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Levites Y, Dammer EB, Ran Y, Tsering W, Duong D, Abreha M, Gadhavi J, Lolo K, Trejo-Lopez J, Phillips J, Iturbe A, Erquizi A, Moore BD, Ryu D, Natu A, Dillon K, Torrellas J, Moran C, Ladd T, Afroz F, Islam T, Jagirdar J, Funk CC, Robinson M, Rangaraju S, Borchelt DR, Ertekin-Taner N, Kelly JW, Heppner FL, Johnson ECB, McFarland K, Levey AI, Prokop S, Seyfried NT, Golde TE. Integrative proteomics identifies a conserved Aβ amyloid responsome, novel plaque proteins, and pathology modifiers in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101669. [PMID: 39127040 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that develops over decades. AD brain proteomics reveals vast alterations in protein levels and numerous altered biologic pathways. Here, we compare AD brain proteome and network changes with the brain proteomes of amyloid β (Aβ)-depositing mice to identify conserved and divergent protein networks with the conserved networks identifying an Aβ amyloid responsome. Proteins in the most conserved network (M42) accumulate in plaques, cerebrovascular amyloid (CAA), and/or dystrophic neuronal processes, and overexpression of two M42 proteins, midkine (Mdk) and pleiotrophin (PTN), increases the accumulation of Aβ in plaques and CAA. M42 proteins bind amyloid fibrils in vitro, and MDK and PTN co-accumulate with cardiac transthyretin amyloid. M42 proteins appear intimately linked to amyloid deposition and can regulate amyloid deposition, suggesting that they are pathology modifiers and thus putative therapeutic targets. We posit that amyloid-scaffolded accumulation of numerous M42+ proteins is a central mechanism mediating downstream pathophysiology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Levites
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Ran
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wangchen Tsering
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Duc Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Measho Abreha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshna Gadhavi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kiara Lolo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jorge Trejo-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Phillips
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Iturbe
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aya Erquizi
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brenda D Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danny Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aditya Natu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristy Dillon
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jose Torrellas
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Corey Moran
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Ladd
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Farhana Afroz
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tariful Islam
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jaishree Jagirdar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - David R Borchelt
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurology, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Frank L Heppner
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 110117 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 110117 Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure, Charitéplatz, 110117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik C B Johnson
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen McFarland
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Lara-Ureña N, Gómez-Marín E, Pozuelo-Sánchez I, Reyes JC, García-Domínguez M. SARS-CoV-2 E protein interacts with BRD2 and BRD4 SEED domains and alters transcription in a different way than BET inhibition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:313. [PMID: 39066826 PMCID: PMC11335234 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins are relevant chromatin adaptors involved in the transcriptional control of thousands of genes. Two tandem N-terminal bromodomains are essential for chromatin attachment through acetyl-histone recognition. Recently, the BET proteins members BRD2 and BRD4 were found to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein, raising the question of whether the interaction constitutes a virus hijacking mechanism for transcription alteration in the host cell. To shed light on this question, we have compared the transcriptome of cells overexpressing E with that of cells treated with the BET inhibitor JQ1. Notably, E overexpression leads to a strong upregulation of natural immunity- and interferon response-related genes. However, BET inhibition results in the downregulation of most of these genes, indicating that these two conditions, far from causing a significant overlap of the altered transcriptomes, course with quite different outputs. Concerning the interaction of E protein with BET members, and differing from previous reports indicating that it occurs through BET bromodomains, we find that it relies on SEED and SEED-like domains, BET regions rich in Ser, Asp, and Glu residues. By taking advantage of this specific interaction, we have been able to direct selective degradation of E protein through a PROTAC system involving a dTAG-SEED fusion, highlighting the possible therapeutic use of this peptide for targeted degradation of a viral essential protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Lara-Ureña
- Department of Cell Dynamics and Signaling, Andalusian Centre for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Av. Américo Vespucio 24, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Marín
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Centre for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Av. Américo Vespucio 24, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | | | - José C Reyes
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Centre for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Av. Américo Vespucio 24, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - Mario García-Domínguez
- Department of Cell Dynamics and Signaling, Andalusian Centre for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Av. Américo Vespucio 24, Seville, 41092, Spain.
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Sadanandan J, Sathyanesan M, Newton SS. Regulation of trophic factors in the choroid plexus of aged mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4123786. [PMID: 38562722 PMCID: PMC10984084 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4123786/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The choroid plexus (CP) is an understudied tissue in the central nervous system (CNS), primarily implicated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. Additionally, CP produces numerous neurotrophic factors (NTF), which circulate to different regions of the brain. Regulation of NTF in the CP during natural aging has yet to be discovered. Here, we investigated the age and gender-specific transcription of NTFs along with the changes in the tight junctional proteins (TJPs) and water channel protein Aquaporin (AQP1). Methods We used male and female mice for our study. We analyzed neurotrophic factor gene expression patterns using quantitative and digital droplet PCR at three different time points: mature adult, middle-aged, and aged. Additionally, we used immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) to evaluate in vivo protein expression. We further investigated the cellular phenotype of these NTFS, TJP and water channel proteins in the mouse CP by co-labeling them with the classical vascular marker, Isolectin B4, and epithelial cell marker, plectin. Results Aging significantly altered the NTF's gene expression in the CP Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Midkine, VGF, Insulin-like growth factor (IGF1), IGF2, klotho, Erythropoietin, and its receptor were reduced in the aged CP of males and females. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transcription was gender-specific; in males, gene expression is unchanged in the aged CP while females showed an age-dependent reduction. Age-dependent changes in VEGF localization were evident, from vasculature to epithelial cells. IGF2 and klotho localized in the basolateral membrane of the CP and showed an age-dependent reduction in epithelial cells. Water channel protein AQP1 localized in the tip of epithelial cells and showed an age-related reduction in mRNA and protein levels. TJP's JAM, CLAUDIN1, CLAUDIN2, and CLAUDIN5 were reduced in aged mice. Conclusions Our study highlights transcriptional level changes in the CP during aging. The age-related transcriptional changes exhibit similarities as well as gene-specific differences in the CP of males and females. Altered transcription of the water channel protein AQP1 and TJPs could be involved in reduced CSF production during aging. Importantly, reduction in the neurotrophic factors and longevity factor Klotho can play a role in regulating brain aging.
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Hohlstein P, Abu Jhaisha S, Yagmur E, Wawer D, Pollmanns MR, Adams JK, Wirtz TH, Brozat JF, Bündgens L, Hamesch K, Weiskirchen R, Tacke F, Trautwein C, Koch A. Elevated Midkine Serum Levels Are Associated with Long-Term Survival in Critically Ill Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:454. [PMID: 38203625 PMCID: PMC10779074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Midkine (Mdk) is a multifunctional protein involved in inflammatory processes. Hence, circulating Mdk is increased in sepsis and has been previously suggested as a potential biomarker in these patients. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of Mdk serum concentrations in critical illness and sepsis and to verify its value as a prognostic biomarker. Thus, we analyzed the Mdk serum concentrations of 192 critically ill patients on admission to the medical intensive care unit (ICU). While the serum levels of Mdk at admission were similar in septic and nonseptic critical illness (362 vs. 337 ng/L, p = 0.727), we found several interesting correlations of Mdk to laboratory and clinical markers associated with ischemia or hypoxia, e.g., to renal failure and hepatic injury. Mdk serum concentrations at admission did not differ between various causes of sepsis or other critical illness. Most noticeable, we observed upregulated Mdk serum concentrations at admission in patients surviving in the long-term, which was only seen in nonseptic critical illness but not in sepsis. Our study suggests a relevant role of Mdk in critically ill patients in general and highlights the possible protective features of Mdk in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hohlstein
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Samira Abu Jhaisha
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Eray Yagmur
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Western Palatinate Hospital, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Dennis Wawer
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Maike R. Pollmanns
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Jule K. Adams
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Theresa H. Wirtz
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Jonathan F. Brozat
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Lukas Bündgens
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Karim Hamesch
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK) and Campus Charité Mitte (CCM), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (S.A.J.); (D.W.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (T.H.W.); (J.F.B.); (L.B.); (K.H.); (C.T.)
