothelial cells. Results We found that OTUD6B expression was markedly downregulated in human anterior tibial arteries from diabetic amputees and ApoE-/- mice. The silencing of OTUD6B resulted in diabetic atherosclerotic mice plaque instability and increased angiogenesis. In addition, the silencing of OTUD6B expression enhanced the proliferation, migration, and lumen formation of endothelial cells. Conclusion OTUD6B can reduce angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaques, enhance plaque stability and delay the progression of atherosclerosis by regulating the proliferation, migration, and lumen formation of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengxue Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People’s Republic of China
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14
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From Iron Metabolism to Ferroptosis: Pathologic Changes in Coronary Heart Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6291889. [PMID: 35993022 PMCID: PMC9385341 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6291889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is closely related to oxidative stress and inflammatory response and is the most common cardiovascular disease (CVD). Iron is an essential mineral that participates in many physiological and biochemical reactions in the human body. Meanwhile, on the negative side, iron has an active redox capacity, which leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. There is growing evidence that disordered iron metabolism is involved in CHD's pathological progression. And the result of disordered iron metabolism is associated with iron overload-induced programmed cell death, often called ferroptosis. That features iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis may play a crucial role in the development of CHD, and targeting ferroptosis may be a promising option for treating CHD. Here, we review the mechanisms of iron metabolism in cardiomyocytes (CMs) and explain the correlation between iron metabolism and ferroptosis. Meanwhile, we highlight the specific roles of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in the main pathological progression of CHD.
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15
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Monocyte Phenotypes and Physical Activity in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081529. [PMID: 36009247 PMCID: PMC9404804 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is associated with low-grade inflammation involving circulating monocytes. It has been shown that the levels of intermediate pro-inflammatory monocytes are associated with cardiovascular mortality and risk of ischemic stroke. It also has been shown that physical activity (PA) decreases inflammation markers, incidence of strokes, and mortality. In this cross-sectional study, we tested the effect of PA on circulating monocytes phenotype rate. A total of 29 patients with a carotid stenosis > 50% were recruited. Levels of physical activity (MET.min/week) were measured by the GPAQ questionnaire, arterial samples of blood were collected to analyze monocyte phenotype (classical, intermediate and non-classical) assessed by flow cytometry, and venous blood samples were used to dose antioxidant activity and oxidative damage. Antioxidant capacity was reduced and oxidative damage increased in patients. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of classical and intermediate monocytes in moderately active patients as compared with non-active and highly active patients. Inversely, the rate of non-classical monocytes increased in moderately active patients. Intense PA appears to blunt the beneficial effects of moderate PA. Our study also suggests that PA could be beneficial in such patients by reducing the rate of intermediate monocytes known to predict the risk of ischemic stroke and by increasing the non-classical monocytes involved in lesions’ healing. Nevertheless, a longitudinal study would be necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
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16
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Zeeshan M, Yousaf S, Ahmed A, Bahadar H, Ali U, Jabeen S, Hussain HU, Mumtaz H, Hasan M. Co-relation of Monocyte Count in High vs. Low Thrombus Burden ST-Segment Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Cureus 2022; 14:e24344. [PMID: 35607551 PMCID: PMC9123895 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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Guzmán-Oyarzo D, Hernández-Montelongo J, Rosas C, Leal P, Weber H, Alvear M, Salazar LA. Controlled Release of Caffeic Acid and Pinocembrin by Use of nPSi-βCD Composites Improves Their Antiangiogenic Activity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030484. [PMID: 35335862 PMCID: PMC8955862 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although polyphenols have great pharmacological potential, the main disadvantage is that they have low bioavailability at the desired site. Thus, the use of biocompatible systems for drug delivery is a strategy that is currently gaining great interest. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of microencapsulation of caffeic acid and pinocembrin on the antioxidant and antiangiogenic activity of both polyphenols, by the use of nPSi-βCD composite microparticles. For this HUVEC, cells were exposed to H2O2 and to treatments with polyphenols in solution and loaded in the composite microparticle. The polyphenols were incorporated into a microparticle using nanoporous silicon, chitosan and a β-cyclodextrin polymer as the biomaterial. The evaluation of the antiangiogenic effect of the treatments with polyphenols in solution and microencapsulated was carried out through functional tests, and the changes in the expression of target genes associated with the antioxidant pathway and angiogenesis was performed through qPCR. The results obtained show that the caffeic acid and pinocembrin have an antioxidant and antiangiogenic activity, both in solution as microencapsulated. In the caffeic acid, a greater biological effect was observed when it was incorporated into the nPSi-βCD composite microparticle. Our results suggest that the nPSi-βCD composite microparticle could be used as an alternative oral drug administration system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Guzmán-Oyarzo
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, General Cruz 1577, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Jacobo Hernández-Montelongo
- Bioproducts and Advanced Materials Research Center (BioMA), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4813302, Chile;
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, General Lagos 1163, Valdivia 5110693, Chile;
| | - Pamela Leal
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CETM) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (P.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CETM) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile; (P.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Marysol Alvear
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-45-259-6724
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18
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Mura M, Rivoire E, Dehina-Khenniche L, Weiss-Gayet M, Chazaud B, Faes C, Connes P, Long A, Rytz CL, Mury P, Delrieu L, Gouraud E, Bordet M, Schiava ND, Lermusiaux P, Arsicot M, Millon A, Pialoux V. Effectiveness of an individualized home-based physical activity program in surgery-free non-endarterectomized asymptomatic stroke patients: a study protocol for the PACAPh interventional randomized trial. Trials 2022; 23:145. [PMID: 35164816 PMCID: PMC8842739 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carotid atherosclerotic plaques remain silent until their rupture, which may lead to detrimental ischemic events such as strokes. This is due, in part, to intraplaque hemorrhages (IPH) and the resulting inflammatory processes, which may promote carotid plaque vulnerability. Currently, the benefits of carotid endarterectomy remain unclear for asymptomatic patients. Interestingly, the completion of physical activity (PA) may have beneficial effects; however, the paucity of current data warrants robust longitudinal interventions. We therefore aim to study the effects of a 6-month longitudinal personalized home-based PA program on IPH, biological, and inflammatory markers in asymptomatic stroke patients. Methods Eighty patients (≥ 18 years old) will be recruited for the Physical Activity and Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Hemorrhage (PACAPh) clinical trial from the Hospices Civils