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Erland LA. Views and perspectives on the indoleamines serotonin and melatonin in plants: past, present and future. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2366545. [PMID: 38899558 PMCID: PMC11195476 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2366545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In the decades since their discovery in plants in the mid-to-late 1900s, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) and serotonin (5-methoxytryptamine) have been established as their own class of phytohormone and have become popular targets for examination and study as stress ameliorating compounds. The indoleamines play roles across the plant life cycle from reproduction to morphogenesis and plant environmental perception. There is growing interest in harnessing the power of these plant neurotransmitters in applied and agricultural settings, particularly as we face increasingly volatile climates for food production; however, there is still a lot to learn about the mechanisms of indoleamine action in plants. A recent explosion of interest in these compounds has led to exponential growth in the field of melatonin research in particular. This concept paper aims to summarize the current status of indoleamine research and highlight some emerging trends.
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Kumbhare SV, Pedroso I, Joshi B, Muthukumar KM, Saravanan SK, Irudayanathan C, Kochhar GS, Dulai PS, Sinha R, Almonacid DE. Longitudinal gut microbial signals are associated with weight loss: insights from a digital therapeutics program. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1363079. [PMID: 39040930 PMCID: PMC11262244 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1363079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The gut microbiome's influence on weight management has gained significant interest for its potential to support better obesity therapeutics. Patient stratification leading to personalized nutritional intervention has shown benefits over one-size-fit-all diets. However, the efficacy and impact on the gut's microbiome of personalizing weight loss diets based on individual factors remains under-investigated. Methods This study assessed the impact of Digbi Health's personalized dietary and lifestyle program on weight loss and the gut microbiome end-points in 103 individuals. Participants' weight loss patterns and gut microbiome profiles were analyzed from baseline to follow-up samples. Results Specific microbial genera, functional pathways, and communities associated with BMI changes and the program's effectiveness were identified. 80% of participants achieved weight loss. Analysis of the gut microbiome identified genera and functional pathways associated with a reduction in BMI, including Akkermansia, Christensenella, Oscillospiraceae, Alistipes, and Sutterella, short-chain fatty acid production, and degradation of simple sugars like arabinose, sucrose, and melibiose. Network analysis identified a microbiome community associated with BMI, which includes multiple taxa known for associations with BMI and obesity. Discussion The personalized dietary and lifestyle program positively impacted the gut microbiome and demonstrated significant associations between gut microbial changes and weight loss. These findings support the use of the gut microbiome as an endpoint in weight loss interventions, highlighting potential microbiome biomarkers for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gursimran S. Kochhar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Parambir S. Dulai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Alagiakrishnan K, Morgadinho J, Halverson T. Approach to the diagnosis and management of dysbiosis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1330903. [PMID: 38706561 PMCID: PMC11069313 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1330903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
All microorganisms like bacteria, viruses and fungi that reside within a host environment are considered a microbiome. The number of bacteria almost equal that of human cells, however, the genome of these bacteria may be almost 100 times larger than the human genome. Every aspect of the physiology and health can be influenced by the microbiome living in various parts of our body. Any imbalance in the microbiome composition or function is seen as dysbiosis. Different types of dysbiosis are seen and the corresponding symptoms depend on the site of microbial imbalance. The contribution of the intestinal and extra-intestinal microbiota to influence systemic activities is through interplay between different axes. Whole body dysbiosis is a complex process involving gut microbiome and non-gut related microbiome. It is still at the stage of infancy and has not yet been fully understood. Dysbiosis can be influenced by genetic factors, lifestyle habits, diet including ultra-processed foods and food additives, as well as medications. Dysbiosis has been associated with many systemic diseases and cannot be diagnosed through standard blood tests or investigations. Microbiota derived metabolites can be analyzed and can be useful in the management of dysbiosis. Whole body dysbiosis can be addressed by altering lifestyle factors, proper diet and microbial modulation. The effect of these interventions in humans depends on the beneficial microbiome alteration mostly based on animal studies with evolving evidence from human studies. There is tremendous potential for the human microbiome in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases, as well as, for the monitoring of health and disease in humans. Whole body system-based approach to the diagnosis of dysbiosis is better than a pure taxonomic approach. Whole body dysbiosis could be a new therapeutic target in the management of various health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joao Morgadinho
- Kaye Edmonton Clinic, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tyler Halverson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Lai CH, Huo CY, Xu J, Han QB, Li LF. Critical review on the research of chemical structure, bioactivities, and mechanism of actions of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130315. [PMID: 38382782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale (Tie-Pi-Shi-Hu) is a precious traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The principal active components are polysaccharides (DOP), which have a high potency in therapeutic applications. However, limitations in structure analysis and underlying mechanism investigation impede its further research. This review systemically and critically summarises current understanding in both areas, and points out the influence of starch impurities and the role of gut microbiota in DOP research. As challenges faced in studying natural polysaccharide investigations are common, this review contributes to a broader understanding of polysaccharides beyond DOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Hei Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chu-Ying Huo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Feng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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5
