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González L, Díaz L, Pous J, Baginski B, Duran-Corbera A, Scarpa M, Brun-Heath I, Igea A, Martin-Malpartida P, Ruiz L, Pallara C, Esguerra M, Colizzi F, Mayor-Ruiz C, Biondi RM, Soliva R, Macias MJ, Orozco M, Nebreda AR. Characterization of p38α autophosphorylation inhibitors that target the non-canonical activation pathway. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3318. [PMID: 37308482 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
p38α is a versatile protein kinase that can control numerous processes and plays important roles in the cellular responses to stress. Dysregulation of p38α signaling has been linked to several diseases including inflammation, immune disorders and cancer, suggesting that targeting p38α could be therapeutically beneficial. Over the last two decades, numerous p38α inhibitors have been developed, which showed promising effects in pre-clinical studies but results from clinical trials have been disappointing, fueling the interest in the generation of alternative mechanisms of p38α modulation. Here, we report the in silico identification of compounds that we refer to as non-canonical p38α inhibitors (NC-p38i). By combining biochemical and structural analyses, we show that NC-p38i efficiently inhibit p38α autophosphorylation but weakly affect the activity of the canonical pathway. Our results demonstrate how the structural plasticity of p38α can be leveraged to develop therapeutic opportunities targeting a subset of the functions regulated by this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena González
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Díaz
- Nostrum Biodiscovery, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Pous
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blazej Baginski
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Duran-Corbera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margherita Scarpa
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Brun-Heath
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Igea
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Martin-Malpartida
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Ruiz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Francesco Colizzi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences ICM-CSIC, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mayor-Ruiz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo M Biondi
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Maria J Macias
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Modesto Orozco
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Li M, Wang P, Zou Y, Wang W, Zhao Y, Liu M, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Sun Y. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) signals are implicated in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15625. [PMID: 37180910 PMCID: PMC10172877 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications regulate numerous biochemical reactions and functions through covalent attachment to proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination account for over 90% of all reported post-translational modifications. As one of the tyrosine protein kinases, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) plays crucial roles in many pathophysiological processes and affects the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. SYK is expressed in tissues outside the hematopoietic system, especially the heart, and is involved in the progression of various cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, diabetic cardiomyopathy, stroke and others. Knowledge on the role of SYK in the progress of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases is accumulating, and many related mechanisms have been discovered and validated. This review summarizes the role of SYK in the progression of various cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, and aims to provide a theoretical basis for future experimental and clinical research targeting SYK as a therapeutic option for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Podyacheva E, Toropova Y. SIRT1 activation and its effect on intercalated disc proteins as a way to reduce doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1035387. [PMID: 36408244 PMCID: PMC9672938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the neoplasm is one of the main reasons for morbidity and mortality worldwide. At the same time, application of cytostatic drugs like an independent type of cancer treatment and in combination with surgical methods, is often associated with the development of cardiovascular complications both in the early and in the delayed period of treatment. Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most commonly used cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic. DOX can cause both acute and delayed side effects. The problem is still not solved, as evidenced by the continued activity of researchers in terms of developing approaches for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications. It is known, the heart muscle consists of cardiomyocytes connected by intercalated discs (ID), which ensure the structural, electrical, metabolic unity of the heart. Various defects in the ID proteins can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases of various etiologies, including DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. The search for ways to influence the functioning of ID proteins of the cardiac muscle can become the basis for the creation of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment and prevention of cardiac pathologies. SIRT1 may be an interesting cardioprotective variant due to its wide functional significance. SIRT1 activation triggers nuclear transcription programs that increase the efficiency of cellular, mitochondrial metabolism, increases resistance to oxidative stress, and promotes cell survival. It can be assumed that SIRT1 can not only provide a protective effect at the cardiomyocytes level, leading to an improvement in mitochondrial and metabolic functions, reducing the effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, but also have a protective effect on the functioning of IDs structures of the cardiac muscle.
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Arencibia A, Salazar LA. Microarray meta-analysis reveals IL6 and p38β/MAPK11 as potential targets of hsa-miR-124 in endothelial progenitor cells: Implications for stent re-endothelization in diabetic patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:964721. [PMID: 36176980 PMCID: PMC9513120 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.964721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in the repair processes of damaged vessels, favoring re-endothelization of stented vessels to minimize restenosis. EPCs number and function is diminished in patients with type 2 diabetes, a known risk factor for restenosis. Considering the impact of EPCs in vascular injury repair, we conducted a meta-analysis of microarray to assess the transcriptomic profile and determine target genes during the differentiation process of EPCs into mature ECs. Five microarray datasets, including 13 EPC and 12 EC samples were analyzed, using the online tool ExpressAnalyst. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was done by Limma method, with an | log2FC| > 1 and FDR < 0.05. Combined p-value by Fisher exact method was computed for the intersection of datasets. There were 3,267 DEGs, 1,539 up-regulated and 1,728 down-regulated in EPCs, with 407 common DEGs in at least four datasets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed enrichment for terms related to “AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications.” Intersection of common DEGs, KEGG pathways genes and genes in protein-protein interaction network (PPI) identified four key genes, two up-regulated (IL1B and STAT5A) and two down-regulated (IL6 and MAPK11). MicroRNA enrichment analysis of common DEGs depicted five hub microRNA targeting 175 DEGs, including STAT5A, IL6 and MAPK11, with hsa-miR-124 as common regulator. This group of genes and microRNAs could serve as biomarkers of EPCs differentiation during coronary stenting as well as potential therapeutic targets to improve stent re-endothelization, especially in diabetic patients.
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5
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de Paula LJC, Uchida AH, Rezende PC, Soares P, Scudeler TL. Protective or Inhibitory Effect of Pharmacological Therapy on Cardiac Ischemic Preconditioning: A Literature Review. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2022; 20:409-428. [PMID: 35986546 DOI: 10.2174/1570161120666220819163025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IP) is an innate phenomenon, triggered by brief, non-lethal cycles of ischemia/reperfusion applied to a tissue or organ that confers tolerance to a subsequent more prolonged ischemic event. Once started, it can reduce the severity of myocardial ischemia associated with some clinical situations, such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and intermittent aortic clamping during coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Although the mechanisms underlying IP have not been completely elucidated, several studies have shown that this phenomenon involves the participation of cell triggers, intracellular signaling pathways, and end-effectors. Understanding this mechanism enables the development of preconditioning mimetic agents. It is known that a range of medications that activate the signaling cascades at different cellular levels can interfere with both the stimulation and the blockade of IP. Investigations of signaling pathways underlying ischemic conditioning have identified a number of therapeutic targets for pharmacological manipulation. This review aims to present and discuss the effects of several medications on myocardial IP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Cury Rezende
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Soares
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Luis Scudeler
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Lasa M, Contreras-Jurado C. Thyroid hormones act as modulators of inflammation through their nuclear receptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:937099. [PMID: 36004343 PMCID: PMC9393327 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.937099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal crosstalk between endocrine and immune systems has been well-documented both in physiological and pathological conditions, although the connection between the immune system and thyroid hormones (THs) remains largely unclear. Inflammation and infection are two important processes modulated by the immune system, which have profound effects on both central and peripheral THs metabolism. Conversely, optimal levels of THs are necessary for the maintenance of immune function and response. Although some effects of THs are mediated by their binding to cell membrane integrin receptors, triggering a non-genomic response, most of the actions of these hormones involve their binding to specific nuclear thyroid receptors (TRs), which generate a genomic response by modulating the activity of a great variety of transcription factors. In this special review on THs role in health and disease, we highlight the relevance of these hormones in the molecular mechanisms linked to inflammation upon their binding to specific nuclear receptors. In particular, we focus on THs effects on different signaling pathways involved in the inflammation associated with various infectious and/or pathological processes, emphasizing those mediated by NF-kB, p38MAPK and JAK/STAT. The findings showed in this review suggest new opportunities to improve current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammation associated with several infections and/or diseases, such as cancer, sepsis or Covid-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lasa
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Contreras-Jurado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Endocrina y del Sistema Nervioso, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Effects of Thyroid Hormone on Tissue Hypoxia: Relevance to Sepsis Therapy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245855. [PMID: 34945151 PMCID: PMC8703810 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia occurs in various conditions such as myocardial or brain ischemia and infarction, sepsis, and trauma, and induces cellular damage and tissue remodeling with recapitulation of fetal-like reprogramming, which eventually results in organ failure. Analogies seem to exist between the damaged hypoxic and developing organs, indicating that a regulatory network which drives embryonic organ development may control aspects of heart (or tissue) repair. In this context, thyroid hormone (TH), which is a critical regulator of organ maturation, physiologic angiogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis during fetal development, may be of important physiological relevance upon stress (hypoxia)-induced fetal reprogramming. TH signaling has been implicated in hypoxic tissue remodeling after myocardial infarction and T3 prevents remodeling of the postinfarcted heart. Similarly, preliminary experimental evidence suggests that T3 can prevent early tissue hypoxia during sepsis with important physiological consequences. Thus, based on common pathways between different paradigms, we propose a possible role of TH in tissue hypoxia after sepsis with the potential to reduce secondary organ failure.