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Levites Y, Dammer EB, Ran Y, Tsering W, Duong D, Abreha M, Gadhavi J, Lolo K, Trejo-Lopez J, Phillips JL, Iturbe A, Erqiuzi A, Moore BD, Ryu D, Natu A, Dillon KD, Torrellas J, Moran C, Ladd TB, Afroz KF, Islam T, Jagirdar J, Funk CC, Robinson M, Borchelt DR, Ertekin-Taner N, Kelly JW, Heppner FL, Johnson EC, McFarland K, Levey AL, Prokop S, Seyfried NT, Golde TE. Aβ Amyloid Scaffolds the Accumulation of Matrisome and Additional Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.29.568318. [PMID: 38076912 PMCID: PMC10705437 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.568318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We report a highly significant correlation in brain proteome changes between Alzheimers disease (AD) and CRND8 APP695NL/F transgenic mice. However, integrating protein changes observed in the CRND8 mice with co-expression networks derived from human AD, reveals both conserved and divergent module changes. For the most highly conserved module (M42, matrisome) we find many proteins accumulate in plaques, cerebrovascular amyloid (CAA), dystrophic processes, or a combination thereof. Overexpression of two M42 proteins, midkine (Mdk) and pleiotrophin (PTN), in CRND8 mice brains leads to increased accumulation of A β ; in plaques and in CAA; further, recombinant MDK and PTN enhance A β ; aggregation into amyloid. Multiple M42 proteins, annotated as heparan sulfate binding proteins, bind to fibrillar A β 42 and a non-human amyloid fibril in vitro. Supporting this binding data, MDK and PTN co-accumulate with transthyretin (TTR) amyloid in the heart and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) amyloid in the pancreas. Our findings establish several critical insights. Proteomic changes in modules observed in human AD brains define an A β ; amyloid responsome that is well conserved from mouse model to human. Further, distinct amyloid structures may serve as scaffolds, facilitating the co-accumulation of proteins with signaling functions. We hypothesize that this co-accumulation may contribute to downstream pathological sequalae. Overall, this contextualized understanding of proteomic changes and their interplay with amyloid deposition provides valuable insights into the complexity of AD pathogenesis and potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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de Paz JL, García-Jiménez MJ, Jafari V, García-Domínguez M, Nieto PM. Synthesis and interaction with growth factors of sulfated oligosaccharides containing an anomeric fluorinated tail. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106929. [PMID: 37879181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Compounds that mimic the biological properties of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and can be more easily prepared than the native GAG oligosaccharides are highly demanded. Here, we present the synthesis of sulfated oligosaccharides displaying a perfluorinated aliphatic tag at the reducing end as GAG mimetics. The preparation of these molecules was greatly facilitated by the presence of the fluorinated tail since the reaction intermediates were isolated by simple fluorous solid-phase extraction. Fluorescence polarization competition assays indicated that the synthesized oligosaccharides interacted with two heparin-binding growth factors, midkine (MK) and FGF-2, showing higher binding affinities than the natural oligosaccharides, and can be therefore considered as useful GAG mimetics. Moreover, NMR experiments showed that the 3D structure of these compounds is similar to that of the native sequences, in terms of sugar ring and glycosidic linkage conformations. Finally, we also demonstrated that these derivatives are able to block the MK-stimulating effect on NIH3T3 cells growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L de Paz
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), cicCartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Americo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - María José García-Jiménez
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), cicCartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Americo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Vahid Jafari
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Américo Vespucio, 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario García-Domínguez
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Américo Vespucio, 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pedro M Nieto
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), cicCartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Americo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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Farrugia BL, Melrose J. The Glycosaminoglycan Side Chains and Modular Core Proteins of Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans and the Varied Ways They Provide Tissue Protection by Regulating Physiological Processes and Cellular Behaviour. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14101. [PMID: 37762403 PMCID: PMC10531531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the roles of HS-proteoglycans (HS-PGs) in general, and, in particular, perlecan and syndecan as representative examples and their interactive ligands, which regulate physiological processes and cellular behavior in health and disease. HS-PGs are essential for the functional properties of tissues both in development and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling that occurs in response to trauma or disease. HS-PGs interact with a biodiverse range of chemokines, chemokine receptors, protease inhibitors, and growth factors in immune regulation, inflammation, ECM stabilization, and tissue protection. Some cell regulatory proteoglycan receptors are dually modified hybrid HS/CS proteoglycans (betaglycan, CD47). Neurexins provide synaptic stabilization, plasticity, and specificity of interaction, promoting neurotransduction, neurogenesis, and differentiation. Ternary complexes of glypican-1 and Robbo-Slit neuroregulatory proteins direct axonogenesis and neural network formation. Specific neurexin-neuroligin complexes stabilize synaptic interactions and neural activity. Disruption in these interactions leads to neurological deficits in disorders of functional cognitive decline. Interactions with HS-PGs also promote or inhibit tumor development. Thus, HS-PGs have complex and diverse regulatory roles in the physiological processes that regulate cellular behavior and the functional properties of normal and pathological tissues. Specialized HS-PGs, such as the neurexins, pikachurin, and Eyes-shut, provide synaptic stabilization and specificity of neural transduction and also stabilize the axenome primary cilium of phototoreceptors and ribbon synapse interactions with bipolar neurons of retinal neural networks, which are essential in ocular vision. Pikachurin and Eyes-Shut interactions with an α-dystroglycan stabilize the photoreceptor synapse. Novel regulatory roles for HS-PGs controlling cell behavior and tissue function are expected to continue to be uncovered in this fascinating class of proteoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Farrugia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Raymond Purves Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School (Northern), University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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8
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Saikia M, Cheung N, Singh AK, Kapoor V. Role of Midkine in Cancer Drug Resistance: Regulators of Its Expression and Its Molecular Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108739. [PMID: 37240085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecules involved in drug resistance can be targeted for better therapeutic efficacies. Research on midkine (MDK) has escalated in the last few decades, which affirms a positive correlation between disease progression and MDK expression in most cancers and indicates its association with multi-drug resistance in cancer. MDK, a secretory cytokine found in blood, can be exploited as a potent biomarker for the non-invasive detection of drug resistance expressed in various cancers and, thereby, can be targeted. We summarize the current information on the involvement of MDK in drug resistance, and transcriptional regulators of its expression and highlight its potential as a cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Saikia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Nathan Cheung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Abhay Kumar Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Vaishali Kapoor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
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9
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Decaesteker B, Louwagie A, Loontiens S, De Vloed F, Bekaert SL, Roels J, Vanhauwaert S, De Brouwer S, Sanders E, Berezovskaya A, Denecker G, D'haene E, Van Haver S, Van Loocke W, Van Dorpe J, Creytens D, Van Roy N, Pieters T, Van Neste C, Fischer M, Van Vlierberghe P, Roberts SS, Schulte J, Ek S, Versteeg R, Koster J, van Nes J, Zimmerman M, De Preter K, Speleman F. SOX11 regulates SWI/SNF complex components as member of the adrenergic neuroblastoma core regulatory circuitry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1267. [PMID: 36882421 PMCID: PMC9992472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The pediatric extra-cranial tumor neuroblastoma displays a low mutational burden while recurrent copy number alterations are present in most high-risk cases. Here, we identify SOX11 as a dependency transcription factor in adrenergic neuroblastoma based on recurrent chromosome 2p focal gains and amplifications, specific expression in the normal sympatho-adrenal lineage and adrenergic neuroblastoma, regulation by multiple adrenergic specific (super-)enhancers and strong dependency on high SOX11 expression in adrenergic neuroblastomas. SOX11 regulated direct targets include genes implicated in epigenetic control, cytoskeleton and neurodevelopment. Most notably, SOX11 controls chromatin regulatory complexes, including 10 SWI/SNF core components among which SMARCC1, SMARCA4/BRG1 and ARID1A. Additionally, the histone deacetylase HDAC2, PRC1 complex component CBX2, chromatin-modifying enzyme KDM1A/LSD1 and pioneer factor c-MYB are regulated by SOX11. Finally, SOX11 is identified as a core transcription factor of the core regulatory circuitry (CRC) in adrenergic high-risk neuroblastoma with a potential role as epigenetic master regulator upstream of the CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bieke Decaesteker
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium. .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
| | - Amber Louwagie
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Siebe Loontiens
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Fanny De Vloed
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Lee Bekaert
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Juliette Roels
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Suzanne Vanhauwaert
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sara De Brouwer
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Ellen Sanders
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Alla Berezovskaya
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Geertrui Denecker
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Eva D'haene
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Van Haver
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Wouter Van Loocke
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Creytens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nadine Van Roy
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Tim Pieters
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Neste
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department for Experimental Pediatric Oncology, and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Stephen S Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Johannes Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Sara Ek
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rogier Versteeg
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van Nes
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Department of Biomolecular medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium. .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
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10
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Bonefas KM, Vallianatos CN, Raines B, Tronson NC, Iwase S. Sexually Dimorphic Alterations in the Transcriptome and Behavior with Loss of Histone Demethylase KDM5C. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040637. [PMID: 36831303 PMCID: PMC9954040 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin dysregulation has emerged as a major hallmark of neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The prevalence of ID and ASD is higher in males compared to females, with unknown mechanisms. Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked syndromic, Claes-Jensen type (MRXSCJ), is caused by loss-of-function mutations of lysine demethylase 5C (KDM5C), a histone H3K4 demethylase gene. KDM5C escapes X-inactivation, thereby presenting at a higher level in females. Initially, MRXSCJ was exclusively reported in males, while it is increasingly evident that females with heterozygous KDM5C mutations can show cognitive deficits. The mouse model of MRXSCJ, male Kdm5c-hemizygous knockout animals, recapitulates key features of human male patients. However, the behavioral and molecular traits of Kdm5c-heterozygous female mice remain incompletely characterized. Here, we report that gene expression and behavioral abnormalities are readily detectable in Kdm5c-heterozygous female mice, demonstrating the requirement for a higher KDM5C dose in females. Furthermore, we found both shared and sex-specific consequences of a reduced KDM5C dose in social behavior, gene expression, and genetic interaction with the counteracting enzyme KMT2A. These observations provide an essential insight into the sex-biased manifestation of neurodevelopmental disorders and sex chromosome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Bonefas
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christina N. Vallianatos
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brynne Raines
- Department of Psychology, College of LS&A, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Natalie C. Tronson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of LS&A, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (N.C.T.); (S.I.)
