1
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Koo C, Richter CP, Tan X. Roles of Sirtuins in Hearing Protection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:998. [PMID: 39204103 PMCID: PMC11357115 DOI: 10.3390/ph17080998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is a health crisis that affects more than 60 million Americans. Currently, sodium thiosulfate is the only drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to counter hearing loss. Sirtuins were proposed as therapeutic targets in the search for new compounds or drugs to prevent or cure age-, noise-, or drug-induced hearing loss. Sirtuins are proteins involved in metabolic regulation with the potential to ameliorate sensorineural hearing loss. The mammalian sirtuin family includes seven members, SIRT1-7. This paper is a literature review on the sirtuins and their protective roles in sensorineural hearing loss. Literature search on the NCBI PubMed database and NUsearch included the keywords 'sirtuin' and 'hearing'. Studies on sirtuins without relevance to hearing and studies on hearing without relevance to sirtuins were excluded. Only primary research articles with data on sirtuin expression and physiologic auditory tests were considered. The literature review identified 183 records on sirtuins and hearing. After removing duplicates, eighty-one records remained. After screening for eligibility criteria, there were forty-eight primary research articles with statistically significant data relevant to sirtuins and hearing. Overall, SIRT1 (n = 29) was the most studied sirtuin paralog. Over the last two decades, research on sirtuins and hearing has largely focused on age-, noise-, and drug-induced hearing loss. Past and current studies highlight the role of sirtuins as a mediator of redox homeostasis. However, more studies need to be conducted on the involvement of SIRT2 and SIRT4-7 in hearing protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chail Koo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (C.K.); (C.-P.R.)
| | - Claus-Peter Richter
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (C.K.); (C.-P.R.)
- Hugh Knowles Center for Clinical and Basic Science in Hearing and Its Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (C.K.); (C.-P.R.)
- Hugh Knowles Center for Clinical and Basic Science in Hearing and Its Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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2
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Lu Y, Li Y, Xie Y, Bu J, Yuan R, Zhang X. Exploring Sirtuins: New Frontiers in Managing Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7740. [PMID: 39062982 PMCID: PMC11277469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With increasing research, the sirtuin (SIRT) protein family has become increasingly understood. Studies have demonstrated that SIRTs can aid in metabolism and affect various physiological processes, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure (HF), hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and other related disorders. Although the pathogenesis of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has not yet been clarified, SIRTs have a role in its development. Therefore, SIRTs may offer a fresh approach to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HFpEF as a novel therapeutic intervention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.B.); (R.Y.)
| | - Yongnan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China;
| | - Yixin Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.B.); (R.Y.)
| | - Jiale Bu
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.B.); (R.Y.)
| | - Ruowen Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.B.); (R.Y.)
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730031, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (J.B.); (R.Y.)
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3
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Perico L, Remuzzi G, Benigni A. Sirtuins in kidney health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:313-329. [PMID: 38321168 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are putative regulators of lifespan in model organisms. Since the initial discovery that SIRTs could promote longevity in nematodes and flies, the identification of additional properties of these proteins has led to understanding of their roles as exquisite sensors that link metabolic activity to oxidative states. SIRTs have major roles in biological processes that are important in kidney development and physiological functions, including mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, autophagy, DNA repair and inflammation. Furthermore, altered SIRT activity has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of acute and chronic kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, diabetic kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease, autoimmune diseases and renal ageing. The renoprotective roles of SIRTs in these diseases make them attractive therapeutic targets. A number of SIRT-activating compounds have shown beneficial effects in kidney disease models; however, further research is needed to identify novel SIRT-targeting strategies with the potential to treat and/or prevent the progression of kidney diseases and increase the average human healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Perico
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy.
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4
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Liao Z, Cai X, Zheng Y, Lin J, Yang X, Lin W, Zhang Y, He X, Liu C. Sirtuin 1 in osteoarthritis: Perspectives on regulating glucose metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107141. [PMID: 38490314 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterised by articular cartilage destruction, and its complex aetiology contributes to suboptimal clinical treatment outcomes. A close association exists between glucose metabolism dysregulation and OA pathogenesis. Owing to the unique environment of low oxygen and glucose concentrations, chondrocytes rely heavily on their glycolytic capacity, exhibiting distinct spatiotemporal differences. However, under pathological stimulation, chondrocytes undergo excessive glycolytic activity while mitochondrial respiration and other branches of glucose metabolism are compromised. This metabolic change induces cartilage degeneration by reprogramming the inflammatory responses. Sirtuins, a highly conserved family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, regulate glucose metabolism in response to energy fluctuations in different cellular compartments,alleviating metabolic stress. SIRT1, the most extensively studied sirtuin, participates in maintaining glucose homeostasis in almost all key metabolic tissues. While actively contributing to the OA progression and displaying diverse biological effects in cartilage protection, SIRT1's role in regulating glucose metabolism in chondrocytes has not received sufficient attention. This review focuses on discussing the beneficial role of SIRT1 in OA progression from a metabolic regulation perspective based on elucidating the primary characteristics of chondrocyte glucose metabolism. We also summarise the potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies targeting SIRT1 in chondrocytes to guide clinical practice and explore novel therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liao
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xuepei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jiayu Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Weiyin Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chufeng Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, 366, Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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5
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Chang N, Li J, Lin S, Zhang J, Zeng W, Ma G, Wang Y. Emerging roles of SIRT1 activator, SRT2104, in disease treatment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5521. [PMID: 38448466 PMCID: PMC10917792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent class III deacetylase that plays important roles in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, positioning it as a prime candidate for therapeutic intervention. Among its modulators, SRT2104 emerges as the most specific small molecule activator of SIRT1, currently advancing into the clinical translation phase. The primary objective of this review is to evaluate the emerging roles of SRT2104, and to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent in various diseases. In the present review, we systematically summarized the findings from an extensive array of literature sources including the progress of its application in disease treatment and its potential molecular mechanisms by reviewing the literature published in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We focuses on the strides made in employing SRT2104 for disease treatment, elucidating its potential molecular underpinnings based on preclinical and clinical research data. The findings reveal that SRT2104, as a potent SIRT1 activator, holds considerable therapeutic potential, particularly in modulating metabolic and longevity-related pathways. This review establishes SRT2104 as a leading SIRT1 activator with significant therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chang
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Junyang Li
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Sufen Lin
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Weiqiang Zeng
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China.
| | - Guoda Ma
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China.
| | - Yajun Wang
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China.
