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Rivi V, Batabyal A, Lukowiak K. The multifaceted effects of flavonoids on neuroplasticity. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2024:RNN230150. [PMID: 38995810 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-230150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
There has been a significant increase in the incidence of multiple neurodegenerative and terminal diseases in the human population with life expectancy increasing in the current times. This highlights the urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of how different aspects of lifestyle, in particular diet, may affect neural functioning and consequently cognitive performance as well as in enhancing overall health. Flavonoids, found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and derived beverages, provide a new avenue of research that shows a promising influence on different aspects of brain function. However, despite the promising evidence, most bioactive compounds lack strong clinical research efficacy. In the current scoping review, we highlight the effects of Flavonoids on cognition and neural plasticity across vertebrates and invertebrates with special emphasis on the studies conducted in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, which has emerged to be a functionally dynamic model for studies on learning and memory. In conclusion, we suggest future research directions and discuss the social, cultural, and ethnic dependencies of bioactive compounds that influence how these compounds are used and accepted globally. Bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical studies about the effects of bioactive natural compounds on brain health will surely lead to lifestyle choices such as dietary Flavonoids being used complementarily rather than as replacements to classical drugs bringing about a healthier future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Rivi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anuradha Batabyal
- Department of Physical and Natural Sciences, FLAME University, India
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ken Lukowiak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Ulloa M, Macías F, Clapp C, Martínez de la Escalera G, Arnold E. Prolactin is an Endogenous Antioxidant Factor in Astrocytes That Limits Oxidative Stress-Induced Astrocytic Cell Death via the STAT3/NRF2 Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1879-1901. [PMID: 38755517 PMCID: PMC11144156 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced death of neurons and astrocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. While significant progress has been made in identifying neuroprotective molecules against neuronal oxidative damage, little is known about their counterparts for astrocytes. Prolactin (PRL), a hormone known to stimulate astroglial proliferation, viability, and cytokine expression, exhibits antioxidant effects in neurons. However, its role in protecting astrocytes from oxidative stress remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the effect of PRL against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative insult in primary cortical astrocyte cultures. Incubation of astrocytes with PRL led to increased enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), resulting in higher total antioxidant capacity. Concomitantly, PRL prevented H2O2-induced cell death, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and protein and lipid oxidation. The protective effect of PRL upon H2O2-induced cell death can be explained by the activation of both signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 (NRF2) transduction cascades. We demonstrated that PRL induced nuclear translocation and transcriptional upregulation of Nrf2, concurrently with the transcriptional upregulation of the NRF2-dependent genes heme oxygenase 1, Sod1, Sod2, and Gpx1. Pharmacological blockade of STAT3 suppressed PRL-induced transcriptional upregulation of Nrf2, Sod1 and Gpx1 mRNA, and SOD and GPX activities. Furthermore, genetic ablation of the PRL receptor increased astroglial susceptibility to H2O2-induced cell death and superoxide accumulation, while diminishing their intrinsic antioxidant capacity. Overall, these findings unveil PRL as a potent antioxidant hormone that protects astrocytes from oxidative insult, which may contribute to brain neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ulloa
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, México
| | - Fernando Macías
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Edith Arnold
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México.
- CONAHCYT-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.
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3
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Song W, Su F, Li S, Wang S. The association between soyfoods or soybean products consumption and executive functioning among Chinese adolescents: A cross-sectional multicenter study. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 246:104260. [PMID: 38626599 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of soyfoods or soybean products with executive functions in the brain has been less well studied. In this study, we investigated the consumption of soyfoods or soybean products and its association with executive functions in Chinese adolescents. METHODS A three-stage stratified whole group sampling method was used to investigate the consumption of soyfoods or soybean products and executive functions among 1643 Chinese adolescents aged 13-15 years. One-way ANOVA and chi-square test were used to compare the basic conditions and executive functions of adolescents with different soyfoods or soybean products consumption. Linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association between soyfoods or soybean products and executive functions. RESULTS The proportions of Chinese adolescents with soyfoods or soybean products consumption ≤0 time/week, 1-3 time/week, and ≥4 time/week were 41.14 %, 46.80 %, and 12.05 %, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that with adolescents with soyfoods or soybean products consumption ≥4 time/week as a reference, adolescents with ≤0 time/week were less likely to have executive dysfunction in inhibiting functional (OR = 17.523, 95 % CI: 7.501, 40.938), 2back (OR = 3.384, 95 % CI: 1.729, 6.623), and switching functional (OR = 7.846, 95 % CI: 3.300, 18.657), were at higher risk of executive dysfunction (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Chinese adolescents' consumption of soyfoods or soybean products is inadequate and has a positive association with executive functions. The consumption of soyfoods or soybean products among Chinese adolescents should be increased in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Hubei, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Fan Su
- College of Physical Education, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Shengpeng Li
- School of Preschool Education, Jingzhou Institute of Technology, Hubei, Jingzhou 434020, PR China
| | - Shoudu Wang
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
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4
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de Oliveira J, Moreira ELG, de Bem AF. Beyond cardiovascular risk: Implications of Familial hypercholesterolemia on cognition and brain function. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102149. [PMID: 38056504 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a metabolic condition caused mainly by a mutation in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene (LDLR), which is highly prevalent in the population. Besides being an important causative factor of cardiovascular diseases, FH has been considered an early risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive and emotional behavioral impairments in LDL receptor knockout (LDLr-/-) mice are associated with neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, impaired neurogenesis, brain oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, today, LDLr-/- mice, a widely used animal model for studying cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis, are also considered an interesting tool for studying dementia. Here, we reviewed the main findings in LDLr-/- mice regarding the relationship between FH and brain dysfunctions and dementia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade de Oliveira
- Laboratory of investigation on metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira
- Neuroscience Coworking Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Metabolism, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Federal District, DF 70910-900, Brazil; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040360, Brazil.
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Lahoda Brodska H, Klempir J, Zavora J, Kohout P. The Role of Micronutrients in Neurological Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:4129. [PMID: 37836413 PMCID: PMC10574090 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace elements and vitamins, collectively known as micronutrients, are essential for basic metabolic reactions in the human body. Their deficiency or, on the contrary, an increased amount can lead to serious disorders. Research in recent years has shown that long-term abnormal levels of micronutrients may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of some neurological diseases. Acute and chronic alterations in micronutrient levels may cause other serious complications in neurological diseases. Our aim was to summarize the knowledge about micronutrients in relation to selected neurological diseases and comment on their importance and the possibilities of therapeutic intervention in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Lahoda Brodska
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 499/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.L.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiri Klempir
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Katerinska 30, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zavora
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 499/2, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.L.B.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kohout
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, 3rd Faculty Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Videnska 800, 140 59 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Mima D, Wang LP, Zhai Y, De Q, Ba S, Da G, Wang BY, Zhao JB, Tang Y. Prevalence and risk factors for dementia in the Tibetan region: A population-based cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2023; 334:159-165. [PMID: 37094660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As China's population ages, the nationwide prevalence of dementia is increasing. However, the epidemiology of dementia among the Tibetan population remains unclear. OBJECTIVE A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 9116 participants aged >50 years in the Tibetan population to investigate the risk factors and prevalence of dementia among this population. Permanent residents of the region were invited to participate, and the response rate was 90.7 %. METHODS The participants underwent neuropsychological testing and clinical assessments, from which physical measurements (e.g., body mass index, blood pressure), demographic information (e.g., gender, age), and lifestyle details (e.g., family living arrangement, smoking, alcohol arrangement) were recorded. Dementia diagnoses were made using the standard consensus diagnostic criteria. The risk factors of dementia were identified using stepwise multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The average age of the participants was 63.71 (standard deviation = 9.36), and there were 44.86 % males. The prevalence of dementia was 4.66 %. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, unmarried status, lower education level, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebral vascular disease, and HAPC were independently and positively associated with dementia (P < 0.05). However, no association was found between the frequency of religious activities and the prevalence of dementia in this population (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There exist a number of contributory risk factors for dementia in the Tibetan population, with variations associated with high altitude, religious activities (i.e., scripture turning, chanting, spinning Buddhist beads, and bowing), and dietary habits. These findings suggest that social activities, such as religious activities, are protective factors for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunzhu Mima
- Department of Neurology of People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850001, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, 10091, PR China.
| | - Yun Zhai
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Qing De
- People's Hospital of Qushui County, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850600, PR China
| | - Song Ba
- People's Hospital of Dagze County, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850100, PR China
| | - Ga Da
- People's Hospital of Linzhou County, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 851600, PR China
| | - Bin-You Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, PR China.
