1
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Tanshee RR, Mahmud Z, Nabi AHMN, Sayem M. A comprehensive in silico investigation into the pathogenic SNPs in the RTEL1 gene and their biological consequences. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309713. [PMID: 39240887 PMCID: PMC11379182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The Regulator of Telomere Helicase 1 (RTEL1) gene encodes a critical DNA helicase intricately involved in the maintenance of telomeric structures and the preservation of genomic stability. Germline mutations in the RTEL1 gene have been clinically associated with Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, a more severe version of Dyskeratosis Congenita. Although various research has sought to link RTEL1 mutations to specific disorders, no comprehensive investigation has yet been conducted on missense mutations. In this study, we attempted to investigate the functionally and structurally deleterious coding and non-coding SNPs of the RTEL1 gene using an in silico approach. Initially, out of 1392 nsSNPs, 43 nsSNPs were filtered out through ten web-based bioinformatics tools. With subsequent analysis using nine in silico tools, these 43 nsSNPs were further shortened to 11 most deleterious nsSNPs. Furthermore, analyses of mutated protein structures, evolutionary conservancy, surface accessibility, domains & PTM sites, cancer susceptibility, and interatomic interaction revealed the detrimental effect of these 11 nsSNPs on RTEL1 protein. An in-depth investigation through molecular docking with the DNA binding sequence demonstrated a striking change in the interaction pattern for F15L, M25V, and G706R mutant proteins, suggesting the more severe consequences of these mutations on protein structure and functionality. Among the non-coding variants, two had the highest likelihood of being regulatory variants, whereas one variant was predicted to affect the target region of a miRNA. Thus, this study lays the groundwork for extensive analysis of RTEL1 gene variants in the future, along with the advancement of precision medicine and other treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifah Rownak Tanshee
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Badda, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A H M Nurun Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Sayem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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2
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Smoom R, May CL, Lichtental D, Skordalakes E, Kaestner KH, Tzfati Y. Separation of telomere protection from length regulation by two different point mutations at amino acid 492 of RTEL1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582005. [PMID: 38464183 PMCID: PMC10925190 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
RTEL1 is an essential DNA helicase that plays multiple roles in genome stability and telomere length regulation. A variant of RTEL1 with a lysine at position 492 is associated with short telomeres in Mus spretus , while a conserved methionine at this position is found in M. musculus , which has ultra-long telomeres. In humans, a missense mutation at this position ( Rtel1 M492I ) causes a fatal telomere biology disease termed Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS). Introducing the Rtel1 M492K mutation into M. musculus shortened the telomeres of the resulting strain, termed 'Telomouse', to the length of human telomeres. Here, we report on a mouse strain carrying the Rtel1 M492I mutation, termed 'HHS mouse'. The HHS mouse telomeres are not as short as those of Telomice but nevertheless they display higher levels of telomeric DNA damage, fragility and recombination, associated with anaphase bridges and micronuclei. These observations indicate that the two mutations separate critical functions of RTEL1: M492K mainly reduces the telomere length setpoint, while M492I predominantly disrupts telomere protection. The two mouse models enable dissecting the mechanistic roles of RTEL1 and the different contributions of short telomeres and DNA damage to telomere biology diseases, genomic instability, cancer, and aging.
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3
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Neri Morales C, Cuestas D, Ángel F, Ilelaty Urbano FA, Rodríguez PA, Brito JA, Téllez D, Fernández I, Celis Regalado L. Dyskeratosis congenita associated with a novel missense variant in TERT: Approach for the dermatologists. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:438. [PMID: 38940945 PMCID: PMC11213808 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a telomeropathy presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges across multiple specialties; yet, subtle dermatological signs enable early detection, altering patient prognosis. A specific DC genetic sequencing was performed according to the clinical criteria of our patient in study. Subsequently, cross-checked information in the main genetic databases was carried out. Additionally, an extensive review of the literature was made to organize the main dermatological aspects in DC. We report a novel variant of DC. Additionally, we share 10 useful and practical messages for dermatologists and any specialist caring for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Neri Morales
- Department of Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Puente Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia.
| | - Daniel Cuestas
- Department of Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Puente Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia
- Estudioderma - Dermatologic Investigation Center - Medical Research Area, Bogotá, Colombia
- Dermatology Program, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Ángel
- Department of Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Puente Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia
| | - Felipe A Ilelaty Urbano
- Department of Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Puente Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia
| | - Paula Andrea Rodríguez
- Department of Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Puente Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia
| | - José Abraham Brito
- Department of Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Puente Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia
| | - Daniel Téllez
- Department of Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Puente Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia
| | - Isabel Fernández
- Department of Medical Genetics Unit, Policlínico Metropolitano, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luis Celis Regalado
- Department of Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus Puente Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, Colombia
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4
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Bertrand A, Ba I, Kermasson L, Pirabakaran V, Chable N, Lainey E, Ménard C, Kallel F, Picard C, Hadiji S, Coolen-Allou N, Blanchard E, de Villartay JP, Moshous D, Roelens M, Callebaut I, Kannengiesser C, Revy P. Characterization of novel mutations in the TEL-patch domain of the telomeric factor TPP1 associated with telomere biology disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:612-623. [PMID: 38176734 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures that protect the chromosome ends from degradation and fusion. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex essential to maintain the length of telomeres. Germline defects that lead to short and/or dysfunctional telomeres cause telomere biology disorders (TBDs), a group of rare and heterogeneous Mendelian diseases including pulmonary fibrosis, dyskeratosis congenita, and Høyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome. TPP1, a telomeric factor encoded by the gene ACD, recruits telomerase at telomere and stimulates its activity via its TEL-patch domain that directly interacts with TERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase. TBDs due to TPP1 deficiency have been reported only in 11 individuals. We here report four unrelated individuals with a wide spectrum of TBD manifestations carrying either heterozygous or homozygous ACD variants consisting in the recurrent and previously described in-frame deletion of K170 (K170∆) and three novel missense mutations G179D, L184R, and E215V. Structural and functional analyses demonstrated that the four variants affect the TEL-patch domain of TPP1 and impair telomerase activity. In addition, we identified in the ACD gene several motifs associated with small deletion hotspots that could explain the recurrence of the K170∆ mutation. Finally, we detected in a subset of blood cells from one patient, a somatic TERT promoter-activating mutation that likely provides a selective advantage over non-modified cells, a phenomenon known as indirect somatic genetic rescue. Together, our results broaden the genetic and clinical spectrum of TPP1 deficiency and specify new residues in the TEL-patch domain that are crucial for length maintenance and stability of human telomeres in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bertrand
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris 75015, France
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
| | - Ibrahima Ba
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris 75015, France
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Génétique, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75018, France
| | - Laëtitia Kermasson
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris 75015, France
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
| | - Vithura Pirabakaran
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris 75015, France
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
| | - Noémie Chable
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris 75015, France
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
| | - Elodie Lainey
- Hematology Laboratory, Robert Debré Hospital-AssistancePublique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), INSERM UMR 1131-Hematology University Institute-Denis Diderot School of Medicine, Paris 75019, France
| | - Christelle Ménard
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Génétique, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75018, France
| | - Faten Kallel
- Hematology Department, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Capucine Picard
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, (APHP), Paris 75015, France
- Centre de références des déficits immunitaires Héréditaires (CEREDIH), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital APHP, Paris 75015, France
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Inserm UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris 75015, France
| | - Sondes Hadiji
- Hematology Department, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nathalie Coolen-Allou
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Félix Guyon, CHU Réunion, Saint-Denis de la Réunion 97400, France
| | - Elodie Blanchard
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33604, France
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris 75015, France
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
| | - Despina Moshous
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris 75015, France
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, (APHP), Paris 75015, France
| | - Marie Roelens
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
- Centre de références des déficits immunitaires Héréditaires (CEREDIH), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital APHP, Paris 75015, France
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris 75005, France
| | - Caroline Kannengiesser
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Génétique, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 75018, France
| | - Patrick Revy
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, 24 boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris 75015, France
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
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5
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Klump BM, Schmidt JC. Advances in understanding telomerase assembly. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:2093-2101. [PMID: 38108475 PMCID: PMC10754283 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase is a complex ribonucleoprotein scaffolded by the telomerase RNA (TR). Telomere lengthening by telomerase is essential to maintain the proliferative potential of stem cells and germ cells, and telomerase is inappropriately activated in the majority of cancers. Assembly of TR with its 12 protein co-factors and the maturation of the 5'- and 3'-ends of TR have been the focus of intense research efforts over the past two decades. High-resolution Cryo-EM structures of human telomerase, high-throughput sequencing of the 3' end of TR, and live cell imaging of various telomerase components have significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern telomerase biogenesis, yet many important questions remain unaddressed. In this review, we will summarize these recent advances and highlight the remaining key questions with the ultimate goal of targeting telomerase assembly to suppress telomere maintenance in cancer cells or to promote telomerase activity in patients affected by telomere shortening disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma M. Klump
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, College of Natural Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Jens C. Schmidt
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
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6
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Smoom R, May CL, Ortiz V, Tigue M, Kolev HM, Rowe M, Reizel Y, Morgan A, Egyes N, Lichtental D, Skordalakes E, Kaestner KH, Tzfati Y. Telomouse-a mouse model with human-length telomeres generated by a single amino acid change in RTEL1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6708. [PMID: 37872177 PMCID: PMC10593777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, protect genome integrity and enable cell proliferation. Maintaining optimal telomere length in the germline and throughout life limits the risk of cancer and enables healthy aging. Telomeres in the house mouse, Mus musculus, are about five times longer than human telomeres, limiting the use of this common laboratory animal for studying the contribution of telomere biology to aging and cancer. We identified a key amino acid variation in the helicase RTEL1, naturally occurring in the short-telomere mouse species M. spretus. Introducing this variation into M. musculus is sufficient to reduce the telomere length set point in the germline and generate mice with human-length telomeres. While these mice are fertile and appear healthy, the regenerative capacity of their colonic epithelium is compromised. The engineered Telomouse reported here demonstrates a dominant role of RTEL1 in telomere length regulation and provides a unique model for aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham Smoom
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Catherine Lee May
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vivian Ortiz
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark Tigue
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hannah M Kolev
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Melissa Rowe
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yitzhak Reizel
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ashleigh Morgan
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nachshon Egyes
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Dan Lichtental
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Emmanuel Skordalakes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Yehuda Tzfati
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
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7
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Koschitzki K, Ivanova I, Berneburg M. [Progeroid syndromes : Aging, skin aging, and mechanisms of progeroid syndromes]. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 74:696-706. [PMID: 37650893 PMCID: PMC10480280 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-023-05212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Progeroid syndromes (PSs) are characterized by the premature onset of age-related pathologies. PSs display a wide range of heterogeneous pathological symptoms that also manifest during natural aging, including vision and hearing loss, atrophy, hair loss, progressive neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular defects. Recent advances in molecular pathology have led to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these diseases. The genetic mutations underlying PSs are functionally linked to genome maintenance and repair, supporting the causative role of DNA damage accumulation in aging. While some of those genes encode proteins with a direct involvement in a DNA repair machinery, such as nucleotide excision repair (NER), others destabilize the genome by compromising the stability of the nuclear envelope, when lamin A is dysfunctional in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) or regulate the DNA damage response (DDR) such as the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) gene. Understanding the molecular pathology of progeroid diseases is crucial in developing potential treatments to manage and prevent the onset of symptoms. This knowledge provides insight into the underlying mechanisms of premature aging and could lead to improved quality of life for individuals affected by progeroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Koschitzki
- Poliklinik und Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland.