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Jardou M, Brossier C, Marquet P, Picard N, Druilhe A, Lawson R. Solid organ transplantation and gut microbiota: a review of the potential immunomodulatory properties of short-chain fatty acids in graft maintenance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1342354. [PMID: 38476165 PMCID: PMC10927761 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1342354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is the treatment of choice for several end-stage organ defects: it considerably improves patient survival and quality of life. However, post-transplant recipients may experience episodes of rejection that can favor or ultimately lead to graft loss. Graft maintenance requires a complex and life-long immunosuppressive treatment. Different immunosuppressive drugs (i.e., calcineurin inhibitors, glucocorticoids, biological immunosuppressive agents, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, and antiproliferative or antimetabolic agents) are used in combination to mitigate the immune response against the allograft. Unfortunately, the use of these antirejection agents may lead to opportunistic infections, metabolic (e.g., post-transplant diabetes mellitus) or cardiovascular (e.g., arterial hypertension) disorders, cancer (e.g., non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and other adverse effects. Lately, immunosuppressive drugs have also been associated with gut microbiome alterations, known as dysbiosis, and were shown to affect gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production. SCFA play a key immunomodulatory role in physiological conditions, and their impairment in transplant patients could partly counterbalance the effect of immunosuppressive drugs leading to the activation of deleterious pathways and graft rejection. In this review, we will first present an overview of the mechanisms of graft rejection that are prevented by the immunosuppressive protocol. Next, we will explain the dynamic changes of the gut microbiota during transplantation, focusing on SCFA. Finally, we will describe the known functions of SCFA in regulating immune-inflammatory reactions and discuss the impact of SCFA impairment in immunosuppressive drug treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roland Lawson
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (FRANCE) (INSERM), Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, Limoges, France
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Bryant KL, Hansen C, Hecht EE. Fermentation technology as a driver of human brain expansion. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1190. [PMID: 37996482 PMCID: PMC10667226 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tissue is metabolically expensive. Consequently, the evolution of humans' large brains must have occurred via concomitant shifts in energy expenditure and intake. Proposed mechanisms include dietary shifts such as cooking. Importantly, though, any new food source must have been exploitable by hominids with brains a third the size of modern humans'. Here, we propose the initial metabolic trigger of hominid brain expansion was the consumption of externally fermented foods. We define "external fermentation" as occurring outside the body, as opposed to the internal fermentation in the gut. External fermentation could increase the bioavailability of macro- and micronutrients while reducing digestive energy expenditure and is supported by the relative reduction of the human colon. We discuss the explanatory power of our hypothesis and survey external fermentation practices across human cultures to demonstrate its viability across a range of environments and food sources. We close with suggestions for empirical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Bryant
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
| | - Christi Hansen
- Hungry Heart Farm and Dietary Consulting, Conley, GA, USA
| | - Erin E Hecht
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Kumbhare SV, Pedroso I, Ugalde JA, Márquez-Miranda V, Sinha R, Almonacid DE. Drug and gut microbe relationships: Moving beyond antibiotics. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103797. [PMID: 37806386 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of drug-microbe relationships has evolved from viewing microbes as mere drug producers to a dynamic, modifiable system where they can serve as drugs or targets of precision pharmacology. This review highlights recent findings on the gut microbiome, particularly focusing on four aspects of research: (i) drugs for bugs, covering recent strategies for targeting gut pathogens; (ii) bugs as drugs, including probiotics; (iii) drugs from bugs, including postbiotics; and (iv) bugs and drugs, discussing additional types of drug-microbe interactions. This review provides a perspective on future translational research, including efficient companion diagnostics in pharmaceutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan A Ugalde
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Márquez-Miranda
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Chauveau A, Geirnaert A, Babst A, Treyer A, Lacroix C, Hamburger M, Potterat O. Alkaloids in commercial preparations of California poppy - Quantification, intestinal permeability and microbiota interactions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115420. [PMID: 37673017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
California poppy products are commonly used for the treatment of nervousness, anxiety and sleeping disorders. Pharmacologically relevant constituents include the main alkaloids californidine, escholtzine and protopine. However, only limited information is available about the alkaloid content in commercial preparations and their intestinal absorption. Moreover, a possible metabolization of these alkaloids by the gut microbiota, and their impact on microbial activity and viability have not been investigated. Californidine, escholtzine and protopine were quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS in eight commercial California poppy products. The intestinal permeability of alkaloids was studied in Caco-2 cell as a model for absorption in the small intestine. The gut microbial biotransformation was explored in artificial gut microbiota from the in vitro PolyFermS model. In addition, the impact of these alkaloids and a California poppy extract on the microbial production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the viability of microbiota was investigated. Contents of californidine, escholtzine and protopine in California poppy products were in the ranges of 0.13-2.55, 0.05-0.63 and 0.008-0.200 mg/g, respectively. In the Caco-2 cell model, californidine was low-to-moderately permeable while escholtzine and protopine were highly permeable. An active transport process was potentially involved in the transfer of the three alkaloids. The three compounds were not metabolized by the artificial gut microbiota over 24 h. Neither the California poppy extract nor the alkaloids markedly impacted microbial SCFA production and bacterial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Chauveau
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annelies Geirnaert
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Babst
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Treyer
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Olivier Potterat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Shah S, Ilyas M, Li R, Yang J, Yang FL. Microplastics and Nanoplastics Effects on Plant-Pollinator Interaction and Pollination Biology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6415-6424. [PMID: 37068375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) contamination is an emerging environmental and public health concern, and these particles have been reported both in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of the adverse effects of MNPs pollution on human, terrestrial, and aquatic animals, insects, and plants. In this perspective, we describe the adverse effects of MNPs particles on pollinator and plant health and discuss the mechanisms by which MNPs disrupt the pollination process. We discuss the evidence and integrate transcriptome studies to investigate the negative effects of MNPs on the molecular biology of pollination, which may cause delay or inhibit the pollination services. We conclude by addressing challenges to plant-pollinator health from MNPs pollution and argue that such harmful effects disrupt the communication between plant and pollinator for a successful pollination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhawat Shah