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Puri S, Shaheen M, Grover B. Nutrition and cognitive health: A life course approach. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1023907. [PMID: 37050953 PMCID: PMC10083484 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1023907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors affect cognitive health, such as age-related changes in the brain, injuries, mood disorders, substance abuse, and diseases. While some cannot be changed, evidence exists of many potentially possibly modifiable lifestyle factors: diet, physical activity, cognitive and social engagement, smoking and alcohol consumption which may stabilize or improve declining cognitive function. In nutrition, the focus has been mainly on its role in brain development in the early years. There is a strong emerging need to identify the role of diet and nutrition factors on age-related cognitive decline, which will open up the use of new approaches for prevention, treatment or management of age-related disorders and maintaining a good quality of life among older adults. While data on effect of high protein diets is not consistent, low-fat diets are protective against cognitive decline. Several micronutrients like B group vitamins and iron, as well as many polyphenols play a crucial role in cognitive health. Mediterranean, Nordic, DASH, and MIND diets are linked to a lower risk of cognitive decline and dementia. The relationship between the gut microbiome and brain function through the gut-brain axis has led to the emergence of data on the beneficial effects of dietary fibers and probiotics through the management of gut microbes. A “whole diet” approach as well as macro- and micro-nutrient intake levels that have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases are most likely to be effective against neurodegenerative disorders too. Young adulthood and middle age are crucial periods for determining cognitive health in old age. The importance of cardio metabolic risk factors such as obesity and hypertension, smoking and physical inactivity that develop in middle age suggest that preventive approaches are required for target populations in their 40s and 50s, much before they develop dementia. The commonality of dementia risk with cardiovascular and diabetes risk suggests that dementia could be added to present non-communicable disease management programs in primary healthcare and broader public health programs.
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Ahmad W. Glucose enrichment impair neurotransmission and induce Aβ oligomerization that cannot be reversed by manipulating O-β-GlcNAcylation in the C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109100. [PMID: 35779795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques formation and impaired neurotransmission and neuronal behaviors are primary hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that are further associated with impaired glucose metabolism in elderly AD's patients. However, the exact role of glucose metabolism on disease progression has not been elucidated yet. In this study, the effect of glucose on Aβ-mediated toxicity, neurotransmission and neuronal behaviors has been investigated using a C. elegans model system expressing human Aβ. In addition to regular diet, worms expressing Aβ were supplemented with different concentrations of glucose and glycerol and 5 mM 2-deoxyglucose to draw any conclusions. Addition of glucose to the growth medium delayed Aβ-associated paralysis, promoted abnormal body shapes and movement, unable to restore impaired acetylcholine neurotransmission, inhibited egg laying and hatching in pre-existing Aβ-mediated pathology. The harmful effects of glucose may associate with an increase in toxic Aβ oligomers and impaired neurotransmission. O-β-GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc), a well-known post-translational modification is directly associated with glucose metabolism and has been found to ameliorates the Aβ- toxicity. We reasoned that glucose addition might induce O-GlcNAc, thereby protect against Aβ. Contrary to our expectations, induced glucose levels were not protective. Increasing O-GlcNAc, either with Thiamet-G (TMG) or by suppressing the O-GlcNAcase (oga-1) gene does interfere with and, therefore, reduce Aβ- toxicity but not in the presence of high glucose. The effects of glucose cannot be effectively managed by manipulating O-GlcNAc in AD models of C. elegans. Our observations suggest that glucose enrichment is unlikely to be an appropriate therapy to minimize AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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Feng J, Zhang S, Li W, Bai T, Liu Y, Chang X. Intermittent Fasting to the Eye: A New Dimension Involved in Physiological and Pathological Changes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:867624. [PMID: 35685418 PMCID: PMC9171076 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.867624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) is gaining popularity as a therapeutic dietary strategy that regulates metabolism and can alter the development of metabolic disorders. An increasing amount of research has connected ocular diseases to IF and discovered that it has a direct and indirect effect on the eye’s physiological structure and pathological alterations. This article summarizes the progress of research on IF in regulating the physiological structures of the ocular vasculature, the anterior segment of the eye, the retina, and the choroid. We explored the therapeutic potential of IF for various common ocular diseases. In the future, a comprehensive study into the fundamental processes of IF will provide a direct and rigorous approach to eye disease prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Feng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shijiao Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenning Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianle Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Chang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Nguyen TT, Hulme J, Vo TK, Van Vo G. The Potential Crosstalk Between the Brain and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Alzheimer's Development. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1503-1512. [PMID: 35298764 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bidirectional communication between the brain and peripheral organs have been widely documented, but the impact of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) dysfunction and its relation to structural and functional brain changes have yet to be fully elucidated. This review initially examines the clinical evidence supporting associations between the brain and VAT before visiting the roles of the autonomic nervous system, fat and glucose metabolism, neuroinflammation, and metabolites. Finally, the possible effects and potential mechanisms of the brain-VAT axis on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease are discussed, providing new insights regarding future prevention and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - John Hulme
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 461-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tuong Kha Vo
- Vietnam Sports Hospital, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.,Department of Sports Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy (VNU-UMP), Vietnam National University Hanoi, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Giau Van Vo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam. .,Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam. .,Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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11
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Low folate predicts accelerated cognitive decline: 8-year follow-up of 3140 older adults in Ireland. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:950-957. [PMID: 35022554 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations of plasma folate concentrations and risk of global and domain-specific cognitive decline in older people. METHODS Data of 3140 participants from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a nationally-representative cohort of adults aged ≥50 years were used over 8-year follow-up. Biannual cognitive assessments included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), verbal fluency and immediate and delayed word recall tests (Waves 1-5) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, (MoCA) (Waves 1 and 3). Plasma folate concentrations were measured in stored blood collected at baseline. Mixed effects Poisson and linear regression determined associations between baseline folate concentrations and cognition. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted models of those aged ≥50 years at baseline, low folate at baseline (<11.2 nmol/L) was associated with higher proportions of MMSE errors (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] (1.00, 1.21), lowest vs. highest quintile) over 8 years. Plasma folate <21.8 nmol/L predicted declines in episodic memory for immediate (beta [β] = -0.26; 95% CI (-0.48, -0.03), β = -0.29; 95% CI (-0.50, 0.08) and β = -0.29; (-0.50, -0.08), for lowest three vs. highest quintile) and delayed recall (β = -0.20; 95% CI (-0.38, -0.01), β = -0.18; 95% CI (-0.37, -0.01) and β = -0.19; (-0.36, -0.01) lowest three vs. highest quintile). There were no significant associations in a subsample aged ≥65 years. CONCLUSION In those aged ≥50 years, lower concentrations of folate may have differential relationships with cognitive domains. Folate <11.2 nmol/L predicted a decline in global cognitive function, while <21.8 nmol/L predicted poorer episodic memory. Low folate was associated with accelerated decline in cognitive function and is an important marker for cognitive decline among older people.
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12
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Abstract
Glaucoma, a progressive age-related optic neuropathy characterized by the death of retinal ganglion cells, is the most common neurodegenerative cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The therapeutic management of glaucoma, which is limited to lowering intraocular pressure, is still a challenge since visual loss progresses in a significant percentage of treated patients. Restricted dietary regimens have received considerable attention as adjuvant strategy for attenuating or delaying the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we discuss the literature exploring the effects of modified eating patterns on retinal aging and resistance to stressor stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Russo
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Carlo Nucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Annagrazia Adornetto
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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13
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Nakamura M, Imaoka M, Hashizume H, Tazaki F, Hida M, Nakao H, Omizu T, Kanemoto H, Takeda M. The beneficial effect of physical activity on cognitive function in community-dwelling older persons with locomotive syndrome. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12292. [PMID: 34721979 PMCID: PMC8522643 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive decline is closely related to motor decline. Locomotive syndrome (LS) is defined as a state associated with a high risk of requiring support because of locomotive organ disorders, and can be evaluated using a questionnaire. This study aimed to clarify the effectiveness of daily goal-targeted exercise on cognitive function in two different populations classified by scores on the Locomo 25 questionnaire. Methods Seventy community-dwelling older people who participated in a 13-week health class were divided into two populations based on Locomo 25 scores: <7 (non-LS) and ≥7 (LS). Participants were presented with a daily target steps and worked towards that goal. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Japanese version of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R). Average daily physical activity (exercise [Ex]) for 13 weeks was measured using a portable activity meter. Depression status was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Results No significant differences were observed in age, years of education, body mass index, smooth muscle mass index, GDS-15 scores, or ACE-R scores between the non-LS and LS populations. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Ex (odds ratio = 5.01, p = 0.002) for 13 weeks was significantly associated with increased cognitive function in the LS population. The Ex threshold for the increase in cognitive function based on receiver operating curve analysis was 2.29 metabolic equivalents of task (METs) × h (METs · h/day) (p = 0.047) in the LS population. After 13 weeks, ACE-R scores were significantly higher in the Ex ≥ 2.29 than in the Ex < 2.29 METs · h/day group (p = 0.024, ηp2 = 0.241) in the LS population based on two-way analysis of covariance. Furthermore, a significant increase in the ACE-R memory domain was seen in the Ex ≥ 2.29 group (p = 0.035, ηp2 = 0.213). Conclusions These results suggest that Ex ≥ 2.29 METs · h/day is important for improving cognitive function in LS populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Nakamura
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Imaoka
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashizume
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan.,School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fumie Tazaki
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Hida
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nakao
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Omizu
- Department of Health and Medical Science, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashiwara, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanemoto
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takeda
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Kaizuka, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Shea TB. Improvement of cognitive performance by a nutraceutical formulation: Underlying mechanisms revealed by laboratory studies. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:281-304. [PMID: 34352370 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline, decrease in neuronal function and neuronal loss that accompany normal aging and dementia are the result of multiple mechanisms, many of which involve oxidative stress. Herein, we review these various mechanisms and identify pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, including modification of diet, that may reduce the risk and progression of cognitive decline. The optimal degree of neuronal protection is derived by combinations of, rather than individual, compounds. Compounds that provide antioxidant protection are particularly effective at delaying or improving cognitive performance in the early stages of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Laboratory studies confirm alleviation of oxidative damage in brain tissue. Lifestyle modifications show a degree of efficacy and may augment pharmacological approaches. Unfortunately, oxidative damage and resultant accumulation of biomarkers of neuronal damage can precede cognitive decline by years to decades. This underscores the importance of optimization of dietary enrichment, antioxidant supplementation and other lifestyle modifications during aging even for individuals who are cognitively intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Shea