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6
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Bursch KL, Goetz CJ, Smith BC. Current Trends in Sirtuin Activator and Inhibitor Development. Molecules 2024; 29:1185. [PMID: 38474697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases and key metabolic regulators, coupling the cellular energy state with selective lysine deacylation to regulate many downstream cellular processes. Humans encode seven sirtuin isoforms (Sirt1-7) with diverse subcellular localization and deacylase targets. Sirtuins are considered protective anti-aging proteins since increased sirtuin activity is canonically associated with lifespan extension and decreased activity with developing aging-related diseases. However, sirtuins can also assume detrimental cellular roles where increased activity contributes to pathophysiology. Modulation of sirtuin activity by activators and inhibitors thus holds substantial potential for defining the cellular roles of sirtuins in health and disease and developing therapeutics. Instead of being comprehensive, this review discusses the well-characterized sirtuin activators and inhibitors available to date, particularly those with demonstrated selectivity, potency, and cellular activity. This review also provides recommendations regarding the best-in-class sirtuin activators and inhibitors for practical research as sirtuin modulator discovery and refinement evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L Bursch
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Structural Genomics Unit, Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Christopher J Goetz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Structural Genomics Unit, Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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7
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Liu R, Li L, Wang Z, Zhu J, Ji Y. Acetylated Histone Modifications: Intersection of Diabetes and Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:207-219. [PMID: 37989137 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Worldwide, type 2 diabetes is predominant form of diabetes, and it is mainly affected by the environment. Furthermore, the offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorder syndrome may have a higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which indicates that the environmental impact on diabetes prevalence can be transmitted across generations. In the process of diabetes onset and intergenerational transmission, the genetic structure of the individual is not directly changed but is regulated by epigenetics. In this process, genes or histones are modified, resulting in selective expression of proteins. This modification will affect not only the onset of diabetes but also the related onset of atherosclerosis. Acetylation and deacetylation may be important regulatory factors for the above lesions. Therefore, in this review, based on the whole process of atherosclerosis evolution, we explored the possible existence of acetylation/deacetylation caused by diabetes. However, because of the lack of atherosclerosis-related acetylation studies directly based on diabetic models, we also used a small number of experiments involving nondiabetic models of related molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; and
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, The Lu' an People's Hospital, Lu'an, China
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8
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Zhang L, Wu J, Zhu Z, He Y, Fang R. Mitochondrion: A bridge linking aging and degenerative diseases. Life Sci 2023; 322:121666. [PMID: 37030614 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process, characterized by progressive loss of physiological integrity, impaired function, and increased vulnerability to death. For centuries, people have been trying hard to understand the process of aging and find effective ways to delay it. However, limited breakthroughs have been made in anti-aging area. Since the hallmarks of aging were summarized in 2013, increasing studies focus on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and aging-related degenerative diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarthritis, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that restoring mitochondrial function and biogenesis exerts beneficial effects in extending lifespan and promoting healthy aging. In this paper, we provide an overview of mitochondrial changes during aging and summarize the advanced studies in mitochondrial therapies for the treatment of degenerative diseases. Current challenges and future perspectives are proposed to provide novel and promising directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zhang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianlong Wu
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziguan Zhu
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuchen He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Renpeng Fang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Zeng J, Guo J, Huang S, Cheng Y, Luo F, Xu X, Chen R, Ma G, Wang Y. The roles of sirtuins in ferroptosis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1131201. [PMID: 37153222 PMCID: PMC10157232 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1131201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis represents a novel non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death that is driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and plays vital roles in various diseases including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. Plenty of iron metabolism-related proteins, regulators of lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress-related molecules are engaged in ferroptosis and can regulate this complex biological process. Sirtuins have broad functional significance and are targets of many drugs in the clinic. Recently, a growing number of studies have revealed that sirtuins can participate in the occurrence of ferroptosis by affecting many aspects such as redox balance, iron metabolism, and lipid metabolism. This article reviewed the studies on the roles of sirtuins in ferroptosis and the related molecular mechanisms, highlighting valuable targets for the prevention and treatment of ferroptosis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqing Zeng
- Maternal and Children’s Health Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Junhao Guo
- Maternal and Children’s Health Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Si Huang
- Maternal and Children’s Health Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yisen Cheng
- Maternal and Children’s Health Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Maternal and Children’s Health Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xusan Xu
- Maternal and Children’s Health Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Riling Chen
- Maternal and Children’s Health Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Maternal and Children’s Health Research Institute, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Guoda Ma, ; Yajun Wang,
| | - Yajun Wang
- Institute of Respiratory, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Guoda Ma, ; Yajun Wang,
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10
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Wu QJ, Zhang TN, Chen HH, Yu XF, Lv JL, Liu YY, Liu YS, Zheng G, Zhao JQ, Wei YF, Guo JY, Liu FH, Chang Q, Zhang YX, Liu CG, Zhao YH. The sirtuin family in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:402. [PMID: 36581622 PMCID: PMC9797940 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotine adenine dinucleotide(+)-dependent histone deacetylases regulating critical signaling pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are involved in numerous biological processes. Currently, seven mammalian homologs of yeast Sir2 named SIRT1 to SIRT7 have been identified. Increasing evidence has suggested the vital roles of seven members of the SIRT family in health and disease conditions. Notably, this protein family plays a variety of important roles in cellular biology such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, etc., thus, it is considered a potential therapeutic target for different kinds of pathologies including cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and other conditions. Moreover, identification of SIRT modulators and exploring the functions of these different modulators have prompted increased efforts to discover new small molecules, which can modify SIRT activity. Furthermore, several randomized controlled trials have indicated that different interventions might affect the expression of SIRT protein in human samples, and supplementation of SIRT modulators might have diverse impact on physiological function in different participants. In this review, we introduce the history and structure of the SIRT protein family, discuss the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of seven members of the SIRT protein family, elaborate on the regulatory roles of SIRTs in human disease, summarize SIRT inhibitors and activators, and review related clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jun Wu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Fei Yu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Le Lv
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Yang Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Shu Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Qi Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wei
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Yi Guo
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cai-Gang Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Cancer, Breast Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Shen Y, Goncharov DA, Pena A, Baust J, Barragan AC, Ray A, Rode A, Bachman TN, Chang B, Jiang L, Dieffenbach P, Fredenburgh LE, Rojas M, DeLisser H, Mora AL, Kudryashova TV, Goncharova EA. Cross-talk between TSC2 and the extracellular matrix controls pulmonary vascular proliferation and pulmonary hypertension. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabn2743. [PMID: 36473049 PMCID: PMC9869933 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased proliferation and survival of cells in small pulmonary arteries (PAs) drive pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Because cell growth mediated by the mTOR-containing mTORC1 complex is inhibited by tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2), we investigated the role of this GTPase-activating protein in PAH pathology. TSC2 abundance was decreased in remodeled small PAs and PA vascular smooth muscle cells (PAVSMCs) from patients with PAH or from rodent pulmonary hypertension (PH) models, as well as PAVSMCs maintained on substrates that reproduced pathology-induced stiffness. Accordingly, mice with smooth muscle-specific reduction in TSC2 developed PH. At the molecular level, decreased TSC2 abundance led to stiffness-induced PAVSMC proliferation, increased abundance of the mechanosensitive transcriptional coactivators YAP/TAZ, and enhanced mTOR kinase activity. Moreover, extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by TSC2-deficient PAVSMCs stimulated the proliferation of nondiseased PA adventitial fibroblasts and PAVSMCs through fibronectin and its receptor, the α5β1 integrin. Reconstituting TSC2 in PAVSMCs from patients with PAH through overexpression or treatment with the SIRT1 activator SRT2104 decreased YAP/TAZ abundance, mTOR activity, and ECM production, as well as inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. In two rodent models of PH, SRT2104 treatment restored TSC2 abundance, attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling, and ameliorated PH. Thus, TSC2 in PAVSMCs integrates ECM composition and stiffness with pro-proliferative and survival signaling, and restoring TSC2 abundance could be an attractive therapeutic option to treat PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Shen
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Dmitry A. Goncharov
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Andressa Pena
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Jeffrey Baust
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Andres Chavez Barragan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Arnab Ray
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Analise Rode
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Timothy N. Bachman
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Baojun Chang
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Lifeng Jiang
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Paul Dieffenbach
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Laura E. Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Current affiliation: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA 43210
| | - Horace DeLisser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104
| | - Ana L. Mora
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA 43210
| | - Tatiana V. Kudryashova
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA 95616
| | - Elena. A. Goncharova
- Lung Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA 95616
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12
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Wang K, Liu H, Hu Q, Wang L, Liu J, Zheng Z, Zhang W, Ren J, Zhu F, Liu GH. Epigenetic regulation of aging: implications for interventions of aging and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:374. [PMID: 36336680 PMCID: PMC9637765 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by the decline of organismal functions and a series of prominent hallmarks, including genetic and epigenetic alterations. These aging-associated epigenetic changes include DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, and RNA modification, all of which participate in the regulation of the aging process, and hence contribute to aging-related diseases. Therefore, understanding the epigenetic mechanisms in aging will provide new avenues to develop strategies to delay aging. Indeed, aging interventions based on manipulating epigenetic mechanisms have led to the alleviation of aging or the extension of the lifespan in animal models. Small molecule-based therapies and reprogramming strategies that enable epigenetic rejuvenation have been developed for ameliorating or reversing aging-related conditions. In addition, adopting health-promoting activities, such as caloric restriction, exercise, and calibrating circadian rhythm, has been demonstrated to delay aging. Furthermore, various clinical trials for aging intervention are ongoing, providing more evidence of the safety and efficacy of these therapies. Here, we review recent work on the epigenetic regulation of aging and outline the advances in intervention strategies for aging and age-associated diseases. A better understanding of the critical roles of epigenetics in the aging process will lead to more clinical advances in the prevention of human aging and therapy of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Huicong Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinchao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, 100101, Beijing, China
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingna Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqing Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Zikai Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, 100101, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ren
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Fangfang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China.