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (N.C.T.); (S.I.)
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11
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Kim DH, Cho HJ, Park CY, Cho MS, Kim DW. Transplantation of PSA-NCAM-Positive Neural Precursors from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Promotes Functional Recovery in an Animal Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:1349-1358. [PMID: 36036887 PMCID: PMC9679075 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in permanent impairment of motor and sensory functions at and below the lesion site. There is no therapeutic option to the functional recovery of SCI involving diverse injury responses of different cell types in the lesion that limit endogenous nerve regeneration. In this regard, cell replacement therapy utilizing stem cells or their derivatives has become a highly promising approach to promote locomotor recovery. For this reason, the demand for a safe and efficient multipotent cell source that can differentiate into various neural cells is increasing. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of human polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM)-positive neural precursor cells (hNPCsPSA-NCAM+) as a treatment for SCI. METHODS One hundred thousand hNPCsPSA-NCAM+ isolated from human embryonic stem cell-derived NPCs were transplanted into the lesion site by microinjection 7 days after contusive SCI at the thoracic level. We examined the histological characteristics of the graft and behavioral improvement in the SCI rats 10 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS Locomotor activity improvement was estimated by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. Behavioral tests revealed that the transplantation of the hNPCsPSA-NCAM+ into the injured spinal cords of rats significantly improved locomotor function. Histological examination showed that hNPCsPSA-NCAM+ had differentiated into neural cells and successfully integrated into the host tissue with no evidence of tumor formation. We investigated cytokine expressions, which led to the early therapeutic effect of hNPCsPSA-NCAM+, and found that some undifferentiated NPCs still expressed midkine, a well-known neurotrophic factor involved in neural development and inflammatory responses, 10 weeks after transplantation. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that hNPCsPSA-NCAM+ serve as a safe and efficient cell source which has the potential to improve impaired motor function following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea
| | - Chul-Yong Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea
| | - Myung Soo Cho
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd, 2nd Floor, 28 Seongsui-ro 26-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04797, South Korea.
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12
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Ni MZ, Zhang YM, Li Y, Wu QT, Zhang ZZ, Chen J, Luo BL, Li XW, Chen GH. Environmental enrichment improves declined cognition induced by prenatal inflammatory exposure in aged CD-1 mice: Role of NGPF2 and PSD-95. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1021237. [PMID: 36479357 PMCID: PMC9720164 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1021237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research suggests that prenatal inflammatory exposure could accelerate age-related cognitive decline that may be resulted from neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction during aging. Environmental enrichment (EE) may mitigate the cognitive and synaptic deficits. Neurite growth-promoting factor 2 (NGPF2) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) play critical roles in neuroinflammation and synaptic function, respectively. METHODS We examined whether this adversity and EE exposure can cause alterations in Ngpf2 and Psd-95 expression. In this study, CD-1 mice received intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (50 μg/kg) or normal saline from gestational days 15-17. After weaning, half of the male offspring under each treatment were exposed to EE. The Morris water maze was used to assess spatial learning and memory at 3 and 15 months of age, whereas quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to measure hippocampal mRNA and protein levels of NGPF2 and PSD-95, respectively. Meanwhile, serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The results showed that aged mice exhibited poor spatial learning and memory ability, elevated NGPF2 mRNA and protein levels, and decreased PSD-95 mRNA and protein levels relative to their young counterparts during natural aging. Embryonic inflammatory exposure accelerated age-related changes in spatial cognition, and in Ngpf2 and Psd-95 expression. Additionally, the levels of Ngpf2 and Psd-95 products were significantly positively and negatively correlated with cognitive dysfunction, respectively, particularly in prenatal inflammation-exposed aged mice. Changes in serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α reflective of systemic inflammation and their correlation with cognitive decline during accelerated aging were similar to those of hippocampal NGPF2. EE exposure could partially restore the accelerated decline in age-related cognitive function and in Psd-95 expression, especially in aged mice. DISCUSSION Overall, the aggravated cognitive disabilities in aged mice may be related to the alterations in Ngpf2 and Psd-95 expression and in systemic state of inflammation due to prenatal inflammatory exposure, and long-term EE exposure may ameliorate this cognitive impairment by upregulating Psd-95 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Ni
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi-Tao Wu
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bao-Ling Luo
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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13
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Chen J, Fu Z, Bustillo JR, Perrone-Bizzozero NI, Lin D, Canive J, Pearlson GD, Stephen JM, Mayer AR, Potkin SG, van Erp TGM, Kochunov P, Elliot Hong L, Adhikari BM, Andreassen OA, Agartz I, Westlye LT, Sui J, Du Y, Macciardi F, Hanlon FM, Jung RE, Turner JA, Liu J, Calhoun VD. Genome-Transcriptome-Functional Connectivity-Cognition Link Differentiates Schizophrenia From Bipolar Disorder. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:1306-1317. [PMID: 35988022 PMCID: PMC9673262 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share genetic risk factors, yet patients display differential levels of cognitive impairment. We hypothesized a genome-transcriptome-functional connectivity (frontoparietal)-cognition pathway linked to SZ-versus-BD differences, and conducted a multiscale study to delineate this pathway. STUDY DESIGNS Large genome-wide studies provided single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) conferring more risk for SZ than BD, and we identified their regulated genes, namely SZ-biased SNPs and genes. We then (a) computed the polygenic risk score for SZ (PRSSZ) of SZ-biased SNPs and examined its associations with imaging-based frontoparietal functional connectivity (FC) and cognitive performances; (b) examined the spatial correlation between ex vivo postmortem expressions of SZ-biased genes and in vivo, SZ-related FC disruptions across frontoparietal regions; (c) investigated SZ-versus-BD differences in frontoparietal FC; and (d) assessed the associations of frontoparietal FC with cognitive performances. STUDY RESULTS PRSSZ of SZ-biased SNPs was significantly associated with frontoparietal FC and working memory test scores. SZ-biased genes' expressions significantly correlated with SZ-versus-BD differences in FC across frontoparietal regions. SZ patients showed more reductions in frontoparietal FC than BD patients compared to controls. Frontoparietal FC was significantly associated with test scores of multiple cognitive domains including working memory, and with the composite scores of all cognitive domains. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these multiscale findings support the hypothesis that SZ-biased genetic risk, through transcriptome regulation, is linked to frontoparietal dysconnectivity, which in turn contributes to differential cognitive deficits in SZ-versus BD, suggesting that potential biomarkers for more precise patient stratification and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nora I Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Dongdong Lin
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jose Canive
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Bhim M Adhikari
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jing Sui
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Du
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Rex E Jung
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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14
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Li XL, Wang B, Yang FB, Chen LG, You J. HOXA11-AS aggravates microglia-induced neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1096-1105. [PMID: 34558538 PMCID: PMC8552838 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.322645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in many pathophysiological processes after traumatic brain injury by mediating neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Homeobox A11 antisense RNA (HOXA11-AS) is a member of the lncRNA family that has been reported to participate in many inflammatory reactions; however, its role in traumatic brain injury remains unclear. In this study, we established rat models of traumatic brain injury using a weight-drop hitting device and injected LV-HOXA11-AS into the right lateral ventricle 2 weeks before modeling. The results revealed that overexpression of HOXA11-AS aggravated neurological deficits in traumatic brain injury rats, increased brain edema and apoptosis, promoted the secretion of proinflammatory factors interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α, and promoted the activation of astrocytes and microglia. Microglia were treated with 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide for 24 hours to establish in vitro cell models, and then transfected with pcDNA-HOXA11-AS, miR-124-3p mimic, or sh-MDK. The results revealed that HOXA11-AS inhibited miR-124-3p expression and boosted MDK expression and TLR4-nuclear factor-κB pathway activation. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide enhanced potent microglia-induced inflammatory responses in astrocytes. Forced overexpression of miR-124-3p or downregulating MDK repressed microglial activation and the inflammatory response of astrocytes. However, the miR-124-3p-mediated anti-inflammatory effects were reversed by HOXA11-AS. These findings suggest that HOXA11-AS can aggravate neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury by modulating the miR-124-3p-MDK axis. This study was approved by the Animal Protection and Use Committee of Southwest Medical University (approval No. SMU-2019-042) on February 4, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Long Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center and Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Functions, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fu-Bing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center and Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Functions, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jian You
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center and Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Functions, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
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15
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García‐Jiménez MJ, Gil‐Caballero S, Maza S, Corzana F, Juárez‐Vicente F, Miles JR, Sakamoto K, Kadomatsu K, García‐Domínguez M, de Paz JL, Nieto PM. Midkine Interaction with Chondroitin Sulfate Model Synthetic Tetrasaccharides and Their Mimetics: The Role of Aromatic Interactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:12395-12409. [PMID: 34213045 PMCID: PMC8457220 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a neurotrophic factor that participates in the embryonic central nervous system (CNS) development and neural stem cell regulation, interacting with sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the natural ligand in the CNS. In this work, we describe the interactions between a library of synthetic models of CS-types and mimics. We did a structural study of this library by NMR and MD (Molecular Dynamics), concluding that the basic shape is controlled by similar geometry of the glycosidic linkages. Their 3D structures are a helix with four residues per turn, almost linear. We have studied the tetrasaccharide-midkine complexes by ligand observed NMR techniques and concluded that the shape of the ligands does not change upon binding. The ligand orientation into the complex is very variable. It is placed inside the central cavity of MK formed by the two structured beta-sheets domains linked by an intrinsically disordered region (IDR). Docking analysis confirmed the participation of aromatics residues from MK completed with electrostatic interactions. Finally, we test the biological activity by increasing the MK expression using CS tetrasaccharides and their capacity in enhancing the growth stimulation effect of MK in NIH3T3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José García‐Jiménez
