1
|
Watanabe T, Matsuno Y, Wakabayashi M, Maruyama D, Yamamoto K, Kubota N, Shimada K, Asagoe K, Yamaguchi M, Ando K, Ogura M, Kuroda J, Suehiro Y, Tsukasaki K, Tobinai K, Nagai H. Analyzing the risk factors for disease progression within 2 years and histological transformation in patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone as first-line treatment: A 15-year follow-up of patients with advanced follicular lymphoma in JCOG0203. Hematol Oncol 2024; 42:e3272. [PMID: 38595316 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent lymphoma that becomes aggressive due to histological transformation (HT), leading to reduced survival. Patients with FL have different clinical courses and various treatment options. Some patients exhibit shorter survival and experience disease progression within 24 months of diagnosis/treatment (POD24); the optimal treatment remains an unmet needs. Thus, identifying factors that predict shorter survival is essential to stratify treatment and prolong the survival of patients with FL. To analyze risk factors for POD24 and HT in patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) as first-line treatment, we performed this post-hoc analysis of patients with advanced indolent B-cell lymphoma in a randomized clinical trial wherein six cycles of R-CHOP were administered every 2-3 weeks. The primary analysis showed no differences in outcomes, which enabled the analysis of 248 patients with FL, assigned to two arms. All histopathological specimens from the 300 enrolled patients were reviewed by three expert hematopathologists. Multivariable analysis implicated Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) intermediate (odds ratio [OR] 2.531, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.676-9.466) and high- (OR 2.236, 95% CI 0.160-31.226) risks, B symptoms (OR 2.091, 95% CI 0.747-5.851), and grade 3A (G3A) (OR 1.833, 95% CI 0.634-5.299) as risk factors for POD24. Furthermore, multivariable analysis through a median follow-up of 15.9 years implicated G3A (OR 2.628, 95% CI 0.806-8.575) and high-risk FLIPI (OR 4.401, 95% CI 0.186-104.377) as risk factors for HT. However, an analysis limited to the first 10 years revealed that the prognostic factors elucidated from the longer-term analysis had a greater impact on HT. G3A and high-risk FLIPI may independently predict POD24 and HT, thereby informing treatment stratification of patients with untreated advanced-stage FL in future trials, particularly to address the unmet needs of patients with POD24.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Personalized Control Science of Myeloid and Lymphoid Tumors, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Pathology Center, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Dai Maruyama
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuko Kubota
- Department of Hematology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Shimada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Asagoe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Motoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Hematological Malignancies, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Michinori Ogura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Youko Suehiro
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Tsukasaki
- Department of Hematology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kensei Tobinai
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Nagai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology Research, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Chin CR, Ying HY, Meydan C, Teater MR, Xia M, Farinha P, Takata K, Chu CS, Jiang Y, Eagles J, Passerini V, Tang Z, Rivas MA, Weigert O, Pugh TJ, Chadburn A, Steidl C, Scott DW, Roeder RG, Mason CE, Zappasodi R, Béguelin W, Melnick AM. Loss of CREBBP and KMT2D cooperate to accelerate lymphomagenesis and shape the lymphoma immune microenvironment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2879. [PMID: 38570506 PMCID: PMC10991284 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite regulating overlapping gene enhancers and pathways, CREBBP and KMT2D mutations recurrently co-occur in germinal center (GC) B cell-derived lymphomas, suggesting potential oncogenic cooperation. Herein, we report that combined haploinsufficiency of Crebbp and Kmt2d induces a more severe mouse lymphoma phenotype (vs either allele alone) and unexpectedly confers an immune evasive microenvironment manifesting as CD8+ T-cell exhaustion and reduced infiltration. This is linked to profound repression of immune synapse genes that mediate crosstalk with T-cells, resulting in aberrant GC B cell fate decisions. From the epigenetic perspective, we observe interaction and mutually dependent binding and function of CREBBP and KMT2D on chromatin. Their combined deficiency preferentially impairs activation of immune synapse-responsive super-enhancers, pointing to a particular dependency for both co-activators at these specialized regulatory elements. Together, our data provide an example where chromatin modifier mutations cooperatively shape and induce an immune-evasive microenvironment to facilitate lymphomagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher R Chin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hsia-Yuan Ying
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew R Teater
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Min Xia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pedro Farinha
- BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Department of Pathology and Laboratorial Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katsuyoshi Takata
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chi-Shuen Chu
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiyue Jiang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jenna Eagles
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Verena Passerini
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhanyun Tang
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin A Rivas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Weigert
- Department of Medicine III, Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU) Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Chadburn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David W Scott
- BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert G Roeder
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta Zappasodi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy Béguelin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laurent C, Dietrich S, Tarte K. Cell cross talk within the lymphoma tumor microenvironment: follicular lymphoma as a paradigm. Blood 2024; 143:1080-1090. [PMID: 38096368 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent yet incurable germinal center B-cell lymphoma retaining a characteristic follicular architecture. FL tumor B cells are highly dependent on direct and indirect interactions with a specific and complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, great progress has been made in describing the heterogeneity and dynamics of the FL TME and in depicting how tumor clonal and functional heterogeneity rely on the integration of TME-related signals. Specifically, the FL TME is enriched for exhausted cytotoxic T cells, immunosuppressive regulatory T cells of various origins, and follicular helper T cells overexpressing B-cell and TME reprogramming factors. FL stromal cells have also emerged as crucial determinants of tumor growth and remodeling, with a key role in the deregulation of chemokines and extracellular matrix composition. Finally, tumor-associated macrophages play a dual function, contributing to FL cell phagocytosis and FL cell survival through long-lasting B-cell receptor activation. The resulting tumor-permissive niches show additional layers of site-to-site and kinetic heterogeneity, which raise questions about the niche of FL-committed precursor cells supporting early lymphomagenesis, clonal evolution, relapse, and transformation. In turn, FL B-cell genetic and nongenetic determinants drive the reprogramming of FL immune and stromal TME. Therefore, offering a functional picture of the dynamic cross talk between FL cells and TME holds the promise of identifying the mechanisms of therapy resistance, stratifying patients, and developing new therapeutic approaches capable of eradicating FL disease in its different ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Laurent
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Toulouse, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Tarte
- Unité Mixte de Recherche S1236, INSERM, Université de Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue, Rennes, France
- Department of Biology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gordon MJ, Feng L, Strati P, Lee HJ, Hagemeister FB, Westin JR, Samaniego F, Marques-Piubelli ML, Parra Cuentas ER, Solis-Soto LM, Ma W, Wang J, Claret L, Averill B, Ibanez K, Fayad LE, Flowers CR, Green MR, Davis RE, Neelapu SS, Fowler NH, Nastoupil LJ. Safety and efficacy of ibrutinib in combination with rituximab and lenalidomide in previously untreated follicular and marginal zone lymphoma: An open label, phase 2 study. Cancer 2024; 130:876-885. [PMID: 37985359 PMCID: PMC10922670 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follicular lymphoma (FL) and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) are indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (iNHL). Median survival for iNHL is approximately 20 years. Because standard treatments are not curative, patients often receive multiple lines of therapy with associated toxicity-rationally designed, combination therapies with curative potential are needed. The immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide was evaluated in combination with rituximab for the frontline treatment of FL in the phase 3 RELEVANCE study. Ibrutinib, an oral Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is active in NHL and was evaluated in combination with lenalidomide, rituximab, and ibrutinib (IRR) in a phase 1 study. METHODS The authors conducted an open-label, phase 2 clinical trial of IRR for previously untreated FL and MZL. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) at 24 months. RESULTS This study included 48 participants with previously untreated FL grade 1-3a (N = 38), or MZL (N = 10). Participants received 12, 28-day cycles of lenalidomide (15 mg, days 1-21 cycle 1; 20 mg, cycles 2-12), rituximab (375 mg/m2 weekly in cycle 1; day 1 cycles 2-12), and ibrutinib 560 mg daily. With a median follow-up of 65.3 months, the estimated PFS at 24 months was 78.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.0%-91.4%) and 60-month PFS was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.6%-76.4%). One death occurred unrelated to disease progression. Grade 3-4 adverse events were observed in 64.6%, including 50% with grade 3-4 rash. CONCLUSIONS IRR is highly active as frontline therapy for FL and MZL. Compared to historical results with lenalidomide and rituximab, PFS is similar with higher grade 3-4 toxicity, particularly rash. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02532257).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max J. Gordon
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Paolo Strati
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Hun Ju Lee
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Fredrick B. Hagemeister
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jason R. Westin
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Felipe Samaniego
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mario L. Marques-Piubelli
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Edwin R Parra Cuentas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Luisa M Solis-Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Wencai Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Linda Claret
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Barbara Averill
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Karina Ibanez
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Luis E. Fayad
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Christopher R. Flowers
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Michael R. Green
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - R. Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Sattva S. Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Nathan H. Fowler
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Loretta J. Nastoupil