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13
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Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deacetylase and deacylase enzymes that control important cellular processes, including DNA damage repair, cellular metabolism, mitochondrial function and inflammation. Consequently, mammalian sirtuins are regarded as crucial regulators of cellular function and organism healthspan. Sirtuin activity and NAD+ levels decrease with age in many tissues, and reduced sirtuin expression is associated with several cardiovascular diseases. By contrast, increased sirtuin expression and activity slows disease progression and improves cardiovascular function in preclinical models and delays various features of cellular ageing. The potential cardiometabolic benefits of sirtuins have resulted in clinical trials with sirtuin-modulating agents; although expectations are high, these drugs have not yet been proven to improve healthspan. In this Review, we examine the role of sirtuins in atherosclerosis, summarize advances in the development of compounds that activate or inhibit sirtuin activity and critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of these agents.
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14
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Parmar UM, Jalgaonkar MP, Kulkarni YA, Oza MJ. Autophagy-nutrient sensing pathways in diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106408. [PMID: 35988870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes has been increasing in recent decades which is affecting the population of both, developed and developing countries. Diabetes is associated with micro and macrovascular complications which predominantly result from hyperglycemia and disrupted metabolic pathways. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, formation of misfolded and abnormal proteins, and disruption of normal cellular functioning. The inability to maintain metabolic homeostasis under excessive energy and nutrient input, which induces insulin resistance, is a crucial feature during the transition from obesity to diabetes. According to various study reports, redox alterations, intracellular stress and chronic inflammation responses have all been linked to dysregulated energy metabolism and insulin resistance. Autophagy has been considered a cleansing mechanism to prevent these anomalies and restore cellular homeostasis. However, disrupted autophagy has been linked to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Recent studies have reported that the regulation of autophagy has a beneficial role against these conditions. When there is plenty of food, nutrient-sensing pathways activate anabolism and storage, but the shortage of food activates homeostatic mechanisms like autophagy, which mobilises internal stockpiles. These nutrient-sensing pathways are well conserved in eukaryotes and are involved in the regulation of autophagy which includes SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK. The current review focuses on the role of SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK in regulating autophagy and suggests autophagy along with these nutrient-sensing pathways as potential therapeutic targets in reducing the progression of various diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi M Parmar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manjiri P Jalgaonkar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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15
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Amorim JA, Coppotelli G, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Ross JM, Sinclair DA. Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:243-258. [PMID: 35145250 PMCID: PMC9059418 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organismal ageing is accompanied by progressive loss of cellular function and systemic deterioration of multiple tissues, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death. Mitochondria have become recognized not merely as being energy suppliers but also as having an essential role in the development of diseases associated with ageing, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that ageing and age-related diseases are tightly related to an energy supply and demand imbalance, which might be alleviated by a variety of interventions, including physical activity and calorie restriction, as well as naturally occurring molecules targeting conserved longevity pathways. Here, we review key historical advances and progress from the past few years in our understanding of the role of mitochondria in ageing and age-related metabolic diseases. We also highlight emerging scientific innovations using mitochondria-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A Amorim
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Coppotelli
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jaime M Ross
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, College of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Miyaji N, Nishida K, Tanaka T, Araki D, Kanzaki N, Hoshino Y, Kuroda R, Matsushita T. Inhibition of Knee Osteoarthritis Progression in Mice by Administering SRT2014, an Activator of Silent Information Regulator 2 Ortholog 1. Cartilage 2021; 13:1356S-1366S. [PMID: 31989845 PMCID: PMC8804762 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519900795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous findings suggest that silent information regulator 2 ortholog 1 (SIRT1) plays essential roles in chondrocytes and prevents osteoarthritis (OA) development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intra-articular (i.a.) administration of the SIRT1 activator SRT2104, which has been approved for use in humans. DESIGN OA was induced by destabilizing the medial meniscus in the knee joint of 12-week-old CL57BL/6J mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups, that is, the control group, SRT2104 i.p.-injection group, and SRT2104 i.a.-injection group. Tissues were harvested at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks postsurgery. OA progression was evaluated using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score. The production of OA-related proteins in cartilage and synovium was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS OARSI scores in the control group were significantly higher at 8 and 12 weeks compared with other 2 groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Sirt1 and type-2 collagen significantly increased, whereas MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, IL-1β, IL-6, cleaved caspase 3, PARP p85, acetylated NF-κB p65, and iNOS decreased significantly in cartilage tissues from the i.p. and i.a, SRT2104 groups. In the synovium, more iNOS-positive M1-like macrophages were observed in the control group than in the i.p. and i.a, SRT2104 groups, whereas more CD206-positive M2-like macrophages were detected in the i.p. and i.a. SRT2104 groups. CONCLUSIONS Both i.p. and i.a. SRT2104 injection reduced OA progression in the mouse OA model, suggesting that SRT2104 can serve as a new treatment for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Miyaji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kyohei Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Tanaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Araki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kanzaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hoshino
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan,Takehiko Matsushita, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1
Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
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17
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Efficacy of resveratrol in male urogenital tract dysfunctions: an evaluation of pre-clinical data. Nutr Res Rev 2021; 36:86-97. [PMID: 34776039 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenol found naturally in fruits and plants. Recently, studies in humans and animal models have suggested beneficial properties of this polyphenol, such as improvements to metabolic and lipid profiles, along with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. In the urogenital tract (UGT), resveratrol has also been tested clinically and experimentally as a therapeutic drug in several diseases; however, the translational efficacy of resveratrol, especially in UGT, is still a matter of debate. In the present review, we address the pre-clinical efficacy of resveratrol in UGT-related dysfunctions, focusing on lower urinary tract symptoms, non-cancerous prostatic disease (benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis) and erectile dysfunction. In vitro studies indicate that resveratrol reduces inflammatory markers and oxidative stress, and improves endothelial function in UGT organs and cells isolated from humans and animals. Despite displaying low oral bioavailability, in vivo administration of resveratrol largely improves erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis and voiding impairments, as evidenced in different animal models. Resveratrol also acts as a microbiota modulator, which may explain some of its beneficial effects in vivo. In contrast to the large amount of pre-clinical data, there are insufficient clinical trials to establish resveratrol treatment efficacy in human UGT-related diseases. In summary, we provide an overview of the in vivo and in vitro efficacy of resveratrol in animal and human UGT dysfunctions, which may support future clinical trials.