| | - Irina Ivanova
- Poliklinik und Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Poliklinik und Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
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8
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Chi CS, Tsai CR, Lee HF. Biallelic SHQ1 variants in early infantile hypotonia and paroxysmal dystonia as the leading manifestation. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1029-1041. [PMID: 36847845 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic SHQ1 variant-related neurodevelopmental disorder is extremely rare. To date, only six affected individuals, from four families, have been reported. Here, we report eight individuals, from seven unrelated families, who exhibited neurodevelopmental disorder and/or dystonia, received whole-genome sequencing, and had inherited biallelic SHQ1 variants. The median age at disease onset was 3.5 months old. All eight individuals exhibited normal eye contact, profound hypotonia, paroxysmal dystonia, and brisk deep tendon reflexes at the first visit. Varying degrees of autonomic dysfunction were observed. One individual had cerebellar atrophy at the initial neuroimaging study, however, three individuals showed cerebellar atrophy at follow-up. Seven individuals who underwent cerebral spinal fluid analysis all had a low level of homovanillic acid in neurotransmitter metabolites. Four individuals who received 99mTc-TRODAT-1 scan had moderate to severe decreased uptake of dopamine in the striatum. Four novel SHQ1 variants in 16 alleles were identified: 9 alleles (56%) were c.997C > G (p.L333V); 4 (25%) were c.195T > A (p.Y65X); 2 (13%) were c.812T > A (p.V271E); and 1 (6%) was c.146T > C (p.L49S). The four novel SHQ1 variants transfected into human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells resulted in a retardation in neuronal migration, suggestive of SHQ1 variant correlated with neurodevelopmental disorders. During the follow-up period, five individuals still exhibited hypotonia and paroxysmal dystonia; two showed dystonia; and one had hypotonia only. The complex interactions among movement disorders, dopaminergic pathways, and the neuroanatomic circuit needs further study to clarify the roles of the SHQ1 gene and protein in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shiang Chi
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Taiwan Boulevard Sec. 4, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ren Tsai
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Taiwan Boulevard Sec. 4, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fen Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Taiwan Boulevard Sec. 4, Taichung, 407, Taiwan.
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Rd., Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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9
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El Maï M, Bird M, Allouche A, Targen S, Şerifoğlu N, Lopes-Bastos B, Guigonis JM, Kang D, Pourcher T, Yue JX, Ferreira MG. Gut-specific telomerase expression counteracts systemic aging in telomerase-deficient zebrafish. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:567-584. [PMID: 37142828 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Telomere shortening is a hallmark of aging and is counteracted by telomerase. As in humans, the zebrafish gut is one of the organs with the fastest rate of telomere decline, triggering early tissue dysfunction during normal zebrafish aging and in prematurely aged telomerase mutants. However, whether telomere-dependent aging of an individual organ, the gut, causes systemic aging is unknown. Here we show that tissue-specific telomerase expression in the gut can prevent telomere shortening and rescues premature aging of tert-/-. Induction of telomerase rescues gut senescence and low cell proliferation, while restoring tissue integrity, inflammation and age-dependent microbiota dysbiosis. Averting gut aging causes systemic beneficial impacts, rescuing aging of distant organs such as reproductive and hematopoietic systems. Conclusively, we show that gut-specific telomerase expression extends the lifespan of tert-/- by 40%, while ameliorating natural aging. Our work demonstrates that gut-specific rescue of telomerase expression leading to telomere elongation is sufficient to systemically counteract aging in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir El Maï
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Malia Bird
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Asma Allouche
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Seniye Targen
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Naz Şerifoğlu
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Bruno Lopes-Bastos
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Marie Guigonis
- Laboratory Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Da Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thierry Pourcher
- Laboratory Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frederic Joliot, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jia-Xing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miguel Godinho Ferreira
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
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10
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Babcock SJ, Flores-Marin D, Thiagarajah JR. The genetics of monogenic intestinal epithelial disorders. Hum Genet 2023; 142:613-654. [PMID: 36422736 PMCID: PMC10182130 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic intestinal epithelial disorders, also known as congenital diarrheas and enteropathies (CoDEs), are a group of rare diseases that result from mutations in genes that primarily affect intestinal epithelial cell function. Patients with CoDE disorders generally present with infantile-onset diarrhea and poor growth, and often require intensive fluid and nutritional management. CoDE disorders can be classified into several categories that relate to broad areas of epithelial function, structure, and development. The advent of accessible and low-cost genetic sequencing has accelerated discovery in the field with over 45 different genes now associated with CoDE disorders. Despite this increasing knowledge in the causal genetics of disease, the underlying cellular pathophysiology remains incompletely understood for many disorders. Consequently, clinical management options for CoDE disorders are currently limited and there is an urgent need for new and disorder-specific therapies. In this review, we provide a general overview of CoDE disorders, including a historical perspective of the field and relationship to other monogenic disorders of the intestine. We describe the genetics, clinical presentation, and known pathophysiology for specific disorders. Lastly, we describe the major challenges relating to CoDE disorders, briefly outline key areas that need further study, and provide a perspective on the future genetic and therapeutic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Babcock
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Enders Rm 605, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David Flores-Marin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Enders Rm 605, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jay R Thiagarajah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Enders Rm 605, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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11
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Babcock S, Calvo KR, Hasserjian RP. Pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023; 40:152-171. [PMID: 37173164 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Tobai H, Endo M, Ishimura M, Moriya K, Yano J, Kanamori K, Sato N, Amanuma F, Maruyama H, Muramatsu H, Shibahara J, Narita M, Fumoto S, Peltier D, Ohga S. Neonatal intestinal obstruction in Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome with novel RTEL1 variants. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30250. [PMID: 36776130 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Tobai
- Division of Pediatrics, Iwate Prefectural Iwai Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikiya Endo
- Department of Pediatrics, Iwate Medical University, School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Masataka Ishimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Moriya
- Division of Pediatrics, Iwate Prefectural Iwai Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Jun Yano
- Division of Pediatrics, Iwate Prefectural Iwai Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan
| | - Keita Kanamori
- Division of Pediatrics, Iwate Prefectural Iwai Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan
| | - Norio Sato
- Division of Pediatrics, Iwate Prefectural Iwai Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Amanuma
- Division of Pediatrics, Iwate Prefectural Iwai Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Maruyama
- Division of Pediatrics, Iwate Prefectural Iwai Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junji Shibahara
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Masami Narita
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Seiko Fumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Daniel Peltier
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Galtier J, Dimicoli-Salazar S, Trimouille A, Lainey E, Revy P, Bidet A, Vial Y, Forcade E, Negrier-Leibreich ML, Rivière E, Tinat J, Le Meur N, Ménard C, Pigneux A, Leguay T, Dumas PY, Ibrahima B, Kannengiesser C. First clinical description of a pedigree with complete NAF1 deletion. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:487-490. [PMID: 36416722 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2148377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Galtier
- Service D'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Département d'Anatomopathologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U1211 INSERM, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Lainey
- Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Robert-Debré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Revy
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Bidet
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Yoann Vial
- Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Robert-Debré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Edouard Forcade
- Service D'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | - Etienne Rivière
- Service de Médecine Interne et Maladie Infectieuse, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Julie Tinat
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Christelle Ménard
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Xavier Bichat-Claude Bernard, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Pigneux
- Service D'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Thibaut Leguay
- Service D'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Dumas
- Service D'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Ba Ibrahima
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Xavier Bichat-Claude Bernard, APHP, Paris, France
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14
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Revy P, Kannengiesser C, Bertuch AA. Genetics of human telomere biology disorders. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:86-108. [PMID: 36151328 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes that prevent the activation of DNA damage response and repair pathways. Numerous factors localize at telomeres to regulate their length, structure and function, to avert replicative senescence or genome instability and cell death. In humans, Mendelian defects in several of these factors can result in abnormally short or dysfunctional telomeres, causing a group of rare heterogeneous premature-ageing diseases, termed telomeropathies, short-telomere syndromes or telomere biology disorders (TBDs). Here, we review the TBD-causing genes identified so far and describe their main functions associated with telomere biology. We present molecular aspects of TBDs, including genetic anticipation, phenocopy, incomplete penetrance and somatic genetic rescue, which underlie the complexity of these diseases. We also discuss the implications of phenotypic and genetic features of TBDs on fundamental aspects related to human telomere biology, ageing and cancer, as well as on diagnostic, therapeutic and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Revy
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Kannengiesser
- APHP Service de Génétique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
- Inserm U1152, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alison A Bertuch
- Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Zheng B, Fu J. Telomere dysfunction in some pediatric congenital and growth-related diseases. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1133102. [PMID: 37077333 PMCID: PMC10106694 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1133102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere wear and dysfunction may lead to aging-related diseases. Moreover, increasing evidence show that the occurrence, development, and prognosis of some pediatric diseases are also related to telomere dysfunction. In this review, we systematically analyzed the relationship between telomere biology and some pediatric congenital and growth-related diseases and proposed new theoretical basis and therapeutic targets for the treatment of these diseases.
