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Pinto MF, Sirina J, Holliday ND, McWhirter CL. High-throughput kinetics in drug discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:100170. [PMID: 38964171 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2024.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The importance of a drug's kinetic profile and interplay of structure-kinetic activity with PK/PD has long been appreciated in drug discovery. However, technical challenges have often limited detailed kinetic characterization of compounds to the latter stages of projects. This review highlights the advances that have been made in recent years in techniques, instrumentation, and data analysis to increase the throughput of detailed kinetic and mechanistic characterization, enabling its application earlier in the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filipa Pinto
- Artios Pharma Ltd, B940, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3FH, United Kingdom
| | - Julija Sirina
- Excellerate Bioscience Ltd, 21 The Triangle, NG2 Business Park, Nottingham, NG2 1AE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D Holliday
- Excellerate Bioscience Ltd, 21 The Triangle, NG2 Business Park, Nottingham, NG2 1AE, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L McWhirter
- Artios Pharma Ltd, B940, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3FH, United Kingdom.
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2
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Imamura K, Akagi KI, Miyanoiri Y, Tsujimoto H, Hirokawa T, Ashida H, Murakami K, Inoue A, Suno R, Ikegami T, Sekiyama N, Iwata S, Kobayashi T, Tochio H. Interaction modes of human orexin 2 receptor with selective and nonselective antagonists studied by NMR spectroscopy. Structure 2024; 32:352-361.e5. [PMID: 38194963 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Orexin neuropeptides have many physiological roles in the sleep-wake cycle, feeding behavior, reward demands, and stress responses by activating cognitive receptors, the orexin receptors (OX1R and OX2R), distributed in the brain. There are only subtle differences between OX1R and OX2R in the orthosteric site, which has hindered the rational development of subtype-selective antagonists. In this study, we utilized solution-state NMR to capture the structural plasticity of OX2R labeled with 13CH3-ε-methionine in complex with antagonists. Mutations in the orthosteric site allosterically affected the intracellular tip of TM6. Ligand exchange experiments with the subtype-selective EMPA and the nonselective suvorexant identified three methionine residues that were substantially perturbed. The NMR spectra suggested that the suvorexant-bound state exhibited more structural plasticity than the EMPA-bound state, which has not been foreseen from the close similarity of their crystal structures, providing insights into dynamic features to be considered in understanding the ligand recognition mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Imamura
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Akagi
- Section of Laboratory Equipment, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyanoiri
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsujimoto
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hideo Ashida
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kaori Murakami
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryoji Suno
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ikegami
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naotaka Sekiyama
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - So Iwata
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Hidehito Tochio
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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3
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Glen A, Bürli RW, Livermore D, Buffham W, Merison S, Rowland AE, Newman R, Fieldhouse C, Miller DJ, Dawson LA, Matthews K, Carlton MB, Brice NL. Discovery and first-time disclosure of CVN766, an exquisitely selective orexin 1 receptor antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 100:129629. [PMID: 38295907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Modulators of orexin receptors are being developed for neurological illnesses such as sleep disorders, addictive behaviours and other psychiatric diseases. We herein describe the discovery of CVN766, a potent orexin 1 receptor antagonist that has greater than 1000-fold selectivity for the orexin 1 receptor over the orexin 2 receptor and demonstrates low off target hits in a diversity screen. In agreement with its in vitro ADME data, CVN766 demonstrated moderate in vivo clearance in rodents and displayed good brain permeability and target occupancy. This drug candidate is currently being investigated in clinical trials for schizophrenia and related psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Glen
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Roland W Bürli
- Cerevance Ltd, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - David Livermore
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - William Buffham
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Stephanie Merison
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Anna E Rowland
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK; Cerevance Ltd, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Robert Newman
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK; Cerevance Ltd, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Charlotte Fieldhouse
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - David J Miller
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Lee A Dawson
- Cerevance Ltd, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Kim Matthews
- Cerevance Ltd, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Mark B Carlton
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK; Cerevance Ltd, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Nicola L Brice
- Takeda Cambridge Ltd., 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK; Cerevance Ltd, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK.
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4
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Coleman P, de Lecea L, Gotter A, Hagan J, Hoyer D, Kilduff T, Kukkonen JP, Porter R, Renger J, Siegel JM, Sutcliffe G, Upton N, Winrow CJ. Orexin receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.3. IUPHAR/BPS GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY CITE 2021; 2021. [PMID: 34927075 DOI: 10.2218/gtopdb/f51/2021.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Orexin receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Orexin receptors [42]) are activated by the endogenous polypeptides orexin-A and orexin-B (also known as hypocretin-1 and -2; 33 and 28 aa) derived from a common precursor, preproorexin or orexin precursor, by proteolytic cleavage and some typical peptide modifications [109]. Currently the only orexin receptor ligands in clinical use are suvorexant and lemborexant, which are used as hypnotics. Orexin receptor crystal structures have been solved [134, 133, 54, 117, 46].
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Regulatory Role of Orexin in the Antistress Effect of "Press Tack Needle" Acupuncture Treatment. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050503. [PMID: 33925438 PMCID: PMC8146164 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the antistress effect of press tack needle (PTN) acupuncture treatment using rats with social isolation stress (SIS). Rats were divided into non-stress group (Grouped+sham), stress group (SIS+sham), and PTN-treated SIS group (SIS+PTN). Rats in the SIS+PTN and SIS+sham groups were housed alone for eight days. For the SIS+PTN group, a PTN (length, 0.3 or 1.2 mm) was fixed on the GV20 acupoint on day 7. We measured stress behavior based on the time the rats showed aggressive behavior and the levels of plasma corticosterone and orexin A on day 8. In addition, the orexin-1 receptor or orexin-2 receptor antagonist was administered to rats that were exposed to SIS. The duration of aggressive behavior was significantly prolonged in the SIS+sham group, and the prolonged duration was inhibited in the SIS+PTN (1.2 mm) group. The levels of plasma corticosterone and orexin A were significantly increased in the SIS+sham group; however, these increases were inhibited in the SIS+PTN group. The aggressive behavior was significantly reduced after the orexin-2 receptor antagonist was administered. These findings suggest that PTN treatment at GV20 may have an antistress effect, and the control of orexin is a mechanism underlying this phenomenon.