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18
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Curry AM, White DS, Donu D, Cen Y. Human Sirtuin Regulators: The "Success" Stories. Front Physiol 2021; 12:752117. [PMID: 34744791 PMCID: PMC8568457 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human sirtuins are a group of NAD+-dependent protein deacylases. They “erase” acyl modifications from lysine residues in various cellular targets including histones, transcription factors, and metabolic enzymes. Through these far-reaching activities, sirtuins regulate a diverse array of biological processes ranging from gene transcription to energy metabolism. Human sirtuins have been intensely pursued by both academia and industry as therapeutic targets for a broad spectrum of diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. The last two decades have witnessed a flood of small molecule sirtuin regulators. However, there remain relatively few compounds targeting human sirtuins in clinical development. This reflects the inherent issues concerning the development of isoform-selective and potent molecules with good drug-like properties. In this article, small molecule sirtuin regulators that have advanced into clinical trials will be discussed in details as “successful” examples for future drug development. Special attention is given to the discovery of these compounds, the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics analysis, formulation, as well as the clinical outcomes observed in the trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson M Curry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Dawanna S White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Dickson Donu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Yana Cen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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19
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Wang YJ, Paneni F, Stein S, Matter CM. Modulating Sirtuin Biology and Nicotinamide Adenine Diphosphate Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease-From Bench to Bedside. Front Physiol 2021; 12:755060. [PMID: 34712151 PMCID: PMC8546231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.755060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1–7) comprise a family of highly conserved deacetylases with distribution in different subcellular compartments. Sirtuins deacetylate target proteins depending on one common substrate, nicotinamide adenine diphosphate (NAD+), thus linking their activities to the status of cellular energy metabolism. Sirtuins had been linked to extending life span and confer beneficial effects in a wide array of immune-metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 have been shown to provide protective effects in various cardiovascular disease models, by decreasing inflammation, improving metabolic profiles or scavenging oxidative stress. Sirtuins may be activated collectively by increasing their co-substrate NAD+. By supplementing NAD+ precursors, NAD+ boosters confer pan-sirtuin activation with protective cardiometabolic effects in the experimental setting: they improve endothelial dysfunction, protect from experimental heart failure, hypertension and decrease progression of liver steatosis. Different precursor molecules were applied ranging from nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to nicotinamide riboside (NR). Notably, not all experimental results showed protective effects. Moreover, the results are not as striking in clinical studies as in the controlled experimental setting. Species differences, (lack of) genetic heterogeneity, different metabolic pathways, dosing, administration routes and disease contexts may account for these challenges in clinical translation. At the clinical scale, caloric restriction can reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease and raise NAD+ concentration and sirtuin expression. In addition, antidiabetic drugs such as metformin or SGLT2 inhibitors may confer cardiovascular protection, indirectly via sirtuin activation. Overall, additional mechanistic insight and clinical studies are needed to better understand the beneficial effects of sirtuin activation and NAD+ boosters from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Wang
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Vaidergorn MM, da Silva Emery F, Ganesan A. From Hit Seeking to Magic Bullets: The Successful Union of Epigenetic and Fragment Based Drug Discovery (EPIDD + FBDD). J Med Chem 2021; 64:13980-14010. [PMID: 34591474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We review progress in the application of fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) to epigenetic drug discovery (EPIDD) targeted at epigenetic writer and eraser enzymes as well as reader domains over the last 15 years. The greatest successes to date are in prospecting for bromodomain binding ligands. From a diverse array of fragment hits, multiple potent and selective compounds ensued, including the oncology clinical candidates mivebresib, ABBV-744, pelabresib, and PLX51107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M Vaidergorn
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Flavio da Silva Emery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - A Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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21
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Abstract
Sirtuin1 is a nutrient-sensitive class III histone deacetylase which is a well-known regulator of organismal lifespan. It has been extensively studied for its role in metabolic regulation as well. Along with its involvement in ageing and metabolism, Sirtuin1 directly deacetylates many critical proteins controlling cardiovascular pathophysiology. Studies using conditional expression and deletion of Sirtuin1 have revealed that it functions in a highly tissue/organ-specific manner. In the vasculature, Sirtuin1 controls endothelial homoeostasis by governing the expression of inflammatory mediators, oxidants and essential transcription factors. Adding to this complexity, Sirtuin1 expression and/or function is also governed by some of these target proteins. Therefore, the importance of better understanding the organ and tissue specificity of Sirtuin1 is highly desirable. Considering the huge volume of research done in this field, this review focuses on Sirtuin1 targets regulating vascular endothelial function. Here, we summarize the discovery of Sirtuin1 as a transcription controller and the further identification of direct target proteins involved in the vascular physiology. Overall, this review presents a holistic picture of the complex cross-talk involved in the molecular regulation of vascular physiology by Sirtuin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- François M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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22
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Stelmaszyk A, Mikołajczak P, Dworacka M. Sirtuin 1 as the mechanism of action of agents used in the diabetes mellitus pharmacotherapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174289. [PMID: 34214583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SIRT1 (sirtuin 1, a member of histone deacetylase III family) is responsible for deacetylation of lysine in histones and the conservation of DNA in the state of transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin. SIRT1 is also capable of deacetylation of transcription factors, as well as other regulatory proteins. The SIRT1 activity plays a unique role in the prevention of metabolic memory, reducing many pathways leading to chronic diabetic complications or diseases concomitant with diabetes. Factors modifying expression and/or activity of SIRT1 may be especially helpful for patients with diabetes. This article attempts to sum up the current state of knowledge about agents commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes which might have an impact on the SIRT1 expression and activity. It is the review of several studies regarding drug-induced pleiotropic activity and the way in which their interference with cellular pathways gives us better understanding of this activity, as well as the influence of therapy on the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Stelmaszyk
- Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu, Katedra i Zakład Farmakologii, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, ul. Rokietnicka 5A, 60-806, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Mikołajczak
- Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu, Katedra i Zakład Farmakologii, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, ul. Rokietnicka 5A, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marzena Dworacka
- Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu, Katedra i Zakład Farmakologii, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, ul. Rokietnicka 5A, 60-806, Poznań, Poland
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23
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Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases: Nutraceutical Interventions Related to Caloric Restriction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157772. [PMID: 34360538 PMCID: PMC8345941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are closely associated and represent a key public health problem worldwide. An excess of adipose tissue, NAFLD, and gut dysbiosis establish a vicious circle that leads to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Caloric restriction (CR) is the most promising nutritional approach capable of improving cardiometabolic health. However, adherence to CR represents a barrier to patients and is the primary cause of therapeutic failure. To overcome this problem, many different nutraceutical strategies have been designed. Based on several data that have shown that CR action is mediated by AMPK/SIRT1 activation, several nutraceutical compounds capable of activating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling have been identified. In this review, we summarize recent data on the possible role of berberine, resveratrol, quercetin, and L-carnitine as CR-related nutrients. Additionally, we discuss the limitations related to the use of these nutrients in the management of T2DM and CVD.
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24
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Masi S, Ambrosini S, Mohammed SA, Sciarretta S, Lüscher TF, Paneni F, Costantino S. Epigenetic Remodeling in Obesity-Related Vascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1165-1199. [PMID: 32808539 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The prevalence of obesity and cardiometabolic phenotypes is alarmingly increasing across the globe and is associated with atherosclerotic vascular complications and high mortality. In spite of multifactorial interventions, vascular residual risk remains high in this patient population, suggesting the need for breakthrough therapies. The mechanisms underpinning obesity-related vascular disease remain elusive and represent an intense area of investigation. Recent Advances: Epigenetic modifications-defined as environmentally induced chemical changes of DNA and histones that do not affect DNA sequence-are emerging as a potent modulator of gene transcription in the vasculature and might significantly contribute to the development of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction. DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications cooperate to build complex epigenetic signals, altering transcriptional networks that are implicated in redox homeostasis, mitochondrial function, vascular inflammation, and perivascular fat homeostasis in patients with cardiometabolic disturbances. Critical Issues: Deciphering the epigenetic landscape in the vasculature is extremely challenging due to the complexity of epigenetic signals and their function in regulating transcription. An overview of the most important epigenetic pathways is required to identify potential molecular targets to treat or prevent obesity-related endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic disease. This would enable the employment of precision medicine approaches in this setting. Future Directions: Current and future research efforts in this field entail a better definition of the vascular epigenome in obese patients as well as the unveiling of novel, cell-specific chromatin-modifying drugs that are able to erase specific epigenetic signals that are responsible for maladaptive transcriptional alterations and vascular dysfunction in obese patients. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1165-1199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Heart Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Palliyaguru DL, Minor RK, Mitchell SJ, Palacios HH, Licata JJ, Ward TM, Abulwerdi G, Elliott P, Westphal C, Ellis JL, Sinclair DA, Price NL, Bernier M, de Cabo R. Combining a High Dose of Metformin With the SIRT1 Activator, SRT1720, Reduces Life Span in Aged Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:2037-2041. [PMID: 32556267 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SRT1720, a sirtuin1-activator, and metformin (MET), an antidiabetic drug, confer health and life-span benefits when administered individually. It is unclear whether combination of the two compounds could lead to additional benefits. Groups of 56-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with either SRT1720 (2 g/kg food), a high dose of MET (1% wt/wt food), or a combination of both. Animals were monitored for survival, body weight, food consumption, body composition, and rotarod performance. Mice treated with MET alone did not have improved longevity, and life span was dramatically reduced by combination of MET with SRT1720. Although all groups of animals were consuming similar amounts of food, mice on MET or MET + SRT1720 showed a sharp reduction in body weight. SRT1720 + MET mice also had lower percent body fat combined with better performance on the rotarod compared to controls. These data suggest that co-treatment of SRT1720 with MET is detrimental to survival at the doses used and, therefore, risk-benefits of combining life-span-extending drugs especially in older populations needs to be systematically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushani L Palliyaguru
