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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Jia D. Exercise Alleviates Cardiovascular Diseases by Improving Mitochondrial Homeostasis. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e036555. [PMID: 39291488 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.036555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Engaging in regular exercise and physical activity contributes to delaying the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the physiological mechanisms underlying the benefits of regular exercise or physical activity in CVDs remain unclear. The disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis is implicated in the pathological process of CVDs. Exercise training effectively delays the onset and progression of CVDs by significantly ameliorating the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis. This includes improving mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing mitochondrial fusion, decreasing mitochondrial fission, promoting mitophagy, and mitigating mitochondrial morphology and function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of physical exercise in the context of CVDs, establishing a connection between the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and the onset of these conditions. Through a detailed examination of the underlying molecular mechanisms within mitochondria, the study illuminates how exercise can provide innovative perspectives for future therapies for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhang
- School of Exercise and health Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- School of Exercise and health Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhang
- School of Exercise and health Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China
| | - Dandan Jia
- School of Exercise and health Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China
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2
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Martinez-Canton M, Galvan-Alvarez V, Gallego-Selles A, Gelabert-Rebato M, Garcia-Gonzalez E, Gonzalez-Henriquez JJ, Martin-Rincon M, Calbet JAL. Activation of macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy in human skeletal muscle by high-intensity exercise in normoxia and hypoxia and after recovery with or without post-exercise ischemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:607-624. [PMID: 39009244 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for the adaptive response to exercise and physiological skeletal muscle functionality. However, the mechanisms leading to the activation of macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy in human skeletal muscle in response to high-intensity exercise remain elusive. Our findings demonstrate that macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy are stimulated by high-intensity exercise in normoxia (PIO2: 143 mmHg) and severe acute hypoxia (PIO2: 73 mmHg) in healthy humans. High-intensity exercise induces macroautophagy initiation through AMPKα phosphorylation, which phosphorylates and activates ULK1. ULK1 phosphorylates BECN1 at Ser15, eliciting the dissociation of BECN1-BCL2 crucial for phagophore formation. Besides, high-intensity exercise elevates the LC3B-II:LC3B-I ratio, reduces total SQSTM1/p62 levels, and induces p-Ser349 SQSTM1/p62 phosphorylation, suggesting heightened autophagosome degradation. PHAF1/MYTHO, a novel macroautophagy biomarker, is highly upregulated in response to high-intensity exercise. The latter is accompanied by elevated LAMP2A expression, indicating chaperone-mediated autophagy activation regardless of post-exercise HSPA8/HSC70 downregulation. Despite increased glycolytic metabolism, severe acute hypoxia does not exacerbate the autophagy signaling response. Signaling changes revert within 1 min of recovery with free circulation, while the application of immediate post-exercise ischemia impedes recovery. Our study concludes that macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy pathways are strongly activated by high-intensity exercise, regardless of PO2, and that oxygenation is necessary to revert these signals to pre-exercise values. PHAF1/MYTHO emerges as a pivotal exercise-responsive autophagy marker positively associated with the LC3B-II:LC3B-I ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Martinez-Canton
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Victor Galvan-Alvarez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Angel Gallego-Selles
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Miriam Gelabert-Rebato
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Gonzalez-Henriquez
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain; Department of Mathematics, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain
| | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain; Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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3
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Rathor R, Suryakumar G. Myokines: A central point in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life. Biofactors 2024; 50:885-909. [PMID: 38572958 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is a crucial phenomenon that is obligatory for maintaining the healthy status of cells. However, the loss of redox homeostasis may lead to numerous diseases that ultimately result in a compromised quality of life. Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ that secretes hundreds of myokines. Myokines are peptides and cytokines produced and released by muscle fibers. Skeletal muscle secreted myokines act as a robust modulator for regulating cellular metabolism and redox homeostasis which play a prime role in managing and improving metabolic function in multiple organs. Further, the secretory myokines maintain redox homeostasis not only in muscles but also in other organs of the body via stabilizing oxidants and antioxidant levels. Myokines are also engaged in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics as mitochondria is a central point for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ergo, myokines also act as a central player in communicating signals to other organs, including the pancreas, gut, liver, bone, adipose tissue, brain, and skin via their autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of skeletal muscle-secreted myokines in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life. Additionally, probable strategies will be discussed that provide a solution for a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India
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Díaz-Castro F, Tuñón-Suárez M, Rivera P, Botella J, Cancino J, Figueroa AM, Gutiérrez J, Cantin C, Deldicque L, Zbinden-Foncea H, Nielsen J, Henríquez-Olguín C, Morselli E, Castro-Sepúlveda M. A single bout of resistance exercise triggers mitophagy, potentially involving the ejection of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14203. [PMID: 39023008 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a single bout of resistance exercise on mitophagy in human skeletal muscle (SkM). METHODS Eight healthy men were recruited to complete an acute bout of one-leg resistance exercise. SkM biopsies were obtained one hour after exercise in the resting leg (Rest-leg) and the contracting leg (Ex-leg). Mitophagy was assessed using protein-related abundance, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Our results show that acute resistance exercise increased pro-fission protein phosphorylation (DRP1Ser616) and decreased mitophagy markers such as PARKIN and BNIP3L/NIX protein abundance in the Ex-leg. Additionally, mitochondrial complex IV decreased in the Ex-leg when compared to the Rest-leg. In the Ex-leg, TEM and immunofluorescence images showed mitochondrial cristae abnormalities, a mitochondrial fission phenotype, and increased mitophagosome-like structures in both subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria. We also observed increased mitophagosome-like structures on the subsarcolemmal cleft and mitochondria in the extracellular space of SkM in the Ex-leg. We stimulated human primary myotubes with CCCP, which mimics mitophagy induction in the Ex-leg, and found that BNIP3L/NIX protein abundance decreased independently of lysosomal degradation. Finally, in another human cohort, we found a negative association between BNIP3L/NIX protein abundance with both mitophagosome-like structures and mitochondrial cristae density in the SkM. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that a single bout of resistance exercise can initiate mitophagy, potentially involving mitochondrial ejection, in human skeletal muscle. BNIP3L/NIX is proposed as a sensitive marker for assessing mitophagy flux in SkM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Physiology Department, Biological Science Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauro Tuñón-Suárez
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Physiology Department, Biological Science Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Botella
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Figueroa
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Gutiérrez
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudette Cantin
- Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Castro-Sepúlveda
- Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
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Grepper D, Tabasso C, Zanou N, Aguettaz AK, Castro-Sepulveda M, Ziegler DV, Lagarrigue S, Arribat Y, Martinotti A, Ebrahimi A, Daraspe J, Fajas L, Amati F. BCL2L13 at endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites regulates calcium homeostasis to maintain skeletal muscle function. iScience 2024; 27:110510. [PMID: 39175772 PMCID: PMC11340602 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The physical connection between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential signaling hub to ensure organelle and cellular functions. In skeletal muscle, ER-mitochondria calcium (Ca2+) signaling is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis during physical activity. High expression of BCL2L13, a member of the BCL-2 family, was suggested as an adaptive response in endurance-trained human subjects. In adult zebrafish, we found that the loss of Bcl2l13 impairs skeletal muscle structure and function. Ca2+ signaling is altered in Bcl2l13 knockout animals and mitochondrial complexes activity is decreased. Organelle fractioning in mammalian cells shows BCL2L13 at mitochondria, ER, and mitochondria-associated membranes. ER-mitochondria contact sites number is not modified by BCL2L13 modulation, but knockdown of BCL2L13 in C2C12 cells changes cytosolic Ca2+ release and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. This suggests that BCL2L13 interaction with mitochondria and ER, and its role in Ca2+ signaling, contributes to proper skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogan Grepper
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
| | - Cassandra Tabasso
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Zanou
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
| | - Axel K.F. Aguettaz
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1011, Switzerland
| | - Mauricio Castro-Sepulveda
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
| | - Dorian V. Ziegler
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Lagarrigue
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
| | - Yoan Arribat
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Martinotti
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1011, Switzerland
| | - Ammar Ebrahimi
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1011, Switzerland
| | - Jean Daraspe
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Amati
- Aging and Muscle Metabolism Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 7, Lausanne, Vaud 1005, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud 1011, Switzerland
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6
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Alcaráz N, Salcedo-Tello P, González-Barrios R, Torres-Arciga K, Guzmán-Ramos K. Underlying Mechanisms of the Protective Effects of Lifestyle Factors On Age-Related Diseases. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103014. [PMID: 38861840 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The rise in life expectancy has significantly increased the occurrence of age-related chronic diseases, leading to escalating expenses for both society and individuals. Among the main factors influencing health and lifespan, lifestyle takes a forefront position. Specifically, nutrition, mental activity, and physical exercise influence the molecular and functional mechanisms that contribute to the prevention of major age-related diseases. Gaining deeper insights into the mechanisms that drive the positive effects of healthy lifestyles is valuable for creating interventions to prevent or postpone the development of chronic degenerative diseases. This review summarizes the main mechanisms that underlie the positive effect of lifestyle factors in counteracting the major age-related diseases involving brain health, musculoskeletal function, cancer, frailty, and cardiovascular diseases, among others. This knowledge will help to identify high-risk populations for targeted intervention trials and discover new biomarkers associated with healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Alcaráz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pamela Salcedo-Tello
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Laboratorio de regulación de la cromatina y genómica, Mexico City, México
| | - Karla Torres-Arciga
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Laboratorio de regulación de la cromatina y genómica, Mexico City, México; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kioko Guzmán-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, Mexico State, Mexico.