de Lyon. Patients will be eligible if they present with carotid stenosis ≥ 50% and are asymptomatic from any ischemic events for at least 6 months. Recruited patients will be randomized into either a PA or a control group, and assessed at baseline and after 6 months. At both time points, all patients will be assessed using magnetic resonance imaging to assess IPH, blood sampling to measure inflammatory markers and monocytic phenotyping, PA and sedentary behavior questionnaires, 6-min walking test, and maximal isometric quadricep contraction test. The randomized PA intervention will consist of reaching a daily walking step goal individually tailored to each patient. Steps will be collected using a wirelessly connected wristband. The number of steps completed by individuals in the PA group will be re-evaluated bimonthly to encourage walking habits. Discussion The PACAPh study is the first of its kind representing a feasible, easily accessible therapeutic strategy for asymptomatic stroke patients. We hypothesize that the personalized home-based PA program will reduce IPH and modulate inflammatory and biological parameters in patients presenting with carotid plaques. If the results of the PACAPh study prove to be beneficial on such health parameters, the implementation of such kind of intervention in the daily treatment of these patients would be an advantageous and cost-effective practice to adopt globally. Trial registration This study has been approved by the National Ethics Committee (IDRCB:2019-A01543-54/SI:19.06.21.40640). ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04053166
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19
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Rami AZA, Hamid AA, Anuar NNM, Aminuddin A, Ugusman A. Exploring the Relationship of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Inflammation and the Development of Vascular Pathologies. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2734321. [PMID: 35177953 PMCID: PMC8846975 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2734321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially thought to only provide mechanical support for the underlying blood vessels, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has now emerged as a regulator of vascular function. A healthy PVAT exerts anticontractile and anti-inflammatory actions on the underlying vasculature via the release of adipocytokines such as adiponectin, nitric oxide, and omentin. However, dysfunctional PVAT produces more proinflammatory adipocytokines such as leptin, resistin, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thus inducing an inflammatory response that contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. In this review, current knowledge on the role of PVAT inflammation in the development of vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and hypertension was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifah Zahirah Abd Rami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adila A. Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Center for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Guo Y, Zhao H, Lin Z, Ye T, Xu D, Zeng Q. Heme in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Ubiquitous Dangerous Molecule Worthy of Vigilance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:781839. [PMID: 35127704 PMCID: PMC8807526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme, the protoporphyrin IX iron complex is widely present in the human body and it is involved in oxygen storage, electron transfer, and enzymatic reactions. However, free heme can be toxic as it catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species, oxidizes lipids and proteins, and causes DNA damage, thereby inducing a pro-inflammatory environment. The generation, metabolism, and degradation of heme in the human body are regulated by precise mechanisms to ensure that heme remains non-toxic. However, in several types of cardiovascular diseases, impaired metabolism and exposure to heme may occur in pathological processes, including neovascularization, internal hemorrhage, ischemia, and reperfusion. Based on years of research, in this review, we aimed to summarize the underlying mechanisms by which heme contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases through oxidative stress, relative pathway gene expression regulation and phenotypic changes in cells. Excess heme plays a detrimental role in atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, degenerative aortic valve stenosis, cardiac iron overload. Recent researches revealed that in some cases heme involved in cardiac damage though ferroptosis. Thus, heme concentrations beyond normal levels are dangerous. Further research on the role of heme in cardiovascular diseases is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Taochun Ye
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingchun Zeng, ; Dingli Xu,
| | - Qingchun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingchun Zeng, ; Dingli Xu,
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21
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Niu M, Li H, Li X, Yan X, Ma A, Pan X, Zhu X. Circulating Exosomal miRNAs as Novel Biomarkers Perform Superior Diagnostic Efficiency Compared With Plasma miRNAs for Large-Artery Atherosclerosis Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:791644. [PMID: 34899352 PMCID: PMC8661454 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, exosomal miRNAs have been reported to be associated with some diseases, and these miRNAs can be used for diagnosis and treatment. However, diagnostic biomarkers of exosomal miRNAs for ischemic stroke have rarely been studied. In the present study, we aimed to identify exosomal miRNAs that are associated with large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke, the most common subtype of ischemic stroke; to further verify their diagnostic efficiency; and to obtain promising biomarkers. High-throughput sequencing was performed on samples from 10 subjects. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed on exosomes and plasma in the discovery phase (66 subjects in total) and the validation phase (520 subjects in total). We identified 5 candidate differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-369-3p, miR-493-3p, miR-379-5p, miR-1296-5p, and miR-1277-5p) in the discovery phase according to their biological functions, 4 of which (miR-369-3p, miR-493-3p, miR-379-5p, and miR-1296-5p) were confirmed in the validation phase. These four exosomal miRNAs could be used to distinguish LAA samples from small artery occlusion (SAO) samples, LAA samples from atherosclerosis (AS) samples, and LAA samples from control samples and were superior to plasma miRNAs. In addition, composite biomarkers achieved higher area under the curve (AUC) values than single biomarkers. According to our analysis, the expression levels of exosomal miR-493-3p and miR-1296-5p were negatively correlated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. The four identified exosomal miRNAs are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of LAA stroke, and their diagnostic efficiency is superior to that of their counterparts in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Niu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aijun Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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22