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robin K Minor
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hector H Palacios
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jordan J Licata
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Theresa M Ward
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gelareh Abulwerdi
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter Elliott
- Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, a GSK Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - James L Ellis
- Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, a GSK Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David A Sinclair
- Glenn Labs for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathan L Price
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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26
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Li Q, Cheng JC, Jiang Q, Lee WY. Role of sirtuins in bone biology: Potential implications for novel therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13301. [PMID: 33393735 PMCID: PMC7884050 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline in bone mass and bone strength and musculoskeletal problems associated with aging constitute a major challenge for affected individuals and the healthcare system globally. Sirtuins 1-7 (SIRT1-SIRT7) are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylases with remarkable abilities to promote longevity and counteract age-related diseases. Sirtuin knockout and transgenic models have provided novel insights into the function and signaling of these proteins in bone homeostasis. Studies have revealed that sirtuins play a critical role in normal skeletal development and homeostasis through their direct action on bone cells and that their dysregulation might contribute to different bone diseases. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that mice treated with sirtuin agonists show protection against age-related, postmenopausal, and immobilization-induced osteoporosis. These findings suggest that sirtuins could be potential targets for the modulation of the imbalance in bone remodeling and treatment of osteoporosis and other bone disorders. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive updated review of the current knowledge on sirtuin biology, focusing specifically on their roles in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis, and potential pharmacological interventions targeting sirtuins for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Li
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing UniversityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Jack Chun‐yiu Cheng
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing UniversityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive SurgeryDrum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wayne Yuk‐wai Lee
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing UniversityThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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27
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Hypothalamic Actions of SIRT1 and SIRT6 on Energy Balance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031430. [PMID: 33572672 PMCID: PMC7866978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+ dependent deacetylases that regulate a large number of physiological processes. These enzymes are highly conserved and act as energy sensors to coordinate different metabolic responses in a controlled manner. At present, seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRT 1-7) have been identified, with SIRT1 and SIRT6 shown to exert their metabolic actions in the hypothalamus, both with crucial roles in eliciting responses to dampen metabolic complications associated with obesity. Therefore, our aim is to compile the current understanding on the role of SIRT1 and SIRT6 in the hypothalamus, especially highlighting their actions on the control of energy balance.
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28
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Li X, Feng Y, Wang XX, Truong D, Wu YC. The Critical Role of SIRT1 in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanism and Therapeutic Considerations. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1608-1622. [PMID: 33269110 PMCID: PMC7673849 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silence information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a member of the sirtuin family, targets histones and many non-histone proteins and participates in various physiological functions. The enzymatic activity of SIRT1 is decreased in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), which may reduce their ability to resist neuronal damage caused by various neurotoxins. As far as we know, SIRT1 can induce autophagy by regulating autophagy related proteins such as AMP-activated protein kinase, light chain 3, mammalian target of rapamycin, and forkhead transcription factor 1. Furthermore, SIRT1 can regulate mitochondrial function and inhibit oxidative stress mainly by maintaining peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in a deacetylated state and thus maintaining a constant level of PGC-1α. Other studies have demonstrated that SIRT1 may play a role in the pathophysiology of PD by regulating neuroinflammation. SIRT1 deacetylases nuclear factor-kappa B and thus reduces its transcriptional activity, inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and decreases tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels. SIRT1 can also upregulate heat shock protein 70 by deacetylating heat shock factor 1 to increase the degradation of α-synuclein oligomers. Few studies have focused on the relationship between SIRT1 single nucleotide polymorphisms and PD risk, so this topic requires further research. Based on the neuroprotective effects of SIRT1 on PD, many in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that some SIRT1 activators, notably resveratrol, have potential neuroprotective effects against dopaminergic neuronal damage caused by various neurotoxins. Thus, SIRT1 plays a critical role in PD development and might be a potential target for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ya Feng
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xi-Xi Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Daniel Truong
- 2The Truong Neurosciences Institute, Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA, USA.,3Department of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yun-Cheng Wu
- 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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29
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Ness KK, Wogksch MD. Frailty and aging in cancer survivors. Transl Res 2020; 221:65-82. [PMID: 32360946 PMCID: PMC7321876 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are over 15 million survivors of cancer in the United States whose rates of frailty, an aging phenotype, range from just under 10% to over 80%. Frailty impacts not only disease survival but also long-term function and quality of life in children, adolescents, and in all adults diagnosed and/or treated for cancer. This review explains frailty as a construct and model of physiologic well-being. It also describes how frailty at diagnosis impacts cancer outcomes in adult populations and enumerates the prevalence of frailty in different populations of cancer survivors. Biological mechanisms responsible for aging and potentially for frailty among individuals with or who have been treated for cancer are discussed. Finally, promising pharmaceutical and lifestyle interventions designed to impact aging rather than a specific disease, tested in other populations, but likely applicable in cancer patients and survivors, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Matthew D Wogksch
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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30
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Gonzalez-Freire M, Diaz-Ruiz A, Hauser D, Martinez-Romero J, Ferrucci L, Bernier M, de Cabo R. The road ahead for health and lifespan interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 59:101037. [PMID: 32109604 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a modifiable risk factor for most chronic diseases and an inevitable process in humans. The development of pharmacological interventions aimed at delaying or preventing the onset of chronic conditions and other age-related diseases has been at the forefront of the aging field. Preclinical findings have demonstrated that species, sex and strain confer significant heterogeneity on reaching the desired health- and lifespan-promoting pharmacological responses in model organisms. Translating the safety and efficacy of these interventions to humans and the lack of reliable biomarkers that serve as predictors of health outcomes remain a challenge. Here, we will survey current pharmacological interventions that promote lifespan extension and/or increased healthspan in animals and humans, and review the various anti-aging interventions selected for inclusion in the NIA's Interventions Testing Program as well as the ClinicalTrials.gov database that target aging or age-related diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Group, Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Alberto Diaz-Ruiz
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA; Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and Aging, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Hauser
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Jorge Martinez-Romero
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, IMDEA Food, CEI, UAM/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
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31
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Sirtuin-1 and Its Relevance in Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051593. [PMID: 32111067 PMCID: PMC7084838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Dysregulation of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is related to VC. Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) deacetylase encompasses a broad range of transcription factors that are linked to an extended lifespan. Sirt1 enhances endothelial NO synthase and upregulates FoxOs to activate its antioxidant properties and delay cell senescence. Sirt1 reverses osteogenic phenotypic transdifferentiation by influencing RUNX2 expression in VSMCs. Low Sirt1 hardly prevents acetylation by p300 and phosphorylation of β-catenin that, following the facilitation of β-catenin translocation, drives osteogenic phenotypic transdifferentiation. Hyperphosphatemia induces VC by osteogenic conversion, apoptosis, and senescence of VSMCs through the Pit-1 cotransporter, which can be retarded by the sirt1 activator resveratrol. Proinflammatory adipocytokines released from dysfunctional perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) mediate medial calcification and arterial stiffness. Sirt1 ameliorates release of PVAT adipokines and increases adiponectin secretion, which interact with FoxO 1 against oxidative stress and inflammatory arterial insult. Conclusively, Sirt1 decelerates VC by means of influencing endothelial NO bioavailability, senescence of ECs and VSMCs, osteogenic phenotypic transdifferentiation, apoptosis of VSMCs, ECM deposition, and the inflammatory response of PVAT. Factors that aggravate VC include vitamin D deficiency-related macrophage recruitment and further inflammation responses. Supplementation with vitamin D to adequate levels is beneficial in improving PVAT macrophage infiltration and local inflammation, which further prevents VC.