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7
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Feng H, Zhang Z, Lyu W, Kong X, Li J, Zhou H, Wei P. The Effects of Appropriate Perioperative Exercise on Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders: a Narrative Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4663-4676. [PMID: 38110646 PMCID: PMC11236851 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are now considered the most common neurological complication in older adult patients undergoing surgical procedures. A significant increase exists in the incidence of post-operative disability and mortality in patients with PNDs. However, no specific treatment is still available for PNDs. Recent studies have shown that exercise may improve cognitive dysfunction-related disorders, including PNDs. Neuroinflammation is a key mechanism underlying exercise-induced neuroprotection in PNDs; others include the regulation of gut microbiota and mitochondrial and synaptic function. Maintaining optimal skeletal muscle mass through preoperative exercise is important to prevent the occurrence of PNDs. This review summarizes current clinical and preclinical evidence and proposes potential molecular mechanisms by which perioperative exercise improves PNDs, providing a new direction for exploring exercise-mediated neuroprotective effects on PNDs. In addition, it intends to provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of PNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Lyu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
| | - Penghui Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Wang ZH, Wang ZJ, Liu HC, Wang CY, Wang YQ, Yue Y, Zhao C, Wang G, Wan JP. Targeting mitochondria for ovarian aging: new insights into mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1417007. [PMID: 38952389 PMCID: PMC11215021 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1417007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian aging is a complex process characterized by a decline in oocyte quantity and quality, directly impacting fertility and overall well-being. Recent researches have identified mitochondria as pivotal players in the aging of ovaries, influencing various hallmarks and pathways governing this intricate process. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted role of mitochondria in determining ovarian fate, and outline the pivotal mechanisms through which mitochondria contribute to ovarian aging. Specifically, we emphasize the potential of targeting mitochondrial dysfunction through innovative therapeutic approaches, including antioxidants, metabolic improvement, biogenesis promotion, mitophagy enhancement, mitochondrial transfer, and traditional Chinese medicine. These strategies hold promise as effective means to mitigate age-related fertility decline and preserve ovarian health. Drawing insights from advanced researches in the field, this review provides a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between mitochondrial function and ovarian aging, offering valuable perspectives for the development of novel therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving fertility and enhancing overall reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Gynecological Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen-Jing Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huai-Chao Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Gynecological Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Gynecological Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Gynecological Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Yue
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Gynecological Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoyun Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Gynecological Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ji-Peng Wan
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Gynecological Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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9
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Botella J, Shaw CS, Bishop DJ. Autophagy and Exercise: Current Insights and Future Research Directions. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:171-182. [PMID: 37582398 DOI: 10.1055/a-2153-9258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process by which proteins and organelles are degraded inside the lysosome. Exercise is known to influence the regulation of autophagy in skeletal muscle. However, as gold standard techniques to assess autophagy flux in vivo are restricted to animal research, important gaps remain in our understanding of how exercise influences autophagy activity in humans. Using available datasets, we show how the gene expression profile of autophagy receptors and ATG8 family members differ between human and mouse skeletal muscle, providing a potential explanation for their differing exercise-induced autophagy responses. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive view of autophagy regulation following exercise in humans by summarizing human transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic datasets that provide novel targets of potential relevance. These newly identified phosphorylation sites may provide an explanation as to why both endurance and resistance exercise lead to an exercise-induced reduction in LC3B-II, while possibly divergently regulating autophagy receptors, and, potentially, autophagy flux. We also provide recommendations to use ex vivo autophagy flux assays to better understand the influence of exercise, and other stimuli, on autophagy regulation in humans. This review provides a critical overview of the field and directs researchers towards novel research areas that will improve our understanding of autophagy regulation following exercise in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Botella
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine and Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher S Shaw
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, 3216, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Sterczala AJ, Rodriguez‐Ortiz N, Feigel ED, Krajewski K, Martin BJ, Sekel NM, Lovalekar M, Kargl CK, Koltun KJ, Van Eck C, Flanagan S, Connaboy C, Wardle SL, O'Leary TJ, Greeves JP, Nindl BC. Skeletal muscle adaptations to high-intensity, low-volume concurrent resistance and interval training in recreationally active men and women. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15953. [PMID: 38490811 PMCID: PMC10942853 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the structural and cellular skeletal muscle factors underpinning adaptations in maximal strength, power, aerobic capacity, and lean body mass to a 12-week concurrent resistance and interval training program in men and women. Recreationally active women and men completed three training sessions per week consisting of high-intensity, low-volume resistance training followed by interval training performed using a variety upper and lower body exercises representative of military occupational tasks. Pre- and post-training vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were analyzed for changes in muscle fiber type, cross-sectional area, capillarization, and mitochondrial biogenesis marker content. Changes in maximal strength, aerobic capacity, and lean body mass (LBM) were also assessed. Training elicited hypertrophy of type I (12.9%; p = 0.016) and type IIa (12.7%; p = 0.007) muscle fibers in men only. In both sexes, training decreased type IIx fiber expression (1.9%; p = 0.046) and increased total PGC-1α (29.7%, p < 0.001) and citrate synthase (11.0%; p < 0.014) content, but had no effect on COX IV content or muscle capillarization. In both sexes, training increased maximal strength and LBM but not aerobic capacity. The concurrent training program was effective at increasing strength and LBM but not at improving aerobic capacity or skeletal muscle adaptations underpinning aerobic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Sterczala
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Human Engineering Research LaboratoriesVA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nathaniel Rodriguez‐Ortiz
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Evan D. Feigel
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kellen T. Krajewski
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brian J. Martin
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nicole M. Sekel
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mita Lovalekar
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Christopher K. Kargl
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kristen J. Koltun
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Carola Van Eck
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shawn D. Flanagan
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Center for Lower Extremity Ambulatory ResearchRosalind Franklin University of Medicine & ScienceNorth ChicagoILUSA
| | - Christopher Connaboy
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Center for Lower Extremity Ambulatory ResearchRosalind Franklin University of Medicine & ScienceNorth ChicagoILUSA
| | - Sophie L. Wardle
- Army Health and Performance ResearchArmy HeadquartersAndoverUK
- Present address:
Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Thomas J. O'Leary
- Army Health and Performance ResearchArmy HeadquartersAndoverUK
- Present address:
Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Julie P. Greeves
- Army Health and Performance ResearchArmy HeadquartersAndoverUK
- Present address:
Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- Present address:
Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Bradley C. Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory and Warrior Human Performance Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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11
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Si J, Sun L, Qin Y, Peng L, Gong Y, Gao C, Shen W, Li M. Cannabinoids improve mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of exhaustive exercise training rats by inhibiting mitophagy through the PINK1/PARKIN and BNIP3 pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 389:110855. [PMID: 38182033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a pure natural phytocannabinoid derived from cannabis that has anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antioxidative stress abilities. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have reported the regulatory effect of CBD on skeletal muscle injury induced by exercise, but its mechanism is still unclear. Mitochondria are the main organelles responsible for the energy supply within eukaryotic cells, and their function has been closely linked to cellular health. Moderate exercise improves mitochondrial function, but the excessive exercise has a negative impact on mitochondria. Therefore, we speculate that CBD may promote exercise induced skeletal muscle cell damage by improving mitochondrial function. In this study, by establishing an animal model of exhaustive exercise training in rats, the protective effect of CBD on skeletal muscle mitochondrial structure and function was elaborated, and the possible molecular mechanism was discussed based on transcriptomics. Our results indicate that skeletal muscle mitochondrial structure and function were improved after CBD intervention. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that exhaustive exercise training induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle is associated with excessive autophagy/mitophagy, the signaling pathways involved in FOXO3 and GABARAPL1 may play important roles. After CBD intervention, the protein expression of PINK1, PARKIN and BNIP3 was down-regulated, indicating that CBD may improve the mitochondrial function by inhibiting mitophagy through the PINK1/PARKIN and BNIP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Si
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin, 150008, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin, 150008, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin, 150008, China
| | - Lina Peng
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin, 150008, China.