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8
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Wang A J, Zhang J, Xiao M, Wang S, Wang B J, Guo Y, Tang Y, Gu J. Molecular mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: novel roles of sirtuin 1-mediated signaling pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3105-3125. [PMID: 33438055 PMCID: PMC11072696 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of various types of cancer. However, short-term and long-term cardiotoxicity limits the clinical application of DOX. Currently, dexrazoxane is the only approved treatment by the United States Food and Drug Administration to prevent DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. However, a recent study found that pre-treatment with dexrazoxane could not fully improve myocardial toxicity of DOX. Therefore, further targeted cardioprotective prophylaxis and treatment strategies are an urgent requirement for cancer patients receiving DOX treatment to reduce the occurrence of cardiotoxicity. Accumulating evidence manifested that Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) could play a crucially protective role in heart diseases. Recently, numerous studies have concentrated on the role of SIRT1 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which might be related to the activity and deacetylation of SIRT1 downstream targets. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the recent advances related to the protective effects, mechanisms, and deficiencies in clinical application of SIRT1 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Also, the pharmaceutical preparations that activate SIRT1 and affect DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have been listed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang A
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jie Wang B
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Ruiz M, Khairallah M, Dingar D, Vaniotis G, Khairallah RJ, Lauzier B, Thibault S, Trépanier J, Shi Y, Douillette A, Hussein B, Nawaito SA, Sahadevan P, Nguyen A, Sahmi F, Gillis MA, Sirois MG, Gaestel M, Stanley WC, Fiset C, Tardif JC, Allen BG. MK2-Deficient Mice Are Bradycardic and Display Delayed Hypertrophic Remodeling in Response to a Chronic Increase in Afterload. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e017791. [PMID: 33533257 PMCID: PMC7955338 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Mitogen‐activated protein kinase–activated protein kinase‐2 (MK2) is a protein serine/threonine kinase activated by p38α/β. Herein, we examine the cardiac phenotype of pan MK2‐null (MK2−/−) mice. Methods and Results Survival curves for male MK2+/+ and MK2−/− mice did not differ (Mantel‐Cox test, P=0.580). At 12 weeks of age, MK2−/− mice exhibited normal systolic function along with signs of possible early diastolic dysfunction; however, aging was not associated with an abnormal reduction in diastolic function. Both R‐R interval and P‐R segment durations were prolonged in MK2‐deficient mice. However, heart rates normalized when isolated hearts were perfused ex vivo in working mode. Ca2+ transients evoked by field stimulation or caffeine were similar in ventricular myocytes from MK2+/+ and MK2−/− mice. MK2−/− mice had lower body temperature and an age‐dependent reduction in body weight. mRNA levels of key metabolic genes, including Ppargc1a, Acadm, Lipe, and Ucp3, were increased in hearts from MK2−/− mice. For equivalent respiration rates, mitochondria from MK2−/− hearts showed a significant decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Eight weeks of pressure overload increased left ventricular mass in MK2+/+ and MK2−/− mice; however, after 2 weeks the increase was significant in MK2+/+ but not MK2−/− mice. Finally, the pressure overload–induced decrease in systolic function was attenuated in MK2−/− mice 2 weeks, but not 8 weeks, after constriction of the transverse aorta. Conclusions Collectively, these results implicate MK2 in (1) autonomic regulation of heart rate, (2) cardiac mitochondrial function, and (3) the early stages of myocardial remodeling in response to chronic pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Ruiz
- Department of Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Maya Khairallah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Dharmendra Dingar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - George Vaniotis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | | | | | - Simon Thibault
- Faculté de Pharmacie Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Joëlle Trépanier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Yanfen Shi
- Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | | | | | - Sherin Ali Nawaito
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada.,Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt
| | - Pramod Sahadevan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Albert Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | | | | | - Martin G Sirois
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell BiochemistryHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | | | - Céline Fiset
- Faculté de Pharmacie Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Department of Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Université de Montréal Québec Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute Montréal Québec Canada
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10
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Nusier M, Alqudah M, Elimban V, Dhalla NS. Modification of ischemia/reperfusion induced infarct size by ischemic preconditioning in hypertrophied hearts. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:218-223. [PMID: 33546576 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced injury in normal and hypertrophied hearts. Cardiac hypertrophy in rabbits was induced by L-thyroxine (0.5 mg/kg/day for 16 days). Hearts with or without IP (3 cycles of 5 min ischemia and 10 min reperfusion) were subjected to I/R (60 min ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion). IP reduced the I/R-induced infarct size from 68% to 24% and 57% to 33% in the normal and hypertrophied hearts, respectively. Leakage of creatine phosphokinase in the perfusate from the hypertrophied hearts due to I/R was markedly less than that form the normal hearts; IP prevented these changes. Although IP augmented the increase in phosphorylated p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) content due to I/R, this effect was less in the hypertrophied than in the normal heart. These results suggest that reduced cardioprotection by IP of the I/R-induced injury in hypertrophied hearts may be due to reduced activation of p38-MAPK in comparison with normal hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Nusier
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alqudah
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Vijayan Elimban
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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11
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Canovas B, Nebreda AR. Diversity and versatility of p38 kinase signalling in health and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:346-366. [PMID: 33504982 PMCID: PMC7838852 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to deal with different types of stressful situations in a precise and coordinated manner is key for survival and involves various signalling networks. Over the past 25 years, p38 kinases — in particular, p38α — have been implicated in the cellular response to stress at many levels. These span from environmental and intracellular stresses, such as hyperosmolarity, oxidative stress or DNA damage, to physiological situations that involve important cellular changes such as differentiation. Given that p38α controls a plethora of functions, dysregulation of this pathway has been linked to diseases such as inflammation, immune disorders or cancer, suggesting the possibility that targeting p38α could be of therapeutic interest. In this Review, we discuss the organization of this signalling pathway focusing on the diversity of p38α substrates, their mechanisms and their links to particular cellular functions. We then address how the different cellular responses can be generated depending on the signal received and the cell type, and highlight the roles of this kinase in human physiology and in pathological contexts. p38α — the best-characterized member of the p38 kinase family — is a key mediator of cellular stress responses. p38α is activated by a plethora of signals and functions through a multitude of substrates to regulate different cellular behaviours. Understanding context-dependent p38α signalling provides important insights into p38α roles in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Canovas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. .,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
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Zobeiri M, Momtaz S, Parvizi F, Tewari D, Farzaei MH, Nabavi SM. Targeting Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases by Natural Products: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1342-1353. [PMID: 31840607 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666191216122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) as a multifactorial intestinal chronic inflammation as well as the absence of a certain cure, has created an innovative era in the management of IBD by molecule/pathway-based anti-inflammatory approaches. There are credible documentations that demonstrate Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) acts as IBD regulator. Upon the activation of MAPK signalling pathway, the transcription and expression of various encoding inflammatory molecules implicated in IBD are altered, thereby exacerbating the inflammation development. The current pharmacological management of IBD, including drug and biological therapies are expensive, possess temporary relief and some adverse effects. In this context, a variety of dietary fruits or medicinal herbs have received worldwide attention versus the development of IBD. Infact, natural ingredients, such as Flavaglines, Fisetin, Myricitrin, Cardamonin, Curcumin, Octacosanol and Mangiferin possess protective and therapeutic effects against IBD via modulation of different segments of MAPK signaling pathway. This review paper calls attention to the role of MAPK signaling triggered by natural products in the prevention and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Zobeiri
- Internal Medicine Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran,Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Parvizi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Devesh Tewari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144 411, India