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Song Y, Xing H, Zhang Z, Felix LO. Detection of Carotid Atherosclerotic Intraplaque Neovascularization Using Superb Microvascular Imaging: A Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2021; 40:2629-2638. [PMID: 33587302 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although superb microvascular imaging (SMI) (Toshiba/Canon, Tokyo, Japan) has enabled routine characterization of intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) features in patients with carotid stenosis, no reports have been published on the multicenter and large sample size research in this aspect. The efficacy of SMI in detecting carotid IPN has not been concluded. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of SMI comparing with contrast-enhanced carotid ultrasonography (CEUS) in the detection of carotid IPN or pathologic evaluations of IPN correlated with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). METHODS Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched up to August 2020 to identify peer-reviewed human studies on the diagnostic accuracy of SMI in detecting IPN. For the selected study, the correlation coefficient R and Kappa index between SMI and CEUS in detecting IPN were calculated. The correlation coefficient R between SMI in identifying IPN and pathologic evaluations of IPN and the odds ratio of IPN detected by SMI and history of stroke or TIA were also extracted. The subgroup analysis was performed to indicate the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS Our search identified 11 reports enrolling a total of 605 carotid stenosis patients. Carotid IPN detected by SMI was significantly correlated with which detected by CEUS (R, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.94; P = .00, and Kappa index, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.67-0.80; P = .00). Notably, a significant correlation was observed in SMI in detecting IPN and pathologic evaluations of IPN (R, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.40-0.62; P = .00). The odds ratio of IPN detected by SMI and history of stroke or TIA was pooled summary with statistical significance (OR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.78-6.23; P = .00). In subgroup analysis, lower heterogeneity was associated with the degree of carotid stenosis, patients from which country, and types of equipment. CONCLUSIONS SMI and CEUS display an excellent agreement in detecting carotid IPN. IPN detected by SMI shows high consistency with pathologic evaluations of IPN. Individuals with carotid IPN are more likely to develop stroke or TIA than those without carotid IPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Song
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Hang Xing
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Lewis Oscar Felix
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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23
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Yang Y, Yeung KF, Liu J. CoMM-S 4: A Collaborative Mixed Model Using Summary-Level eQTL and GWAS Datasets in Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies. Front Genet 2021; 12:704538. [PMID: 34616426 PMCID: PMC8488198 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.704538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have achieved remarkable success in identifying SNP-trait associations in the last decade. However, it is challenging to identify the mechanisms that connect the genetic variants with complex traits as the majority of GWAS associations are in non-coding regions. Methods that integrate genomic and transcriptomic data allow us to investigate how genetic variants may affect a trait through their effect on gene expression. These include CoMM and CoMM-S2, likelihood-ratio-based methods that integrate GWAS and eQTL studies to assess expression-trait association. However, their reliance on individual-level eQTL data render them inapplicable when only summary-level eQTL results, such as those from large-scale eQTL analyses, are available. Result: We develop an efficient probabilistic model, CoMM-S4, to explore the expression-trait association using summary-level eQTL and GWAS datasets. Compared with CoMM-S2, which uses individual-level eQTL data, CoMM-S4 requires only summary-level eQTL data. To test expression-trait association, an efficient variational Bayesian EM algorithm and a likelihood ratio test were constructed. We applied CoMM-S4 to both simulated and real data. The simulation results demonstrate that CoMM-S4 can perform as well as CoMM-S2 and S-PrediXcan, and analyses using GWAS summary statistics from Biobank Japan and eQTL summary statistics from eQTLGen and GTEx suggest novel susceptibility loci for cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. Availability and implementation: The developed R package is available at https://github.com/gordonliu810822/CoMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kar-Fu Yeung
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin Liu
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Zhang S, Gu H, Yu X, Kang B, Yuan X, Wang X. Association Between Carotid Artery Perivascular Fat Density and Intraplaque Hemorrhage. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:735794. [PMID: 34616788 PMCID: PMC8488125 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.735794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Perivascular adipose tissue plays a key role in atherosclerosis, but its effects on the composition of carotid atherosclerotic plaques are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between inflammatory carotid artery and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in the carotid artery. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study. Carotid inflammation was assessed by perivascular fat density (PFD) in 72 participants (mean age, 65.1 years; 56 men) who underwent both computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 2 weeks. The presence of IPH was assessed with MRI. Carotid stenosis, maximum plaque thickness, calcification, and ulceration were evaluated through CTA. The association between PFD and the occurrence of IPH was studied using generalized estimating equations analysis. Results: Of 156 plaques, 72 plaques (46.2%) had IPH. Plaques with IPH showed higher PFD than those without [−41.4 ± 3.9 vs. −55.8 ± 6.5 Hounsfield unit (HU); p < 0.001]. After age, calcification, degree of stenosis, maximum plaque thickness, and ulceration were adjusted for, PFD (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.41–2.73; p < 0.001) was found to be strongly associated with the presence of IPH. Conclusions: A higher PFD is associated with the presence of IPH in the carotid artery. These findings may provide a novel marker to identify carotid IPH and risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Kang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianshun Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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25
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Li X, Yang Y, Wang Z, Jiang S, Meng Y, Song X, Zhao L, Zou L, Li M, Yu T. Targeting non-coding RNAs in unstable atherosclerotic plaques: Mechanism, regulation, possibilities, and limitations. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3413-3427. [PMID: 34512156 PMCID: PMC8416736 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) caused by arteriosclerosis are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In the late stages of atherosclerosis, the atherosclerotic plaque gradually expands in the blood vessels, resulting in vascular stenosis. When the unstable plaque ruptures and falls off, it blocks the vessel causing vascular thrombosis, leading to strokes, myocardial infarctions, and a series of other serious diseases that endanger people's lives. Therefore, regulating plaque stability is the main means used to address the high mortality associated with CVDs. The progression of the atherosclerotic plaque is a complex integration of vascular cell apoptosis, lipid metabolism disorders, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular smooth muscle cell migration, and neovascular infiltration. More recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a significant role in regulating the pathophysiological process of atherosclerotic plaque formation by affecting the biological functions of the vasculature and its associated cells. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review the regulatory mechanisms involved in the susceptibility of atherosclerotic plaque rupture, discuss the limitations of current approaches to treat plaque instability, and highlight the potential clinical value of ncRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies to improve plaque stability and reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Li
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Shaoyan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 5 Zhiquan Road, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Song
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for translational medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, 266021, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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26