- Glycosystems LaboratoryInstituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)cicCartujaCSICUniversidad de SevillaC/ Américo Vespucio, 4941092SevillaSpain
| | - Sergio Gil‐Caballero
- Glycosystems LaboratoryInstituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)cicCartujaCSICUniversidad de SevillaC/ Américo Vespucio, 4941092SevillaSpain
- Current Address: Universitat de GironaEdifici Jaume Casademont Porta E, Parc CientíficGironaSpain
| | - Susana Maza
- Glycosystems LaboratoryInstituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)cicCartujaCSICUniversidad de SevillaC/ Américo Vespucio, 4941092SevillaSpain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of La RiojaLogroño (La Rioja)Spain
| | - Francisco Juárez‐Vicente
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMERCSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de OlavideC/ Américo Vespucio, 2441092SevillaSpain
| | - Jonathan R. Miles
- Glycosystems LaboratoryInstituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)cicCartujaCSICUniversidad de SevillaC/ Américo Vespucio, 4941092SevillaSpain
| | - Kazuma Sakamoto
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE)Departments of BiochemistryNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-kuNagoya466-8550Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE)Departments of BiochemistryNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-kuNagoya466-8550Japan
| | - Mario García‐Domínguez
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMERCSIC-Universidad de Sevilla-Universidad Pablo de OlavideC/ Américo Vespucio, 2441092SevillaSpain
| | - José L. de Paz
- Glycosystems LaboratoryInstituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)cicCartujaCSICUniversidad de SevillaC/ Américo Vespucio, 4941092SevillaSpain
| | - Pedro M. Nieto
- Glycosystems LaboratoryInstituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)cicCartujaCSICUniversidad de SevillaC/ Américo Vespucio, 4941092SevillaSpain
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16
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Zhou Z, He G, Zhang X, Lv X, Zhang X, Liu A, Xia S, Xie H, Dang R, Han L, Qi J, Meng Y, Yu S, Xie W, Jia Z. NGPF2 triggers synaptic scaling up through ALK-LIMK-cofilin-mediated mechanisms. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109515. [PMID: 34407403 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic scaling is an extensively studied form of homeostatic plasticity critically involved in various brain functions. Although it is accepted that synaptic scaling is expressed through the postsynaptic accumulation of AMPA receptors (AMPARs), the induction mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we show that TTX treatment induces rapid but transient release of the neurite growth-promoting factor 2 (NGPF2), and this release is necessary and sufficient for TTX-induced scaling up. In addition, we show that inhibition of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-LIMK-cofilin signaling pathway blocks TTX- and NGPF2-induced synaptic scaling up. Furthermore, we show that TTX-induced release of NGPF2 is protein synthesis dependent and requires fragile X mental retardation protein 1 (FMRP1). These results indicate that activity blockade induces NGPF2 synthesis and release to trigger synaptic scaling up through LIMK-cofilin-dependent actin reorganization, spine enlargement, and stabilization of AMPARs at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, the Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Guiqin He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, the Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shuting Xia
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Rui Dang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lifang Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Junxia Qi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yanghong Meng
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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17
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Gowhari Shabgah A, Ezzatifar F, Aravindhan S, Olegovna Zekiy A, Ahmadi M, Gheibihayat SM, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. Shedding more light on the role of Midkine in hepatocellular carcinoma: New perspectives on diagnosis and therapy. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:659-669. [PMID: 33625758 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common malignant tumors is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Progression of HCC mainly results from highly complex molecular and pathological pathways. Midkine (MDK) is a growth factor that impacts viability, migration, and other cell activities. Since MDK has been involved in the inflammatory responses, it has been claimed that MDK has a crucial role in HCC. MDK acts as an anti-apoptotic factor, which mediates tumor cell viability. In addition, MDK blocks anoikis to promote metastasis. There is also evidence that MDK is involved in angiogenesis. It has been shown that the application of anti-MDK approaches might be promising in the treatment of HCC. Besides, due to the elevated expression in HCC, MDK has been proposed as a biomarker in the prognosis and diagnosis of HCC. In this review, we will discuss the role of MDK in HCC. It is hoped that the development of new strategies concerning MDK-based therapies will be promising in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Gowhari Shabgah
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ezzatifar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Surendar Aravindhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Angelina Olegovna Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq
- Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
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18
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Campbell WA, Fritsch-Kelleher A, Palazzo I, Hoang T, Blackshaw S, Fischer AJ. Midkine is neuroprotective and influences glial reactivity and the formation of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells in chick and mouse retinas. Glia 2021; 69:1515-1539. [PMID: 33569849 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest midkine (MDK) is involved in the development and regeneration of the zebrafish retina. We investigate the expression patterns of MDK and related factors, roles in neuronal survival, and influence upon the formation of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs) in chick and mouse model systems. By using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we find that MDK and pleiotrophin (PTN), a MDK-related cytokine, are upregulated by Müller glia (MG) during later stages of development in chick. While PTN is downregulated, MDK is dramatically upregulated in mature MG after retinal damage or FGF2 and insulin treatment. By comparison, MDK and PTN are downregulated by MG in damaged mouse retinas. In both chick and mouse retinas, exogenous MDK induces expression of cFos and pS6 in MG. In the chick, MDK significantly decreases numbers dying neurons, reactive microglia, and proliferating MGPCs, whereas PTN has no effect. Inhibition of MDK-signaling with Na3 VO4 blocks neuroprotective effects with an increase in the number of dying cells and negates the pro-proliferative effects on MGPCs in damaged retinas. Inhibitors of PP2A and Pak1, which are associated with MDK-signaling through integrin β1, suppressed the formation of MGPCs in damaged chick retinas. In mice, MDK promotes a small but significant increase in proliferating MGPCs in damaged retinas and potently decreases the number of dying cells. We conclude that MDK expression is dynamically regulated in Müller glia during embryonic maturation, following retinal injury, and during reprogramming into MGPCs. MDK mediates glial activity, neuronal survival, and the re-programming of Müller glia into proliferating MGPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren A Campbell
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda Fritsch-Kelleher
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Isabella Palazzo
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thanh Hoang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andy J Fischer
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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19
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Huang S, Ziegler CGK, Austin J, Mannoun N, Vukovic M, Ordovas-Montanes J, Shalek AK, von Andrian UH. Lymph nodes are innervated by a unique population of sensory neurons with immunomodulatory potential. Cell 2020; 184:441-459.e25. [PMID: 33333021 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Barrier tissue immune responses are regulated in part by nociceptors. Nociceptor ablation alters local immune responses at peripheral sites and within draining lymph nodes (LNs). The mechanisms and significance of nociceptor-dependent modulation of LN function are unknown. Using high-resolution imaging, viral tracing, single-cell transcriptomics, and optogenetics, we identified and functionally tested a sensory neuro-immune circuit that is responsive to lymph-borne inflammatory signals. Transcriptomics profiling revealed that multiple sensory neuron subsets, predominantly peptidergic nociceptors, innervate LNs, distinct from those innervating surrounding skin. To uncover LN-resident cells that may interact with LN-innervating sensory neurons, we generated a LN single-cell transcriptomics atlas and nominated nociceptor target populations and interaction modalities. Optogenetic stimulation of LN-innervating sensory fibers triggered rapid transcriptional changes in the predicted interacting cell types, particularly endothelium, stromal cells, and innate leukocytes. Thus, a unique population of sensory neurons monitors peripheral LNs and may locally regulate gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Huang
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Carly G K Ziegler
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Austin
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Najat Mannoun
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marko Vukovic
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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20
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Oettel M, Zentel HJ, Nickisch K. A progestin isn't a progestin: dienogest for endometriosis as a blueprint for future research - Review as a contribution for discussion. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2020; 42:133-142. [PMID: 32663169 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The different etiopathogenetic mechanisms and the diversity of clinical features of endometriosis has not yet allowed to identify a causal pharmacological monotherapy satisfying the unresolved medical needs in this important female disease. Therefore, despite the search for new therapeutic principles for the indication, the strategy of gradual optimization of established therapeutic principles should not be disregarded.In the case of progestins, the fact that each compound has its own, specific profile may allow to study the therapeutic relevance of the various signal cascades influenced by their receptors.Using the example of the progestin dienogest, the different genomic and non-genomic mechanisms of action are discussed. It is pharmacodynamic profile is unique compared to other progestins.In light of the emerging multitude of pathomechanisms in endometriosis, a monotherapy may not be possible, and then the search for broad spectrum compounds or combination therapies with dual or multiple mode of action in a clinically relevant dose range might be considered. The progestogenic action may greatly benefit from, by way of example, additional anti-inflammatory and/or anti-fibrotic and/or pro-apoptotic activities. Such a strategy could lead to new drug classes.