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
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15
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Zhang C, Luo J, Yuan C, Ding D. Vitamin B12, B6, or Folate and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:781-794. [PMID: 32773392 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated that B vitamin deficiencies are an essential cause of neurological pathology. There is a need to provide evidence of the benefit of B vitamins for the prevention of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between intake and plasma levels of vitamins B12, B6, and folate and cognitive function in older populations through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were used to search the literature though August 8, 2019. We included observational population-based studies evaluating the association between concentrations or intake levels of vitamins B6, B12, or folate and cognition in older adults aged ≥45 years. The quality of all studies was assessed by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were analyzed by the random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by excluding the studies with significant heterogeneity. RESULTS Twenty-one observational studies with sample sizes ranging from 155-7030 were included in the meta-analysis. Higher levels of vitamin B12 (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61-0.97) and folate concentration (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.51-0.90) were associated with better cognition in cross-sectional studies, but not in sensitivity analyses or prospective studies. High vitamin B6 concentrations showed no significant benefit on cognition and dementia risk. Prospective studies did not provide substantial evidence for the relationship. CONCLUSION The results from our meta-analysis suggest that vitamins B12, B6, and folate may not be modifiable risk factors for slowing cognitive decline among community-dwelling older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Milošević M, Arsić A, Cvetković Z, Vučić V. Memorable Food: Fighting Age-Related Neurodegeneration by Precision Nutrition. Front Nutr 2021; 8:688086. [PMID: 34422879 PMCID: PMC8374314 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.688086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare systems worldwide are seriously challenged by a rising prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which mostly, but not exclusively, affect the ever-growing population of the elderly. The most known neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but some viral infections of the brain and traumatic brain injury may also cause NDD. Typical for NDD are the malfunctioning of neurons and their irreversible loss, which often progress irreversibly to dementia and ultimately to death. Numerous factors are involved in the pathogenesis of NDD: genetic variability, epigenetic changes, extent of oxidative/nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage. The complex interplay of all the above-mentioned factors may be a fingerprint of neurodegeneration, with different diseases being affected to different extents by particular factors. There is a voluminous body of evidence showing the benefits of regular exercise to brain health and cognitive functions. Moreover, the importance of a healthy diet, balanced in macro- and micro-nutrients, in preventing neurodegeneration and slowing down a progression to full-blown disease is evident. Individuals affected by NDD almost inevitably have low-grade inflammation and anomalies in lipid metabolism. Metabolic and lipid profiles in NDD can be improved by the Mediterranean diet. Many studies have associated the Mediterranean diet with a decreased risk of dementia and AD, but a cause-and-effect relationship has not been deduced. Studies with caloric restriction showed neuroprotective effects in animal models, but the results in humans are inconsistent. The pathologies of NDD are complex and there is a great inter-individual (epi)genetic variance within any population. Furthermore, the gut microbiome, being deeply involved in nutrient uptake and lipid metabolism, also represents a pillar of the gut microbiome-brain axis and is linked with the pathogenesis of NDD. Numerous studies on the role of different micronutrients (omega-3 fatty acids, bioactive polyphenols from fruit and medicinal plants) in the prevention, prediction, and treatment of NDD have been conducted, but we are still far away from a personalized diet plan for individual NDD patients. For this to be realized, large-scale cohorts that would include the precise monitoring of food intake, mapping of genetic variants, epigenetic data, microbiome studies, and metabolome, lipidome, and transcriptome data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Milošević
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsić
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Cvetković
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vučić
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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17
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Boyd B, McAlister C, Arrotta K, Schmitter-Edgecombe M. Self-Reported Behavior Change and Predictors of Engagement With a Multidomain Brain Health Intervention for Midlife and Older Adults: A Pilot Clinical Trial. J Aging Health 2021; 34:109-119. [PMID: 34266343 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211032483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the efficacy of a multidomain brain health intervention on health behavior change and sought to understand whether health literacy or brain health knowledge predicted engagement with the intervention. METHODS One-hundred thirty midlife and older adults were assigned to one of three intervention conditions: brain fitness (B-Fit) utilizing education and goal setting, education-only, or waitlist. Questionnaires were completed at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS Both B-Fit and education-only conditions reported improvements in health behaviors over time. Although effect size for the education-only condition was moderate, only the B-Fit condition differed significantly in health behaviors from the waitlist post-intervention. Lower baseline brain health knowledge predicted improvements in health behaviors for education-only condition. DISCUSSION The multidomain brain health intervention was successful in helping participants change their behaviors, but it was not more effective than the education-only condition. For those with lower brain health knowledge, an education-only intervention may be sufficient to encourage behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Boyd
- 6760Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Kayela Arrotta
- Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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18
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Olaso-Gonzalez G, Inzitari M, Bellelli G, Morandi A, Barcons N, Viña J. Impact of supplementation with vitamins B 6 , B 12 , and/or folic acid on the reduction of homocysteine levels in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:74-84. [PMID: 34058062 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent predictor of the risk for cognitive decline and may be a result of low levels of vitamins B12 , B6 , and folate. Previous findings suggest that adequate intake of these vitamins may reduce homocysteine levels. This review aimed to assess the effects of treatment with vitamins B6, B12 , and/or folic acid in the homocysteine levels in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A systematic literature review was conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE®, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The research question was formulated using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework: in patients with MCI (P); what is the efficacy of vitamins B6 , B12 , and/or folic acid intake (I); compared with baseline values, and/or compared with controls (C); in reducing homocysteine levels from baseline (O). A total of eight primary studies with a total of 1,140 participants were included in the review. Four were randomized controlled trials, one was a quasi-controlled trial, and three were observational studies. All studies included folic acid in their intervention, seven vitamin B12 , and four vitamin B6 . Mean (SD) length of the intervention period was 18.8 (19.3) months, ranging from 1 to 60 months. All studies showed a statistically significant decrease in homocysteine levels in groups treated with vitamins B6, B12 , and/or folic acid compared to controls, with a mean decline of homocysteine concentration of 31.9% in the intervention arms whereas it increased by 0.7% in the control arm. This review identified evidence of a reduction of plasma homocysteine levels in MCI patients taking vitamins B6, B12 , and/or folic acid supplements, with statistically significant declines being observed after 1 month of supplementation. Findings support that supplementation with these vitamins might be an option to reduce homocysteine levels in people with MCI and elevated plasma homocysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marco Inzitari
- REFiT Barcelona Research Group, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili and Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Research, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Bellelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca and Acute Geriatric Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morandi
- REFiT Barcelona Research Group, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili and Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Research, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Rehabilitation and Aged Care, Fondazione Teresa Camplani, Hospital Ancelle, Cremona, Italy
| | - Núria Barcons
- Medical Affairs, Nestlé Health Science, Vevey, Switzerland
| | - José Viña
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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19
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Arrona Cardoza P, Spillane MB, Morales Marroquin E. Alzheimer's disease and gut microbiota: does trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) play a role? Nutr Rev 2021; 80:271-281. [PMID: 33942080 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects memory and cognitive function. Clinical evidence has put into question our current understanding of AD development, propelling researchers to look into further avenues. Gut microbiota has emerged as a potential player in AD pathophysiology. Lifestyle factors, such as diet, can have negative effects on the gut microbiota and thus host health. A Western-type diet has been highlighted as a risk factor for both gut microbiota alteration as well as AD development. The gut-derived trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been previously implied in the development of cardiovascular diseases with recent evidence suggesting a plausible role of TMAO in AD development. Therefore, the main goal of the present review is to provide the reader with potential mechanisms of action through which consumption of a Western-type diet could increase AD risk, by acting through microbiota-produced TMAO. Although a link between TMAO and AD is far from definitive, this review will serve as a call for research into this new area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Arrona Cardoza
- P. Arrona Cardoza is with the Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Science, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. M.B Spillane is with the H.C. Drew School of Health and Human Performance, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, Louisiana, USA. E. Morales Marroquin is with the School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA. E. Morales Marroquin is with the Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health and Children's Health System of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Micheil B Spillane
- P. Arrona Cardoza is with the Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Science, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. M.B Spillane is with the H.C. Drew School of Health and Human Performance, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, Louisiana, USA. E. Morales Marroquin is with the School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA. E. Morales Marroquin is with the Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health and Children's Health System of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elisa Morales Marroquin
- P. Arrona Cardoza is with the Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Science, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. M.B Spillane is with the H.C. Drew School of Health and Human Performance, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, Louisiana, USA. E. Morales Marroquin is with the School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA. E. Morales Marroquin is with the Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health and Children's Health System of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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20
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Carotenoid Extract Derived from Euglena gracilis Overcomes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation in Microglia: Role of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3515-3528. [PMID: 33745115 PMCID: PMC8257518 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Activation of microglia results in the increased production and release of a series of inflammatory and neurotoxic mediators, which play essential roles in structural and functional neuronal damage and in the development and progression of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. The microalga Euglena gracilis (Euglena), rich in vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients, has gained increasing attention due to its antimicrobial, anti-viral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. In particular, anti-inflammatory properties of Euglena could exert neuroprotective functions in different neurodegenerative diseases related to inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of Euglena are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether Euglena could attenuate microglia activation and we also studied the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory activity. Our results showed that non-cytotoxic concentrations of a Euglena acetone extract (EAE) downregulated the mRNA expression levels and release of pro-inflammatory mediators, including NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated microglia. EAE also significantly blocked the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit and increased the mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Furthermore, the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and NF-κB activation were also blocked by EAE in the presence of ML385, a specific Nrf2 inhibitor. Together, these results show that EAE overcomes LPS-induced microglia pro-inflammatory responses through downregulation of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2 signaling pathways, although the two pathways seem to get involved in an independent manner.