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Rasouli B, Rashvand M, Mousavi Z, Haghparast A. Role of orexin receptors within the dentate gyrus in antinociception induced by chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in an animal model of inflammatory pain. Peptides 2020; 134:170401. [PMID: 32891686 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a complex experience consisting of sensory, affective-motivational, and cognitive dimensions. Hence, identifying the multiple neural pathways subserving these functional aspects is a valuable task. The role of dentate gyrus (DG) as a relay station of neocortical afferents in the hippocampal formation (HF) in persistent pain is still controversial. The lateral hypothalamus (LH)-HF neural circuits are involved in numerous situations such as anxiety-like behavior, reward processing, feeding, orofacial as well as acute pain. Nonetheless, to our knowledge, the involvement of the LH-DG neural circuit in persistent pain has already remained unexplored. Adult male Wistar rats weighing 220-250 g were undergone stereotaxic surgery for unilateral implantation of two separate cannulae into the LH and DG. Intra-DG administration of the orexin-1 (OX1) and orexin-2 (OX2) receptor antagonists, SB334867 and TCS OX2 29, respectively, was performed 5 min before intra-LH microinjection of carbachol. Animals were then undergone the formalin test using 50 μl formalin injection (2.5%) into the plantar surface of the hind paw. Microinjection of SB334867 or TCS OX2 29 into the DG region attenuated the antinociceptive effect produced by carbachol microinjection into the LH. The preventive effect of SB334867 and TCS OX2 29 on intra-LH carbachol-induced antinociception was approximately equal in both early and late phases of formalin nociception. The results suggest a neural pathway from the LH to the DG, which contributes to the modulation of formalin-induced inflammatory pain through the recruitment of OX1 and OX2 receptors within the DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Rasouli
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Rashvand
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Khodabande F, Akbari E, Ardeshiri MR. The modulation of the spatial reference memory by the orexinergic system of the dorsal raphe nucleus. Life Sci 2020; 265:118777. [PMID: 33220293 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is a brainstem nucleus involved in the pathophysiology of the depression, through its serotoninergic innervation. Furthermore, depressive symptoms in patients are also associated with some memory and sleep complaints. Anatomical evidence confirmed the presence of projections from the lateral hypothalamus to serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). These projection fibers release orexin neuropeptides which play roles in the spatial memory. Both of the orexinergic receptors are widely distributed in dorsal raphe nucleus. Therefore, the present work was aimed to assess the probable roles of orexin 1 and 2 receptors using an orexin 1 receptor antagonist, SB-334867-A, and an orexin 2 receptor antagonist, TCS-OX2-29 in the DRN on the retrieval, and consolidation phases of spatial reference memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) task. The results demonstrated that blocking orexin 1 receptors in the DRN impairs the process of memory consolidation in the spatial MWM via increasing in the time of the escape latency of the probe day. Blocking these receptors did not affect the retrieval phase of MWM learning. Furthermore, blocking of the orexin 2 receptors in this area did not affect neither consolidation nor retrieval phases of the memory. In conclusion, orexin 1 receptors in the DRN play major roles in the consolidation of the spatial reference memory in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Khodabande
- Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Akbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Motahareh Rouhi Ardeshiri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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8
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Structure-based development of a subtype-selective orexin 1 receptor antagonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18059-18067. [PMID: 32669442 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002704117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexins are neuropeptides that activate the rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors OX1R and OX2R. The orexin system plays an important role in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle and the regulation of feeding and emotions. The nonselective orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant has been the first drug on the market targeting the orexin system and is prescribed for the treatment of insomnia. Subtype-selective OX1R antagonists are valuable tools to further investigate the functions and physiological role of the OX1R in vivo and promising lead compounds for the treatment of drug addiction, anxiety, pain or obesity. Starting from the OX1R and OX2R crystal structures bound to suvorexant, we exploited a single amino acid difference in the orthosteric binding site by using molecular docking and structure-based drug design to optimize ligand interactions with the OX1R while introducing repulsive interactions with the OX2R. A newly established enantiospecific synthesis provided ligands showing up to 75-fold selectivity for the OX1R over the OX2R subtype. The structure of a new OX1R antagonist with subnanomolar affinity (JH112) was determined by crystallography in complex with the OX1R and corresponded closely to the docking-predicted geometry. JH112 exhibits high selectivity over a panel of different GPCRs, is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and acts as slowly diffusing and insurmountable antagonist for Gq protein activation and in particular β-arrestin-2 recruitment at OX1R. This study demonstrates the potential of structure-based drug design to develop more subtype-selective GPCR ligands with potentially reduced side effects and provides an attractive probe molecule and lead compound.
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9
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Liu C, Xia L, Fu K, Cao X, Yan W, Cheng J, Roux T, Peletier LA, Yin X, Guo D. Revisit ligand-receptor interaction at the human vasopressin V 2 receptor: A kinetic perspective. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 880:173157. [PMID: 32360346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vasopressin V2 receptor belongs to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and is a potential drug target for water balance disorders such as polycystic kidney disease. Traditionally, the discovery of novel agents for the vasopressin V2 receptor has been guided by evaluating their receptor affinity, largely ignoring the binding kinetics. However, the latter is receiving increasing attention in the drug research community and has been proved to be a more complete descriptor of the dynamic process of ligand-receptor interaction. Herein we aim to revisit the molecular basis of ligand-vasopressin V2 receptor interaction from the less-investigated kinetic perspective. A homogenous time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay was set up and optimized, which enabled accurate kinetic profiling of unlabeled vasopressin V2 receptor ligands. Receptor occupancy profiles of two representative antagonists with distinct target residence time were simulated. Their functional effects were further explored in cAMP assays. Our results showed that the antagonist with longer receptor residence time (lixivaptan) displayed sustained target occupancy than the antagonist with shorter receptor residence time (mozavaptan). In accordance, lixivaptan displayed insurmountable antagonism and wash-resistant inhibitory effect on the cellular cAMP level, while not so for mozavaptan. Together, our data provide evidence that binding kinetics, next to their affinity, offers additional information for the dynamic process of ligand-receptor interaction. Hopefully, this study may lead to more kinetics-directed medicinal chemistry efforts and aid the design and discovery of different-in-class of vasopressin V2 receptor ligands for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunji Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leyi Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kequan Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xudong Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenzhong Yan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Thomas Roux
- Cisbio Bioassays, Parc Marcel Boiteux, BP 84175, 30200, Codolet, France
| | - Lambertus A Peletier
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9512, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Pan YP, Liu C, Liu MF, Wang Y, Bian K, Xue Y, Chen L. Involvement of orexin-A in the regulation of neuronal activity and emotional behaviors in central amygdala in rats. Neuropeptides 2020; 80:102019. [PMID: 31980205 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala is a complex structure involved in the regulation of emotional behaviors including fear and anxiety. The central amygdala is the main output of the amygdala and plays an important role in emotional processing. Recent studies indicate that orexin, a kind of neuropeptides responsible for maintaining wakefulness, is also associated with emotion-related behaviors, such as depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Central amygdala receives orexinergic fibers originating from the lateral hypothalamus and expresses OX1 receptors in rats. To test the electrophysiological and behavioral effects of orexins in the central amygdala, single unit in vivo extracellular recordings, open field and elevated plus maze tests were performed in rats. Micro-pressure administration of orexin-A (0.01 mmol/L) increased the firing rate in 18 out of the 31 central amygdala neurons, while the other 13 neurons were not excited by orexin-A. The excitatory effects of orexin-A on central amygdala neurons were mainly mediated by OX1 receptors rather than OX2 receptors. Orexin-B (0.01 mmol/L) did not change the firing activity in all recorded central amygdala neurons. Selectively blocking OX1 receptors by SB-334867 (0.01 mmol/L) significantly decreased the spontaneous firing rate in 14 out of the 33 central amygdala neurons, leaving the remaining 19 neurons were not affected. However, blocking OX2 receptors by TCS-OX2-29 (0.01 mmol/L) did not change the firing activity. Finally, both open field test and elevated plus maze test showed that bilateral microinjection of orexin-A into the central amygdala induced significantly anxiolytic-like behaviors. The specific OX1 receptor antagonist tended to produce opposite effects although there was no statistical difference. The present electrophysiological and behavioral studies suggested that orexin-A participates in anxiety-like behaviors by modulating the spontaneous firing activity of central amygdala neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Peng Pan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei-Fang Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kang Bian
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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11