| | | | - Chun Gao
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin, 150008, China
| | - Wenhui Shen
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin, 150008, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Harbin Sport University, Harbin, 150008, China
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12
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Zhang A, Guo X, Bao K, Wu D, Liu H, Gao Z, Wang H. Molecular Characterization and Expression Changes of the bcl2l13 Gene in Response to Hypoxia in Megalobrama amblycephala. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1136-1149. [PMID: 38392190 PMCID: PMC10887287 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a unique environmental stress, which not only reflects the insufficient oxygen supply of cells and tissues, but also occurs in various physiological and pathological environments. Mitophagy as a selective autophagy can recover and utilize damaged organelles and misfolded proteins to ensure normal cell functions and promote cell survival. Bcl2l13 (B-cell lymphoma-2 like 13) is reported to induce mitophagy as a functional mammalian homolog of Atg32. However, the function of the bcl2l13 gene is still unclear in fish. Here the sequence and structure of the bcl2l13 gene in Megalobrama amblycephala were identified and showed that bcl2l13 contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1458 bp for encoding 485 aa. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that Bcl2l13, as a typical anti-apoptotic protein of the Bcl2 family, contained four BH domains, one BHNo domain, and one TM domain. Further study showed that Bcl2l13 was mainly located in the mitochondria, while its localization was changed within the whole cell after the TM domain was deleted. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that bcl2l13 showed higher expression levels in early embryos. After hypoxia treatment, the mRNA levels of the bcl2l13 and autophagy-related genes were significantly up-regulated in most detected tissues, and the bcl2l13 transcription was regulated by Hif-1α mediated pathway. Additionally, the transcription activity of the bcl2l13 promoter was further analyzed using luciferase reporter assays and showed the highest activity in the promoter region from -475 to +111. These results indicated that bcl2l13 may play important roles in embryogenesis and hypoxia mediated autophagy in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuefei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kaikai Bao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Danyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zexia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
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13
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Wang W, Zhang T, Du L, Li K, Zhang L, Li H, Gao X, Xu L, Li J, Gao H. Transcriptomic analysis reveals diverse expression patterns underlying the fiber diameter of oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles in steers. Meat Sci 2024; 207:109350. [PMID: 37844514 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles consist of heterogeneous fibers with various contractile and metabolic properties that affect meat quality. The size of muscle fibers contributes to muscle mass and myopathy. Thus, improved understanding of the expression patterns underlying fiber size might open possibilities to change them using genetic methods. The aim of this study was to reveal transcriptomic landscapes of one oxidative (Psoas major) and three glycolytic (Longissimus lumborum, Triceps brachii, and Semimembranosus) muscles. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed significant differences in gene expression among the four muscles. Specifically, 2777 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between six pairwise comparisons of the four muscles. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified six modules, which were significantly associated with muscle fiber diameter. We also identified 23 candidate genes, and enrichment analysis showed that biosynthesis of amino acids (bta01230), sarcomere (GO:0030017), and regulation of actin cytoskeleton (bta04810) overlapped in DEGs and WGCNA. Nineteen of these genes (e.g., EEF1A2, FARSB, and PINK1) have been reported to promote or inhibit muscle growth and development. Our findings contribute to the understanding of fiber size differences among oxidative and glycolytic muscles, which may provide a basis for breeding to improve meat yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tianliu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lili Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Keanning Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lupei Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Haipeng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xue Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lingyang Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Junya Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huijiang Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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14
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Noone J, Damiot A, Kenny H, Chery I, Zahariev A, Normand S, Crampes F, de Glisezinski I, Rochfort KD, Laurens C, Bareille MP, Simon C, Bergouignan A, Blanc S, O'Gorman DJ. The impact of 60 days of -6° head down tilt bed rest on mitochondrial content, respiration and regulators of mitochondrial dynamics. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 38050414 DOI: 10.1113/jp284734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how skeletal muscle metabolism and mitochondrial function adapt to long duration bed rest and whether changes can be prevented by nutritional intervention. The present study aimed (1) to assess the effect of prolonged bed rest on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and dynamics and (2) to determine whether micronutrient supplementation would mitigate the adverse metabolic effect of bed rest. Participants were maintained in energy balance throughout 60 days of bed rest with micronutrient supplementation (INT) (body mass index: 23.747 ± 1.877 kg m-2 ; 34.80 ± 7.451 years; n = 10) or without (control) (body mass index: 24.087 ± 2.088 kg m-2 ; 33.50 ± 8.541 years; n = 10). Indirect calorimetry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were used for measures of energy expenditure, exercise capacity and body composition. Mitochondrial respiration was determined by high-resolution respirometry in permeabilized muscle fibre bundles from vastus lateralis biopsies. Protein and mRNA analysis further examined the metabolic changes relating to regulators of mitochondrial dynamics induced by bed rest. INT was not sufficient in preserving whole body metabolic changes conducive of a decrease in body mass, fat-free mass and exercise capacity within both groups. Mitochondrial respiration, OPA1 and Drp1 protein expression decreased with bed rest, with an increase pDrp1s616 . This reduction in mitochondrial respiration was explained through an observed decrease in mitochondrial content (mtDNA:nDNA). Changes in regulators of mitochondrial dynamics indicate an increase in mitochondrial fission driven by a decrease in inner mitochondrial membrane fusion (OPA1) and increased pDrp1s616 . KEY POINTS: Sixty days of -6° head down tilt bed rest leads to significant changes in body composition, exercise capacity and whole-body substrate metabolism. Micronutrient supplementation throughout bed rest did not preserve whole body metabolic changes. Bed rest results in a decrease in skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity, mainly as a result of an observed decrease in mitochondrial content. Prolonged bed rest ensues changes in key regulators of mitochondrial dynamics. OPA1 and Drp1 are significantly reduced, with an increase in pDrp1s616 following bed rest indicative of an increase in mitochondrial fission. Given the reduction in mitochondrial content following 60 days of bed rest, the maintenance of regulators of mitophagy in line with the increase in regulators of mitochondrial fission may act to maintain mitochondrial respiration to meet energy demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Noone
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Institute for Cellular and Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Anthony Damiot
- CNRS UMR7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Helena Kenny
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Institute for Cellular and Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabelle Chery
- CNRS UMR7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Zahariev
- CNRS UMR7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Normand
- CarMen Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, University Claude Bernard Lyon1, Human Nutrition Research Center Rhône-Alpes, Oullins, France
| | - François Crampes
- Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Sports Medicine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases and University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University and Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle de Glisezinski
- Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Sports Medicine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases and University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University and Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Keith D Rochfort
- National Institute for Cellular and Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Laurens
- Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Sports Medicine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases and University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University and Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1048, Obesity Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Chantal Simon
- CarMen Laboratory, INSERM 1060, INRA 1397, University Claude Bernard Lyon1, Human Nutrition Research Center Rhône-Alpes, Oullins, France
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- CNRS UMR7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- CNRS UMR7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Donal J O'Gorman
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Institute for Cellular and Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Tian J, Fan J, Zhang T. Mitochondria as a target for exercise-mitigated type 2 diabetes. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:543-557. [PMID: 37874501 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of most common metabolic diseases and continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide. Although great efforts have been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of diabetes, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. Notably, overwhelming evidence has demonstrated that mitochondria are tightly correlated with the development of T2DM, and the defects of mitochondrial function in peripheral insulin-responsive tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue, are crucial drivers of T2DM. Furthermore, exercise training is considered as an effective stimulus for improving insulin sensitivity and hence is regarded as the best strategy to prevent and treat T2DM. Although the precise mechanisms by which exercise alleviates T2DM are not fully understood, mitochondria may be critical for the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tian
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Fan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Wen W, Guo C, Chen Z, Yang D, Zhu D, Jing Q, Zheng L, Sun C, Tang C. Regular exercise attenuates alcoholic myopathy in zebrafish by modulating mitochondrial homeostasis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294700. [PMID: 38032938 PMCID: PMC10688687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic myopathy is caused by chronic consumption of alcohol (ethanol) and is characterized by weakness and atrophy of skeletal muscle. Regular exercise is one of the important ways to prevent or alleviate skeletal muscle myopathy. However, the beneficial effects and the exact mechanisms underlying regular exercise on alcohol myopathy remain unclear. In this study, a model of alcoholic myopathy was established using zebrafish soaked in 0.5% ethanol. Additionally, these zebrafish were intervened to swim for 8 weeks at an exercise intensity of 30% of the absolute critical swimming speed (Ucrit), aiming to explore the beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of regular exercise on alcoholic myopathy. This study found that regular exercise inhibited protein degradation, improved locomotion ability, and increased muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in ethanol-treated zebrafish. In addition, regular exercise increases the functional activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes and upregulates the expression levels of MRC complexes. Regular exercise can also improve oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics in zebrafish skeletal muscle induced by ethanol. Additionally, regular exercise can activate mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibit mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Together, our results suggest regular exercise is an effective intervention strategy to improve mitochondrial homeostasis to attenuate alcoholic myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Danting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Quwen Jing
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenchen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Physical Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changfa Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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17
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Ruegsegger GN, Pataky MW, Simha S, Robinson MM, Klaus KA, Nair KS. High-intensity aerobic, but not resistance or combined, exercise training improves both cardiometabolic health and skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:763-774. [PMID: 37616334 PMCID: PMC10642518 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00405.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how different exercise training modalities influence skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics. Healthy [average body mass index (BMI): 25.8 kg/m2], sedentary younger and older participants underwent 12 wk of supervised high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT; n = 13), resistance training (RT; n = 14), or combined training (CT; n = 11). Mitochondrial structure was assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Regulators of mitochondrial fission and fusion, cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇o2peak), insulin sensitivity via a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and muscle mitochondrial respiration were assessed. TEM showed increased mitochondrial volume, number, and perimeter following HIIT (P < 0.01), increased mitochondrial number following CT (P < 0.05), and no change in mitochondrial abundance after RT. Increased mitochondrial volume associated with increased mitochondrial respiration and insulin sensitivity following HIIT (P < 0.05). Increased mitochondrial perimeter associated with increased mitochondrial respiration, insulin sensitivity, and V̇o2peak following HIIT (P < 0.05). No such relationships were observed following CT or RT. OPA1, a regulator of fusion, was increased following HIIT (P < 0.05), whereas FIS1, a regulator of fission, was decreased following HIIT and CT (P < 0.05). HIIT also increased the ratio of OPA1/FIS1 (P < 0.01), indicative of the balance between fission and fusion, which positively correlated with improvements in respiration, insulin sensitivity, and V̇o2peak (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HIIT induces a larger, more fused mitochondrial tubular network. Changes indicative of increased fusion following HIIT associate with improvements in mitochondrial respiration, insulin sensitivity, and V̇o2peak supporting the idea that enhanced mitochondrial fusion accompanies notable health benefits of HIIT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We assessed the effects of 12 wk of supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training, and combined training (CT) on skeletal muscle mitochondrial abundance and markers of fission and fusion. HIIT increased mitochondrial area and size and promoted protein changes indicative of increased mitochondrial fusion, whereas lessor effects were observed after CT and no changes were observed after RT. Furthermore, increased mitochondrial area and size after HIIT associated with improved mitochondrial respiration, cardiorespiratory fitness, and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Ruegsegger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Mark W Pataky
