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Wertman E. Essential New Complexity-Based Themes for Patient-Centered Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia and Predementia in Older People: Multimorbidity and Multilevel Phenomenology. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4202. [PMID: 39064242 PMCID: PMC11277671 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a highly prevalent condition with devastating clinical and socioeconomic sequela. It is expected to triple in prevalence by 2050. No treatment is currently known to be effective. Symptomatic late-onset dementia and predementia (SLODP) affects 95% of patients with the syndrome. In contrast to trials of pharmacological prevention, no treatment is suggested to remediate or cure these symptomatic patients. SLODP but not young onset dementia is intensely associated with multimorbidity (MUM), including brain-perturbating conditions (BPCs). Recent studies showed that MUM/BPCs have a major role in the pathogenesis of SLODP. Fortunately, most MUM/BPCs are medically treatable, and thus, their treatment may modify and improve SLODP, relieving suffering and reducing its clinical and socioeconomic threats. Regrettably, the complex system features of SLODP impede the diagnosis and treatment of the potentially remediable conditions (PRCs) associated with them, mainly due to failure of pattern recognition and a flawed diagnostic workup. We suggest incorporating two SLODP-specific conceptual themes into the diagnostic workup: MUM/BPC and multilevel phenomenological themes. By doing so, we were able to improve the diagnostic accuracy of SLODP components and optimize detecting and favorably treating PRCs. These revolutionary concepts and their implications for remediability and other parameters are discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Wertman
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190500, Israel;
- Section of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190500, Israel
- Or’ad: Organization for Cognitive and Behavioral Changes in the Elderly, Jerusalem 9458118, Israel
- Merhav Neuropsychogeriatric Clinics, Nehalim 4995000, Israel
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Fernández-Rhodes M, Lorca C, Lisa J, Batalla I, Ramos-Miguel A, Gallart-Palau X, Serra A. New Origins of Yeast, Plant and Bacterial-Derived Extracellular Vesicles to Expand and Advance Compound Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7151. [PMID: 39000260 PMCID: PMC11241179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute a sophisticated molecular exchange mechanism highly regarded for their potential as a next-generation platform for compound delivery. However, identifying sustainable and biologically safe sources of EVs remains a challenge. This work explores the emergence of novel sources of plant and bacterial-based EVs, such as those obtained from food industry by-products, known as BP-EVs, and their potential to be used as safer and biocompatible nanocarriers, addressing some of the current challenges of the field. These novel sources exhibit remarkable oral bioavailability and biodistribution, with minimal cytotoxicity and a selective targeting capacity toward the central nervous system, liver, and skeletal tissues. Additionally, we review the ease of editing these recently uncovered nanocarrier-oriented vesicles using common EV editing methods, examining the cargo-loading processes applicable to these sources, which involve both passive and active functionalization methods. While the primary focus of these novel sources of endogenous EVs is on molecule delivery to the central nervous system and skeletal tissue based on their systemic target preference, their use, as reviewed here, extends beyond these key applications within the biotechnological and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández-Rhodes
- +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG)-Neuroscience Area, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA)-University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), 80 Av. Rovira Roure, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), C. Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Lorca
- +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG)-Neuroscience Area, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA)-University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), 80 Av. Rovira Roure, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Lisa
- +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG)-Neuroscience Area, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA)-University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), 80 Av. Rovira Roure, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Iolanda Batalla
- Psychiatry Unit, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria, Medicine Department, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ramos-Miguel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Xavier Gallart-Palau
- +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG)-Neuroscience Area, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA)-University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), 80 Av. Rovira Roure, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), C. Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Serra
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain
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3
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Lorca C, Fernández-Rhodes M, Sánchez Milán JA, Mulet M, Elortza F, Ramos-Miguel A, Callado LF, Meana JJ, Mur M, Batalla I, Vilella E, Serra A, Gallart-Palau X. Next-Generation Proteomics of Brain Extracellular Vesicles in Schizophrenia Provide New Clues on the Altered Molecular Connectome. Biomedicines 2024; 12:129. [PMID: 38255234 PMCID: PMC10812948 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny membranous structures that mediate intercellular communication. The role(s) of these vesicles have been widely investigated in the context of neurological diseases; however, their potential implications in the neuropathology subjacent to human psychiatric disorders remain mostly unknown. Here, by using next-generation discovery-driven proteomics, we investigate the potential role(s) of brain EVs (bEVs) in schizophrenia (SZ) by analyzing these vesicles from the three post-mortem anatomical brain regions: the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC), and caudate (CAU). The results obtained indicate that bEVs from SZ-affected brains contain region-specific proteins that are associated with abnormal GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission. Similarly, these vesicles from the analyzed regions were implicated in synaptic decay, abnormal brain immunity, neuron structural imbalances, and impaired cell homeostasis. Our findings also provide evidence, for the first time, that networks of molecular exchange (involving the PFC, HC, and CAU) are potentially active and mediated by EVs in non-diseased brains. Additionally, these bEV-mediated networks seem to have become partially reversed and largely disrupted in the brains of subjects affected by SZ. Taken as a whole, these results open the door to the uncovering of new biological markers and therapeutic targets, based on the compositions of bEVs, for the benefit of patients affected by SZ and related psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lorca
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), Neuroscience Area, +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), 80 Av. Rovira Roure, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.L.); (M.F.-R.); (J.A.S.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Rhodes
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), Neuroscience Area, +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), 80 Av. Rovira Roure, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.L.); (M.F.-R.); (J.A.S.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Sánchez Milán
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), Neuroscience Area, +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), 80 Av. Rovira Roure, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.L.); (M.F.-R.); (J.A.S.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - María Mulet
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), Neuroscience Area, +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), 80 Av. Rovira Roure, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.L.); (M.F.-R.); (J.A.S.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, Science and Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Ramos-Miguel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (L.F.C.); (J.J.M.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 43206 Reus, Spain
| | - Luis F. Callado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (L.F.C.); (J.J.M.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 43206 Reus, Spain
| | - J. Javier Meana
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (L.F.C.); (J.J.M.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 43206 Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Mur
- Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria, Medicine Department, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Iolanda Batalla
- Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria, Medicine Department, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.M.); (I.B.)