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21
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Midkine-a functions as a universal regulator of proliferation during epimorphic regeneration in adult zebrafish. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232308. [PMID: 32530962 PMCID: PMC7292404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish have the ability to regenerate damaged cells and tissues by activating quiescent stem and progenitor cells or reprogramming differentiated cells into regeneration-competent precursors. Proliferation among the cells that will functionally restore injured tissues is a fundamental biological process underlying regeneration. Midkine-a is a cytokine growth factor, whose expression is strongly induced by injury in a variety of tissues across a range of vertebrate classes. Using a zebrafish Midkine-a loss of function mutant, we evaluated regeneration of caudal fin, extraocular muscle and retinal neurons to investigate the function of Midkine-a during epimorphic regeneration. In wildtype zebrafish, injury among these tissues induces robust proliferation and rapid regeneration. In Midkine-a mutants, the initial proliferation in each of these tissues is significantly diminished or absent. Regeneration of the caudal fin and extraocular muscle is delayed; regeneration of the retina is nearly completely absent. These data demonstrate that Midkine-a is universally required in the signaling pathways that convert tissue injury into the initial burst of cell proliferation. Further, these data highlight differences in the molecular mechanisms that regulate epimorphic regeneration in zebrafish.
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22
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Hong JY, Davaa G, Yoo H, Hong K, Hyun JK. Ascorbic Acid Promotes Functional Restoration after Spinal Cord Injury Partly by Epigenetic Modulation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051310. [PMID: 32466098 PMCID: PMC7290865 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) is difficult to achieve, and no fundamental treatment can be applied in clinical settings. DNA methylation has been suggested to play a role in regeneration capacity and neuronal growth after SCI by controlling the expression of regeneration-associated genes (RAGs). The aim of this study was to examine changes in neuronal DNA methylation status after SCI and to determine whether modulation of DNA methylation with ascorbic acid can enhance neuronal regeneration or functional restoration after SCI. Changes in epigenetic marks (5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC)); the expression of Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family genes; and the expression of genes related to inflammation, regeneration, and degeneration in the brain motor cortex were determined following SCI. The 5hmC level within the brain was increased after SCI, especially in the acute and subacute stages, and the mRNA levels of Tet gene family members (Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3) were also increased. Administration of ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) to SCI rats enhanced 5hmC levels; increased the expression of the Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3 genes within the brain motor cortex; promoted axonal sprouting within the lesion cavity of the spinal cord; and enhanced recovery of locomotor function until 12 weeks. In conclusion, we found that epigenetic status in the brain motor cortex is changed after SCI and that epigenetic modulation using ascorbic acid may contribute to functional recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Hong
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (G.D.)
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Ganchimeg Davaa
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (G.D.)
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yoo
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (J.K.H.); Tel.: +82-10-3678-7189 (K.H.); +81-10-2293-3415 (J.K.H.)
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (G.D.)
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Wiregene, Co., Ltd., Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (J.K.H.); Tel.: +82-10-3678-7189 (K.H.); +81-10-2293-3415 (J.K.H.)
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23
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López-Valero I, Dávila D, González-Martínez J, Salvador-Tormo N, Lorente M, Saiz-Ladera C, Torres S, Gabicagogeascoa E, Hernández-Tiedra S, García-Taboada E, Mendiburu-Eliçabe M, Rodríguez-Fornés F, Sánchez-Domínguez R, Segovia JC, Sánchez-Gómez P, Matheu A, Sepúlveda JM, Velasco G. Midkine signaling maintains the self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity of glioma initiating cells. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:5120-5136. [PMID: 32308772 PMCID: PMC7163450 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. It has been proposed that the presence within these tumors of a population of cells with stem-like features termed Glioma Initiating Cells (GICs) is responsible for the relapses that take place in the patients with this disease. Targeting this cell population is therefore an issue of great therapeutic interest in neuro-oncology. We had previously found that the neurotrophic factor MIDKINE (MDK) promotes resistance to glioma cell death. The main objective of this work is therefore investigating the role of MDK in the regulation of GICs. Methods: Assays of gene and protein expression, self-renewal capacity, autophagy and apoptosis in cultures of GICs derived from GBM samples subjected to different treatments. Analysis of the growth of GICs-derived xenografts generated in mice upon blockade of the MDK and its receptor the ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) upon exposure to different treatments. Results: Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of MDK or ALK decreases the self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity of GICs via the autophagic degradation of the transcription factor SOX9. Blockade of the MDK/ALK axis in combination with temozolomide depletes the population of GICs in vitro and has a potent anticancer activity in xenografts derived from GICs. Conclusions: The MDK/ALK axis regulates the self-renewal capacity of GICs by controlling the autophagic degradation of the transcription factor SOX9. Inhibition of the MDK/ALK axis may be a therapeutic strategy to target GICs in GBM patients.
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Human and mouse single-nucleus transcriptomics reveal TREM2-dependent and TREM2-independent cellular responses in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Med 2020; 26:131-142. [PMID: 31932797 PMCID: PMC6980793 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glia have been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Variants of the microglia receptor TREM2 increase AD risk and activation of “disease-associated microglia” (DAM) is dependent on TREM2 in mouse models of AD. We surveyed gene expression changes associated with AD pathology and TREM2 in 5XFAD mice and human AD by snRNA-seq. We confirmed the presence of Trem2-dependent DAM and identified a novel Serpina3n+C4b+ reactive oligodendrocyte population in mice. Interestingly, remarkably different glial phenotypes were evident in human AD. Microglia signature was reminiscent of IRF8-driven reactive microglia in peripheral nerve injury. Oligodendrocyte signatures suggested impaired axonal myelination and metabolic adaptation to neuronal degeneration. Astrocyte profiles indicated weakened metabolic coordination with neurons. Notably, the reactive phenotype of microglia was less palpable in TREM2 R47H and R62H carriers than in non-carriers, demonstrating a TREM2 requirement in both mouse and human AD, despite the marked species-specific differences.