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Migdalski A, Jawien A. New insight into biology, molecular diagnostics and treatment options of unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaque: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1207. [PMID: 34430648 PMCID: PMC8350668 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Indications for intervention in hemodynamically relevant carotid artery stenosis (carotid endarterectomy or stenting) are primarily based on a degree of stenosis and symptomatology. To date the plaque vulnerability is rarely taken into account in clinical decision making although development of molecular imaging allows a better understanding of plaque biology and provides new techniques detecting potentially vulnerable plaque at risk. A significant number of reports describing the mechanisms of unstable plaque formation suggest that it is a multifactorial process. Inflammation, lipid accumulation, apoptosis, proteolysis, the thrombotic process and angiogenesis are among the main factors of carotid plaque destabilization. Although inflammation is a key process in development of plaque vulnerability, the hemostasis and neoangiogenesis should be regarded as equally important. Only a small group of asymptomatic patients may benefit from the invasive treatment and it remains a challenge to determine whether initially asymptomatic carotid plaque become unstable or vulnerable. Currently, the main task of research on atherosclerotic lesion imaging is focused on functional state of the plaque. The presence of one or more features such as stenosis progression, large plaque area, large juxta-luminal black area, plaque echolucency, intra-plaque hemorrhage, impaired cerebral vascular reserve and spontaneous embolization may indicate patients at higher risk for stroke suitable for revascularization. Treatment of carotid stenosis as one of the manifestations of generalized atherosclerosis requires a broad approach. Nowadays pharmacological treatment options for the atherosclerotic process are largely aimed at stimulating the plaque stabilization, but in symptomatic patients and selected asymptomatic patients, carotid plaque should be removed as a potential source of embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Migdalski
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Jawien
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
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27
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Wei M, Liu J, Pan H, Zhou Z, Guo K. Plasma Leukocyte Cell-Derived Chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) as a Risk Factor of Coronary Artery Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Angiology 2021; 73:265-274. [PMID: 34318706 DOI: 10.1177/00033197211028023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is associated with metabolic disorders, which is a risk factor of arteriosclerosis. We assessed the level of LECT-2 in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its severity and prognosis. We selected 666 participants who underwent coronary angiography in our hospital and included patients with non-CAD, patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), patients with unstable angina (UA), patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The serum level of LECT-2 was higher in patients with CAD than in patients with non-CAD and was an independent predictor for CAD. Subgroup analysis showed that compared with the SAP group, the UA, NSTEMI, and STEMI groups had higher serum levels of LECT-2. In addition, the level of LECT-2 was related to the SYNTAX score and SYNTAX II score. Finally, patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with elevated levels of LECT-2 had a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) within 12 months than those with lower levels of LECT-2. Plasma LECT-2 levels may be useful for the diagnosis of CAD and as predictors of MACE in patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Wei
- Intensive Care Unit, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan City, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Huizhou Municipal Central People's Hospital, Huizhou City, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziting Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan City, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan City, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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28
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Lin L, Xie Z, Xu M, Wang Y, Li S, Yang N, Gong X, Liang P, Zhang X, Song L, Cao F. IVUS\IVPA hybrid intravascular molecular imaging of angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaques via RGDfk peptide-targeted nanoprobes. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 22:100262. [PMID: 33868920 PMCID: PMC8040266 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Current intravascular imaging modalities face hurdles in the molecular evaluation of progressed plaques. This study aims to construct a novel hybrid imaging system (intravascular ultrasound/intravascular photoacoustic, IVPA/IVUS) via RGDfk peptide-targeted nanoparticles for monitoring angiogenesis in progressed atherosclerotic plaques in a rabbit model. An atherosclerotic rabbit model was induced by abdominal aorta balloon de-endothelialization followed by a high-fat diet. A human serum albumin (HSA)-based nanoprobe modified with RGDfk peptide was constructed by encapsulating indocyanine green (ICG) via electrostatic force (ICG-HSA-RGDfk NPs, IHR-NPs). A hybrid intravascular imaging system that combined IVUS and IVPA was self-assembled for RGDfk visualization within atherosclerotic plaques in the rabbit abdominal aorta. Through IHR-NPs and the hybrid IVUS/IVPA imaging platform, multiple comprehensive pieces of information on progressed plaques, including anatomical information, composition information and molecular information, can be obtained simultaneously, which may improve the precise diagnosis of plaque characteristics and the evaluation of early interventions for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejian Lin
- Department of Cardiology, National Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhihua Xie
- Research Lab for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Lab for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, National Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, National Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Sulei Li
- Department of Cardiology, National Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Cardiology, National Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaojing Gong
- Research Lab for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Lab for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ping Liang
- The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Liang Song
- Research Lab for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Lab for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, National Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
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29
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Turpin C, Catan A, Meilhac O, Bourdon E, Canonne-Hergaux F, Rondeau P. Erythrocytes: Central Actors in Multiple Scenes of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115843. [PMID: 34072544 PMCID: PMC8198892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and progression of atherosclerosis (ATH) involves lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and both vascular and blood cell dysfunction. Erythrocytes, the main circulating cells in the body, exert determinant roles in the gas transport between tissues. Erythrocytes have long been considered as simple bystanders in cardiovascular diseases, including ATH. This review highlights recent knowledge concerning the role of erythrocytes being more than just passive gas carriers, as potent contributors to atherosclerotic plaque progression. Erythrocyte physiology and ATH pathology is first described. Then, a specific chapter delineates the numerous links between erythrocytes and atherogenesis. In particular, we discuss the impact of extravasated erythrocytes in plaque iron homeostasis with potential pathological consequences. Hyperglycaemia is recognised as a significant aggravating contributor to the development of ATH. Then, a special focus is made on glycoxidative modifications of erythrocytes and their role in ATH. This chapter includes recent data proposing glycoxidised erythrocytes as putative contributors to enhanced atherothrombosis in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Turpin
- Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint Denis, France; (C.T.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Aurélie Catan
- Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint Denis, France; (C.T.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint Denis, France; (C.T.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (E.B.)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion, 97400 Saint Denis, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourdon
- Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint Denis, France; (C.T.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (E.B.)