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21
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Paulsen AJ, Pinto A, Merten N, Chen Y, Fischer ME, Huang GH, Klein BEK, Schubert CR, Cruickshanks KJ. Factors Associated with the Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in a Cohort of Middle-aged U.S. Adults. Optom Vis Sci 2021; 98:295-305. [PMID: 33771958 PMCID: PMC8007043 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) may serve as a quick and easily obtained measure of generalized neurodegeneration. Investigating factors associated with this thickness could help to understand neurodegenerative processes. PURPOSE This study aimed to characterize and identify associated factors of the mGCIPL thickness in a Beaver Dam Offspring Study cohort of middle-aged U.S. adults. METHODS Baseline examinations occurred from 2005 to 2008, with follow-up examinations every 5 years. Included participants had baseline data and measured mGCIPL at 10-year follow-up (N = 1848). The mGCIPL was measured using the Cirrus 5000 HD-OCT Macular Cube Scan. Associations between mean mGCIPL thickness and thin mGCIPL, defined as 1 standard deviation (SD) below the population mean, and baseline risk factors were investigated using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Participants (mean [SD] baseline age, 48.9 [9.3] years; 54.4% women) had mean (SD) mGCIPL thicknesses of 78.4 (8.1) μm in the right eye and 78.1 (8.5) μm in the left (correlation coefficient = 0.76). In multivariable models, age (-1.07 μm per 5 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.28 to -0.86 μm), high alcohol consumption (-1.44 μm; 95% CI, -2.72 to -0.16 μm), higher interleukin 6 levels (50% increase in level: -0.23 μm; 95% CI, -0.45 to 0.00 μm), myopia (-2.55 μm; 95% CI, -3.17 to -1.94 μm), and glaucoma (-1.74 μm; 95% CI, -2.77 to -0.70 μm) were associated with thinner mGCIPL. Age (per 5 years: odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.53), diabetes (OR, 1.89, 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.27), myopia (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.63 to 2.73), and increasing and long-term high C-reactive protein (ORs, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.01 to 2.11] and 1.74 [95% CI, 1.14 to 2.65], respectively) were associated with increased odds of thin mGCIPL. CONCLUSIONS Factors associated cross-sectionally with mGCIPL thickness, older age, high alcohol consumption, inflammation, diabetes, myopia, and glaucoma may be important to neural retina structure and health and neuronal health system-wide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Pinto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Natascha Merten
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mary E Fischer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Barbara E K Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Carla R Schubert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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22
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Gao L, Gou N, Yao M, Amakye WK, Ren J. Food-derived natural compounds in the management of chronic diseases via Wnt signaling pathway. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4769-4799. [PMID: 33554630 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1879001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that control embryonic development, adult tissue homeostasis, and pathological processes of organisms throughout life. However, dysregulation of the Wnt signaling is associated with the occurrence of chronic diseases. In comparison with the application of chemical drugs as traditional treatment for chronic diseases, dietary agents have unique advantages, such as less side effects, multiple targets, convenience in accessibility and higher acceptability in long-term intervention. In this review, we summarized current progress in manipulating the Wnt signaling using food components and its benefits in managing chronic diseases. The underlying mechanisms of bioactive food components in the management of the disease progression via the Wnt signaling was illustrated. Then, the review focused on the function of dietary pattern (which might act via combination of foods with multiple nutrients or food ingredients) on targeting Wnt signaling at multiple level. The potential caveats and challenges in developing new strategy via modulating Wnt-associated diseases with food-based agents and appropriate dietary pattern are also discussed in detail. This review shed light on the understanding of the regulatory effect of food bioactive components on chronic diseases management through the Wnt signaling, which can be expanded to other specific signaling pathway associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Gou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maojin Yao
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - William Kwame Amakye
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Ferroni NM, Berardino BG, Belluscio LM, Fernández MS, Fesser EA, Sonzogni SV, Cánepa ET. Perinatal protein malnutrition induces the emergence of enduring effects and age-related impairment behaviors, increasing the death risk in a mouse model. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:976-989. [PMID: 33034271 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1829343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life adversity impacts on the offspring's brain development and is associated with a higher risk of developing age-associated diseases. In particular, perinatal protein malnutrition appears to be one of the most critical nutritional deficiencies affecting the individual's health and survival, but little is known about its effects on the persistence of behavioral alterations throughout life. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate how perinatal protein malnutrition impacts on age-related changes in the neuromuscular, cognitive and behavioral functions throughout life in a mouse model. METHODS One group of CF-1 dams received a normal-protein diet (NP: 20% casein) during gestation and lactation, whereas another group received a low-protein diet (LP: 10% casein). The offspring of both groups were analyzed by means of several behavioral tests at four different ages (young: 6-10 weeks old, mature: 22-26 weeks old, middle age: 39-43 weeks old, and old: 55-59 weeks old). RESULTS Regarding neuromuscular functions, LP mice showed an early deterioration in muscular strength and a reduction in the body weight throughout life. Regarding behavior, while NP mice showed an age-related reduction of exploratory behavior, LP mice showed a constantly low level of this behavior, as well as high anxiety-like behavior, which remained at high levels throughout life. Regarding cognitive functions, LP mice showed deteriorated working memory at middle age. Finally, LP mice died 3.4 times earlier than NP mice. Analysis of the sex-related vulnerability showed that females and males were equally affected by perinatal protein malnutrition throughout life. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that perinatal protein malnutrition induces enduring and age-related impairment behaviors, which culminate in higher death risk, affecting males and females equally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadina M Ferroni
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno G Berardino
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura M Belluscio
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Fernández
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estefanía A Fesser
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina V Sonzogni
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo T Cánepa
- Laboratorio de Neuroepigenética, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Dietary Intake, Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Caloric Intake in Huntington's Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102946. [PMID: 32992896 PMCID: PMC7601299 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of research and experimental studies have investigated Huntington’s disease (HD), a rare neurodegenerative disease. Similarly, several studies have investigated whether high/moderate adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and specific macro and micronutrients can decrease cognitive loss and provide a neuroprotective function to neurons. This review systematically identifies and examines studies that have investigated Mediterranean Diet adherence, micro- and macronutrients, supplementation and caloric intake in people with HD, in order to identify if dietary exposures resulted in improvement of disease symptoms, a delay in age of onset or if they contributed to an earlier age of onset in people with HD. A systematic search of PubMed, Directory of open access journal and HubMed was performed independently by two reviewers using specific search terms criteria for studies. The identified abstracts were screened and the studies were included in the review if they satisfied predetermined inclusion criteria. Reference screening of included studies was also performed. A total of 18 studies were included in the review. A few studies found that patients who had high/moderate adherence to Mediterranean Diet showed a slight improvement in their Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale and Total Functional Capacity. In addition, people with HD who had high Mediterranean Diet adherence showed an improvement in both cognitive and motor scores and had a better quality of life compared to patients who had low Mediterranean Diet adherence. Furthermore, a few studies showed that supplementation with specific nutrients, such as triheaptanoin, L-acetyl-carnitine and creatine, had no beneficial effect on the patients’ Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale score. A few studies suggest that the Mediterranean Diet may confer a motor and cognitive benefit to people with HD. Unfortunately, there was little consistency among study findings. It is important for more research to be conducted to have a better understanding of which dietary exposures are beneficial and may result delaying age of onset or disease progression in people with HD.
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D'Angelo S. Current Evidence on the Effect of Dietary Polyphenols Intake on Brain Health. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200714160126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In recent years, the possibility of favorably influencing the cognitive capacity
through the promotion of lifestyle modifications has been increasingly investigated. In particular,
the relationship between nutritional habits and brain health has attracted special attention. Polyphenols
are secondary metabolites of plants. These phytochemicals are present in vegetables, fruits, legumes,
olive oil, nuts. They include several antioxidant compounds and are generally considered to be
involved in defense against chronic human diseases. In recent years, there has been a growing scientific
interest in their potential health benefits to the brain.