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666316 Menglun, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100045 Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 666316 Menglun, China
| | - Feng-Lian Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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10
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Thangaleela S, Sivamaruthi BS, Kesika P, Chaiyasut C. Role of Probiotics and Diet in the Management of Neurological Diseases and Mood States: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2268. [PMID: 36422338 PMCID: PMC9696277 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD) are common in older people. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), anxiety, depression, stress, and cognitive impairment are prevalent among people irrespective of age. The incidence of neurological disorders has been increasing in recent decades. Communication between the gut microbiota and the brain is intrinsically complicated, and it is necessary for the maintenance of the gut, brain, and immune functions of the host. The bidirectional link among the gut, gut microbiota and the brain is designated as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis." Gut microbiota modulates the host immune system and functions of tissue barriers such as gut mucosa and blood-brain barrier (BBB). Gut microbial dysfunction disturbs the gut-brain interplay and may contribute to various gut disorders, neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders. Probiotics could protect intestinal integrity, enhance gut functions, promote intestinal mucosal and BBB functions, and support the synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factors, which enhance neuronal survival and differentiation. Probiotics could be considered an adjunct therapy to manage metabolic and psychiatric diseases. Predominantly, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains are documented as potent probiotics, which help to maintain the bidirectional interactions between the gut and brain. The consumption of probiotics and probiotics containing fermented foods could improve the gut microbiota. The diet impacts gut microbiota, and a balanced diet could maintain the integrity of gut-brain communication by facilitating the production of neurotrophic factors and other neuropeptides. However, the beneficial effects of probiotics and diet might depend upon several factors, including strain, dosage, duration, age, host physiology, etc. This review summarizes the importance and involvement of probiotics and diet in neuroprotection and managing representative neurological disorders, injuries and mood states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Thangaleela
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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ABDUL-ABBAS SJ, AL ALNABI DIB, AL-HATIM RR, AL-YOUNIS ZK, AL-SHAWI SG, BOKOV DO, ABDELBASSET WK. Effects of mixed strains of rhizopus oryzae and lactobacillus on corn meal fermentation. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.73621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dmitry Olegovich BOKOV
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation; Biotechnology and Food Safety, Russian Federation
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Faucher Q, Jardou M, Brossier C, Picard N, Marquet P, Lawson R. Is Intestinal Dysbiosis-Associated With Immunosuppressive Therapy a Key Factor in the Pathophysiology of Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:898878. [PMID: 35872991 PMCID: PMC9302877 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.898878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is one of the most common and deleterious comorbidities after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Its incidence varies depending on the organs transplanted and can affect up to 40% of patients. Current research indicates that PTDM shares several common features with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in non-transplant populations. However, the pathophysiology of PTDM is still poorly characterized. Therefore, ways should be sought to improve its diagnosis and therapeutic management. A clear correlation has been made between PTDM and the use of immunosuppressants. Moreover, immunosuppressants are known to induce gut microbiota alterations, also called intestinal dysbiosis. Whereas the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the development of T2DM has been well documented, little is known about its impacts on PTDM. Functional alterations associated with intestinal dysbiosis, especially defects in pathways generating physiologically active bacterial metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, indole and kynurenine) are known to favour several metabolic disorders. This publication aims at discussing the potential role of intestinal dysbiosis and dysregulation of bacterial metabolites associated with immunosuppressive therapy in the occurrence of PTDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Faucher
- University of Limoges, Inserm U1248, Pharmacology & Transplantation, Limoges, France
| | - Manon Jardou
- University of Limoges, Inserm U1248, Pharmacology & Transplantation, Limoges, France
| | - Clarisse Brossier
- University of Limoges, Inserm U1248, Pharmacology & Transplantation, Limoges, France
| | - Nicolas Picard
- University of Limoges, Inserm U1248, Pharmacology & Transplantation, Limoges, France
- Department of pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacovigilance, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Pierre Marquet
- University of Limoges, Inserm U1248, Pharmacology & Transplantation, Limoges, France
- Department of pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacovigilance, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Roland Lawson
- University of Limoges, Inserm U1248, Pharmacology & Transplantation, Limoges, France
- *Correspondence: Roland Lawson,
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Chemicalome and metabolome profiling of Chai-Gui Decoction using an integrated strategy based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1185:122979. [PMID: 34688199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions are widely believed to exert therapeutic benefits via a multiple-component and multiple-target mode. The systemic profiling of their in vitro chemicalome and in vivo metabolome is of great importance for further understanding their clinical value. Herein, an integrated strategy using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry was proposed to profile the chemicalome and metabolome of Chai-Gui Decoction. Particularly, an approach combined mass defect filter, characteristic product ion filter, and neutral loss filter was adopted to identify metabolites in plasma, urine, bile, and feces by MetabolitePilot. Consequently, a total of 174 constituents were identified or tentatively characterized and 70 metabolites that related to 21 representative structural components were matched in rat biofluids. Among them, 19 prototypes and 7 metabolites that contributed to flavonoids, monoterpenes, and phenylpropanoids were detected distribution in brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung or spleen. This study provided a generally applicable approach to comprehensive investigation on chemicalome and metabolome of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, and offered reasonable guidelines for further screening of quality control indicators of Chai-Gui Decoction.