| | - Mohammad H Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed M Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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George SA, Kiss A, Obaid SN, Venegas A, Talapatra T, Wei C, Efimova T, Efimov IR. p38δ genetic ablation protects female mice from anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H775-H786. [PMID: 32822209 PMCID: PMC11018268 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00415.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of an anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (DOX) as a chemotherapeutic agent is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. DOX is associated with activation of intracellular stress signaling pathways including p38 MAPKs. While previous studies have implicated p38 MAPK signaling in DOX-induced cardiac injury, the roles of the individual p38 isoforms, specifically, of the alternative isoforms p38γ and p38δ, remain uncharacterized. We aimed to determine the potential cardioprotective effects of p38γ and p38δ genetic deletion in mice subjected to acute DOX treatment. Male and female wild-type (WT), p38γ-/-, p38δ-/-, and p38γ-/-δ-/- mice were injected with 30 mg/kg DOX and their survival was tracked for 10 days. During this period, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and electrocardiography and fibrosis by Picro Sirius Red staining. Immunoblotting was performed to assess the expression of signaling proteins and markers linked to autophagy. Significantly improved survival was observed in p38δ-/- female mice post-DOX relative to WT females, but not in p38γ-/- or p38γ-/-δ-/- male or female mice. The improved survival in DOX-treated p38δ-/- females was associated with decreased fibrosis, increased cardiac output and LV diameter relative to DOX-treated WT females, and similar to saline-treated controls. Structural and echocardiographic parameters were either unchanged or worsened in all other groups. Increased autophagy, as suggested by increased LC3-II level, and decreased mammalian target of rapamycin activation was also observed in DOX-treated p38δ-/- females. p38δ plays a crucial role in promoting DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in female mice by inhibiting autophagy. Therefore, p38δ targeting could be a potential cardioprotective strategy in anthracycline chemotherapy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study for the first time identifies the sex-specific roles of the alternative p38γ and p38δ MAPK isoforms in promoting doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity. We show that p38δ and p38γ/δ systemic deletion was cardioprotective in female but not in male mice. Cardiac structure and function were preserved in DOX-treated p38δ-/- females and autophagy marker was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Alexi Kiss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
- The George Washington Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sofian N Obaid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Aileen Venegas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Trisha Talapatra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Chapman Wei
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Tatiana Efimova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
- The George Washington Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
- The George Washington Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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Rojas LA, Valentine E, Accorsi A, Maglio J, Shen N, Robertson A, Kazmirski S, Rahl P, Tawil R, Cadavid D, Thompson LA, Ronco L, Chang AN, Cacace AM, Wallace O. p38α Regulates Expression of DUX4 in a Model of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:489-498. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.264689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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15
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Overfeeding During Lactation in Rats is Associated with Cardiovascular Insulin Resistance in the Short-Term. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020549. [PMID: 32093229 PMCID: PMC7071409 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities. The development of these alterations may have its origin in early life stages such as the lactation period through metabolic programming. Insulin resistance is a common complication in obese patients and may be responsible for the cardiovascular alterations associated with this condition. This study analyzed the development of cardiovascular insulin resistance in a rat model of childhood overweight induced by overfeeding during the lactation period. On birth day, litters were divided into twelve (L12) or three pups per mother (L3). Overfed rats showed a lower increase in myocardial contractility in response to insulin perfusion and a reduced insulin-induced vasodilation, suggesting a state of cardiovascular insulin resistance. Vascular insulin resistance was due to decreased activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, whereas cardiac insulin resistance was associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) hyperactivity. Early overfeeding was also associated with a proinflammatory and pro-oxidant state; endothelial dysfunction; decreased release of nitrites and nitrates; and decreased gene expression of insulin receptor (IR), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in response to insulin. In conclusion, overweight induced by lactational overnutrition in rat pups is associated with cardiovascular insulin resistance that could be related to the cardiovascular alterations associated with this condition.
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Analysis of potential roles of combinatorial microRNA regulation in occurrence of valvular heart disease with atrial fibrillation based on computational evidences. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221900. [PMID: 31479479 PMCID: PMC6719876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia. Patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) frequently have AF. Growing evidence demonstrates that a specifically altered pattern of microRNA (miRNA) expression is related to valvular heart disease with atrial fibrillation (AF-VHD) processes. However, the combinatorial regulation by multiple miRNAs in inducing AF-VHD remains largely unknown. Methods The work identified AF-VHD-specific miRNAs and their combinations through mapping miRNA expression profile into differential co-expression network. The expressions of some dysregulated miRNAs were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The regulations of signaling pathways by the combinatorial miRNAs were predicted by enrichment analysis tools. Results Thirty-two differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified to be AF-VHD-specific, some of which were new findings. These miRNAs interacted to form 5 combinations. qRT-PCR confirmed the different expression of several identified miRNAs, which illustrated the reliability and biomarker potentials of 32 dysregulation miRNAs. The biological characteristics of combinatorial miRNAs related to AF-VHD were highlighted. Twelve signaling pathways regulated by combinatorial miRNAs were predicted to be possibly associated with AF-VHD. Conclusions The AF-VHD-related signaling pathways regulated by combinatorial miRNAs may play an important role in the occurrence of AF-VHD. The work brings new insights into biomarkers and miRNA combination regulation mechanism in AF-VHD as well as further biological experiments.
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Xue J, Yan X, Yang Y, Chen M, Wu L, Gou Z, Sun Z, Talabieke S, Zheng Y, Luo D. Connexin 43 dephosphorylation contributes to arrhythmias and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion hearts. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Roles of Mitochondria CYP1B1 and Melatonergic Pathways in Co-Ordinating Wider Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164068. [PMID: 31434333 PMCID: PMC6720185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) can be adaptive, as arising from exercise, or pathological, most commonly when driven by hypertension. The pathophysiology of LVH is consistently associated with an increase in cytochrome P450 (CYP)1B1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and a decrease in sirtuins and mitochondria functioning. Treatment is usually targeted to hypertension management, although it is widely accepted that treatment outcomes could be improved with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy targeted interventions. The current article reviews the wide, but disparate, bodies of data pertaining to LVH pathoetiology and pathophysiology, proposing a significant role for variations in the N-acetylserotonin (NAS)/melatonin ratio within mitochondria in driving the biological underpinnings of LVH. Heightened levels of mitochondria CYP1B1 drive the ‘backward’ conversion of melatonin to NAS, resulting in a loss of the co-operative interactions of melatonin and sirtuin-3 within mitochondria. NAS activates the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor, TrkB, leading to raised trophic signalling via cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB) and the MAPKs, which are significantly increased in LVH. The gut microbiome may be intimately linked to how stress and depression associate with LVH and hypertension, with gut microbiome derived butyrate, and other histone deacetylase inhibitors, significant modulators of the melatonergic pathways and LVH more generally. This provides a model of LVH that has significant treatment and research implications.
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Cardiac Fibroblast p38 MAPK: A Critical Regulator of Myocardial Remodeling. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:jcdd6030027. [PMID: 31394846 PMCID: PMC6787752 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac fibroblast is a remarkably versatile cell type that coordinates inflammatory, fibrotic and hypertrophic responses in the heart through a complex array of intracellular and intercellular signaling mechanisms. One important signaling node that has been identified involves p38 MAPK; a family of kinases activated in response to stress and inflammatory stimuli that modulates multiple aspects of cardiac fibroblast function, including inflammatory responses, myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix turnover and the paracrine induction of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. This review explores the emerging importance of the p38 MAPK pathway in cardiac fibroblasts, describes the molecular mechanisms by which it regulates the expression of key genes, and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for reducing adverse myocardial remodeling.
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20
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Depletion of β3-adrenergic receptor induces left ventricular diastolic dysfunction via potential regulation of energy metabolism and cardiac contraction. Gene 2019; 697:1-10. [PMID: 30790654 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a central perturbation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and there are currently no effective remedies to improve LVDD in clinical practice. The β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) was reported to play protective effects on inhibiting myocardial fibrosis in response to hemodynamic stress. However, the effects of ADRB3 on LVDD and its underlying mechanisms are still undefined. In the current study, the role of ADRB3 in LVDD was identified in ADRB3-knockout mice. Echocardiography parameters showed that depletion of ADRB3 had little effect on cardiac systolic function but obviously led to cardiac diastolic dysfunction in vivo. Proteomics (including the global proteome, phosphorylated and acetylated proteome) and bioinformatics analysis (including GO analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, GO-Tree network, Pathway-Act network, and protein-protein interaction network) were performed on cardiac specimens of ADRB3-KO mice and wild-type mice. The results showed that the cardiac energy metabolism (especially the citrate cycle), actin cytoskeleton organization, and cardiac muscle contraction (related to mitogen-activated protein kinase, toll-like receptor, and ErbB signalling pathway) were potential core mechanisms underlying ADRB3-KO-induced LVDD. In addition, the protein-protein interaction network indicated that the core proteins associated with ADRB3-KO-induced LVDD were FGG, ALDH1A1, FGA, APOC3, SLC4A1, SERPINF2, HP, CTNNB1, and TKT. In conclusion, the absence of ADRB3 leads to LVDD, which is potentially associated with the regulation of cardiac energy metabolism, actin cytoskeleton organization, and cardiac muscle contraction.