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Midkine-a Is Required for Cell Cycle Progression of Müller Glia during Neuronal Regeneration in the Vertebrate Retina. J Neurosci 2019; 40:1232-1247. [PMID: 31882403 PMCID: PMC7002140 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1675-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the retina of zebrafish, Müller glia have the ability to reprogram into stem cells capable of regenerating all classes of retinal neurons and restoring visual function. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the stem cell properties of Müller glia in zebrafish may provide cues to unlock the regenerative potential in the mammalian nervous system. Midkine is a cytokine/growth factor with multiple roles in neural development, tissue repair, and disease. In the retina of zebrafish, Müller glia have the ability to reprogram into stem cells capable of regenerating all classes of retinal neurons and restoring visual function. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the stem cell properties of Müller glia in zebrafish may provide cues to unlock the regenerative potential in the mammalian nervous system. Midkine is a cytokine/growth factor with multiple roles in neural development, tissue repair, and disease. In midkine-a loss-of-function mutants of both sexes, Müller glia initiate the appropriate reprogramming response to photoreceptor death by increasing expression of stem cell-associated genes, and entering the G1 phase of the cell cycle. However, transition from G1 to S phase is blocked in the absence of Midkine-a, resulting in significantly reduced proliferation and selective failure to regenerate cone photoreceptors. Failing to progress through the cell cycle, Müller glia undergo reactive gliosis, a pathological hallmark in the injured CNS of mammals. Finally, we determined that the Midkine-a receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, is upstream of the HLH regulatory protein, Id2a, and of the retinoblastoma gene, p130, which regulates progression through the cell cycle. These results demonstrate that Midkine-a functions as a core component of the mechanisms that regulate proliferation of stem cells in the injured CNS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The death of retinal neurons and photoreceptors is a leading cause of vision loss. Regenerating retinal neurons is a therapeutic goal. Zebrafish can regenerate retinal neurons from intrinsic stem cells, Müller glia, and are a powerful model to understand how stem cells might be used therapeutically. Midkine-a, an injury-induced growth factor/cytokine that is expressed by Müller glia following neuronal death, is required for Müller glia to progress through the cell cycle. The absence of Midkine-a suspends proliferation and neuronal regeneration. With cell cycle progression stalled, Müller glia undergo reactive gliosis, a pathological hallmark of the mammalian retina. This work provides a unique insight into mechanisms that control the cell cycle during neuronal regeneration.
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Cui H, Srinivasan S, Korkin D. Enriching Human Interactome with Functional Mutations to Detect High-Impact Network Modules Underlying Complex Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E933. [PMID: 31731769 PMCID: PMC6895925 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid progress in high-throughput -omics technologies moves us one step closer to the datacalypse in life sciences. In spite of the already generated volumes of data, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying complex genetic diseases remains limited. Increasing evidence shows that biological networks are essential, albeit not sufficient, for the better understanding of these mechanisms. The identification of disease-specific functional modules in the human interactome can provide a more focused insight into the mechanistic nature of the disease. However, carving a disease network module from the whole interactome is a difficult task. In this paper, we propose a computational framework, Discovering most IMpacted SUbnetworks in interactoMe (DIMSUM), which enables the integration of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and functional effects of mutations into the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to improve disease module detection. Specifically, our approach incorporates and propagates the functional impact of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) on PPIs to implicate the genes that are most likely influenced by the disruptive mutations, and to identify the module with the greatest functional impact. Comparison against state-of-the-art seed-based module detection methods shows that our approach could yield modules that are biologically more relevant and have stronger association with the studied disease. We expect for our method to become a part of the common toolbox for the disease module analysis, facilitating the discovery of new disease markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhu Cui
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Suhas Srinivasan
- Data Science Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA;
| | - Dmitry Korkin
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
- Data Science Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA;
- Computer Science Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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Villoslada P, Vila G, Colafrancesco V, Moreno B, Fernandez-Diez B, Vazquez R, Pertsovskaya I, Zubizarreta I, Pulido-Valdeolivas I, Messeguer J, Vendrell-Navarro G, Frade JM, López-Sánchez N, Teixido M, Giralt E, Masso M, Dugas JC, Leonoudakis D, Lariosa-Willingham KD, Steinman L, Messeguer A. Axonal and Myelin Neuroprotection by the Peptoid BN201 in Brain Inflammation. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:808-827. [PMID: 30815844 PMCID: PMC6694325 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of neuroprotective therapies is a sought-after goal. By screening combinatorial chemical libraries using in vitro assays, we identified the small molecule BN201 that promotes the survival of cultured neural cells when subjected to oxidative stress or when deprived of trophic factors. Moreover, BN201 promotes neuronal differentiation, the differentiation of precursor cells to mature oligodendrocytes in vitro, and the myelination of new axons. BN201 modulates several kinases participating in the insulin growth factor 1 pathway including serum-glucocorticoid kinase and midkine, inducing the phosphorylation of NDRG1 and the translocation of the transcription factor Foxo3 to the cytoplasm. In vivo, BN201 prevents axonal and neuronal loss, and it promotes remyelination in models of multiple sclerosis, chemically induced demyelination, and glaucoma. In summary, we provide a new promising strategy to promote neuroaxonal survival and remyelination, potentially preventing disability in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Villoslada
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Vila
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeria Colafrancesco
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Moreno
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Fernandez-Diez
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Vazquez
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inna Pertsovskaya
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irati Zubizarreta
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Messeguer
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Gloria Vendrell-Navarro
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Frade
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, 28002, Spain
| | - Noelia López-Sánchez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, 28002, Spain
| | | | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Mar Masso
- Bionure Farma SL, Barcelona, 94025, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Angel Messeguer
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
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Cui R, Lwigale P. Expression of the heparin-binding growth factors Midkine and pleiotrophin during ocular development. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 32:28-37. [PMID: 30825522 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Midkine (MDK) and Pleiotrophin (PTN) belong to a group of heparin-binding growth factors that has been shown to have pleiotropic functions in various biological processes during development and disease. Development of the vertebrate eye is a multistep process that involves coordinated interactions between neuronal and non-neuronal cells, but very little is known about the potential function of MDK and PTN in these processes. In this study, we demonstrate by section in situ hybridization, the spatiotemporal expression of MDK and PTN during ocular development in chick and mouse. We show that MDK and PTN are expressed in dynamic patterns that overlap in a few non-neuronal tissues in the anterior eye and in neuronal cell layers of the posterior eye. We show that the expression patterns of MDK and PTN are only conserved in a few tissues in chick and mouse but they overlap with the expression of some of their receptors LRP1, RPTPZ, ALK, NOTCH2, ITGβ1, SDC1, and SDC3. The dynamic expression patterns of MDK, PTN and their receptors suggest that they function together during the multistep process of ocular development and they may play important roles in cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration of neuronal and non-neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruda Cui
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Lwigale
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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Pazo A, Pérez-González A, Oliveros JC, Huarte M, Chavez JP, Nieto A. hCLE/RTRAF-HSPC117-DDX1-FAM98B: A New Cap-Binding Complex That Activates mRNA Translation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:92. [PMID: 30833903 PMCID: PMC6388641 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
hCLE/C14orf166/RTRAF, DDX1, and HSPC117 are components of cytoplasmic mRNA-transporting granules kinesin-associated in dendrites. They have also been found in cytoplasmic ribosome-containing RNA granules that transport specific mRNAs halted for translation until specific neuronal signals renders them accessible to the translation machinery. hCLE associates to DDX1, HSPC117, and FAM98B in HEK293T cells and all four proteins bind to cap analog-containing resins. Competition and elution experiments indicate that binding of hCLE complex to cap resins is independent of eIF4E; the cap-binding factor needed for translation. Purified hCLE free of its associated proteins binds cap with low affinity suggesting that its interacting proteins modulate its cap association. hCLE silencing reduces hCLE accumulation and that of its interacting proteins and decreases mRNA translation. hCLE-associated RNAs have been isolated and sequenced; RNAs involved in mRNA translation are specifically associated. The data suggest that RNA granules may co-transport RNAs encoding proteins involved in specific functions together with RNAs that encode proteins needed for the translation of these specific RNAs and indicate an important role for hCLE modulating mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Pazo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Pérez-González
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maite Huarte
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Chavez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amelia Nieto
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Le Belle JE, Kornblum HI. Interactive Regulation of Neuronal Development by Hippocampal Stem Cell Niche Populations. Neuron 2019; 101:1-2. [PMID: 30605653 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microenvironment cues and cell-to-cell interactions balance stem cell quiescence with proliferation and direct neurogenesis in the adult hippocampal niche. Tang et al. report that hippocampal stem cells release feedback signals that regulate the dendritic complexity and activity of newborn neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Le Belle
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior and Departments of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095 United States.