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The importance of target binding kinetics for measuring target binding affinity in drug discovery: a case study from a CRF1 receptor antagonist program. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Matzeu A, Martin-Fardon R. Targeting the orexin system for prescription opioid use disorder: Orexin-1 receptor blockade prevents oxycodone taking and seeking in rats. Neuropharmacology 2019; 164:107906. [PMID: 31841797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prescription opioids, such as oxycodone, are potent analgesics that are used to treat and manage pain. However, oxycodone is one of the most commonly abused prescription drugs. Finding an effective strategy to prevent prescription opioid use disorder is urgent. Orexin receptors (OrxR1 and OrxR2) have been implicated in the regulation of motivation, arousal, and stress, making them possible targets for the treatment of substance use disorder. To study the significance of environmental stimuli in maintaining the vulnerability to relapse to oxycodone use, resistance to the extinction of oxycodone-seeking behavior that was elicited by an oxycodone-related stimulus was examined. Rats were trained to self-administer oxycodone in the presence of a contextual/discriminative stimulus (SD). Using this procedure, the rats readily acquired oxycodone self-administration and exhibited increases in physical signs of opioid withdrawal. Following extinction, response-reinstating effects of re-exposure to the SD perseverated. We then tested whether OrxR blockade prevents oxycodone intake and relapse. The effects of the OrxR1 antagonist SB334867 and OrxR2 antagonist TCSOX229 on oxycodone self-administration were tested. SB334867 significantly decreased oxycodone self-administration, whereas TCSOX229 did not produce any effect. To investigate whether OrxR1 and OrxR2 blockade prevents oxycodone seeking, the rats were tested for the ability of SB334867 and TCSOX229 to prevent the SD-induced conditioned reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking behavior. SB334867 decreased oxycodone-seeking behavior, whereas TCSOX229 was ineffective. These results suggest that OrxR1 antagonism prevents excessive prescription opioid use and relapse and might be beneficial for the treatment of prescription opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Matzeu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Rémi Martin-Fardon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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13
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Fyfe TJ, Kellam B, Sykes DA, Capuano B, Scammells PJ, Lane JR, Charlton SJ, Mistry SN. Structure-Kinetic Profiling of Haloperidol Analogues at the Human Dopamine D 2 Receptor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9488-9520. [PMID: 31580666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic drug (APD) associated with an increased risk of extrapyramidal side effects (EPSs) and hyperprolactinemia relative to atypical APDs such as clozapine. Both drugs are dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) antagonists, with contrasting kinetic profiles. Haloperidol displays fast association/slow dissociation at the D2R, whereas clozapine exhibits relatively slow association/fast dissociation. Recently, we have provided evidence that slow dissociation from the D2R predicts hyperprolactinemia, whereas fast association predicts EPS. Unfortunately, clozapine can cause severe side effects independent of its D2R action. Our results suggest an optimal kinetic profile for D2R antagonist APDs that avoids EPS. To begin exploring this hypothesis, we conducted a structure-kinetic relationship study of haloperidol and revealed that subtle structural modifications dramatically change binding kinetic rate constants, affording compounds with a clozapine-like kinetic profile. Thus, optimization of these kinetic parameters may allow development of novel APDs based on the haloperidol scaffold with improved side-effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J Fyfe
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Barrie Kellam
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - David A Sykes
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K.,Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K
| | | | | | - J Robert Lane
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K.,Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K
| | - Steven J Charlton
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K.,Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K.,Excellerate Bioscience Ltd., BioCity , Nottingham NG1 1GF , U.K
| | - Shailesh N Mistry
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
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14
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Chen Y, Guo Y, Yan X, Zeng M, Chen H, Qiu D, Wang J. Orexin-A Excites Airway Vagal Preganglionic Neurons via Activation of Orexin Receptor Type 1 and Type 2 in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:478. [PMID: 31708749 PMCID: PMC6819310 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway vagal nerves play a predominant role in the neural control of the airway, and augmented airway vagal activity is known to play important roles in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Several lines of evidence indicate that dysfunctional central orexinergic system is closely related to the severity of airway diseases, however, whether orexins affect airway vagal activity is unknown. This study investigates whether and how orexin-A regulates the activity of medullary airway vagal preganglionic neurons (AVPNs). The expression of orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R) was examined using immunofluorescent staining. The effects of orexin-A on functionally identified inspiratory-activated AVPNs (IA-AVPNs), which are critical in the control of airway smooth muscle, were examined using patch-clamp in medullary slices of neonatal rats. Airway vagal response to injection of orexin-A into the magna cisterna was examined using plethysmography in juvenile rats. The results show that retrogradely labeled AVPNs were immunoreactive to anti-OX1R antibody and anti-OX2R antibody. Orexin-A dose-dependently depolarized IA-AVPNs and increased their firing rate. In synaptically isolated IA-AVPNs, the depolarization induced by orexin-A was blocked partially by OX1R antagonist SB-334867 or OX2R antagonist TCS OX2 29 alone, and completely by co-application of both antagonists. The orexin-A-induced depolarization was also mostly blocked by Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibitor KB-R7943. Orexin-A facilitated the glutamatergic, glycinergic and GABAergic inputs to IA-AVPNs, and the facilitation of each type of input was blocked partially by SB-334867 or TCS OX2 29 alone, and completely by co-application of both antagonists. Injection of orexin-A into the magna cisterna of juvenile rats significantly increased the inspiratory and expiratory resistance of the airway and consequently decreased the dynamic compliance of the lungs, all of which were prevented by atropine sulfate or bilateral vagotomy. These results demonstrate that orexin-A excites IA-AVPNs via activation of both OX1R and OX2R, and suggest that increased central synthesis/release of orexins might participate in the pathogenesis of airway diseases via over-activation of AVPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianxia Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongying Qiu
- Department of Gerontology, Fudan University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijiang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Mocking TAM, Buzink MCML, Leurs R, Vischer HF. Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Based G Protein-Activation Assay to Probe Duration of Antagonism at the Histamine H 3 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153724. [PMID: 31366084 PMCID: PMC6695674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Duration of receptor antagonism, measured as the recovery of agonist responsiveness, is gaining attention as a method to evaluate the 'effective' target-residence for antagonists. These functional assays might be a good alternative for kinetic binding assays in competition with radiolabeled or fluorescent ligands, as they are performed on intact cells and better reflect consequences of dynamic cellular processes on duration of receptor antagonism. Here, we used a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assay that monitors heterotrimeric G protein activation via scavenging of released Venus-Gβ1γ2 by NanoLuc (Nluc)-tagged membrane-associated-C-terminal fragment of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (masGRK3ct-Nluc) as a tool to probe duration of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) antagonism. The Gαi-coupled histamine H3 receptor (H3R) was used in this study as prolonged antagonism is associated with adverse events (e.g., insomnia) and consequently, short-residence time ligands might be preferred. Due to its fast and prolonged response, this assay can be used to determine the duration of functional antagonism by measuring the recovery of agonist responsiveness upon washout of pre-bound antagonist, and to assess antagonist re-equilibration time via Schild-plot analysis. Re-equilibration of pre-incubated antagonist with agonist and receptor could be followed in time to monitor the transition from insurmountable to surmountable antagonism. The BRET-based G protein activation assay can detect differences in the recovery of H3R responsiveness and re-equilibration of pre-bound antagonists between the tested H3R antagonists. Fast dissociation kinetics were observed for marketed drug pitolisant (Wakix®) in this assay, which suggests that short residence time might be beneficial for therapeutic targeting of the H3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara A M Mocking
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice C M L Buzink
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry F Vischer
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Wang L, Gu Y, Zhang J, Gong L. Effects of Sleep Deprivation (SD) on Rats via ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2886-2895. [PMID: 31002658 PMCID: PMC6486800 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep deprivation (SD) is common in humans, and sleep loss has a significant influence on health and produces related diseases. Orexin-A has been demonstrated to play a role in physiological processes, including feeding, sleep/wake cycle, and energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SD on rats and to define the underlying mechanism. Material/Methods We constructed an SD rat model. The Morris water maze test was used to assess rat learning and memory. Imaging of hippocampus and hippocampal tissue in rats were captured by magnetic resonance imaging or electron microscopy. We used the CCK-8 kit to assess cell viability. The level of protein was measured using Western blot analysis, and qRT-PCR was used to evaluate mRNA level. Results SD rats had poorer learning and memory and had damage to the hippocampus. SD resulted in shrinkage of hippocampal volume and encephalocele size. SD increased the expression of Orexin-A, OX1R, OX2R, and PARP-1, and decreased the expression of ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2. Orexin-A (0–10 μM) improved neuron viability, whereas orexin-A (10–100 μM) attenuated neuron viability. SB334867 treatment reduced the viability of neurons treated with orexin-A. NU1025 treatment increased cell viability, especially in neurons treated with orexin-A. SB334867 treatment decreased the p-ERK1/2 levels in neurons treated with orexin-A. NU1025 increased the expression of p-ERK1/2 in neurons treated with orexin-A. Conclusions SD decreases learning and memory through damage to the hippocampus. Higher concentrations of orexin-A had a major negative effect on hippocampal neurons via OX1R and PARP-1 through inhibition of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Youyi Gu