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Zheng W, Fan W, Feng N, Lu N, Zou H, Gu J, Yuan Y, Liu X, Bai J, Bian J, Liu Z. T he Role of miRNAs in Zearalenone-Promotion of TM3 Cell Proliferation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091517. [PMID: 31035709 PMCID: PMC6540048 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a non-steroidal estrogen mycotoxin produced by several Gibberella and Fusarium species. Accumulating evidence has indicated that ZEA strongly stimulates cell proliferation. However the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms of ZEA-mediated induction of cell proliferation have not yet been completely explained. The aim of this study was to detect the role of miRNAs in ZEA-mediated induction of cell proliferation. The effects of ZEA on cell proliferation were assessed using a cell counting kit assay and xCELLigence system. Micro-RNA sequencing was performed after treatment of TM3 cells with ZEA (0.01 μmol/L) for different time periods (0, 2, 6 and 18 h). Cell function and pathway analysis of the miRNA target genes were performed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). We found that ZEA promotes TM3 cell proliferation at low concentrations. miRNA sequenceing revealed 66 differentially expressed miRNAs in ZEA-treated cells in comparison to the untreated control ( p < 0.05). The miRNA sequencing indicated that compared to control group, there were 66 miRNAs significant change (p < 0.05) in ZEA-treated groups. IPA analysis showed that the predicated miRNAs target gene involved in cell Bio-functions including cell cycle, growth and proliferation, and in signaling pathways including MAPK and RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathways. Results from flow cytometry and Western Blot analysis validated the predictions that ZEA can affect cell cycle, and the MAPK signaling pathway. Taking these together, the cell proliferation induced ZEA is regulated by miRNAs. The results shed light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms for the mediation of ZEA to induce proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Wentong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Nannan Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Nanyan Lu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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You W, Tang Z, Chang CEA. Potential Mean Force from Umbrella Sampling Simulations: What Can We Learn and What Is Missed? J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:2433-2443. [PMID: 30811931 PMCID: PMC6456367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Changes in free energy provide valuable information for molecular recognition, including both ligand-receptor binding thermodynamics and kinetics. Umbrella sampling (US), a widely used free energy calculation method, has long been used to explore the dissociation process of ligand-receptor systems and compute binding free energy. In existing publications, the binding free energy computed from the potential of mean force (PMF) with US simulation mostly yielded "ball park" values with experimental data. However, the computed PMF values are highly influenced by factors such as initial conformations and/or trajectories provided, the reaction coordinate, and sampling of conformational space in each US window. These critical factors have rarely been carefully studied. Here we used US to study the guest aspirin and 1-butanol dissociation processes of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and an inhibitor SB2 dissociation from a p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) complex. For β-CD, we used three different β-CD conformations to generate the dissociation path with US windows. For p38α, we generated the dissociation pathway by using accelerated molecular dynamics followed by conformational relaxing with short conventional MD, steered MD, and manual pulling. We found that, even for small β-CD complexes, different β-CD conformations altered the height of the PMF, but the pattern of PMF was not affected if the MD sampling in each US window was well-converged. Because changing the macrocyclic ring conformation needs to rotate dihedral angles in the ring, a bound ligand largely restrains the motion of cyclodextrin. Therefore, once a guest is in the binding site, cyclodextrin cannot freely change its initial conformation, resulting in different absolute heights of the PMF, which cannot be overcome by running excessively long MD simulations for each US window. Moreover, if the US simulations were not converged, the important barrier and minimum were missed. For ligand-protein systems, our studies also suggest that the dissociation trajectories modeled by an enhanced sampling method must maintain a natural molecular movement to avoid biased PMF plots when using US simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli You
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Zhiye Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chia-en A. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Connexin43 dephosphorylation at serine 282 is associated with connexin43-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:1332-1345. [PMID: 30770876 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) plays an important role in regulating cardiomyocyte survival in addition to regulating electrical coordination. Cx43 dephosphorylation, found in severe cardiac pathologies, is thought to contribute to myocardial injury. However, the mechanisms underlying Cx43 mediation of cell survival and myocardial lesions remain unknown. Here, we found that transfecting an adenovirus carrying a mutant gene of Cx43-serine 282 substituted with alanine (S282A) into neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) induced cell apoptosis and Ca2+ transient desynchronization, whereas using gap junction inhibitor or knocking down Cx43 expression with Cx43-miRNA caused uncoupled Ca2+ signaling without cell death. Similarly, while Cx43-S282A+/+ failed in generation, Cx43-S282A+/- mice exhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ventricular arrhythmias dependent on S282 dephosphorylation. Further, Cx43 dephosphorylation at S282 activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), factor-associated suicide and the caspase-8 apoptotic pathway by physically interacting with p38 MAPK. These findings uncovered a specific Cx43 phosphorylation residue involved in regulating cardiomyocyte homeostasis. S282 phosphorylation deficiency acts as a trigger inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac arrhythmias, providing a potential mechanism for Cx43-mediated myocardial injury in severe cardiac diseases.
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24
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Gu Y, Luo M, Li Y, Su Z, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhang S, Sun W, Kong X. Bcl6
knockdown aggravates hypoxia injury in cardiomyocytes via the P38 pathway. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:108-116. [PMID: 29972264 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gu
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology; the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Huai'an Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology; the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Huai'an Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Zhongping Su
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Xiru Chen
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; 300 Guangzhou Road Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu P.R. China
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Iqubal A, Iqubal MK, Sharma S, Ansari MA, Najmi AK, Ali SM, Ali J, Haque SE. Molecular mechanism involved in cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity: Old drug with a new vision. Life Sci 2018; 218:112-131. [PMID: 30552952 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an important anticancer drug which belongs to the class of alkylating agent. Cyclophosphamide is mostly used in bone marrow transplantation, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, neuroblastoma and other types of cancer. Dose-related cardiotoxicity is a limiting factor for its use. CP-induced cardiotoxicity ranges from 7 to 28% and mortality ranges from 11 to 43% at the therapeutic dose of 170-180 mg/kg, i.v. CP undergoes hepatic metabolism that results in the production of aldophosphamide. Aldophosphamide decomposes into phosphoramide mustard & acrolein. Phosphoramide is an active neoplastic agent, and acrolein is a toxic metabolite which acts on the myocardium and endothelial cells. This is the first review article that talks about cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity and the different signaling pathways involved in its pathogenicity. Based on the available literature, CP is accountable for cardiomyocytes energy pool alteration by affecting the heart fatty acid binding proteins (H-FABP). CP has been found associated with cardiomyocytes apoptosis, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, calcium dysregulation, endoplasmic reticulum damage, and mitochondrial damage. Molecular mechanism of cardiotoxicity has been discussed in detail through crosstalk of Nrf2/ARE, Akt/GSK-3β/NFAT/calcineurin, p53/p38MAPK, NF-kB/TLR-4, and Phospholamban/SERCA-2a signaling pathway. Based on the available literature we support the fact that metabolites of CP are responsible for cardiotoxicity due to depletion of antioxidants/ATP level, altered contractility, damaged endothelium and enhanced pro-inflammatory/pro-apoptotic activities resulting into cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Dose adjustment, elimination/excretion of acrolein and maintenance of endogenous antioxidant pool could be the therapeutic approach to mitigate the toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Asif Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Syed Mansoor Ali
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia,110025 New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Rouet‐Benzineb P, Merval R, Polidano E. Effects of hypoestrogenism and/or hyperaldosteronism on myocardial remodeling in female mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13912. [PMID: 30430766 PMCID: PMC6236131 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential adverse effects of hyperaldosteronism and/or hypoestrogenism on cardiac phenotype, and examined their combined effects in female mice overexpressing cardiac aldosterone synthase (AS). We focused on some signaling cascades challenging defensive responses to adapt and/or to survive in the face of double deleterious stresses, such as Ca2+ -homeostasis, pro/anti-hypertrophic, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), pro- or anti-apoptotic effectors, and MAP kinase activation, and redox signaling. These protein expressions were assessed by immunoblotting at 9 weeks after surgery. Female wild type (FWT) and FAS mice were fed with phytoestrogen-free diet; underwent ovariectomy (Ovx) or sham-operation (Sham). Ovx increased gain weight and hypertrophy index. Transthoracic echocardiograghy was performed. Both Ovx-induced heart rate decrease and fractional shortening increase were associated with collagen type III shift. Cardiac estrogen receptor (ERα, ERβ) protein expression levels were downregulated in Ovx mice. Hypoestrogenism increased plasma aldosterone and MR protein expression in FAS mice. Both aldosterone and Ovx played as mirror effects on up and downstream signaling effectors of calcium/redox homeostasis, apoptosis, such as concomitant CaMKII activation and calcineurin down-regulation, MAP kinase inhibition (ERK1/2, p38 MAPK) and Akt activation. The ratio Bcl2/Bax is in favor to promote cell survivor. Finally, myocardium had dynamically orchestrated multiple signaling cascades to restore tolerance to hostile environment thereby contributing to a better maintenance of Ca2+ /redox homeostasis. Ovx-induced collagen type III isoform shift and its upregulation may be important for the biomechanical transduction of the heart and the recovery of cardiac function in FAS mice. OVX antagonized aldosterone signaling pathways.