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Enemark MBH, Wolter K, Campbell AJ, Andersen MD, Sørensen EF, Hybel TE, Madsen C, Lauridsen KL, Plesner TL, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Honoré B, Ludvigsen M. Proteomics identifies apoptotic markers as predictors of histological transformation in patients with follicular lymphoma. Blood Adv 2023; 7:7418-7432. [PMID: 37824846 PMCID: PMC10758743 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent lymphoma with a generally favorable prognosis. However, histological transformation (HT) to a more aggressive disease leads to markedly inferior outcomes. This study aims to identify biological differences predictive of HT at the time of initial FL diagnosis. We show differential protein expression between diagnostic lymphoma samples from patients with subsequent HT (subsequently-transforming FL [st-FL]; n = 20) and patients without HT (nontransforming FL [nt-FL]; n = 34) by label-free quantification nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Protein profiles identified patients with high risk of HT. This was accompanied by disturbances in cellular pathways influencing apoptosis, the cytoskeleton, cell cycle, and immune processes. Comparisons between diagnostic st-FL samples and paired transformed FL (n = 20) samples demonstrated differential protein profiles and disrupted cellular pathways, indicating striking biological differences from the time of diagnosis up to HT. Immunohistochemical analysis of apoptotic proteins, CASP3, MCL1, BAX, BCL-xL, and BCL-rambo, confirmed higher expression levels in st-FL than in nt-FL samples (P < .001, P = .015, P = .003, P = .025, and P = .057, respectively). Moreover, all 5 markers were associated with shorter transformation-free survival (TFS; P < .001, P = .002, P < .001, P = .069, and P = .010, respectively). Notably, combining the expression of these proteins in a risk score revealed increasingly inferior TFS with an increasing number of positive markers. In conclusion, proteomics identified altered protein expression profiles (particularly apoptotic proteins) at the time of FL diagnosis, which predicted later transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beck Hairing Enemark
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katharina Wolter
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Maja Dam Andersen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Trine Engelbrecht Hybel
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Madsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carreras J. The pathobiology of follicular lymphoma. J Clin Exp Hematop 2023; 63:152-163. [PMID: 37518274 PMCID: PMC10628832 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.23014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma is one of the most frequent lymphomas. Histologically, it is characterized by a follicular (nodular) growth pattern of centrocytes and centroblasts; mixed with variable immune microenvironment cells. Clinically, it is characterized by diffuse lymphadenopathy, bone marrow involvement, and splenomegaly. It is biologically and clinically heterogeneous. In most patients it is indolent, but others have a more aggressive evolution with relapses; and transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Tumorigenesis includes an asymptomatic preclinical phase in which premalignant B-lymphocytes with the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation acquire additional genetic alterations in the germinal centers, and clonal evolution occurs, although not all the cells progress to the tumor stage. This manuscript reviews the pathobiology and clinicopathological characteristics of follicular lymphoma. It includes a description of the physiology of the germinal center, the genetic alterations of BCL2 and BCL6, the mutational profile, the immune checkpoint, precision medicine, and highlights in the lymphoma classification. In addition, a comment and review on artificial intelligence and machine (deep) learning are made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brunner A, Willenbacher E, Willenbacher W, Zelger B, Zelger P, Huck CW, Pallua JD. Visible- and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging for the quantitative analysis of PD-L1+ cells in human lymphomas: Comparison with fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121940. [PMID: 36208576 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We analyzed the expression of PD-L1 in human lymphomas using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) compared to visual assessment (VA) and conventional digital image analysis (DIA) to strengthen further the value of HSI as a tool for the evaluation of brightfield-based immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) was used as a second detection method to analyze the impact of a different detection method. MATERIAL AND METHODS 18 cases (6 follicular lymphomas and 12 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas) were stained for PD-L1 by IHC and for PD-L1, CD3, and CD8 by fluorescent mIHC. The percentage of positively stained cells was evaluated with VA, HSI, and DIA for IHC and VA and DIA for mIHC. Results were compared between the different methods of detection and analysis. RESULTS An overall high concordance was found between VA, HSI, and DIA in IHC (Cohens Kappa = 0.810VA/HSI, 0.710 VA/DIA, and 0.516 HSI/DIA) and for VAmIHCversus DIAmIHC (Cohens Kappa = 0.894). Comparing IHC and mIHC general agreement differed depending on the methods compared but reached at most a moderate agreement (Coheńs Kappa between 0.250 and 0.483). This is reflected by the significantly higher percentage of PD-L1+ cells found with mIHC (pFriedman = 0.014). CONCLUSION Our study shows a good concordance for the different analysis methods. Compared to VA and DIA, HSI proved to be a reliable tool for assessing IHC. Understanding the regulation of PD-L1 expression will further enlighten the role of PD-L1 as a biomarker. Therefore it is necessary to develop an instrument, such as HSI, which can offer a reliable and objective evaluation of PD-L1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Brunner
- Innsbruck Medical University, Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E Willenbacher
- Innsbruck Medical University, Internal Medicine. V, Hematology & Oncology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - W Willenbacher
- Innsbruck Medical University, Internal Medicine. V, Hematology & Oncology, Innsbruck, Austria; Syndena GmbH, Connect to Cure, Karl-Kapferer-Straße 5, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Zelger
- Innsbruck Medical University, Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Zelger
- Innsbruck Medical University, University Clinic for Hearing, Voice and Speech Disorders, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C W Huck
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J D Pallua
- Innsbruck Medical University, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiong X, Xie X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang L. Tumor-associated macrophages in lymphoma: From mechanisms to therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
9
|
Genetics of Transformed Follicular Lymphoma. HEMATO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hemato3040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Histological transformation (HT) to a more aggressive disease–mostly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma–is considered one of the most dismal events in the clinical course of follicular lymphoma (FL). Current knowledge has not found a single biological event specific for HT, although different studies have highlighted common genetic alterations, such as TP53 and CDKN2A/B loss, and MYC translocations, among others. Together, they increase genomic complexity and mutational burden at HT. A better knowledge of HT pathogenesis would presumably help to find diagnostic biomarkers allowing the identification of patients at high-risk of transformation, as well as the discrimination from patients with FL recurrence, and those who remain in remission. This would also help to identify new drug targets and the design of clinical trials for the treatment of transformation. In the present review we provide a comprehensive overview of the genetic events frequently identified in transformed FL contributing to the switch towards aggressive behaviour, and we will discuss current open questions in the field of HT.
Collapse
|
10
|
Clinical usefulness of a novel classification of T cell distribution patterns in the tumor microenvironment of follicular lymphoma to detect transformation. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:2477-2483. [PMID: 36069932 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The clinical course of follicular lymphoma (FL) is thought to be influenced by the infiltrating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Focusing on the distribution patterns of T cells may be a promising approach to estimate the prognosis of FL, especially histological transformation. This study was a retrospectively cohort study in the relationship between the pathological distribution pattern of T cells in the tumor microenvironment and clinical course of FL. One hundred twenty-eight patients with FL initially diagnosed at the University of Tokyo Hospital from January 2008 to January 2017 were evaluated. We classified each patient's specimen at initial diagnosis by the distribution pattern of tumor infiltrating CD3-positive cells, intra-follicle focal (IFF), intra-follicle diffuse (IFD), extra-follicle marginal (EFM), and extra-follicle diffuse (EFD). We analyzed the distribution pattern's correlation with other prognostic factors including overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), and transformation. Among 128 cases, 81 had evaluable pathological specimen. Based on our criteria, in the intra-follicle,17 cases (21%) were classified as IFF. Sixty-four cases (79%) were classified as IFD. In the extra follicle, 25 cases (31%) were classified as EFM. Fifty-six cases (69%) were classified as EFD. There was significant difference in risk of transformation between the EFM and EFD around extra-follicle area in the adjusted model (p < 0.05). Also, cases with IFF and EFM had significantly higher risk of transformation compared to cases with other T cell distribution patterns (p < 0.01). We proposed a new classification of CD3-positive T cell distribution patterns around the follicle lesions in FL and demonstrated its clinical significance.
Collapse
|
11
|
SIRPα+ macrophages are increased in patients with FL who progress or relapse after frontline lenalidomide and rituximab. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3286-3293. [PMID: 35359004 PMCID: PMC9198921 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoimmunotherapy is an effective treatment strategy for patients with FL who relapse after frontline R2. SIRPα+ and CSF1R+macrophages are increased in FL patients who relapse after frontline R2.
Limited data exist regarding the outcome of patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) who relapse or progress after frontline lenalidomide and rituximab (R2). Moreover, mechanisms of resistance to R2 in FL remain unclear, with increased protumoral macrophages suspected as a major contributory culprit to this phenomenon. This retrospective study analyzed the outcome of patients with advanced-stage FL grade 1 to 3A who relapsed or progressed after frontline R2. A multiplex immunofluorescence macrophage panel, including CD47, CD14, CD68, CD115 (also known as colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor [CSF1R]), CD163, CD172a (also known as signal regulatory protein α [SIRPα]), and CD274 (also known as programmed cell death-ligand 1 [PDL1]), was used to stain tissue biopsy specimens collected before initiation of R2 and at the time of progression. Among 156 patients with advanced-stage FL treated with frontline R2, 33 (21%) relapsed or progressed and required second-line therapy, after a median of 33 months (range, 1-122 months). Second-line therapy was chemoimmunotherapy in 16 (48%) patients and other therapy in 17 (52%). The overall response rate was 78%, and complete response rate was 72%. Median progression-free survival was significantly longer in patients who received chemoimmunotherapy compared with other therapy (99 vs 25 months; P = .004). Three macrophage populations were significantly increased in tissue samples collected at progression compared with before frontline treatment: CD68+CD115+ (P = .02), CD68+CD115+CD172a+ (P = .02), and CD68+CD163+CD172a+ (P = .01). Chemoimmunotherapy is an effective treatment strategy for patients with FL who relapse after frontline R2. Therapies targeting specific macrophage populations may yield novel approaches for improving outcomes with frontline R2.