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
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17
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Turku A, Leino TO, Karhu L, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Kukkonen JP, Wallén EAA, Xhaard H. Structure-Activity Relationships of 1-Benzoylazulenes at the OX 1 and OX 2 Orexin Receptors. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:965-981. [PMID: 30892823 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the potential of di- or trisubstituted azulenes as ligands (potentiators, weak agonists, and antagonists) of the orexin receptors. In this study we investigated 27 1-benzoylazulene derivatives, uncovering seven potentiators of the orexin response on OX1 and two weak dual orexin receptor agonists. For potentiators, replacement of the azulene scaffold by indole retained the activity of four out of six compounds. The structure-activity relationships for agonism and potentiation can be summarized into a bicyclic aromatic ring system substituted with two hydrogen-bond acceptors (1-position, benzoyl; 6-position, carboxyl/ester) within 7-8 Å of each other; a third acceptor at the 3-position is also well tolerated. The same pharmacophoric signature is found in the preferred conformations of the orexin receptor agonist Nag26 from molecular dynamics simulations. Subtle changes switch the activity between weak agonism and potentiation, suggesting overlapping binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainoleena Turku
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teppo O Leino
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lasse Karhu
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki P Kukkonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik A A Wallén
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henri Xhaard
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Riddy DM, Cook AE, Shackleford DM, Pierce TL, Mocaer E, Mannoury la Cour C, Sors A, Charman WN, Summers RJ, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A, Langmead CJ. Drug-receptor kinetics and sigma-1 receptor affinity differentiate clinically evaluated histamine H 3 receptor antagonists. Neuropharmacology 2019; 144:244-255. [PMID: 30359639 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) drug target that is highly expressed in the CNS, where it acts as both an auto- and hetero-receptor to regulate neurotransmission. As such, it has been considered as a relevant target in disorders as varied as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, neuropathic pain and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A range of competitive antagonists/inverse agonists have progressed into clinical development, with pitolisant approved for the treatment of narcolepsy. Given the breadth of compounds developed and potential therapeutic indications, we assessed the comparative pharmacology of six investigational histamine H3 agents, including pitolisant, using native tissue and recombinant cells. Whilst all of the compounds tested displayed robust histamine H3 receptor inverse agonism and did not differentiate between the main H3 receptor splice variants, they displayed a wide range of affinities and kinetic properties, and included rapidly dissociating (pitolisant, S 38093-2, ABT-239) and slowly dissociating (GSK189254, JNJ-5207852, PF-3654746) agents. S 38093-2 had the lowest histamine H3 receptor affinity (pKB values 5.7-6.2), seemingly at odds with previously reported, potent in vivo activity in models of cognition. We show here that at pro-cognitive and anti-hyperalgesic/anti-allodynic doses, S 38093-2 preferentially occupies the mouse sigma-1 receptor in vivo, only engaging the histamine H3 receptor at doses associated with wakefulness promotion and neurotransmitter (histamine, ACh) release. Furthermore, pitolisant, ABT-239 and PF-3654746 also displayed appreciable sigma-1 receptor affinity, suggesting that this property differentiates clinically evaluated histamine H3 receptor antagonists and may play a role in their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Riddy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna E Cook
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David M Shackleford
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracie L Pierce
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Mocaer
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, 50 Rue Carnot, 92284, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Aurore Sors
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, 50 Rue Carnot, 92284, Suresnes, France
| | - William N Charman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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19
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Chan HCS, Pan L, Li Y, Yuan S. Rationalization of stereoselectivity in enzyme reactions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. C. Stephen Chan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw Warszawa Poland
- Faculty of Life Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK
| | - Lu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology University of Southern California Los Angeles California
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw Warszawa Poland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
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20
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De Benedetti PG, Fanelli F. Computational modeling approaches to quantitative structure-binding kinetics relationships in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1396-1406. [PMID: 29574212 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple comparative correlation analyses and quantitative structure-kinetics relationship (QSKR) models highlight the interplay of kinetic rates and binding affinity as an essential feature in drug design and discovery. The choice of the molecular series, and their structural variations, used in QSKR modeling is fundamental to understanding the mechanistic implications of ligand and/or drug-target binding and/or unbinding processes. Here, we discuss the implications of linear correlations between kinetic rates and binding affinity constants and the relevance of the computational approaches to QSKR modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier G De Benedetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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21
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Sun Y, Dai C, Yin M, Lu J, Hu H, Chen D. Hepatocellular carcinoma-targeted effect of configurations and groups of glycyrrhetinic acid by evaluation of its derivative-modified liposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1621-1632. [PMID: 29588589 PMCID: PMC5862014 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s153944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are abundant glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) receptors on the cellular membrane of hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The receptor binding effect might be related to the structure of the guiding molecule. GA exists in two stereoisomers with C3-hydroxyl and C11-carbonyl active groups. Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the HCC-targeted effect and the configurations and groups of GA. Methods and results Different GA derivatives (18β-GA, 18α-GA, 3-acetyl-18β-GA [3-Ace-GA] and 11-deoxy-18β-GA [11-Deo-GA]) were used to investigate the targeting effect of GA’s configurations and groups on HCC cells. The EC50 values of competition to binding sites and the ratio of specific binding in HepG2 cells showed that 18β-GA and 3-Ace-GA demonstrated significant competitive effect with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled GA. Then, the GA derivatives were distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE)-PEGylated. 18β-GA-, 18α-GA-, 3-Ace-GA-and 11-Deo-GA-modified liposomes were prepared and characterized by size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, leakage and membrane stability. Evaluation on the cellular location in vitro and tumor targeting in vivo was carried out. Compared to common long-circulation liposome (PEG-Lip), more 18β-GA- and 3-Ace-GA-modified liposomes aggregated around HepG2 cells in vitro in short time and transferred into HCC tumors in vivo for a longer time. Conclusion The β-configuration hydrogen atom on C18 position of GA played the most important role on the targeting effect. C11-carbonyl and C3-hydroxy groups of GA have certain and little influence on targeting action to HCC, respectively. In general, GA might be a promising targeting molecule for the research on liver diseases and hepatoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunmei Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Meilin Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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22
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Hoare SRJ, Pierre N, Moya AG, Larson B. Kinetic operational models of agonism for G-protein-coupled receptors. J Theor Biol 2018; 446:168-204. [PMID: 29486201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of kinetics to research and therapeutic development of G-protein-coupled receptors has become increasingly valuable. Pharmacological models provide the foundation of pharmacology, providing concepts and measurable parameters such as efficacy and potency that have underlain decades of successful drug discovery. Currently there are few pharmacological models that incorporate kinetic activity in such a way as to yield experimentally-accessible drug parameters. In this study, a kinetic model of pharmacological response was developed that provides a kinetic descriptor of efficacy (the transduction rate constant, kτ) and allows measurement of receptor-ligand binding kinetics from functional data. The model assumes: (1) receptor interacts with a precursor of the response ("Transduction potential") and converts it to the response. (2) The response can decay. Familiar response vs time plots emerge, depending on whether transduction potential is depleted and/or response decays. These are the straight line, the "association" exponential curve, and the rise-and-fall curve. Convenient, familiar methods are described for measuring the model parameters and files are provided for the curve-fitting program Prism (GraphPad Software) that can be used as a guide. The efficacy parameter kτ is straightforward to measure and accounts for receptor reserve; all that is required is measurement of response over time at a maximally-stimulating concentration of agonist. The modular nature of the model framework allows it to be extended. Here this is done to incorporate antagonist-receptor binding kinetics and slow agonist-receptor equilibration. In principle, the modular framework can incorporate other cellular processes, such as receptor desensitization. The kinetic response model described here can be applied to measure kinetic pharmacological parameters than can be used to advance the understanding of GPCR pharmacology and optimize new and improved therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R J Hoare
- Pharmechanics, LLC, 14 Sunnyside Drive South, Owego NY 13827, USA.
