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de Araújo WS, Bergamini LL, Almeida-Neto M. Global effects of land-use intensity and exotic plants on the structure and phylogenetic signal of plant-herbivore networks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173949. [PMID: 38876343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and herbivorous insects are often phylogenetically structured, with closely related insect species using similar sets of species or lineages of plants, while phylogenetically closer plants tend to share high proportions of their herbivore insect species. Notably, these phylogenetic constraints in plant-herbivore interactions tend to be more pronounced among internal plant-feeding herbivores (i.e., endophages) than among external feeders (i.e., exophages). In the context of growing human-induced habitat conversion and the global proliferation of exotic species, it is crucial to understand how ecological networks respond to land-use intensification and the increasing presence of exotic plants. In this study, we analyzed plant-herbivore network data from various locations of the World to ascertain the degree to which land-use intensity and the prevalence of exotic plants induce predictable changes in their network topology - measured by levels of nestedness and modularity - and phylogenetic structures. Additionally, we investigated whether the intimacy of plant-herbivore interactions, contrasting endophagous with exophagous networks, modulate changes in network structure. Our findings reveal that most plant-herbivore networks are characterized by significant phylogenetic and topological structures. However, neither these structures did not show consistent changes in response to increased levels of land-use intensify. On the other hand, for the networks composed of endophagous herbivores, the level of nestedness was higher in the presence of a high proportion of exotic plants. Additionally, for networks of exophagous herbivores, we observed an increase in the phylogenetic structure of interactions due to exotic host dominance. These results underscore the differential impacts of exotic species and land-use intensity on the phylogenetic and topological structures of plant-herbivore networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Santos de Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG 39401-089, Brazil..
| | - Leonardo Lima Bergamini
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais do Cerrado, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, Brasília, DF 70312-970, Brazil
| | - Mário Almeida-Neto
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74001-970, Brazil
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2
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Qiu J, Bai J, Wang Y, Zhai Y, Zhang X, Xu Y, Wang Y. Cadmium contamination decreased bacterial network complexity and stability in coastal reclamation areas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:134896. [PMID: 38909464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium(Cd) contamination can exert significantly adverse effects on soil microbiota in reclaimed areas, however, its effects on bacterial network structure are still limitedly understood. Here we collected soil samples from typical reclaimed wetlands (RW) and ditch wetlands (DW) in coastal reclamation areas and examined the effects of Cd contamination on the bacterial network complexity and stability. The results showed that the bacterial networks were destabilized by the Cd contamination, while bacteria in DW soils showed robust invulnerability characterized by higher node constancy and compositional stability compared with RW soils. Soil bacteria resisted Cd stress by forming a network with intensive connections in the module but sparser connections among the modules. Especially, network modularity was higher in DW soils than in RW soils, but made it more vulnerable to nodes removal. In addition, Cd contamination promoted bacterial positive cohesion but decreased negative cohesion in RW soils. Flavobacteriaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, and Alcaligenaceae were identified as core phylotypes, which played pivotal roles in regulating interspecies interactions due to higher contributions to cohesion and significant correlations with soil nutrients. The findings of this work indicate the changes of bacterial network structure and the indispensable role of core phylotypes in regulating interactions and maintaining network sustainability under Cd contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yimeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuhao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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3
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Astudillo-Clavijo V, Varella H, Mankis T, López-Fernández H. Historical Field Records Reveal Habitat as an Ecological Correlate of Locomotor Phenotypic Diversity in the Radiation of Neotropical Geophagini Fishes. Am Nat 2024; 204:147-164. [PMID: 39008839 DOI: 10.1086/730783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
AbstractPhenotypic macroevolutionary studies provide insight into how ecological processes shape biodiversity. However, the complexity of phenotype-ecology relationships underscores the importance of also validating phenotype-based ecological inference with direct evidence of resource use. Unfortunately, macroevolutionary-scale ecological studies are often hindered by the challenges of acquiring taxonomically and spatially representative ecological data for large and widely distributed clades. The South American cichlid fish tribe Geophagini represents a continentally distributed radiation whose early locomotor morphological divergence suggests habitat as one ecological correlate of diversification, but an association between locomotor traits and habitat preference has not been corroborated. Field notes accumulated over decades of collecting across South America provide firsthand environmental records that can be mined for habitat data in support of macroevolutionary ecological research. In this study, we applied a newly developed method to transform descriptive field note information into quantitative habitat data and used it to assess habitat preference and its relationship to locomotor morphology in Geophagini. Field note-derived data shed light on geophagine habitat use patterns and reinforced habitat as an ecological correlate of locomotor morphological diversity. Our work emphasizes the rich data potential of museum collections, including often-overlooked material such as field notes, for evolutionary and ecological research.
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4
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Zhao W, Soininen J, Hu A, Liu J, Li M, Wang J. The structure of bacteria-fungi bipartite networks along elevational gradients in contrasting climates. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17442. [PMID: 38953280 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is altering species distribution and modifying interactions in microbial communities. Understanding microbial community structure and their interactions is crucial to interpreting ecosystem responses to climate change. Here, we examined the assemblages of stream bacteria and fungi, and the associations between the two groups along elevational gradients in two regions with contrasting precipitation and temperature, that is the Galong and Qilian mountains of the Tibetan Plateau. In the wetter and warmer region, the species richness significantly increased and decreased with elevation for bacteria and fungi, respectively, while were nonsignificant in the drier and colder region. Their bipartite network structure was also different by showing significant increases in connectance and nestedness towards higher elevations only in the wetter and warmer region. In addition, these correlation network structure generally exhibited similar positive association with species richness in the wetter and warmer region and the drier and colder region. In the wetter and warmer region, climatic change along elevation was more important in determining connectance and nestedness, whereas microbial species richness exerted a stronger influence on network structure and robustness in the drier and colder region. These findings indicate substantial forthcoming changes in microbial diversity and network structure in warming climates, especially in wetter and warmer regions on Earth, advancing the understanding of microbial bipartite interactions' response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Janne Soininen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjia Li
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Suding KN, Collins CG, Hallett LM, Larios L, Brigham LM, Dudney J, Farrer EC, Larson JE, Shackelford N, Spasojevic MJ. Biodiversity in changing environments: An external-driver internal-topology framework to guide intervention. Ecology 2024; 105:e4322. [PMID: 39014865 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Accompanying the climate crisis is the more enigmatic biodiversity crisis. Rapid reorganization of biodiversity due to global environmental change has defied prediction and tested the basic tenets of conservation and restoration. Conceptual and practical innovation is needed to support decision making in the face of these unprecedented shifts. Critical questions include: How can we generalize biodiversity change at the community level? When are systems able to reorganize and maintain integrity, and when does abiotic change result in collapse or restructuring? How does this understanding provide a template to guide when and how to intervene in conservation and restoration? To this end, we frame changes in community organization as the modulation of external abiotic drivers on the internal topology of species interactions, using plant-plant interactions in terrestrial communities as a starting point. We then explore how this framing can help translate available data on species abundance and trait distributions to corresponding decisions in management. Given the expectation that community response and reorganization are highly complex, the external-driver internal-topology (EDIT) framework offers a way to capture general patterns of biodiversity that can help guide resilience and adaptation in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Courtney G Collins
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lauren M Hallett
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Loralee Larios
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Laurel M Brigham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Joan Dudney
- Environmental Studies Program, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Emily C Farrer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Julie E Larson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, Oregon, USA
| | - Nancy Shackelford
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marko J Spasojevic
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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6