Collapse
|
12
|
Enemark MB, Hybel TE, Madsen C, Lauridsen KL, Honoré B, Plesner TL, Hamilton-Dutoit S, d’Amore F, Ludvigsen M. Tumor-Tissue Expression of the Hyaluronic Acid Receptor RHAMM Predicts Histological Transformation in Follicular Lymphoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051316. [PMID: 35267625 PMCID: PMC8909114 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histological transformation (HT) remains the leading cause of mortality in follicular lymphoma (FL), underlining the need to identify reliable transformation predictors. The hyaluronic acid receptors CD44 and the receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility (RHAMM, also known as HMMR and CD168), have been shown to be involved in the pathogeneses of both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. In an attempt to improve risk stratification, expression of RHAMM and CD44 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis in pre-therapeutic tumor-tissue biopsies from FL patients, either without (nt-FL, n = 34), or with (st-FL, n = 31) subsequent transformation, and in paired biopsies from the transformed lymphomas (tFL, n = 31). At the time of initial diagnosis, samples from st-FL patients had a higher expression of RHAMM compared with samples from nt-FL patients (p < 0.001). RHAMM expression further increased in tFL samples following transformation (p < 0.001). Evaluation of CD44 expression showed no differences in expression comparing nt-FL, st-FL, and tFL samples. Shorter transformation-free survival was associated with high tumoral and intrafollicular RHAMM expression, as well as with low intrafollicular CD44 expression (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, and p = 0.034, respectively). Our data suggest that high tumor-tissue RHAMM expression predicts the risk of shorter transformation-free survival in FL patients already at initial diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beck Enemark
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.B.E.); (T.E.H.); (C.M.); (F.d.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Engelbrecht Hybel
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.B.E.); (T.E.H.); (C.M.); (F.d.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Madsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.B.E.); (T.E.H.); (C.M.); (F.d.)
| | | | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | | | - Stephen Hamilton-Dutoit
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (K.L.L.); (S.H.-D.)
| | - Francesco d’Amore
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.B.E.); (T.E.H.); (C.M.); (F.d.)
| | - Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.B.E.); (T.E.H.); (C.M.); (F.d.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-22859523
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Amin R, Braza MS. The follicular lymphoma epigenome regulates its microenvironment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:21. [PMID: 35022084 PMCID: PMC8753841 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of germinal center (GC) origin with a distinctive tumor microenvironment (TME) and a unique spectrum of mutations. Despite the important therapeutic advances, FL is still incurable. During B-cell development, the GC reaction is a complex multistep process in which epigenetic regulators dynamically induce or suppress transcriptional programs. In FL, epigenetic gene mutations perturb the regulation of these programs, changing GC B-cell function and skewing differentiation towards tumor cells and altering the microenvironment interactions. FL pathogenesis and malignant transformation are promoted by epigenetic reprogramming of GC B cells that alters the immunological synapse and niche. Despite the extensive characterization of FL epigenetic signature and TME, the functional consequences of epigenetic dysregulation on TME and niche plasticity need to be better characterized. In this review, first we describe the most frequent epigenomic alterations in FL (KMT2D, CREBBP and EZH2) that affect the immunological niche, and their potential consequences on the informational transfer between tumor B cells and their microenvironment. Then, we discuss the latest progress to harness epigenetic targets for inhibiting the FL microenvironment. Finally, we highlight unexplored research areas and outstanding questions that should be considered for a successful long-term treatment of FL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rada Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Mounia S Braza
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Follicular lymphoma and macrophages: impact of approved and novel therapies. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4303-4312. [PMID: 34570196 PMCID: PMC8945644 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival and proliferation of follicular lymphoma (FL) cells are strongly dependent on macrophages, because their presence is necessary for the propagation of FL cells in vitro. To this regard, as also shown for the majority of solid tumors, a high tissue content of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), particularly if showing a protumoral phenotype (also called M2), is strongly associated with a poor outcome among patients with FL treated with chemotherapy. The introduction of rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody that can be used by TAMs to facilitate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, has challenged this paradigm. In the rituximab era, clinical studies have yielded conflicting results in FL, showing variable outcomes based on the type of regimen used. This highlighted, for the first time, that the impact of TAMs on the prognosis of patients with FL may depend on the administered treatment, emphasizing the need to better understand how currently available therapies affect macrophage function in FL. We summarize the impact of approved and novel therapies for FL, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, lenalidomide, and targeted agents, on the biology of TAMs and describe their effects on macrophage phagocytosis, polarization, and function. Although novel agents targeting the CD47/SIRPα axis are being developed and show promising activity in FL, a deeper understanding of macrophage biology and their complex pathways will help to develop novel and safer therapeutic strategies for patients with this type of lymphoma.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lenalidomide triggers T-cell effector functions in vivo in patients with follicular lymphoma. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2063-2074. [PMID: 33877296 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide is used in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) with the aim of stimulating T-cell antitumor immune response. However, little is known about the effects of lenalidomide on T-cell biology in vivo in patients with FL. We thus undertook an extensive longitudinal immunologic study, including phenotypic, transcriptomic, and functional analyses, on 44 first-line and 27 relapsed/refractory patients enrolled in the GALEN trial (Obinutuzumab Combined With Lenalidomide for Relapsed or Refractory Follicular B-Cell Lymphoma) to test the efficacy of lenalidomide and obinutuzumab combination in patients with FL. Lenalidomide rapidly and transiently induced an activated T-cell phenotype, including HLA-DR, Tim-3, CD137, and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) upregulation. Furthermore, sequential RNA-sequencing of sorted PD-1+ and PD-1- T-cell subsets revealed that lenalidomide triggered a strong enrichment for several gene signatures related to effector memory T-cell features, including proliferation, antigen receptor signaling, and immune synapse restoration; all were validated at the phenotypic level and with ex vivo functional assays. Correlative analyses pinpointed a negative clinical impact of high effector T-cell and regulatory T-cell percentages before and during treatment. Our findings bring new insight in lenalidomide mechanisms of action at work in vivo and will fuel a new rationale for the design of combination therapies.
Collapse
|
16
|
The Tumor Microenvironment in Follicular Lymphoma: Its Pro-Malignancy Role with Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105352. [PMID: 34069564 PMCID: PMC8160856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the follicular lymphoma (FL) microenvironment, CXCR5+ICOS+PD1+BCL6+ follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, which closely correlate with FL B cells in neoplastic follicles, play a major role in supporting FL. Interleukin-4 secreted by Tfh cells triggers the upregulation of the lymphocyte chemoattractant CXCL12 in stromal cell precursors, in particular by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). In turn, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be committed to FRC differentiation in the bone marrow and lymph nodes involved by FL. Noteworthy, MSCs can promote the differentiation of Tfh cells into highly immunosuppressive T-follicular regulatory cells. The tumor suppressor HVEM is highly mutated in FL cells, and its deficiency increases Tfh cell frequency. In contrast, PI3Kδ inhibition impedes the recruitment of Tfh/regulatory T cells and impairs the proliferation of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and FDC-induced angiogenesis. Since TIGIT ligands are expressed by FDCs, the immune checkpoint receptor TIGIT plays an important role in tumor-infiltrating T cells. Thus, TIGIT blockade might invigorate cytotoxic T cells in the FL microenvironment. Given their potential to simultaneously reduce the neoplastic B cells, Tfh, and TFR cells could also reinforce the effects of the cytotoxic T cells. This combinatory strategy should be explored as a treatment option to tackle FL.
Collapse
|
17
|
Tobin JWD, Bednarska K, Campbell A, Keane C. PD-1 and LAG-3 Checkpoint Blockade: Potential Avenues for Therapy in B-Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051152. [PMID: 34068762 PMCID: PMC8151045 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dependence of cancer on an immunotolerant tumor microenvironment (TME) is well established. Immunotherapies that overcome tumor-induced immune suppression have been central to recent advancements in oncology. This is highlighted by the success of agents that interrupt PD-1 mediated immune suppression in a range of cancers. However, while PD-1 blockade has been paradigm-shifting in many malignancies, the majority of cancers show high rates of primary resistance to this approach. This has led to a rapid expansion in therapeutic targeting of other immune checkpoint molecules to provide combination immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), with one such promising approach is blockade of Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG-3). Clinically, lymphoproliferative disorders show a wide spectrum of responses to ICB. Specific subtypes including classical Hodgkin lymphoma have demonstrated striking efficacy with anti-PD-1 therapy. Conversely, early trials of ICB have been relatively disappointing in common subtypes of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In this review, we describe the TME of common lymphoma subtypes with an emphasis on the role of prominent immune checkpoint molecules PD-1 and LAG3. We will also discuss current clinical evidence for ICB in lymphoma and highlight key areas for further investigation where synergistic dual checkpoint blockade of LAG-3 and PD-1 could be used to overcome ICB resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W. D. Tobin
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (J.W.D.T.); (K.B.)
- Department of Haematology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Karolina Bednarska
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (J.W.D.T.); (K.B.)
| | - Ashlea Campbell
- Department of Haematology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Colm Keane
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; (J.W.D.T.); (K.B.)
- Department of Haematology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +617-3443-7912
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Immune infiltrate diversity confers a good prognosis in follicular lymphoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:3573-3585. [PMID: 33929583 PMCID: PMC8571143 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Follicular lymphoma (FL) prognosis is influenced by the composition of the tumour microenvironment. We tested an automated approach to quantitatively assess the phenotypic and spatial immune infiltrate diversity as a prognostic biomarker for FL patients. Methods Diagnostic biopsies were collected from 127 FL patients initially treated with rituximab-based therapy (52%), radiotherapy (28%), or active surveillance (20%). Tissue microarrays were constructed and stained using multiplex immunofluorescence (CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD21, PD-1, CD68, and DAPI). Subsequently, sections underwent automated cell scoring and analysis of spatial interactions, defined as cells co-occurring within 30 μm. Shannon’s entropy, a metric describing species biodiversity in ecological habitats, was applied to quantify immune infiltrate diversity of cell types and spatial interactions. Immune infiltrate diversity indices were tested in multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis for overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results Increased diversity of cell types (HR = 0.19 95% CI 0.06–0.65, p = 0.008) and cell spatial interactions (HR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.20–0.75, p = 0.005) was associated with favourable OS, independent of the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index. In the rituximab-treated subset, the favourable trend between diversity and PFS did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Multiplex immunofluorescence and Shannon’s entropy can objectively quantify immune infiltrate diversity and generate prognostic information in FL. This automated approach warrants validation in additional FL cohorts, and its applicability as a pre-treatment biomarker to identify high-risk patients should be further explored. The multiplex image dataset generated by this study is shared publicly to encourage further research on the FL microenvironment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00262-021-02945-0.