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Jardou M, Provost Q, Brossier C, Pinault É, Sauvage FL, Lawson R. Alteration of the gut microbiome in mycophenolate-induced enteropathy: impacts on the profile of short-chain fatty acids in a mouse model. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:66. [PMID: 34711288 PMCID: PMC8555345 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the most widely used immunosuppressive drug in transplantation and for autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, more than 30% of patients experience a typical gastrointestinal adverse effect also referred to as mycophenolate-induced enteropathy. Due to its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, MPA exposure is associated with intestinal dysbiosis characterized by a decrease in density and diversity of the microbiome regarding the main bacterial phyla (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes). These bacterial phyla are known for their metabolic role in maintaining the homeostasis of the digestive tract, particularly through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) that could contribute to the pathophysiology of mycophenolate-induced enteropathy. Our study aimed at deciphering short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) profile alterations associated with gastrointestinal toxicity of MPA at the digestive and systemic levels in a mouse model. METHODS Ten-week old C57BL/6 (SOPF) mice were randomly assigned in 2 groups of 9 subjects: control, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 900 mg/kg/day). All mice were daily treated by oral gavage for 7 days. Individual faecal pellets were collected at days 0, 4 and 8 as well as plasma at day 8 for SCFA profiling. Additionally, after the sacrifice on day 8, the caecum was weighted, and colon length was measured. The proximal colon was cut for histological analysis. RESULTS MMF treatment induced around 10% weight loss at the end of the protocol associated with a significant decrease in caecum weight and a slight reduction in colon length. Histological analysis showed significant architectural changes in colon epithelium. Moreover, we observed an overall decrease in SCFA concentrations in faecal samples, especially regarding acetate (at day 8, control 1040.6 ± 278.161 μM versus MMF 384.7 ± 80.5 μM, p < 0.01) and propionate (at day 8, control 185.94 ± 51.96 μM versus MMF 44.07 ± 14.66 μM, p < 0.001), and in plasma samples for butyrate (at day 8, control 0.91 ± 0.1 μM versus MMF 0.46 ± 0.1 μM, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with functional impairment of the gut microbiome linked with digestive or systemic defects during MMF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Jardou
- Univ. Limoges, Inserm U1248, IPPRITT, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Quentin Provost
- Univ. Limoges, Inserm U1248, IPPRITT, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | | | - Émilie Pinault
- Univ. Limoges, Inserm U1248, IPPRITT, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | | | - Roland Lawson
- Univ. Limoges, Inserm U1248, IPPRITT, F-87000 Limoges, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
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15
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Alagiakrishnan K, Halverson T. Microbial Therapeutics in Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Disorders. J Clin Med Res 2021; 13:439-459. [PMID: 34691318 PMCID: PMC8510649 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial therapeutics, which include gut biotics and fecal transplantation, are interventions designed to improve the gut microbiome. Gut biotics can be considered as the administration of direct microbial populations. The delivery of this can be done through live microbial flora, certain food like fiber, microbial products (metabolites and elements) obtained through the fermentation of food products, or as genetically engineered substances, that may have therapeutic benefit on different health disorders. Dietary intervention and pharmacological supplements with gut biotics aim at correcting disruption of the gut microbiota by repopulating with beneficial microorganism leading to decrease in gut permeability, inflammation, and alteration in metabolic activities, through a variety of mechanisms of action. Our understanding of the pharmacokinetics of microbial therapeutics has improved with in vitro models, sampling techniques in the gut, and tools for the reliable identification of gut biotics. Evidence from human studies points out that prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics have the potential for treating and preventing mental health disorders, whereas with paraprobiotics, proteobiotics and postbiotics, the research is limited at this point. Some animal studies point out that gut biotics can be used with conventional treatments for a synergistic effect on mental health disorders. If future research shows that there is a possibility of synergistic effect of psychotropic medications with gut biotics, then a gut biotic or nutritional prescription can be given along with psychotropics. Even though the overall safety of gut biotics seems to be good, caution is needed to watch for any known and unknown side effects as well as the need for risk benefit analysis with certain vulnerable populations. Future research is needed before wide spread use of natural and genetically engineered gut biotics. Regulatory framework for gut biotics needs to be optimized. Holistic understanding of gut dysbiosis, along with life style factors, by health care providers is necessary for the better management of these conditions. In conclusion, microbial therapeutics are a new psychotherapeutic approach which offer some hope in certain conditions like dementia and depression. Future of microbial therapeutics will be driven by well-done randomized controlled trials and longitudinal research, as well as by replication studies in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tyler Halverson
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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16