| | | | - Philippe Rondeau
- Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint Denis, France; (C.T.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +262(0)-2-62-93-88-43; Fax: +262-(0)-2-62-93-88-01
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30
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Xin R, Yang D, Xu H, Han H, Li J, Miao Y, Du Z, Ding Q, Deng S, Ning Z, Shen R, Li R, Li C, Yuan C, Zhao X. Comparing Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Patients With Bilateral Carotid Vulnerable Plaques Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Angiology 2021; 73:104-111. [PMID: 34018407 DOI: 10.1177/00033197211012531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We compared plaque characteristics between symptomatic and asymptomatic sides in patients with bilateral carotid vulnerable plaques using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Participants (n = 67; mean age: 65.8 ± 7.7 years, 61 males) with bilateral carotid vulnerable plaques were included. Vulnerable plaques were characterized by intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), large lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC), or fibrous cap rupture (FCR) on MRI. Symptomatic vulnerable plaques showed greater plaque burden, LRNC volume (median: 221.4 vs 134.8 mm3, P = .003), IPH volume (median: 32.2 vs 22.5 mm3, P = .030), maximum percentage (Max%) LRNC (median: 51.3% vs 41.8%, P = .002), Max%IPH (median: 13.4% vs 9.5%, P = .022), cumulative slices of LRNC (median: 10 vs 8, P = .005), and more juxtaluminal IPH and/or thrombus (29.9% vs 6.0%, P = .001) and FCR (37.3% vs 16.4%, P = .007) than asymptomatic ones. After adjusting for plaque burden, differences in juxtaluminal IPH and/or thrombus (odds ratio [OR]: 5.49, 95% CI: 1.61-18.75, P = .007) and FCR (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.16-7.24, P = .022) between bilateral sides remained statistically significant. For patients with bilateral carotid vulnerable plaques, symptomatic plaques had greater burden, more juxtaluminal IPH and/or thrombus, and FCR compared with asymptomatic ones. The differences in juxtaluminal IPH and/or thrombus and FCR between bilateral sides were independent of plaque burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Xin
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 118223Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hualu Han
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 118223Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingyu Miao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziwei Du
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shasha Deng
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zihan Ning
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 118223Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 118223Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 118223Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Yuan
- Department of Radiology, 7284University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Xihai Zhao
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 118223Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
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31
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Scărlătescu AI, Micheu MM, Popa-Fotea NM, Dorobanțu M. MicroRNAs in Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction-A New Tool for Diagnosis and Prognosis: Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4799. [PMID: 33946541 PMCID: PMC8124280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, coronary artery disease and especially its extreme manifestation, ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early and prompt diagnosis is of great importance regarding the prognosis of STEMI patients. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising tools involved in many pathophysiological processes in various fields, including cardiovascular diseases. In acute coronary syndromes (ACS), circulating levels of miRNAs are significantly elevated, as an indicator of cardiac damage, making them a promising marker for early diagnosis of myocardial infarction. They also have prognostic value and great potential as therapeutic targets considering their key function in gene regulation. This review aims to summarize current information about miRNAs and their role as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets in STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ioana Scărlătescu
- Department of Cardiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (N.-M.P.-F.); (M.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Miruna Mihaela Micheu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Nicoleta-Monica Popa-Fotea
- Department of Cardiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (N.-M.P.-F.); (M.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Dorobanțu
- Department of Cardiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (N.-M.P.-F.); (M.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
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32
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Wei M, Pan H, Guo K. Association Between Plasma ADAMTS-9 Levels and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease. Angiology 2020; 72:371-380. [PMID: 33307720 DOI: 10.1177/0003319720979238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have shown that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 9 (ADAMTS-9) is associated with the development of atherosclerosis. We assessed the level of ADAMTS-9 in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its severity and prognosis. We selected 666 participants who underwent coronary angiography in our hospital and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria; participants included non-CAD patients, patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), unstable angina, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, or ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The serum level of ADAMTS-9 was higher in patients with CAD than in non-CAD patients (37.53 ± 8.55 ng/mL vs 12.04 ± 7.02 ng/mL, P < .001) and was an independent predictor for CAD (odds ratio = 1.871, 95% CI: 1.533-2.283, P < .001). Subgroup analysis showed that compared with the SAP group, the acute coronary syndrome groups had higher serum levels of ADAMTS-9. In addition, the level of ADAMTS-9 was related to the SYNTAX score (r = 0.523, P < .001). Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with elevated levels of ADAMTS-9 had a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within 12 months than those with lower levels (log-rank = 4.490, P = .034). Plasma ADAMTS-9 levels may be useful for the diagnosis of CAD and as predictors of MACE in AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Wei
- Intensive Care Unit, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan City, Guangdong, China
| | - Hailin Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Huizhou Municipal Central People's Hospital, Huizhou City, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, 485285Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, China.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan City, Guangdong, China
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33
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Kostyunin A, Mukhamadiyarov R, Glushkova T, Bogdanov L, Shishkova D, Osyaev N, Ovcharenko E, Kutikhin A. Ultrastructural Pathology of Atherosclerosis, Calcific Aortic Valve Disease, and Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Degeneration: Commonalities and Differences. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7434. [PMID: 33050133 PMCID: PMC7587971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), and bioprosthetic heart valve degeneration (alternatively termed structural valve deterioration, SVD) represent three diseases affecting distinct components of the circulatory system and their substitutes, yet sharing multiple risk factors and commonly leading to the extraskeletal calcification. Whereas the histopathology of the mentioned disorders is well-described, their ultrastructural pathology is largely obscure due to the lack of appropriate investigation techniques. Employing an original method for sample preparation and the electron microscopy visualisation of calcified cardiovascular tissues, here we revisited the ultrastructural features of lipid retention, macrophage infiltration, intraplaque/intraleaflet haemorrhage, and calcification which are common or unique for the indicated types of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerotic plaques were notable for the massive accumulation of lipids in the extracellular matrix (ECM), abundant macrophage content, and pronounced neovascularisation associated with blood leakage and calcium deposition. In contrast, CAVD and SVD generally did not require vasculo- or angiogenesis to occur, instead relying on fatigue-induced ECM degradation and the concurrent migration of immune cells. Unlike native tissues, bioprosthetic heart valves contained numerous specialised macrophages and were not capable of the regeneration that underscores ECM integrity as a pivotal factor for SVD prevention. While atherosclerosis, CAVD, and SVD show similar pathogenesis patterns, these disorders demonstrate considerable ultrastructural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anton Kutikhin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (A.K.); (R.M.); (T.G.); (L.B.); (D.S.); (N.O.); (E.O.)