| | | | | | - Brad Larson
- BioTek Instruments, Inc, 100 Tigan Street, Winooski, VT 05404, USA
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23
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Hoare SR. Receptor binding kinetics equations: Derivation using the Laplace transform method. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018; 89:26-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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24
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Crystal Structures of Human Orexin 2 Receptor Bound to the Subtype-Selective Antagonist EMPA. Structure 2018; 26:7-19.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Farahimanesh S, Zarrabian S, Haghparast A. Role of orexin receptors in the ventral tegmental area on acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in the rats. Neuropeptides 2017; 66:45-51. [PMID: 28890208 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The orexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides and their role in reward processing and drug addiction has been demonstrated. The extent of involvement of each orexin receptor in the acquisition and expression of conditioned place preference (CPP) for morphine is still a matter of controversy. We investigated the functional differences between orexin-1 and -2 receptor blockade in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on the acquisition and expression of morphine CPP. A total of 86 adult male Wistar rats weighing 250±30g (age 7-8weeks) received intra-VTA microinjection of either SB334867 (0.1, 1 and 10nM), a selective orexin-1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist, or TCS-OX2-29 (1, 5 and 25nM), a selective orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) antagonist. To measure the acquisition, the animals received each antagonist (SB334867 or TCS-OX2-29) 5min prior to subcutaneous injection of morphine (5mg/kg) during the conditioning phase. To measure the CPP expression, the animals received each antagonist on the post-conditioning phase. The CPP conditioning score was recorded by Ethovision software. Data showed that intra-VTA microinjection of OX1-R antagonist significantly attenuated morphine CPP acquisition, during the conditioning phase, and expression, during the post-conditioning phase. Intra-VTA microinjection of OX2-R antagonist also significantly attenuated morphine CPP acquisition and expression in the mentioned phases. Our results showed the orexin role in learning and memory and indicate that orexin receptors (OX1R and OX2R) function in the VTA is essential for both acquisition and expression of morphine reward in rats in the CPP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Farahimanesh
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Zarrabian
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Coleman PJ, Gotter AL, Herring WJ, Winrow CJ, Renger JJ. The Discovery of Suvorexant, the First Orexin Receptor Drug for Insomnia. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 57:509-533. [PMID: 27860547 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Historically, pharmacological therapies have used mechanisms such as γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor potentiation to drive sleep through broad suppression of central nervous system activity. With the discovery of orexin signaling loss as the etiology underlying narcolepsy, a disorder associated with hypersomnolence, orexin antagonism emerged as an alternative approach to attenuate orexin-induced wakefulness more selectively. Dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) block the activity of orexin 1 and 2 receptors to both reduce the threshold to transition into sleep and attenuate orexin-mediated arousal. Among DORAs evaluated clinically, suvorexant has pharmacokinetic properties engineered for a plasma half-life appropriate for rapid sleep onset and maintenance at low to moderate doses. Unlike GABAA receptor modulators, DORAs promote both non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep, do not disrupt sleep stage-specific quantitative electroencephalogram spectral profiles, and allow somnolence indistinct from normal sleep. The preservation of cognitive performance and the ability to arouse to salient stimuli after DORA administration suggest further advantages over historical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Coleman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486;
| | - Anthony L Gotter
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - W Joseph Herring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Christopher J Winrow
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - John J Renger
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
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Sheng Q, Xue Y, Wang Y, Chen AQ, Liu C, Liu YH, Chu HY, Chen L. The Subthalamic Neurons are Activated by Both Orexin-A and Orexin-B. Neuroscience 2017; 369:97-108. [PMID: 29138106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus is an important nucleus in the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia circuit and therefore is involved in motor control under both normal and pathological conditions. Morphological studies reveal that the subthalamic nucleus receives relatively dense orexinergic projections originating from the hypothalamus. Both orexin-1 (OX1) and orexin-2 (OX2) receptors are expressed in the subthalamic nucleus. To explore the functions of orexinergic system in the subthalamic nucleus, extracellular electrophysiological recordings and behavioral tests were performed in the present study. Exogenous application of orexin-A significantly increased the spontaneous firing rate from 5.70 ± 0.66 Hz to 9.87 ± 1.18 Hz in 64.00% subthalamic neurons recorded. OX1 receptors are involved in orexin-A-induced excitation. Application of orexin-B increased the firing rate from 7.47 ± 0.92 Hz to 11.85 ± 1.39 Hz in 80.95% subthalamic neurons recorded, entirely through OX2 receptors. Both OX1 and OX2 receptor antagonists decreased the firing rate in 43.75% and 62.50% subthalamic neurons recorded respectively, suggesting the involvement of endogenous orexinergic system in the control of spontaneous firing activity. Further elevated body swing test revealed that microinjection of orexins and the receptor antagonists into the subthalamic nucleus induced contralateral-biased swing and ipsilateral-biased swing, respectively. Taken together, the present study suggests that orexins play important roles in the subthalamic nucleus which may provide further evidence for the involvement of subthalamic orexinergic tone in Parkinson's disease. SIGNIFICANCE Previous morphological studies indicate that the subthalamic nucleus receives orexinergic innervation and expresses both OX1 and OX2 receptors. Using in vivo multibarrel electrophysiological recordings, the present study revealed that exogenous application of orexin-A and orexin-B increased the spontaneous firing rate of the subthalamic neurons through OX1 and OX2 receptors. Endogenous orexinergic system was involved in the control of spontaneous firing of the subthalamic neurons. Further behavioral test revealed that intrasubthalamic application of orexins and the receptor antagonists induced biased swing behavior. The present study may provide further evidence for the involvement of subthalamic orexinergic tone in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sheng
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - An-Qi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yun-Hai Liu
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hong-Yan Chu
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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28
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Bosma R, Witt G, Vaas LAI, Josimovic I, Gribbon P, Vischer HF, Gul S, Leurs R. The Target Residence Time of Antihistamines Determines Their Antagonism of the G Protein-Coupled Histamine H1 Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:667. [PMID: 29033838 PMCID: PMC5627017 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacodynamics of drug-candidates is often optimized by metrics that describe target binding (Kd or Ki value) or target modulation (IC50). However, these metrics are determined at equilibrium conditions, and consequently information regarding the onset and offset of target engagement and modulation is lost. Drug-target residence time is a measure for the lifetime of the drug-target complex, which has recently been receiving considerable interest, as target residence time is shown to have prognostic value for the in vivo efficacy of several drugs. In this study, we have investigated the relation between the increased residence time of antihistamines at the histamine H1 receptor (H1R) and the duration of effective target-inhibition by these antagonists. Hela cells, endogenously expressing low levels of the H1R, were incubated with a series of antihistamines and dissociation was initiated by washing away the unbound antihistamines. Using a calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye and a label free, dynamic mass redistribution based assay, functional recovery of the H1R responsiveness was measured by stimulating the cells with histamine over time, and the recovery was quantified as the receptor recovery time. Using these assays, we determined that the receptor recovery time for a set of antihistamines differed more than 40-fold and was highly correlated to their H1R residence times, as determined with competitive radioligand binding experiments to the H1R in a cell homogenate. Thus, the receptor recovery time is proposed as a cell-based and physiologically relevant metric for the lead optimization of G protein-coupled receptor antagonists, like the H1R antagonists. Both, label-free or real-time, classical signaling assays allow an efficient and physiologically relevant determination of kinetic properties of drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reggie Bosma
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gesa Witt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Screening PortHamburg, Germany
| | - Lea A I Vaas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Screening PortHamburg, Germany
| | - Ivana Josimovic
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Screening PortHamburg, Germany
| | - Henry F Vischer