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Suvyaktha Simha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - Katherine A Klaus
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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18
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Guo L, Quan M, Pang W, Yin Y, Li F. Cytokines and exosomal miRNAs in skeletal muscle-adipose crosstalk. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:666-681. [PMID: 37599201 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissues (ATs) are secretory organs that release secretory factors including cytokines and exosomes. These factors mediate muscle-adipose crosstalk to regulate systemic metabolism via paracrine and endocrine pathways. Myokines and adipokines are cytokines secreted by skeletal muscle and ATs, respectively. Exosomes loaded with nucleic acids, proteins, lipid droplets, and organelles can fuse with the cytoplasm of target cells to perform regulatory functions. A major regulatory component of exosomes is miRNA. In addition, numerous novel myokines and adipokines have been identified through technological innovations. These discoveries have identified new biomarkers and sparked new insights into the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle growth and adipose deposition. The knowledge may contribute to potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Menchus Quan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fengna Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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19
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Whytock KL, Pino MF, Sun Y, Yu G, De Carvalho FG, Yeo RX, Vega RB, Parmar G, Divoux A, Kapoor N, Yi F, Cornnell H, Patten DA, Harper ME, Gardell SJ, Smith SR, Walsh MJ, Sparks LM. Comprehensive interrogation of human skeletal muscle reveals a dissociation between insulin resistance and mitochondrial capacity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E291-E302. [PMID: 37584609 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00143.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and blunted mitochondrial capacity in skeletal muscle are often synonymous, however, this association remains controversial. The aim of this study was to perform an in-depth multifactorial comparison of skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity between individuals who were lean and active (Active, n = 9), individuals with obesity (Obese, n = 9), and individuals with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 22). Mitochondrial capacity was assessed by ex vivo mitochondrial respiration with fatty-acid and glycolytic-supported protocols adjusted for mitochondrial content (mtDNA and citrate synthase activity). Supercomplex assembly was measured by Blue Native (BN)-PAGE and immunoblot. Tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle intermediates were assessed with targeted metabolomics. Exploratory transcriptomics and DNA methylation analyses were performed to uncover molecular differences affecting mitochondrial function among the three groups. We reveal no discernable differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content, mitochondrial capacity, supercomplex assembly, TCA cycle intermediates, and mitochondrial molecular profiles between obese individuals with and without T2D that had comparable levels of confounding factors (body mass index, age, and aerobic capacity). We highlight that lean, active individuals have greater mitochondrial content, mitochondrial capacity, supercomplex assembly, and TCA cycle intermediates. These phenotypical changes are reflected at the level of DNA methylation and gene transcription. The collective observation of comparable muscle mitochondrial capacity in individuals with obesity and T2D (vs. individuals without T2D) underscores a dissociation from skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Clinical trial number: NCT01911104.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Whether impaired mitochondrial capacity contributes to skeletal muscle insulin resistance is debated. Our multifactorial analysis shows no differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content, mitochondrial capacity, and mitochondrial molecular profiles between obese individuals with and without T2D that had comparable levels of confounding factors (BMI, age, aerobic capacity). We highlight that lean, active individuals have enhanced skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity that is also reflected at the level of DNA methylation and gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Whytock
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Maria F Pino
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Yifei Sun
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States
| | - GongXin Yu
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | | | - Reichelle X Yeo
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Rick B Vega
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Gaganvir Parmar
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adeline Divoux
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Nidhi Kapoor
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Fancaho Yi
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Heather Cornnell
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - David A Patten
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Gardell
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Steven R Smith
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, United States
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20
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Sheikhhoseini R, Dadfar M, Shahrbanian S, Piri H, Salsali M. The effects of exercise training on knee repositioning sense in people with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:592. [PMID: 37468853 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is one of the most common global joint disorders, especially in aging population, and is among leading health-related concerns of societies. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was done to investigate the results related to the effects of exercise interventions on knee repositioning sense in patients with knee OA. METHODS An extensive search was independently performed in electronic databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar, to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) conducted on knee OA and to evaluate knee repositioning sense before and after different exercise interventions. After extracting relevant data from eligible studies, results of the studies were pooled using a random-effects model of meta-analysis. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) of clinical trials was used for quality assessment of eligible studies. RESULTS Among 2702 studies identified in the initial search, 17 studies were eligible for final systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that the patients who participated in different exercise interventions had significantly less knee repositioning error (mean differences: -1.141 degrees (95%CI: -1.510, -0.772, P < .001) compared to those who did not undergo exercise interventions. The eligible studies exhibited publication bias (Intercept: -6.69, P = .002), and the data showed significant heterogeneity (I2 = 85.633%, Q = 153.125, P < .001). Moreover, meta regression showed more prolonged exercise duration might have more effects on knee repositioning error (Coefficient=-0.860, 95% CI=-1.705, -0.016, Z=-2.00, P = .045). CONCLUSION There is strong evidence that exercise interventions may effectively reduce knee repositioning error. Moreover, it seems that more prolonged exercise duration may be associated with the greater effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Sheikhhoseini
- Department of corrective exercise & Sport injury, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdis Dadfar
- Department of Human Health and Performance, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shahnaz Shahrbanian
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hashem Piri
- Department of corrective exercise & Sport injury, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salsali
- Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Picca A, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Calvani R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Leewenburgh C, Marzetti E. Inflammatory, mitochondrial, and senescence-related markers: Underlying biological pathways of muscle aging and new therapeutic targets. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112204. [PMID: 37169101 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of functional health is pivotal for achieving independent life in older age. The aged muscle is characterized by ultrastructural changes, including loss of type I and type II myofibers and a greater proportion of cytochrome c oxidase deficient and succinate dehydrogenase positive fibers. Both intrinsic (e.g., altered proteostasis, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction) and extrinsic factors (e.g., denervation, altered metabolic regulation, declines in satellite cells, and inflammation) contribute to muscle aging. Being a hub for several cellular activities, mitochondria are key to myocyte viability and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in age-associated physical decline. The maintenance of functional organelles via mitochondrial quality control (MQC) processes is, therefore, crucial to skeletal myofiber viability and organismal health. The autophagy-lysosome pathway has emerged as a critical step of MQC in muscle by disposing organelles and proteins via their tagging for autophagosome incorporation and delivery to the lysosome for clearance. This pathway was found to be altered in muscle of physically inactive older adults. A relationship between this pathway and muscle tissue composition of the lower extremities as well as physical performance was also identified. Therefore, integrating muscle structure and myocyte quality control measures in the evaluation of muscle health may be a promising strategy for devising interventions fostering muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, 70100 Bari, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, 70100 Bari, Italy; DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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22
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de Wet S, Mangali A, Batt R, Kriel J, Vahrmeijer N, Niehaus D, Theart R, Loos B. The Highs and Lows of Memantine-An Autophagy and Mitophagy Inducing Agent That Protects Mitochondria. Cells 2023; 12:1726. [PMID: 37443760 PMCID: PMC10340721 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Memantine is an FDA-approved, non-competitive NMDA-receptor antagonist that has been shown to have mitochondrial protective effects, improve cell viability and enhance clearance of Aβ42 peptide. Currently, there are uncertainties regarding the precise molecular targets as well as the most favourable treatment concentrations of memantine. Here, we made use of an imaging-based approach to investigate the concentration-dependent effects of memantine on mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamics, autophagy and mitochondrial quality control using a neuronal model of CCCP-induced mitochondrial injury so as to better unpack how memantine aids in promoting neuronal health. GT1-7 murine hypothalamic cells were cultured under standard conditions, treated with a relatively high and low concentration (100 µM and 50 µM) of memantine for 48 h. Images were acquired using a Zeiss 780 PS1 platform. Utilising the mitochondrial event localiser (MEL), we demonstrated clear concentration-dependent effects of memantine causing a protective response to mitochondrial injury. Both concentrations maintained the mitochondrial network volume whilst the low concentration caused an increase in mitochondrial number as well as increased fission and fusion events following CCCP-induced injury. Additionally, we made use of a customised Python-based image processing and analysis pipeline to quantitatively assess memantine-dependent changes in the autophagosomal and lysosomal compartments. Our results revealed that memantine elicits a differential, concentration-dependent effect on autophagy pathway intermediates. Intriguingly, low but not high concentrations of memantine lead to the induction of mitophagy. Taken together, our findings have shown that memantine is able to protect the mitochondrial network by preserving its volume upon mitochondrial injury with high concentrations of memantine inducing macroautophagy, whereas low concentrations lead to the induction of mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholto de Wet
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Asandile Mangali
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Richard Batt
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Jurgen Kriel
- Microscopy Unit, Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Nicola Vahrmeijer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Dana Niehaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Stikland Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7530, South Africa
| | - Rensu Theart
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Ben Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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23
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Reardon KM, Walton BN, Husak JF. How does mitochondria function contribute to aerobic performance enhancement in lizards? Front Physiol 2023; 14:1165313. [PMID: 37215170 PMCID: PMC10198381 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1165313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Aerobic exercise typically enhances endurance across vertebrates so that chronically high energy demands can be met. Some known mechanisms of doing this include increases in red blood cell numbers, angiogenesis, muscle fiber adaptions, mitochondria biogenesis, and changes to cellular metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. We used green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis) to test for an effect of aerobic exercise on metabolism, mitochondria densities, and mitochondrial function. Methods: We first tested the response of green anoles to endurance training and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) supplementation, which has been shown to increase mitochondria biogenesis. We also conducted a mitochondrial stress test to determine how training affected mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle fibers. Results: Aerobic exercise led to increased endurance and decreased standard metabolic rate (SMR), while PQQ did not affect endurance and increased SMR. In a second experiment, aerobic exercise increased endurance and decreased resting metabolic rate (RMR) in both male and female green anoles. Higher counts of mitochondrial gene copies in trained lizards suggested additional mitochondria adaptations to achieve increased endurance and decreased metabolism. A mitochondrial stress test revealed no effect on baseline oxygen consumption rates of muscle fibers, but untrained lizards had higher maximal oxygen consumption rates with the addition of metabolic fuel. Conclusion: It is likely that trained lizards exhibited lower maximal oxygen consumption rates by developing higher mitochondria efficiency. This adaptation allows for high ATP demand to be met by making more ATP per oxygen molecule consumed. On the other hand, it is possible that untrained lizards prioritized limiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at rest, while sacrificing higher levels of proton leak and higher oxygen consumption rates when working to meet high ATP demand.