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16
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Hassani MA, Murid J, Yan J. Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 gene and its association with malignancy. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 6:e1735. [PMID: 36253342 PMCID: PMC9875622 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the progression of next-generation sequencing technologies, researchers have identified numerous variants of the regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1) gene that are associated with a broad spectrum of phenotypic manifestations, including malignancies. At the molecular level, RTEL1 is involved in the regulation of the repair, replication, and transcription of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the maintenance of telomere length. RTEL1 can act both as a promotor and inhibitor of tumorigenesis. Here, we review the potential mechanisms implicated in the malignant transformation of tissues under conditions of RTEL1 deficiency or its aberrant overexpression. RECENT FINDINGS A major hemostatic challenge during RTEL1 dysfunction could arise from its unbalanced activity for unwinding guanine-rich quadruplex DNA (G4-DNA) structures. In contrast, RTEL1 deficiency leads to alterations in telomeric and genome-wide DNA maintenance mechanisms, ribonucleoprotein metabolism, and the creation of an inflammatory and immune-deficient microenvironment, all promoting malignancy. Additionally, we hypothesize that functionally similar molecules could act to compensate for the deteriorated functions of RTEL1, thereby facilitating the survival of malignant cells. On the contrary, RTEL1 over-expression was directed toward G4-unwinding, by promoting replication fork progression and maintaining intact telomeres, may facilitate malignant transformation and proliferation of various pre-malignant cellular compartments. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, restoring the equilibrium of RTEL1 functions could serve as a therapeutic approach for preventing and treating malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arian Hassani
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of HematologySecond Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina,Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Ali Abad Teaching HospitalKabul University of Medical SciencesJamal menaKabulAfghanistan
| | - Jamshid Murid
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Ali Abad Teaching HospitalKabul University of Medical SciencesJamal menaKabulAfghanistan
| | - Jinsong Yan
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of HematologySecond Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina,Diamond Bay Institute of HematologySecond Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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17
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Abstract
Telomere biology was first studied in maize, ciliates, yeast, and mice, and in recent decades, it has informed understanding of common disease mechanisms with broad implications for patient care. Short telomere syndromes are the most prevalent premature aging disorders, with prominent phenotypes affecting the lung and hematopoietic system. Less understood are a newly recognized group of cancer-prone syndromes that are associated with mutations that lengthen telomeres. A large body of new data from Mendelian genetics and epidemiology now provides an opportunity to reconsider paradigms related to the role of telomeres in human aging and cancer, and in some cases, the findings diverge from what was interpreted from model systems. For example, short telomeres have been considered potent drivers of genome instability, but age-associated solid tumors are rare in individuals with short telomere syndromes, and T cell immunodeficiency explains their spectrum. More commonly, short telomeres promote clonal hematopoiesis, including somatic reversion, providing a new leukemogenesis paradigm that is independent of genome instability. Long telomeres, on the other hand, which extend the cellular life span in vitro, are now appreciated to be the most common shared germline risk factor for cancer in population studies. Through this contemporary lens, I revisit here the role of telomeres in human aging, focusing on how short and long telomeres drive cancer evolution but through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Armanios
- Departments of Oncology, Genetic Medicine, Pathology, and Molecular Biology and Genetics; Telomere Center at Johns Hopkins; and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
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18
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Fiesco-Roa MÓ, García-de Teresa B, Leal-Anaya P, van ‘t Hek R, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Frías S, Rodríguez A. Fanconi anemia and dyskeratosis congenita/telomere biology disorders: Two inherited bone marrow failure syndromes with genomic instability. Front Oncol 2022; 12:949435. [PMID: 36091172 PMCID: PMC9453478 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.949435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are a complex and heterogeneous group of genetic diseases. To date, at least 13 IBMFS have been characterized. Their pathophysiology is associated with germline pathogenic variants in genes that affect hematopoiesis. A couple of these diseases also have genomic instability, Fanconi anemia due to DNA damage repair deficiency and dyskeratosis congenita/telomere biology disorders as a result of an alteration in telomere maintenance. Patients can have extramedullary manifestations, including cancer and functional or structural physical abnormalities. Furthermore, the phenotypic spectrum varies from cryptic features to patients with significantly evident manifestations. These diseases require a high index of suspicion and should be considered in any patient with abnormal hematopoiesis, even if extramedullary manifestations are not evident. This review describes the disrupted cellular processes that lead to the affected maintenance of the genome structure, contrasting the dysmorphological and oncological phenotypes of Fanconi anemia and dyskeratosis congenita/telomere biology disorders. Through a dysmorphological analysis, we describe the phenotypic features that allow to make the differential diagnosis and the early identification of patients, even before the onset of hematological or oncological manifestations. From the oncological perspective, we analyzed the spectrum and risks of cancers in patients and carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Ó. Fiesco-Roa
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Paula Leal-Anaya
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Renée van ‘t Hek
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autoínoma de Meíxico (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sara Frías
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alfredo Rodríguez, ; Sara Frías,
| | - Alfredo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Alfredo Rodríguez, ; Sara Frías,
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19
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Milardi G, Di Lorenzo B, Gerosa J, Barzaghi F, Di Matteo G, Omrani M, Jofra T, Merelli I, Barcella M, Filippini M, Conti A, Ferrua F, Pozzo Giuffrida F, Dionisio F, Rovere‐Querini P, Marktel S, Assanelli A, Piemontese S, Brigida I, Zoccolillo M, Cirillo E, Giardino G, Danieli MG, Specchia F, Pacillo L, Di Cesare S, Giancotta C, Romano F, Matarese A, Chetta AA, Trimarchi M, Laurenzi A, De Pellegrin M, Darin S, Montin D, Marinoni M, Dellepiane RM, Sordi V, Lougaris V, Vacca A, Melzi R, Nano R, Azzari C, Bongiovanni L, Pignata C, Cancrini C, Plebani A, Piemonti L, Petrovas C, Di Micco R, Ponzoni M, Aiuti A, Cicalese MP, Fousteri G. Follicular helper T cell signature of replicative exhaustion, apoptosis, and senescence in common variable immunodeficiency. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1171-1189. [PMID: 35562849 PMCID: PMC9542315 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent primary antibody deficiency whereby follicular helper T (Tfh) cells fail to establish productive responses with B cells in germinal centers. Here, we analyzed the frequency, phenotype, transcriptome, and function of circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells in CVID patients displaying autoimmunity as an additional phenotype. A group of patients showed a high frequency of cTfh1 cells and a prominent expression of PD-1 and ICOS as well as a cTfh mRNA signature consistent with highly activated, but exhausted, senescent, and apoptotic cells. Plasmatic CXCL13 levels were elevated in this group and positively correlated with cTfh1 cell frequency and PD-1 levels. Monoallelic variants in RTEL1, a telomere length- and DNA repair-related gene, were identified in four patients belonging to this group. Their blood lymphocytes showed shortened telomeres, while their cTfh were more prone to apoptosis. These data point toward a novel pathogenetic mechanism in CVID, whereby alterations in DNA repair and telomere elongation might predispose to antibody deficiency. A Th1, highly activated but exhausted and apoptotic cTfh phenotype was associated with this form of CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Milardi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious DiseasesDiabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Biagio Di Lorenzo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious DiseasesDiabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Jolanda Gerosa
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious DiseasesDiabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Federica Barzaghi
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
- Pathogenesis and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapySr‐TIGETIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Gigliola Di Matteo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor VergataVia Cracovia 50Rome00133Italy
- Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Academic Department of PediatricsBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSPiazza di Sant'Onofrio 4Rome00165Italy
| | - Maryam Omrani
- Pathogenesis and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapySr‐TIGETIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
- Department of Computer Science, Systems and Communication, University of Milano‐BicoccaPiazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1Milan20126Italy
| | - Tatiana Jofra
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious DiseasesDiabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- Pathogenesis and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapySr‐TIGETIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
- Department of BioinformaticsInstitute for Biomedical TechnologiesNational Research CouncilVia Fratelli Cervi 93Segrate20090Italy
| | - Matteo Barcella
- Pathogenesis and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapySr‐TIGETIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Matteo Filippini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious DiseasesDiabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Anastasia Conti
- Pathogenesis and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapySr‐TIGETIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrua
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
- Pathogenesis and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapySr‐TIGETIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Francesco Pozzo Giuffrida
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
- Pathogenesis and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapySr‐TIGETIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Francesca Dionisio
- Pathogenesis and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapySr‐TIGETIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere‐Querini
- Department of ImmunologyTransplantation and Infectious DiseasesIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Sarah Marktel
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Andrea Assanelli
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Simona Piemontese
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Immacolata Brigida
- Pathogenesis and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapySr‐TIGETIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Matteo Zoccolillo
- Pathogenesis and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapySr‐TIGETIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Emilia Cirillo
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesSection of PediatricsFederico II University of NaplesCorso Umberto I, 40, 80138Italy
| | - Giuliana Giardino
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesSection of PediatricsFederico II University of NaplesCorso Umberto I, 40, 80138Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Danieli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular SciencesMarche Polytechnic University of AnconaClinica MedicaVia Tronto 10/aAncona60126Italy
| | - Fernando Specchia
- Department of PediatricsS. Orsola‐Malpighi HospitalUniversity of BolognaVia Giuseppe Massarenti 9Bologna40138Italy
| | - Lucia Pacillo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor VergataVia Cracovia 50Rome00133Italy
- Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Academic Department of PediatricsBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSPiazza di Sant'Onofrio 4Rome00165Italy
| | - Silvia Di Cesare
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor VergataVia Cracovia 50Rome00133Italy
- Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Academic Department of PediatricsBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSPiazza di Sant'Onofrio 4Rome00165Italy
| | - Carmela Giancotta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor VergataVia Cracovia 50Rome00133Italy
- Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Academic Department of PediatricsBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSPiazza di Sant'Onofrio 4Rome00165Italy
| | - Francesca Romano
- Pediatric Immunology DivisionDepartment of PediatricsAnna Meyer Children's University HospitalViale Gaetano Pieraccini 24Florence50139Italy
| | - Alessandro Matarese
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSanti AntonioBiagio and Cesare Arrigo HospitalVia Venezia 16Alessandria15121Italy
| | - Alfredo Antonio Chetta
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryRespiratory Disease and Lung Function UnitUniversity of ParmaStr. dell'Università 12Parma43121Italy
| | - Matteo Trimarchi
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Head and Neck Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