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 43206 Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)-CERCA, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43206 Reus, Spain
| | - Aida Serra
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), University of Lleida (UdL), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavier Gallart-Palau
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLLEIDA), Neuroscience Area, +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), 80 Av. Rovira Roure, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (C.L.); (M.F.-R.); (J.A.S.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Lleida (UdL), 25001 Lleida, Spain
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Pait MC, Kaye SD, Su Y, Kumar A, Singh S, Gironda SC, Vincent S, Anwar M, Carroll CM, Snipes JA, Lee J, Furdui CM, Deep G, Macauley SL. Novel method for collecting hippocampal interstitial fluid extracellular vesicles (EV ISF ) reveals sex-dependent changes in microglial EV proteome in response to Aβ pathology. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12398. [PMID: 38191961 PMCID: PMC10774707 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an active role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), relaying important physiological information about their host tissues. The internal cargo of EVs is protected from degradation, making EVs attractive AD biomarkers. However, it is unclear how circulating EVs relate to EVs isolated from disease-vulnerable brain regions. We developed a novel method for collecting EVs from the hippocampal interstitial fluid (ISF) of live mice. EVs (EVISF ) were isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, immunogold labelling, and flow cytometry. Mass spectrometry and proteomic analyses were performed on EVISF cargo. EVISF were 40-150 nm in size and expressed CD63, CD9, and CD81. Using a model of cerebral amyloidosis (e.g., APPswe, PSEN1dE9 mice), we found protein concentration increased but protein diversity decreased with Aβ deposition. Genotype, age, and Aβ deposition modulated proteostasis- and immunometabolic-related pathways. Changes in the microglial EVISF proteome were sexually dimorphic and associated with a differential response of plaque associated microglia. We found that female APP/PS1 mice have more amyloid plaques, less plaque associated microglia, and a less robust- and diverse- EVISF microglial proteome. Thus, in vivo microdialysis is a novel technique for collecting EVISF and offers a unique opportunity to explore the role of EVs in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan C. Pait
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sarah D. Kaye
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yixin Su
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Stephen C. Gironda
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Samantha Vincent
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Maria Anwar
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Caitlin M. Carroll
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - James Andy Snipes
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Department of Internal MedicineSection on Molecular MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared ResourceWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Department of Internal MedicineSection on Molecular MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared ResourceWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer CenterWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer CenterWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Center for Research on Substance Use and AddictionWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- J Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's PreventionWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Shannon L. Macauley
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- J Paul Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's PreventionWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Internal MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Center for Diabetes and MetabolismWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Cardiovascular Sciences CenterWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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5
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Ishikawa H, Shindo A, Mizutani A, Tomimoto H, Lo EH, Arai K. A brief overview of a mouse model of cerebral hypoperfusion by bilateral carotid artery stenosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:18-36. [PMID: 36883344 PMCID: PMC10638994 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231154597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) refers to all forms of cognitive disorder related to cerebrovascular diseases, including vascular mild cognitive impairment, post-stroke dementia, multi-infarct dementia, subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), and mixed dementia. Among the causes of VCI, more attention has been paid to SIVD because the causative cerebral small vessel pathologies are frequently observed in elderly people and because the gradual progression of cognitive decline often mimics Alzheimer's disease. In most cases, small vessel diseases are accompanied by cerebral hypoperfusion. In mice, prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion is induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) with surgically implanted metal micro-coils. This cerebral hypoperfusion BCAS model was proposed as a SIVD mouse model in 2004, and the spreading use of this mouse SIVD model has provided novel data regarding cognitive dysfunction and histological/genetic changes by cerebral hypoperfusion. Oxidative stress, microvascular injury, excitotoxicity, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and secondary inflammation may be the main mechanisms of brain damage due to prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion, and some potential therapeutic targets for SIVD have been proposed by using transgenic mice or clinically used drugs in BCAS studies. This review article overviews findings from the studies that used this hypoperfused-SIVD mouse model, which were published between 2004 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Ishikawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akane Mizutani
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Huang Y, Arab T, Russell AE, Mallick ER, Nagaraj R, Gizzie E, Redding‐Ochoa J, Troncoso JC, Pletnikova O, Turchinovich A, Routenberg DA, Witwer KW. Toward a human brain extracellular vesicle atlas: Characteristics of extracellular vesicles from different brain regions, including small RNA and protein profiles. INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2023; 1:e20230016. [PMID: 38089920 PMCID: PMC10712435 DOI: 10.1002/inmd.20230016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from different cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) and play roles in regulating physiological and pathological functions. Although brain-derived EVs (bdEVs) have been successfully collected from brain tissue, there is not yet a "bdEV Atlas" of EVs from different brain regions. To address this gap, we separated EVs from eight anatomical brain regions of a single individual and subsequently characterized them by count, size, morphology, and protein and RNA content. The greatest particle yield was from cerebellum, while the fewest particles were recovered from the orbitofrontal, postcentral gyrus, and thalamus regions. EV surface phenotyping indicated that CD81 and CD9 were more abundant than CD63 in all regions. Cell-enriched surface markers varied between brain regions. For example, putative neuronal markers NCAM, CD271, and NRCAM were more abundant in medulla, cerebellum, and occipital regions, respectively. These findings, while restricted to tissues from a single individual, suggest that additional studies are warranted to provide more insight into the links between EV heterogeneity and function in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Tanina Arab
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ashley E. Russell
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of BiologySchool of SciencePenn State ErieThe Behrend CollegeEriePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Emily R. Mallick
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Evan Gizzie
- Meso Scale DiagnosticsLLCRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Javier Redding‐Ochoa
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical SciencesJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrey Turchinovich
- Division of Cancer Genome ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Heidelberg Biolabs GmbHHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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7
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Georgieva I, Tchekalarova J, Iliev D, Tzoneva R. Endothelial Senescence and Its Impact on Angiogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11344. [PMID: 37511104 PMCID: PMC10379128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are constantly exposed to environmental stress factors that, above a certain threshold, trigger cellular senescence and apoptosis. The altered vascular function affects new vessel formation and endothelial fitness, contributing to the progression of age-related diseases. This narrative review highlights the complex interplay between senescence, oxidative stress, extracellular vesicles, and the extracellular matrix and emphasizes the crucial role of angiogenesis in aging and Alzheimer's disease. The interaction between the vascular and nervous systems is essential for the development of a healthy brain, especially since neurons are exceptionally dependent on nutrients carried by the blood. Therefore, anomalies in the delicate balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors and the consequences of disrupted angiogenesis, such as misalignment, vascular leakage and disturbed blood flow, are responsible for neurodegeneration. The implications of altered non-productive angiogenesis in Alzheimer's disease due to dysregulated Delta-Notch and VEGF signaling are further explored. Additionally, potential therapeutic strategies such as exercise and caloric restriction to modulate angiogenesis and vascular aging and to mitigate the associated debilitating symptoms are discussed. Moreover, both the roles of extracellular vesicles in stress-induced senescence and as an early detection marker for Alzheimer's disease are considered. The intricate relationship between endothelial senescence and angiogenesis provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis-related disorders and opens avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Georgieva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. George Bonchev, Str. Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. George Bonchev, Str. Bl. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Iliev
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. George Bonchev, Str. Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Tzoneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. George Bonchev, Str. Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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8
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Li B, Ma Z, Li Z. A novel regulator in Alzheimer's disease progression: The astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101871. [PMID: 36736378 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known as an age-related irreversible neurodegenerative disease. AD seriously endangers the health of the elderly, but there is still no effective treatment. In the past several decades, the significant role of astrocytes in the process of AD has been universally acknowledged. In addition, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as an essential mediator in intercellular communication and participate in various pathophysiological processes by carrying and transporting diverse cargoes. Moreover, specific conditions and stimuli can modulate the amount and properties of astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs) to affect AD progression. Thus, recent studies focused on the involvement of ADEVs in the pathogenesis of AD and the potential application of ADEVs in the diagnosis and treatment of AD, which provides a new direction and possibility for revealing the mystery of AD. Interestingly, it can be concluded that ADEVs have both pathogenic and protective effects in the process of AD through a comprehensive generalization. In this review, we aim to summarize the multi-faces of ADEVs effects on AD development, which can provide a novel strategy to investigate the underlying mechanism in AD. We also summarize the current ADEVs clinically relevant studies to raise the potential use of ADEVs in the discovery of novel biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.; School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhixin Ma
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China..