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32
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Singhal A, Cheng CY. Host NAD+ metabolism and infections: therapeutic implications. Int Immunol 2020; 31:59-67. [PMID: 30329059 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is both a crucial coenzyme and a cosubstrate for various metabolic reactions in all living cells. Maintenance of NAD+ levels is essential for cell energy homeostasis, survival, proliferation and function. Mounting evidence points to NAD+ as one of the major modulators of immuno-metabolic circuits, thus regulating immune responses and functions. Recent studies delineate impaired host NAD+ metabolism during chronic infections and inflammation, suggesting NAD+ replenishment as an avenue to ameliorate deleterious inflammatory responses. Here, we discuss aspects of NAD+ biosynthesis and consumption, NAD+ biology during infections and how NAD+ metabolism can be intervened with pharmacologically to enhance the host's immunological fitness against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singhal
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre (VIDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Catherine Youting Cheng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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33
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Ma K, Lu N, Zou F, Meng FZ. Sirtuins as novel targets in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in bronchial asthma. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172670. [PMID: 31542484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD-dependent class III histone deacetylase, which modulate the epigenetic changes to influence the functions in normal and diseased conditions. Preclinical studies have described an increase in the levels of sirtuin 2 and decrease in the levels of sirtuin 6 in the lungs. Sirtuin 2 exerts proinflammatory actions and hence, its blockers reduce the airway inflammation and symptoms of asthma. On the other hand, sirtuin 6 is anti-inflammatory and its activators produce beneficial actions in asthma. The beneficial effects of sirtuin 6 have been attributed to decrease in acetylation of transcriptional factor GATA3 in the T cells, which is associated with decrease in the TH2 immune response. However, there seems to be dual role of sirtuin 1 in airway inflammation as its proinflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory actions have been described in asthma. The anti-inflammatory actions of sirtuin 1 have been attributed to decrease in acetylation of GATA3 and inhibition of Akt/NF-kappaB signaling. On the other hand, proinflammatory actions of sirtuin 1 have been attributed to increase in the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF along with repression of PPAR-γ activity. The present review discusses the role of different sirtuins in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Moreover, it also discusses sirtuin-triggered signaling pathways that may contribute in modulating the disease state of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Na Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Fan-Zheng Meng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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34
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Qian M, Liu B. Pharmaceutical Intervention of Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1086:235-254. [PMID: 30232763 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1117-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aging population represents a significant worldwide socioeconomic challenge. Aging is an inevitable and multifactorial biological process and primary risk factor for most age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacological interventions targeting aging appear to be a more effective approach in preventing age-related disorders compared with the treatments targeted to specific disease. In this chapter, we focus on the latest findings on molecular compounds that mimic caloric restriction (CR), supplement nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, and eliminate senescent cells, including metformin, resveratrol, spermidine, rapamycin, NAD+ boosters, as well as senolytics. All these interventions modulate the determinants and pathways responsible for aging/longevity, such as the kinase target of rapamycin (TOR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuins, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) signaling (Fig. 15.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxian Qian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Medical Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Medical Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.
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35
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Foolad F, Khodagholi F, Javan M. Sirtuins in Multiple Sclerosis: The crossroad of neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and metabolism. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 34:47-58. [PMID: 31228716 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a challenging and disabling condition particularly in the secondary progressive (SP) phase of this disease. The available treatments cannot ameliorate or stop disease progression in this phase, and there is an urgent need to focus on effective therapies and the molecular pathways involved SPMS. Given the significant impact of neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and metabolic alterations in MS, focusing on the molecules that target these different pathways could help in finding new treatments. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+ dependent epigenetic and metabolic regulators, which have critical roles in the physiology of central nervous system, immune system and metabolism. Based on these facts, SIRTs are crucial candidates of therapeutic targets in MS and collecting the information related to MS disease for each SIRT individually is noteworthy and highlights the lack of investigation in each part. In this review we summarized the role of different sirtuins as key regulator in neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and metabolism pathways. We also clarify the rationale behind selecting SIRTs as therapeutic targets in MS disease by collecting the researches showing alteration of these proteins in human samples of MS patients and animal model of MS, and also the improvement of modeled animals after SIRT-directed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Foolad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Ma F, Wu J, Jiang Z, Huang W, Jia Y, Sun W, Wu H. P53/NRF2 mediates SIRT1's protective effect on diabetic nephropathy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1272-1281. [PMID: 30959066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease, posing a severe threat to public health. Previous studies reported the protective role of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in DN, encouraging the investigation of more potent and specific SIRT1 activators. SRT2104 is a novel, first-in-class, highly selective small-molecule activator of SIRT1, with its effect and mechanism unknown on DN. To this end, streptozotocin-induced C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) diabetic mice were treated with SRT2104, for 24 weeks. To determine whether SRT2104 acted through inhibition of P53 - a substrate of SIRT1, the P53 activator nutlin3a was administered to the WT diabetic mice in the presence of SRT2104. In order to test whether nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) - the master of cellular antioxidants - mediated SIRT1 and P53's actions, WT and Nrf2 gene knockout (KO) diabetic mice were treated with SRT2104 or the P53 inhibitor pifithrin-α (PFT-α). In the WT mice, SRT2104 enhanced renal SIRT1 expression and activity, deacetylated P53, and activated NRF2 antioxidant signaling, providing remarkable protection against the DM-induced renal oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, glomerular remodeling and albuminuria. These effects were completely abolished in the presence of nutlin3a. Deletion of the Nrf2 gene completely abrogated the efficacies of SRT2104 and PFT-α in elevating antioxidants and ameliorating DN, despite their abilities to activate SIRT1 and inhibit P53 in the Nrf2 KO mice. The present study reports the beneficial effects of SRT2104 on DN, uncovering a SIRT1/P53/NRF2 pathway that modulates the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhe Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin St., Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Junduo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang St., Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin St., Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, 1000 University Center Ln., Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
| | - Ye Jia
- Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Weixia Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin St., Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Rd., Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Zainabadi K. Drugs targeting SIRT1, a new generation of therapeutics for osteoporosis and other bone related disorders? Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:97-105. [PMID: 30862606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With an aging population and limited treatment options, osteoporosis currently represents a significant public health challenge. Recent animal studies indicate that longevity-associated SIRT1 may serve as an attractive pharmacological target for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone related disorders. Pre-clinical studies demonstrate that mice treated with SIRT1 agonists show protection against age-related, post-menopausal, and disuse models of osteoporosis. Conversely, SIRT1 knockout models display low bone mass phenotypes associated with increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. This review summarizes recent animal and human experimental data showing that pharmacological activation of SIRT1 may act in a manner that current treatments do not, namely by treating the imbalance in bone remodeling that is the root cause of osteoporosis and other bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Zainabadi
- Glenn Center for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Zhai J, Qu X, Zhang Y, Gao H, Tao L, Song Y, Zhang S. Salvianolic acid inhibits the effects of high glucose on vascular endothelial dysfunction by modulating the Sirt1-eNOS pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22245. [PMID: 30431688 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zhai
- Depatment of Pharmacy; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Xiaoyu Qu
- Depatment of Pharmacy; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Depatment of Pharmacy; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Huan Gao
- Depatment of Pharmacy; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Lina Tao
- Depatment of Pharmacy; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Yanqing Song
- Depatment of Pharmacy; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Sixi Zhang
- Depatment of Pharmacy; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun China
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Alageel A, Tomasi J, Tersigni C, Brietzke E, Zuckerman H, Subramaniapillai M, Lee Y, Iacobucci M, Rosenblat JD, Mansur RB, McIntyre RS. Evidence supporting a mechanistic role of sirtuins in mood and metabolic disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:95-101. [PMID: 29802856 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases that play essential roles in cell survival, energy metabolism, inflammation, and aging; therefore, sirtuins are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, cancer, inflammatory and metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Available evidence provides the basis for hypothesizing that sirtuins 1, 2, and 3 (SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3) may have a mechanistic role subserving mood disorders (i.e. downregulation) and associated co-morbidity (e.g. metabolic disorders). Specifically, the domains of general cognitive processes, as well as cognitive emotional processing may be particularly relevant to sirtuin physiology. Given the role of sirtuins in the perpetuation of circadian rhythmicity, and evidence of dysfunctional circadian cycling in mood disorders, sirtuins may be an underlying etiological factor that links circadian rhythm functionality with mood disorders. Caloric restriction, and caloric restriction mimetics (e.g. resveratrol) are all capable of upregulating sirtuin isoforms implicated in stress response syndromes. Repurposing existing treatments and/or discovery of novel agents capable of modulating sirtuin physiology may represent genuinely novel approaches for trans-diagnostic domains affected in mood disorders and other brain-based illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asem Alageel
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Tomasi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia Tersigni
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah Zuckerman
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehala Subramaniapillai
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Iacobucci
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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SIRT1 Activation Disrupts Maintenance of Myelodysplastic Syndrome Stem and Progenitor Cells by Restoring TET2 Function. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:355-369.e9. [PMID: 30146412 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a largely incurable hematological malignancy, is derived from aberrant clonal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) that persist after conventional therapies. Defining the mechanisms underlying MDS HSPC maintenance is critical for developing MDS therapy. The deacetylase SIRT1 regulates stem cell proliferation, survival, and self-renewal by deacetylating downstream proteins. Here we show that SIRT1 protein levels were downregulated in MDS HSPCs. Genetic or pharmacological activation of SIRT1 inhibited MDS HSPC functions, whereas SIRT1 deficiency enhanced MDS HSPC self-renewal. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effects of SIRT1 were dependent on TET2, a safeguard against HSPC transformation. SIRT1 deacetylated TET2 at conserved lysine residues in its catalytic domain, enhancing TET2 activity. Our genome-wide analysis identified cancer-related genes regulated by the SIRT1/TET2 axis. SIRT1 activation also inhibited functions of MDS HSPCs from patients with TET2 heterozygous mutations. Altogether, our results indicate that restoring TET2 function through SIRT1 activation represents a promising means to target MDS HSPCs.