- Pathology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Andrea Laurenzi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious DiseasesDiabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Maurizio De Pellegrin
- Unit of Orthopaedics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Silvia Darin
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Davide Montin
- Department of Pediatrics and Public HealthRegina Margherita HospitalPiazza Polonia 94Turin10126Italy
| | - Maddalena Marinoni
- Pediatric UnitOspedale “F. Del Ponte”Via Filippo del Ponte 19Varese21100Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Dellepiane
- Department of PediatricsFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoUniversity of MilanVia Francesco Sforza 35Milan20122Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious DiseasesDiabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesPediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. NocivelliUniversity of BresciaPiazza del Mercato 15Brescia25121Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyUniversity of Bari Medical SchoolPiazza Umberto I, 1Bari70121Italy
| | - Raffaella Melzi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious DiseasesDiabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Rita Nano
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious DiseasesDiabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Chiara Azzari
- Pediatric Immunology DivisionDepartment of PediatricsAnna Meyer Children's University HospitalViale Gaetano Pieraccini 24Florence50139Italy
| | - Lucia Bongiovanni
- Pathology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Claudio Pignata
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesSection of PediatricsFederico II University of NaplesCorso Umberto I, 40, 80138Italy
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor VergataVia Cracovia 50Rome00133Italy
- Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Academic Department of PediatricsBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSPiazza di Sant'Onofrio 4Rome00165Italy
| | - Alessandro Plebani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesPediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. NocivelliUniversity of BresciaPiazza del Mercato 15Brescia25121Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious DiseasesDiabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity Vita‐Salute San RaffaeleVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology LaboratoryVaccine Research CenterNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health9000 Rockville PikeBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Raffaella Di Micco
- Pathogenesis and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapySr‐TIGETIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity Vita‐Salute San RaffaeleVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
- Pathogenesis and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapySr‐TIGETIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity Vita‐Salute San RaffaeleVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Maria Pia Cicalese
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
- Pathogenesis and therapy of primary immunodeficiencies UnitSan Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene TherapySr‐TIGETIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
| | - Georgia Fousteri
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious DiseasesDiabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan20132Italy
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20
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Guérin C, Crestani B, Dupin C, Kawano-Dourado L, Ba I, Kannengiesser C, Borie R. [Telomeres and lung]. Rev Mal Respir 2022; 39:595-606. [PMID: 35715316 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies of familial forms of interstitial lung disease (ILD) have led to the discovery of telomere-related gene (TRG) mutations (TERT, TERC, RTEL1, PARN, DKC1, TINF2, NAF1, NOP10, NHP2, ACD, ZCCH8) in approximately 30% of familial ILD forms. ILD patients with TRG mutation are also subject to extra-pulmonary (immune-hematological, hepatic and/or mucosal-cutaneous) manifestations. TRG mutations may be associated not only with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but also with non-IPF ILDs, including idiopathic and secondary ILDs, such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). The presence of TRG mutation may also be associated with an accelerated decline of forced vital capacity (FVC) or poorer prognosis after lung transplantation, notwithstanding which, usual ILD treatments may be proposed. Lastly, patients and their relatives are called upon to reduce their exposure to environmental lung toxicity, and are likely to derive benefit from specific genetic counseling and pre-symptomatic genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guérin
- Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de compétences maladies pulmonaires rares, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France..
| | - B Crestani
- Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de compétences maladies pulmonaires rares, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.; INSERM, Unité 1152; Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - C Dupin
- Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de compétences maladies pulmonaires rares, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.; INSERM, Unité 1152; Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - L Kawano-Dourado
- INSERM, Unité 1152; Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.; HCor Research Institute, Hôpital de Caracao, Sao Paulo, Brésil.; Département de Pneumologie, InCor, Université de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brésil
| | - I Ba
- INSERM, Unité 1152; Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.; Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - C Kannengiesser
- INSERM, Unité 1152; Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.; Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - R Borie
- Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de compétences maladies pulmonaires rares, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.; INSERM, Unité 1152; Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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21
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Kermasson L, Churikov D, Awad A, Smoom R, Lainey E, Touzot F, Audebert-Bellanger S, Haro S, Roger L, Costa E, Mouf M, Bottero A, Oleastro M, Abdo C, de Villartay JP, Géli V, Tzfati Y, Callebaut I, Danielian S, Soares G, Kannengiesser C, Revy P. Inherited human Apollo deficiency causes severe bone marrow failure and developmental defects. Blood 2022; 139:2427-2440. [PMID: 35007328 PMCID: PMC11022855 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021010791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) are a group of disorders typified by impaired production of 1 or several blood cell types. The telomere biology disorders dyskeratosis congenita (DC) and its severe variant, Høyeraal-Hreidarsson (HH) syndrome, are rare IBMFSs characterized by bone marrow failure, developmental defects, and various premature aging complications associated with critically short telomeres. We identified biallelic variants in the gene encoding the 5'-to-3' DNA exonuclease Apollo/SNM1B in 3 unrelated patients presenting with a DC/HH phenotype consisting of early-onset hypocellular bone marrow failure, B and NK lymphopenia, developmental anomalies, microcephaly, and/or intrauterine growth retardation. All 3 patients carry a homozygous or compound heterozygous (in combination with a null allele) missense variant affecting the same residue L142 (L142F or L142S) located in the catalytic domain of Apollo. Apollo-deficient cells from patients exhibited spontaneous chromosome instability and impaired DNA repair that was complemented by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene correction. Furthermore, patients' cells showed signs of telomere fragility that were not associated with global reduction of telomere length. Unlike patients' cells, human Apollo KO HT1080 cell lines showed strong telomere dysfunction accompanied by excessive telomere shortening, suggesting that the L142S and L142F Apollo variants are hypomorphic. Collectively, these findings define human Apollo as a genome caretaker and identify biallelic Apollo variants as a genetic cause of a hitherto unrecognized severe IBMFS that combines clinical hallmarks of DC/HH with normal telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Kermasson
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Laboratoire labellisé Ligue Naionale contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Dmitri Churikov
- U1068 INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7258 (CNRS), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Marseille Cancer Research Center (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Aya Awad
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus-Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Riham Smoom
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus-Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elodie Lainey
- Hematology Laboratory, Robert Debré Hospital-Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP); INSERM UMR 1131-Hematology University Institute-Denis Diderot School of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Touzot
- Department of Immunology-Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Sainte Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Haro
- Department of Paediatrics and Medical Genetics, CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Lauréline Roger
- Structure and Instability of Genomes laboratory, “Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle” (MNHN), INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - Emilia Costa
- Serviço de Pediatria, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maload Mouf
- 68HAL Meddle Laboratory, Zenon Skelter Institute, Green Hills, Eggum, Norway
| | | | - Matias Oleastro
- Rheumathology and Immunology Service, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chrystelle Abdo
- Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris and Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Laboratoire labellisé Ligue Naionale contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Géli
- U1068 INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7258 (CNRS), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Marseille Cancer Research Center (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Yehuda Tzfati
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus-Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Danielian
- Department of Immunology, JP Garrahan National Hospital of Pediatrics, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Soares
- Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Caroline Kannengiesser
- Service de Génétique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Revy
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Laboratoire labellisé Ligue Naionale contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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22
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Lister-Shimauchi EH, McCarthy B, Lippincott M, Ahmed S. Genetic and Epigenetic Inheritance at Telomeres. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:9. [PMID: 35323213 PMCID: PMC8947350 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenerational inheritance can occur at telomeres in distinct contexts. Deficiency for telomerase or telomere-binding proteins in germ cells can result in shortened or lengthened chromosome termini that are transmitted to progeny. In human families, altered telomere lengths can result in stem cell dysfunction or tumor development. Genetic inheritance of altered telomeres as well as mutations that alter telomeres can result in progressive telomere length changes over multiple generations. Telomeres of yeast can modulate the epigenetic state of subtelomeric genes in a manner that is mitotically heritable, and the effects of telomeres on subtelomeric gene expression may be relevant to senescence or other human adult-onset disorders. Recently, two novel epigenetic states were shown to occur at C. elegans telomeres, where very low or high levels of telomeric protein foci can be inherited for multiple generations through a process that is regulated by histone methylation.Together, these observations illustrate that information relevant to telomere biology can be inherited via genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, although the broad impact of epigenetic inheritance to human biology remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan H. Lister-Shimauchi
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA; (E.H.L.-S.); (B.M.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Benjamin McCarthy
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA; (E.H.L.-S.); (B.M.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Michael Lippincott
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA; (E.H.L.-S.); (B.M.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Shawn Ahmed
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA; (E.H.L.-S.); (B.M.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
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23
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Dorgaleleh S, Naghipoor K, Hajimohammadi Z, Dastaviz F, Oladnabi M. Molecular insight of dyskeratosis congenita: Defects in telomere length homeostasis. J Clin Transl Res 2022; 8:20-30. [PMID: 35097237 PMCID: PMC8791241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare disease and is a heterogenous disorder, with its inheritance patterns as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked recessive. This disorder occurs due to faulty maintenance of telomeres in stem cells. This congenital condition is diagnosed with three symptoms: oral leukoplakia, nail dystrophy, and abnormal skin pigmentation. However, because it has a wide range of symptoms, it may have phenotypes similar to other diseases. For this reason, it is necessary to use methods of measuring the Telomere Length (TL) and determining the shortness of the telomere in these patients so that it can be distinguished from other diseases. Today, the Next Generation Sequencing technique accurately detects mutations in the target genes. AIM This work aims to review and summarize how each of the DC genes is involved in TL, and how to diagnose and differentiate the disease using clinical signs and methods to measure TL. It also offers treatments for DC patients, such as Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Androgen therapy. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS In DC patients, the genes involved in telomere homeostasis are mutated. Because these patients may have an overlapping phenotype with other diseases, it is best to perform whole-exome sequencing after genetics counseling to find the relevant mutation. As DC is a multi-systemic disease, we need to monitor patients frequently through annual lung function tests, ultrasounds, gynecological examinations, and skin examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Dorgaleleh