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Ten Caten C, Dallas T. Latitudinal specificity of plant-avian frugivore interactions. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:958-969. [PMID: 38826033 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Broad-scale assessments of plant-frugivore interactions indicate the existence of a latitudinal gradient in interaction specialization. The specificity (i.e. the similarity of the interacting partners) of plant-frugivore interactions could also change latitudinally given that differences in resource availability could favour species to become more or less specific in their interactions across latitudes. Species occurring in the tropics could be more taxonomically, phylogenetically and functionally specific in their interactions because of a wide range of resources that are constantly available in these regions that would allow these species to become more specialized in their resource usage. We used a data set on plant-avian frugivore interactions spanning a wide latitudinal range to examine these predictions, and we evaluated the relationship between latitude and taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional specificity of plant and frugivore interactions. These relationships were assessed using data on population interactions (population level), species means (species level) and community means (community level). We found that the specificity of plant-frugivore interactions is generally not different from null models. Although statistically significant relationships were often observed between latitude and the specificity of plant-frugivore interactions, the direction of these relationships was variable and they also were generally weak and had low explanatory power. These results were consistent across the three specificity measures and levels of organization, suggesting that there might be an interplay between different mechanisms driving the interactions between plants and frugivores across latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber Ten Caten
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tad Dallas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Li X, Bleisch WV, Hu W, Li Q, Wang H, Chen Z, Bai R, Jiang XL. Human disturbance increases spatiotemporal associations among mountain forest terrestrial mammal species. eLife 2024; 12:RP92457. [PMID: 38949865 PMCID: PMC11216745 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Spatial and temporal associations between sympatric species underpin biotic interactions, structure ecological assemblages, and sustain ecosystem functioning and stability. However, the resilience of interspecific spatiotemporal associations to human activity remains poorly understood, particularly in mountain forests where anthropogenic impacts are often pervasive. Here, we applied context-dependent Joint Species Distribution Models to a systematic camera-trap survey dataset from a global biodiversity hotspot in eastern Himalayas to understand how prominent human activities in mountain forests influence species associations within terrestrial mammal communities. We obtained 10,388 independent detections of 17 focal species (12 carnivores and five ungulates) from 322 stations over 43,163 camera days of effort. We identified a higher incidence of positive associations in habitats with higher levels of human modification (87%) and human presence (83%) compared to those located in habitats with lower human modification (64%) and human presence (65%) levels. We also detected a significant reduction of pairwise encounter time at increasing levels of human disturbance, corresponding to more frequent encounters between pairs of species. Our findings indicate that human activities can push mammals together into more frequent encounters and associations, which likely influences the coexistence and persistence of wildlife, with potential far-ranging ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - William V Bleisch
- China Exploration and Research Society, 2707-08 SouthMark, Wong Chuk HangHong KongChina
| | - Wenqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Hongjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Zhongzheng Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Ru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Xue-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
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8
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Burg S, Ovaskainen O, Furneaux B, Ivanova N, Abrahamyan A, Niittynen P, Somervuo P, Abrego N. Experimental evidence that root-associated fungi improve plant growth at high altitude. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17376. [PMID: 38703052 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Unravelling how species communities change along environmental gradients requires a dual understanding: the direct responses of the species to their abiotic surroundings and the indirect variation of these responses through biotic interactions. Here, we focus on the interactive relationships between plants and their symbiotic root-associated fungi (RAF) along stressful abiotic gradients. We investigate whether variations in RAF community composition along altitudinal gradients influence plant growth at high altitudes, where both plants and fungi face harsher abiotic conditions. We established a translocation experiment between pairs of Bistorta vivipara populations across altitudinal gradients. To separate the impact of shifting fungal communities from the overall influence of changing abiotic conditions, we used a root barrier to prevent new colonization by RAF following translocation. To characterize the RAF communities, we applied DNA barcoding to the root samples. Through the utilization of joint species distribution modelling, we assessed the relationship between changes in plant functional traits resulting from experimental treatments and the corresponding changes in the RAF communities. Our findings indicate that RAF communities influence plant responses to stressful abiotic conditions. Plants translocated from low to high altitudes grew more when they were able to associate with the resident high-altitude RAF compared to those plants that were not allowed to associate with the resident RAF. We conclude that interactions with RAF impact how plants respond to stressful abiotic conditions. Our results provide experimental support that interactions with RAF improve plant stress tolerance to altitudinal stressors such as colder temperatures and less nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar Burg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brendan Furneaux
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Natalia Ivanova
- Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Nature Metrics North America Ltd., Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arusyak Abrahamyan
- Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pekka Niittynen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Panu Somervuo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nerea Abrego
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Krasnov BR, Barki G, Khokhlova IS. Dissimilarity in flea and host assemblages and their interaction networks along a spatial distance gradient: different patterns revealed by different network dissimilarity metrics. Oecologia 2024; 205:397-409. [PMID: 38842685 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the distance-decay pattern (an increase in dissimilarity with increasing geographic distance) in regional assemblages of fleas and their small mammalian hosts, as well as their interaction networks, in four biogeographic realms. Dissimilarity of assemblages (βtotal) was partitioned into species richness differences (βrich) and species replacement (βrepl) components. Dissimilarity of networks was assessed using two metrics: (a) whole network dissimilarity (βWN) partitioned into species replacement (βST) and interaction rewiring (βOS) components and (b) D statistics, measuring dissimilarity in the pure structure of the networks, without using information on species identities and calculated for hosts-shared-by-fleas networks (Dh) and fleas-shared-by-hosts networks (Df). We asked whether the distance-decay pattern (a) occurs among interactor assemblages or their interaction networks; (b) depends on the network dissimilarity metric used; and (c) differs between realms. The βtotal and βrepl of flea and host assemblages increased with distance in all realms except for host assemblages in the Afrotropics. βrich for flea and host assemblages increased with distance in the Nearctic only. In networks, βWN and βST demonstrated a distance-decay pattern, whereas βOS was mainly spatially invariant except in the Neotropics. Correlations of Dh or Df and geographic distance were mostly non-significant. We conclude that investigations of dissimilarity in interaction networks should include both types of dissimilarity metrics (those that consider partner identities and those that consider the pure structure of networks). This will allow elucidating the predictability of some facets of network dissimilarity and the unpredictability of other facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris R Krasnov
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
| | - Goni Barki
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Irina S Khokhlova
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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10
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Finnie S, Butterill P, Novotny V, Redmond C, Jorge LR, Abe T, Lamarre GPA, Maicher V, Sam K. Vertical stratification and defensive traits of caterpillars against parasitoids in a lowland tropical forest in Cameroon. Oecologia 2024; 204:915-930. [PMID: 38613574 PMCID: PMC11062930 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Insect herbivores and their parasitoids play a crucial role in terrestrial trophic interactions in tropical forests. These interactions occur across the entire vertical gradient of the forest. This study compares how caterpillar communities, and their parasitism rates, vary across vertical strata and between caterpillar defensive strategies in a semi deciduous tropical forest in Nditam, Cameroon. Within a 0.1 ha plot, all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were felled and systematically searched for caterpillars. We divided the entire vertical gradient of the forest into eight, five-metre strata. All caterpillars were assigned to a stratum based on their collection height, reared, identified, and classified into one of three defensive traits: aposematic, cryptic and shelter-building. Caterpillar species richness and diversity showed a midstory peak, whereas density followed the opposite pattern, decreasing in the midstory and then increasing towards the highest strata. This trend was driven by some highly dense shelter-building caterpillars in the upper canopy. Specialisation indices indicated decreasing levels of caterpillar generality with increasing height, a midstory peak in vulnerability, and increasing connectance towards the upper canopy, although the latter was likely driven by decreasing network size. Both aposematic and shelter-building caterpillars had significantly higher parasitism rates than cryptic caterpillars. Our results highlight nuanced changes in caterpillar communities across forest strata and provide evidence that defences strategies are important indicators of parasitism rates in caterpillars and that both aposematic and shelter-building caterpillars could be considered a "safe haven" for parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Finnie