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Screening PortHamburg, Germany
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, VU University AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
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Haghparast A, Fatahi Z, Arezoomandan R, Karimi S, Taslimi Z, Zarrabian S. Functional roles of orexin/hypocretin receptors in reward circuit. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2017; 235:139-154. [PMID: 29054286 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Since its first discovery in 1998, it has become clear that the orexinergic system plays an important role in regulating a number of functions including food, sex, social connections, and most prominently reward-related behaviors. Orexinergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus project extensively to other brain areas, two most important of which are the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens that are involved in reward processing. In this review, we have presented the work in our laboratory along with the work of others and have discussed the possible functions we can infer from the research. We discuss the anatomy of the orexinergic system and its components followed by a presentation of other connected brain areas. The second part of this review discusses observed results from the morphine conditioned place preference test that sheds light on the possible role of the involved areas in reward processing. The complex circuits involved in reward processing are only beginning to be understood and we need to deepen our understanding regarding the nature of the interactions between all brain areas involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Fatahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Arezoomandan
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Karimi
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Taslimi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahram Zarrabian
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Doornbos MLJ, Cid JM, Haubrich J, Nunes A, van de Sande JW, Vermond SC, Mulder-Krieger T, Trabanco AA, Ahnaou A, Drinkenburg WH, Lavreysen H, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP, Tresadern G. Discovery and Kinetic Profiling of 7-Aryl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines: Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6704-6720. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten L. J. Doornbos
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O.
Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - José María Cid
- Janssen Research and Development, Calle Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jordi Haubrich
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O.
Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandro Nunes
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O.
Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper W. van de Sande
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O.
Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie C. Vermond
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O.
Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thea Mulder-Krieger
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O.
Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrés A. Trabanco
- Janssen Research and Development, Calle Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Abdellah Ahnaou
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Hilde Lavreysen
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O.
Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O.
Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gary Tresadern
- Janssen Research and Development, Calle Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain
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Abstract
Previously, drugs were developed focusing on target affinity and selectivity. However, it is becoming evident that the drug-target residence time, related to the off-rate, is an important parameter for successful drug development. The residence time influences both the on-rate and overall effectiveness of drugs. Furthermore, ligand binding is now appreciated to be a multistep process because metastable and/or intermediate binding sites in the extracellular region have been identified. In this review, we summarize experimental ligand-binding data for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and their binding pathways, analyzed by molecular dynamics (MD). The kinetics of drug binding to GPCRs are complex and depend on several factors, including charge distribution on the receptor surface, ligand-receptor interactions in the binding channel and the binding site, or solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Beuckmann CT, Suzuki M, Ueno T, Nagaoka K, Arai T, Higashiyama H. In Vitro and In Silico Characterization of Lemborexant (E2006), a Novel Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 362:287-295. [PMID: 28559480 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.241422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptides have, among others, been implicated in arousal/sleep control, and antagonizing the orexin signaling pathway has been previously demonstrated to promote sleep in animals and humans. This mechanism opens up a new therapeutic approach to curb excessive wakefulness in insomnia disorder rather than to promote sleep-related signaling. Here we describe the preclinical pharmacological in vitro and in silico characterization of lemborexant ((1R,2S)-2-{[(2,4-dimethylpyrimidin-5-yl)oxy]methyl}-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide)), a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA), as a novel experimental therapeutic agent for the symptomatic treatment of insomnia disorder and compare its properties to two other DORAs, almorexant and suvorexant. Lemborexant binds to both orexin receptors and functionally inhibits them in a competitive manner with low nanomolar potency, without any species difference apparent among human, rat, and mouse receptors. Binding and dissociation kinetics on both orexin receptors are rapid. Lemborexant is selective for both orexin receptors over 88 other receptors, transporters, and ion channels of important physiologic function. In silico modeling of lemborexant into the orexin receptors showed that it assumes the same type of conformation within the receptor-binding pocket as suvorexant, the π-stacked horseshoe-like conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Theodor Beuckmann
- Neurology Business Group, Discovery (C.T.B.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (T.U.), hhc Data Creation Center (K.N.), and Medicine Development Center (T.A.), Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and Global Regulatory Affairs (M.S.), Neurology Business Group (H.H.), Japan and Asia Clinical Development, Eisai Co., Ltd., Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Suzuki
- Neurology Business Group, Discovery (C.T.B.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (T.U.), hhc Data Creation Center (K.N.), and Medicine Development Center (T.A.), Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and Global Regulatory Affairs (M.S.), Neurology Business Group (H.H.), Japan and Asia Clinical Development, Eisai Co., Ltd., Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueno
- Neurology Business Group, Discovery (C.T.B.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (T.U.), hhc Data Creation Center (K.N.), and Medicine Development Center (T.A.), Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and Global Regulatory Affairs (M.S.), Neurology Business Group (H.H.), Japan and Asia Clinical Development, Eisai Co., Ltd., Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nagaoka
- Neurology Business Group, Discovery (C.T.B.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (T.U.), hhc Data Creation Center (K.N.), and Medicine Development Center (T.A.), Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and Global Regulatory Affairs (M.S.), Neurology Business Group (H.H.), Japan and Asia Clinical Development, Eisai Co., Ltd., Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Arai
- Neurology Business Group, Discovery (C.T.B.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (T.U.), hhc Data Creation Center (K.N.), and Medicine Development Center (T.A.), Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and Global Regulatory Affairs (M.S.), Neurology Business Group (H.H.), Japan and Asia Clinical Development, Eisai Co., Ltd., Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Higashiyama
- Neurology Business Group, Discovery (C.T.B.), Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (T.U.), hhc Data Creation Center (K.N.), and Medicine Development Center (T.A.), Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and Global Regulatory Affairs (M.S.), Neurology Business Group (H.H.), Japan and Asia Clinical Development, Eisai Co., Ltd., Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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The effect of orexin 1 and orexin 2 receptors antagonisms in the basolateral amygdala on memory processing in a passive avoidance task. Physiol Behav 2017; 174:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Khoo SYS, McNally GP, Clemens KJ. The dual orexin receptor antagonist TCS1102 does not affect reinstatement of nicotine-seeking. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173967. [PMID: 28296947 PMCID: PMC5351999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The orexin/hypocretin system is important for appetitive motivation towards multiple drugs of abuse, including nicotine. Both OX1 and OX2 receptors individually have been shown to influence nicotine self-administration and reinstatement. Due to the increasing clinical use of dual orexin receptor antagonists in the treatment of disorders such as insomnia, we examined whether a dual orexin receptor antagonist may also be effective in reducing nicotine seeking. We tested the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of the potent and selective dual orexin receptor antagonist TCS1102 on orexin-A-induced food self-administration, nicotine self-administration and reinstatement of nicotine-seeking in rats. Our results show that 30 μg of TCS1102 i.c.v. abolishes orexin-A-induced increases in food self-administration but does not reduce nicotine self-administration. Neither i.c.v. 10 μg nor 30 μg of TCS1102 reduced compound reinstatement after short-term (15 days) self-administration nicotine, but 30 μg transiently reduced cue/nicotine compound reinstatement after chronic self-administration (29 days). These results indicate that TCS1102 has no substantial effect on motivation for nicotine seeking following chronic self-administration and no effect after shorter periods of intake. Orexin receptor antagonists may therefore have little clinical utility against nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gavan P McNally