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Korlepara V, Kumar N, Banerjee S. Gut Microbiota And Inflammatory Disorders. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:156-169. [PMID: 34165407 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210623125603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The gut has been colonized with bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, eukarya. The human and bacterial cells are found in a 1:1 ratio, while the variance in the diversity of gut microbiota may result in Dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis may result in various pathological manifestations. Beneficial gut microbiota may synthesize short-chain fatty acids like acetate, butyrate, propionate, while -gram-negative organisms are the primary source of LPS, a potent pro-inflammatory mediator. Both gut microbiota and microbial products may be involved in immunomodulation as well as inflammation. Prebiotics and probiotics are being explored as therapeutic agents against various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Here we discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in gut bacteria-mediated modulation of various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi Korlepara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sugato Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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17
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Beloborodova NV, Chernevskaya EA, Getsina ML. Indolic Structure Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Non-infectious Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:238-249. [PMID: 33092503 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201022121653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interest in indolic structure metabolites, including a number of products of microbial biotransformation of the aromatic amino acid tryptophan, is increasingly growing. The review prepared by a team of authors is based on in-depthscrutiny of data available in PubMed, Scopus, Cyberleninka, Clinical Trials, and Cochrane Library, eventually narrowing the search to a set of keywords such as tryptophan metabolites; plasma metabolomics profiling; metabolomics fingerprinting; gas-, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; serotonin; melatonin; tryptamine; indoxyl sulfate; indole-3-acetic acid; indole-3-propionic acid; 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid; gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. It provides a summary that outlines the pattern of changes in the level of indolic structure metabolites in a number of diseases and deals with the data from the field of human microbiota metabolites. In modern experimental studies, including the use of gnotobiological (germ-free) animals, it has been convincingly proved that the formation of tryptophan metabolites such as indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-propionic acid, tryptamine, and indoxyl sulfate is associated with gut bacteria. Attention to some concentration changes of indolic compounds is due to the fact that pronounced deviations and a significant decrease of these metabolites in the blood were found in a number of serious cardiovascular, brain or gastrointestinal diseases. The literature-based analysis allowed the authors to conclude that a constant (normal) level of the main metabolites of the indolic structure in the human body is maintained by a few strict anaerobic bacteria from the gut of a healthy body belonging to the species of Clostridium, Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacteria, etc. The authors focus on several metabolites of the indolic structure that can be called clinically significant in certain diseases, such as schizophrenia, depression, atherosclerosis, colorectal cancer, etc. Determining the level of indole metabolites in the blood can be used to diagnose and monitor the effectiveness of a comprehensive treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Beloborodova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Petrovka 25, bild 2, Moscow, 107031, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Chernevskaya
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Petrovka 25, bild 2, Moscow, 107031, Russian Federation
| | - Maria L Getsina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Petrovka 25, bild 2, Moscow, 107031, Russian Federation
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18
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Naqvi S, Asar TO, Kumar V, Al-Abbasi FA, Alhayyani S, Kamal MA, Anwar F. A cross-talk between gut microbiome, salt and hypertension. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111156. [PMID: 33401080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac disorders contribute to one of the major causes of fatality across the world. Hypertensive patients, even well maintained on drugs, possess a high risk to cardiovascular diseases. It is, therefore, highly important to identify different factors and pathways that lead to risk and progression of cardiovascular disorders. Several animals and human studies suggest that taxonomical alterations in the gut are involved in the cardiovascular physiology. In this article, with the help of various experimental evidences, we suggest that the host gut-microbiota plays an important in this pathway. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and Trimethyl Amine -n-Oxide (TMAO) are the two major products of gut microbiome. SCFAs present a crucial role in regulating the blood pressure, while TMAO is involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other coronary artery diseases, including hypertension. We prove that there exists a triangular bridge connecting the gap between dietary salt, hypertension and gut microbiome. We also present some of the dietary interventions which can regulate and control microbiota that can prevent cardiovascular complications.We strongly believe that this article would improve the understanding the role of gut microbiota in hypertension, and will be helpful in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for prevention of hypertension through restoring gut microbiome homeostasis in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Naqvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Turky Omar Asar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences. Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj, 211007, India.