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Philip Butterill
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Conor Redmond
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomokazu Abe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Greg P A Lamarre
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Balboa, 0843-03092, Ancon, Panama
| | - Vincent Maicher
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Katerina Sam
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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11
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Fu H, Cai G, Özkan K, Johansson LS, Søndergaard M, Lauridsen TL, Yuan G, Jeppesen E. Re-oligotrophication and warming stabilize phytoplankton networks. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121325. [PMID: 38367379 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Phytoplankton taxa are strongly interconnected as a network, which could show temporal dynamics and non-linear responses to changes in drivers at both seasonal and long-term scale. Using a high quality dataset of 20 Danish lakes (1989-2008), we applied extended Local Similarity Analysis to construct temporal network of phytoplankton communities for each lake, obtained sub-network for each sampling month, and then measured indices of network complexity and stability for each sub-network. We assessed how lake re-oligotrophication, climate warming and grazers influenced the temporal dynamics on network complexity and stability of phytoplankton community covering three aspects: seasonal trends, long-term trends and detrended variability. We found strong seasonality for the complexity and stability of phytoplankton network, an increasing trend for the average degree, modularity, nestedness, persistence and robustness, and a decreasing trend for connectance, negative:positive interactions and vulnerability. Our study revealed a cascading effect of lake re-oligotrophication, climate warming and zooplankton grazers on phytoplankton network stability through changes in network complexity characterizing diversity, interactions and topography. Network stability of phytoplankton increased with average degree, modularity, nestedness and decreased with connectance and negative:positive interactions. Oligotrophication and warming stabilized the phytoplankton network (enhanced robustness, persistence and decreased vulnerability) by enhancing its average degree, modularity, nestedness and by reducing its connectance, while zooplankton richness promoted stability of phytoplankton network through increases in average degree and decreases in negative interactions. Our results further indicate that the stabilization effects might lead to more closed, compartmentalized and nested interconnections especially in the deeper lakes, in the warmer seasons and during bloom periods. From a temporal dynamic network view, our findings highlight stabilization of the phytoplankton community as an adaptive response to lake re-oligotrophication, climate warming and grazers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fu
- Department of Ecology, College of Environment & Ecology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Guojun Cai
- Department of Ecology, College of Environment & Ecology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Korhan Özkan
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdemli, Mersin 33731, Turkey
| | - Liselotte Sander Johansson
- Department of Ecoscience and Centre for Water Technology /WATEC), Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg 8600, Denmark
| | - Martin Søndergaard
- Department of Ecoscience and Centre for Water Technology /WATEC), Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg 8600, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Torben L Lauridsen
- Department of Ecoscience and Centre for Water Technology /WATEC), Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg 8600, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guixiang Yuan
- Department of Ecology, College of Environment & Ecology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdemli, Mersin 33731, Turkey; Department of Ecoscience and Centre for Water Technology /WATEC), Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg 8600, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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12
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Smith GP, Cohen H, Zorn JF, McFrederick QS, Ponisio LC. Plant-pollinator network architecture does not impact intraspecific microbiome variability. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17306. [PMID: 38414303 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Variation in how individuals interact with food resources can directly impact, and be affected by, their microbial interactions due to the potential for transmission. The degree to which this transmission occurs, however, may depend on the structure of forager networks, which determine the community-scale transmission opportunities. In particular, how the community-scale opportunity for transfer balances individual-scale barriers to transmission is unclear. Examining the bee-flower and bee-microbial interactions of over 1000 individual bees, we tested (1) the degree to which individual floral visits predicted microbiome composition and (2) whether plant-bee networks with increased opportunity for microbial transmission homogenized the microbiomes of bees within that network. The pollen community composition carried by bees was associated with microbiome composition at some sites, suggesting that microbial transmission at flowers occurred. Contrary to our predictions, however, microbiome variability did not differ based on transfer opportunity: bee microbiomes in asymmetric networks with high opportunity for microbial transfer were similarly variable compared to microbiomes in networks with more evenly distributed links. These findings suggest that microbial transmission at flowers is frequent enough to be observed at the community level, but that community network structure did not substantially change the dynamics of this transmission, perhaps due to filtering processes in host guts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon P Smith
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Hamutahl Cohen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- University of California Cooperative Extension Ventura County, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ventura, California, USA
| | - Jocelyn F Zorn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Quinn S McFrederick
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Lauren C Ponisio
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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13
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Krasnov BR, Shenbrot GI, Khokhlova IS, López Berrizbeitia MF, Matthee S, Sanchez JP, VAN DER Mescht L. Environment and traits affect parasite and host species positions but not roles in flea-mammal networks. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 38263720 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
We studied spatial variation in the effects of environment and network size on species positions and roles in multiple flea-mammal networks from four biogeographic realms. We asked whether species positions (measured as species strength [SS], the degree of interaction specialization [d'], and the eigenvector centrality [C]) or the roles of fleas and their hosts in the interaction networks: (a) are repeatable/conserved within a flea or a host species; (b) vary in dependence on environmental variables and/or network size; and (c) the effects of environment and network size on species positions or roles in the networks depend on species traits. The repeatability analysis of species position indices for 441 flea and 429 host species, occurring in at least two networks, demonstrated that the repeatability of SS, d', and C within a species was significant, although not especially high, suggesting that the indices' values were affected by local factors. The majority of flea and host species in the majority of networks demonstrated a peripheral role. A value of at least one index of species position was significantly affected by environmental variables or network size in 41 and 36, respectively, of the 52 flea and 52 host species that occurred in multiple networks. In both fleas and hosts, the occurrence of the significant effect of environment or network size on at least one index of species position, but not on a species' role in a network, was associated with some species traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris R Krasnov
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Georgy I Shenbrot
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Irina S Khokhlova
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - M Fernanda López Berrizbeitia
- Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina (PCMA) and Instituto de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina (PIDBA)-CCT CONICET Noa Sur (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, UNT, and Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sonja Matthee
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Juliana P Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires-CITNOBA (CONICET-UNNOBA), Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Luther VAN DER Mescht
- Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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14
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Cantwell-Jones A, Tylianakis JM, Larson K, Gill RJ. Using individual-based trait frequency distributions to forecast plant-pollinator network responses to environmental change. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14368. [PMID: 38247047 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Determining how and why organisms interact is fundamental to understanding ecosystem responses to future environmental change. To assess the impact on plant-pollinator interactions, recent studies have examined how the effects of environmental change on individual interactions accumulate to generate species-level responses. Here, we review recent developments in using plant-pollinator networks of interacting individuals along with their functional traits, where individuals are nested within species nodes. We highlight how these individual-level, trait-based networks connect intraspecific trait variation (as frequency distributions of multiple traits) with dynamic responses within plant-pollinator communities. This approach can better explain interaction plasticity, and changes to interaction probabilities and network structure over spatiotemporal or other environmental gradients. We argue that only through appreciating such trait-based interaction plasticity can we accurately forecast the potential vulnerability of interactions to future environmental change. We follow this with general guidance on how future studies can collect and analyse high-resolution interaction and trait data, with the hope of improving predictions of future plant-pollinator network responses for targeted and effective conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Cantwell-Jones