| | - H I Kornblum
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior and Departments of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095 United States; Pharmacology and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095 United States
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31
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Saghaeian Jazi M, Samaei NM, Mowla SJ, Arefnezhad B, Kouhsar M. SOX2OT knockdown derived changes in mitotic regulatory gene network of cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:129. [PMID: 30202240 PMCID: PMC6126007 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT) is a long non-coding RNA, over-expressed in human tumor tissues and embryonic cells. Evidences support its function in the cell cycle; however there is no clear mechanism explaining its function in cell proliferation regulation. Here we investigated cancer cell response to SOX2OT knockdown by RNA sequencing. Methods SOX2OT expression was inhibited by siRNA in two cancer cell lines (A549, U-87 MG), then the RNA of treated cells were used for the cDNA library synthesis and RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed genes were used for functional enrichment and the gene expression network was analyzed to find the most relevant biological process with SOX2OT function. Furthermore, the expression change of candidate genes was measured by qRT-PCR for more confirmation and the cell cycle was monitored by PI staining. Results Our findings showed that SOX2OT knockdown affects the cellular gene expression generally with enriched cell proliferation and development biological process. Particularly, the cell cycle and mitotic regulatory genes expression including: CDK2, CDK2AP2, ACTR3, and chromosome structure associated genes like SMC4, INCENP and GNL3L are changed in treated cancer cells. Conclusion Our results propound SOX2OT association with cell cycle and mitosis regulation in cancer cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0618-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Saghaeian Jazi
- 1Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nader Mansour Samaei
- 2Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Po Box: 4934174611, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- 3Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Kouhsar
- 5Laboratory of System Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), University of Tehran, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tehran, Iran
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Izrael M, Slutsky SG, Admoni T, Cohen L, Granit A, Hasson A, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Krush Paker L, Kuperstein G, Lavon N, Yehezkel Ionescu S, Solmesky LJ, Zaguri R, Zhuravlev A, Volman E, Chebath J, Revel M. Safety and efficacy of human embryonic stem cell-derived astrocytes following intrathecal transplantation in SOD1 G93A and NSG animal models. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:152. [PMID: 29871694 PMCID: PMC5989413 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron (MN) disease characterized by the loss of MNs in the central nervous system. As MNs die, patients progressively lose their ability to control voluntary movements, become paralyzed and eventually die from respiratory/deglutition failure. Despite the selective MN death in ALS, there is growing evidence that malfunctional astrocytes play a crucial role in disease progression. Thus, transplantation of healthy astrocytes may compensate for the diseased astrocytes. METHODS We developed a good manufacturing practice-grade protocol for generation of astrocytes from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The first stage of our protocol is derivation of astrocyte progenitor cells (APCs) from hESCs. These APCs can be expanded in large quantities and stored frozen as cell banks. Further differentiation of the APCs yields an enriched population of astrocytes with more than 90% GFAP expression (hES-AS). hES-AS were injected intrathecally into hSOD1G93A transgenic mice and rats to evaluate their therapeutic potential. The safety and biodistribution of hES-AS were evaluated in a 9-month study conducted in immunodeficient NSG mice under good laboratory practice conditions. RESULTS In vitro, hES-AS possess the activities of functional healthy astrocytes, including glutamate uptake, promotion of axon outgrowth and protection of MNs from oxidative stress. A secretome analysis shows that these hES-AS also secrete several inhibitors of metalloproteases as well as a variety of neuroprotective factors (e.g. TIMP-1, TIMP-2, OPN, MIF and Midkine). Intrathecal injections of the hES-AS into transgenic hSOD1G93A mice and rats significantly delayed disease onset and improved motor performance compared to sham-injected animals. A safety study in immunodeficient mice showed that intrathecal transplantation of hES-AS is safe. Transplanted hES-AS attached to the meninges along the neuroaxis and survived for the entire duration of the study without formation of tumors or teratomas. Cell-injected mice gained similar body weight to the sham-injected group and did not exhibit clinical signs that could be related to the treatment. No differences from the vehicle control were observed in hematological parameters or blood chemistry. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the safety and potential therapeutic benefits of intrathecal injection of hES-AS for the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Izrael
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shalom Guy Slutsky
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tamar Admoni
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Louisa Cohen
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Avital Granit
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Arik Hasson
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Lena Krush Paker
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Graciela Kuperstein
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Neta Lavon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shiran Yehezkel Ionescu
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Leonardo Javier Solmesky
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Rachel Zaguri
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Alina Zhuravlev
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ella Volman
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
| | - Judith Chebath
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michel Revel
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Department at Kadimastem Ltd, Pinchas Sapir 7, Weizmann Science Park, Nes-Ziona, Israel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Jiao Q, Bi L, Ren Y, Song S, Wang Q, Wang YS. Advances in studies of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their acquired resistance. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:36. [PMID: 29455664 PMCID: PMC5817861 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) is one of the major signaling enzymes in the process of cell signal transduction, which catalyzes the transfer of ATP-γ-phosphate to the tyrosine residues of the substrate protein, making it phosphorylation, regulating cell growth, differentiation, death and a series of physiological and biochemical processes. Abnormal expression of PTK usually leads to cell proliferation disorders, and is closely related to tumor invasion, metastasis and tumor angiogenesis. At present, a variety of PTKs have been used as targets in the screening of anti-tumor drugs. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) compete with ATP for the ATP binding site of PTK and reduce tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. TKI has made great progress in the treatment of cancer, but the attendant acquired acquired resistance is still inevitable, restricting the treatment of cancer. In this paper, we summarize the role of PTK in cancer, TKI treatment of tumor pathways and TKI acquired resistance mechanisms, which provide some reference for further research on TKI treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlian Jiao
- International Biotechnology R&D Center, Shandong University School of Ocean, 180 Wenhua Xi Road, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Lei Bi
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yidan Ren
- International Biotechnology R&D Center, Shandong University School of Ocean, 180 Wenhua Xi Road, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shuliang Song
- International Biotechnology R&D Center, Shandong University School of Ocean, 180 Wenhua Xi Road, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Yun-Shan Wang
- International Biotechnology R&D Center, Shandong University School of Ocean, 180 Wenhua Xi Road, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Midkine (MK) is a heparin binding growth factor and is involved in neurogenesis, neural development and neuroprotection. Additionally, MK may contribute to cancer development and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and schizophrenia. Considering these effects of MK, this study researched whether MK is involved in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) pathogenesis. METHODS We evaluated serum MK levels of 38 patients with ASD and 32 healthy control group. MK levels were measured with ELISA, while ASD severity was assessed with Childhood Autism Rating Scale. RESULTS Our data showed that the serum MK concentration in ASD patients (mean ± SD, 11.51 ± 8.53 pg/ml) is significantly higher than healthy controls (mean ± SD, 6.19 ± 3.94 pg/ml) (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS According to these results, MK may play a role in ASD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Esnafoglu
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Research and Training Hospital , Ordu University , Ordu , Turkey
| | - Selma Cirrik
- b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Ordu University , Ordu , Turkey
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Regulation of Stem Cell Properties of Müller Glia by JAK/STAT and MAPK Signaling in the Mammalian Retina. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1610691. [PMID: 28194183 PMCID: PMC5282447 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1610691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and other mammals, the neural retina does not spontaneously regenerate, and damage to the retina that kills retinal neurons results in permanent blindness. In contrast to embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and embryonic/fetal retinal stem cells, Müller glia offer an intrinsic cellular source for regenerative strategies in the retina. Müller glia are radial glial cells within the retina that maintain retinal homeostasis, buffer ion flux associated with phototransduction, and form the blood/retinal barrier within the retina proper. In injured or degenerating retinas, Müller glia contribute to gliotic responses and scar formation but also show regenerative capabilities that vary across species. In the mammalian retina, regenerative responses achieved to date remain insufficient for potential clinical applications. Activation of JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling by CNTF, EGF, and FGFs can promote proliferation and modulate the glial/neurogenic switch. However, to achieve clinical relevance, additional intrinsic and extrinsic factors that restrict or promote regenerative responses of Müller glia in the mammalian retina must be identified. This review focuses on Müller glia and Müller glial-derived stem cells in the retina and phylogenetic differences among model vertebrate species and highlights some of the current progress towards understanding the cellular mechanisms regulating their regenerative response.