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alhayyani
- Department of Chemistry. College of Sciences & Arts, Rabigh King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW, 27707, Australia
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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19
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Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a dynamic ecosystem with prolific health connotations. Physical activity is emerging as a potent regulator of human microbiome composition. This study examined changes in the gut microbiome of a world‐class ultramarathon runner before and after competing in the Western States Endurance Run (WSER), a 163 km mountain footrace. Anthropometrics and body composition were assessed and the ultramarathoner's submaximal and maximal performance profiles were evaluated. Gut microbiome analyses were performed at four time‐points: 21 weeks and 2 weeks before and 2 hours and 10 days after WSER. Aerobic power (VO2max) was 4.24 L/min (66.7 ml kg−1 min−1), and running economy (51.1 ml kg−1 min−1 at 268 m/min) and lactate threshold (~83% VO2max) values were comparable to that of highly trained distance runners. Two hours post‐race, considerable changes in the ultrarunners’ gut microbiome were observed. Alpha diversity (Shannon Diversity Index) increased from 2.73 to 2.80 and phylum‐level bacterial composition (Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio) rose from 4.4 to 14.2. Underlying these macro‐level microbial alterations were demonstrable increases in select bacterial genera such as Veillonella (+14,229%) and Streptococcus (+438%) concomitant with reductions in Alloprevotella (−79%) and Subdolingranulum (−50%). To our knowledge, this case study shows the most rapid and pronounced shifts in human gut microbiome composition after acute exercise in the human literature. These findings provide yet another example of how exercise can be a powerful modulator of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Grosicki
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, Georgia
| | - Ryan P Durk
- San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - James R Bagley
- San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
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20
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Philips CA, Augustine P, Yerol PK, Ramesh GN, Ahamed R, Rajesh S, George T, Kumbar S. Modulating the Intestinal Microbiota: Therapeutic Opportunities in Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2020; 8:87-99. [PMID: 32274349 PMCID: PMC7132020 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2019.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on the initiation, progression and development of complications associated with multiple liver diseases. Notably, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis, severe alcoholic hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and hepatic encephalopathy, have strong links to dysbiosis - or a pathobiological change in the microbiota. In this review, we provide clear and concise discussions on the human gut microbiota, methods of identifying gut microbiota and its functionality, liver diseases that are affected by the gut microbiota, including novel associations under research, and provide current evidence on the modulation of gut microbiota and its effects on specific liver disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyriac Abby Philips
- The Liver Unit, Monarch Liver Lab and Division of Gastroenterology, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Philip Augustine
- The Liver Unit, Monarch Liver Lab and Division of Gastroenterology, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Yerol
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | | | - Rizwan Ahamed
- The Liver Unit, Monarch Liver Lab and Division of Gastroenterology, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Sasidharan Rajesh
- The Liver Unit, Monarch Liver Lab and Division of Gastroenterology, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Tom George
- The Liver Unit, Monarch Liver Lab and Division of Gastroenterology, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Sandeep Kumbar
- The Liver Unit, Monarch Liver Lab and Division of Gastroenterology, Cochin Gastroenterology Group, Ernakulam Medical Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India
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21
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Jing TZ, Qi FH, Wang ZY. Most dominant roles of insect gut bacteria: digestion, detoxification, or essential nutrient provision? MICROBIOME 2020; 8:38. [PMID: 32178739 PMCID: PMC7077154 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insect gut microbiota has been shown to contribute to the host's digestion, detoxification, development, pathogen resistance, and physiology. However, there is poor information about the ranking of these roles. Most of these results were obtained with cultivable bacteria, whereas the bacterial physiology may be different between free-living and midgut-colonizing bacteria. In this study, we provided both proteomic and genomic evidence on the ranking of the roles of gut bacteria by investigating the anal droplets from a weevil, Cryptorhynchus lapathi. RESULTS The gut lumen and the anal droplets showed qualitatively and quantitatively different subsets of bacterial communities. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the gut lumen is dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, whereas the anal droplets are dominated by Proteobacteria. From the anal droplets, enzymes involved in 31 basic roles that belong to 7 super roles were identified by Q-TOF MS. The cooperation between the weevil and its gut bacteria was determined by reconstructing community pathway maps, which are defined in this study. A score was used to rank the gut bacterial roles. The results from the proteomic data indicate that the most dominant role of gut bacteria is amino acid biosynthesis, followed by protein digestion, energy metabolism, vitamin biosynthesis, lipid digestion, plant secondary metabolite (PSM) degradation, and carbohydrate digestion, while the order from the genomic data is amino acid biosynthesis, vitamin biosynthesis, lipid digestion, energy metabolism, protein digestion, PSM degradation, and carbohydrate digestion. The PCA results showed that the gut bacteria form functional groups from the point of view of either the basic role or super role, and the MFA results showed that there are functional variations among gut bacteria. In addition, the variations between the proteomic and genomic data, analyzed with the HMFA method from the point of view of either the bacterial community or individual bacterial species, are presented. CONCLUSION The most dominant role of gut bacteria is essential nutrient provisioning, followed by digestion and detoxification. The weevil plays a pioneering role in diet digestion and mainly digests macromolecules into smaller molecules which are then mainly digested by gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Zhong Jing
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Feng-Hui Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040 China
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22