Objective:
In this mini-review, we focus on the current evidence defining the position of polyphenols
dietary intake in the prevention/slowdown of human neurodegenerative diseases.
Methods:
A literature research was performed using the keywords “polyphenols”, “brain”, “nutrition”,
individually or all together, focusing on human trials.
Results:
The available clinical studies on the effect of polyphenols on cognitive functions are quite
convincing. Regular dietary intake of polyphenols would seem to reduce the risk of neurodegenerative
diseases. Moreover, beyond their beneficial power on the central nervous system, these phytochemicals
seem also to be able to work on numerous cellular targets. They show different biological
actions, that however, have to be confirmed in long-term randomized clinical trials. Currently, most
data propose that a combination of phytonutrients instead of any single polyphenol is responsible for
health benefits.
Conclusions:
Evolving indications suggest that dietary polyphenols may exercise beneficial actions
on the central nervous system, thus representing a possible tool to preserve cognitive performance.
Key questions to improve the coherence and reproducibility in the development of polyphenols as a
possible future therapeutic drug require a better understanding of the sources of polyphenols, their
treatment and more standardized tests including bioavailability of bioactive metabolites and studies
of permeability of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania D'Angelo
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
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Almuhayawi MS, Ramadan WS, Harakeh S, Al Jaouni SK, Bharali DJ, Mousa SA, Almuhayawi SM. The potential role of pomegranate and its nano-formulations on cerebral neurons in aluminum chloride induced Alzheimer rat model. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1710-1716. [PMID: 32565686 PMCID: PMC7296487 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative stress leading to degenerative changes in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is evident. Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic and protective effects of pomegranate extract (PE) and pomegranate extract-loaded nanoparticles (PE nano) in an AlCl 3-induced AD rat model. Nanoparticles were synthesized with a PE load of 0.68% w/w, and 70 male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups: Group I was the control, Group II received PE., Group III received PE nano for 2 weeks, Group IV received AlCl 3 (50 mg/kg) daily orally for 4 weeks, Group V received PE for 2 weeks, Group VI received PE nano for 2 weeks, and Groups V and VI were started after AlCl 3 administration was stopped. Group VII received PE for 2 weeks and was stopped before AlCl 3 was administered. The Results revealed that the discrimination index in the novel object recognition test was the least in AD rat model but increased in cases protected with PE treated with PE nano. Similar results were shown based on calculating the brain weight/body weight percent. The biomarkers of antioxidant activity (catalase, glutathione and total antioxidant activity) in brain homogenate were significantly increased in groups treated with either PE or PE nano. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance measured to estimate lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in AD rat model and decreased in groups protected with PE or treated with PE nano. Histopathological studies using hematoxylin and eosin, cresyl violet, and silver stains revealed hyaline degeneration, chromatolysis, and hallmarks of AD; neurofibrillary tangles and the senile plaques in brains of AD rat model. Restoration of the histological architecture, Nissl granules, and minimal appearance of hallmarks of AD characterized brains treated with PE or PE nano. In conclusion, PE was more effective as a protectant than a therapeutic measure in alleviating the antioxidant, lipid peroxidative effects and histopathological hallmarks in AD brains. But, the therapeutic PE-loaded nanoparticles increased the efficacy of active components and produced similar results as the protective PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa S. Ramadan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine (FM), KAU, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Steve Harakeh
- Special Infectious Disease Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, KAU, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, FM, KAU, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, FM, KAU, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, FM, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhruba J. Bharali
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Albany Nutraceuticals, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Albany Nutraceuticals, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Saad M. Almuhayawi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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John J, Sapa NK, Shenoy RR. Virgin Coconut Oil Ameliorates Colchicine Induced Cognitive Dysfunction- A Preclinical Study. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2019.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
: Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been identified as a potential cognitive strengthener associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It contains medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) which are absorbed and easily metabolized by the liver to form ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are converted to acetyl Co-A in the brain which then enters the citric acid cycle to provide ATP and also serves as precursors of acetylcholine in neurons. Sunflower oil (SO) contains poly unsaturated fatty acids which has both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions. To compare the neuroprotective effects of VCO and SO on biochemical parameters involved in the cognitive dysfunction induced by colchicine through intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) route.To assess the role of polyphenols and MCFA present in VCO in preventing oxidative stress and its influence on in neuroprotection and memory enhancement. Methods: In the present study, we induced dementia through i.c.v injection of colchicine after giving the diet enriched VCO and SO in rats for 60 days. Rats were sacrificed on the 22nd day after the administration of colchicine. Behavioral parameters were assessed during the study period and biochemical estimations were performed using frontal cortex and hippocampus isolated from rat brain. Results: From the memory and learning tests by Morris water maze, VCO treated group performed better than SO treated rats. VCO reversed the antagonistic effects induced by colchicine by decreasing the acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde levels and increasing the levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase. SO only reduced malondialdehyde levels in cortex and hippocampus. Conclusion: The results demonstrated potential beneficiary effects of VCO in the cognitive dysfunction induced by colchicine by enhancing acetylcholine levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus and also by reducing oxidative stress induced by physiological oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeena John
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104
| | - Naveen Kumar Sapa
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104
| | - Rekha R Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104
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Howes MR, Perry NS, Vásquez‐Londoño C, Perry EK. Role of phytochemicals as nutraceuticals for cognitive functions affected in ageing. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1294-1315. [PMID: 31650528 PMCID: PMC7056459 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline can occur with normal ageing and in age-related brain disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, with limited pharmacological therapies available. Other approaches to reduce cognitive decline are urgently needed, and so, the role of dietary interventions or nutraceuticals has received much attention in this respect. In this review, we examine the evidence for dietary plants and their chemical constituents as nutraceuticals, relevant to both cognitive decline in normal ageing and in dementia. Pharmacological (in vitro and in vivo), clinical and epidemiological evidence is assessed for both frequently consumed plants and their dietary forms, including tea, coffee, cocoa (chocolate), red wine, grapes, citrus and other fruits; in addition to plants used less frequently in certain diets and those that cross the blurred boundaries between foods, nutraceuticals and medicinal plants. For the latter, turmeric, saffron, sage, rosemary and lemon balm are examples of those discussed. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie‐Jayne R. Howes
- Natural Capital and Plant Health DepartmentRoyal Botanic Gardens, KewSurreyUK
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Elaine K. Perry
- Dilston Physic GardenCorbridgeUK
- Institute for Ageing and HealthNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Versele R, Corsi M, Fuso A, Sevin E, Businaro R, Gosselet F, Fenart L, Candela P. Ketone Bodies Promote Amyloid-β 1-40 Clearance in a Human in Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E934. [PMID: 32023814 PMCID: PMC7037612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. The pathological process has not yet been clarified, although dysfunctional transport of Aβ across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) appears to be integral to disease development. At present, no effective therapeutic treatment against AD exists, and the adoption of a ketogenic diet (KD) or ketone body (KB) supplements have been investigated as potential new therapeutic approaches. Despite experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that KBs reduce the Aβ load in the AD brain, little information is available about the effect of KBs on BBB and their effect on Aβ transport. Therefore, we used a human in vitro BBB model, brain-like endothelial cells (BLECs), to investigate the effect of KBs on the BBB and on Aβ transport. Our results show that KBs do not modify BBB integrity and do not cause toxicity to BLECs. Furthermore, the presence of KBs in the culture media was combined with higher MCT1 and GLUT1 protein levels in BLECs. In addition, KBs significantly enhanced the protein levels of LRP1, P-gp, and PICALM, described to be involved in Aβ clearance. Finally, the combined use of KBs promotes Aβ efflux across the BBB. Inhibition experiments demonstrated the involvement of LRP1 and P-gp in the efflux. This work provides evidence that KBs promote Aβ clearance from the brain to blood in addition to exciting perspectives for studying the use of KBs in therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Versele
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d'Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (R.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Mariangela Corsi
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d'Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (R.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Andrea Fuso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Dip. di Chirurgia “P. Valdoni”, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emmanuel Sevin
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d'Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (R.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Rita Businaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d'Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (R.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Laurence Fenart
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d'Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (R.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
| | - Pietra Candela
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, Université d'Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (R.V.); (M.C.); (E.S.); (F.G.); (L.F.)