- Georgina Mace Centre for The Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Georgina Mace Centre for The Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Biological Sciences, Private Bag 4800, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Keith Larson
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard J Gill
- Georgina Mace Centre for The Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
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15
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Pitteloud C, Defossez E, Albouy C, Descombes P, Rasmann S, Pellissier L. DNA-based networks reveal the ecological determinants of plant-herbivore interactions along environmental gradients. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6436-6448. [PMID: 35620937 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the ecological rules structuring the organization of species interactions is a prerequisite to predicting how ecosystems respond to environmental changes. While the ecological determinants of single networks have been documented, it remains unclear whether network ecological rules are conserved along spatial and environmental gradients. To address this gap, we reconstructed 48 plant-herbivore interaction networks along six elevation gradients in the Central European Alps in Switzerland, using DNA metabarcoding on orthoptera faeces. We developed hypotheses on the ecological mechanisms expected to structure interaction networks, based on plant phylogeny, plant abundance, leaf toughness, leaf nitrogen content and plant metabolomics. We show that plant phylogenetic relationships and species abundance have the greatest explanatory power regarding the structure of the ecological networks. Moreover, we found that leaf nitrogen content is a key determinant of interactions in warmer environments, while phenolic compounds and tannins are more important in colder environments, suggesting that determinants of species interactions can shift along environmental gradients. With this work, we propose an approach to study the mechanisms that structure the way species interact with each other between bioregions and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Pitteloud
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Defossez
- Functional Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Camille Albouy
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), IFREMER, INRAE, Institut Agro - Agrocampus Ouest, Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Patrice Descombes
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Functional Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Unit of Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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16
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Bellekom B, Lewis OT, Hackett TD. Latitudinal and anthropogenic effects on the structuring of networks linking blood-feeding flies and their vertebrate hosts. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:675-682. [PMID: 37261902 PMCID: PMC10946476 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biting flies (Diptera) transmit pathogens that cause many important diseases in humans as well as domestic and wild animals. The networks of feeding interactions linking these insects to their hosts, and how they vary geographically and in response to human land-use, are currently poorly documented but are relevant to understanding cross-species disease transmission. We compiled a database of biting Diptera-host interactions from the literature to investigate how key interaction network metrics vary latitudinally and with human land-use. Interaction evenness and H2' (a measure of the degree of network specificity) did not vary significantly with latitude. Compared to near-natural habitats, interaction evenness was significantly lower in agricultural habitats, where networks were dominated by relatively few species pairs, but there was no evidence that the presence of humans and their domesticated animals within networks led to systematic shifts in network structure. We discuss the epidemiological relevance of these results and the implications for predicting and mitigating future spill-over events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Bellekom
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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17
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Centeno Mejia AA, Bravo Gaete MF. Exploring the Entropy Complex Networks with Latent Interaction. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1535. [PMID: 37998227 PMCID: PMC10670619 DOI: 10.3390/e25111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we study the introduction of a latent interaction index, examining its impact on the formation and development of complex networks. This index takes into account both observed and unobserved heterogeneity per node in order to overcome the limitations of traditional compositional similarity indices, particularly when dealing with large networks comprising numerous nodes. In this way, it effectively captures specific information about participating nodes while mitigating estimation problems based on network structures. Furthermore, we develop a Shannon-type entropy function to characterize the density of networks and establish optimal bounds for this estimation by leveraging the network topology. Additionally, we demonstrate some asymptotic properties of pointwise estimation using this function. Through this approach, we analyze the compositional structural dynamics, providing valuable insights into the complex interactions within the network. Our proposed method offers a promising tool for studying and understanding the intricate relationships within complex networks and their implications under parameter specification. We perform simulations and comparisons with the formation of Erdös-Rényi and Barabási-Alber-type networks and Erdös-Rényi and Shannon-type entropy. Finally, we apply our models to the detection of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Arturo Centeno Mejia
- Doctorado en Modelamiento Matemático Aplicado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel, Talca 3605, Chile
| | - Moisés Felipe Bravo Gaete
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Física y Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel, Talca 3605, Chile;
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18
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Zhang X, Dalsgaard B, Staab M, Zhu C, Zhao Y, Gonçalves F, Ren P, Cai C, Qiao G, Ding P, Si X. Habitat fragmentation increases specialization of multi-trophic interactions by high species turnover. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231372. [PMID: 37876189 PMCID: PMC10598433 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is altering species interactions worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of network specialization to habitat fragmentation remain unknown, especially for multi-trophic interactions. We here collected a large dataset consisting of 2670 observations of tri-trophic interactions among plants, sap-sucking aphids and honeydew-collecting ants on 18 forested islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. For each island, we constructed an antagonistic plant-aphid and a mutualistic aphid-ant network, and tested how network specialization varied with island area and isolation. We found that both networks exhibited higher specialization on smaller islands, while only aphid-ant networks had increased specialization on more isolated islands. Variations in network specialization among islands was primarily driven by species turnover, which was interlinked across trophic levels as fragmentation increased the specialization of both antagonistic and mutualistic networks through bottom-up effects via plant and aphid communities. These findings reveal that species on small and isolated islands display higher specialization mainly due to effects of fragmentation on species turnover, with behavioural changes causing interaction rewiring playing only a minor role. Our study highlights the significance of adopting a multi-trophic perspective when exploring patterns and processes in structuring ecological networks in fragmented landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Michael Staab
- Technical University Darmstadt, Ecological Networks, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Chen Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Peng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Gexia Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfeng Si
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
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19
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Wirta H, Jones M, Peña‐Aguilera P, Chacón‐Duque C, Vesterinen E, Ovaskainen O, Abrego N, Roslin T. The role of seasonality in shaping the interactions of honeybees with other taxa. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10580. [PMID: 37818248 PMCID: PMC10560870 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Eltonian niche of a species is defined as its set of interactions with other taxa. How this set varies with biotic, abiotic and human influences is a core question of modern ecology. In seasonal environments, the realized Eltonian niche is likely to vary due to periodic changes in the occurrence and abundance of interaction partners and changes in species behavior and preferences. Also, human management decisions may leave strong imprints on species interactions. To compare the impact of seasonality to that of management effects, honeybees provide an excellent model system. Based on DNA traces of interaction partners archived in honey, we can infer honeybee interactions with floral resources and microbes in the surrounding habitats, their hives, and themselves. Here, we resolved seasonal and management-based impacts on honeybee interactions by sampling beehives repeatedly during the honey-storing period of honeybees in Finland. We then use a genome-skimming approach to identify the taxonomic contents of the DNA in the samples. To compare the effects of the season to the effects of location, management, and the colony itself in shaping honeybee interactions, we used joint species distribution modeling. We found that honeybee interactions with other taxa varied greatly among taxonomic and functional groups. Against a backdrop of wide variation in the interactions documented in the DNA content of honey from bees from different hives, regions, and beekeepers, the imprint of the season remained relatively small. Overall, a honey-based approach offers unique insights into seasonal variation in the identity and abundance of interaction partners among honeybees. During the summer, the availability and use of different interaction partners changed substantially, but hive- and taxon-specific patterns were largely idiosyncratic as modified by hive management. Thus, the beekeeper and colony identity are as important determinants of the honeybee's realized Eltonian niche as is seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Wirta