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24
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Zhang H, Zhao C, Hou J, Su P, Yang Y, Xia B, Zhao X, He R, Wang L, Cao C, Liu T, Tian J. Red ginseng extract improves skeletal muscle energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in chronic fatigue mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1077249. [PMID: 36618917 PMCID: PMC9816794 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1077249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscles are organs with high energy requirements, especially during vigorous exercise. Adequate mitochondrial function is essential to meet the high energy needs of skeletal muscle cells. Recent studies have reported that red ginseng can significantly improve chronic fatigue; however, the specific mechanism of action is still not clear. Methods: A chronic fatigue syndrome mouse model was developed using C57BL/6J mice through long-term compound stimulation of stress factors. Following this, the animals were orally administered 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg red ginseng extracts for 28 days. Skeletal muscle lactate acid, serum lactate dehydrogenase, urea concentrations, ATP level, mitochondrial membrane potential, activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and cytochrome c oxidase were determined using assay kits or an automatic biochemical analyser detection system. Skeletal muscle mitochondria morphology was observed using electron microscopy and the expression of p-AMPK, PGC-1α, ACO2 and complex I in skeletal muscle protein was determined by western blotting. Results: Oral administration of 400 or 600 mg/kg red ginseng extract in mice with chronic fatigue reduced lactic acid, lactate dehydrogenase and urea, rescued the density and morphology of skeletal muscle mitochondria, increased the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and cytochrome c oxidase, and activated the AMPK/PGC-1α cascade pathway, resulting in improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial function by restoring ATP level, mitochondrial membrane potential, complex I and mitochondrial biogenesis. Conclusion: The anti-fatigue effects of red ginseng are partly related to its potent mitochondrial improving activity, including decreasing mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial membrane permeability, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, thus ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Hou
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Su
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoang Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Ting Liu, ; Jixiang Tian,
| | - Jixiang Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Ting Liu, ; Jixiang Tian,
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25
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Kataoka T. Biological properties of the BCL-2 family protein BCL-RAMBO, which regulates apoptosis, mitochondrial fragmentation, and mitophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1065702. [PMID: 36589739 PMCID: PMC9800997 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1065702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in the regulation of cellular stress responses, including cell death. Damaged mitochondria are removed by fission and fusion cycles and mitophagy, which counteract cell death. BCL-2 family proteins possess one to four BCL-2 homology domains and regulate apoptosis signaling at mitochondria. BCL-RAMBO, also known as BCL2-like 13 (BCL2L13), was initially identified as one of the BCL-2 family proteins inducing apoptosis. Mitophagy receptors recruit the ATG8 family proteins MAP1LC3/GABARAP via the MAP1LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif to initiate mitophagy. In addition to apoptosis, BCL-RAMBO has recently been identified as a mitophagy receptor that possesses the LIR motif and regulates mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy. In the 20 years since its discovery, many important findings on BCL-RAMBO have been increasingly reported. The biological properties of BCL-RAMBO are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Kataoka
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan,Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan,*Correspondence: Takao Kataoka,
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26
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Forte M, Rodolico D, Ameri P, Catalucci D, Chimenti C, Crotti L, Schirone L, Pingitore A, Torella D, Iacovone G, Valenti V, Schiattarella GG, Perrino C, Sciarretta S. Molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise and dietary interventions in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2022; 24:e3-e14. [PMID: 36729582 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases still represent a major cause of mortality worldwide. In addition to pharmacological approaches, lifestyle interventions can also be adopted for the prevention of these morbid conditions. Lifestyle changes include exercise and dietary restriction protocols, such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, which were shown to delay cardiovascular ageing and elicit health-promoting effects in preclinical models of cardiometabolic diseases. Beneficial effects are mediated by the restoration of multiple molecular mechanisms in heart and vessels that are compromised by metabolic stress. Exercise and dietary restriction rescue mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. They also improve autophagy. The result of these effects is a marked improvement of vascular and heart function. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of exercise and dietary restriction in models of diabetes and obesity. We also discuss clinical studies and gap in animal-to-human translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Forte
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli
| | - Daniele Rodolico
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rozzano.,National Research Council, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research - UOS, Milan
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - Lia Crotti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan
| | - Leonardo Schirone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina
| | - Annachiara Pingitore
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery 'Paride Stefanini' Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro
| | | | | | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina
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27
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Zhu Z, He Z, Tang T, Wang F, Chen H, Li B, Chen G, Wang J, Tian W, Chen D, Wu X, Liu X, Zhou Z, Liu S. Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Revealed Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Related Genes Underlying Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1372483. [PMID: 36267810 PMCID: PMC9578809 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1372483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). We aim to explore the pathways and key genes that cause mitochondrial dysfunction during IDD and to further reveal the pathogenesis of IDD based on bioinformatic analyses. Methods Datasets GSE70362 and GSE124272 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of mitochondrial dysfunction between IDD patients and healthy controls were screened by package limma package. Critical genes were identified by adopting gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. We collected both degenerated and normal disc tissues obtained surgically, and we performed western blot and qPCR to verify the key DEGs identified in intervertebral disc tissues. Results In total, 40 cases of IDD and 24 healthy controls were included. We identified 152 DEGs, including 67 upregulated genes and 85 downregulated genes. Four genes related to mitochondrial dysfunction (SOX9, FLVCR1, NR5A1 and UCHL1) were screened out. Of them, SOX9, FLVCR1, and UCHL1 were down-regulated in peripheral blood and intervertebral disc tissues of IDD patients, while NR5A1 was up-regulated. The analysis of immune infiltration showed the concentrations of mast cells activated were significantly the highest in IDD patients. Compared with the control group, the level of T cells CD4 memory resting was the lowest in the patients. In addition, 24 cases of IDD tissues and 12 cases of normal disc tissues were obtained to verify the results of bioinformatics analysis. Both western blot and qPCR results were consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion We identified four genes (SOX9, FLVCR1, NR5A1 and UCHL1) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction that play an important role in the progress of disc degeneration. The identification of these differential genes may provide new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengya Zhu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fuan Wang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hongkun Chen
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Baoliang Li
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Xinbao Wu
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Xizhe Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Burtscher J, Vanderriele PE, Legrand M, Predel HG, Niebauer J, O’Keefe JH, Millet GP, Burtscher M. Could Repeated Cardio-Renal Injury Trigger Late Cardiovascular Sequelae in Extreme Endurance Athletes? Sports Med 2022; 52:2821-2836. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRegular exercise confers multifaceted and well-established health benefits. Yet, transient and asymptomatic increases in markers of cardio-renal injury are commonly observed in ultra-endurance athletes during and after competition. This has raised concerns that chronic recurring insults could cause long-term cardiac and/or renal damage. Indeed, extreme endurance exercise (EEE) over decades has sometimes been linked with untoward cardiac effects, but a causal relation with acute injury markers has not yet been established. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on markers of cardiac and/or renal injury in EEE athletes, outline the possible interplay between cardiac and kidney damage, and explore the roles of various factors in the development of potential exercise-related cardiac damage, including underlying diseases, medication, sex, training, competition, regeneration, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In conclusion, despite the undisputed health benefits of regular exercise, we speculate, based on the intimate link between heart and kidney diseases, that in rare cases excessive endurance sport may induce adverse cardio-renal interactions that under specific, hitherto undefined conditions could result in persistent cardiac damage. We highlight future research priorities and provide decision support for athletes and clinical consultants who are seeking safe strategies for participation in EEE training and competition.