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9
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Zhang C, Yang X, Jiang T, Yan C, Xu X, Chen Z. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles: Isolation, purification, and multiple roles in normal and tumor tissues. Life Sci 2023; 321:121624. [PMID: 37001806 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles released from cells, and their lipid bilayer membrane encloses large amounts of bioactive molecules that endow EVs with intercellular or inter-tissue communicational abilities. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (Ti-EVs) are EVs directly separated from the interstitial space of tissue. They could better reflect the actual physiological or pathological state of the tissue microenvironment compared with cell line-derived EVs and biofluid EVs, indicating their potential roles in elucidating the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis and guiding the diagnosis, therapeutic targeting, and cell-free treatment of diseases. However, there have been a relatively limited number of investigations of Ti-EVs. In this review, we have summarized general procedures for Ti-EVs isolation, as well as some caveats with respect to operations after the isolation step, such as purification and storage. In addition, we have also briefly concluded the current research trends on EVs from various normal and tumor tissues, aiming to cast new light on the future research direction of Ti-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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10
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Roy R, Lorca C, Mulet M, Sánchez Milán JA, Baratas A, de la Casa M, Espinet C, Serra A, Gallart-Palau X. Altered ureido protein modification profiles in seminal plasma extracellular vesicles of non-normozoospermic men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1113824. [PMID: 37033249 PMCID: PMC10073716 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1113824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as key players in numerous physiological functions. These vesicles alter their compositions attuned to the health and disease states of the organism. In men, significant changes in the proteomic composition(s) of seminal plasma EVs (sEVs) have already been found to be related to infertility. METHODS Methods: In this study, we analyze the posttranslational configuration of sEV proteomes from normozoospermic (NZ) men and non-normozoospermic (non-NZ) men diagnosed with teratozoospermia and/or asthenozoospermia by unbiased, discovery-driven proteomics and advanced bioinformatics, specifically focusing on citrulline (Cit) and homocitrulline (hCit) posttranscriptional residues, both considered product of ureido protein modifications. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Significant increase in the proteome-wide cumulative presence of hCit together with downregulation of Cit in specific proteins related to decisive molecular functions have been encountered in sEVs of non-NZ subjects. These findings identify novel culprits with a higher chance of affecting fundamental aspects of sperm functional quality and define potential specific diagnostic and prognostic non-invasive markers for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Roy
- Department of Biology, Genetics Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Lorca
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mulet
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez Milán
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
| | - Alejandro Baratas
- Department of Biology, Genetics Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Moisés de la Casa
- Department of Biology, Genetics Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- GINEFIV, Assisted Reproduction Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Espinet
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Aida Serra
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- *Correspondence: Aida Serra, ; Xavier Gallart-Palau,
| | - Xavier Gallart-Palau
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), Neuroscience Area, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- *Correspondence: Aida Serra, ; Xavier Gallart-Palau,
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11
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Association of Serum GFAP with Functional and Neurocognitive Outcome in Sporadic Small Vessel Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081869. [PMID: 36009416 PMCID: PMC9405121 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum biomarkers are critical for clinical decision making in neurological diseases. In cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are an important neuroimaging biomarker, but more blood-based biomarkers capturing different aspects of CSVD pathology are needed. In 42 sporadic CSVD patients, we prospectively analysed WMH on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the biomarkers neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), chitinase3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), Tau and Aβ1-42 in CSF and NfL and GFAP in serum. GFAP and CHI3L1 expression was studied in post-mortem brain tissue in additional cases. CSVD cases with higher serum NfL and GFAP levels had a higher modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and NIHSS score and lower CSF Aβ1-42 levels, whereas the CSF NfL and CHI3L1 levels were positively correlated with the WMH load. Moreover, the serum GFAP levels significantly correlated with the neurocognitive functions. Pathological analyses in CSVD revealed a high density of GFAP-immunoreactive fibrillary astrocytic processes in the periventricular white matter and clusters of CHI3L1-immunoreactive astrocytes in the basal ganglia and thalamus. Thus, besides NfL, serum GFAP is a highly promising fluid biomarker of sporadic CSVD, because it does not only correlate with the clinical severity but also correlates with the cognitive function in patients.
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12
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Proteomics for comprehensive characterization of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative disease. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114149. [PMID: 35732219 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bilayer particles ubiquitously released by almost every cell type. A specific and selective constituents of EVs loaded with variety of proteins, lipids, small noncoding RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs are reflective of cellular events, type, and physiologic/pathophysiologic status of the cell of origin. Moreover, these molecular contents carry information from the cell of origin to recipient cells, modulating intercellular communication. Recent studies demonstrated that EVs not only play a neuroprotective role by mediating the removal of toxic proteins, but also emerge as an important player in various neurodegenerative disease onset and progression through facilitating of misfolded proteins propagation. For this reason, neurodegenerative disease-associated differences in EV proteome relative to normal EVs can be used to fulfil diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. Nonetheless, characterizing EV proteome obtained from biological samples (brain tissue and body fluids, including urea, blood, saliva, and CSF) is a challenging task. Herein, we review the status of EV proteome profiling and the updated discovery of potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease with an emphasis on the integration of high-throughput advanced mass spectrometry (MS) technologies for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of EVs in different clinical tissue/body fluid samples in past five years.