Collapse
|
19
|
Immunity reloaded: Deconstruction of the PD-1 axis in B cell lymphomas. Blood Rev 2021; 50:100832. [PMID: 33896649 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade therapies targeting the PD-1 axis with monoclonal antibodies to reinstate host immune function have revolutionized the clinical management of some cancers but have had minimal impact on others. This dichotomy is exemplified by B cell lymphomas. Whilst striking results are observed in classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) and Primary Mediastinal B Cell Lymphoma (PMBL), responses in other B cell lymphomas are infrequent. Even with cHL and PMBL, responses are not always durable and adverse effects can result in treatment discontinuation. A more nuanced approach to manipulate the PD-1 axis is required before the full benefits of PD-1 axis blockade can be realised. In this review, we provide an outline of PD-1 axis biology, including the range of cellular expression, the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation and the impacts of downstream signalling. These may permit the development of alternate strategies to PD-1 axis blockade to enhance the therapeutic efficacy in B cell lymphomas.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mortensen JB, Monrad I, Enemark MB, Ludvigsen M, Kamper P, Bjerre M, d'Amore F. Soluble programmed cell death protein 1 (sPD-1) and the soluble programmed cell death ligands 1 and 2 (sPD-L1 and sPD-L2) in lymphoid malignancies. Eur J Haematol 2021; 107:81-91. [PMID: 33721375 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand 1 and 2 (PD-L1/PD-L2) regulate the immune system, and the checkpoint pathway can be exploited by malignant cells to evade anti-tumor immune response. Soluble forms (sPD-1/sPD-L1/sPD-L2) exist in the peripheral blood, but their biological and clinical significance is unclear. METHOD Time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TRIFMA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure sPD-1, sPD-L1, and sPD-L2 levels in serum from 131 lymphoma patients and 22 healthy individuals. RESULTS Patients had higher sPD-1 and sPD-L2 levels than healthy individuals. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, patients with high International Prognostic Index score had higher sPD-1 levels and sPD-L2 levels correlated with subtype according to cell of origin. Compared to other lymphoma types, follicular lymphoma displayed higher sPD-1 and lower sPD-L1 levels along with lower ligand/receptor ratios. CONCLUSION This is the first study to simultaneously characterize pretherapeutic sPD-1, sPD-L1, and sPD-L2 in a variety of lymphoma subtypes. The relation between higher sPD-1 levels and adverse prognostic factors suggests a possible biological role and potential clinical usefulness of sPD-1. Moreover, the reverse expression pattern in follicular lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma/leukemia may reflect biological information relevant for immunotherapy targeting the PD-1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie B Mortensen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida Monrad
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie B Enemark
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Kamper
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical/SDCA Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Francesco d'Amore
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Circulating low CD4 +/CD8 + ratio is associated with poor prognosis in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia patients. Ann Hematol 2021; 100:995-1002. [PMID: 33651193 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with great heterogeneity, and the data of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets in WM are limited. This study aimed to investigate the clinical correlation and distribution of circulating T-lymphocyte subsets in newly diagnosed WM patients. We retrospectively searched medical records for 86 newly diagnosed WM patients. Comparisons of the absolute CD3+ T-lymphocyte count (ACD3C), CD4+ T-lymphocyte count (ACD4C), CD8+ T-lymphocyte count (ACD8C), and CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocyte ratio (CD4+/CD8+) as continuous parameters in different groups were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Young patients (<65 years) had lower ACD8C levels and a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio. And the lower level of β2-microglobulin (<3 mg/L) was associated with a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio. With a median follow-up of 25 months, the univariate survival analysis showed that CD4+/CD8+ ratio inversion (CD4+/CD8+<1.5) was associated with shorter OS and PFS, and multivariate analysis confirmed that inverted CD4+/CD8+ ratio could be an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS and PFS. Additionally, initial treatment with rituximab or bortezomib significantly improved the PFS and OS of CD4+/CD8+ inversion patients but did not affect normal CD4+/CD8+ patients. We show that low circulating CD4+/CD8+ ratio at diagnosis is an adverse prognostic factor in WM patients and that first-line therapy which included rituximab or bortezomib significantly improved PFS and OS for patients with CD4+/CD8+ ratio less than 1.5.
Collapse
|
22
|
Beck Enemark M, Monrad I, Madsen C, Lystlund Lauridsen K, Honoré B, Plesner TL, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, d'Amore F, Ludvigsen M. PD-1 Expression in Pre-Treatment Follicular Lymphoma Predicts the Risk of Subsequent High-Grade Transformation. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:481-489. [PMID: 33500624 PMCID: PMC7822223 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s289337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet generally incurable neoplasia with a median survival exceeding 10 years. However, a subset of FL patients experiences histological transformation (HT) to a more aggressive lymphoma, in the majority of cases to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This affects both the clinical course and the prognostic outcome, resulting in a markedly reduced survival after transformation. Thus, early risk stratification and prediction of patients at risk of HT would be highly valuable in the clinical setting. Here, we investigated the potential of the immune inhibitory programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor as a biomarker predictive of HT. Patients and Methods Immunohistochemical staining and quantification by digital image analysis of PD-1 was performed on diagnostic tumor-tissue samples from FL patients with and without subsequent transformation (n=34 and n=46, respectively), and on paired samples from the transformed lymphoma (n=34). Results At the time of initial FL diagnosis, samples from patients with subsequent HT had significantly higher tumor-tissue expression of PD-1 compared with diagnostic FL samples from patients without subsequent HT (p=0.010). At the time of transformation, PD-1 expression was significantly reduced (p<0.001). No difference was observed in intra-follicular PD-1 expression at FL diagnosis between samples from patients with or without HT; however, high intra-follicular levels of PD-1 were associated with significantly shorter transformation-free survival times (p<0.043). Conclusion Our data suggest that pre-treatment tumor-tissue PD-1 expression already predicts the risk of subsequent transformation to DLBCL, as early as the time of FL diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beck Enemark
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida Monrad
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Madsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Francesco d'Amore
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Menter T, Tzankov A, Dirnhofer S. The tumor microenvironment of lymphomas: Insights into the potential role and modes of actions of checkpoint inhibitors. Hematol Oncol 2020; 39:3-10. [PMID: 33105031 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) - a term comprising non-neoplastic cells and extracellular matrix as well as various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other substances in the vicinity of tumor cells - is an integrative part of most tumors including lymphomas. Interactions between lymphoma cells and the TME are vital for survival and proliferation of the former. In addition, lymphoma cells often reprogram the TME to protect them from defense mechanisms of the host's immune system. In this review, we will introduce the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) for lymphoma cells looking at direct cell-cell interactions as well as cytokine-related communications. The immunomodulative/immunosuppressive role of the TME is more and more coming into the focus of potential new targeted therapies, and thus a special attention will be given to the interactions of immune checkpoints such as programed cell death protein 1 and L1 (PD-1/PD-L1), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing protein-3 (TIM-3), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA4) with the TME, as well as their expression by both lymphoma cells and cells of the TME. Aspects of the TME will be discussed for indolent and aggressive B-cell lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphomas, and T-cell lymphomas. In addition, the potential influence of other immunomodulators such as lenalidomide will be briefly touched. The complex role of the TME is in the focus of new therapeutic options. In order to exploit its full therapeutic potential, however, a thorough understanding of TME biology and interaction between lymphoma cells and the TME, as well as the host's immune system and the TME is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Menter
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Peng F, Qin Y, Mu S, Li J, Ai L, Hu Y. Prognostic role of regulatory T cells in lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:3123-3135. [PMID: 32995955 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subpopulation of lymphocytes that suppress the immune responses. The prognostic value of Tregs in lymphoma patients remains controversial. Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to clarify the role of Tregs in the prognosis of lymphoma patients. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to obtain eligible studies that evaluated the prognostic factor of Tregs for lymphoma patients. Hazards ratios (HRs) with the matching 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were merged to estimate the prognostic value of Tregs. RESULTS We finally retrieved 23 eligible studies, including a total of 2269 patients. The overall pooled analysis on all types of lymphomas showed that Tregs had a significantly positive association with prolonged overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.633, 95% CI 0.528-0.758) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 0.451, 95% CI 0.261-0.779). Subgroup analysis indicated that high Tregs were significantly correlated with longer OS in Hodgkin lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and natural killer/T cell lymphoma. However, there was no significant association of Tregs with T cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS Increased Tregs indicates a better prognosis for patients with lymphoma. Tregs could be used as a valuable prognostic biomarker of lymphoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - You Qin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shidai Mu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Lisha Ai
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Histologic transformation of follicular lymphoma remains the leading cause of follicular lymphoma-related mortality in the rituximab era. Both the diverse timing of transformation and heterogeneity in associated genomic events suggest that histologic transformation may itself comprise distinct disease entities. Successive indolent and transformation episodes occur by divergent clonal evolution from an inferred common progenitor cell, representing a potential therapeutic target. Existing biological knowledge largely pre-dates anti-CD20 therapy, and further prospective validation is essential. Inclusion of transformation cases in clinical trials incorporating biomarker discovery, and an integrated understanding of the genetic and microenvironmental factors underpinning transformation, may unearth renewed clinical opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil A Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Jessica Okosun
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jude Fitzgibbon
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. https://twitter.com/fitzgi02
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Poleszczuk J, Kuczkiewicz-Siemion O, Paszkiewicz-Kozik E, Rymkiewicz G, Sokół K, Borysiuk A, Kotarska M, Kawecka M, Owczarek D, Pytlak B, Walewski J, Prochorec-Sobieszek M. PD1 distribution pattern, regardless of the cell origin, is an independent microenvironmental prognostic factor for progression-free survival in follicular lymphoma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153096. [PMID: 32853965 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a well-studied microenvironment-dependent hematological malignancy, but the crosstalk between various involved cell subtypes is still not fully understood. Recent promising results of immunotherapy in recurrent FL warrant the need for an in-depth analysis of the expression and role of immune system-related proteins in the FL microenvironment. Seventy-one patients with FL and available diagnostic paraffin blocks were enrolled in the retrospective analysis. Histopathological diagnoses were revised according to the World Health Organization recommendations. Patients were either observed (watch and wait/W&W group) or immediately treated with chemo(immuno)therapy regimens according to their clinical status. Immunohistochemical assessment of PD1, PDL1, CD4, CD8, CD163, CD68-KP1, CD68-PGM1 was performed. The scoring methods included both semi-quantitative estimation of positive cells and architectural pattern distribution. The differences between PD1 staining distribution and intensity were classified as intra/perifollicular vs. interfollicular/diffuse cells and presented bright vs. dim immunoreactivity, respectively. No statistically significant differences in the density distribution of the immunohistochemical stainings were found between W&W and chemo(immuno)therapy groups. Interfollicular/diffuse pattern of PD1 expression had significantly decreased progression-free survival when analyzing the whole cohort and patients on chemo(immuno)therapy (p = 0.014 and p = 0.07, respectively). The high dependence was not significant in the W&W group. PD1 positivity of cells did not correlate with CD4 or CD8 immunophenotype. Morphologically FL neoplastic cells were entirely PDL1 negative, but granular and membranous staining was detected in the FL microenvironment. In line with previous studies, PD1/PDL1 expression was predominantly localized in the FL microenvironment, indicating that FL cells might not be the direct target for anti-PDL1 therapy. However, we show that the localization of PD1 expression could be a viable progression-free survival biomarker for FL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jan Poleszczuk