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34
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Mura M, Della Schiava N, Long A, Chirico EN, Pialoux V, Millon A. Carotid intraplaque haemorrhage: pathogenesis, histological classification, imaging methods and clinical value. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1273. [PMID: 33178805 PMCID: PMC7607119 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques are characterised by several risk factors, such as inflammation, neovascularization and intraplaque haemorrhage (IPH). Vulnerable plaques can lead to ischemic events such as stroke. Many studies reported a relationship between IPH, plaque rupture, and ischemic stroke. Histology is the gold standard to evaluate IPH, but it required carotid endarterectomy (CEA) surgery to collect the tissue sample. In this context, several imaging methods can be used as a non-invasive way to evaluate plaque vulnerability and detect IPH. Most imaging studies showed that IPH is associated with plaque vulnerability and stroke, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being the most sensitive and specific to detect IPH as a predictor of ischemic events. These conclusions are however still debated because of the limited number of patients included in these studies; further studies are required to better assess risks associated with different IPH stages. Moreover, IPH is implicated in plaque vulnerability with other risk factors which need to be considered to predict ischemic risk. In addition, MRI sequences standardization is required to compare results from different studies and agree on biomarkers that need to be considered to predict plaque rupture. In these circumstances, IPH detection by MRI could be an efficient clinical method to predict stroke. The goal of this review article is to first describe the pathophysiological process responsible for IPH, its histological detection in carotid plaques and its correlation with plaque rupture. The second part will discuss the benefits and limitations of imaging the carotid plaque, and finally the clinical interest of imaging IPH to predict plaque rupture, focusing on MRI-IPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Mura
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA7424, Lyon, France
| | - Nellie Della Schiava
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Lyon, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Ferroélectricité EA 682, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Long
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA7424, Lyon, France.,Departement of Internal Medicine and Vascular Medicine, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Erica N Chirico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA7424, Lyon, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Millon
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Bron, France
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35
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Parma L, Peters HAB, Sluiter TJ, Simons KH, Lazzari P, de Vries MR, Quax PHA. bFGF blockade reduces intraplaque angiogenesis and macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic vein graft lesions in ApoE3*Leiden mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15968. [PMID: 32994514 PMCID: PMC7525538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraplaque angiogenesis increases the chance of unstable atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombus formation leading to myocardial infarction. Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) plays a key role in angiogenesis and inflammation and is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, we aim to test K5, a small molecule bFGF-inhibitor, on remodelling of accelerated atherosclerotic vein grafts lesions in ApoE3*Leiden mice. K5-mediated bFGF-signalling blockade strongly decreased intraplaque angiogenesis and intraplaque hemorrhage. Moreover, it reduced macrophage infiltration in the lesions by modulating CCL2 and VCAM1 expression. Therefore, K5 increases plaque stability. To study the isolated effect of K5 on angiogenesis and SMCs-mediated intimal hyperplasia formation, we used an in vivo Matrigel-plug mouse model that reveals the effects on in vivo angiogenesis and femoral artery cuff model to exclusively looks at SMCs. K5 drastically reduced in vivo angiogenesis in the matrigel plug model while no effect on SMCs migration nor proliferation could be seen in the femoral artery cuff model. Moreover, in vitro K5 impaired endothelial cells functions, decreasing migration, proliferation and tube formation. Our data show that K5-mediated bFGF signalling blockade in hypercholesterolemic ApoE3*Leiden mice reduces intraplaque angiogenesis, haemorrhage and inflammation. Therefore, K5 is a promising candidate to stabilize advanced atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Parma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, D6-33, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika A B Peters
- Department of Vascular Surgery, D6-33, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs J Sluiter
- Department of Vascular Surgery, D6-33, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karin H Simons
- Department of Vascular Surgery, D6-33, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Lazzari
- KemoTech SrL, Build 3, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, Italy
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Vascular Surgery, D6-33, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Vascular Surgery, D6-33, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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36
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Yang L, Zang G, Li J, Li X, Li Y, Zhao Y. Cell-derived biomimetic nanoparticles as a novel drug delivery system for atherosclerosis: predecessors and perspectives. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:349-358. [PMID: 32793380 PMCID: PMC7414994 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a key mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In the field of precision medicine for the treatment of atherosclerosis, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery systems have great potential, owing to their ability to release treatment locally. Cell-derived biomimetic NPs have attracted extensive attention at present due to their excellent targeting to atherosclerotic inflammatory sites, low immunogenicity and long blood circulation time. Here, we review the utility of cell-derived biomimetic NPs, including whole cells, cell membranes and extracellular vesicles, in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guangchao Zang
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuanzhu Li
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yinping Zhao
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence address. Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, NO.1 Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China. Tel: +86 18883256765; E-mail:
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37
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Lordan R, Tsoupras A, Zabetakis I. Platelet activation and prothrombotic mediators at the nexus of inflammation and atherosclerosis: Potential role of antiplatelet agents. Blood Rev 2020; 45:100694. [PMID: 32340775 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are central to inflammation-related manifestations of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as atherosclerosis. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, thromboxane A2 (TxA2), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) are some of the key agonists of platelet activation that are at the intersection between a plethora of inflammatory pathways that modulate pro-inflammatory and coagulation processes. The aim of this article is to review the role of platelets and the relationship between their structure, function, and the interactions of their constituents in systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Antiplatelet therapies are discussed with a view to primary prevention of CVD by the clinical reduction of platelet reactivity and inflammation. Current antiplatelet therapies are effective in reducing cardiovascular risk but increase bleeding risk. Novel therapeutic antiplatelet approaches beyond current pharmacological modalities that do not increase the risk of bleeding require further investigation. There is potential for specifically designed nutraceuticals that may become safer alternatives to pharmacological antiplatelet agents for the primary prevention of CVD but there is serious concern over their efficacy and regulation, which requires considerably more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA.
| | - Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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38
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Mauricio D, Alonso N, Gratacòs M. Chronic Diabetes Complications: The Need to Move beyond Classical Concepts. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:287-295. [PMID: 32033865 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic-diabetes-related complications simultaneously compromise both the micro- and macrovascular trees, with target organs considered as the paradigm of large vessel injury also entailing microangiopathic changes. However, complications independent or partially independent from vascular damage are often overlooked. This includes neuronal dysfunction (e.g., retinal neurodegeneration), interstitial injury (e.g., tubulointerstitial disease), metabolic damage (e.g., in the heart and liver), and nonclassical conditions such as cognitive decline, impaired pulmonary function, or increased risk of cancer. In this scenario, researchers, endocrinologists and primary care physicians should have a holistic view of the disease and pay further attention to all organs and all potential clinical repercussions, which would certainly contribute to a more rational and integrated patient health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dídac Mauricio
- DAP-Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Núria Alonso
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute & University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mònica Gratacòs
- DAP-Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
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39