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Chemical derivatization-based LC–MS/MS method for quantitation of gut microbial short-chain fatty acids. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Payling L, Fraser K, Loveday S, Sims I, Roy N, McNabb W. The effects of carbohydrate structure on the composition and functionality of the human gut microbiota. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Ahn HJ, You HJ, Park MS, Li Z, Choe D, Johnston TV, Ku S, Ji GE. Microbial biocatalysis of quercetin-3-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-glucoside in Salicornia herbacea and their contribution to improved anti-inflammatory activity. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5339-5350. [PMID: 35498283 PMCID: PMC9049170 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08059g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicornia herbacea (glasswort) is a traditional Asian medicinal plant which exhibits multiple nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties. Quercetin-3-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-glucoside are the major flavonoid glycosides found in S. herbacea. Multiple researchers have shown that flavonoid glycosides can be structurally transformed into minor aglycone molecules, which play a significant role in exerting physiological responses in vivo. However, minor aglycone molecule levels in S. herbacea are very low. In this study, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AD011, isolated from infant feces, catalyzed >85% of quercetin-3-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-glucoside into quercetin and isorhamnetin, respectively, in 2 h, without breaking down flavonoid backbones. Functionality analysis demonstrated that the quercetin and isorhamnetin produced showed improved anti-inflammatory activity vs. the original source molecules against lipopolysaccharide induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our report highlights a novel protocol for rapid quercetin and isorhamnetin production from S. herbacea flavonoids and the applicability of quercetin and isorhamnetin as nutraceutical molecules with enhanced anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jin Ahn
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju You
- Center for Human and Environmental Microbiome, Institute of Health and Environment Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Park
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd. Hongcheon 25117 Republic of Korea
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Deokyeong Choe
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA
| | - Tony Vaughn Johnston
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA
| | - Geun Eog Ji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd. Hongcheon 25117 Republic of Korea
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25
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Cai Y, Folkerts J, Folkerts G, Maurer M, Braber S. Microbiota-dependent and -independent effects of dietary fibre on human health. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:1363-1381. [PMID: 31663129 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibre, such as indigestible oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, occurs in many foods and has gained considerable importance related to its beneficial effects on host health and specific diseases. Dietary fibre is neither digested nor absorbed in the small intestine and modulates the composition of the gut microbiota. New evidence indicates that dietary fibre also interacts directly with the epithelium and immune cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract by microbiota-independent effects. This review focuses on how dietary fibre improves human health and the reported health benefits that are connected to molecular pathways, in (a) a microbiota-independent manner, via interaction with specific surface receptors on epithelial and immune cells regulating intestinal barrier and immune function, and (b) a microbiota-dependent manner via maintaining intestinal homeostasis by promoting beneficial microbes, including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, limiting the growth, adhesion, and cytotoxicity of pathogenic microbes, as well as stimulating fibre-derived microbial short-chain fatty acid production. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cai
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Folkerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Bullich C, Keshavarzian A, Garssen J, Kraneveld A, Perez-Pardo P. Gut Vibes in Parkinson's Disease: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 6:639-651. [PMID: 31745471 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The complexity of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) is attributable to multifactorial changes occurring at a molecular level, influenced by genetics and environmental interactions. However, what causes the main hallmarks of PD is not well understood. Recent data increasingly suggest that imbalances in the gut microbiome composition might trigger and/or exacerbate the progression of PD. Objective The present review aims to (1) report emerging literature showing changes in microbiota composition of PD patients compared to healthy individuals and (2) discuss how these changes may initiate and/or perpetuate PD pathology. Methods We analyzed 13 studies published from 2015 and included in this review. Altered microbial taxa were compiled in a detailed table summarizing bacterial changes in fecal/mucosal samples. The methodology was systematically reviewed across the articles and was also included in a table to facilitate comparisons between studies. Results Multiple studies found a reduction in short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacteria that can rescue neuronal damage through epigenetic mechanisms. Overall, the studies showed that changes in the gut microbiota composition might influence colonic inflammation, gut permeability, and α-synuclein aggregation, contributing to the neurogenerative process. Conclusion Further studies with larger cohorts and high-resolution sequencing methods are required to better define gut microbiota changes in PD. Furthermore, additional longitudinal studies are required to determine the causal link between these changes and PD pathogenesis as well as to study the potential of the intestinal microbiota as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bullich
- Division of Pharmacology Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands.,Nutricia Reasearch Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Aletta Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Paula Perez-Pardo
- Division of Pharmacology Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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27
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Abbasiliasi S, Tan JS, Bello B, Ibrahim TAT, Tam YJ, Ariff A, Mustafa S. Prebiotic efficacy of coconut kernel cake’s soluble crude polysaccharides on growth rates and acidifying property of probiotic lactic acid bacteria in vitro. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1649603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Abbasiliasi
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Bashirat Bello
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Yew Joon Tam
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Arbakariya Ariff
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shuhaimi Mustafa
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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28
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Aslam H, Ruusunen A, Berk M, Loughman A, Rivera L, Pasco JA, Jacka FN. Unravelled facets of milk derived opioid peptides: a focus on gut physiology, fractures and obesity. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:36-49. [PMID: 31154909 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1614540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Beyond being a source of key nutrients, bovine milk influences physiological functions by synthesising bioactive peptides during the process of digestion. Some of the claimed negative health outcomes associated with milk consumption, such as cardiovascular diseases and type 1 diabetes may be attributed to an opioid peptide, beta-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7), derived from A1 beta-casein. BCM-7 exerts its function by binding to the μ-opioid receptors in the body. It is hypothesised that activation of the μ-opioid receptors in the gut can alter gut microbial composition, impair gut barrier integrity and bile acid metabolism, in addition to increasing gastrointestinal transit time and gut inflammation. Further, it is hypothesised that BCM-7 may influence fractures and obesity via μ-opioid receptor pathways. In conclusion, it appears that BCM-7 might have multiple functions pertinent to human health; however, the evidence is limited and warrants further pre-clinical and clinical studies for hypothesis confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajara Aslam