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; Department of Computational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Kuczkiewicz-Siemion
- Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Paszkiewicz-Kozik
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Rymkiewicz
- Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Sokół
- Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Borysiuk
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Kotarska
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Kawecka
- Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daria Owczarek
- Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pytlak
- Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Walewski
- Department of Lymphoid Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Prochorec-Sobieszek
- Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wudhikarn K, Bunworasate U, Julamanee J, Lekhakula A, Ekwattanakit S, Khuhapinant A, Niparuck P, Chuncharunee S, Numbenjapon T, Prayongratana K, Kanitsap N, Wongkhantee S, Makruasi N, Wong P, Norasetthada L, Nawarawong W, Sirijerachai C, Chansung K, Suwanban T, Praditsuktavorn P, Intragumtornchai T. Event-free survival at 12 months is a strong surrogate endpoint for stage 1 diffuse large B cell lymphoma: a report from Nation Wide Registry Thai Lymphoma Study Group. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:2614-2621. [PMID: 32573294 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1780586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Event-free survival at 12 months (EFS12) is a surrogate endpoint for long-term outcomes in many histologic lymphoma subtypes. However, most reports have primarily investigated the implication of EFS12 in advanced-stage non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). There are limited data regarding the significance of EFS12 in early-stage NHL. Herein, we evaluated the prognostic significance of EFS12 in patients with stage 1 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Out of 282 patients with stage 1 DLBCL who received intensive therapy, 227 (80.5%) achieved EFS12. The 4-year overall survival (OS) was 91.4% and 4.0% for patients who achieved and failed to achieve EFS12, respectively. Multivariable analyses demonstrated response to treatment and achievement of EFS12 as independent predictors for OS. In conclusion, our study demonstrated EFS12 as a powerful prognostic factor for stage 1 DLBCL. Further validation in more extensive prospective studies is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kitsada Wudhikarn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Unit in Translational Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Udomsak Bunworasate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Unit in Translational Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jakrawadee Julamanee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Arnuparp Lekhakula
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supachai Ekwattanakit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Archrob Khuhapinant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimjai Niparuck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suporn Chuncharunee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tontanai Numbenjapon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kannadit Prayongratana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nonglak Kanitsap
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Wongkhantee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Khonkaen Regional Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisa Makruasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak, Thailand
| | - Peerapon Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Lalita Norasetthada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Weerasak Nawarawong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chittima Sirijerachai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Chansung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Pannee Praditsuktavorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanin Intragumtornchai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xie M, Jiang Q, Zhao S, Zhao J, Ye X, Qian W. Prognostic value of tissue-infiltrating immune cells in tumor microenvironment of follicular lymphoma: A meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106684. [PMID: 32540726 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The follicular lymphoma (FL) microenvironment is composed of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), tumor-infiltrating CD4/CD8+ T cells (TILs), follicular regulatory T (Treg) cells, lymphoma-associated macrophages (LAMs), and immune checkpoint-related immune cells, all of which are relevant in the prognosis of FL, but their results remain controversial. Therefore, we performed this systematic review to explore the relationship between the FL microenvironment and prognosis. METHODS Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Twenty-three trials involving 3336 patients with FL were included for analysis. RESULTS This meta-analysis confirmed the unfavorable prognostic role of high CD21+/CD23+ FDC density in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). CD8+ or granzyme B+ TILs instead of CD4+ TILs are indicators for good OS. FoxP3+ Treg cells was not associated with prognosis, and even in subgroup analysis neither the number of cells nor the infiltration pattern had predictive value. A high degree of CD68+ macrophage infiltration was a negative prognostic factor for OS, but was associated with good prognosis in the rituximab-era subgroup. Although there was no correlation between PD1-positive immune cells and prognosis, subtypes with the follicular helper T (TFH) or exhausted T cell (TEX) phenotype tended to influence prognosis. The HR in the short time to transformation (TTT) analyses suggested that high CD68+ LAM numbers, diffuse pattern of FOXP3+ Treg cells and PD1+ cells, and high PD-L1 cell numbers are adverse factors leading to early transformation. CONCLUSIONS Multiple tissue-infiltratingimmune cells in microenvironment play critical and different roles in FL prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mixue Xie
- Department of Haematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Shuqi Zhao
- Department of Haematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Xiujin Ye
- Department of Haematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Haematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kawaguchi Y, Saito B, Nakata A, Matsui T, Sasaki Y, Shimada S, Abe M, Watanuki M, Baba Y, Murai S, Arai N, Fujiwara S, Kabasawa N, Tsukamoto H, Uto Y, Yanagisawa K, Hattori N, Harada H, Nakamaki T. Elevated C-reactive protein level is associated with poor prognosis in follicular lymphoma patients undergoing rituximab-containing chemotherapy. Int J Hematol 2020; 112:341-348. [PMID: 32524308 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-02910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although follicular lymphoma (FL) is a pathological entity characterized by relatively uniform histological and molecular findings, its clinical course is highly variable. Establishment of therapeutic strategies based on a simple and practical prognostic model is important. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an adverse prognostic marker for various tumors and aggressive lymphomas. However, the significance of serum CRP levels as a prognostic index in low-grade lymphomas, such as FL, has not been thoroughly investigated. We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between serum CRP levels at diagnosis and the prognosis in patients with FL (n = 61) undergoing rituximab-containing chemotherapy. Elevated CRP levels showed a significant association with elevated fibrinogen (P = 0.002) in univariate analysis. Patients with higher CRP levels (> 5 mg/L) had a significantly shorter progression-free survival in multivariate analysis (P = 0.044). We concluded that serum CRP levels are important in prognostic stratification of patients with FL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kawaguchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Bungo Saito
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nakata
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Matsui
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Sasaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Shimada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maasa Abe
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanuki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Baba
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - So Murai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nana Arai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Fujiwara
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kabasawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Uto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Yanagisawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norimichi Hattori
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakamaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 142-8666 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
In-depth characterization of the tumor microenvironment in central nervous system lymphoma reveals implications for immune-checkpoint therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1751-1766. [PMID: 32335702 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with an aggressive clinical course. To investigate the potential of immune-checkpoint therapy, we retrospectively studied the tumor microenvironment (TME) using high-plex immunohistochemistry in 22 PCNSL and compared to 7 secondary CNS lymphomas (SCNSL) and 7 "other" CNSL lymphomas with the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus and/or compromised immunity. The TME in PCNSL was predominantly composed of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD163+ phagocytes. Despite molecular differences between PCNSL and SCNSL, the cellular composition and the functional spectrum of cytotoxic T cells were similar. But cytotoxic T cell activation was significantly influenced by pre-biopsy corticosteroids intake, tumor expression of PD-L1 and the presence of EBV. The presence of low numbers of CD8+ T cells and geographic-type necrosis each predicted inferior outcome in PCNSL. Both M1-like (CD68 + CD163low) and M2-like (CD68 + CD163high) phagocytes were identified, and an increased ratio of M1-like/M2-like phagocytes was associated with a better survival. PD-L1 was expressed in lymphoma cells in 28% of cases, while PD1 was expressed in only 0.4% of all CD8+ T cells. TIM-3, a marker for T cell exhaustion, was significantly more expressed in CD8posPD-1pos T cells compared to CD8posPD-1neg T cells, and a similar increased expression was observed in M2-like pro-tumoral phagocytes. In conclusion, the clinical impact of TME composition supports the use of immune-checkpoint therapies in PCNSL. Based on observed differences in immune-checkpoint expression, combinations that boost cytotoxic T cell activation (by blocking TIM-3 or TGFBR1) prior to the administration of PD-L1 inhibition could be of interest.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ohe R, Meng HX, Yamada A, Ye Aung N, Kabasawa T, Tamura Y, Utsunomiya A, Tamazawa N, Kawamura I, Kitaoka T, Suzuki K, Yanagiya R, Toubai T, Ishizawa K, Yamakawa M. Good prognosis for follicular lymphoma with estrogen receptor α-positive follicular dendritic cells. Hematol Oncol 2020; 38:293-300. [PMID: 32196124 PMCID: PMC7496718 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) has a meshwork of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). We previously demonstrated the presence of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)+CD23+ FDCs in grades 1‐2 FL. The significance of FDCs as a prognostic factor in FL remains unknown. The current study aimed to compare clinicopathological features, including prognosis, between FL with and without ERα+ FDCs. This study evaluated the clinicopathological significance of ERα expression in 70 FL patients by immunostaining. The presence of ERα mRNA on FDCs from 5 FL patients was confirmed by CD21/ERα double staining (immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization). We defined patients with frequent ERα expression as the ERαhigh group and those with infrequent ERα expression as the ERαlow group. Thirty‐two patients were assigned to the ERαhigh group (45.7%), and 38 patients were assigned to the ERαlow group (54.3%). Both overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were significantly better in the ERαhigh group than in the ERαlow group (OS, log‐rank, P = .0465; PFS, log‐rank, P = .0336). Moreover, high ERα expression on FDCs was an independent prognostic factor for OS in both the univariate ([hazard ratio] HR, 0.163; P = .0260) and multivariate (HR, 0.050; P = .0188) analyses and for PFS in both the univariate (HR, 0.232; P = .0213) and multivariate (HR, 0.084; P = .0243) analyses. ERα mRNA expression was detected in CD21+ FDCs within the neoplastic follicles of FL patients. In conclusion, a neoplastic follicular microenvironment with ERα‐positive FDCs might affect the grade and presence of the follicular pattern of FL and improve patient prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Ohe