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Long YF, Chow SKH, Cui C, Wong RMY, Qin L, Law SW, Cheung WH. Regulation of mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium by physical exercise in sarcopenia: A systematic review. J Orthop Translat 2022; 35:37-52. [PMID: 36090001 PMCID: PMC9421175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is a hallmark of the ageing process, which is characterized by the decline in muscle mass and strength. Growing evidence indicates that mitochondria dysfunction play core roles in this process. Meanwhile, physical exercise is regarded as one of the efficiency therapies to attenuate sarcopenia via regulating mitochondrial function during ageing. However, the specific mechanisms among exercise, mitochondrial function and sarcopenia are still unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to delineate the effects of physical exercise on mitochondria during ageing in order to explore potential target for rescuing sarcopenia. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Information was extracted from the included studies for review. Results In this review, 16 pre-clinical studies were included and 105 clinical studies that were not mechanistic research were excluded. 16 pre-clinical studies provided evidence that physical exercise could affect mitochondrial quality control to attenuate sarcopenia. Most of the included studies described the important role of mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium in sarcopenia and showed that effective physical exercise could influence mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, fission and mitophagy to attenuate sarcopenia in aged animal. Conclusions This systematic review provides an up-to-date sequential overview and highlights the link in the potential mitochondria-related target and physical exercise in aged animal. Translation of this article Currently, there is no standard treatment method for sarcopenia. This systematic review revealed the underlying mechanisms for how physical exercise improved muscle performance via regulating mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium, which could provide scientific support for using exercise as a timely intervention for sarcopenia. Additionally, this systematic review allows a better understanding of mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium and exercise for future development of new therapeutic interventions to attenuate sarcopenia.
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Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, Lixandrão ME, McAdam JS, O’Bryan SM, Ramos S, Roberts LM, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Bamman MM, Buford TW. State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3193-3279. [PMID: 35578962 PMCID: PMC9186317 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret B. Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Devin Drummer
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A. Harper
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia M. O’Bryan
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofhia Ramos
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Yang Y, Lei W, Zhao L, Wen Y, Li Z. Insights Into Mitochondrial Dynamics in Chlamydial Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:835181. [PMID: 35321312 PMCID: PMC8936178 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.835181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that are instrumental in the creation of energy, metabolism, apoptosis, and intrinsic immunity. Mitochondria exhibit an extraordinarily high degree of flexibility, and are constantly undergoing dynamic fusion and fission changes. Chlamydia is an intracellular bacterium that causes serious health problems in both humans and animals. Due to a deficiency of multiple metabolic enzymes, these pathogenic bacteria are highly dependent on their eukaryotic host cells, resulting in a close link between Chlamydia infection and host cell mitochondria. Indeed, Chlamydia increase mitochondrial fusion by inhibiting the activation of dynein-related protein 1 (DRP1), which can regulate host cell metabolism for extra energy. Additionally, Chlamydia can inhibit mitochondrial fission by blocking DRP1 oligomerization, preventing host cell apoptosis. These mechanisms are critical for maintaining a favorable environment for reproduction and growth of Chlamydia. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial fusion and fission, as well as the mechanisms by which Chlamydia infection alters the mitochondrial dynamics and the prospects of limiting chlamydial development by altering mitochondrial dynamics.
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Guan Y, Yan Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise and Healthspan. Cells 2022; 11:872. [PMID: 35269492 PMCID: PMC8909156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthspan is the period of our life without major debilitating diseases. In the modern world where unhealthy lifestyle choices and chronic diseases taper the healthspan, which lead to an enormous economic burden, finding ways to promote healthspan becomes a pressing goal of the scientific community. Exercise, one of humanity's most ancient and effective lifestyle interventions, appears to be at the center of the solution since it can both treat and prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases. Here, we will review the current evidence and opinions about regular exercise promoting healthspan through enhancing the functionality of our organ systems and preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Suryani D, Subhan Alfaqih M, Gunadi JW, Sylviana N, Goenawan H, Megantara I, Lesmana R. Type, Intensity, and Duration of Exercise as Regulator of Gut Microbiome Profile. Curr Sports Med Rep 2022; 21:84-91. [PMID: 35245243 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gut microbiome profile is related to individual health. In metabolic syndrome, there is a change in the gut microbiome profile, indicated by an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Many studies have been conducted to determine the effect of exercise on modifying the gut microbiome profile. The effectiveness of exercise is influenced by its type, intensity, and duration. Aerobic training decreases splanchnic blood flow and shortens intestinal transit time. High-intensity exercise improves mitochondrial function and increases the essential bacteria in lactate metabolism and urease production. Meanwhile, exercise duration affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. All of these mechanisms are related to each other in producing the effect of exercise on the gut microbiome profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Windi Gunadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, INDONESIA
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35
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Sligar J, Debruin DA, Saner NJ, Philp AM, Philp A. The importance of mitochondrial quality control for maintaining skeletal muscle function across healthspan. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C461-C467. [PMID: 35108118 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00388.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As the principal energy-producing organelles of the cell, mitochondria support numerous biological processes related to metabolism, growth and regeneration in skeletal muscle. Deterioration in skeletal muscle functional capacity with age is thought to be driven in part by a reduction in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and reduced fatigue resistance. Underlying this maladaptive response is the development of mitochondrial dysfunction caused by alterations in mitochondrial quality control (MQC), a term encompassing processes of mitochondrial synthesis (biogenesis), remodelling (dynamics) and degradation (mitophagy). Knowledge regarding the role and regulation of MQC in skeletal muscle and the influence of ageing in this process have rapidly advanced in the last decade. Given the emerging link between ageing and MQC, therapeutic approaches to manipulate MQC to prevent mitochondrial dysfuntion during ageing hold tremendous therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Sligar
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Danielle A Debruin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Saner
- Human Integrative Physiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashleigh M Philp
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Philp
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Junker A, Wang J, Gouspillou G, Ehinger JK, Elmér E, Sjövall F, Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD, Molina AJA, Ferrucci L, Picard M. Human studies of mitochondrial biology demonstrate an overall lack of binary sex differences: A multivariate meta-analysis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22146. [PMID: 35073429 PMCID: PMC9885138 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101628r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are maternally inherited organelles that play critical tissue-specific roles, including hormone synthesis and energy production, that influence human development, health, and aging. However, whether mitochondria from women and men exhibit consistent biological differences remains unclear, representing a major gap in knowledge. This meta-analysis systematically examined four domains and six subdomains of mitochondrial biology (total 39 measures), including mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, morphometry, and mitochondrial DNA copy number. Standardized effect sizes (Hedge's g) of sex differences were computed for each measure using data in 2258 participants (51.5% women) from 50 studies. Only two measures demonstrated aggregate binary sex differences: higher mitochondrial content in women's WAT and isolated leukocyte subpopulations (g = 0.20, χ2 p = .01), and higher ROS production in men's skeletal muscle (g = 0.49, χ2 p < .0001). Sex differences showed weak to no correlation with age or BMI. Studies with small sample sizes tended to overestimate effect sizes (r = -.17, p < .001), and sex differences varied by tissue examined. Our findings point to a wide variability of findings in the literature concerning possible binary sex differences in mitochondrial biology. Studies specifically designed to capture sex- and gender-related differences in mitochondrial biology are needed, including detailed considerations of physical activity and sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Junker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Johannes K. Ehinger
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Sjövall
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - P. Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony J. A. Molina
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,NewYork State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
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From the Bench to the Bedside: Branched Amino Acid and Micronutrient Strategies to Improve Mitochondrial Dysfunction Leading to Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030483. [PMID: 35276842 PMCID: PMC8838610 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With extended life expectancy, the older population is constantly increasing, and consequently, so too is the prevalence of age-related disorders. Sarcopenia, the pathological age-related loss of muscle mass and function; and malnutrition, the imbalance in nutrient intake and resultant energy production, are both commonly occurring conditions in old adults. Altered nutrition plays a crucial role in the onset of sarcopenia, and both these disorders are associated with detrimental consequences for patients (e.g., frailty, morbidity, and mortality) and society (e.g., healthcare costs). Importantly, sarcopenia and malnutrition also share critical molecular alterations, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and a chronic state of low grade and sterile inflammation, defined as inflammageing. Given the connection between malnutrition and sarcopenia, nutritional interventions capable of affecting mitochondrial health and correcting inflammageing are emerging as possible strategies to target sarcopenia. Here, we discuss mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammageing as key features leading to sarcopenia. Moreover, we examine the effects of some branched amino acids, omega-3 PUFA, and selected micronutrients on these pathways, and their potential role in modulating sarcopenia, warranting further clinical investigation.