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Mirkka Jones
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pablo Peña‐Aguilera
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Camilo Chacón‐Duque
- Centre for PalaeogeneticsStockholmSweden
- Department of Archaeology and Classical StudiesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | | | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity DynamicsNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Nerea Abrego
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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20
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Biz LS, Bastazini VAG, Carvalho F, Ramos Pereira MJ. Network and parasitological analyses reveal latitudinal gradient in bats-ectoparasitic fly interactions across the Neotropic. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10527. [PMID: 37720064 PMCID: PMC10502467 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological interactions between parasites and their hosts play a fundamental role in evolutionary processes. Selection pressures are exerted on parasites and their hosts, usually resulting in high levels of specificity. Such is the case of ectoparasitic bat-flies, but how large-scale spatial gradients affect the dynamics of their interactions with their bat hosts is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated interaction patterns between bats and their ectoparasitic flies (Streblidae and Nycteribiidae), both presenting their peak of diversity in the Neotropical region, along a latitudinal gradient. Using network analyses and parasitic indices, grounded on the latitudinal diversity gradient pattern, we evaluated how spatial gradients affect species interactions and parasitic indices at the biogeopraphic scale, with increasing species richness in interaction networks closer to the tropics, leading to increases in network modularity, size, and specialization, and to a decrease in nesting and connectivity. We conducted a literature review, focusing on studies done in the Neotropical region, and own data. We obtained a bat richness of 97 species parasitized by 128 species of ectoparasitic flies, distributed into 57 interaction networks between latitudes 29° S and 19° N in the Neotropic. Network metrics and parasitic indices varied along the latitudinal gradient, with changes in the richness of bats and their ectoparasitic flies and in the structure of their interactions; network specialization, modularity, and connectance increase with latitude, while network size decreases with latitude. Regions closer to the equator had higher parasite loads. Our results show that interaction network metrics present a latitudinal gradient and that such interactions, when observed at a local scale, hide variations that only become perceptible at larger scales. In this way, ectoparasites such as bat flies are not only influenced by the ecology and biology of their hosts, but also by other environmental factors acting directly on their distribution and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana S. Biz
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em EcologiaInstituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreBrazil
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Bird and Mammal Evolution, Systematics and Ecology LaboratoryUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Vinicius A. G. Bastazini
- ‘Rui Nabeiro’ Biodiversity ChairUniversity of Évora. Rua Dr. Joaquim Henrique da FonsecaÉvoraPortugal
- MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversity of ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Ambientais da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC)CriciúmaBrazil
- Laboratório de Zoologia e Ecologia de Vertebrados (LABZEV) da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC)CriciúmaBrazil
| | - Maria João Ramos Pereira
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Bird and Mammal Evolution, Systematics and Ecology LaboratoryUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM)Universidade de AveiroAveiroPortugal
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21
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Zhu C, Li W, Campos-Arceiz A, Dalsgaard B, Ren P, Wang D, Zhang X, Sun M, Si Q, Kang Y, Ding P, Si X. The reliability of regional ecological knowledge to build local interaction networks: a test using seed-dispersal networks across land-bridge islands. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231221. [PMID: 37464753 PMCID: PMC10354482 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Building ecological networks is the fundamental basis of depicting how species in communities interact, but sampling complex interaction networks is extremely labour intensive. Recently, indirect ecological information has been applied to build interaction networks. Here we propose to extend the source of indirect ecological information, and applied regional ecological knowledge to build local interaction networks. Using a high-resolution dataset consisting of 22 locally observed networks with 17 572 seed-dispersal events, we test the reliability of indirectly derived local networks based on regional ecological knowledge (REK) across islands. We found that species richness strongly influenced 'local interaction rewiring' (i.e. the proportion of locally observed interactions among regionally interacting species), and all network properties were biased using REK-based networks. Notably, species richness and local interaction rewiring strongly affected estimations of REK-based network structures. However, locally observed and REK-based networks detected the same trends of how network structure correlates to island area and isolation. These results suggest that we should use REK-based networks cautiously for reflecting actual interaction patterns of local networks, but highlight that REK-based networks have great potential for comparative studies across environmental gradients. The use of indirect regional ecological information may thus advance our understanding of biogeographical patterns of species interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Wande Li
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan 666303, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Duorun Wang
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Si
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Kang
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfeng Si
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
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22
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Chiu CH, Chao A, Vogel S, Kriegel P, Thorn S. Quantifying and estimating ecological network diversity based on incomplete sampling data. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220183. [PMID: 37246386 PMCID: PMC10225855 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An ecological network refers to the ecological interactions among sets of species. Quantification of ecological network diversity and related sampling/estimation challenges have explicit analogues in species diversity research. A unified framework based on Hill numbers and their generalizations was developed to quantify taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Drawing on this unified framework, we propose three dimensions of network diversity that incorporate the frequency (or strength) of interactions, species phylogenies and traits. As with surveys in species inventories, nearly all network studies are based on sampling data and thus also suffer from under-sampling effects. Adapting the sampling/estimation theory and the iNEXT (interpolation/extrapolation) standardization developed for species diversity research, we propose the iNEXT.link method to analyse network sampling data. The proposed method integrates the following four inference procedures: (i) assessment of sample completeness of networks; (ii) asymptotic analysis via estimating the true network diversity; (iii) non-asymptotic analysis based on standardizing sample completeness via rarefaction and extrapolation with network diversity; and (iv) estimation of the degree of unevenness or specialization in networks based on standardized diversity. Interaction data between European trees and saproxylic beetles are used to illustrate the proposed procedures. The software iNEXT.link has been developed to facilitate all computations and graphics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Huo Chiu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30043, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Biodiversitätszentrum Rhön, Marktplatz 11, 97653 Bischofsheim i.d.R., Germany
| | - Peter Kriegel
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Glashüttenstr. 5, 96181 Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology, Biodiversity Center, Europastraße 10, 35394 Gießen, Germany
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23
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Brimacombe C, Bodner K, Michalska-Smith M, Poisot T, Fortin MJ. Shortcomings of reusing species interaction networks created by different sets of researchers. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002068. [PMID: 37011096 PMCID: PMC10101633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the requisite cost associated with observing species interactions, ecologists often reuse species interaction networks created by different sets of researchers to test their hypotheses regarding how ecological processes drive network topology. Yet, topological properties identified across these networks may not be sufficiently attributable to ecological processes alone as often assumed. Instead, much of the totality of topological differences between networks-topological heterogeneity-could be due to variations in research designs and approaches that different researchers use to create each species interaction network. To evaluate the degree to which this topological heterogeneity is present in available ecological networks, we first compared the amount of topological heterogeneity across 723 species interaction networks created by different sets of researchers with the amount quantified from non-ecological networks known to be constructed following more consistent approaches. Then, to further test whether the topological heterogeneity was due to differences in study designs, and not only to inherent variation within ecological networks, we compared the amount of topological heterogeneity between species interaction networks created by the same sets of researchers (i.e., networks from the same publication) with the amount quantified between networks that were each from a unique publication source. We found that species interaction networks are highly topologically heterogeneous: while species interaction networks from the same publication are much more topologically similar to each other than interaction networks that are from a unique publication, they still show at least twice as much heterogeneity as any category of non-ecological networks that we tested. Altogether, our findings suggest that extra care is necessary to effectively analyze species interaction networks created by different researchers, perhaps by controlling for the publication source of each network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Brimacombe