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Nirgianakis K, Grandi G, McKinnon B, Bersinger N, Cagnacci A, Mueller M. Dienogest mediates midkine suppression in endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1981-6. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Jee YH, Lebenthal Y, Chaemsaithong P, Yan G, Peran I, Wellstein A, Romero R, Baron J. Midkine and Pleiotrophin Concentrations in Amniotic Fluid in Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153325. [PMID: 27089523 PMCID: PMC4835047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Midkine (MDK) and pleiotrophin (PTN) are heparin-binding growth factors that, in rodents, are highly expressed in early life and decrease to undetectable levels by adulthood. The potential roles of MDK and PTN in human growth and development are not completely elucidated. Method and Findings To delineate the role of MDK and PTN in human development, we developed high sensitivity assays to measure their concentrations in amniotic fluid (AF) at various gestational ages in both healthy and complicated pregnancies. We found that both of these growth factors could be readily measured in AF and that the concentrations were higher than most cytokines previously reported in AF. Conclusion The concentration of MDK but not that of PTN declined with gestational age. Both MDK and PTN concentrations were found to be lower in pregnancies that were complicated by chorioamnionitis at term, raising the possibility that these growth factors might be useful as markers for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Jee
- Section on Growth and Development, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yael Lebenthal
- Section on Growth and Development, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gai Yan
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Ivana Peran
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Section on Growth and Development, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lung J, Lin YC, Hung MS, Jiang YY, Lee KD, Lin PY, Tsai YH. A sensitive and high throughput TaqMan-based reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay efficiently discriminates ALK rearrangement from overexpression for lung cancer FFPE specimens. Lung Cancer 2016; 94:114-20. [PMID: 26973216 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES ALK fusion gene is an oncogenic driver in lung cancer with low prevalence, which can be ameliorated by crizotinib. Currently, ALK fusion gene can be diagnosed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), but inconstistnt results between the two methods are encountered regularly. To make the ALK fusion gene screening more efficient and to provide a simple solution to clarify the discrepancy between FISH and IHC results, a sensitive TaqMan-based reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay was established. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 3-plex TaqMan-based RT-qPCR assay was established and performed on 102 archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) NSCLC samples to detect ALK rearrangement and overexpression. Break-apart FISH and automatic immunohistochemistry based ALK assays were performed side by side using tissue microarray. RESULTS The RT-qPCR was performed successfully for 80 samples and 10 of them showed positive signals. Three out of the 10 qPCR positive cases were further confirmed by FISH and IHC test. Two others were IHC positive and FISH negative, and expressed full-length ALK transcript. The rest were neither FISH nor IHC positive and their ALK expression level was significantly lower than those FISH or IHC positive cases. CONCLUSION Our RT-qPCR assay demonstrates that the capability and reliability of ALK detection is comparable to FISH and IHC, but it is more effective at discriminating ALK rearrangement from overexpression. The RT-qPCR assay easily clarifies the discrepancy between FISH and IHC, and can be incorporated into routine ALK screening for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jrhau Lung
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi branch, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi branch, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Szu Hung
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi branch, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Yuan Jiang
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi branch, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Der Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi branch, Taiwan
| | - Paul Yann Lin
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi branch, Taiwan
| | - Ying Huang Tsai
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi branch, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Care, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Tang SL, Gao YL, Chen XB. Wnt/β-catenin up-regulates Midkine expression in glioma cells. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:12644-12649. [PMID: 26550177 PMCID: PMC4612862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Midkine, also known as neurite growth-promoting factor 2 (NEGF2), plays an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Recent studies have shown that Midkine is up-regulated in several types of human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism for its up-regulation remains poorly understood. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is viewed as crucial for multiple tumor growth and metastasis, including glioma. In the present study, we found that Wnt3a administration or transfection of a constitutively activated β-catenin promoted Midkine expression in glioma cells. We further identified a TCF/LEF binding site, with which beta-catenin interacts, on the proximal promoter region of Midkine gene, by luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Thus, our results suggest a previously unknown Wnt/β-catenin/Midkine molecular network controlling glioma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan UniversityKaifeng 475000, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Gao
- Department of Neurology, Kaifeng Central HospitalKaifeng 475000, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan UniversityKaifeng 475000, China
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Midkine-a protein localization in the developing and adult retina of the zebrafish and its function during photoreceptor regeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121789. [PMID: 25803551 PMCID: PMC4372396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Midkine is a heparin binding growth factor with important functions in neuronal development and survival, but little is known about its function in the retina. Previous studies show that in the developing zebrafish, Midkine-a (Mdka) regulates cell cycle kinetics in retinal progenitors, and following injury to the adult zebrafish retina, mdka is strongly upregulated in Müller glia and the injury-induced photoreceptor progenitors. Here we provide the first data describing Mdka protein localization during different stages of retinal development and during the regeneration of photoreceptors in adults. We also experimentally test the role of Mdka during photoreceptor regeneration. The immuno-localization of Mdka reflects the complex spatiotemporal pattern of gene expression and also reveals the apparent secretion and extracellular trafficking of this protein. During embryonic retinal development the Mdka antibodies label all mitotically active cells, but at the onset of neuronal differentiation, immunostaining is also localized to the nascent inner plexiform layer. Starting at five days post fertilization through the juvenile stage, Mdka immunostaining labels the cytoplasm of horizontal cells and the overlying somata of rod photoreceptors. Double immunolabeling shows that in adult horizontal cells, Mdka co-localizes with markers of the Golgi complex. Together, these data are interpreted to show that Mdka is synthesized in horizontal cells and secreted into the outer nuclear layer. In adults, Mdka is also present in the end feet of Müller glia. Similar to mdka gene expression, Mdka in horizontal cells is regulated by circadian rhythms. After the light-induced death of photoreceptors, Mdka immuonolabeling is localized to Müller glia, the intrinsic stem cells of the zebrafish retina, and proliferating photoreceptor progenitors. Knockdown of Mdka during photoreceptor regeneration results in less proliferation and diminished regeneration of rod photoreceptors. These data suggest that during photoreceptor regeneration Mdka regulates aspects of injury-induced cell proliferation.
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De Silva D, Kunasegaran K, Ghosh S, Pietersen AM. Transcriptome analysis of the hormone-sensing cells in mammary epithelial reveals dynamic changes in early pregnancy. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 15:7. [PMID: 25623114 PMCID: PMC4314744 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Alveoli, the milk-producing units of the mammary gland, are generated during pregnancy by collaboration of different epithelial cell types. We present the first analysis of transcriptional changes within the hormone sensing population during pregnancy. Hormone-receptor positive (HR+) cells play a key role in the initiation of alveologenesis as they sense systemic hormonal changes and translate these into local instructions for neighboring HR- cells. We recently showed that IGF2 is produced specifically by HR+ cells in early pregnancy, but is undetectable in the virgin state. Here, we define the transcriptome of HR+ cells in early pregnancy with the aim to elucidate additional changes that are unique for this dynamic developmental time window. Results We harvested mammary glands from virgin, 3-day and 7-day pregnant mice and isolated a few hundred hormone-sensing cells per animal by FACS for microarray analysis. There was a high concordance between animals with a clear induction of cell cycle progression genes at day 3 of pregnancy and molecules involved in paracrine signalling at day 7. Conclusions These findings underscore the proliferative capacity of HR+ cells upon specific stimuli and elucidate developmentally-restricted changes in cellular communication. Since the majority of breast cancers are HR+, with a variable proportion of HR+ cells per tumor, we anticipate that this data set will aid further studies into the regulation of HR+ cell proliferation and the role of heterotypic signalling within tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-015-0058-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duvini De Silva
- Laboratory of Mammary Gland Biology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore. .,Program in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College, Rd, 169857, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kamini Kunasegaran
- Laboratory of Mammary Gland Biology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore. .,Program in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College, Rd, 169857, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Program in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Alexandra M Pietersen
- Laboratory of Mammary Gland Biology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Dr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore. .,Program in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College, Rd, 169857, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
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Hugosson F, Sjögren C, Birve A, Hedlund L, Eriksson T, Palmer RH. The Drosophila midkine/pleiotrophin homologues Miple1 and Miple2 affect adult lifespan but are dispensable for alk signaling during embryonic gut formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112250. [PMID: 25380037 PMCID: PMC4224452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MDK) and Pleiotrophin (PTN) are small heparin-binding cytokines with closely related structures. The Drosophila genome harbours two genes encoding members of the MDK/PTN family of proteins, known as miple1 and miple2. We have investigated the role of Miple proteins in vivo, in particular with regard to their proposed role as ligands for the Alk receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Here we show that Miple proteins are neither required to drive Alk signaling during Drosophila embryogenesis, nor are they essential for development in the fruit fly. Additionally we show that neither MDK nor PTN can activate hALK in vivo when ectopically co-expressed in the fly. In conclusion, our data suggest that Alk is not activated by MDK/PTN related growth factors Miple1 and Miple 2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilla Sjögren
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Birve
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ruth H. Palmer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Muramatsu T, Kadomatsu K. Midkine: an emerging target of drug development for treatment of multiple diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:811-3. [PMID: 24460672 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Midkine is a multifunctional factor and has anti-apoptotic, migration-promoting, angiogenic, anti-microbial and other activities. Midkine ameliorates ischemic injury in the heart and brain, enhances oocyte maturation, and is involved in neurogenesis. On the other hand, midkine is an important factor in the etiology of various diseases, especially those with inflammatory backgrounds. Furthermore, midkine is overexpressed in most malignant tumors and plays roles in their invasive phenotypes as well as in their resistance to chemotherapeutics. Therefore, midkine itself is expected to be useful for the treatment of brain and heart diseases, while midkine inhibitors are promising for the treatment of malignant tumors, multiple sclerosis, restenosis, renal diseases, hypertension and osteoporosis. Blood levels of midkine are also expected to be helpful as disease markers, especially as cancer markers. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 470-0195, Japan
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