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hong-Xue Meng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Akane Yamada
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Naing Ye Aung
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kabasawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuka Tamura
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Aya Utsunomiya
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tamazawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawamura
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takumi Kitaoka
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kazushi Suzuki
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ryo Yanagiya
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomomi Toubai
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishizawa
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yamakawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Menter T, Tzankov A, Zucca E, Kimby E, Hultdin M, Sundström C, Beiske K, Cogliatti S, Banz Y, Cathomas G, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Grobholz R, Mazzucchelli L, Sander B, Hawle H, Hayoz S, Dirnhofer S. Prognostic implications of the microenvironment for follicular lymphoma under immunomodulation therapy. Br J Haematol 2020; 189:707-717. [PMID: 32012230 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) constitutes a significant proportion of lymphomas and shows frequent relapses. Beyond conventional chemotherapy, new therapeutic approaches have emerged, focussing on the interplay between lymphoma cells and the microenvironment. Here we report the immunophenotypic investigation of the microenvironment of a clinically well-characterized prospective cohort (study SAKK35/10, NCT01307605) of 154 treatment-naïve FL patients in need of therapy, who have been treated with rituximab only or a combination of rituximab and the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide/Revlimid® A high ratio of CD4- to CD8-positive T cells (P = 0·009) and increased amounts of PD1+ tumour-infiltrating T cells (P = 0·007) were associated with inferior progression-free survival in the whole cohort. Interestingly, the prognostic impact of PD1+ T cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio lost its significance in the subgroup treated with R2 . In the latter group, high amounts of GATA3+ T helper (Th2) equivalents were associated with better progression-free survival (P < 0·001). We identified tumour microenvironmental features that allow prognostic stratification with respect to immuno- and combined immuno- and immunomodulatory therapy. Our analysis indicates that lenalidomide may compensate the adverse prognostic implication of higher amounts of CD4+ and, particularly, PD1+ T cells and that it has favourable effects mainly in cases with higher amounts of Th2 equivalents. [Correction added on 11 February 2020, after online publication: The NCT-trial number was previously incorrect and has been updated in this version].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Menter
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Division of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital / Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Kimby
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Klaus Beiske
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sergio Cogliatti
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yara Banz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gieri Cathomas
- Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | | | - Rainer Grobholz
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | | | - Birgitta Sander
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gars E, Butzmann A, Ohgami R, Balakrishna JP, O'Malley DP. The life and death of the germinal center. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 44:151421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.151421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
34
|
Zeng Q, Liu Z, Liu T. Prognostic value and clinicopathological characteristics of PD-L1 overexpression in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:59. [PMID: 31992262 PMCID: PMC6986088 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has already been detected in various carcinomas. In non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), however, the prognostic value of PD-L1 overexpression remains unclear. METHODS A meta-analysis of 2321 NHL patients from 12 studies was performed. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the correlation between PD-L1 overexpression and prognosis of NHL, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were used to assess the association of PD-L1 overexpression with clinicopathological factors. RESULTS The results showed that no significant difference between PD-L1 positive and negative groups was detected in NHL (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 0.90-2.19; P = 0.137). Nevertheless, the results indicated that PD-L1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in the subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.05-2.74; P = 0.031). We also performed subgroup analyses and meta-regression. The pooled OR showed that PD-L1 overexpression was associated with B symptoms, higher international prognostic index (IPI) score (3, 4, and 5 points) and Ann Arbor Stages III and IV. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis demonstrated that PD-L1 expression was not associated with prognosis of NHL but was associated with prognosis of DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xie M, Huang X, Ye X, Qian W. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of PD-1/PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment and neoplastic cells for lymphoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105999. [PMID: 31704289 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, unprecedented clinical efficacy was observed during treatment of many solid tumors because of the introduction of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors. Preliminary clinical data indicates that checkpoint inhibition also represents a promising therapeutic strategy for certain lymphoid malignancies. However, PD-1/PD-L1 expression levels on neoplastic cells and in the tumor microenvironment vary among subtypes and their prognostic implications remain uncertain. MAIN BODY Here, we review the clinicopathological significance of PD-1/PD-L1 expression in lymphomas. Increased infiltration of PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a favorable prognostic factor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) but not in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). Higher numbers of PD-1+ TILs were observed in follicular lymphoma (FL) than in other subtypes of B-cell lymphoma; however, its prognostic significance remains controversial. Infiltration of PD-L1+ immune cells showed a trend toward better overall survival in nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, more likely to be classified as activated macrophages and dendritic cells in microenvironment but its biological effect is not clarified. Peripheral PD-1+ T cells could be detected in blood samples from DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and correlated with disease progression and poor prognosis. PD-1+ neoplastic T cells were more frequently observed in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, including Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides, which may be involved in the progression of epithelial-derived T lymphoma. Studies on PD-L1 expression in neoplastic cells mostly focused on DLBCL. PD-L1+ neoplastic cells were observed only in a small subset of DLBCL, mainly associated with activated B cell (ABC) subtypes and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positivity; however, its prognostic role remains controversial. In either T or B lymphoma, elevated serum or plasma levels of soluble PD-L1 represent adverse prognostic factors. Notably, in clinical trials of classical HL, the frequency of 9p24.1 chromosome alterations increases the abundance of PD-1 ligand expression, appearing to predict responses to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The cytogenetic alterations affecting chromosome 9p24.1 including the CIITA rearrangement were also frequently observed in certain specific subtypes of large B-cell lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS The clinical roles of PD-1/PD-L1 expression vary between subtypes of lymphoma. Future studies should delineate the prognostic and predictive roles of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mixue Xie
- Senior Department of Haematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Xianbo Huang
- Senior Department of Haematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Xiujin Ye
- Senior Department of Haematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Haematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China; Malignant Lymphoma Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Milcent B, Josseaume N, Petitprez F, Riller Q, Amorim S, Loiseau P, Toubert A, Brice P, Thieblemont C, Teillaud JL, Sibéril S. Recovery of central memory and naive peripheral T cells in Follicular Lymphoma patients receiving rituximab-chemotherapy based regimen. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13471. [PMID: 31530876 PMCID: PMC6748924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models and clinical studies have shown that anti-CD20-based treatment has multifaceted consequences on T-cell immunity. We have performed a prospective study of peripheral T-cell compartment in FL patients, all exhibiting high tumor burden and receiving rituximab-chemotherapy-based regimen (R-CHOP). Before treatment, FL patients harbor low amounts of peripheral naive T cells, but high levels of CD4+ TEM, CD4+ Treg and CD8+ TEMRA subsets and significant amounts of CD38+ HLA-DR+ activated T cells. A portion of these activated/differentiated T cells also expressed PD-1 and/or TIGIT immune checkpoints. Hierarchical clustering of phenotyping data revealed that 5/8 patients with only a partial response to R-CHOP induction therapy or with disease progression segregate into a group exhibiting a highly activated/differentiated T cell profile and a markedly low proportion of naive T cells before treatment. Rituximab-based therapy induced a shift of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells toward a central memory phenotype and of CD8+ T cells to a naive phenotype. In parallel, a decrease in the number of peripheral T cells expressing both PD-1 and TIGIT was detected. These observations suggest that the standard rituximab-based therapy partially reverts the profound alterations observed in T-cell subsets in FL patients, and that blood T-cell phenotyping could provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of rituximab-based treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Milcent
- Cordeliers Research Center-Inserm UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, 75006, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR-S 1138, Paris, 75006, France.,Paris Descartes-Paris 5 University, UMR-S 1138, Paris, 75006, France
| | - N Josseaume
- Cordeliers Research Center-Inserm UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, 75006, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR-S 1138, Paris, 75006, France.,Paris Descartes-Paris 5 University, UMR-S 1138, Paris, 75006, France
| | - F Petitprez
- Cordeliers Research Center-Inserm UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, 75006, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR-S 1138, Paris, 75006, France.,Paris Descartes-Paris 5 University, UMR-S 1138, Paris, 75006, France.,Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Q Riller
- Cordeliers Research Center-Inserm UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, 75006, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR-S 1138, Paris, 75006, France.,Paris Descartes-Paris 5 University, UMR-S 1138, Paris, 75006, France
| | - S Amorim
- APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Hemato-oncology - Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - P Loiseau
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1160, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, 7, France
| | - A Toubert
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1160, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, 7, France
| | - P Brice
- APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Hemato-oncology - Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Thieblemont
- APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Hemato-oncology - Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,EA7324 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J-L Teillaud
- Cordeliers Research Center-Inserm UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, 75006, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR-S 1138, Paris, 75006, France.,Paris Descartes-Paris 5 University, UMR-S 1138, Paris, 75006, France.,Laboratory "Immune Microenvironment and Biotherapy", Sorbonne University UMRS1135, INSERM U.1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Paris, France
| | - S Sibéril
- Cordeliers Research Center-Inserm UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, 75006, France. .,Sorbonne Université, UMR-S 1138, Paris, 75006, France. .,Paris Descartes-Paris 5 University, UMR-S 1138, Paris, 75006, France.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hirayama AV, Gauthier J, Hay KA, Voutsinas JM, Wu Q, Pender BS, Hawkins RM, Vakil A, Steinmetz RN, Riddell SR, Maloney DG, Turtle CJ. High rate of durable complete remission in follicular lymphoma after CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy. Blood 2019; 134:636-640. [PMID: 31648294 PMCID: PMC6695558 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) with early relapse after initial chemoimmunotherapy, refractory disease, or histologic transformation (tFL) have limited progression-free and overall survival. We report efficacy and long-term follow-up of 21 patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) FL (n = 8) and tFL (n = 13) treated on a phase 1/2 clinical trial with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine lymphodepletion followed by infusion of 2 × 106 CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells per kilogram. The complete remission (CR) rates by the Lugano criteria were 88% and 46% for patients with FL and tFL, respectively. All patients with FL who achieved CR remained in remission at a median follow-up of 24 months. The median duration of response for patients with tFL was 10.2 months at a median follow-up of 38 months. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 50% and 39%, and neurotoxicity in 50% and 23% of patients with FL and tFL, respectively, with no severe adverse events (grade ≥3). No significant differences in CAR-T cell in vivo expansion/persistence were observed between FL and tFL patients. CD19 CAR-T cell immunotherapy is highly effective in adults with clinically aggressive R/R FL with or without transformation, with durable remission in a high proportion of FL patients. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01865617.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan Gauthier