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Korryn Bodner
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Michalska-Smith
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothée Poisot
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de la Science de la Biodiversité du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Norberg A, Susi H, Sallinen S, Baran P, Clark NJ, Laine AL. Direct and indirect viral associations predict coexistence in wild plant virus communities. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1665-1676.e4. [PMID: 37019108 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are a vastly underestimated component of biodiversity that occur as diverse communities across hierarchical scales from the landscape level to individual hosts. The integration of community ecology with disease biology is a powerful, novel approach that can yield unprecedented insights into the abiotic and biotic drivers of pathogen community assembly. Here, we sampled wild plant populations to characterize and analyze the diversity and co-occurrence structure of within-host virus communities and their predictors. Our results show that these virus communities are characterized by diverse, non-random coinfections. Using a novel graphical network modeling framework, we demonstrate how environmental heterogeneity influences the network of virus taxa and how the virus co-occurrence patterns can be attributed to non-random, direct statistical virus-virus associations. Moreover, we show that environmental heterogeneity changed virus association networks, especially through their indirect effects. Our results highlight a previously underestimated mechanism of how environmental variability can influence disease risks by changing associations between viruses that are conditional on their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Norberg
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Hanna Susi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Sallinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pezhman Baran
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicholas J Clark
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QL 4343, Australia
| | - Anna-Liisa Laine
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Nkurikiyimana D, Manishimwe A, van der Hoek Y. Complexity of plant–pollinator interaction networks in East African high‐elevation wetlands. Afr J Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donath Nkurikiyimana
- Department of Biology University of Rwanda Kigali Rwanda
- Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund, Ellen DeGeneres Campus Kinigi Rwanda
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26
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Bontemps Z, Hugoni M, Moënne-Loccoz Y. Microscale dynamics of dark zone alterations in anthropized karstic cave shows abrupt microbial community switch. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160824. [PMID: 36502978 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Strong anthropization of karstic caves may result in formation of various wall alterations including dark zones, whose microbial community differs from that of non-altered surfaces nearby. Dark zones grow quickly and without gradual visual changes, leading to the hypothesis of a simple process rather than complex microbial successions, but this is counter-intuitive as underground microbial changes are typically slow and dark zones are microbiologically very distinct from unmarked surfaces. We tested this hypothesis in Paleolithic Lascaux Cave, across two years of microscale sampling. Indeed, Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding evidenced only three community stages for bacteria, fungi and all microeukaryotes together (i.e. unmarked surfaces, newly-formed dark zones and intermediate/old dark zones) and just two stages for archaea (unmarked surfaces vs dark zones), indicating abrupt community changes. The onset of dark zone formation coincided with the development of Ochroconis fungi, Bacteroidota and the bacterial genera Labrys, Nonomuraea and Sphingomonas, in parallel to Pseudomonas counter-selection. Modeling of community assembly processes highlighted that the dynamics of rare taxa in unmarked surfaces adjacent to dark zones and in newly-formed dark zones were governed in part by deterministic processes. This suggests that cooperative relationships between these taxa might be important to promote dark zone formation. Taken together, these findings indicate an abrupt community switch as these new alterations form on Lascaux cave walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zélia Bontemps
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mylène Hugoni
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240 Microbiologie Adaptation et Pathogénie, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Yvan Moënne-Loccoz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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27
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Liu C, Li C, Jiang Y, Zeng RJ, Yao M, Li X. A guide for comparing microbial co-occurrence networks. IMETA 2023; 2:e71. [PMID: 38868345 PMCID: PMC10989802 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The article provides a pipeline for comparing microbial co-occurrence networks based on the R microeco package and meconetcomp package. It has high flexibility and expansibility and can help users efficiently compare networks built from different groups of samples or different construction approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Soil Remediation of Fujian Province University, College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Chaonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Yanqiong Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Soil Remediation of Fujian Province University, College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Raymond J. Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Soil Remediation of Fujian Province University, College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Minjie Yao
- Engineering Research Center of Soil Remediation of Fujian Province University, College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xiangzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
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28
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Saqib HSA, Sun L, Pozsgai G, Liang P, You M, Gurr GM, You S. DNA metabarcoding of gut contents reveals key habitat and seasonal drivers of trophic networks involving generalist predators in agricultural landscapes. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:5390-5401. [PMID: 36057113 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the networks of trophic interactions into which generalist predators are embedded is key to assessing their ecological role of in trophic networks and the biological control services they provide. The advent of affordable DNA metabarcoding approaches greatly facilitates quantitative understanding of trophic networks and their response to environmental drivers. Here, we examine how key environmental gradients interact to shape predation by Lycosidae in highly dynamic vegetable growing systems in China. RESULTS For the sampled Lycosidae, crop identity, pesticide use and seasons shape the abundance of prey detected in spider guts. For the taxonomic richness of prey, local- and landscape-scale factors gradients were more influential. Multivariate ordinations confirm that these crop-abundant spiders dynamically adjust their diet to reflect environmental constraints and seasonal availability to prey. CONCLUSION Plasticity in diet composition is likely to account for the persistence of spiders in relatively ephemeral brassica crops. Our findings provide further insights into the optimization of habitat management for predator-based biological control practices. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed Saqib
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gabor Pozsgai
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Azorean Biodiversity Group, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Pingping Liang
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Geoff M Gurr
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Graham Centre, Charles Sturt University, Orange, Australia
| | - Shijun You
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- BGI-Sanya, Sanya, China
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29
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Fish-parasite interaction networks reveal latitudinal and taxonomic trends in the structure of host-parasite associations. Parasitology 2022; 149:1815-1821. [PMID: 35768403 PMCID: PMC10090588 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, treating host–parasite associations as bipartite interaction networks has proven a powerful tool to identify structural patterns and their likely causes in communities of fish and their parasites. Network analysis allows for both community-level properties to be computed and investigated, and species-level roles to be determined. Here, using data from 31 host–parasite interaction networks from local fish communities around the world, we test for latitudinal trends at whole-network level, and taxonomic patterns at individual parasite species level. We found that while controlling for network size (number of species per network), network modularity, or the tendency for the network to be subdivided into groups of species that interact mostly with each other, decreased with increasing latitude. This suggests that tropical fish–parasite networks may be more stable than those from temperate regions in the event of community perturbations, such as species extinction. At the species level, after accounting for the effect of host specificity, we observed no difference in the centrality of parasite species within networks between parasites with different transmission modes. However, species in some taxa, namely branchiurans, acanthocephalans and larval trematodes, generally had higher centrality values than other parasite taxa. Because species with a central position often serve as module connectors, these 3 taxa may play a key role in whole-network cohesion. Our results highlight the usefulness of network analysis to reveal the aspects of fish–parasite community interactions that would otherwise remain hidden and advance our understanding of their evolution.