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Amy Loughman
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Leni Rivera
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Waurn Ponds, Deakin University Victoria, Geelong, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, New South Wales, Australia
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Pantoja-Feliciano IG, Soares JW, Doherty LA, Karl JP, McClung HL, Armstrong NJ, Branck TA, Arcidiacono S. Acute stressor alters inter-species microbial competition for resistant starch-supplemented medium. Gut Microbes 2018; 10:439-446. [PMID: 31309868 PMCID: PMC6748575 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1554962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome community dynamics are maintained by complex microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions, which can be disturbed by stress. In vivo studies on the dynamics and manipulation of those interactions are costly and slow, but can be accelerated using in vitro fermentation. Herein, in vitro fermentation was used to determine how an acute stressor, a sudden change in diet, impacts inter-bacterial species competition for resistant starch-supplemented medium (RSM). Fermentation vessels were seeded with fecal samples collected from 10 individuals consuming a habitual diet or U.S. military rations for 21 days. Lactobacillus spp. growth in response to RSM was attenuated following ration consumption, whereas growth of Ruminococcus bromii was enhanced. These differences were not evident in the pre-fermentation samples. Findings demonstrate how incorporating in vitro fermentation into clinical studies can increase understanding of stress-induced changes in nutrient-microbiome dynamics, and suggest that sudden changes in diet may impact inter-species competition for substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Gisela Pantoja-Feliciano
- Soldier Performance and Optimization Directorate (SPOD), U.S. Army Natick Soldier, Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC), Natick, MA, USA
| | - Jason W. Soares
- Soldier Performance and Optimization Directorate (SPOD), U.S. Army Natick Soldier, Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC), Natick, MA, USA
| | - Laurel A. Doherty
- Soldier Performance and Optimization Directorate (SPOD), U.S. Army Natick Soldier, Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC), Natick, MA, USA
| | - J. Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA, USA
| | - Holly L. McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA, USA
| | - Nicholes J. Armstrong
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA, USA
| | - Tobyn A. Branck
- Soldier Performance and Optimization Directorate (SPOD), U.S. Army Natick Soldier, Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC), Natick, MA, USA
| | - Steven Arcidiacono
- Soldier Performance and Optimization Directorate (SPOD), U.S. Army Natick Soldier, Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC), Natick, MA, USA,CONTACT Steven Arcidiacono Soldier Performance and Optimization Directorate (SPOD), U.S. Army Natick Soldier, Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC), Natick
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Hyland NP, Cryan JF. When pharmacology meets the microbiome: new targets for therapeutics? Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4401-4403. [PMID: 30478976 PMCID: PMC6255957 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on When Pharmacology Meets the Microbiome: New Targets for Therapeutics? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall P Hyland
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
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Xu J, Li Y, Yang Z, Li C, Liang H, Wu Z, Pu W. Yeast Probiotics Shape the Gut Microbiome and Improve the Health of Early-Weaned Piglets. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2011. [PMID: 30210480 PMCID: PMC6119770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Weaning is one of the most stressful challenges in the pig's life, which contributes to dysfunctions of intestinal and immune system, disrupts the gut microbial ecosystem, and therefore compromises the growth performance and health of piglets. To mitigate the negative impact of the stress on early-weaned piglets, effective measures are needed to promote gut health. Toward this end, we tamed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain and developed a probiotic Duan-Nai-An, which is a yeast culture of the tamed S. cerevisiae on egg white. In this study, we tested the performance of Duan-Nai-An on growth and health of early-weaned piglets and analyzed its impact on fecal microbiota. The results showed that Duan-Nai-An significantly improved weight gain and feed intake, and reduced diarrhea and death of early-weaned piglets. Analysis of the gut microbiota showed that the bacterial community was shaped by Duan-Nai-An and maintained as a relatively stable structure, represented by a higher core OTU number and lower unweighted UniFrac distances across the early weaned period. However, fungal community was not significantly shaped by the yeast probiotics. Notably, 13 bacterial genera were found to be associated with Duan-Nai-An feeding, including Enterococcus, Succinivibrio, Ruminococcus, Sharpea, Desulfovibrio, RFN20, Sphaerochaeta, Peptococcus, Anaeroplasma, and four other undefined genera. These findings suggest that Duan-Nai-An has the potential to be used as a feed supplement in swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Wanxia Pu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Bik EM, Ugalde JA, Cousins J, Goddard AD, Richman J, Apte ZS. Microbial biotransformations in the human distal gut. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:4404-4414. [PMID: 29116650 PMCID: PMC6255956 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human distal gut is home to a rich and dense microbial community with representatives of all three domains of life which are intricately connected with our physiology and health. The combined genomes of these microbes, collectively called the human microbiome, vastly expand the metabolic capacities of our own genome, allowing us to break down and extract energy from dietary compounds that human enzymes cannot digest. In addition, the variable composition of these communities and their biotransformations might explain inter-individual differences in toxicities, tolerances and efficacies for certain drugs. Recent advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have provided exciting new insights into the genomes of our microbial symbionts, their functional capacities and the interactions between these microbes and their human host. This review summarizes the metabolic conversions of dietary components and pharmaceuticals that take place in the human distal gut, as well as their implications for human health. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on When Pharmacology Meets the Microbiome: New Targets for Therapeutics? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.24/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zachary S Apte
- uBiome, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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