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Bageghni SA, Hemmings KE, Zava N, Denton CP, Porter KE, Ainscough JFX, Drinkhill MJ, Turner NA. Cardiac fibroblast-specific p38α MAP kinase promotes cardiac hypertrophy via a putative paracrine interleukin-6 signaling mechanism. FASEB J 2018; 32:4941-4954. [PMID: 29601781 PMCID: PMC6629170 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701455rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that cardiac fibroblast-specific p38α MAPK contributes to the development of cardiac hypertrophy, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Our study used a novel fibroblast-specific, tamoxifen-inducible p38α knockout (KO) mouse line to characterize the role of fibroblast p38α in modulating cardiac hypertrophy, and we elucidated the mechanism. Myocardial injury was induced in tamoxifen-treated Cre-positive p38α KO mice or control littermates via chronic infusion of the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol. Cardiac function was assessed by pressure-volume conductance catheter analysis and was evaluated for cardiac hypertrophy at tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. Isoproterenol infusion in control mice promoted overt cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction (reduced ejection fraction, increased end systolic volume, increased cardiac weight index, increased cardiomyocyte area, increased fibrosis, and up-regulation of myocyte fetal genes and hypertrophy-associated microRNAs). Fibroblast-specific p38α KO mice exhibited marked protection against myocardial injury, with isoproterenol-induced alterations in cardiac function, histology, and molecular markers all being attenuated. In vitro mechanistic studies determined that cardiac fibroblasts responded to damaged myocardium by secreting several paracrine factors known to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, including IL-6, whose secretion was dependent upon p38α activity. In conclusion, cardiac fibroblast p38α contributes to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction, potentially via a mechanism involving paracrine fibroblast-to-myocyte IL-6 signaling.-Bageghni, S. A., Hemmings, K. E., Zava, N., Denton, C. P., Porter, K. E., Ainscough, J. F. X., Drinkhill, M. J., Turner, N. A. Cardiac fibroblast-specific p38α MAP kinase promotes cardiac hypertrophy via a putative paracrine interleukin-6 signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumia A. Bageghni
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Karen E. Hemmings
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ngonidzashe Zava
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Christopher P. Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E. Porter
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Justin F. X. Ainscough
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mark J. Drinkhill
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
| | - Neil A. Turner
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; and
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Jovanović A. Cardioprotective signalling: Past, present and future. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:314-319. [PMID: 29935170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A few decades ago, cardiac muscle was discovered to possess signalling pathways that, when activated, protect the myocardium against the damage induced by ischaemia-reperfusion. The ability of cardiac muscle to protect itself against injury has been termed 'cardioprotection'. Many compounds and procedures can trigger cardioprotection including conditionings (exposure to brief episodes of ischaemia-reperfusion to protect against sustained ischaemia-reperfusion), hypoxia, adenosine, acetylcholine, adrenomedullin, angiotensin, bradykinin, catecholamines, endothelin, estrogens, phenylephrine, opioids, testosterone, and many more. These triggers activate many intracellular signalling factors including protein kinases, different enzymes, transcription factors and defined signalling pathways to target structures in mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, nucleus and sarcolemma to mediate cardioprotection. Although a lot of information about cardioprotection has been acquired, there are still two major outstanding issues to be addressed in the future 1) better understanding of spatio-temporal relationships between signalling elements, and; 2) devising therapeutic strategies against myocardial diseases based on cardioprotective signalling. Further research is required to paint integral picture of cardioprotective signalling and more clinical studies are required to properly test clinical efficacy and safety of potential cardioprotective strategies. Therapies against cardiac diseases based on cardioprotective strategies would be a perfect adjunct to current therapeutic strategies based on restitution of coronary blood flow and regulation of myocardial metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Jovanović
- University of Nicosia Medical School, 21 Ilia Papakyriakou, 2414 Engomi, P.O. Box 24005, CY-1700 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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You W, Chang CEA. Role of Molecular Interactions and Protein Rearrangement in the Dissociation Kinetics of p38α MAP Kinase Type-I/II/III Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 58:968-981. [PMID: 29620886 PMCID: PMC5975198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the governing factors of fast or slow inhibitor binding/unbinding assists in developing drugs with preferred kinetic properties. For inhibitors with the same binding affinity targeting different binding sites of the same protein, the kinetic behavior can profoundly differ. In this study, we investigated unbinding kinetics and mechanisms of fast (type-I) and slow (type-II/III) binders of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase, where the crystal structures showed that type-I and type-II/III inhibitors bind to pockets with different conformations of the Asp-Phe-Gly (DFG) motif. The work used methods that combine conventional molecular dynamics (MD), accelerated molecular dynamics (AMD) simulations, and the newly developed pathway search guided by internal motions (PSIM) method to find dissociation pathways. The study focuses on revealing key interactions and molecular rearrangements that hinder ligand dissociation by using umbrella sampling and post-MD processing to examine changes in free energy during ligand unbinding. As anticipated, the initial dissociation steps all require breaking interactions that appeared in crystal structures of the bound complexes. Interestingly, for type-I inhibitors such as SB2, p38α keeps barrier-free conformational fluctuation in the ligand-bound complex and during ligand dissociation. In contrast, with a type-II/III inhibitor such as BIRB796, with the rearrangements of p38α in its bound state, ligand unbinding features energetically unfavorable protein-ligand concerted movement. Our results also show that the type-II/III inhibitors preferred dissociation pathways through the allosteric channel, which is consistent with an existing publication. The study suggests that the level of required protein rearrangement is one major determining factor of drug binding kinetics in p38α systems, providing useful information for development of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli You
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chia-en A. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Medications in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Focus on Losmapimod. Cardiol Rev 2018; 26:152-156. [DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Remifentanil preconditioning confers cardioprotection via c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinases and extracellular signal regulated kinases pathways in ex-vivo failing rat heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 828:1-8. [PMID: 29559303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Remifentanil preconditioning (RPC) exerts protection in normal hearts, but has not been investigated in heart failure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of RPC in a chronic failing rat heart model and the mechanisms involving mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Bcl-2 protein family. The doxorubicin induced failing rat hearts were subjected to 30 min ischemia / 120 min reperfusion (IR) with or without RPC by using Langendorff apparatus. RPC was induced by three cycles of 5 min remifentanil / 5 min drug-free perfusion before IR, with three different concentrations: 25, 50 and 100 μg/l. An extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK) inhibitor PD98059, p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 were perfused at 10 min before RPC. Infarct size, cardiac function and protein kinase activity were determined. RPC significantly reduced infarct size and the rise in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level caused by IR injury in failing heart. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 and ERK inhibitor PD98059 abolished the RPC mediated reduction effect on the infarct size and LDH activity after reperfusion. In addition, RPC increased the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2 and the downstream GSK-3β, as well as the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, while, these changes were completely reversed by SP600125 and PD98059. And of note, SB203580 had no effect. In conclusion, our results suggested that the activation of JNK and ERK pathways, by leading to inhibition of GSK-3β and regulating Bcl-2 protein family, is a major mechanism that RPC confers cardioprotection in failing rat heart.