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30
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Scale of effect matters: Forest cover influences on tropical ant-plant ecological networks. FOOD WEBS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Mestre F, Rozenfeld A, Araújo MB. Human disturbances affect the topology of food webs. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2476-2488. [PMID: 36167463 PMCID: PMC9828725 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Networks describe nodes connected by links, with numbers of links per node, the degree, forming a range of distributions including random and scale-free. How network topologies emerge in natural systems still puzzles scientists. Based on previous theoretical simulations, we predict that scale-free food webs are favourably selected by random disturbances while random food webs are selected by targeted disturbances. We assume that lower human pressures are more likely associated with random disturbances, whereas higher pressures are associated with targeted ones. We examine these predictions using 351 empirical food webs, generally confirming our predictions. Should the topology of food webs respond to changes in the magnitude of disturbances in a predictable fashion, consistently across ecosystems and scales of organisation, it would provide a baseline expectation to understand and predict the consequences of human pressures on ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Mestre
- ‘Rui Nabeiro’ Biodiversity Chair, MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversidade de ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal
| | - Alejandro Rozenfeld
- ‘Rui Nabeiro’ Biodiversity Chair, MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversidade de ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal,Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del CentroUniversidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasTandilBuenos AiresArgentina,CONICET‐CIFICEN‐Universidad del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos AiresTandilBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Miguel B. Araújo
- ‘Rui Nabeiro’ Biodiversity Chair, MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversidade de ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal,Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural SciencesCSICMadridSpain
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32
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Ho HC, Brodersen J, Gossner MM, Graham CH, Kaeser S, Reji Chacko M, Seehausen O, Zimmermann NE, Pellissier L, Altermatt F. Blue and green food webs respond differently to elevation and land use. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6415. [PMID: 36302854 PMCID: PMC9613893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While aquatic (blue) and terrestrial (green) food webs are parts of the same landscape, it remains unclear whether they respond similarly to shared environmental gradients. We use empirical community data from hundreds of sites across Switzerland and a synthesis of interaction information in the form of a metaweb to show that inferred blue and green food webs have different structural and ecological properties along elevation and among various land-use types. Specifically, in green food webs, their modular structure increases with elevation and the overlap of consumers' diet niche decreases, while the opposite pattern is observed in blue food webs. Such differences between blue and green food webs are particularly pronounced in farmland-dominated habitats, indicating that anthropogenic habitat modification modulates the climatic effects on food webs but differently in blue versus green systems. These findings indicate general structural differences between blue and green food webs and suggest their potential divergent future alterations through land-use or climatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Cheng Ho
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Brodersen
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Martin M. Gossner
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H. Graham
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Silvana Kaeser
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Merin Reji Chacko
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Division Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus E. Zimmermann
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- grid.418656.80000 0001 1551 0562Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Composition and structure of winter aphid–parasitoid food webs along a latitudinal gradient in Chile. Oecologia 2022; 200:425-440. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Balmaki B, Rostami MA, Christensen T, Leger EA, Allen JM, Feldman CR, Forister ML, Dyer LA. Modern approaches for leveraging biodiversity collections to understand change in plant-insect interactions. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.924941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on plant-pollinator interactions requires a diversity of perspectives and approaches, and documenting changing pollinator-plant interactions due to declining insect diversity and climate change is especially challenging. Natural history collections are increasingly important for such research and can provide ecological information across broad spatial and temporal scales. Here, we describe novel approaches that integrate museum specimens from insect and plant collections with field observations to quantify pollen networks over large spatial and temporal gradients. We present methodological strategies for evaluating insect-pollen network parameters based on pollen collected from museum insect specimens. These methods provide insight into spatial and temporal variation in pollen-insect interactions and complement other approaches to studying pollination, such as pollinator observation networks and flower enclosure experiments. We present example data from butterfly pollen networks over the past century in the Great Basin Desert and Sierra Nevada Mountains, United States. Complementary to these approaches, we describe rapid pollen identification methods that can increase speed and accuracy of taxonomic determinations, using pollen grains collected from herbarium specimens. As an example, we describe a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automate identification of pollen. We extracted images of pollen grains from 21 common species from herbarium specimens at the University of Nevada Reno (RENO). The CNN model achieved exceptional accuracy of identification, with a correct classification rate of 98.8%. These and similar approaches can transform the way we estimate pollination network parameters and greatly change inferences from existing networks, which have exploded over the past few decades. These techniques also allow us to address critical ecological questions related to mutualistic networks, community ecology, and conservation biology. Museum collections remain a bountiful source of data for biodiversity science and understanding global change.