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13
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Lorca C, Mulet M, Arévalo-Caro C, Sanchez MÁ, Perez A, Perrino M, Bach-Faig A, Aguilar-Martínez A, Vilella E, Gallart-Palau X, Serra A. Plant-derived nootropics and human cognition: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5521-5545. [PMID: 34978226 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2021137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Substances with modulatory capabilities on certain aspects of human cognition have been revered as nootropics from the dawn of time. The plant kingdom provides most of the currently available nootropics of natural origin. Here, in this systematic review, we aim to provide state-of-the-art information regarding proven and unproven effects of plant-derived nootropics (PDNs) on human cognition in conditions of health and disease. Six independent searches, one for each neurocognitive domain (NCD), were performed in parallel using three independent scientific library databases: PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus. Only scientific studies and systematic reviews with humans published between January 2000 and November 2021 were reviewed, and 256 papers were included. Ginkgo biloba was the most relevant nootropic regarding perceptual and motor functions. Bacopa monnieri improves language, learning and memory. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) modulates anxiety and social-related cognitions. Caffeine enhances attention and executive functions. Together, the results from the compiled studies highlight the nootropic effects and the inconsistencies regarding PDNs that require further research.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.2021137.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lorca
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- Proteored - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mulet
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Catalina Arévalo-Caro
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Sanchez
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Perez
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Perrino
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Bach-Faig
- FoodLab Research Group (2017SGR 83), Faculty of Health Sciences, Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
- Food and Nutrition Area, Barcelona Official College of Pharmacists, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Aguilar-Martínez
- FoodLab Research Group (2017SGR 83), Faculty of Health Sciences, Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Gallart-Palau
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- Proteored - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata (HUIPM), Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Serra
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida) - Neuroscience Area - University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV) - School of Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
- Proteored - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Kalaria RN, Sepulveda-Falla D. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Sporadic and Familial Alzheimer Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1888-1905. [PMID: 34331941 PMCID: PMC8573679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Biological definitions of AD are limited to the cerebral burden of amyloid β plaques, neurofibrillary pathology, and neurodegeneration. However, current evidence suggests that various features of small vessel disease (SVD) are part of and covertly modify both sporadic and familial AD. Neuroimaging studies suggest that white matter hyperintensities explained by vascular mechanisms occurs frequently in the AD spectrum. Recent advances have further emphasized that frontal periventricular and posterior white matter hyperintensities are associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy in familial AD. Although whether SVD markers precede the classically recognized biomarkers of disease is debatable, post-mortem studies show that SVD pathology incorporating small cortical and subcortical infarcts, microinfarcts, microbleeds, perivascular spacing, and white matter attenuation is commonly found in sporadic as well as in mutation carriers with confirmed familial AD. Age-related cerebral vessel pathologies such as arteriolosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy modify progression or worsen risk by shifting the threshold for cognitive impairment and AD dementia. The incorporation of SVD as a biomarker is warranted in the biological definition of AD. Therapeutic interventions directly reducing the burden of brain amyloid β have had no major impact on the disease or delaying cognitive deterioration, but lowering the risk of vascular disease seems the only rational approach to tackle both early- and late-onset AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh N Kalaria
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Human Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Diego Sepulveda-Falla
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Qin B, Hu XM, Su ZH, Zeng XB, Ma HY, Xiong K. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles: Research progress from isolation to application. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 226:153604. [PMID: 34500372 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the structures that all cells release into the environment. They are separated by a lipid bilayer and contain the cellular components that release them. To date, most studies have been performed on EVs derived from cell supernatants or different body fluids, while the number of studies on EV isolation directly from tissues is still limited. Studies of EV isolation directly from tissues may provide us with better information. This review summarizes the role of EV in the extracellular matrix, the protocol for isolation of EV in the tissue interstitium, and the application of the protocol in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-year Program, 02 Class, 17 Grade, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Hong-Ying Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Xialu District Guilin North Road No.16, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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16
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Harikumar A, Lim PSL, Nissim-Rafinia M, Park JE, Sze SK, Meshorer E. Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation Is Regulated by SET through Interactions with p53 and β-Catenin. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 15:1260-1274. [PMID: 33296674 PMCID: PMC7724474 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional histone chaperone, SET, is essential for embryonic development in the mouse. Previously, we identified SET as a factor that is rapidly downregulated during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation, suggesting a possible role in the maintenance of pluripotency. Here, we explore SET's function in early differentiation. Using immunoprecipitation coupled with protein quantitation by LC-MS/MS, we uncover factors and complexes, including P53 and β-catenin, by which SET regulates lineage specification. Knockdown for P53 in SET-knockout (KO) ESCs partially rescues lineage marker misregulation during differentiation. Paradoxically, SET-KO ESCs show increased expression of several Wnt target genes despite reduced levels of active β-catenin. Further analysis of RNA sequencing datasets hints at a co-regulatory relationship between SET and TCF proteins, terminal effectors of Wnt signaling. Overall, we discover a role for both P53 and β-catenin in SET-regulated early differentiation and raise a hypothesis for SET function at the β-catenin-TCF regulatory axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arigela Harikumar
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Patrick S L Lim
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Malka Nissim-Rafinia
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Jung Eun Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Eran Meshorer
- Department of Genetics, The Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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17
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Chen Y, Wang X, Guan L, Wang Y. Role of White Matter Hyperintensities and Related Risk Factors in Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081102. [PMID: 34439769 PMCID: PMC8391787 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) of presumed vascular origin are one of the imaging markers of cerebral small-vessel disease, which is prevalent in older individuals and closely associated with the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment. The heterogeneous nature of the imaging manifestations of WMHs creates difficulties for early detection and diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) associated with WMHs. Because the underlying pathological processes and biomarkers of WMHs and their development in cognitive impairment remain uncertain, progress in prevention and treatment is lagging. For this reason, this paper reviews the status of research on the features of WMHs related to VCI, as well as mediators associated with both WMHs and VCI, and summarizes potential treatment strategies for the prevention and intervention in WMHs associated with VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (Y.C.); (X.W.)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (Y.C.); (X.W.)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Ling Guan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (Y.C.); (X.W.)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (Y.C.); (X.W.)
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (Y.W.)