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Singh A, Srinivasan AK, Chakrapani LN, Kalaiselvi P. LOX-1, the Common Therapeutic Target in Hypercholesterolemia: A New Perspective of Antiatherosclerotic Action of Aegeline. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8285730. [PMID: 31885819 PMCID: PMC6914969 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8285730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is the major receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) in the aorta of aged rats. Ox-LDL initiates LOX-1 activation in the endothelium of lipid-accumulating sites of both animal and human subjects of hypercholesterolemia. Targeting LOX-1 may provide a novel diagnostic strategy towards hypercholesterolemia and vascular diseases. HYPOTHESIS This study was planned to address whether aegeline (AG) could bind to LOX-1 with a higher affinity and modulate the uptake of Ox-LDL in hypercholesterolemia. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into six groups. The pathology group rats were fed with high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 45 days, and the treatment group rats were fed with HCD and aegeline/atorvastatin (AV) for the last 30 days. In vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out to assay the markers of atherosclerosis like Ox-LDL and LOX-1 levels. Histopathological examination was performed. Oil Red O staining was carried out in the IC-21 cell line. Docking studies were performed. RESULTS AG administration effectively brought down the lipid levels induced by HCD. The lowered levels of Ox-LDL and LOX-1 in AG-administered rats deem it to be a potent antihypercholesterolemic agent. Compared to AV, AG had a pronounced effect in downregulating the expression of lipids evidenced by Oil Red O staining. AG binds with LOX-1 at a higher affinity validated by docking. CONCLUSION This study validates AG to be an effective stratagem in bringing down the lipid stress induced by HCD and can be deemed as an antihypercholesterolemic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Singh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
- Preclinical Stroke Modelling Laboratory, Burke Neurological Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, New York 10605, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar Srinivasan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
- Department of HIV, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi Narasimhan Chakrapani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Periandavan Kalaiselvi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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40
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Mao Y, Liu XQ, Song Y, Zhai CG, Xu XL, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Fibroblast growth factor-2/platelet-derived growth factor enhances atherosclerotic plaque stability. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1128-1140. [PMID: 31755222 PMCID: PMC6933359 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased immature neovessels contribute to plaque growth and instability. Here, we investigated a method to establish functional and stable neovessel networks to increase plaque stability. Rabbits underwent aortic balloon injury and were divided into six groups: sham, vector and lentiviral transfection with vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF)‐A, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐2, platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB and FGF‐2 + PDGF‐BB. Lentivirus was percutaneously injected into the media‐adventitia of the abdominal aorta by intravascular ultrasound guidance, and plaque‐rupture rate, plaque‐vulnerability index and plaque neovessel density at the injection site were evaluated. Confocal microscopy, Prussian Blue assay, Evans Blue, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess neovessel function and pericyte coverage. To evaluate the effect of FGF‐2/PDGF‐BB on pericyte migration, we used the mesenchymal progenitor cell line 10T1/2 as an in vitro model. VEGF‐A‐ and FGF‐2‐overexpression increased the number of immature neovessels, which caused intraplaque haemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration, eventually resulting in the plaque vulnerability; however, FGF‐2/PDGF‐BB induced mature and functional neovessels, through increased neovessel pericyte coverage. Additionally, in vitro analysis of 10T1/2 cells revealed that FGF‐2/PDGF‐BB induced epsin‐2 expression and enhanced the VEGF receptor‐2 degradation, which negatively regulated pericyte function consistent with the in vivo data. These results showed that the combination of FGF‐2 and PDGF‐BB promoted the function and maturation of plaque neovessels, thereby representing a novel potential treatment strategy for vulnerable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Qiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Gang Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xing Li Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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41
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Ma Q, Reiter RJ, Chen Y. Role of melatonin in controlling angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. Angiogenesis 2019; 23:91-104. [PMID: 31650428 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis depends on proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules that regulate endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Well-regulated angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in many physiological conditions such as reproduction and embryonic development, while abnormal angiogenesis is also the basis of a variety of pathological processes including tumor metastasis and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Melatonin has a variety of biological effects, including inhibition of tumor metastasis, stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques, and the regulation of seasonal reproductive rhythms, etc. During certain pathophysiological processes, melatonin exerts different functions depending on its ability to regulate angiogenesis. This review reveals that melatonin has different effects on neovascularization under different physiological and pathological conditions. In tumors, in age-related ocular diseases, and in a hypoxic environment, melatonin inhibits neovascularization in tissues, while in gastric ulcers, skin lesions, and some physiologic processes, it promotes angiogenesis. We also speculate that melatonin may inhibit the neovascularization in atherosclerotic plaques, thus preventing the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Most studies suggest that these effects are related to the role of melatonin in regulating of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, but the specific regulatory mechanisms remain disparate, which may lead to the differential effects of melatonin on angiogenesis under different conditions. In this review, we thus summarize some seemingly contradictory mechanisms by which melatonin controls angiogenesis under different pathological and physiological conditions, and urge that the regulatory mechanisms be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA.
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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42
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Nie J, Zhang L, Zhao G, Du X. Quercetin reduces atherosclerotic lesions by altering the gut microbiota and reducing atherogenic lipid metabolites. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1824-1834. [PMID: 31509634 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Epidemiological studies have correlated cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis with lifestyle factors such as sedentary behaviour and a high-calorie diet. Recent studies of pathogenesis have highlighted the significance of the intestinal microbiota and chronic inflammation with respect to both the onset and development of atherosclerosis. This study examined the hypothesis that the oral administration of quercetin to low-density lipoprotein receptor-null (Ldlr-/- ) mice would improve gut health by altering the gut microbiota and controlling the levels of atherogenic lipid metabolites and proinflammatory mediators in the intestine and serum. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were maintained on a high-fat diet with or without oral quercetin administration for 12 weeks. Quercetin treatment suppressed body weight gains and reduced the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinus. Reduced malondialdehyde and increased interleukin 6 levels further indicated the protective effect of quercetin against immune/inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Furthermore, quercetin led to decreased intestinal levels of cholesterol, lysophosphatidic acids and atherogenic lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC 18:1) and an increased level of coprostanol. A phylum-level microbial analysis revealed that quercetin treatment reduced the abundance of Verrocomicrobia and increased microbiome diversity and the abundances of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes. A Spearman analysis revealed negative correlations of Actinobacteria with intestinal and plasma LPC 18:1 and caecal cholesterol levels and of Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria with the plasma LPC 18:1 level. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the ability of quercetin treatment to reduce lipid levels, as well as the areas of atherosclerotic lesions and sizes of plaques. This treatment also altered the composition of the gut microbiota and decreased the levels of atherogenic lipid metabolites. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Oral quercetin treatment may represent a new approach to mitigating the onset and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - G Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - X Du
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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43