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kevin A Hay
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; and
| | - Jenna M Voutsinas
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Qian Wu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Barbara S Pender
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Reed M Hawkins
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Aesha Vakil
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Rachel N Steinmetz
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - David G Maloney
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Cameron J Turtle
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Budau L, Wilhelm C, Moll R, Jäkel J, Hirt C, Dölken G, Maschmeyer G, Neubauer E, Strauch K, Burchert A, Herold M, Neubauer A. Low number of intrafollicular T cells may predict favourable response to rituximab-based immuno-chemotherapy in advanced follicular lymphoma: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2149-2156. [PMID: 31273513 PMCID: PMC6658576 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background First-line rituximab therapy together with chemotherapy is the standard care for patients with advanced follicular B-cell lymphoma, as rituximab together with chemotherapy prolongs progression-free and overall survival (Herold et al. 2007; Marcus et al. 2005). However, as not all patient subgroups benefit from combined immuno-chemotherapy, we asked whether the microenvironment may predict benefit from rituximab-based therapy. Design To address this question, we performed a retrospective immunohistochemical analysis on pathological specimens of 18 patients recruited into a randomized clinical trial, where patients with advanced follicular lymphoma were randomized into either chemotherapy or immuno-chemotherapy with rituximab (Herold et al. 2007). Results We show here that rituximab exerts beneficial effects, especially in the subgroup of follicular lymphoma patients with low intrafollicular CD3, CD5, CD8, and ZAP70 and high CD56 and CD68 expression. Conclusion Rituximab may overcome immune-dormancy in follicular lymphoma in cases with lower intrafollicular T-cell numbers and higher CD56 and CD68 cell counts. As this was a retrospective analysis on a small subgroup of patients, these data need to be corroborated in larger clinical trials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00432-019-02961-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Budau
- Klinik für Hämatologie Onkologie, Immunologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, und Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Baldingerstraße 1, 35033, Marburg, Germany.,, Kath. Marienkrankenhaus, gynäkologie Alfredstraße 9, 22087, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- Klinik für Hämatologie Onkologie, Immunologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, und Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Baldingerstraße 1, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland Moll
- Institut für Pathologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, und Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Baldingerstraße 1, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Jäkel
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinik der RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Hirt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gottfried Dölken
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Maschmeyer
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann gemeinnützige GmbH, Charlottenstraße 72, 14467, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ellen Neubauer
- Klinik für Gynäkologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, und Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Baldingerstraße 1, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institut für Genetische Epidemiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institut für medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Burchert
- Klinik für Hämatologie Onkologie, Immunologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, und Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Baldingerstraße 1, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Herold
- Onkologisches Zentrum, Helios-Klinikum Erfurt, Nordhäuserstr. 74, 99089, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Neubauer
- Klinik für Hämatologie Onkologie, Immunologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, und Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Marburg, Baldingerstraße 1, 35033, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
García-Álvarez M, Alonso-Álvarez S, Prieto-Conde I, Jiménez C, Sarasquete ME, Chillón MC, Medina A, Balanzategui A, Maldonado R, Antón A, Puig N, Rodríguez M, Blanco O, Tamayo P, González-Calle V, Martín A, García-Sanz R, González M, Caballero MD, Alcoceba M. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement IGHV3-48 is a predictive marker of histological transformation into aggressive lymphoma in follicular lymphomas. Blood Cancer J 2019; 9:52. [PMID: 31209206 PMCID: PMC6579759 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-019-0213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a heterogeneous disease whose pathogenesis remains partially unknown. Around 20% of FL patients experience early progression or treatment-refractory disease and 2–3% of patients per year experience histological transformation (HT) into a more aggressive lymphoma (tFL). Here, we evaluate the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) gene usage and mutational status in 187 FL cases to assess its impact on clinical outcome and histological transformation. The IGHV gene repertoire was remarkably biased in FL. The IGHV4-34 (14%), IGHV3-23 (14%), IGHV3-48 (10%), IGHV3-30 (9%) and IGHV3-21 (7%) genes accounted for more than half of the whole cohort. IGHV3-48 was overrepresented in cases of tFL (19%) compared with non-transformed FL at 5 years (5%, P = 0.05). Patients with the IGHV3-48 gene were significantly more likely to have had HT after 10 years than those who used other genes (71% vs. 25%, P < 0.05), irrespective of the therapy they received. Moreover, IGHV3-30 was also overrepresented in cases of FL (9%) and tFL (13%) compared with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in which it was nearly absent. In conclusion, our results indicate a role for antigen selection in the development of FL, while the use of IGHV3-48 could help predict histological transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María García-Álvarez
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sara Alonso-Álvarez
- Department of Hematology, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto-Conde
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Jiménez
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Eugenia Sarasquete
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre - Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Chillón
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre - Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Medina
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Balanzategui
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rebeca Maldonado
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alicia Antón
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Noemí Puig
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre - Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Oscar Blanco
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Tamayo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Martín
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre - Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón García-Sanz
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Networking Centre - Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain. .,Cancer Research Centre - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Marcos González
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre - Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Research Centre - IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Dolores Caballero
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre - Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcoceba
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Salamanca (HUS/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre - Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ohe R, Meng HX, Ye Aung N, Yamada A, Kabasawa T, Utsunomiya A, Tamazawa N, Tamura Y, Kitaoka T, Hashimoto T, Shibata K, Toubai T, Kimura W, Ishizawa K, Yamakawa M. Differential expression of estrogen receptor-α on follicular dendritic cells from patients with grade 1-2 and grade 3 follicular lymphoma. Hematol Oncol 2019; 37:151-159. [PMID: 30736096 PMCID: PMC6593816 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hormone therapy has been used for patients with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)–positive breast cancers. Recently, some studies reported the expression of ERα on neoplastic cells from B‐cell lymphomas. However, there has been only one report of ERα expression on the follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) that structurally and functionally support the microenvironment of follicular lymphomas (FLs). The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of ERα expression on FDCs in nonneoplastic reactive lymphoid tissues and to compare the frequency of ERα expression on FDCs in the axillary lymph nodes between patients with and without antiestrogen therapy and among patients with grades 1‐3 of FL. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect ERα mRNA in FL. In nonneoplastic germinal centers (GCs) from patients with tonsillitis or reactive lymphadenitis, ERα was expressed in the light zone. ERα‐positive cells strongly correlated with the width of GCs (rs = 0.81, P < 0.01) and the CD21‐positive (rs = 0.69, P < 0.01) and CD23‐positive (rs = 0.83, P < 0.01) FDC meshwork. The axillary lymph nodes had fewer ERα‐positive cells, smaller GCs, and a looser CD21‐ and CD23‐positive FDC meshwork with hormone therapy than without hormone therapy (P < 0.01). Neoplastic follicles of G1‐2 FL had more ERα‐positive cells and a larger CD23+ FDC meshwork than those of G3 FL (P < 0.01). ERα mRNA was detected in both G1‐2 FL and G3 FL by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, these results suggested that antiestrogen hormone therapy may decrease the number of ERα‐positive FDCs and that the responses mediated by the estrogen‐ERα interaction on FDCs may differ between G1‐2 FL and G3 FL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Ohe
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hong-Xue Meng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Naing Ye Aung
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kabasawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Aya Utsunomiya
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tamazawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuka Tamura
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takumi Kitaoka
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterological, General, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomomi Toubai
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Wataru Kimura
- Department of Surgery, Yonezawa City Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishizawa
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yamakawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Total metabolic tumor volume, circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA: distinct prognostic value in follicular lymphoma. Blood Adv 2019; 2:807-816. [PMID: 29636326 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017015164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Outcomes for follicular lymphoma (FL) have greatly improved, but most patients will ultimately relapse. High total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV), computed from baseline 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET), is associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS), but circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) may also reflect tumor burden and be of prognostic value. The aim of our study was to correlate CTCs and cfDNA with TMTV in FL at diagnosis and to determine their prognostic values. We retrospectively analyzed 133 patients (with previously untreated FL and a baseline PET) from 2 cohorts with either a baseline plasma sample (n = 61) or a bcl2-JH-informative peripheral blood (PB) sample (n = 68). Quantification of circulating bcl2-JH+ cells and cfDNA was performed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. A significant correlation was found between TMTV and both CTCs (P < .0001) and cfDNA (P < .0001). With a median 48-month follow-up, 4-year PFS was lower in patients with TMTV > 510 cm3 (P = .0004), CTCs >0.0018 PB cells (P = .03), or cfDNA >2550 equivalent-genome/mL (P = .04). In comparison with TMTV alone, no additional prognostic information was obtained by measuring CTCs. In contrast, Cox multivariate analysis, including cfDNA and TMTV, showed that both cfDNA and TMTV remained predictive of outcome. In conclusion, CTCs and cfDNA correlate with TMTV in FL, and all 3 influence patient outcome. PFS was shorter for patients with high cfDNA and TMTV, suggesting that these parameters provide relevant information for tumor-tailored therapy.