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18
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Koh YQ, Ng DQ, Ng CC, Boey A, Wei M, Sze SK, Ho HK, Acharya M, Limoli CL, Chan A. Extracellular Vesicle Proteome of Breast Cancer Patients with and Without Cognitive Impairment Following Anthracycline-based Chemotherapy: An Exploratory Study. Biomark Insights 2021; 16:11772719211018204. [PMID: 34103887 PMCID: PMC8150437 DOI: 10.1177/11772719211018204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment due to cancer and its therapy is a major concern among cancer patients and survivors. Extracellular vesicle (EVs) composition altered by cancer and chemotherapy may affect neurological processes such as neuroplasticity, potentially impacting the cognitive abilities of cancer patients and survivors. We investigated the EV proteome of breast cancer patients with and without cognitive impairment following anthracycline-based chemotherapy from longitudinally collected plasma. EVs were cup-shaped and positive for Flotillin-1 and TSG-101. We identified 517 differentially expressed EV proteins between the cognitive impaired and non-impaired groups during and post-chemotherapy. The observed decreased expression of p2X purinoceptor, cofilin-1, ADAM 10, and dynamin-1 in the plasma EVs of the cognitive impaired group may suggest alterations in the mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity. The reduced expression of tight junction proteins among cognitive-impaired patients may imply weakening of the blood-brain barrier. These EV protein signatures may serve as a fingerprint that underscores the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in cancer patients and survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin Koh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ding Quan Ng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chiu Chin Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Boey
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Wei
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Munjal Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Oncology Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
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A review on α-mangostin as a potential multi-target-directed ligand for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 897:173950. [PMID: 33607107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss, declining language skills and other cognitive disorders. AD has brought great mental and economic burden to patients, families and society. However due to the complexity of AD's pathology, drugs developed for the treatment of AD often fail in clinical or experimental trials. The main problems of current anti-AD drugs are low efficacy due to mono-target method or side effects, especially high hepatotoxicity. To tackle these two main problems, multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) based on "one molecule, multiple targets" has been studied. MTDLs can regulate multiple biological targets at the same time, so it has shown higher efficacy, better safety. As a natural active small molecule, α-mangostin (α-M) has shown potential multi-factor anti-AD activities in a series of studies, furthermore it also has a certain hepatoprotective effect. The good availability of α-M also provides support for its application in clinical research. In this work, multiple activities of α-M related to AD therapy were reviewed, which included anti-cholinesterase, anti-amyloid-cascade, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, low toxicity, hepatoprotective effects and drug formulation. It shows that α-M is a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Health and Disease: A Methodological Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031365. [PMID: 33573018 PMCID: PMC7866382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are double membrane structures released by presumably all cell types that transport and deliver lipids, proteins, and genetic material to near or distant recipient cells, thereby affecting their phenotype. The basic knowledge of their functions in healthy and diseased brain is still murky and many questions about their biology are unsolved. In neurological diseases, EVs are regarded as attractive biomarkers and as therapeutic tools due to their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). EVs have been successfully isolated from conditioned media of primary brain cells and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but protocols allowing for the direct study of pathophysiological events mediated or influenced by EVs isolated from brain have only recently been published. This review aims to give a brief overview of the current knowledge of EVs’ functions in the central nervous system (CNS) and the current protocols to isolate brain-derived EVs (BDEVs) used in different publications. By comparing the proteomic analysis of some of these publications, we also assess the influence of the isolation method on the protein content of BDEVs.
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21
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Quiroz-Baez R, Hernández-Ortega K, Martínez-Martínez E. Insights Into the Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles for the Identification of Early Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration. Front Neurol 2020; 11:580030. [PMID: 33362690 PMCID: PMC7759525 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.580030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Moreover, EVs have the capacity to modify the physiology of neuronal circuits by transferring proteins, RNA, lipids, and metabolites. The proteomic characterization of EVs (exosomes and microvesicles) from preclinical models and patient samples has the potential to reveal new proteins and molecular networks that affect the normal physiology prior to the appearance of traditional biomarkers of neurodegeneration. Noteworthy, many of the genetic risks associated to the development of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease affect the crosstalk between mitochondria, endosomes, and lysosomes. Recent research has focused on determining the role of endolysosomal trafficking in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Proteomic studies indicate an alteration of biogenesis and molecular content of EVs as a result of endolysosomal and autophagic dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the status of EV proteomic characterization and their usefulness in discovering new biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the challenges related to the failure to follow a standard isolation protocol and their implementation for a clinical setting, the analysis of EV proteomes has revealed the presence of key proteins with post-translational modifications that can be measured in peripheral fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Quiroz-Baez
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karina Hernández-Ortega
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Cell Communication & Extracellular Vesicles, Division of Basic Science, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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22
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Gallart-Palau X, Serra A, Sze SK. System-wide molecular dynamics of endothelial dysfunction in Gram-negative sepsis. BMC Biol 2020; 18:175. [PMID: 33234129 PMCID: PMC7687804 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation affecting whole organism vascular networks plays a central role in the progression and establishment of several human diseases, including Gram-negative sepsis. Although the molecular mechanisms that control inflammation of specific vascular beds have been partially defined, knowledge lacks on the impact of these on the molecular dynamics of whole organism vascular beds. In this study, we have generated an in vivo model by coupling administration of lipopolysaccharide with stable isotope labeling in mammals to mimic vascular beds inflammation in Gram-negative sepsis and to evaluate its effects on the proteome molecular dynamics. Proteome molecular dynamics of individual vascular layers (glycocalyx (GC), endothelial cells (EC), and smooth muscle cells (SMC)) were then evaluated by coupling differential systemic decellularization in vivo with unbiased systems biology proteomics. Results Our data confirmed the presence of sepsis-induced disruption of the glycocalyx, and we show for the first time the downregulation of essential molecular maintenance processes in endothelial cells affecting this apical vascular coating. Similarly, a novel catabolic phenotype was identified in the newly synthesized EC proteomes that involved the impairment of protein synthesis, which affected multiple cellular mechanisms, including oxidative stress, the immune system, and exacerbated EC-specific protein turnover. In addition, several endogenous molecular protective mechanisms involving the synthesis of novel antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory proteins were also identified as active in EC. The molecular dynamics of smooth muscle cells in whole organism vascular beds revealed similar patterns of impairment as those identified in EC, although this was observed to a lesser extent. Furthermore, the dynamics of protein posttranslational modifications showed disease-specific phosphorylation sites in the EC proteomes. Conclusions Together, the novel findings reported here provide a broader picture of the molecular dynamics that take place in whole organism vascular beds in Gram-negative sepsis inflammation. Similarly, the obtained data can pave the way for future therapeutic strategies aimed at intervening in specific protein synthesis mechanisms of the vascular unit during acute inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Gallart-Palau