- 1Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Karim Naghipoor
- 1Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajimohammadi
- 2Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzad Dastaviz
- 1Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Morteza Oladnabi
- 3Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,4Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,
Corresponding author: Morteza Oladnabi Department of Medical Genetics, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. Tel: +981732459995
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24
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Çepni E, Satkın NB, Moheb LA, Rocha ME, Kayserili H. Biallelic TERT variant leads to Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome with additional dyskeratosis congenita findings. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:1226-1232. [PMID: 34890115 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Short telomere syndromes constitute a heterogeneous group of clinical conditions characterized by short telomeres and impaired telomerase activity due to pathogenic variants in the essential telomerase components. Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare, multisystemic telomere biology disorder characterized by abnormal skin pigmentation, oral leukoplakia and nail dysplasia along with various somatic findings. Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS) is generally an autosomal recessively inherited subgroup showing growth retardation, microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia and severe immunodeficiency. We here report on a consanguineous family from Turkey, in which a missense variant in the reverse transcriptase domain of the TERT gene segregated with short telomere lengths and was associated with full-blown short telomere syndrome phenotype in the index; and heterogeneous adult-onset manifestations in heterozygous individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Çepni
- Institute of Health Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihan Bilge Satkın
- Genetic Diseases Evaluation Center, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Hülya Kayserili
- Institute of Health Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Genetic Diseases Evaluation Center, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Garus A, Autexier C. Dyskerin: an essential pseudouridine synthase with multifaceted roles in ribosome biogenesis, splicing, and telomere maintenance. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 27:1441-1458. [PMID: 34556550 PMCID: PMC8594475 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078953.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dyskerin and its homologs are ancient and conserved enzymes that catalyze the most common post-transcriptional modification found in cells, pseudouridylation. The resulting pseudouridines provide stability to RNA molecules and regulate ribosome biogenesis and splicing events. Dyskerin does not act independently-it is the core component of a protein heterotetramer, which associates with RNAs that contain the H/ACA motif. The variety of H/ACA RNAs that guide the function of this ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex highlights the diversity of cellular processes in which dyskerin participates. When associated with small nucleolar (sno) RNAs, it regulates ribosomal (r) RNAs and ribosome biogenesis. By interacting with small Cajal body (sca) RNAs, it targets small nuclear (sn) RNAs to regulate pre-mRNA splicing. As a component of the telomerase holoenzyme, dyskerin binds to the telomerase RNA to modulate telomere maintenance. In a disease context, dyskerin malfunction can result in multiple detrimental phenotypes. Mutations in DKC1, the gene that encodes dyskerin, cause the premature aging syndrome X-linked dyskeratosis congenita (X-DC), a still incurable disorder that typically leads to bone marrow failure. In this review, we present the classical and most recent findings on this essential protein, discussing the evolutionary, structural, and functional aspects of dyskerin and the H/ACA RNP. The latest research underscores the role that dyskerin plays in the regulation of gene expression, translation efficiency, and telomere maintenance, along with the impacts that defective dyskerin has on aging, cell proliferation, haematopoietic potential, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Garus
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C7, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Chantal Autexier
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C7, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
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26
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A large buccal hematoma in a patient with Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome. ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY CASES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2021.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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27
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Lin CYG, Näger AC, Lunardi T, Vančevska A, Lossaint G, Lingner J. The human telomeric proteome during telomere replication. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:12119-12135. [PMID: 34747482 PMCID: PMC8643687 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere shortening can cause detrimental diseases and contribute to aging. It occurs due to the end replication problem in cells lacking telomerase. Furthermore, recent studies revealed that telomere shortening can be attributed to difficulties of the semi-conservative DNA replication machinery to replicate the bulk of telomeric DNA repeats. To investigate telomere replication in a comprehensive manner, we develop QTIP-iPOND - Quantitative Telomeric chromatin Isolation Protocol followed by isolation of Proteins On Nascent DNA - which enables purification of proteins that associate with telomeres specifically during replication. In addition to the core replisome, we identify a large number of proteins that specifically associate with telomere replication forks. Depletion of several of these proteins induces telomere fragility validating their importance for telomere replication. We also find that at telomere replication forks the single strand telomere binding protein POT1 is depleted, whereas histone H1 is enriched. Our work reveals the dynamic changes of the telomeric proteome during replication, providing a valuable resource of telomere replication proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the replisome at a specific region of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yi Gabriela Lin
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Christina Näger
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Lunardi
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Vančevska
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gérald Lossaint
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Lingner
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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Gueiderikh A, Maczkowiak-Chartois F, Rosselli F. A new frontier in Fanconi anemia: From DNA repair to ribosome biogenesis. Blood Rev 2021; 52:100904. [PMID: 34750031 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Described by Guido Fanconi almost 100 years ago, Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by developmental abnormalities, bone marrow failure (BMF) and cancer predisposition. The proteins encoded by FA-mutated genes (FANC proteins) and assembled in the so-called FANC/BRCA pathway have key functions in DNA repair and replication safeguarding, which loss leads to chromosome structural aberrancies. Therefore, since the 1980s, FA has been considered a genomic instability and chromosome fragility syndrome. However, recent findings have demonstrated new and unexpected roles of FANC proteins in nucleolar homeostasis and ribosome biogenesis, the alteration of which impacts cellular proteostasis. Here, we review the different cellular, biochemical and molecular anomalies associated with the loss of function of FANC proteins and discuss how these anomalies contribute to BMF by comparing FA to other major inherited BMF syndromes. Our aim is to determine the extent to which alterations in the DNA damage response in FA contribute to BMF compared to the consequences of the loss of function of the FANC/BRCA pathway on the other roles of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gueiderikh
- CNRS - UMR9019, Équipe labellisée "La Ligue contre le Cancer", 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay - Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
| | - Frédérique Maczkowiak-Chartois
- CNRS - UMR9019, Équipe labellisée "La Ligue contre le Cancer", 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay - Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- CNRS - UMR9019, Équipe labellisée "La Ligue contre le Cancer", 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay - Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
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29
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Glousker G, Lingner J. Challenging endings: How telomeres prevent fragility. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100157. [PMID: 34436787 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It has become apparent that difficulties to replicate telomeres concern not only the very ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. The challenges already start when the replication fork enters the telomeric repeats. The obstacles encountered consist mainly of noncanonical nucleic acid structures that interfere with replication if not resolved. Replication stress at telomeres promotes the formation of so-called fragile telomeres displaying an abnormal appearance in metaphase chromosomes though their exact molecular nature remains to be elucidated. A substantial number of factors is required to counteract fragility. In this review we promote the hypothesis that telomere fragility is not caused directly by an initial insult during replication but it results as a secondary consequence of DNA repair of damaged replication forks by the homologous DNA recombination machinery. Incomplete DNA synthesis at repair sites or partial chromatin condensation may become apparent as telomere fragility. Fragility and DNA repair during telomere replication emerges as a common phenomenon which exacerbates in multiple disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Glousker
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Lingner
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Vieri M, Brümmendorf TH, Beier F. Treatment of telomeropathies. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2021; 34:101282. [PMID: 34404536 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2021.101282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Telomeropathies or telomere biology disorders (TBDs) are a group of rare diseases characterised by altered telomere maintenance. Most patients with TBDs show pathogenic variants of genes that encode factors involved in the prevention of telomere shortening. Particularly in adults, TBDs mostly present themselves with heterogeneous clinical features that often include bone marrow failure, hepatopathies, interstitial lung disease and other organ sites. Different degrees of severity are also observed among patients with TBDs, ranging from very severe syndromes manifesting themselves in early childhood, such as Revesz syndrome, Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, and Coats plus disease, to dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) and adult-onset "cryptic" forms of TBD, which often affect fewer organ systems. Overall, the most relevant clinical complications of TBD are bone marrow failure, lung fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis. In this review, we summarise recent advances in the management and treatment of TBD and provide a brief overview of the various treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Vieri
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany.
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany.
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Germany.
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31
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Luchkin AV, Mikhailova EA, Fidarova ZT, Troitskaya VV, Galtseva IV, Kovrigina AM, Glinkina SA, Dvirnyk VN, Raykina EV, Pavlova AV, Demina IA, Parovichnikova EN. A case report of familial dyskeratosis congenital. Case report. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:818-825. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.07.200955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a hereditary syndrome of bone marrow failure, which develops because of telomeres defects and combines with cancer predisposition. Its classical clinical features are skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, oral leukoplakia (skin-mucosa triad). The goal is to describe the algorithm of diagnosis, clinical specificities of DC and specific treatment for cases of DC in one family. The present report includes descriptions of diagnosis and treatment of family members diagnosed for the first time as having a DC. The report shows an importance of all diagnostic stages: from a medical history and clinical picture to an application of modern high-tech diagnostic methods (flow-FISH, NGS). The report underlines an importance of diagnosis of all family members for excluding an asymptomatic form after a case of DC has been already detected in that family. A high frequency of a toxicity and secondary neoplasia makes it necessary to realize an individual approach at treatment of each patient with DC (the earliest start of androgen treatment, prompt decision of implementation of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation). The knowledge of pathogenesis, clinical features and principles of diagnosis and therapy of this disease is relevant to pediatricians and hematologists.