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Bonomi R, Popov V, Laws MT, Gelovani D, Majhi A, Shavrin A, Lu X, Muzik O, Turkman N, Liu R, Mangner T, Gelovani JG. Molecular Imaging of Sirtuin1 Expression-Activity in Rat Brain Using Positron-Emission Tomography-Magnetic-Resonance Imaging with [ 18F]-2-Fluorobenzoylaminohexanoicanilide. J Med Chem 2018; 61:7116-7130. [PMID: 30052441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a class III histone deacetylase that plays significant roles in the regulation of lifespan, metabolism, memory, and circadian rhythms and in the mechanisms of many diseases. However, methods of monitoring the pharmacodynamics of SIRT1-targeted drugs are limited to blood sampling because of the invasive nature of biopsies. For the noninvasive monitoring of the spatial and temporal dynamics of SIRT1 expression-activity in vivo by PET-CT-MRI, we developed a novel substrate-type radiotracer, [18F]-2-fluorobenzoylaminohexanoicanilide (2-[18F]BzAHA). PET-CT-MRI studies in rats demonstrated increased accumulation of 2-[18F]BzAHA-derived radioactivity in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and locus coeruleus, consistent with autoradiographic and immunofluorescent (IMF) analyses of brain-tissue sections. Pretreatment with the SIRT1 specific inhibitor, EX-527 (5 mg/kg, ip), resulted in about a 20% reduction of 2-[18F]BzAHA-derived-radioactivity accumulation in these structures. In vivo imaging of SIRT1 expression-activity should facilitate studies that improve the understanding of SIRT1-mediated regulation in the brain and aid in the development and clinical translation of SIRT1-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bonomi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Vadim Popov
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Maxwell T Laws
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - David Gelovani
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Anjoy Majhi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Aleksandr Shavrin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | | | | | - Nashaat Turkman
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Renshyan Liu
- National Taiwan University , Taipei City 10617 , Taiwan
| | | | - Juri G Gelovani
- Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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42
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Jiao D, Zhang H, Jiang Z, Huang W, Liu Z, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wu H. MicroRNA-34a targets sirtuin 1 and leads to diabetes-induced testicular apoptotic cell death. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:939-949. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wu H, Wu J, Zhou S, Huang W, Li Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Jia Y. SRT2104 attenuates diabetes-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction via inhibition of P53. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:1-14. [PMID: 29371235 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction contributes to diabetic macrovascular complications. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protects against diabetic vasculopathy. SRT2104 is a novel SIRT1 activator and was not previously studied for its effects on diabetes-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, whether or to what extent deacetylation of P53, a substrate of SIRT1, is required for the effects of SIRT1 activation was unclear, given the fact that SIRT1 has multiple targets. Moreover, little was known about the pathogenic role of P53 in diabetes-induced aortic injury. To these ends, diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in C57BL/6 mice. The diabetic mice developed enhanced aortic contractility, oxidative stress, inflammation, P53 hyperacetylation and a remarkable decrease in SIRT1 protein, the effects of which were rescued by SRT2104. In HG-treated endothelial cells (ECs), P53 siRNA and SRT2104 produced similar effects on the induction of SIRT1 and the inhibition of P53 acetylation, oxidative stress and inflammation. Interestingly, SRT2104 failed to further enhance these effects in the presence of P53 siRNA. Moreover, P53 activation by nutlin3a completely abolished SRT2104's protection against HG-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Further, forced activation of P53 by nutlin3a increased aortic contractility in the healthy mice and generated endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation in both the normal glucose-cultured ECs and the aortas of the healthy mice. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that P53 deacetylation predominantly mediates SRT2104's protection against diabetes-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction and highlights the pathogenic role of P53 in aortic endothelial dysfunction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of NephrologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- The '973' National Basic Research Program of ChinaChangchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Junduo Wu
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzhu Zhou
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- School of Science and TechnologyGeorgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, Georgia, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Operating TheatreChina-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Jia
- Department of NephrologyThe First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Dai H, Sinclair DA, Ellis JL, Steegborn C. Sirtuin activators and inhibitors: Promises, achievements, and challenges. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 188:140-154. [PMID: 29577959 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylases of the Sirtuin family regulate various physiological functions, from energy metabolism to stress responses. The human Sirtuin isoforms, SIRT1-7, are considered attractive therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. We review the status of Sirtuin-targeted drug discovery and development. Potent and selective pharmacological Sirt1 activators and inhibitors are available, and initial clinical trials have been carried out. Several promising inhibitors and activators have also been described for other isoforms. Progress in understanding the mechanisms of Sirtuin modulation by such compounds provides a rational basis for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Dai
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James L Ellis
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Center for Bio-Macromolecules, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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D'Onofrio N, Servillo L, Balestrieri ML. SIRT1 and SIRT6 Signaling Pathways in Cardiovascular Disease Protection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:711-732. [PMID: 28661724 PMCID: PMC5824538 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress represents the common hallmark of pathological conditions associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, aging, diabetes, and other vascular system-related diseases. The sirtuin (SIRT) family, comprising seven proteins (SIRT1-SIRT7) sharing a highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-binding catalytic domain, attracted a great attention for the past few years as stress adaptor and epigenetic enzymes involved in the cellular events controlling aging-related disorder, cancer, and CVD. Recent Advances: Among sirtuins, SIRT1 and SIRT6 are the best characterized for their protective roles against inflammation, vascular aging, heart disease, and atherosclerotic plaque development. This latest role has been only recently unveiled for SIRT6. Of interest, in recent years, complex signaling networks controlled by SIRT1 and SIRT6 common to stress resistance, vascular aging, and CVD have emerged. CRITICAL ISSUES We provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments on the molecular signaling pathways controlled by SIRT1 and SIRT6, two post-translational modifiers proven to be valuable tools to dampen inflammation and oxidative stress at the cardiovascular level. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A deeper understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms through which SIRT1 and SIRT6 act in the signalings responsible for onset and development CVD is a prime scientific endeavor of the upcoming years. Multiple "omic" technologies will have widespread implications in understanding such mechanisms, speeding up the achievement of selective and efficient pharmacological modulation of sirtuins for future applications in the prevention and treatment of CVD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 711-732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania , Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Servillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania , Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi della Campania , Naples, Italy
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Mariani S, Fiore D, Persichetti A, Basciani S, Lubrano C, Poggiogalle E, Genco A, Donini LM, Gnessi L. Circulating SIRT1 Increases After Intragastric Balloon Fat Loss in Obese Patients. Obes Surg 2017; 26:1215-20. [PMID: 26337692 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuins (SIRTs), ubiquitous deacetylases, are main regulators of energy homeostasis and metabolism. SIRT1 has a positive impact on obesity, diabetes mellitus, liver steatosis, and other metabolic disorders. Lean subjects have higher expression of SIRT1 in the adipose tissue compared to obese. However, it is not known whether weight loss associates with changes in blood SIRT1. We evaluated the effect of weight loss on circulating SIRT1, metabolic parameters, and body composition. METHODS Thirty-two obese subjects were studied before and 6 months after BioEnterics® Intragastric Balloon (BIB®) [22 patients, BMI 41.82 ± 6.28 kg/m(2)] or hypocaloric diet [10 patients, BMI 38.95 ± 6.90 kg/m(2)]. Plasma SIRT1, body composition, measures of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides), and inflammation markers (ESR, CRP, fibrinogen) were recorded. RESULTS SIRT1 levels showed a significant increase, together with a significant reduction of BMI, excess body weight, and total fat mass either after BIB or diet intervention. The percent excess body weight loss was 33.73 ± 19.06 and 22.08 ± 11.62 % after BIB and diet, respectively, a trend toward a metabolic and inflammatory amelioration was observed with both treatments. Negative correlation between SIRT1 and % fat mass (BIB, ρ = -0.537, p = 0.017; diet, ρ = -0.638, p = 0.047) was also seen. CONCLUSIONS The reduction of fat mass associates with increased plasma SIRT1 indicating that, besides tissue levels, circulating SIRT1 is stimulated by a negative caloric balance. The rise of plasma SIRT1 may represent a parameter associating with fat loss rather than weight lowering regardless of the weight reduction system method used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mariani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniela Fiore