Collapse
|
42
|
Godfrey J, Leukam MJ, Smith SM. An update in treating transformed lymphoma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2018; 31:251-261. [PMID: 30213394 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Indolent lymphomas typically have a prolonged course and favorable prognosis. Recent data support survival times that can reach several decades, even if periodic treatment is needed to manage symptoms or stabilize disease. However, all indolent lymphomas have the potential to undergo transformation to an aggressive phenotype, clinically characterized by a rapid progression of adenopathy, new-onset constitutional symptoms, or laboratory abnormalities, and the immediate need for therapeutic intervention. The most common scenario is transformation of follicular lymphoma to either diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 translocations; however, other indolent subtypes such as marginal zone lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or even nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, can undergo similar histologic transformation. The prognosis of transformed lymphomas has historically been quite poor, but there is ample evidence this is changing in the rituximab era. This article will provide a review of transformed lymphomas with an emphasis on treatment and the nuances of diagnosis and clinical management. Unless otherwise specified, all discussion in this review pertains to transformed follicular lymphoma which is the more common scenario and the subtype with the most robust data. In many cases, this information can be extrapolated and applied to other indolent histologies (i.e. transformed marginal zone lymphoma); however, several other clinical scenarios, such as Richter's transformation and "double hit" transformations, warrant a distinct discussion and will be reviewed separately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Godfrey
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Michael J Leukam
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - Sonali M Smith
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Atanackovic D, Luetkens T. Biomarkers for checkpoint inhibition in hematologic malignancies. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 52:198-206. [PMID: 29775689 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years we have seen remarkable paradigm shifts in the treatment of many solid tumors due to the introduction of inhibitors targeting immune checkpoints such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. Recent results indicate that checkpoint inhibition also represents a very promising approach for certain types of hematologic malignancies. Unfortunately, treatment with checkpoint inhibitors is also associated with substantial toxicities and high costs and only a subset of patients appears to derive clinical benefit from these treatments. This demonstrates the urgent need for biomarkers for the identification of patient populations that are likely to respond to this type of therapy and/or have fewer side effects. Here, we have reviewed available information on the prognostic and predictive value of biomarkers for anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 as the most commonly used checkpoint inhibitors. There are currently no reliable biomarkers capable of predicting responses to anti-CTLA-4 agents, such as ipilimumab, in hematologic malignancies. Certain polymorphisms in the CTLA-4 gene, however, seem to have an impact on the patients' outcome, especially in the case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). There is now sufficient data supporting PD-L1 expression levels in the tumor tissue as an independent prognostic factor in B cell lymphomas such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Overexpression of PD-L1 in the tumor tissue and elevated serum levels of soluble PD-L1 may also represent adverse prognostic factors in certain subtypes of T cell lymphomas. Finally, expression levels of PD-L1 also seem to predict responses to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 approaches in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Future studies will have to further delineate the prognostic/predictive role of PD-L1 expression as a biomarker in hematologic malignancies and may be able to identify confounding variables, which will hopefully to some extent be generalizable to other types of anti-tumor immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Djordje Atanackovic
- Multiple Myeloma Program & Cancer Immunology, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah/Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Tim Luetkens
- Multiple Myeloma Program & Cancer Immunology, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah/Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ye H, Desai A, Gong T, Zeng D, Nomie K, Chen W, Wang W, Romaguera J, Wang ML. Spontaneous regression of mantle cell lymphoma: a report of four cases. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:30. [PMID: 29843782 PMCID: PMC5993130 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spontaneous regression has been reported in some indolent forms of lymphoma. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive lymphoid neoplasm and has a poor prognosis. However, approximately 30% of MCL patients can exhibit indolent clinical behavior. To date, complete spontaneous regression of MCL has not been reported. Case presentation We describe four cases of spontaneous regression of MCL. At the time of presentation, these patients were asymptomatic, with lymph node enlargement and mild to moderate fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on FDG-positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography. One of the possible mechanisms of spontaneous regression of the tumor could be due to the host immune response through humoral and cellular immunity, which may have a role in the clearance of tumor cells. Conclusions In this report, we support the use of a “wait and watch” strategy for MCL patients with no risk factors and indolent behavior. This strategy helps spare patients from further potentially harmful chemotherapy. In addition, we describe the phenomenon of spontaneous regression in MCL patients who are asymptomatic and have low-volume disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haige Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China.,Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aakash Desai
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tiejun Gong
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Dongfeng Zeng
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Hematology, Da Ping Hospital, Research Institute of Surgery, Chongqing Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, P. R. China
| | - Krystle Nomie
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wendy Chen
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jorge Romaguera
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael L Wang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lin Z, Chen B, Wu T, Xu X. Highly Tumorigenic Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Cells Are Produced by Coculture with Stromal Cells. Acta Haematol 2018; 139:201-216. [PMID: 29791894 DOI: 10.1159/000488385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is heterogeneous. We aimed to explore how tumor microenvironment promotes lymphoma cell aggressiveness and heterogeneity. METHODS We created a coculture system using human DLBCL cells and mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Proliferative capacity, drug resistance, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity were compared in lymphoma cells from the coculture system and lymphoma cells cultured alone. Expression of Notch signaling associated genes was evaluated using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Lymphoma cells in the coculture system differentiated into a suspended cell group and an adherent cell group. They acquired a stronger proliferative capacity and drug resistance than lymphoma cells cultured alone, and differences existed between the adherent cell and suspended cell groups. The suspended cell group acquired the most powerful clonogenic and tumorigenic potential. However, Notch3 was exclusively expressed in the adherent lymphoma cell group and the use of N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester, an inhibitor of Notch pathway, could abolish the emergence of highly aggressive lymphoma cells. CONCLUSION Highly tumorigenic lymphoma cells could be generated by coculture with stromal cells, and it was dependent on Notch3 expression in the adjacent lymphoma cells through interaction with stromal cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Coculture Techniques
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mice
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang YP, Zhang R, Zhu HY, Wang L, Wu YJ, Liang JH, Shi WY, Liu H, Xu W, Li JY. Circulating Low Absolute CD4+ T Cell Counts May Predict Poor Prognosis in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma Patients Treating with Pegaspargase-Based Chemotherapy. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 51:368-377. [PMID: 29764116 PMCID: PMC6333979 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and asparaginase-based regimens are the best first-line treatments. Data on the role of specific circulating lymphocyte subsets in the progression of ENKTL are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical correlation and distribution of circulating absolute CD4+ T-cell counts (ACD4Cs) in ENKTL. Materials and Methods We retrospectively searched medical records for 70 newly diagnosed ENKTL patients treated with pegaspargase-based regimens. Comparison of ACD4Cs as a continuous parameter in different groups was calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Stage III/IV, B symptoms, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, monocytopenia, high-intermediate and high risk International Prognostic Index (IPI) and Korean Prognostic Index (KPI), high risk Prognostic Index of Natural Killer Lymphoma (PINK), and lower lymphocytes were significantly associated with low ACD4C at diagnosis. With a median follow-up time of 32 months, patients who had an ACD4C < 0.30×109/L had a worse OS. Median OS was 11 months and median PFS was 5 months in the low ACD4C cohort. There were significant differences in both OS and PFS between the two cohorts. Moreover, multivariate Cox analysis identified ACD4Cs as an independent predictor for OS and PFS. CONCLUSION Low ACD4Cs were associated with poorer survival and could act as a negative predictor for ENKTL patients treated with asparaginase-based regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Run Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Hua Liang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Yu Shi
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Link BK. Transformation of follicular lymphoma – Why does it happen and can it be prevented? Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2018; 31:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
48
|
Xu-Monette ZY, Zhou J, Young KH. PD-1 expression and clinical PD-1 blockade in B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2018; 131:68-83. [PMID: 29118007 PMCID: PMC5755041 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-07-740993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade targeting the PD-1 immune checkpoint has demonstrated unprecedented clinical efficacy in the treatment of advanced cancers including hematologic malignancies. This article reviews the landscape of PD-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and current PD-1 blockade immunotherapy trials in B-cell lymphomas. Most notably, in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma, which frequently has increased PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating T cells, 9p24.1 genetic alteration, and high PD-L1 expression, anti-PD-1 monotherapy has demonstrated remarkable objective response rates (ORRs) of 65% to 87% and durable disease control in phase 1/2 clinical trials. The median duration of response was 16 months in a phase 2 trial. PD-1 blockade has also shown promise in a phase 1 trial of nivolumab in relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, including follicular lymphoma, which often displays abundant PD-1 expression on intratumoral T cells, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which variably expresses PD-1 and PD-L1. In primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, which frequently has 9p24.1 alterations, the ORR was 35% in a phase 2 trial of pembrolizumab. In contrast, the ORR with pembrolizumab was 0% in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 44% in CLL with Richter transformation in a phase 2 trial. T cells from CLL patients have elevated PD-1 expression; CLL PD-1+ T cells can exhibit a pseudo-exhaustion or a replicative senescence phenotype. PD-1 expression was also found in marginal zone lymphoma but not in mantle cell lymphoma, although currently anti-PD-1 clinical trial data are not available. Mechanisms and predictive biomarkers for PD-1 blockade immunotherapy, treatment-related adverse events, hyperprogression, and combination therapies are discussed in the context of B-cell lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hu G, Wang S. Prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating CD57-positive lymphocytes in solid tumors: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:8111-8119. [PMID: 29487719 PMCID: PMC5814286 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating CD57-positive lymphocytes (CD57+ lymphocytes) in human solid tumors remains controversial. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis including 26 published studies with 7656 patients identified from PubMed and EBSCO to assess the prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating CD57+ lymphocytes in human solid tumors. We found that CD57+ lymphocyte infiltration significantly improved overall survival (OS) including 1 – year, 3 – year and 5 – year survival, and disease – free survival (DFS) in all types of solid tumors. In stratified analyses, CD57+ lymphocyte infiltration was significantly associated with better OS in hepatocellular, esophageal, head and neck carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, 5 – year survival in colorectal cancer, and 3 – year and 5 – year survival in gastric cancer, but not with 1 – year survival in gastric cancer, or 1 – year or 3 – year survival in colorectal cancer. In addition, high density of intratumoral CD57+ lymphocytes was significantly inversely correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage of solid tumor. In conclusion, CD57+ lymphocyte infiltration leads to a favorable clinical outcome in solid tumors, implicating that it is a useful biomarker for prognosis and adoptive immunotherapy based on these cells may be a promising choice for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, 312000, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chromatin modifying gene mutations in follicular lymphoma. Blood 2017; 131:595-604. [PMID: 29158360 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-737361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent malignancy of germinal center B cells. Although the overall survival of FL patients has recently improved with the introduction of novel therapies, there is significant heterogeneity in patient outcome and a need for rationally designed therapeutic strategies that target disease biology. Next-generation sequencing studies have identified chromatin modifying gene (CMG) mutations as a hallmark of FL, highlighting epigenetic modifiers as an attractive therapeutic target in this disease. Understanding the complex roles of these mutations will be central to identifying and adaptively targeting associated vulnerabilities. Recent studies have provided insight into the functional consequences of the most frequently mutated CMGs (KMT2D, CREBBP, and EZH2) and point to a role for these events in modifying normal B-cell differentiation programs and impeding germinal center exit. However, the majority of FL tumors serially acquire multiple CMG mutations, suggesting that there is a level of cross talk or cooperation between these events that has not yet been defined. Here, I review the current state of knowledge on CMG mutations in FL, discuss their potential as therapeutic targets, and offer my perspective on unexplored areas that should be considered in the future.
Collapse
|