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32
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Benyelles M, O'Donohue MF, Kermasson L, Lainey E, Borie R, Lagresle-Peyrou C, Nunes H, Cazelles C, Fourrage C, Ollivier E, Marcais A, Gamez AS, Morice-Picard F, Caillaud D, Pottier N, Ménard C, Ba I, Fernandes A, Crestani B, de Villartay JP, Gleizes PE, Callebaut I, Kannengiesser C, Revy P. NHP2 deficiency impairs rRNA biogenesis and causes pulmonary fibrosis and Høyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:907-922. [PMID: 31985013 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the end of chromosomes. The telomerase complex, constituted of the catalytic subunit TERT, the RNA matrix hTR and several cofactors, including the H/ACA box ribonucleoproteins Dyskerin, NOP10, GAR1, NAF1 and NHP2, regulates telomere length. In humans, inherited defects in telomere length maintenance are responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical premature aging manifestations including pulmonary fibrosis (PF), dyskeratosis congenita (DC), bone marrow failure and predisposition to cancer. NHP2 mutations have been so far reported only in two patients with DC. Here, we report the first case of Høyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, the severe form of DC, caused by biallelic missense mutations in NHP2. Additionally, we identified three unrelated patients with PF carrying NHP2 heterozygous mutations. Strikingly, one of these patients acquired a somatic mutation in the promoter of TERT that likely conferred a selective advantage in a subset of blood cells. Finally, we demonstrate that a functional deficit of human NHP2 affects ribosomal RNA biogenesis. Together, our results broaden the functional consequences and clinical spectrum of NHP2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maname Benyelles
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Françoise O'Donohue
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laëtitia Kermasson
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Lainey
- Hematology Laboratory, Robert DEBRE Hospital-APHP and INSERM UMR 1131-Hematology University Institute-Denis Diderot School of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Borie
- APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité 1152, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hilario Nunes
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires rares, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, INSERM 1272, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Clarisse Cazelles
- Service d'hématologie adulte, Hôpital Necker- Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Fourrage
- INSERM UMR 1163, Genomics platform, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Genomic Core Facility, Imagine Institute-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Ollivier
- INSERM UMR 1163, Genomics platform, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Genomic Core Facility, Imagine Institute-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Ambroise Marcais
- Service d'hématologie Adultes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance publique hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France, Laboratoire d'onco-hématologie, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Fanny Morice-Picard
- Service de Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Reference des Maladies Rares de la Peau, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Denis Caillaud
- Service de Pneumologie-Allergologie, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Pottier
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483-IMPECS, Lille, France
| | - Christelle Ménard
- APHP Service de Génétique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ibrahima Ba
- APHP Service de Génétique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alicia Fernandes
- Biological Resources Center, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24, CNRS UMS3633, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris and Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Kannengiesser
- APHP Service de Génétique, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Revy
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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33
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Gorenjak V, Petrelis AM, Stathopoulou MG, Visvikis-Siest S. Telomere length determinants in childhood. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:162-177. [PMID: 31465289 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) is a dynamic marker that reflects genetic predispositions together with the environmental conditions of an individual. It is closely related to longevity and a number of pathological conditions. Even though the extent of telomere research in children is limited compared to that of adults, there have been a substantial number of studies providing first insights into child telomere biology and determinants. Recent discoveries revealed evidence that TL is, to a great extent, determined already in childhood and that environmental conditions in adulthood have less impact than first believed. Studies have demonstrated that large inter-individual differences in TL are present among newborns and are determined by diverse factors that influence intrauterine development. The first years of child growth are associated with high cellular turnover, which results in fast shortening of telomeres. The rate of telomere loss becomes stable in early adulthood. In this review article we summarise the existing knowledge on telomere dynamics during the first years of childhood, highlighting the conditions that affect newborn TL. We also warn about the knowledge gaps that should be filled to fully understand the regulation of telomeres, in order to implement them as biomarkers for use in diagnostics or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sophie Visvikis-Siest
- University of Lorraine, Inserm, IGE-PCV, Nancy, France.,Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, CHU Technopôle Nancy-Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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34
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Rayinda T, van Steensel M, Danarti R. Inherited skin disorders presenting with poikiloderma. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:1343-1353. [PMID: 33739439 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poikiloderma is a skin condition that combines atrophy, telangiectasia, and macular pigment changes (hypo- as well as hyperpigmentation). It is often mistaken for mottled pigmentation by general practitioners or nondermatology specialists. Poikiloderma can be a key presenting symptom of Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), dyskeratosis congenita (DC), hereditary sclerosing poikiloderma (HSP), hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma with tendon contractures, myopathy, and pulmonary fibrosis (POIKTMP), xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Bloom syndrome (BS), Kindler syndrome (KS), and Clericuzio-type poikiloderma with neutropenia (PN). In these conditions, poikiloderma starts early in life, usually before the second or third year. They may also be associated with photosensitivity and other significant multi-organ manifestation developed later in life. Poikiloderma could indicate the presence of a genetic disorder with potentially serious consequences. Poikiloderma almost always precedes more severe manifestations of these genodermatoses. Prompt diagnosis at the time of presentation could help to prevent complications and mitigate the course of the disease. This review discusses these to help the practicing clinician manage patients presenting with the symptom. To further facilitate early recognition, this paper also proposes a simple diagnostic algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuntas Rayinda
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maurice van Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,National Skin Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Retno Danarti
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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35
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Henslee G, Williams CL, Liu P, Bertuch AA. Identification and characterization of novel ACD variants: modulation of TPP1 protein level offsets the impact of germline loss-of-function variants on telomere length. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2021; 7:a005454. [PMID: 33446513 PMCID: PMC7903889 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a005454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere biology disorders, largely characterized by telomere lengths below the first centile for age, are caused by variants in genes associated with telomere replication, structure, or function. One of these genes, ACD, which encodes the shelterin protein TPP1, is associated with both autosomal dominantly and autosomal recessively inherited telomere biology disorders. TPP1 recruits telomerase to telomeres and stimulates telomerase processivity. Several studies probing the effect of various synthetic or patient-derived variants have mapped specific residues and regions of TPP1 that are important for interaction with TERT, the catalytic component of telomerase. However, these studies have come to differing conclusions regarding ACD haploinsufficiency. Here, we report a proband with compound heterozygous novel variants in ACD (NM_001082486.1)-c.505_507delGAG, p.(Glu169del); and c.619delG, p.(Asp207Thrfs*22)-and a second proband with a heterozygous chromosomal deletion encompassing ACD: arr[hg19] 16q22.1(67,628,846-67,813,408)x1. Clinical data, including symptoms and telomere length within the pedigrees, suggested that loss of one ACD allele was insufficient to induce telomere shortening or confer clinical features. Further analyses of lymphoblastoid cell lines showed decreased nascent ACD RNA and steady-state mRNA, but normal TPP1 protein levels, in cells containing heterozygous ACD c.619delG, p.(Asp207Thrfs*22), or the ACD-encompassing chromosomal deletion compared to controls. Based on our results, we conclude that cells are able to compensate for loss of one ACD allele by activating a mechanism to maintain TPP1 protein levels, thus maintaining normal telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Henslee
- Baylor College of Medicine, Integrated Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Christopher L Williams
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas 77021, USA
| | - Alison A Bertuch
- Baylor College of Medicine, Integrated Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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36
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Chansel-Da Cruz M, Hohl M, Ceppi I, Kermasson L, Maggiorella L, Modesti M, de Villartay JP, Ileri T, Cejka P, Petrini JHJ, Revy P. A Disease-Causing Single Amino Acid Deletion in the Coiled-Coil Domain of RAD50 Impairs MRE11 Complex Functions in Yeast and Humans. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108559. [PMID: 33378670 PMCID: PMC7788285 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex plays a central role in response to DNA double-strand breaks. Here, we identify a patient with bone marrow failure and developmental defects caused by biallelic RAD50 mutations. One of the mutations creates a null allele, whereas the other (RAD50E1035Δ) leads to the loss of a single residue in the heptad repeats within the RAD50 coiled-coil domain. This mutation represents a human RAD50 separation-of-function mutation that impairs DNA repair, DNA replication, and DNA end resection without affecting ATM-dependent DNA damage response. Purified recombinant proteins indicate that RAD50E1035Δ impairs MRE11 nuclease activity. The corresponding mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes severe thermosensitive defects in both DNA repair and Tel1ATM-dependent signaling. These findings demonstrate that a minor heptad break in the RAD50 coiled coil suffices to impede MRE11 complex functions in human and yeast. Furthermore, these results emphasize the importance of the RAD50 coiled coil to regulate MRE11-dependent DNA end resection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Chansel-Da Cruz
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France; University of Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Genomic Vision, R&D Innovation Department, Bagneux, France
| | - Marcel Hohl
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ilaria Ceppi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laëtitia Kermasson
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France; University of Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Mauro Modesti
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France; University of Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Talia Ileri
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petr Cejka
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - John H J Petrini
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Patrick Revy
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France; University of Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
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37