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Bartolome F, Antequera D, de la Cueva M, Rubio-Fernandez M, Castro N, Pascual C, Camins A, Carro E. Endothelial-specific deficiency of megalin in the brain protects mice against high-fat diet challenge. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:22. [PMID: 31937343 PMCID: PMC6961312 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing risk of obesity and diabetes among other metabolic disorders are the consequence of shifts in dietary patterns with high caloric-content food intake. We previously reported that megalin regulates energy homeostasis using blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial megalin-deficient (EMD) mice, since these animals developed obesity and metabolic syndrome upon normal chow diet administration. Obesity in mid-life appears to be related to greater dementia risk and represents an increasing global health issue. We demonstrated that EMD phenotype induced impaired learning ability and recognition memory, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, reduced neurogenesis, and mitochondrial deregulation associated with higher mitochondrial mass in cortical tissues. METHODS EMD mice were subjected to normal chow and high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks and metabolic changes were evaluated. RESULTS Surprisingly, BBB megalin deficiency protected against HFD-induced obesity improving glucose tolerance and preventing hepatic steatosis. Compared to wild type (wt), the brain cortex in EMD mice showed increased levels of the mitochondrial biogenesis regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), a thermogenic protein involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. This agreed with the previously found increased mitochondrial mass in the transgenic mice. Upon HFD challenge, we demonstrated these two proteins were found elevated in wt mice but reported no changes over the already increased levels in EMD animals. CONCLUSION We propose a protective role for megalin on diet-induce obesity, suggesting this could be related to metabolic disturbances found in dementia through brain endocrine system communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bartolome
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain. .,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Desiree Antequera
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena de la Cueva
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Rubio-Fernandez
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Castro
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Pascual
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognosia, Facultat de Farmacia, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avda de Cordoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain. .,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Introduction Antioxidant-rich diet patterns could contribute to the prevention and treatment of early stages of dementia. Nuts have an appreciable antioxidant load and there is evidence of their positive effects on several chronic diseases incidence and death rates. Moreover, they are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which might also play a positive role in neurogenesis. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence from studies related to the effects of nut consumption on cognitive function among adults. We conducted a systematic search of articles published in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 19 articles met the inclusion criteria (seven cross-sectional, four prospective cohorts and eight experimental); these were independently extracted and reviewed by two reviewers. The evidence from the cross-sectional and cohort studies was uncertain, due to the disparity of results and risk of bias. However, in most experimental studies a protective effect of nut consumption on some dimension of cognitive function was observed and the methodological quality of these studies was acceptable. In addition, the effects appear to be independent of nut type, amount of intake, age and baseline status of subjects. In summary, these results suggest that the inclusion of daily nut consumption in the healthy diet pattern of adults could have positive effects on their cognitive function. Nevertheless, more well-designed longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to provide strength to this suggestive evidence.
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Tao L, Liu K, Chen S, Yu H, An Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Qin Z, Xiao R. Dietary Intake of Riboflavin and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Can Improve the Multi-Domain Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Elderly Populations: A 2-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:226. [PMID: 31555120 PMCID: PMC6727035 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to explore the effects of dietary nutrients on cognitive function among the middle-aged and elderly populations. Methods A prospective cohort study of 1,385 middle-aged and elderly people was conducted from January 2014 to December 2017. Dietary nutrients were assessed according to the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and China Food Composition Database (CFCD). Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was used to evaluate the participants’ global cognitive function. Six other neuropsychological measures [auditory verbal learning test-immediate recall (AVLT-IR), auditory verbal learning test-short recall (AVLT-SR), auditory verbal learning test-long recall (AVLT-LR), logical memory test (LMT), digit span forward (DST-F), and digit span backward (DST-B)] were used to assess the verbal memory domain and the attention domain by principal component analysis (PCA). Multiple linear regressions were conducted to explore associations between nutrients and cognition. Sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the results. Results Dietary riboflavin was protective for global cognitive function (β = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.26, 2.35) and the verbal memory domain (β = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.71). Unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) played a protective role in global cognitive function (β = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.16, 2.14). The protective effects of riboflavin and USFA on cognitive function were consistent and reliable when different confounders were adjusted during sensitivity analyses. During the follow-up, neuropsychological measure scores revealed a reduced decline in the high-riboflavin group (d-MoCA, P = 0.025; d-AVLT-IR, P = 0.001; d-DST-B, P = 0.004; and d-composite score, P = 0.004) and the high-USFA group (d-AVLT-IR, P = 0.007; d-LMT, P = 0.032; d-DST-B, P = 0.002; and d-composite score, P = 0.008). Conclusion Higher intake of riboflavin and USFA can improve multi-dimensional cognitive functioning in middle-aged and elderly people. These findings were consistent in different models of sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Tao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyan Yu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu An
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Szczechowiak K, Diniz BS, Leszek J. Diet and Alzheimer's dementia - Nutritional approach to modulate inflammation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 184:172743. [PMID: 31356838 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease causing dementia in the elderly population. Due to the fact that there is still no cure for Alzheimer's dementia and available treatment strategies bring only symptomatic benefits, there is a pressing demand for other effective strategies such as diet. Since the inflammation hypothesis gained considerable significance in the AD pathogenesis, elucidating the modulatory role of dietary factors on inflammation may help to prevent, delay the onset and slow the progression of AD. Current evidence clearly shows that synergistic action of combined supplementation and complex dietary patterns provides stronger benefits than any single component considered separately. Recent studies reveal the growing importance of novel factors such as dietary advanced glycation end products (d-AGE), gut microbiota, butyrate and vitamin D3 on inflammatory processes in AD. CONCLUSION This paper summarizes the available evidence of pro- and anti-inflammatory activity of some dietary components including fatty acids, vitamins, flavonoids, polyphenols, probiotics and d-AGE, and their potential for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Breno S Diniz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Lim SY, Kwak YS. Effect of nutrients and exhaustive exercise on brain function. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:341-345. [PMID: 31316924 PMCID: PMC6614761 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938102.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that health-oriented eating habits are associated with maintaining optimal cognitive ability. Nutrients are functional bioactive molecules promoting human health and essential components as well. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), one of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is synthesized through elongation pathway from linolenic acid (81:3n-3) which is recognized as important source of brain function. Endurance physical exercise and energy restriction was also recognized of cardiovascular stress adjustment by enhancing brainstem cholinergic activity as well as brain function. However, we even do not know the exact neuronal mechanisms about the nutrients, β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) and myokine impacts on brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) activation. Therefore, this review focuses on recent evidence that explains how nutrients and prolonged exercise can affect nervous system pathways that are associated with improving brain function. The results revealed that frequent consumption of polyphenols and n-3 PUFAs could modify gastrointestinal environment with beneficial microorganisms. It may suggest a new hypothesis that gastrointestinal microbiome could influence cognitive function in addition to the traditional etiological pathway. And moreover, prolonged physical exercise includes open skill sports which is induced by β-oxidation of free fatty acids stimulate BDNF. And also β-HB production which is induced by carbohydrate depletion, hypoglycemia, or fasting stimulate BDNF production that acts an significantly important roles in cognitive function and acting on brain function with brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Lim
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yi-Sub Kwak
- DEU Exe-Physio Lab, Department of Physical Education, College of Arts, Design and Sports Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
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Gildawie KR, Galli RL, Shukitt-Hale B, Carey AN. Protective Effects of Foods Containing Flavonoids on Age-Related Cognitive Decline. Curr Nutr Rep 2019; 7:39-48. [PMID: 29892789 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-018-0227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Evidence suggests that flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds found in many plant-derived foods, such as berries, may allay cognitive impairment. We review recent research exploring the protective effects of flavonoids on age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders in humans and animals. We also address the mechanisms by which flavonoids may exert their effects and promising avenues of future research. RECENT FINDINGS Flavonoids have been found to decrease neuroinflammation, reduce oxidative stress, and mediate neuroplasticity in animal models of neurodegeneration and aging. Injecting flavonoids encased in metal nanoparticles may further enhance the efficacy of flavonoids. Animal studies also demonstrate that flavonoid supplementation may alleviate neurodegenerative cognitive and memory impairments. Limited human studies, however, demonstrate the need for further clinical research investigating flavonoids. Flavonoid supplementation, as well as dietary modification to include whole foods high in flavonoids, may provide therapeutic potential for aging individuals experiencing cognitive deficits resulting from neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsea R Gildawie
- Department of Psychology, Simmons College, 300 The Fenway, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel L Galli
- Department of Psychology, Simmons College, 300 The Fenway, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Amanda N Carey
- Department of Psychology, Simmons College, 300 The Fenway, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Mediterranean and MIND Diets Containing Olive Biophenols Reduces the Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112797. [PMID: 31181669 PMCID: PMC6600544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increases with nonmodifiable conditions including age and lack of effective efficacious pharmacotherapy. During the past decades, the non-pharmacotherapy mode of treatment of dietary modification received extensive attention in AD research. In order to reduce the AD pathology and cognitive decline, various dietary patterns have been attempted including caloric restriction (CR), dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), ketogenic diets (KD), Mediterranean diet (MedDi) and Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurological Delay (MIND) diet. Higher adherence to the MedDi diet was associated with decreases in cardiovascular and neurological disorders including AD and related cognitive decline. However, another emerging healthy dietary pattern MIND diet has also been associated with slower rates of cognitive decline and significant reduction of AD rate. Olive serves as one of the building block components of MedDi and MIND diets and the exerted potential health beneficial might be suggested due to the presence of its bioactive constituents such as oleic acids and phenolic compounds (biophenols). A few trials using medical food showed an optimal result in presymptomatic or early stages of AD. The review supports the notion that MedDi and MIND diets display potential for maintaining the cognitive function as nonpharmacological agents against AD pathology and proposed preventative mechanism through the presence of olive biophenols and presents the gaps along with the future directions.