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Mury P, Chirico EN, Mura M, Millon A, Canet-Soulas E, Pialoux V. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Key Targets of Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression and Vulnerability: Potential Impact of Physical Activity. Sports Med 2019; 48:2725-2741. [PMID: 30302720 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a complex cardiovascular disease, is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are both involved in the development of atherosclerotic plaque as they increase the biological processes associated with this pathology, such as endothelial dysfunction and macrophage recruitment and adhesion. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to major ischemic events is the result of vulnerable plaque progression, which is a result of the detrimental effect of oxidative stress and inflammation on risk factors for atherosclerotic plaque rupture, such as intraplaque hemorrhage, neovascularization, and fibrous cap thickness. Thus, both are key targets for primary and secondary interventions. It is well recognized that chronic physical activity attenuates oxidative stress in healthy subjects via the improvement of antioxidant enzyme capacities and inflammation via the enhancement of anti-inflammatory molecules. Moreover, it was recently shown that chronic physical activity could decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerotic patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis and the results of therapeutic interventions targeting them in both preclinical and clinical studies. The effects of chronic physical activity on these two key processes are then reviewed in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in both coronary and carotid arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Mury
- Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Erica N Chirico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Mathilde Mura
- Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Millon
- University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Bron, France.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Bron, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France. .,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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44
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LI TT, WANG ZB, LI Y, CAO F, YANG BY, KUANG HX. The mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine underlying the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:401-412. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Bourantas CV, Zanchin T, Sakellarios A, Karagiannis A, Ramasamy A, Yamaji K, Taniwaki M, Heg D, Moschovitis A, Fotiadis D, Mihalis L, Baumbach A, Torii R, Serruys P, Garcia-Garcia HM, Windecker S, Räber L. Implications of the local haemodynamic forces on the phenotype of coronary plaques. Heart 2019; 105:1078-1086. [PMID: 30877239 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the effect of endothelial shear stress (ESS) on the dynamic changes in plaque phenotype. METHODS Patients with myocardial infarction that had intravascular ultrasound-virtual histology (IVUS-VH) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and 13-month follow-up were studied. The IVUS-VH data were used to reconstruct the nonculprit vessels, and in the obtained models the ESS was estimated in 3 mm segments. Plaque morphology was derived in each segment from IVUS-VH and OCT. Disease progression was defined as the presence of ≥2 out of the following criteria: reduction in lumen area, increase in plaque burden and change of plaque morphology to a more vulnerable phenotype. Linear mixed effects models were used to assess the effect of ESS in different phenotypes. RESULTS Sixty-eight vessels were included in the analysis. Low ESS was associated with plaque progression in all phenotypes. The effect of ESS on plaque burden (p for interaction=0.467) and phenotype (p for interaction=0.188) was similar in all plaque types, whereas the effect of ESS on the changes in lumen dimensions was more prominent in disease-free (β=0.70, p<0.001) than fibrotic/fibrocalcific (β=0.28, p<0.001) or lipid-rich plaques (β=0.15, p=0.015). Standalone IVUS-VH misclassified plaque morphology in one-third of the cases leading to erroneous estimations about the effect of ESS on plaque evolution in different phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS The effect of ESS on plaque progression is similar in all phenotypes and cannot be accurately assessed by standalone IVUS-VH which often misclassifies plaque morphology. Therefore, multimodality imaging should be considered to examine the implications of ESS on plaque evolution. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00962416; Post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos V Bourantas
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK.,School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Zanchin
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Antonis Sakellarios
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexios Karagiannis
- Clinical Trial Unit, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Kyohei Yamaji
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Masanori Taniwaki
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dik Heg
- Clinical Trial Unit, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aris Moschovitis
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Lampros Mihalis
- Department of Cardiology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas Baumbach
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, London, UK
| | - Ryo Torii
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick Serruys
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London Institute of Clinical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Hector M Garcia-Garcia
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, Columbia, USA
| | - Stephan Windecker
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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46
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Colín-Castelán D, Zaina S. Associations between atherosclerosis and neurological diseases, beyond ischemia-induced cerebral damage. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:15-25. [PMID: 30891682 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is traditionally viewed as a consequence of peptide accumulation in the brain, stroke and/or cerebral ischemia. Nonetheless, a number of scattered observations suggest that neurological disease and atherosclerosis may be linked by more complex mechanisms. Understanding the intricate link between atherosclerosis and neurological conditions may have a significant impact on the quality of life of the growing ageing population and of high cardiovascular risk groups in general. Epidemiological data support the notion that neurological dysfunction and atherosclerosis coexist long before any evident clinical complications of cardiovascular disease appear and may be causally linked. Baffling, often overlooked, molecular data suggest that nervous tissue-specific gene expression is relaxed specifically in the atheromatous vascular wall, and/or that a systemic dysregulation of genes involved in nervous system biology dictates a concomitant progression of neurological disease and atherosclerosis. Further epidemiological and experimental work is needed to clarify the details and clinical relevance of those complex links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannia Colín-Castelán
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Campus León, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Silvio Zaina
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Campus León, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
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47
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Kurdi A, Roth L, Van der Veken B, Van Dam D, De Deyn PP, De Doncker M, Neels H, De Meyer GR, Martinet W. Everolimus depletes plaque macrophages, abolishes intraplaque neovascularization and improves survival in mice with advanced atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 113:70-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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48
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Summerhill V, Orekhov A. Pericytes in Atherosclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1147:279-297. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Ma L, Dai J, Chen J, Cai HW, Li JY, Li XY, Chen SJ, Mao W. Research Progress of Angiogenesis in Atherosclerotic Plaque in Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 24:950-955. [PMID: 30178090 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaque plays a critical role in the mechanism of atherosclerotic physiopathology. Present consensus shows that angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaque is mainly resulted in hypoxia, inflammation and some pro-angiogenic factors. The homeostasis in plaque, which is hypoxic and infiltrated by inflammatory cells, may lead to angiogenesis, increase the plaque instability and the incidence rate of vascular events. This article reviews the progression of pathogenetic mechanism, physiopathological significance, relevant detecting technique and corresponding therapeutic methods of Chinese and Western medicine of angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaque, so as to provide more theoretical basis for atherosclerotic clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jin Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jie Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hong-Wen Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jia-Ying Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xin-Yao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Shen-Jie Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wei Mao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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50
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Myasoedova VA, Chistiakov DA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Matrix metalloproteinases in pro-atherosclerotic arterial remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 123:159-167. [PMID: 30172754 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a family of Zn2+ endopeptidases that process various components of the extracellular matrix. These enzymes are also involved in activation and inhibition of signaling cascades through proteolytic cleavage of surface receptors. Moreover, MMPs play a key role in tissue remodeling and and repair. Dysregulation of MMPs is observed in patholofgical conditions, including atherosclerosis, which is associated with hyperactivation of MMPs, aberrant tissue remodeling and neovascularization of the growing atherosclerotic plaques. This makes MMPs interesting therapeutic targets that can be employed for developing novel therapies to treat atherosclerosis and its complications. Currently, a growing number of synthetic MMP inhibitors is available. In this review, we will discuss the role of these enzymes in atherosclerosis pathology and the ways of their pothential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika A Myasoedova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia.
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