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Cicconi A, Rai R, Xiong X, Broton C, Al-Hiyasat A, Hu C, Dong S, Sun W, Garbarino J, Bindra RS, Schildkraut C, Chen Y, Chang S. Microcephalin 1/BRIT1-TRF2 interaction promotes telomere replication and repair, linking telomere dysfunction to primary microcephaly. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5861. [PMID: 33203878 PMCID: PMC7672075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres protect chromosome ends from inappropriately activating the DNA damage and repair responses. Primary microcephaly is a key clinical feature of several human telomere disorder syndromes, but how microcephaly is linked to dysfunctional telomeres is not known. Here, we show that the microcephalin 1/BRCT-repeats inhibitor of hTERT (MCPH1/BRIT1) protein, mutated in primary microcephaly, specifically interacts with the TRFH domain of the telomere binding protein TRF2. The crystal structure of the MCPH1-TRF2 complex reveals that this interaction is mediated by the MCPH1 330YRLSP334 motif. TRF2-dependent recruitment of MCPH1 promotes localization of DNA damage factors and homology directed repair of dysfunctional telomeres lacking POT1-TPP1. Additionally, MCPH1 is involved in the replication stress response, promoting telomere replication fork progression and restart of stalled telomere replication forks. Our work uncovers a previously unrecognized role for MCPH1 in promoting telomere replication, providing evidence that telomere replication defects may contribute to the onset of microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cicconi
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Rekha Rai
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Xuexue Xiong
- grid.507739.fState Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Cayla Broton
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XTri- Institutional MD/PhD Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Amer Al-Hiyasat
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Chunyi Hu
- grid.507739.fState Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Siying Dong
- grid.507739.fState Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Wenqi Sun
- grid.507739.fState Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jennifer Garbarino
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Ranjit S. Bindra
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Experimental Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Carl Schildkraut
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Yong Chen
- grid.507739.fState Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Sandy Chang
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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38
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Giacaman A, Salinas Sanz JA, Navarro Noguera S, Roldan Busto J, Martín-Santiago A. Leukoplakia, skin pigmentation and microcephaly in a 4-year-old boy. Pediatr Dermatol 2020; 37:e79-e80. [PMID: 33283937 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aniza Giacaman
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Antonio Salinas Sanz
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Samuel Navarro Noguera
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jordi Roldan Busto
- Radiology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-Santiago
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Karremann M, Neumaier-Probst E, Schlichtenbrede F, Beier F, Brümmendorf TH, Cremer FW, Bader P, Dürken M. Revesz syndrome revisited. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:299. [PMID: 33097095 PMCID: PMC7583287 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Revesz syndrome (RS) is an extremely rare variant of dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) with only anecdotal reports in the literature. Methods To further characterize the typical features and natural course of the disease, we screened the English literature and summarized the clinical and epidemiological features of previously published RS cases. In addition, we herein describe the first recorded patient in central Europe. Results The literature review included 18 children. Clinical features are summarized, indicating a low prevalence of the classical DKC triad. All patients experienced early bone marrow failure, in most cases within the second year of life (median age 1.5 years; 95% CI 1.4–1.6). Retinopathy occurred typically between 6 and 18 months of age (median age 1.1 years; 95% CI 0.7–1.5). The incidence of seizures was low and was present in an estimated 20% of patients. The onset of seizures was exclusively during early childhood. The Kaplan–Meier estimate of survival was dismal (median survival 6.5 years; 95% CI 3.6–9.4), and none of the patients survived beyond the age of 12 years. Stem cell transplantation (SCT) was performed in eight children, and after a median of 22 months from SCT four of these patients were alive at the last follow up visit. Conclusion RS is a severe variant of DKC with early bone marrow failure and retinopathy in all patients. Survival is dismal, but stem cell transplantation may be performed successfully and might improve prognosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karremann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Eva Neumaier-Probst
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Peter Bader
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürken
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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Retinal manifestations of the neurocutaneous disorders. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2020; 31:549-562. [PMID: 33009088 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The neurocutaneous disorders are a genetically and phenotypically diverse group of congenital syndromes characterized by cutaneous, ocular, and central nervous system manifestations. This review provides an overview of the clinical features and retinal findings in selected neurocutaneous disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in genetics and diagnostic retinal and neuroimaging allow for the recognition of retinal features of common neurocutaneous syndromes and for improved characterization of rarer entities based on previously underdiagnosed or unrecognized retinal findings. SUMMARY Better characterization of the neurocutaneous disorders allows for earlier recognition and the potential for expeditious vision-saving and life-saving treatment.
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Sánchez-Morán I, Rodríguez C, Lapresa R, Agulla J, Sobrino T, Castillo J, Bolaños JP, Almeida A. Nuclear WRAP53 promotes neuronal survival and functional recovery after stroke. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/41/eabc5702. [PMID: 33028529 PMCID: PMC7541066 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Failure of neurons to efficiently repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) contributes to cerebral damage after stroke. However, the molecular machinery that regulates DNA repair in this neurological disorder is unknown. Here, we found that DSBs in oxygen/glucose-deprived (OGD) neurons spatiotemporally correlated with the up-regulation of WRAP53 (WD40-encoding p53-antisense RNA), which translocated to the nucleus to activate the DSB repair response. Mechanistically, OGD triggered a burst in reactive oxygen species that induced both DSBs and translocation of WRAP53 to the nucleus to promote DNA repair, a pathway that was confirmed in an in vivo mouse model of stroke. Noticeably, nuclear translocation of WRAP53 occurred faster in OGD neurons expressing the Wrap53 human nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2287499 (c.202C>G). Patients carrying this SNP showed less infarct volume and better functional outcome after stroke. These results indicate that WRAP53 fosters DNA repair and neuronal survival to promote functional recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez-Morán
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rebeca Lapresa
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Agulla
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan P Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Nagpal N, Agarwal S. Telomerase RNA processing: Implications for human health and disease. Stem Cells 2020; 38:10.1002/stem.3270. [PMID: 32875693 PMCID: PMC7917152 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are composed of repetitive DNA sequences that are replenished by the enzyme telomerase to maintain the self-renewal capacity of stem cells. The RNA component of human telomerase (TERC) is the essential template for repeat addition by the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and also serves as a scaffold for several factors comprising the telomerase ribonucleoprotein (RNP). Unique features of TERC regulation and function have been informed not only through biochemical studies but also through human genetics. Disease-causing mutations impact TERC biogenesis at several levels including RNA transcription, post-transcriptional processing, folding, RNP assembly, and trafficking. Defects in TERC reduce telomerase activity and impair telomere maintenance, thereby causing a spectrum of degenerative diseases called telomere biology disorders (TBDs). Deciphering mechanisms of TERC dysregulation have led to a broader understanding of noncoding RNA biology, and more recently points to new therapeutic strategies for TBDs. In this review, we summarize over two decades of work revealing mechanisms of human telomerase RNA biogenesis, and how its disruption causes human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Nagpal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suneet Agarwal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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Zeng T, Lv G, Chen X, Yang L, Zhou L, Dou Y, Tang X, Yang J, An Y, Zhao X. CD8 + T-cell senescence and skewed lymphocyte subsets in young Dyskeratosis Congenita patients with PARN and DKC1 mutations. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23375. [PMID: 32452087 PMCID: PMC7521304 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a syndrome resulting from defective telomere maintenance. Immunodeficiency associated with DC can cause significant morbidity and lead to premature mortality, but the immunological characteristics and molecular hallmark of DC patients, especially young patients, have not been described in detail. METHODS We summarize the clinical data of two juvenile patients with DC. Gene mutations were identified by whole-exome and direct sequencing. Swiss-PdbViewer was used to predict the pathogenicity of identified mutations. The relative telomere length was determined by QPCR, and a comprehensive analysis of lymphocyte subsets and CD57 expression was performed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Both patients showed typical features of DC without severe infection. In addition, patient 1 (P1) was diagnosed with Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome due to cerebellar hypoplasia. Gene sequencing showed P1 had a compound heterozygous mutation (c.204G > T and c.178-245del) in PARN and P2 had a novel hemizygous mutation in DKC1 (c.1051A > G). Lymphocyte subset analysis showed B and NK cytopenia, an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio, and decreased naïve CD4 and CD8 cells. A significant increase in CD21low B cells and skewed numbers of helper T cells (Th), regulatory T cells (Treg), follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr), and follicular helper T cells (Tfh) were also detected. Short telomere lengths, increased CD57 expression, and an expansion of CD8 effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) were also found in both patients. CONCLUSION Unique immunologic abnormalities, CD8 T-cell senescence, and shortened telomere together as a hallmark occur in young DC patients before progression to severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zeng
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ge Lv
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lu Yang
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lina Zhou
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ying Dou
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Hematology and OncologyChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jun Yang
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Yunfei An
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Pediatric Research InstituteMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing)China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and ImmunityChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Ziv A, Werner L, Konnikova L, Awad A, Jeske T, Hastreiter M, Mitsialis V, Stauber T, Wall S, Kotlarz D, Klein C, Snapper SB, Tzfati Y, Weiss B, Somech R, Shouval DS. An RTEL1 Mutation Links to Infantile-Onset Ulcerative Colitis and Severe Immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:1010-1019. [PMID: 32710398 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE More than 50 different monogenic disorders causing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been identified. Our goal was to characterize the clinical phenotype, genetic workup, and immunologic alterations in an Ashkenazi Jewish patient that presented during infancy with ulcerative colitis and unique clinical manifestations. METHODS Immune workup and whole-exome sequencing were performed, along with Sanger sequencing for confirmation. Next-generation sequencing of the TCRB and IgH was conducted for immune repertoire analysis. Telomere length was evaluated by in-gel hybridization assay. Mass cytometry was performed on patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and compared with control subjects and patients with UC. RESULTS The patient presented in infancy with failure to thrive and dysmorphic features, consistent with a diagnosis of dyskeratosis congenita and Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome. Severe ulcerative colitis manifested in the first year of life and proceeded to the development of a primary immunodeficiency, presenting as Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and hypogammaglobulinemia. Genetic studies identified a deleterious homozygous C.3791G>A missense mutation in the helicase regulator of telomere elongation 1 (RTEL1), leading to short telomeres in the index patient. Immune repertoire studies showed polyclonal T and B cell receptor distribution, while mass cytometry analysis demonstrated marked immunological alterations, including a predominance of naïve T cells, paucity of B cells, and a decrease in various innate immune subsets. CONCLUSIONS RTEL1 mutations are associated with significant alterations in immune landscape and can manifest with infantile-onset IBD. A high index of suspicion is required in Ashkenazi Jewish families where the carriage rate of the C.3791G>A variant is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Ziv
- Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lael Werner
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aya Awad
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tim Jeske
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hastreiter
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Mitsialis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tali Stauber
- Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sarah Wall
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yehuda Tzfati
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Batia Weiss
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dror S Shouval
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Awad A, Glousker G, Lamm N, Tawil S, Hourvitz N, Smoom R, Revy P, Tzfati Y. Full length RTEL1 is required for the elongation of the single-stranded telomeric overhang by telomerase. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:7239-7251. [PMID: 32542379 PMCID: PMC7367169 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and distinguish them from broken DNA ends to suppress DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest and genomic instability. Telomeres are elongated by telomerase to compensate for incomplete replication and nuclease degradation and to extend the proliferation potential of germ and stem cells and most cancers. However, telomeres in somatic cells gradually shorten with age, ultimately leading to cellular senescence. Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS) is characterized by accelerated telomere shortening and diverse symptoms including bone marrow failure, immunodeficiency, and neurodevelopmental defects. HHS is caused by germline mutations in telomerase subunits, factors essential for its biogenesis and recruitment to telomeres, and in the helicase RTEL1. While diverse phenotypes were associated with RTEL1 deficiency, the telomeric role of RTEL1 affected in HHS is yet unknown. Inducible ectopic expression of wild-type RTEL1 in patient fibroblasts rescued the cells, enabled telomerase-dependent telomere elongation and suppressed the abnormal cellular phenotypes, while silencing its expression resulted in gradual telomere shortening. Our observations reveal an essential role of the RTEL1 C-terminus in facilitating telomerase action at the telomeric 3' overhang. Thus, the common etiology for HHS is the compromised telomerase action, resulting in telomere shortening and reduced lifespan of telomerase positive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Awad
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Galina Glousker
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Noa Lamm
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shadi Tawil
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Noa Hourvitz
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Riham Smoom
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Patrick Revy
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Yehuda Tzfati
- Department of Genetics, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Bajaj S, Kumar MS, Peters GJ, Mayur YC. Targeting telomerase for its advent in cancer therapeutics. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1871-1919. [PMID: 32391613 DOI: 10.1002/med.21674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase has emerged as an important primary target in anticancer therapy. It is a distinctive reverse transcriptase enzyme, which extends the length of telomere at the 3' chromosomal end, and uses telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA template-containing domains. Telomerase has a vital role and is a contributing factor in human health, mainly affecting cell aging and cell proliferation. Due to its unique feature, it ensures unrestricted cell proliferation in malignancy and plays a major role in cancer disease. The development of telomerase inhibitors with increased specificity and better pharmacokinetics is being considered to design and develop newer potent anticancer agents. Use of natural and synthetic compounds for the inhibition of telomerase activity can lead to an opening of new vistas in cancer treatment. This review details about the telomerase biochemistry, use of natural and synthetic compounds; vaccines and oncolytic virus in therapy that suppress the telomerase activity. We have discussed structure-activity relationships of various natural and synthetic telomerase inhibitors to help medicinal chemists and chemical biology researchers with a ready reference and updated status of their clinical trials. Suppression of human TERT (hTERT) activity through inhibition of hTERT promoter is an important approach for telomerase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y C Mayur
- SPPSPTM, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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Biallelic mutations in WRAP53 result in dysfunctional telomeres, Cajal bodies and DNA repair, thereby causing Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:238. [PMID: 32303682 PMCID: PMC7165179 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Approximately half of all cases of Hoyeraal–Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS), a multisystem disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, developmental defects and very short telomeres, are caused by germline mutations in genes related to telomere biology. However, the varying symptoms and severity of the disease indicate that additional mechanisms are involved. Here, a 3-year-old boy with HHS was found to carry biallelic germline mutations in WRAP53 (WD40 encoding RNA antisense to p53), that altered two highly conserved amino acids (L283F and R398W) in the WD40 scaffold domain of the protein encoded. WRAP53β (also known as TCAB1 or WDR79) is involved in intracellular trafficking of telomerase, Cajal body functions and DNA repair. We found that both mutations cause destabilization, mislocalization and faulty interactions of WRAP53β, defects linked to misfolding by the TRiC chaperonin complex. Consequently, WRAP53β HHS mutants cannot elongate telomeres, maintain Cajal bodies or repair DNA double-strand breaks. These findings provide a molecular explanation for the pathogenesis underlying WRAP53β-associated HHS and highlight the potential contribution of DNA damage and/or defects in Cajal bodies to the early onset and/or severity of this disease.
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Structural Features of Nucleoprotein CST/Shelterin Complex Involved in the Telomere Maintenance and Its Association with Disease Mutations. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020359. [PMID: 32033110 PMCID: PMC7072152 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere comprises the ends of eukaryotic linear chromosomes and is composed of G-rich (TTAGGG) tandem repeats which play an important role in maintaining genome stability, premature aging and onsets of many diseases. Majority of the telomere are replicated by conventional DNA replication, and only the last bit of the lagging strand is synthesized by telomerase (a reverse transcriptase). In addition to replication, telomere maintenance is principally carried out by two key complexes known as shelterin (TRF1, TRF2, TIN2, RAP1, POT1, and TPP1) and CST (CDC13/CTC1, STN1, and TEN1). Shelterin protects the telomere from DNA damage response (DDR) and regulates telomere length by telomerase; while, CST govern the extension of telomere by telomerase and C strand fill-in synthesis. We have investigated both structural and biochemical features of shelterin and CST complexes to get a clear understanding of their importance in the telomere maintenance. Further, we have analyzed ~115 clinically important mutations in both of the complexes. Association of such mutations with specific cellular fault unveils the importance of shelterin and CST complexes in the maintenance of genome stability. A possibility of targeting shelterin and CST by small molecule inhibitors is further investigated towards the therapeutic management of associated diseases. Overall, this review provides a possible direction to understand the mechanisms of telomere borne diseases, and their therapeutic intervention.
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Giri N, Ravichandran S, Wang Y, Gadalla SM, Alter BP, Fontana J, Savage SA. Prognostic significance of pulmonary function tests in dyskeratosis congenita, a telomere biology disorder. ERJ Open Res 2019; 5:00209-2019. [PMID: 31754622 PMCID: PMC6856494 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00209-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are known manifestations of dyskeratosis congenita (DC), a telomere biology disorder (TBD) and inherited bone marrow failure syndrome caused by germline mutations in telomere maintenance genes resulting in very short telomeres. Baseline pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and long-term clinical outcomes have not been thoroughly studied in DC/TBDs. In this retrospective study, 43 patients with DC and 67 unaffected relatives underwent baseline PFTs and were followed for a median of 8 years (range 1–14). Logistic regression and competing risk models were used to compare PFT results in relation to clinical and genetic characteristics, and patient outcomes. Restrictive abnormalities on spirometry and moderate-to-severe reduction in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide were significantly more frequent in patients with DC than relatives (42% versus 12%; p=0.008). The cumulative incidence of pulmonary disease by age 20 years was 55% in patients with DC with baseline PFT abnormalities compared with 17% in those with normal PFTs (p=0.02). None of the relatives developed pulmonary disease. X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive inheritance or heterozygous TINF2 variants were associated with early-onset pulmonary disease that mainly developed after haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Overall, seven of 14 patients developed pulmonary disease post-HCT at a median of 4.7 years (range 0.7–12). The cumulative incidence of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with heterozygous non-TINF2 pathogenic variants was 70% by age 60 years. Baseline PFT abnormalities are common in patients with DC and associated with progression to significant pulmonary disease. Prospective studies are warranted to facilitate clinical trial development for patients with DC and related TBDs. About 40% of patients with dyskeratosis congenita, a telomere biology disorder, have abnormal pulmonary function tests and progress to life-threatening pulmonary disease (PD). Prospective therapeutic studies of PD in these disorders are urgently needed.http://bit.ly/2HBSNCO
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Giri
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandhiya Ravichandran
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Youjin Wang
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shahinaz M Gadalla
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blanche P Alter
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Fontana
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,These authors contributed equally
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50
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Gonçalves Ramos LL, Plaza Pinto I, Deb R, Ribeiro CL, Mírian da Cruz E Cunha D, Bernardes Minasi L, Cordeiro Silva AMT, da Cruz AD. Copy Number Gain at Xq28 in a Child with Global Developmental Delay Associated with a Variant Form of Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson Syndrome. Mol Syndromol 2019; 10:214-218. [PMID: 31602194 DOI: 10.1159/000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a child from Central Brazil with global developmental delay (GDD), syndromic features, and absence of abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, and leukoplakia of the oral mucosa, with a rearrangement at Xq28 harboring the DKC1 gene. GTC-banding revealed a male karyotype (46,XY) with no visible numerical or structural alterations. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) showed a 0.36-Mb gain at Xq28 of maternal origin, encompassing 22 genes, including DKC1. Rearrangements and mutations involving this gene have been associated with dyskeratosis congenita, X-linked (OMIM 305000) and Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome. CMA was a powerful and efficient approach to identify a gain at Xq28 harboring the DKC1 gene in our patient with GDD syndromic features and no cutaneous alterations, suggesting that this variant is associated with the Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lélia L Gonçalves Ramos
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, Campus de Goiânia, Goiânia, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Irene Plaza Pinto
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rajib Deb
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, India
| | - Cristiano L Ribeiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Damiana Mírian da Cruz E Cunha
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Lysa Bernardes Minasi
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação (Mestrado) em Genética, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Antonio M T Cordeiro Silva
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista, Campus de Goiânia, Goiânia, Brazil.,Escola de Ciências Médicas, Farmacêuticas e Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Aparecido D da Cruz
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação (Mestrado) em Genética, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Laboratório de Citogenética Humana e Genética Molecular, Secretaria do Estado da Saúde de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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