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kelly J Clemens
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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35
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Olney JJ, Navarro M, Thiele TE. The Role of Orexin Signaling in the Ventral Tegmental Area and Central Amygdala in Modulating Binge-Like Ethanol Drinking Behavior. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:551-561. [PMID: 28097729 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports have demonstrated that binge-like ethanol (EtOH) drinking leads to an increase in hypothalamic orexin (OX) signaling and that suppressing this signaling via systemic administration of an orexin receptor (OXR) antagonist blocks this behavior; however, the specific OX pathways that modulate this behavior remain unknown. The goal of this study was to further elucidate the role of the OX system in binge-like EtOH drinking using behavioral, molecular, and pharmacological techniques. METHODS The drinking-in-the-dark (DID) paradigm was used to model binge-like drinking behavior in male C57BL/6J mice. Experiment 1 examined changes in the OX precursor, prepro-orexin, within the hypothalamus following multiple cycle EtOH or sucrose DID using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. In experiments 2a and 2b, we used site-directed infusion of an OXR antagonist to examine the individual contribution of each OXR subtype within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), respectively, in binge-like EtOH or sucrose drinking. RESULTS Findings from our PCR study revealed that multiple cycles of binge-like EtOH drinking did not lead to changes in prepro-orexin mRNA as a function of binge-like EtOH drinking. However, data from site-directed pharmacology studies indicate that the orexin-1 receptor (OX1R) is the predominate receptor subtype within the VTA and CeA that regulates binge-like EtOH drinking. Interestingly, inhibition of OX1Rs did not affect binge-like sucrose intake, which suggests that these OX circuits are specific for EtOH consumption. CONCLUSIONS As a whole, these data suggest that the VTA and CeA are important regions in which OX regulates binge-like EtOH drinking behavior. Moreover, these findings identify OXR antagonists as a potential treatment option that may be used to ameliorate problematic drinking behavior while leaving responding to natural rewards relatively intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Olney
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Montserrat Navarro
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Todd E Thiele
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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36
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Wang H, Li S, Kirouac GJ. Role of the orexin (hypocretin) system in contextual fear conditioning in rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 316:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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37
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Nederpelt I, Bunnik J, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH. Kinetic Profile of Neuropeptide–Receptor Interactions. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:830-839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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38
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Nederpelt I, Bleeker D, Tuijt B, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH. Kinetic binding and activation profiles of endogenous tachykinins targeting the NK1 receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 118:88-95. [PMID: 27501920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-receptor binding kinetics (i.e. association and dissociation rates) are emerging as important parameters for drug efficacy in vivo. Awareness of the kinetic behavior of endogenous ligands is pivotal, as drugs often have to compete with those. The binding kinetics of neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonists have been widely investigated while binding kinetics of endogenous tachykinins have hardly been reported, if at all. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the binding kinetics of endogenous tachykinins and derivatives thereof and their role in the activation of the NK1 receptor. We determined the binding kinetics of seven tachykinins targeting the NK1 receptor. Dissociation rate constants (koff) ranged from 0.026±0.0029min-1 (Sar9,Met(O2)11-SP) to 0.21±0.015min-1 (septide). Association rate constants (kon) were more diverse: substance P (SP) associated the fastest with a kon value of 0.24±0.046nM-1min-1 while neurokinin A (NKA) had the slowest association rate constant of 0.001±0.0002nM-1min-1. Kinetic binding parameters were highly correlated with potency and maximal response values determined in label-free impedance-based experiments on U-251 MG cells. Our research demonstrates large variations in binding kinetics of tachykinins which correlate to receptor activation. These findings provide new insights into the ligand-receptor interactions of tachykinins and underline the importance of measuring binding kinetics of both drug candidates and competing endogenous ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nederpelt
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Bleeker
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B Tuijt
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A P IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L H Heitman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Shimizu Y, Ogawa K, Nakayama M. Characterization of Kinetic Binding Properties of Unlabeled Ligands via a Preincubation Endpoint Binding Approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:729-37. [PMID: 27270099 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116652065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dissociation rates of unlabeled drugs have been well studied by kinetic binding analyses. Since kinetic assays are laborious, we developed a simple method to determine the kinetic binding parameters of unlabeled competitors by a preincubation endpoint assay. The probe binding after preincubation of a competitor can be described by a single equation as a function of time. Simulations using the equation revealed the degree of IC50 change induced by preincubation of a competitor depended on the dissociation rate koff of the competitor but not on the association rate kon To validate the model, an in vitro binding assay was performed using a smoothened receptor (SMO) and [(3)H]TAK-441, a SMO antagonist. The equilibrium dissociation constants (KI) and koff of SMO antagonists determined by globally fitting the model to the concentration-response curves obtained with and without 24 h preincubation correlated well with those determined by other methods. This approach could be useful for early-stage optimization of drug candidates by enabling determination of binding kinetics in a high-throughput manner because it does not require kinetic measurements, an intermediate washout step during the reaction, or prior determination of competitors' KI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Shimizu
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ogawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakayama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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40
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Equilibrium and kinetic selectivity profiling on the human adenosine receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 105:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Sykes DA, Bradley ME, Riddy DM, Willard E, Reilly J, Miah A, Bauer C, Watson SJ, Sandham DA, Dubois G, Charlton SJ. Fevipiprant (QAW039), a Slowly Dissociating CRTh2 Antagonist with the Potential for Improved Clinical Efficacy. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 89:593-605. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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42
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Unravelling intrinsic efficacy and ligand bias at G protein coupled receptors: A practical guide to assessing functional data. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 101:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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43
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Guo D, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP. The Role of Target Binding Kinetics in Drug Discovery. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1793-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR); P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR); P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR); P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden the Netherlands
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Riddy DM, Valant C, Rueda P, Charman WN, Sexton PM, Summers RJ, Christopoulos A, Langmead CJ. Label-Free Kinetics: Exploiting Functional Hemi-Equilibrium to Derive Rate Constants for Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:779-90. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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45