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Oral administration of lutein attenuates ethanol-induced memory deficit in rats by restoration of acetylcholinesterase activity. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Michael DR, Davies TS, Loxley KE, Allen MD, Good MA, Hughes TR, Plummer SF. In vitro neuroprotective activities of two distinct probiotic consortia. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:437-447. [PMID: 30827148 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration has been linked to changes in the gut microbiota and this study compares the neuroprotective capability of two bacterial consortia, known as Lab4 and Lab4b, using the established SH-SY5Y neuronal cell model. Firstly, varying total antioxidant capacities (TAC) were identified in the intact cells from each consortia and their secreted metabolites, referred to as conditioned media (CM). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Crystal Violet (CV) assays of cell viability revealed that Lab4 CM and Lab4b CM could induce similar levels of proliferation in SH-SY5Y cells and, despite divergent TAC, possessed a comparable ability to protect undifferentiated and retinoic acid-differentiated cells from the cytotoxic actions of rotenone and undifferentiated cells from the cytotoxic actions of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+). Lab4 CM and Lab4b CM also had the ability to attenuate rotenone-induced apoptosis and necrosis with Lab4b inducing the greater effect. Both consortia showed an analogous ability to attenuate intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation in SH-SY5Y cells although the differential upregulation of genes encoding glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase by Lab4 CM and Lab4b CM, respectively, implicates the involvement of consortia-specific antioxidative mechanisms of action. This study implicates Lab4 and Lab4b as potential neuroprotective agents and justifies their inclusion in further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Michael
- 1 Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot, SA12 7BZ, United Kingdom
| | - T S Davies
- 1 Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot, SA12 7BZ, United Kingdom
| | - K E Loxley
- 1 Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot, SA12 7BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M D Allen
- 1 Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot, SA12 7BZ, United Kingdom
| | - M A Good
- 2 School of Psychology, Tower Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - T R Hughes
- 3 Systems Immunity Research Institute, Henry Welcome Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - S F Plummer
- 1 Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot, SA12 7BZ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Diet has been investigated in relation to its ability to promote cognitive function. However, evidence is currently limited and has rarely been systematically reviewed, particularly in a mild cognitive impairment (MCI) population. This review examined the effect of diet on cognitive outcomes in MCI patients. A total of five databases were searched to find randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies, with diet as the main focus, in MCI participants. The primary outcome was incident dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease (AD) and secondary outcomes included cognitive function across different domains using validated neuropsychological tests. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. There was a high degree of heterogeneity relating to the nature of the dietary intervention and cognitive outcomes measured, thus making study comparisons difficult. Supplementation with vitamin E (one study, n 516), ginkgo biloba (one study, n 482) or Fortasyn Connect (one study, n 311) had no significant effect on progression from MCI to dementia and/or AD. For cognitive function, the findings showed some improvements in performance, particularly in memory, with the most consistent results shown by B vitamins, including folic acid (one study, n 266), folic acid alone (one study, n 180), DHA and EPA (two studies, n 36 and n 86), DHA (one study, n 240) and flavonol supplementation (one study, n 90). The findings indicate that dietary factors may have a potential benefit for cognitive function in MCI patients. Further well-designed trials are needed, with standardised and robust measures of cognition to investigate the influence of diet on cognitive status.
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Panchal K, Tiwari AK. Mitochondrial dynamics, a key executioner in neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrion 2018; 47:151-173. [PMID: 30408594 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are the group of disorder that includes brain, peripheral nerves, spinal cord and results in sensory and motor neuron dysfunction. Several studies have shown that mitochondrial dynamics and their axonal transport play a central role in most common NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) etc. In normal physiological condition, there is a balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion process while any alteration to these processes cause defect in ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) biogenesis that lead to the onset of several NDs. Also, mitochondria mediated ROS may induce lipid and protein peroxidation, energy deficiency environment in the neurons and results in cell death and defective neurotransmission. Though, mitochondria is a well-studied cell organelle regulating the cellular energy demands but still, its detail role or association in NDs is under observation. In this review, we have summarized an updated mitochondria and their possible role in different NDs with the therapeutic strategy to improve the mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Panchal
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382426, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Genetics & Developmental Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), Koba, Institutional Area, Gandhinagar 382426, India.
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41
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Kim KY, Yun JM. Association between diets and mild cognitive impairment in adults aged 50 years or older. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:415-425. [PMID: 30323909 PMCID: PMC6172167 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.5.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE As aging progresses, the number of patients with cognitive impairment also increases. Cognitive function is not generally correlated with diet, and there is debate over that association. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake and cognitive function among adults aged 50 years or older. SUBJECTS/METHODS Between July 2017 and March 2018, 324 adults aged over 50 years from Gwangju Sun-Han hospital participated in a dietary survey. The frequency of food intake and related information were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and determining the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) level for 276 participants. The association between dietary intake and cognitive function was assessed by performing logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Depending on the MMSE score, the participants' age, education level, inhabitation status, medications, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, physical activity, and short geriatric depression scale score were significantly different (P < 0.05). Moreover, those participant characteristics were associated with either decreased or increased odds ratios (OR) for the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Based on analysis of the participants' intake of 112 detailed food items, which were categorized into 20 food types, intakes of cooked white rice (< 2 times/day compared with ≥ 3 times/day) (P < 0.05), properly cooked rice with other grains and legumes (P < 0.001), fruits (P < 0.05), milk (low fat and normal) (P = 0.044), liquid-type yogurt (P = 0.019), and curd-type yogurt (P = 0.015) were found to significantly decrease the OR for the risk of MCI. CONCLUSIONS Associations were significant between the risk of MCI and the intake of certain food types. Specifically, a moderate intake of cooked white rice and an adequate intake of whole grains, fruits, milk, and dairy products were associated with reduced risks of MCI among adults aged over 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Yun Kim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun-Han Hospital, Gwangju 61917, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Yun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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42
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Sato T, Ohi Y, Kato D, Mizuno M, Takase H, Kanamori T, Borlongan CV, Haji A, Matsukawa N. Hippocampal Cholinergic Neurostimulating Peptide as a Possible Modulating Factor against Glutamatergic Neuronal Disability by Amyloid Oligomers. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1542-1550. [PMID: 29113468 PMCID: PMC5680956 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717721232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite having pathological changes in the brain associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), some patients have preserved cognitive function. A recent epidemiological study has shown that diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring interventions may reduce cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people in the general population. However, the details of molecular mechanisms underlying this cognitive function preservation are still unknown. Previous reports have demonstrated that enriched environments prevent the impairment of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) through β2-adrenergic signals, when LTP is incompletely suppressed by synthetic amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers. The cholinergic network from the medial septal nucleus (MSN) is also a main modulating system for hippocampal glutamatergic neural activation through nicotinergic and/or muscarinergic acetylcholine receptors. Previously, we reported the importance of a cholinergic regulator gene in the MSN, hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide (HCNP). By using hippocampal sections from mice, we here demonstrated that the cholinergic neural activation from the MSN enhanced the glutamatergic neuronal activity during unsaturated LTP but not during saturated LTP. Synthetic Aβ oligomers suppressed the hippocampal glutamatergic activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, HCNP, as well as a cholinergic agonist acting through the muscarinic M1 receptor, prevented the suppression of hippocampal glutamatergic neuronal activity induced by synthetic Aβ oligomers. This result suggests that the persisting cholinergic activation might be a potential explanation for the individual differences in cognitive effects of AD pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyohiro Sato
- 1 Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ohi
- 2 Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kato
- 1 Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mizuno
- 1 Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- 3 Core Laboratory, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuko Kanamori
- 1 Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Akira Haji
- 2 Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Ravi SK, Narasingappa RB, Vincent B. Neuro-nutrients as anti-alzheimer's disease agents: A critical review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2999-3018. [PMID: 29846084 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1481012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a massive neuronal death causing memory loss, cognitive impairment and behavioral alteration that ultimately lead to dementia and death. AD is a multi-factorial pathology controlled by molecular events such as oxidative stress, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuro inflammation. Nowadays, there is no efficient disease-modifying treatment for AD and epidemiological studies have suggested that diet and nutrition have a significant impact on the development of this disorder. Indeed, some nutrients can protect all kind of cells, including neurons. As prevention is better than cure, life style improvement, with a special emphasis on diet, should seriously be considered as an anti-AD track and intake of nutrients promoting neuronal health is the need of the hour. Diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and vitamins have been shown to protect against AD, whereas saturated fatty acids-containing diets deprived of polyphenols promote the development of the disease. Thus, Mediterranean diets, mainly composed of fruits, vegetables and omega-3 fatty acids, stand as valuable, mild and preventive anti-AD agents. This review focuses on our current knowledge in the field and how one can fight this devastating neurodegenerative disorder through the simple proper modification of our life style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agriculture Sciences , Bangalore , Hassan , Karnataka , India
| | - Ramesh B Narasingappa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, University of Agriculture Sciences , Bangalore , Hassan , Karnataka , India
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University , Nakhon Pathom , Thailand.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique , Paris , France