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.,University Hospital Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Centro de investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food & Health Sciences Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, 8 Crta. Canto Blanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Proteored - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Serra
- IMDEA Food & Health Sciences Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, 8 Crta. Canto Blanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Proteored - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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23
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Salminen A. Hypoperfusion is a potential inducer of immunosuppressive network in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104919. [PMID: 33242538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which causes a non-reversible cognitive impairment and dementia. The primary cause of late-onset AD remains unknown although its pathology was discovered over a century ago. Recently, the vascular hypothesis of AD has received backing from evidence emerging from neuroimaging studies which have revealed the presence of a significant hypoperfusion in the brain regions vulnerable to AD pathology. In fact, hypoxia can explain many of the pathological changes evident in AD pathology, e.g. the deposition of β-amyloid plaques and chronic low-grade inflammation. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) stimulates inflammatory responses and modulates both innate and adaptive immunity. It is known that hypoxia-induced inflammation evokes compensatory anti-inflammatory response involving tissue-resident microglia/macrophages and infiltrated immune cells. Hypoxia/HIF-1α induce immunosuppression by (i) increasing the expression of immunosuppressive genes, (ii) stimulating adenosinergic signaling, (iii) enhancing aerobic glycolysis, i.e. lactate production, and (iv) augmenting the secretion of immunosuppressive exosomes. Interestingly, it seems that these common mechanisms are also involved in the pathogenesis of AD. In AD pathology, an enhanced immunosuppression appears, e.g. as a shift in microglia/macrophage phenotypes towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and an increase in the numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg). The augmented anti-inflammatory capacity promotes the resolution of acute inflammation but persistent inflammation has crucial effects not only on immune cells but also harmful responses to the homeostasis of AD brain. I will examine in detail the mechanisms of the hypoperfusion/hypoxia-induced immunosuppressive state in general and especially, in its association with AD pathogenesis. These immunological observations support the vascular hypothesis of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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24
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Villar-Vesga J, Henao-Restrepo J, Voshart DC, Aguillon D, Villegas A, Castaño D, Arias-Londoño JD, Zuhorn IS, Ribovski L, Barazzuol L, Cardona-Gómez GP, Posada-Duque R. Differential Profile of Systemic Extracellular Vesicles From Sporadic and Familial Alzheimer's Disease Leads to Neuroglial and Endothelial Cell Degeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:587989. [PMID: 33281599 PMCID: PMC7705379 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.587989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as mediators and biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. Two distinct forms of Alzheimer disease (AD) are known: a late-onset sporadic form (SAD) and an early-onset familial form (FAD). Recently, neurovascular dysfunction and altered systemic immunological components have been linked to AD neurodegeneration. Therefore, we characterized systemic-EVs from postmortem SAD and FAD patients and evaluated their effects on neuroglial and endothelial cells. We found increase CLN-5 spots with vesicular morphology in the abluminal portion of vessels from SAD patients. Both forms of AD were associated with larger and more numerous systemic EVs. Specifically, SAD patients showed an increase in endothelial- and leukocyte-derived EVs containing mitochondria; in contrast, FAD patients showed an increase in platelet-derived EVs. We detected a differential protein composition for SAD- and FAD-EVs associated with the coagulation cascade, inflammation, and lipid-carbohydrate metabolism. Using mono- and cocultures (endothelium-astrocytes-neurons) and human cortical organoids, we showed that AD-EVs induced cytotoxicity. Both forms of AD featured decreased neuronal branches area and astrocytic hyperreactivity, but SAD-EVs led to greater endothelial detrimental effects than FAD-EVs. In addition, FAD- and SAD-EVs affected calcium dynamics in a cortical organoid model. Our findings indicate that the phenotype of systemic AD-EVs is differentially defined by the etiopathology of the disease (SAD or FAD), which results in a differential alteration of the NVU cells implied in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Villar-Vesga
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julián Henao-Restrepo
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Daniëlle C Voshart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - David Aguillon
- Neurobank, Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andrés Villegas
- Neurobank, Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Castaño
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Inge S Zuhorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Laís Ribovski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gloria P Cardona-Gómez
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Rafael Posada-Duque
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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25
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Zhang L, Li D, Zhang J, Yan P, Liu X, Wang L, Khan A, Liu Z, Mu J, Xu J, Niu B, Xie J. Excessive apoptosis and ROS induced by ethionine affect neural cell viability and differentiation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1156-1165. [PMID: 33083831 PMCID: PMC7751163 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) diseases are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, which imposes heavy burden on the development of society. Ethionine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid having similar chemical structure and activity to that of methionine, with which it competes. Previous studies have confirmed that ethionine affects various cellular functions by inhibiting the biosynthesis of proteins, RNA, DNA, and phospholipids, or all of them. The relationship of ethionine with some CNS diseases, including neural tube defects, has been investigated recently. However, the detailed effects of ethionine on the nerve cell bioactivities and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. Herein, we systematically investigated the influences of ethionine on the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) and post-mitotic nerve cells. We demonstrated that ethionine inhibited cell viability by disrupting the balance between proliferation and apoptosis, prevented NSCs from differentiating into neurons and astrocytes, and blocked cell progression from G1 to S phase via reducing cyclin D1 function in nerve cells including NSCs, a mouse hippocampal neuron cell line (HT-22), and a mouse brain neuroma cell line (Neuro-2a). We speculated that the inhibitory effect of ethionine on cell viability and differentiation are associated with increased reactive oxygen species production. Our results also supported the concept that ethionine may be an underlying cause of abnormal folate metabolism-induced CNS diseases. Our findings may provide important direction for the application of abnormal folate metabolism-induced CNS diseases in future NSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jianbing Mu
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Bo Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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26
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Soares Martins T, Trindade D, Vaz M, Campelo I, Almeida M, Trigo G, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Henriques AG. Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomes in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 156:162-181. [PMID: 32618370 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by almost all cell types in physiological and pathological conditions. The exosomal potential to unravel disease mechanisms, or to be used as a source of biomarkers, is being explored, in particularly in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world and exosomes appear to have a relevant role in disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on exosome contributions to AD as well as their use as disease biomarker resources or therapeutic targets. The most recent findings with respect to both protein and miRNA biomarker candidates for AD, herein described, highlight the state of the art in this field and encourage the use of exosomes derived from biofluids in clinical practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Soares Martins