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32
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TAB1-Induced Autoactivation of p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is Crucially Dependent on Threonine 185. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00409-17. [PMID: 29229647 PMCID: PMC5809688 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00409-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase is essential to cellular homeostasis. Two principal mechanisms to activate p38α exist. The first relies on dedicated dual-specificity kinases such as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAP2K) 3 (MKK3) or 6 (MKK6), which activate p38α by phosphorylating Thr180 and Tyr182 within the activation segment. The second is by autophosphorylation of Thr180 and Tyr182 in cis, mediated by p38α binding the scaffold protein TAB1. The second mechanism occurs during myocardial ischemia, where it aggravates myocardial infarction. Based on the crystal structure of the p38α-TAB1 complex we replaced threonine 185 of p38α with glycine (T185G) to prevent an intramolecular hydrogen bond with Asp150 from being formed. This mutation did not interfere with TAB1 binding to p38α. However, it disrupted the consequent long-range effect of this binding event on the distal activation segment, releasing the constraint on Thr180 that oriented its hydroxyl for phosphotransfer. Based on assays performed in vitro and in vivo, the autoactivation of p38α(T185G) was disabled, while its ability to be activated by upstream MAP2Ks and to phosphorylate downstream substrates remained intact. Furthermore, myocardial cells expressing p38α(T185G) were resistant to injury. These findings reveal a mechanism to selectively disable p38α autoactivation and its consequences, which may ultimately circumvent the toxicity associated with strategies that inhibit p38α kinase activity under all circumstances, such as with ATP-competitive inhibitors.
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Kim J, Chakraborty S, Jayaprakasha GK, Muthuchamy M, Patil BS. Citrus nomilin down-regulates TNF-α-induced proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells via apoptosis and inhibition of IκB. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 811:93-100. [PMID: 28551013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nomilin is a bitter compound present in citrus and has been demonstrated as useful for various disease preventions through anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic activities. Although in vitro disease models have shown that certain limonoids in the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal cascade, the downstream signaling pathways remain unclear. In this study, the effects of nomilin on the proliferation and apoptotic pathways of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) that forms the basis of progression of atherosclerotic diseases and restenosis was tested for the first time. The cellular uptake level and stability of nomilin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectra. Pretreatment of HASMCs with nomilin stimulated extrinsic caspase-8, intrinsic caspase-9, and apoptotic caspase-3 and resulted in significant inhibition of TNF-α-induced proliferation. Additionally, results showed a decreased ratio of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein to pro-apoptotic Bax (Bcl2/Bax), indicating mitochondrial dysfunction consistent with apoptosis. Furthermore, nomilin significantly decreased the phosphorylation of IκBα, an inhibitor of NF-κB and subsequently, reduced the downstream inflammatory signaling in TNF-α treated HASMCs. Our findings indicate that the anti-proliferative activity of nomilin on TNF-α-induced HASMCs results from apoptosis through a mitochondrial-dependent pathway and suppression of inflammatory signaling mediated through NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Kim
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA
| | - G K Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA
| | - Mariappan Muthuchamy
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-1114, USA.
| | - Bhimanagouda S Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA.
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Abstract
The importance of inflammation and inflammatory pathways in atherosclerotic disease and acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is well established. The success of statin therapy rests not only on potently reducing levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but also on the many beneficial, pleiotropic effects statin therapy has on various inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerotic disease, from reducing endothelial dysfunction to attenuating levels of serum C-reactive protein. Due to the growing awareness of the importance of inflammation in ACS, investigators have attempted to develop novel therapies against known markers of inflammation for several decades. Targeted pathways have ranged from inhibiting C5 cleavage with a high-affinity monoclonal antibody against C5 to inhibiting the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades. In each of these instances, despite promising early preclinical and mechanistic studies and phase 2 trials suggesting a potential benefit in reducing post-MI complications or restenosis, these novel therapies have failed to show benefits during large, phase 3 clinical outcomes trials. This review discusses several examples of novel anti-inflammatory therapies that failed to show significant improvement on clinical outcomes when tested in large, randomized trials and highlights potential explanations for why targeted therapies against known markers of inflammation in ACS have failed to launch.
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Key Words
- ACS, acute coronary syndromes
- CABG, coronary artery bypass graft
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- IL, interleukin
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Lp-PLA2, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MI, myocardial infarction
- NSTEMI, non–ST-segment myocardial infarction
- PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention
- PSGL, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand
- STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- SVG, saphenous vein grafts
- TBR, tissue-to-background ratio
- acute coronary syndrome
- anti-inflammatory
- drug targets
- hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
- sPLA2, secretory phospholipase A2
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Bassi R, Burgoyne JR, DeNicola GF, Rudyk O, DeSantis V, Charles RL, Eaton P, Marber MS. Redox-dependent dimerization of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16161-16173. [PMID: 28739872 PMCID: PMC5625047 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.785410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinase p38α MAPK (p38α) plays a pivotal role in many biological processes. p38α is activated by canonical upstream kinases that phosphorylate the activation region. The purpose of our study was to determine whether such activation may depend on redox-sensing cysteines within p38α. p38α was activated and formed a disulfide-bound heterodimer with MAP2K3 (MKK3) in rat cardiomyocytes and isolated hearts exposed to H2O2. This disulfide heterodimer was sensitive to reduction by mercaptoethanol and was enhanced by the thioredoxin-reductase inhibitor auranofin. We predicted that Cys-119 or Cys-162 of p38α, close to the known MKK3 docking domain, were relevant for these redox characteristics. The C119S mutation decreased whereas the C162S mutation increased the dimer formation, suggesting that these two Cys residues act as vicinal thiols, consistent with C119S/C162S being incapable of sensing H2O2. Similarly, disulfide heterodimer formation was abolished in H9C2 cells expressing both MKK3 and p38α C119S/C162S and subjected to simulated ischemia and reperfusion. However, the p38α C119S/C162S mutants did not exhibit appreciable alteration in activating dual phosphorylation. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory agent 10-nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA), a component of the Mediterranean diet, reduced p38α activation and covalently modified Cys-119/Cys-162, probably obstructing MKK3 access. Moreover, NO2-OA reduced the dephosphorylation of p38α by hematopoietic tyrosine phosphatase (HePTP). Furthermore, steric obstruction of Cys-119/Cys-162 by NO2-OA pretreatment in Langendorff-perfused murine hearts prevented the p38-MKK3 disulfide dimer formation and attenuated H2O2-induced contractile dysfunction. Our findings suggest that cysteine residues within p38α act as redox sensors that can dynamically regulate the association between p38 and MKK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Bassi
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph R Burgoyne
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Gian F DeNicola
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Olena Rudyk
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Vittorio DeSantis
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Charles
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Eaton
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Marber
- From the King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Ruiz M, Coderre L, Allen BG, Des Rosiers C. Protecting the heart through MK2 modulation, toward a role in diabetic cardiomyopathy and lipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1914-1922. [PMID: 28735097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various signaling pathways have been identified in the heart as important players during development, physiological adaptation or pathological processes. This includes the MAPK families, particularly p38MAPK, which is involved in several key cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, metabolism and survival. Disrupted p38MAPK signaling has been associated with several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as diabetes and its related complications. Despite efforts to translate this knowledge into therapeutic avenues, p38 inhibitors have failed in clinical trials due to adverse effects. Inhibition of MK2, a downstream target of p38, appears to be a promising alternative strategy. Targeting MK2 activity may avoid the adverse effects linked to p38 inhibition, while maintaining its beneficial effects. MK2 was first considered as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid polyarthritis. A growing body of evidence now supports a key role of MK2 signaling in the pathogenesis of CVD, particularly ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertrophy, and hypertension and that its inhibition or inactivation is associated with improved heart and vascular functions. More recently, MK2 was shown to be a potential player in diabetes and related complications, particularly in liver and heart, and perturbations in calcium handling and lipid metabolism. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in our knowledge of the role of MK2 in p38MAPK-mediated signaling and the benefits of its loss of function in CVD and diabetes, with an emphasis on the roles of MK2 in calcium handling and lipid metabolism. This article is part of a Special issue entitled Cardiac adaptations to obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, edited by Professors Jan F.C. Glatz, Jason R.B. Dyck and Christine Des Rosiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lise Coderre
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce Gordon Allen
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Corre I, Paris F, Huot J. The p38 pathway, a major pleiotropic cascade that transduces stress and metastatic signals in endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55684-55714. [PMID: 28903453 PMCID: PMC5589692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
By gating the traffic of molecules and cells across the vessel wall, endothelial cells play a central role in regulating cardiovascular functions and systemic homeostasis and in modulating pathophysiological processes such as inflammation and immunity. Accordingly, the loss of endothelial cell integrity is associated with pathological disorders that include atherosclerosis and cancer. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are major signaling pathways that regulate several functions of endothelial cells in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli including growth factors, stress and cytokines. The p38 MAPK family contains four isoforms p38α, p38β, p38γ and p38δ that are encoded by four different genes. They are all widely expressed although to different levels in almost all human tissues. p38α/MAPK14, that is ubiquitously expressed is the prototype member of the family and is referred here as p38. It regulates the production of inflammatory mediators, and controls cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Its activation in endothelial cells leads to actin remodeling, angiogenesis, DNA damage response and thereby has major impact on cardiovascular homeostasis, and on cancer progression. In this manuscript, we review the biology of p38 in regulating endothelial functions especially in response to oxidative stress and during the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Corre