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Luan Y, Ren KD, Luan Y, Chen X, Yang Y. Mitochondrial Dynamics: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets of Vascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:770574. [PMID: 34938787 PMCID: PMC8685340 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.770574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis, are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Endothelial cell (EC) or vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction leads to blood vessel abnormalities, which cause a series of vascular diseases. The mitochondria are the core sites of cell energy metabolism and function in blood vessel development and vascular disease pathogenesis. Mitochondrial dynamics, including fusion and fission, affect a variety of physiological or pathological processes. Multiple studies have confirmed the influence of mitochondrial dynamics on vascular diseases. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics, the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial fusion and fission, and their potential effects on ECs and VSMCs. We demonstrated the possibility of mitochondrial dynamics as a potential target for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai-Di Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Luan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Choubey V, Zeb A, Kaasik A. Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation of Mammalian Mitophagy. Cells 2021; 11:38. [PMID: 35011599 PMCID: PMC8750762 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria in the cell are the center for energy production, essential biomolecule synthesis, and cell fate determination. Moreover, the mitochondrial functional versatility enables cells to adapt to the changes in cellular environment and various stresses. In the process of discharging its cellular duties, mitochondria face multiple types of challenges, such as oxidative stress, protein-related challenges (import, folding, and degradation) and mitochondrial DNA damage. They mitigate all these challenges with robust quality control mechanisms which include antioxidant defenses, proteostasis systems (chaperones and proteases) and mitochondrial biogenesis. Failure of these quality control mechanisms leaves mitochondria as terminally damaged, which then have to be promptly cleared from the cells before they become a threat to cell survival. Such damaged mitochondria are degraded by a selective form of autophagy called mitophagy. Rigorous research in the field has identified multiple types of mitophagy processes based on targeting signals on damaged or superfluous mitochondria. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of mammalian mitophagy and its importance in human health and diseases. We also attempted to highlight the future area of investigation in the field of mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Choubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.Z.); (A.K.)
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Zbinden-Foncea H, Castro-Sepulveda M, Fuentes J, Speisky H. Effect of epicatechin on skeletal muscle. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1110-1123. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666211217100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Loss of skeletal muscle (SkM) quality is associated with different clinical conditions such as aging, diabetes, obesity, cancer and heart failure. Nutritional research has focused on identifying naturally occurring molecules that mitigate the loss of SkM quality induced by a pathology or syndrome. In this context, although few human studies have been conducted, Epicatechin (Epi) is a prime candidate that may positively affect SkM quality by its potential ability to mitigate muscle mass loss. This seems to be a consequence of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, and its stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis to increase myogenic differentiation, as well as its modulation of key proteins involved in SkM structure, function, metabolism, and growth. In conclusion, the Epi could prevent, mitigate, delay, and even treat muscle-related disorders caused by aging and diseases, however, studies in humans are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jocelyn Fuentes
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernan Speisky
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Energy transfer between the mitochondrial network and lipid droplets in insulin resistant skeletal muscle. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 24:100487. [PMID: 35274067 PMCID: PMC8903156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and lipid droplets in the insulin resistant skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic individuals have both been heavily investigated independently and are characterized by more fragmented, dysfunctional mitochondrial networks and larger lipid droplets compared to skeletal muscle of healthy individuals. Specialized contacts between mitochondrial and lipid droplet membranes are known to decrease in diabetic muscle, though it remains unclear how energy transfer at the remaining mitochondria-lipid droplet contact sites may be altered by type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent data on mitochondrial structure and function and lipid droplet dynamics in type 2 diabetic skeletal muscle and to underscore the need for more detailed investigations into the functional nature of mitochondria-lipid droplet interactions in type 2 diabetes.
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Gasier HG, Suliman HB, Piantadosi CA. The HO-1/CO System and Mitochondrial Quality Control in Skeletal Muscle. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 50:49-55. [PMID: 34690283 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Inducible heme oxygenase (HO)-1 catalyzes the breakdown of heme to biliverdin, iron and carbon monoxide (CO). CO binds to cytochrome c oxidase and alters mitochondrial redox balance and coordinately regulates mitochondrial quality control (MQC) during oxidant stress and inflammation. The hypothesis presented is that skeletal muscle HO-1/CO system helps modulate components in the MQC cycle during metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath G Gasier
- Department of Anesthesiology Department of Pathology Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Castro-Sepulveda M, Fernández-Verdejo R, Tuñón-Suárez M, Morales-Zúñiga J, Troncoso M, Jannas-Vela S, Zbinden-Foncea H. Low abundance of Mfn2 protein correlates with reduced mitochondria-SR juxtaposition and mitochondrial cristae density in human men skeletal muscle: Examining organelle measurements from TEM images. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21553. [PMID: 33749943 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002615rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in the regulation of skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondria-sarcoplasmic (SR) juxtaposition, mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial cristae density (MCD), and SM quality has not been studied in humans. In in vitro studies, whether Mfn2 increases or decreases mitochondria-SR juxtaposition remains controversial. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images are commonly used to measure the organelle juxtaposition, but the measurements are performed "by-hand," thus potentially leading to between-rater differences. The purposes of this study were to: (1) examine the repeatability and reproducibility of mitochondrial-SR juxtaposition measurement from TEM images of human SM between three raters with different experience and (2) compare the mitochondrial-SR juxtaposition, mitochondrial morphology, MCD (stereological-method), and SM quality (cross-sectional area [CSA] and the maximum voluntary contraction [MVC]) between subjects with high abundance (Mfn2-HA; n = 6) and low abundance (Mfn2-LA; n = 6) of Mfn2 protein. The mitochondria-SR juxtaposition had moderate repeatability and reproducibility, with the most experienced raters showing the best values. There were no differences between Mfn2-HA and Mfn2-LA groups in mitochondrial size, distance from mitochondria to SR, CSA, or MVC. Nevertheless, the Mfn2-LA group showed lower mitochondria-SR interaction, MCD, and VO2max . In conclusion, mitochondrial-SR juxtaposition measurement depends on the experience of the rater, and Mfn2 protein seems to play a role in the metabolic control of human men SM, by regulating the mitochondria-SR interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Castro-Sepulveda
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauro Tuñón-Suárez
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Morales-Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Ciencias del Deporte, Clínica Sports Medicina Deportiva, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Mayarling Troncoso
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science & Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Jannas-Vela
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Salud Deportiva, Clinica Santa Maria, Santiago, Chile
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44
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Burtscher J, Burtscher M, Millet GP. The central role of mitochondrial fitness on antiviral defenses: An advocacy for physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101976. [PMID: 33932869 PMCID: PMC8062414 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are central regulators of cellular metabolism, most known for their role in energy production. They can be "enhanced" by physical activity (including exercise), which increases their integrity, efficiency and dynamic adaptation to stressors, in short "mitochondrial fitness". Mitochondrial fitness is closely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity. Given the importance of mitochondria in immune functions, it is thus not surprising that cardiorespiratory fitness is also an integral determinant of the antiviral host defense and vulnerability to infection. Here, we first briefly review the role of physical activity in viral infections. We then summarize mitochondrial functions that are relevant for the antiviral immune response with a particular focus on the current Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic and on innate immune function. Finally, the modulation of mitochondrial and cardiorespiratory fitness by physical activity, aging and the chronic diseases that represent the most common comorbidities of COVID-19 is discussed. We conclude that a high mitochondrial - and related cardiorespiratory - fitness should be considered as protective factors for viral infections, including COVID-19. This assumption is corroborated by reduced mitochondrial fitness in many established risk factors of COVID-19, like age, various chronic diseases or obesity. We argue for regular analysis of the cardiorespiratory fitness of COVID-19 patients and the promotion of physical activity - with all its associated health benefits - as preventive measures against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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45
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Philp AM, Saner NJ, Lazarou M, Ganley IG, Philp A. The influence of aerobic exercise on mitochondrial quality control in skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2021; 599:3463-3476. [PMID: 33369731 DOI: 10.1113/jp279411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, intricately designed to meet cellular energy requirements. To accommodate alterations in energy demand, mitochondria have a high degree of plasticity, changing in response to transient activation of numerous stress-related pathways. This adaptive response is particularly relevant in highly metabolic tissues such as skeletal muscle, where mitochondria support numerous biological processes related to metabolism, growth and regeneration. Aerobic exercise is a potent stimulus for skeletal muscle remodelling, leading to alterations in substrate utilisation, fibre-type composition and performance. Underlying these physiological responses is a change in mitochondrial quality control (MQC), a term encompassing the co-ordination of mitochondrial synthesis (biogenesis), remodelling (dynamics) and degradation (mitophagy) pathways. Understanding of MQC in skeletal muscle and the regulatory role of aerobic exercise of this process are rapidly advancing, as are the molecular techniques allowing the study of MQC in vivo. Given the emerging link between MQC and the onset of numerous non-communicable diseases, understanding the molecular regulation of MQC, and the role of aerobic exercise in this process, will have substantial future impact on therapeutic approaches to manipulate MQC and maintain mitochondrial function across health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh M Philp
- Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Saner
- Sports Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Lazarou
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian G Ganley
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew Philp
- Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
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Burtscher J, Millet GP, Place N, Kayser B, Zanou N. The Muscle-Brain Axis and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Key Role of Mitochondria in Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6479. [PMID: 34204228 PMCID: PMC8235687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise is associated with pronounced health benefits. The molecular processes involved in physiological adaptations to exercise are best understood in skeletal muscle. Enhanced mitochondrial functions in muscle are central to exercise-induced adaptations. However, regular exercise also benefits the brain and is a major protective factor against neurodegenerative diseases, such as the most common age-related form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, or the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder, Parkinson's disease. While there is evidence that exercise induces signalling from skeletal muscle to the brain, the mechanistic understanding of the crosstalk along the muscle-brain axis is incompletely understood. Mitochondria in both organs, however, seem to be central players. Here, we provide an overview on the central role of mitochondria in exercise-induced communication routes from muscle to the brain. These routes include circulating factors, such as myokines, the release of which often depends on mitochondria, and possibly direct mitochondrial transfer. On this basis, we examine the reported effects of different modes of exercise on mitochondrial features and highlight their expected benefits with regard to neurodegeneration prevention or mitigation. In addition, knowledge gaps in our current understanding related to the muscle-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Zanou
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kugler BA, Deng W, Francois B, Nasta M, Hinkley JM, Houmard JA, Gona PN, Zou K. Distinct Adaptations of Mitochondrial Dynamics to Electrical Pulse Stimulation in Lean and Severely Obese Primary Myotubes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1151-1160. [PMID: 33315810 PMCID: PMC8656367 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle from lean and obese subjects elicits differential adaptations in response to exercise/muscle contractions. In order to determine whether obesity alters the adaptations in mitochondrial dynamics in response to exercise/muscle contractions and whether any of these distinct adaptations are linked to alterations in insulin sensitivity, we compared the effects of electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) on mitochondrial network structure and regulatory proteins in mitochondrial dynamics in myotubes from lean humans and humans with severe obesity and evaluated the correlations between these regulatory proteins and insulin signaling. METHODS Myotubes from human skeletal muscle cells obtained from lean humans (body mass index, 23.8 ± 1.67 kg·m-2) and humans with severer obesity (45.5 ± 2.26 kg·m-2; n = 8 per group) were electrically stimulated for 24 h. Four hours after EPS, mitochondrial network structure, protein markers of insulin signaling, and mitochondrial dynamics were assessed. RESULTS EPS enhanced insulin-stimulated AktSer473 phosphorylation, reduced the number of nonnetworked individual mitochondria, and increased the mitochondrial network size in both groups (P < 0.05). Mitochondrial fusion marker mitofusin 2 was significantly increased in myotubes from the lean subjects (P < 0.05) but reduced in subjects with severe obesity (P < 0.05). In contrast, fission marker dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1Ser616) was reduced in myotubes from subjects with severe obesity (P < 0.05) but remained unchanged in lean subjects. Reductions in DrpSer616 phosphorylation were correlated with improvements in insulin-stimulated AktSer473 phosphorylation after EPS (r = -0.679, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that EPS induces more fused mitochondrial networks, which are associated with differential adaptations in mitochondrial dynamic processes in myotubes from lean humans and human with severe obesity. It also suggests that improved insulin signaling after muscle contractions may be linked to the reduction in Drp1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Kugler
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of
Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125,
USA
| | - Wenqian Deng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of
Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125,
USA
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport
Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bergomi Francois
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of
Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125,
USA
| | - Meaghan Nasta
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of
Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125,
USA
| | | | - Joseph A. Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory,
East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Philimon N. Gona
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of
Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125,
USA
| | - Kai Zou
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of
Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125,
USA
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Bonafiglia JT, Islam H, Preobrazenski N, Ma A, Deschenes M, Erlich AT, Quadrilatero J, Hood DA, Gurd BJ. Examining interindividual differences in select muscle and whole-body adaptations to continuous endurance training. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:2168-2176. [PMID: 33998072 DOI: 10.1113/ep089421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of the study? Do interindividual differences in trainability exist for morphological and molecular skeletal muscle responses to aerobic exercise training? What is the main finding and its importance? Interindividual differences in trainability were present for some, but not all, morphological and molecular outcomes included in our study. Our findings suggest that is inappropriate, and perhaps erroneous, to assume that variability in observed responses reflects interindividual differences in trainability in skeletal muscle responses to aerobic exercise training. ABSTRACT Studies have interpreted a wide range of morphological and molecular changes in human skeletal muscle as evidence of interindividual differences in trainability. However, these interpretations fail to account for the influence of random measurement error and within-subject variability. The purpose of the present study was to use the standard deviation of individual response (SDIR ) statistic to test the hypothesis that interindividual differences in trainability are present for some but not all skeletal muscle outcomes. Twenty-nine recreationally-active males (age: 21±2 years; BMI: 24±3; VO2 peak: 45±7 mL/kg/min) completed four weeks of continuous training (REL; n = 14) or control (CTRL; n = 15). Maximal enzyme activities (citrate synthase and β-HAD), capillary density, fibre type composition, fibre-specific SDH activity and substrate storage (IMTG and glycogen), and markers of mitophagy (BNIP3, NIX, PRKN, and PINK1) were measured in vastus lateralis samples collected before and after the intervention. We also calculated SDIR values for VO2 peak, peak work rate, and the onset of blood lactate accumulation for REL and a separate group that exercised at the negative talk test (TT) stage. Although positive SDIR values - indicating interindividual differences in trainability - were obtained for aerobic capacity outcomes, maximal enzyme activities, capillary density, all fibre-specific outcomes, and BNIP3 protein content, the remaining outcomes produced negative SDIR values indicating a large degree of random measurement error and/or within-subject variability. Our findings question the interpretation of heterogeneity in observed responses as evidence of interindividual differences in trainability and highlight the importance of including control groups when analyzing individual skeletal muscle response to exercise training. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Bonafiglia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hashim Islam
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Nicholas Preobrazenski
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Ma
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madeleine Deschenes
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avigail T Erlich
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Meng F, Sun N, Liu D, Jia J, Xiao J, Dai H. BCL2L13: physiological and pathological meanings. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2419-2428. [PMID: 33201252 PMCID: PMC11073179 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BCL2L13 is a BCL2-like protein. It has been discovered for two decades, now on the way to be a hotspot of research with its physiological and pathological meanings found in recent years. Start with the pro-apoptotic activity, there have been reported consecutively that BCL2L13 could also induce mitochondrial fragmentation, inhibit cell death and promote mitophagy. Similar to BNIP3, BCL2L13 cannot be indiscriminately categorized into pro- or anti-apoptotic proteins. It anchors in the mitochondrial outer membrane, and expresses in various cells and tissues. This article reviews for the first time that BCL2L13 functions in physiological processes, such as growth and development and energy metabolism, and its dysregulation participating in pathological processes, including cancer, bacterial infection, cardiovascular diseases and degenerative diseases, suggesting its important roles in these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Naitong Sun
- Department of Hematology, the Third People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224001, China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
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50
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Lifelong Ulk1-Mediated Autophagy Deficiency in Muscle Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Contractile Weakness. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041937. [PMID: 33669246 PMCID: PMC7919824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of damaged mitochondria due to insufficient autophagy has been implicated in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle aging. Ulk1 is an autophagy-related kinase that initiates autophagosome assembly and may also play a role in autophagosome degradation (i.e., autophagy flux), but the contribution of Ulk1 to healthy muscle aging is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Ulk1-mediated autophagy in skeletal muscle aging. At age 22 months (80% survival rate), muscle contractile and metabolic function were assessed using electrophysiology in muscle-specific Ulk1 knockout mice (MKO) and their littermate controls (LM). Specific peak-isometric torque of the ankle dorsiflexors (normalized by tibialis anterior muscle cross-sectional area) and specific force of the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles was reduced in MKO mice compared to LM mice (p < 0.03). Permeabilized muscle fibers from MKO mice had greater mitochondrial content, yet lower mitochondrial oxygen consumption and greater reactive oxygen species production compared to fibers from LM mice (p ≤ 0.04). Alterations in neuromuscular junction innervation patterns as well as changes to autophagosome assembly and flux were explored as possible contributors to the pathological features in Ulk1 deficiency. Of primary interest, we found that Ulk1 phosphorylation (activation) to total Ulk1 protein content was reduced in older muscles compared to young muscles from both human and mouse, which may contribute to decreased autophagy flux and an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Results from this study support the role of Ulk1-mediated autophagy in aging skeletal muscle, reflecting Ulk1′s dual role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity through autophagosome assembly and degradation.
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