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Persichetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Basciani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Lubrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Poggiogalle
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Genco
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Surgical Endoscopy Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maria Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for many aspects of cellular homeostasis, including energy harvesting through oxidative phosphorylation. Alterations of mitochondrial function not only impact on cellular metabolism but also critically influence whole-body metabolism, health, and life span. Diseases defined by mitochondrial dysfunction have expanded from rare monogenic disorders in a strict sense to now also include many common polygenic diseases, including metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and neuromuscular diseases. This has led to an intensive search for new therapeutic and preventive strategies aimed at invigorating mitochondrial function by exploiting key components of mitochondrial biogenesis, redox metabolism, dynamics, mitophagy, and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. As such, new findings linking mitochondrial function to the progression or outcome of this ever-increasing list of diseases has stimulated the discovery and development of the first true mitochondrial drugs, which are now entering the clinic and are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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Zainabadi K, Liu CJ, Caldwell ALM, Guarente L. SIRT1 is a positive regulator of in vivo bone mass and a therapeutic target for osteoporosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185236. [PMID: 28937996 PMCID: PMC5609767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression or pharmacological activation of SIRT1 has been shown to extend the lifespan of mice and protect against aging-related diseases. Here we show that pharmacological activation of SIRT1 protects in two models of osteoporosis. Ovariectomized female mice and aged male mice, models for post-menopausal and aging-related osteoporosis, respectively, show significant improvements in bone mass upon treatment with SIRT1 agonist, SRT1720. Further, we find that calorie restriction (CR) results in a two-fold upregulation of sirt1 mRNA expression in bone tissue that is associated with increased bone mass in CR mice. Reciprocally, SIRT1 whole-body knockout (KO) mice, as well as osteoblast and osteoclast specific KOs, show a low bone mass phenotype; though double knockout mice (containing SIRT1 deleted in both osteoblasts and osteoclasts) do not show a more severe phenotype. Altogether, these findings provide strong evidence that SIRT1 is a positive regulator of bone mass and a promising target for the development of novel therapeutics for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Zainabadi
- Glenn Center for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Cassie J. Liu
- Glenn Center for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alison L. M. Caldwell
- Glenn Center for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leonard Guarente
- Glenn Center for the Science of Aging, Department of Biology, Koch Institute, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Noh RM, Venkatasubramanian S, Daga S, Langrish J, Mills NL, Lang NN, Hoffmann E, Waterhouse B, Newby DE, Frier BM. Cardiometabolic effects of a novel SIRT1 activator, SRT2104, in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Open Heart 2017; 4:e000647. [PMID: 28912956 PMCID: PMC5588958 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2017-000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cardiometabolic effects of SRT2104, a novel SIRT1 activator, were investigated in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Fifteen adults with T2DM underwent a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial and received 28 days of oral SRT2104 (2.0 g/day) or placebo. Forearm vasodilatation (measured during intrabrachial bradykinin, acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside infusions) as well as markers of glycaemic control, lipid profile, plasma fibrinolytic factors, and markers of platelet-monocyte activation, were measured at baseline and at the end of each treatment period. Results Lipid profile and platelet-monocyte activation were similar in both treatment arms (p>0.05 for all). Forearm vasodilatation was similar on exposure to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside (p>0.05, respectively). Bradykinin-induced vasodilatation was less during treatment with SRT2104 versus placebo (7.753vs9.044, respectively, mean difference=−1.291,(95% CI −2.296 to −0.285, p=0.012)). Estimated net plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen release was reduced in the SRT2104 arm versus placebo (mean difference=−38.89 ng/100 mL tissue/min, (95% CI −75.47, to –2.305, p=0.038)). There were no differences in other plasma fibrinolytic factors (p>0.05 for all). After 28 days, SRT2104 exposure was associated with weight reduction (−0.93 kg (95% CI −1.72 to −0.15), p=0.0236), and a rise in glycated haemoglobin (5 mmol/mol or 0.48% (0.26 to 0.70), p=0.004) Conclusions In people with T2DM, SRT2104 had inconsistent, predominantly neutral effects on endothelial and fibrinolytic function, and no discernible effect on lipids or platelet function. In contrast, weight loss was induced along with deterioration in glycaemic control, suggestive of potentially important metabolic effects. Clinical trial registration NCT01031108; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radzi M Noh
- Department of Diabetes, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Jeremy Langrish
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ninian N Lang
- BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ethan Hoffmann
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Waterhouse
- Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David E Newby
- Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian M Frier
- Department of Diabetes, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
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50
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Khader A, Yang WL, Hansen LW, Rajayer SR, Prince JM, Nicastro JM, Coppa GF, Wang P. SRT1720, a sirtuin 1 activator, attenuates organ injury and inflammation in sepsis. J Surg Res 2017; 219:288-295. [PMID: 29078895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis affects 800,000 patients in the United States annually with a mortality rate of up to 30%. Recent studies suggest that sepsis-associated metabolic derangements due to hypoxic tissue injury, impaired oxygen utilization, and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to mortality. Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is a crucial modulator of energy metabolism during starvation states and has anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we hypothesized that SRT1720, a Sirt1 activator, could attenuate the severity of sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice (20-25 g) were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis. SRT1720 (5 or 20 mg/kg BW) or 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle) in 0.2-mL saline was injected intravenously at 5 h after CLP. Control animals were not subjected to any surgery. Blood and liver samples were harvested at 20 h after CLP for analysis. RESULTS Administration of SRT1720 markedly reduced the serum levels of tissue injury markers (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase) and renal injury markers (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) in a dose-dependent manner after CLP. Furthermore, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the serum and liver were significantly inhibited by SRT1720 treatment after CLP. SRT1720 treatment resulted in a significantly decreased mRNA expression of inflammasome components (nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3, adapter apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase-recruitment domain, IL-1β, and IL-18) in the liver, compared with the vehicle group. CONCLUSIONS SRT1720 treatment attenuates multiorgan injury in septic mice. SRT1720 treatment also decreases the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reduces inflammasome activation. Thus, pharmacologic stimulation of Sirt1 may present a promising therapeutic strategy for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Khader
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York; Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York; Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York; Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Laura W Hansen
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
| | - Salil R Rajayer
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Jose M Prince
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York; Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Jeffrey M Nicastro
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
| | - Gene F Coppa
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
| | - Ping Wang
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York; Department of Surgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York; Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York.
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