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - François Paris
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Huot
- Le Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et le Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Tormos AM, Rius-Pérez S, Jorques M, Rada P, Ramirez L, Valverde ÁM, Nebreda ÁR, Sastre J, Taléns-Visconti R. p38α regulates actin cytoskeleton and cytokinesis in hepatocytes during development and aging. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171738. [PMID: 28166285 PMCID: PMC5293263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocyte poliploidization is an age-dependent process, being cytokinesis failure the main mechanism of polyploid hepatocyte formation. Our aim was to study the role of p38α MAPK in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton and cytokinesis in hepatocytes during development and aging. Methods Wild type and p38α liver-specific knock out mice at different ages (after weaning, adults and old) were used. Results We show that p38α MAPK deficiency induces actin disassembly upon aging and also cytokinesis failure leading to enhanced binucleation. Although the steady state levels of cyclin D1 in wild type and p38α knock out old livers remained unaffected, cyclin B1- a marker for G2/M transition- was significantly overexpressed in p38α knock out mice. Our findings suggest that hepatocytes do enter into S phase but they do not complete cell division upon p38α deficiency leading to cytokinesis failure and binucleation. Moreover, old liver-specific p38α MAPK knock out mice exhibited reduced F-actin polymerization and a dramatic loss of actin cytoskeleton. This was associated with abnormal hyperactivation of RhoA and Cdc42 GTPases. Long-term p38α deficiency drives to inactivation of HSP27, which seems to account for the impairment in actin cytoskeleton as Hsp27-silencing decreased the number and length of actin filaments in isolated hepatocytes. Conclusions p38α MAPK is essential for actin dynamics with age in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Tormos
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia. Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Rius-Pérez
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia. Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Jorques
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia. Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Rada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Ramirez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángela M. Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel R. Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Sastre
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia. Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Taléns-Visconti
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia. Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Li H, Fan J, Yin Z, Wang F, Chen C, Wang DW. Identification of cardiac-related circulating microRNA profile in human chronic heart failure. Oncotarget 2016; 7:33-45. [PMID: 26683101 PMCID: PMC4807981 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During chronic heart failure, levels of circulating miRNAs endued with characteristics of diseased cells could be identified as biomarkers. In this study, we sought to identify cardiac-related circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of failing heart. METHODS Total RNA of plasma and heart samples was extracted from 10 normal controls and 14 patients with chronic heart failure. Microarray was applied for miRNA profiles. Validation and organ/tissue distribution analysis was performed by qRT-PCR. In addition, bioinformatics analysis was performed to understand the critical roles of these cardiac-related circulating miRNAs in heart failure. RESULTS Results showed that levels of more than half of the miRNAs dysregulated in heart failed to show any differences in plasma. Meanwhile, more than 90% of the miRNAs dysregulated in plasma remained stable in heart. Four cardiac fibroblast-derived miRNAs (miR-660-3p, miR-665, miR-1285-3p and miR-4491) were found significantly upregulated in heart and plasma during heart failure. These 4 miRNAs strongly discriminated patients from controls, and 3 of them showed significant correlations with LVEF. CONCLUSIONS This study provides global profiles of miRNAs changes in plasma and failing heart, and using a circulation-tissue miRNA profiling comparison model, we successfully identify 3 cardiac-related circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Li
- Departments of Internal Medicine and The Institute of Hypertension Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Rep. of China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Departments of Internal Medicine and The Institute of Hypertension Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Rep. of China
| | - Zhongwei Yin
- Departments of Internal Medicine and The Institute of Hypertension Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Rep. of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and The Institute of Hypertension Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Rep. of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Departments of Internal Medicine and The Institute of Hypertension Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Rep. of China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and The Institute of Hypertension Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Rep. of China
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Fischer PM. Approved and Experimental Small-Molecule Oncology Kinase Inhibitor Drugs: A Mid-2016 Overview. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:314-367. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Fischer
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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Haque ZK, Wang DZ. How cardiomyocytes sense pathophysiological stresses for cardiac remodeling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:983-1000. [PMID: 27714411 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, the cardiovascular community has laid out the fundamental signaling cascades that become awry in the cardiomyocyte during the process of pathologic cardiac remodeling. These pathways are initiated at the cell membrane and work their way to the nucleus to mediate gene expression. Complexity is multiplied as the cardiomyocyte is subjected to cross talk with other cells as well as a barrage of extracellular stimuli and mechanical stresses. In this review, we summarize the signaling cascades that play key roles in cardiac function and then we proceed to describe emerging concepts of how the cardiomyocyte senses the mechanical and environmental stimuli to transition to the deleterious genetic program that defines pathologic cardiac remodeling. As a highlighting example of these processes, we illustrate the transition from a compensated hypertrophied myocardium to a decompensated failing myocardium, which is clinically manifested as decompensated heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaffar K Haque
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1260 John F. Enders Research Bldg, 320 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1260 John F. Enders Research Bldg, 320 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Abstract
Excellent reviews on central N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling and function in cardiovascular regulating neuronal pools have been reported. However, much less attention has been given to NMDAR function in peripheral tissues, particularly the heart and vasculature, although a very recent review discusses such function in the kidney. In this short review, we discuss the NMDAR expression and complexity of its function in cardiovascular tissues. In conscious (contrary to anesthetized) rats, activation of the peripheral NMDAR triggers cardiovascular oxidative stress through the PI3K-ERK1/2-NO signaling pathway, which ultimately leads to elevation in blood pressure. Evidence also implicates Ca release, in the peripheral NMDAR-mediated pressor response. Despite evidence of circulating potent ligands (eg, D-aspartate and L-aspartate, L-homocysteic acid, and quinolinic acid) and also their coagonist (eg, glycine or D-serine), the physiological role of peripheral cardiovascular NMDAR remains elusive. Nonetheless, the cardiovascular relevance of the peripheral NMDAR might become apparent when its signaling is altered by drugs, such as alcohol, which interact with the NMDAR or its downstream signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A. McGee
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Abdel A. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
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Rajamäki K, Mäyränpää MI, Risco A, Tuimala J, Nurmi K, Cuenda A, Eklund KK, Öörni K, Kovanen PT. p38δ MAPK: A Novel Regulator of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation With Increased Expression in Coronary Atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1937-46. [PMID: 27417584 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.307312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of the inflammasome pathway in macrophages results in the secretion of 2 potent proinflammatory and proatherogenic cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18. Atherosclerotic lesions are characterized by the presence of various endogenous activators of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, including cholesterol crystals and extracellular ATP. The aim of this study was to comprehensively characterize the expression of inflammasome pathway components and regulators in human atherosclerotic lesions. APPROACH AND RESULTS Twenty human coronary artery RNA samples from 10 explanted hearts were analyzed using an inflammasome pathway-focused quantitative polymerase chain reaction array. Advanced atherosclerotic plaques, when compared with early-to-intermediate lesions from the same coronary trees, displayed significant upregulation of 12 target genes, including the key inflammasome components apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD domain, caspase-1, and IL-18. Immunohistochemical stainings of the advanced plaques revealed macrophage foam cells positive for NLRP3 inflammasome components around the necrotic lipid cores. The polymerase chain reaction array target p38δ mitogen-activated protein kinase was upregulated in advanced plaques and strongly expressed by lesional macrophage foam cells. In cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages, the p38δ mitogen-activated protein kinase was activated by intracellular stress signals triggered during ATP- and cholesterol crystal-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and was required for NLRP3-mediated IL-1β secretion. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of the key inflammasome components in advanced coronary lesions implies enhanced activity of the inflammasome pathway in progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The p38δ mitogen-activated protein kinase was identified as a novel regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in primary human macrophages, and thus, represents a potential target for modulation of atherosclerotic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Rajamäki
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Mikko I Mäyränpää
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Ana Risco
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Jarno Tuimala
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Katariina Nurmi
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Ana Cuenda
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Kari K Eklund
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Katariina Öörni
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.)
| | - Petri T Kovanen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.N., K.Ö., P.T.K.); University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland (K.R., K.K.E.); Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Division of Pathology, HUSLAB, Meilahti Laboratories of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (M.I.M.); Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNB/CSIC), Madrid, Spain (A.R., A.C.); RS-koulutus, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.); and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki, Finland (K.K.E.).