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44
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Marseglia A, Xu W, Fratiglioni L, Fabbri C, Berendsen AAM, Bialecka-Debek A, Jennings A, Gillings R, Meunier N, Caumon E, Fairweather-Tait S, Pietruszka B, De Groot LCPGM, Santoro A, Franceschi C. Effect of the NU-AGE Diet on Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2018; 9:349. [PMID: 29670545 PMCID: PMC5893841 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Findings from animal and epidemiological research support the potential neuroprotective benefits from healthy diets. However, to establish diet-neuroprotective causal relations, evidence from dietary intervention studies is needed. NU-AGE is the first multicenter intervention assessing whether a diet targeting health in aging can counteract the age-related physiological changes in different organs, including the brain. In this study, we specifically investigated the effects of NU-AGE's dietary intervention on age-related cognitive decline. Materials and Methods: NU-AGE randomized trial (NCT01754012, clinicaltrials.gov) included 1279 relatively healthy older-adults, aged 65–79 years, from five European centers. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups: “control” (n = 638), following a habitual diet; and, “intervention” (n = 641), given individually tailored dietary advice (NU-AGE diet). Adherence to the NU-AGE diet was measured over follow-up, and categorized into tertiles (low, moderate, high). Cognitive function was ascertained at baseline and at 1-year follow-up with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD)-Neuropsychological Battery and five additional domain-specific single cognitive tests. The raw scores from the CERAD subtests [excluding the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)] and the single tests were standardized into Z-scores. Global cognition (measured with MMSE and CERAD-total score), and five cognitive domains (perceptual speed, executive function, episodic memory, verbal abilities, and constructional praxis) were created. Cognitive changes as a function of the intervention were analyzed with multivariable mixed-effects models. Results: After the 1-year follow-up, 571 (89.1%) controls and 573 (89.8%) from the intervention group participated in the post-intervention assessment. Both control and intervention groups showed improvements in global cognition and in all cognitive domains after 1 year, but differences in cognitive changes between the two groups were not statistically significant. However, participants with higher adherence to the NU-AGE diet showed statistically significant improvements in global cognition [β 0.20 (95%CI 0.004, 0.39), p-value = 0.046] and episodic memory [β 0.15 (95%CI 0.02, 0.28), p-value = 0.025] after 1 year, compared to those adults with lower adherence. Discussion: High adherence to the culturally adapted, individually tailored, NU-AGE diet could slow down age-related cognitive decline, helping to prevent cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marseglia
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weili Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Fabbri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Agnes A M Berendsen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Agata Bialecka-Debek
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amy Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Gillings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Meunier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elodie Caumon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Barbara Pietruszka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre "L. Galvani," University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Institute of Neurological Sciences (IRCCS), Bologna, Italy
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Khosravi-Largani M, Pourvali-Talatappeh P, Rousta AM, Karimi-Kivi M, Noroozi E, Mahjoob A, Asaadi Y, Shahmohammadi A, Sadeghi S, Shakeri S, Ghiyasvand K, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. A review on potential roles of vitamins in incidence, progression, and improvement of multiple sclerosis. eNeurologicalSci 2018; 10:37-44. [PMID: 29736427 PMCID: PMC5934114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease, with unknown etiology. Vitamins, as important micronutrients playing different roles in body, seem to be important in MS pathogenesis. In vitro, in vivo and human studies, supports the protective role of some vitamins in MS occurrence or progression. Current study reviews recent insights and reports about the importance of vitamins in MS incidence or progression. In accordance, the importance of all water and fat-soluble vitamins in MS pathogenesis based on observational studies in human population and their role in the function of immune system as well as possible therapeutic opportunities are discussed in depth throughout this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elahe Noroozi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mahjoob
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Asaadi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sarina Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Shakeri
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimiya Ghiyasvand
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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46
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Ulstein I, Bøhmer T. Normal Vitamin Levels and Nutritional Indices in Alzheimer's Disease Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia with Normal Body Mass Indexes. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:717-725. [PMID: 27716664 PMCID: PMC5147482 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports an association between vitamin deficiencies and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). If vitamin deficiencies are causative for AD development, they should be detectable during very early stages of AD. Here we investigated nutritional factors among home-living patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia due to AD, compared to healthy controls. Our study included 73 patients with AD (25 with MCI, 48 with dementia) and 63 cognitively intact age-matched controls. All participants underwent cognitive testing, somatic examination, and measurements of vitamins A, B1, B6, folate, B12, C, D, and E, and F2-α-isoprostane. Results are given as mean (SD). MMSE scores were 29.1 (1.0) for healthy controls, 27.4 (1.8) for patients with MCI, and 24.3 (3.2) for patients with dementia. Vitamin concentrations for the these groups, respectively, were as follows: B1 (nmol/l), 157 (29), 161 (35), and 161 (32); B6 (nmol/l), 57 (63), 71 (104), and 58 (44); folate (mmol/l), 23 (9), 26 (10), and 23 (11); B12 (pmol/l), 407 (159), 427 (116), and 397 (204); C (μmol/l), 63 (18), 61 (16), and 63 (29); A (μmol/l), 2.3 (0.6), 2.2 (0.5), and 2.3 (0.5); E (μmol/l), 36 (6.3), 36 (6.9), and 36 (8.2); 25-OH vitamin D (nmol/l), 65 (18), 61 (19), and 65 (20); and 8-iso-PGFα (pg/ml), 64 (27); 60 (19), and 66 (51). These concentrations did not significantly differ (p≤0.05) between the three groups. Our results do not support the hypothesis that vitamin deficiencies play a causative role in the development of early cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingun Ulstein
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway.,University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Bøhmer
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway.,Nutritional Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway
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47
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Ibrahim NF, Yanagisawa D, Durani LW, Hamezah HS, Damanhuri HA, Wan Ngah WZ, Tsuji M, Kiuchi Y, Ono K, Tooyama I. Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Modulates Amyloid Pathology and Improves Cognitive Function in AβPP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:597-612. [PMID: 27716672 PMCID: PMC5147513 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. The cardinal neuropathological characteristic of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) into extracellular plaques that ultimately disrupt neuronal function and lead to neurodegeneration. One possible therapeutic strategy therefore is to prevent Aβ aggregation. Previous studies have suggested that vitamin E analogs slow AD progression in humans. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF), a mixture of vitamin E analogs from palm oil, on amyloid pathology in vitro and in vivo. TRF treatment dose-dependently inhibited the formation of Aβ fibrils and Aβ oligomers in vitro. Moreover, daily TRF supplementation to AβPPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice for 10 months attenuated Aβ immunoreactive depositions and thioflavin-S-positive fibrillar type plaques in the brain, and eventually improved cognitive function in the novel object recognition test compared with control AβPPswe/PS1dE9 mice. The present result indicates that TRF reduced amyloid pathology and improved cognitive functions, and suggests that TRF is a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Faeizah Ibrahim
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Lina Wati Durani
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kiuchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
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48
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Shakersain B, Rizzuto D, Larsson SC, Faxén-Irving G, Fratiglioni L, Xu WL. The Nordic Prudent Diet Reduces Risk of Cognitive Decline in the Swedish Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020229. [PMID: 29462973 PMCID: PMC5852805 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate dietary pattern for preserving cognitive function in northern Europe remains unknown. We aimed to identify a Nordic dietary pattern index associated with slower cognitive decline compared to the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay, Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and Baltic Sea Diet indices. A total of 2223 dementia-free adults aged ≥60 were followed for 6 years. Mini-Mental State Examination was administrated at baseline and follow-ups. Dietary intake was assessed by 98-item food frequency questionnaire, and the Nordic Prudent Dietary Pattern (NPDP) was identified. Data were analysed using mixed-effects and parametric survival models and receiver operating characteristic curves with adjustment for potential confounders. Moderate (β = 0.139, 95% CI 0.077−0.201) and high adherence (β = 0.238, 95% CI 0.175−0.300) to NPDP were associated with less cognitive decline compared to other four indices. High adherence to NPDP was also associated with the lowest risk of MMSE decline to ≤24 (HR = 0.176, 95% CI 0.080−0.386) and had the greatest ability to predict such decline (area under the curve = 0.70). Moderate-to-high adherence to the NPDP may predict a better-preserved cognitive function among older adults in Nordic countries. Regional dietary habits should be considered in developing dietary guidelines for the prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Shakersain
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gerd Faxén-Irving
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Wei-Li Xu
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
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49
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Abstract
Globally populations are ageing. By 2050, it is estimated that there will be two billion people aged 60 years or over, of which 131 million are projected to be affected by dementia, while depression is predicted to be the second leading cause of disability worldwide by 2020. Preventing or delaying the onset of these disorders should therefore be a public health priority. There is some evidence linking certain dietary patterns, particularly the Mediterranean diet, with a reduced risk of dementia and depression. Specific dietary components have also been investigated in relation to brain health, with emerging evidence supporting protective roles forn-3 PUFA, polyphenols, vitamin D and B-vitamins. At this time, the totality of evidence is strongest in support of a role for folate and the metabolically related B-vitamins (vitamin B12, vitamin B6and riboflavin) in slowing the progression of cognitive decline and possibly reducing the risk of depression in ageing. Future studies incorporating new technologies, such as MRI and magnetoencephalography, offer much promise in identifying effective nutrition interventions that could reduce the risk of cognitive and mental disorders. This review will explore the ageing brain and the emerging evidence linking diet and specific nutrients with cognitive function and depression in ageing, with the potential to develop strategies that could improve quality of life in our ageing population.
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50
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Botchway BO, Moore MK, Akinleye FO, Iyer IC, Fang M. Nutrition: Review on the Possible Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:867-883. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benson O.A. Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Masania K. Moore
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Faith O. Akinleye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ishwari C. Iyer
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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