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dário Trindade
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Vaz
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Campelo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Martim Almeida
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Trigo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,The Discovery CTR, University of Aveiro Campus, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Gabriela Henriques
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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27
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Huang Y, Cheng L, Turchinovich A, Mahairaki V, Troncoso JC, Pletniková O, Haughey NJ, Vella LJ, Hill AF, Zheng L, Witwer KW. Influence of species and processing parameters on recovery and content of brain tissue-derived extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1785746. [PMID: 32944174 PMCID: PMC7480582 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1785746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes by shuttling material out of and between cells. Tissue EVs may thus lend insights into disease mechanisms and also betray disease when released into easily accessed biological fluids. Since brain-derived EVs (bdEVs) and their cargo may serve as biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases, we evaluated modifications to a published, rigorous protocol for separation of EVs from brain tissue and studied effects of processing variables on quantitative and qualitative outcomes. To this end, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation were compared as final separation steps in protocols involving stepped ultracentrifugation. bdEVs were separated from brain tissues of human, macaque, and mouse. Effects of tissue perfusion and a model of post-mortem interval (PMI) before final bdEV separation were probed. MISEV2018-compliant EV characterization was performed, and both small RNA and protein profiling were done. We conclude that the modified, SEC-employing protocol achieves EV separation efficiency roughly similar to a protocol using gradient density ultracentrifugation, while decreasing operator time and, potentially, variability. The protocol appears to yield bdEVs of higher purity for human tissues compared with those of macaque and, especially, mouse, suggesting opportunities for optimization. Where possible, perfusion should be performed in animal models. The interval between death/tissue storage/processing and final bdEV separation can also affect bdEV populations and composition and should thus be recorded for rigorous reporting. Finally, different populations of EVs obtained through the modified method reported herein display characteristic RNA and protein content that hint at biomarker potential. To conclude, this study finds that the automatable and increasingly employed technique of SEC can be applied to tissue EV separation, and also reveals more about the importance of species-specific and technical considerations when working with tissue EVs. These results are expected to enhance the use of bdEVs in revealing and understanding brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Andrey Turchinovich
- Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,SciBerg e.Kfm, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Mahairaki
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga Pletniková
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura J Vella
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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28
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in intercellular communication in normal cellular process and pathological conditions by facilitating the transport of cellular content from one cell to another. EVs as conveyors of various biological molecules with their ability to redirect effects on a target cell physiological function in cell type-specific manner makes EVs an excellent candidate for drug delivery vehicle in disease therapy. Moreover, unique characteristics and contents of EVs which differ depends on cellular origin and physiological state make them a valuable source of diagnostic biomarker. Herein, we review the current progress in extracellular vesicle (EV) analysis, its transition from biomedical research to advancing therapy, and recent pioneered approaches to characterize and quantify EVs' subclasses with an emphasis on the integration of advanced technologies for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of EVs in different clinical tissue/body fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arada Vinaiphat
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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29
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Exploring Extracellular Vesicles Biogenesis in Hypothalamic Cells through a Heavy Isotope Pulse/Trace Proteomic Approach. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051320. [PMID: 32466345 PMCID: PMC7291124 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the process of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secretion and lysosome status are linked. When the lysosome is under stress, the cells would secrete more EVs to maintain cellular homeostasis. However, the process that governs lysosomal activity and EVs secretion remains poorly defined and we postulated that certain proteins essential for EVs biogenesis are constantly synthesized and preferentially sorted to the EVs rather than the lysosome. A pulsed stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (pSILAC) based quantitative proteomics methodology was employed to study the preferential localization of the newly synthesized proteins into the EVs over lysosome in mHypoA 2/28 hypothalamic cell line. Through proteomic analysis, we found numerous newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes—such as the cathepsin proteins—that preferentially localize into the EVs over the lysosome. Chemical inhibition against cathepsin D promoted EVs secretion and a change in the EVs protein composition and therefore indicates its involvement in EVs biogenesis. In conclusion, we applied a heavy isotope pulse/trace proteomic approach to study EVs biogenesis in hypothalamic cells. The results demonstrated the regulation of EVs secretion by the cathepsin proteins that may serve as a potential therapeutic target for a range of neurological disorder associated with energy homeostasis.
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30
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Gallart-Palau X, Guo X, Serra A, Sze SK. Alzheimer's disease progression characterized by alterations in the molecular profiles and biogenesis of brain extracellular vesicles. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:54. [PMID: 32384937 PMCID: PMC7210691 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contributions of brain intercellular communication mechanisms, specifically extracellular vesicles (EV), to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain poorly understood. METHODS Here, we investigated the role(s) of brain EV in the progressive course of AD through unbiased proteome-wide analyses of temporal lobe-derived EV and proteome-label quantitation of complementary remaining brain portions. Furthermore, relevant proteins identified were further screened by multiple reaction monitoring. RESULTS Our data indicate that EV biogenesis was altered during preclinical AD with the genesis of a specific population of EV containing MHC class-type markers. The significant presence of the prion protein PrP was also manifested in these brain vesicles during preclinical AD. Similarly, sequestration of amyloid protein APP in brain EV coincided with the observed PrP patterns. In contrast, active incorporation of the mitophagy protein GABARAP in these brain vesicles was disrupted as AD progressed. Likewise, disrupted incorporation of LAMP1 in brain EV was evident from the initial manifestation of AD clinical symptoms, although the levels of the protein remained significantly upregulated in the temporal lobe of diseased brains. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that impaired autophagy in preclinical AD coincides with the appearance of proinflammatory and neuropathological features in brain extracellular vesicles, facts that moderately remain throughout the entire AD progression. Thus, these data highlight the significance of brain EV in the establishment of AD neuropathology and represent a further leap toward therapeutic interventions with these vesicles in human dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Gallart-Palau
- Division of Chemical Biology & BioTechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, 8 Crta. Canto Blanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xue Guo
- Division of Chemical Biology & BioTechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Aida Serra