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Quintana MT, Parry TL, He J, Yates CC, Sidorova TN, Murray KT, Bain JR, Newgard CB, Muehlbauer MJ, Eaton SC, Hishiya A, Takayama S, Willis MS. Cardiomyocyte-Specific Human Bcl2-Associated Anthanogene 3 P209L Expression Induces Mitochondrial Fragmentation, Bcl2-Associated Anthanogene 3 Haploinsufficiency, and Activates p38 Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1989-2007. [PMID: 27321750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Bcl2-associated anthanogene (BAG) 3 protein is a member of the BAG family of cochaperones, which supports multiple critical cellular processes, including critical structural roles supporting desmin and interactions with heat shock proteins and ubiquitin ligases intimately involved in protein quality control. The missense mutation P209L in exon 3 results in a primarily cardiac phenotype leading to skeletal muscle and cardiac complications. At least 10 other Bag3 mutations have been reported, nine resulting in a dilated cardiomyopathy for which no specific therapy is available. We generated αMHC-human Bag3 P209L transgenic mice and characterized the progressive cardiac phenotype in vivo to investigate its utility in modeling human disease, understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, and identify potential therapeutic targets. We identified a progressive heart failure by echocardiography and Doppler analysis and the presence of pre-amyloid oligomers at 1 year. Paralleling the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (eg, Parkinson disease), pre-amyloid oligomers-associated alterations in cardiac mitochondrial dynamics, haploinsufficiency of wild-type BAG3, and activation of p38 signaling were identified. Unexpectedly, increased numbers of activated cardiac fibroblasts were identified in Bag3 P209L Tg+ hearts without increased fibrosis. Together, these findings point to a previously undescribed therapeutic target that may have application to mutation-induced myofibrillar myopathies as well as other common causes of heart failure that commonly harbor misfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T Quintana
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Traci L Parry
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jun He
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Cecelia C Yates
- Department of Health Promotions and Development, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tatiana N Sidorova
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Katherine T Murray
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samuel C Eaton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Shin Takayama
- Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Abstract
RNA splicing represents a post-transcriptional mechanism to generate multiple functional RNAs or proteins from a single transcript. The evolution of RNA splicing is a prime example of the Darwinian function follows form concept. A mutation that leads to a new mRNA (form) that encodes for a new functional protein (function) is likely to be retained, and this way, the genome has gradually evolved to encode for genes with multiple isoforms, thereby creating an enormously diverse transcriptome. Advances in technologies to characterize RNA populations have led to a better understanding of RNA processing in health and disease. In the heart, alternative splicing is increasingly being recognized as an important layer of post-transcriptional gene regulation. Moreover, the recent identification of several cardiac splice factors, such as RNA-binding motif protein 20 and SF3B1, not only provided important insight into the mechanisms underlying alternative splicing but also revealed how these splicing factors impact functional properties of the heart. Here, we review our current knowledge of alternative splicing in the heart, with a particular focus on the major and minor spliceosome, the factors controlling RNA splicing, and the role of alternative splicing in cardiac development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten M.G. van den Hoogenhof
- From the Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yigal M. Pinto
- From the Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther E. Creemers
- From the Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Weber NC. 'Conditioning the heart' - lessons we have learned from the past and future perspectives for new and old conditioning 'drugs'. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 172:1909-12. [PMID: 25824658 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Conditioning the Heart - Pathways to Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina C Weber
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anaesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A) Academic Medical Centre (AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pernow J, Kiss A, Tratsiakovich Y, Climent B. Tissue-specific up-regulation of arginase I and II induced by p38 MAPK mediates endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4684-98. [PMID: 26140333 PMCID: PMC4594272 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Emerging evidence suggests a selective up-regulation of arginase I in diabetes causing coronary artery disease; however, the mechanisms behind this up-regulation are still unknown. Activated p38 MAPK has been reported to increase arginase II in various cardiovascular diseases. We therefore tested the role of p38 MAPK in the regulation of arginase I and II expression and its effect on endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Endothelial function was determined in septal coronary (SCA), left anterior descending coronary (LAD) and mesenteric (MA) arteries from healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats by wire myographs. Arginase activity and protein levels of arginase I, II, phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-endothelial NOS (eNOS) (Ser(1177) ) were determined in these arteries from diabetic and healthy rats treated with a p38 MAPK inhibitor in vivo. KEY RESULTS Diabetic SCA and MA displayed impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was prevented by arginase and p38 MAPK inhibition while LAD relaxation was not affected. Arginase I, phospho-p38 MAPK and eNOS protein expression was increased in diabetic coronary arteries. In diabetic MA, however, increased expression of arginase II and phospho-p38 MAPK, increased arginase activity and decreased expression of eNOS were observed. All these effects were reversed by p38 MAPK inhibition. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Diabetes-induced activation of p38 MAPK causes endothelial dysfunction via selective up-regulation of arginase I expression in coronary arteries and arginase II expression in MA. Therefore, regional differences appear to exist in the arginase isoforms contributing to endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Kiss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Tratsiakovich
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Climent
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Kragholm K, Newby LK, Melloni C. Emerging treatment options to improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome: focus on losmapimod. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4279-86. [PMID: 26273189 PMCID: PMC4532348 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s69546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Each year, despite optimal use of recommended acute and secondary prevention therapies, 4%–5% of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) experience relapse of ACS or other cardiovascular events including stroke, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death after the index ACS. The sudden atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to an ACS event is often accompanied by inflammation, which is thought to be a key pathogenic pathway to these excess cardiovascular events. Losmapimod is a novel, oral p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor that targets MAPKs activated in macrophages, myocardium, and endothelial cells that occur as a part of global coronary vascular inflammation following plaque rupture. This review aims to 1) discuss the pathophysiological pathways through which p38 MAPKs may play key roles in initiation and progression of inflammatory disease and how losmapimod is thought to counteract these p38 MAPKs, and 2) to describe the efficacy and safety data for losmapimod obtained from preclinical studies and randomized controlled trials that support the hypothesis that it has promise as a treatment for patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Kragholm
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura Kristin Newby
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chiara Melloni
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Huang B, Cheng JK, Wu CY, Chen PH, Tu PS, Fu YS, Wu CH. Camptothecin promotes the production of nitric oxide that triggers subsequent S-nitrosoproteome-mediated signaling cascades in endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 90:27-35. [PMID: 26239883 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) has been used for colorectal cancer therapy. At low concentration of 10-9M, CPT modulates endothelial nitric oxide production following the phosphorylation of LKB1 Ser431, AMPK-α Thr172, eNOS Ser633 and Ser1177. Elevated nitric oxide (NO) was observed by FA-OMe fluorescent probe. 726 S-nitrosoproteins were identified by iTRAQ quantitative proteomics. IPA analysis indicated that ERK/MAPK was closely linked in the signaling network. Further studies showed that CPT phosphorylated p38 MAPK Thr180/Tyr182 and dephosphorylated Tau Ser199/202. CPT also suppressed the TNF-α-induced expression of the inflammasome and cyclooxygenase 2. All this suggests that in addition to the original character of CPT in attenuating the binding of topoisomerase I and DNA in cancer cells, the role of CPT in triggering NO production and the subsequent S-nitrosylated signaling including anti-inflammatory effects in endothelial cells are proposed here. CPT, therefore, provides a potential application addition in preventing vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Kun Cheng
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ho Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shu Tu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Hsing Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 83347, Taiwan.
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Alaoui-Jamali M. Comment on "p38 MAPK inhibition alleviates experimental acute pancreatitis in mice". Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2015; 14:330. [PMID: 26063037 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(15)60366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moulay Alaoui-Jamali
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Room E525; 3755, Chemin Cote Ste-Catherine; Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2; Canada.
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