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Shimizu Y, Ishii T, Ogawa K, Sasaki S, Matsui H, Nakayama M. Biochemical characterization of smoothened receptor antagonists by binding kinetics against drug-resistant mutant. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:220-227. [PMID: 26048307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling critical for development, differentiation, and cell growth is involved in several cancers, including medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma. Although antagonism of the smoothened receptor (SMO), which mediates Hh signaling, is an attractive therapeutic target, a drug-resistant mutation in SMO (SMO-D473H) was identified in a clinical trial of the approved drug vismodegib. TAK-441 potently inhibits SMO-D473H, unlike vismodegib and another SMO antagonist, cyclopamine, whereas the differences in binding modes between these antagonists remain unknown. Here we report the biochemical characterization of TAK-441, vismodegib, and cyclopamine by binding kinetics. The association (kon) and dissociation (koff) rates were determined by kinetic binding studies using [(3)H]TAK-441, and dissociation was confirmed by label-free affinity selection-mass spectrometry (AS-MS). In the [(3)H]TAK-441 competition assay, TAK-441 but not vismodegib and cyclopamine showed time-dependent inhibition. Quantitative kinetic binding analysis revealed that koff of TAK-441 was >10-fold smaller than those of vismodegib and cyclopamine. To further assess the binding mode of antagonists, kinetic binding analysis was performed against SMO-D473H. The D473H mutation affected koff of TAK-441 but not kon. In contrast, only kon was changed by the D473H mutation in the case of vismodegib and cyclopamine. These results suggest that the difference in antagonist efficacy against D473H is associated with the binding mode of antagonists. These findings provide a new insight into the drug action of SMO antagonists and help develop potential therapeutics for drug-resistant mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Shimizu
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishii
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ogawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsui
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakayama
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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Barson JR, Ho HT, Leibowitz SF. Anterior thalamic paraventricular nucleus is involved in intermittent access ethanol drinking: role of orexin receptor 2. Addict Biol 2015; 20:469-81. [PMID: 24712379 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) has been shown to participate in hedonic feeding and is thought to influence drug seeking. This understudied nucleus contains anterior (aPVT) and posterior (pPVT) subregions, which receive dense projections from hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin (OX) but exhibit anatomical and functional differences. This study sought to characterize in Long-Evans rats the involvement of these PVT subregions and their OX receptor activity in consumption of the drug, ethanol. Compared with those maintained on water and chow only (water group), rats trained to drink pharmacologically relevant levels of ethanol (ethanol group) showed increased neuronal activation in the PVT, specifically the aPVT but not pPVT, as indicated by c-Fos immunoreactivity. Similar results were obtained in rats administered ethanol via oral gavage, indicating that this site-specific effect was due to ethanol exposure. In support of the involvement of OX, the ethanol group also showed increased mRNA levels of this neuropeptide in the hypothalamus and of OX 2 receptor (OX2R) but not OX 1 receptor (OX1R), again in the aPVT but not pPVT. Similarly, ethanol gavage increased double labeling of c-Fos with OX2R but not OX1R, specifically in the aPVT. Evidence directly supporting a role for aPVT OX2R in ethanol consumption was provided by results with local injections, showing ethanol intake to be enhanced by OX-A or OX-B in the aPVT but not pPVT and reduced by a local antagonist of OX2R but not OX1R. These results focus attention on the aPVT and specifically its OX2R in mediating a positive feedback relationship with ethanol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Barson
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology; The Rockefeller University; New York NY USA
| | - Hui Tin Ho
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology; The Rockefeller University; New York NY USA
| | - Sarah F. Leibowitz
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology; The Rockefeller University; New York NY USA
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He C, Chen QH, Ye JN, Li C, Yang L, Zhang J, Xia JX, Hu ZA. Functional inactivation of hypocretin 1 receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex affects the pyramidal neuron activity and gamma oscillations: An in vivo multiple-channel single-unit recording study. Neuroscience 2015; 297:1-10. [PMID: 25838117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The hypocretin signaling is thought to play a critical role in maintaining wakefulness via stimulating the subcortical arousal pathways. Although the cortical areas, including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), receive dense hypocretinergic fibers and express its receptors, it remains unclear whether the hypocretins can directly regulate the neural activity of the mPFC in vivo. In the present study, using multiple-channel single-unit recording study, we found that infusion of the SB-334867, a blocker for the Hcrtr1, beside the recording sites within the mPFC substantially exerted an inhibitory effect on the putative pyramidal neuron (PPN) activity in naturally behaving rats. In addition, functional blockade of the Hcrtr1 also selectively reduced the power of the gamma oscillations. The PPN activity and the power of the neural oscillations were not affected after microinjection of the TCS-OX2-29, a blocker for the Hcrtr2, within the mPFC. Together, these data indicate that endogenous hypocretins acting on the Hcrtr1 are required for the normal neural activity in the mPFC in vivo, and thus might directly contribute cortical arousal and mPFC-dependent cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C He
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Q-H Chen
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - J-N Ye
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - C Li
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - J-X Xia
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
| | - Z-A Hu
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
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48
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Williams JT, Gatfield J, Roch C, Treiber A, Jenck F, Bolli MH, Brotschi C, Sifferlen T, Heidmann B, Boss C. Discovery and optimisation of 1-acyl-2-benzylpyrrolidines as potent dual orexin receptor antagonists. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00074b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of our lead compound1into thein vivoactive, competitive, dual orexin receptor antagonist27, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Gatfield
- Drug Discovery Chemistry
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd
- Switzerland
| | - Catherine Roch
- Drug Discovery Chemistry
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd
- Switzerland
| | | | - Francois Jenck
- Drug Discovery Chemistry
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd
- Switzerland
| | - Martin H. Bolli
- Drug Discovery Chemistry
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd
- Switzerland
| | | | | | - Bibia Heidmann
- Drug Discovery Chemistry
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd
- Switzerland
| | - Christoph Boss
- Drug Discovery Chemistry
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd
- Switzerland
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49
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Christopher JA, Aves SJ, Brown J, Errey JC, Klair SS, Langmead CJ, Mace OJ, Mould R, Patel JC, Tehan BG, Zhukov A, Marshall FH, Congreve M. Discovery of HTL6641, a dual orexin receptor antagonist with differentiated pharmacodynamic properties. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00027k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of potent, selective, and orally efficacious dual antagonists of the orexin receptors is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason Brown
- Heptares Therapeutics Ltd
- Welwyn Garden City
- U.K
| | | | - Suki S. Klair
- Labstract Ltd
- Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst
- Stevenage
- U.K
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50
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Yu Z, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH. Kv 11.1 (hERG)-induced cardiotoxicity: a molecular insight from a binding kinetics study of prototypical Kv 11.1 (hERG) inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:940-55. [PMID: 25296617 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Drug-induced arrhythmia due to blockade of the Kv 11.1 channel (also known as the hERG K(+) channel) is a frequent side effect. Previous studies have primarily focused on equilibrium parameters, i.e. affinity or potency, of drug candidates at the channel. The aim of this study was to determine the kinetics of the interaction with the channel for a number of known Kv 11.1 blockers and to explore a possible correlation with the affinity or physicochemical properties of these compounds. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The affinity and kinetic parameters of 15 prototypical Kv 11.1 inhibitors were evaluated in a number of [(3) H]-dofetilide binding assays. The lipophilicity (logKW - C8 ) and membrane partitioning (logKW - IAM ) of these compounds were determined by means of HPLC analysis. KEY RESULTS A novel [(3) H]-dofetilide competition association assay was set up and validated, which allowed us to determine the binding kinetics of the Kv 11.1 blockers used in this study. Interestingly, the compounds' affinities (Ki values) were correlated to their association rates rather than dissociation rates. Overall lipophilicity or membrane partitioning of the compounds were not correlated to their affinity or rate constants for the channel. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A compound's affinity for the Kv 11.1 channel is determined by its rate of association with the channel, while overall lipophilicity and membrane affinity are not. In more general terms, our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of action for a compound's activity at the Kv 11.1 channel. This may help to elucidate how Kv 11.1-induced cardiotoxicity is governed and how it can be circumvented in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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