- IMDEA-Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, 8 Crta. Canto Blanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- Division of Chemical Biology & BioTechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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Ferrer I, Andrés-Benito P. White matter alterations in Alzheimer's disease without concomitant pathologies. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:654-672. [PMID: 32255227 PMCID: PMC7754505 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aims Most individuals with AD neuropathological changes have co‐morbidities which have an impact on the integrity of the WM. This study analyses oligodendrocyte and myelin markers in the frontal WM in a series of AD cases without clinical or pathological co‐morbidities. Methods From a consecutive autopsy series, 206 cases had neuropathological changes of AD; among them, only 33 were AD without co‐morbidities. WM alterations were first evaluated in coronal sections of the frontal lobe in every case. Then, RT‐qPCR and immunohistochemistry were carried out in the frontal WM of AD cases without co‐morbidities to analyse the expression of selected oligodendrocyte and myelin markers. Results WM demyelination was more marked in AD with co‐morbidities when compared with AD cases without co‐morbidities. Regarding the later, mRNA expression levels of MBP, PLP1, CNP, MAG, MAL, MOG and MOBP were preserved at stages I–II/0–A when compared with middle‐aged (MA) individuals, but significantly decreased at stages III–IV/0–C. This was accompanied by reduced expression of NG2 and PDGFRA mRNA, reduced numbers of NG2‐, Olig2‐ and HDAC2‐immunoreactive cells and reduced glucose transporter immunoreactivity. Partial recovery of some of these markers occurred at stages V–VI/B–C. Conclusions The present observations demonstrate that co‐morbidities have an impact on WM integrity in the elderly and in AD, and that early alterations in oligodendrocytes and transcription of genes linked to myelin proteins in WM occur in AD cases without co‐morbidities. These are followed by partial recovery attempts at advanced stages. These observations suggest that oligodendrocytopathy is part of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Andrés-Benito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
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Adav SS, Sze SK. Hypoxia-Induced Degenerative Protein Modifications Associated with Aging and Age-Associated Disorders. Aging Dis 2020; 11:341-364. [PMID: 32257546 PMCID: PMC7069466 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable time-dependent decline of various physiological functions that finally leads to death. Progressive protein damage and aggregation have been proposed as the root cause of imbalance in regulatory processes and risk factors for aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxygen is a modulator of aging. The oxygen-deprived conditions (hypoxia) leads to oxidative stress, cellular damage and protein modifications. Despite unambiguous evidence of the critical role of spontaneous non-enzymatic Degenerative Protein Modifications (DPMs) such as oxidation, glycation, carbonylation, carbamylation, and deamidation, that impart deleterious structural and functional protein alterations during aging and age-associated disorders, the mechanism that mediates these modifications is poorly understood. This review summarizes up-to-date information and recent developments that correlate DPMs, aging, hypoxia, and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Despite numerous advances in the study of the molecular hallmark of aging, hypoxia, and degenerative protein modifications during aging and age-associated pathologies, a major challenge remains there to dissect the relative contribution of different DPMs in aging (either natural or hypoxia-induced) and age-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S Adav
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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33
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Li Q, Yang C, Zhang X, Yang Z, Zhang T. Arginine vasopressin attenuates dysfunction of hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion via V1a receptor. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Vinaiphat A, Sze SK. Clinical implications of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:813-824. [PMID: 31429341 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1657407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by neural cells play a crucial role in intracellular communication in both physiological and pathological states. Recent studies have shown that the neuropathogenic manifestation of many progressive nervous system diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's diseases (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These diseases are frequently found to be associated with the accumulation of misfolded proteins, exploit EVs for the spread of aggregates to naive cells in a prion-like mechanism. Therefore, characterization of EVs and understanding their mechanism of action could open a window of opportunity to discover biomarkers and therapeutic targets in a disease-specific manner. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the role of neural cells-derived EVs in normal and disease states. We also highlight their biomedical potential in modern medicine, including the use of circulating EVs as biomarkers for diagnosis with a special focus on newly-identified potential biomarkers in neurodegenerative disease, and novel methodologies in EVs isolation. Expert opinion: Systematic and comprehensive analysis of EVs in different biofluid sources is needed. Considering the potential for tremendous clinical benefits of EVs research in neurodegenerative disease, there is also an urgent need to standardize neural cells-derived EV enrichment protocols for consensus results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arada Vinaiphat
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore Singapore
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Dutta B, Huang J, To J, Tam JP. LIR Motif-Containing Hyperdisulfide β-Ginkgotide is Cytoprotective, Adaptogenic, and Scaffold-Ready. Molecules 2019; 24:E2417. [PMID: 31262066 PMCID: PMC6651024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Grafting a bioactive peptide onto a disulfide-rich scaffold is a promising approach to improve its structure and metabolic stability. The ginkgo plant-derived β-ginkgotide β-gB1 is a highly unusual molecule: Small, hyperdisulfide, and found only in selected ancient plants. It also contains a conserved 16-amino-acid core with three interlocking disulfides, as well as a six-amino-acid inter-cysteine loop 2 suitable for grafting peptide epitopes. However, very little is known about this recently-discovered family of molecules. Here, we report the biophysical and functional characterizations of the β-ginkgotide β-gB1 from G. biloba. A circular dichroism spectroscopy analysis at 90 °C and proteolytic treatments of β-gB1 supported that it is hyperstable. Data mining revealed that the β-gB1 loop 2 contains the canonical LC3 interacting region (LIR) motif crucial for selective autophagy. Cell-based assays and pull-down experiments showed that β-gB1 is an adaptogen, able to maintain cellular homeostasis through induced autophagosomes formation and to protect cells by targeting intracellular proteins from stress-mediated damage against hypoxia and the hypoxia-reoxygenation of induced cell death. This is the first report of an LIR-containing peptide natural product. Together, our results suggest that the plant-derived β-ginkgotide is cytoprotective, capable of targeting intracellular proteins, and holds promise as a hyperdisulfide scaffold for engineering peptidyl therapeutics with enhanced structural and metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamaprasad Dutta
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Jiayi Huang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Janet To
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - James P Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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Hase Y, Polvikoski TM, Ihara M, Hase M, Zafar R, Stevenson W, Allan LM, Ennaceur A, Horsburgh K, Gallart‐Palau X, Sze SK, Kalaria RN. Carotid artery disease in post‐stroke survivors and effects of enriched environment on stroke pathology in a mouse model of carotid artery stenosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 45:681-697. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Hase
- Neurovascular Research Group Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - T. M. Polvikoski
- Neurovascular Research Group Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - M. Ihara
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre Osaka Japan
| | - M. Hase
- Neurovascular Research Group Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - R. Zafar
- Neurovascular Research Group Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - W. Stevenson
- Neurovascular Research Group Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - L. M. Allan
- Neurovascular Research Group Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - A. Ennaceur
- Department of Pharmacy Sunderland Pharmacy School University of Sunderland Sunderland UK
| | - K. Horsburgh
- Centre for Neuroregeneration University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - X. Gallart‐Palau
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - S. K. Sze
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - R. N. Kalaria
- Neurovascular Research Group Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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