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Renault D, Hess MCM, Braschi J, Cuthbert RN, Sperandii MG, Bazzichetto M, Chabrerie O, Thiébaut G, Buisson E, Grandjean F, Bittebiere AK, Mouchet M, Massol F. Advancing biological invasion hypothesis testing using functional diversity indices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155102. [PMID: 35398434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pioneering investigations on the effects of introduced populations on community structure, ecosystem functioning and services have focused on the effects of invaders on taxonomic diversity. However, taxonomic-based diversity metrics overlook the heterogeneity of species roles within and among communities. As the homogenizing effects of biological invasions on community and ecosystem processes can be subtle, they may require the use of functional diversity indices to be properly evidenced. Starting from the listing of major functional diversity indices, alongside the presentation of their strengths and limitations, we focus on studies pertaining to the effects of invasive species on native communities and recipient ecosystems using functional diversity indices. By doing so, we reveal that functional diversity of the recipient community may strongly vary at the onset of the invasion process, while it stabilizes at intermediate and high levels of invasion. As functional changes occurring during the lag phase of an invasion have been poorly investigated, we show that it is still unknown whether there are consistent changes in functional diversity metrics that could indicate the end of the lag phase. Thus, we recommend providing information on the invasion stage under consideration when computing functional diversity metrics. For the existing literature, it is also surprising that very few studies explored the functional difference between organisms from the recipient communities and invaders of the same trophic levels, or assessed the effects of non-native organism establishment into a non-analogue versus an analogue community. By providing valuable tools for obtaining in-depth diagnostics of community structure and functioning, functional diversity indices can be applied for timely implementation of restoration plans and improved conservation strategies. To conclude, our work provides a first synthetic guide for their use in hypothesis testing in invasion biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renault
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Manon C M Hess
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, France; Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France; NGE-GUINTOLI, Saint-Etienne du Grès, Parc d'activités de Laurade - BP22, 13156 Tarascon Cedex, France
| | - Julie Braschi
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, France; Naturalia-Environnement, Ingénierie en écologie, 20 Rue Lawrence Durrell, 84140 Avignon, France
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5DL Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Marta G Sperandii
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Manuele Bazzichetto
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Chabrerie
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR 7058 CNRS EDYSAN, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Gabrielle Thiébaut
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Elise Buisson
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, France
| | - Frédéric Grandjean
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI- Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, équipe EES, 5 rue Albert Turpin, Bat B8-B35, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Anne-Kristel Bittebiere
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maud Mouchet
- UMR 7204 MNHN-SU-CNRS CESCO, CP135, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - François Massol
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Janeček Š, Chmel K, Mlíkovský J, Uceda-Gómez G, Janečková P, Fominka NT, Njie MM, Ewome FL. Spatiotemporal pattern of specialization of sunbird-plant networks on Mt. Cameroon. Oecologia 2022; 199:885-896. [PMID: 35947185 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Differences in interaction specializations between nectarivorous birds and plants across continents serve as common examples of evolutionary trajectory specificity. While New World hummingbird-plant networks have been extensively studied and are considered highly specialized, knowledge on the network specialization of their Old World counterparts, sunbirds (Nectariniidae), remains limited. A few studies from tropical Africa indicate that sunbird-plant networks are rather generalized. Unfortunately, these studies are limited to dry seasons and high elevations at the tree line, environments where niche-based hypotheses also often predict lower resource partitioning. In our study, we explored the specialization of sunbird-plant networks and their spatiotemporal variability on Mt. Cameroon (Cameroon). Using a combination of automatic video recordings and personal observations, we constructed eight comprehensive sunbird-plant networks in four forest types at different elevations in both the dry and wet seasons. As reported in previous studies, the montane forest plants, birds and whole networks were highly generalized. Nevertheless, we observed a much higher specialization in forests at lower elevations. Except at the lowest altitude, the wet season was also characterized by higher specialization. While less specialized flowering trees dominated in the dry season networks, more specialized herbs and shrubs were visited by birds during the wet season. As our findings do not support the generally accepted assumption that Old World bird-plant networks are rather generalized, we need further studies to understand the differences in bird-plant specializations on individual continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpán Janeček
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Kryštof Chmel
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Mlíkovský
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Guillermo Uceda-Gómez
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Janečková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Nestoral Tajaocha Fominka
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Marcus Mokake Njie
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,National Forestry School, Mbalmayo, P.O. Box 69, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Francis Luma Ewome
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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König S, Krauss J, Keller A, Bofinger L, Steffan-Dewenter I. Phylogenetic relatedness of food plants reveals highest insect herbivore specialization at intermediate temperatures along a broad climatic gradient. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4027-4040. [PMID: 35429201 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The composition and richness of herbivore and plant assemblages change along climatic gradients, but knowledge about associated shifts in specialization is scarce and lacks controlling for the abundance and phylogeny of interaction partners. Thus, we aimed to test whether the specialization of phytophagous insects in insect-plant interaction networks decreases toward cold habitats as predicted by the 'altitude niche-breadth hypothesis' to forecast possible consequences of interaction rewiring under climate change. We used a non-invasive, standardized metabarcoding approach to reconstruct dietary relationships of Orthoptera species as a major insect herbivore taxon along a broad temperature gradient (~12°C) in Southern Germany. Based on Orthoptera surveys, feeding observations, collection of fecal pellets from >3,000 individuals of 54 species, and parallel vegetation surveys on 41 grassland sites, we quantified plant resource availability and its use by herbivores. Herbivore assemblages were richer in species and individuals at sites with high summer temperatures, while plant richness peaked at intermediate temperatures. Corresponding interaction networks were most specialized in warm habitats. Considering phylogenetic relationships of plant resources, however, the specialization pattern was not linear but peaked at intermediate temperatures, mediated by herbivores feeding on a narrow range of phylogenetically related resources. Our study provides empirical evidence of resource specialization of insect herbivores along a climatic gradient, demonstrating that resource phylogeny, availability, and temperature interactively shape the specialization of herbivore assemblages. Instead of low specialization levels only in cold, harsh habitats, our results suggest increased generalist feeding due to intraspecific changes and compositional differences at both ends of the microclimatic gradient. We conclude that this nonlinear change of phylogeny-based resource specialization questions predictions derived from the 'altitude-niche breadth hypothesis' and highlights the currently limited understanding of how plant-herbivore interactions will change under future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian König
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Keller
- Organismic and Cellular Interactions, Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany
| | | | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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White CD, Collier MJ, Stout JC. Anthropogenic Induced Beta Diversity in Plant–Pollinator Networks: Dissimilarity, Turnover, and Predictive Power. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.806615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogeography has traditionally focused on the distribution of species, while community ecology has sought to explain the patterns of community composition. Species interactions networks have rarely been subjected to such analyses, as modeling tools have only recently been developed for interaction networks. Here, we examine beta diversity of ecological networks using pollination networks sampled along an urbanization and agricultural intensification gradient in east Leinster, Ireland. We show, for the first time, that anthropogenic gradients structure interaction networks, and exert greater structuring force than geographical proximity. We further showed that species turnover, especially of plants, is the major driver of interaction turnover, and that this contribution increased with anthropogenic induced environmental dissimilarity, but not spatial distance. Finally, to explore the extent to which it is possible to predict each of the components of interaction turnover, we compared the predictive performance of models that included site characteristics and interaction properties to models that contained species level effects. We show that if we are to accurately predict interaction turnover, data are required on the species-specific responses to environmental gradients. This study highlights the importance of anthropogenic disturbances when considering the biogeography of interaction networks, especially in human dominated landscapes where geographical effects can be secondary sources of variation. Yet, to build a predictive science of the biogeography of interaction networks, further species-specific responses need to be incorporated into interaction distribution modeling approaches.
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Pecuchet L, Jørgensen LL, Dolgov AV, Eriksen E, Husson B, Skern‐Mauritzen M, Primicerio R. Spatio‐temporal turnover and drivers of bentho‐demersal community and food web structure in a high‐latitude marine ecosystem. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrey V. Dolgov
- Polar Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO named after N.M.Knipovich) Murmansk Russia
- Murmansk State Technical University Murmansk Russia
- Tomsk State University Tomsk Russia
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40
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Krasnov BR, Shenbrot GI, Khokhlova IS. Phylogenetic signals in flea-host interaction networks from four biogeographic realms: differences between interactors and the effects of environmental factors. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:475-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Liu Z, Wang J, Meng D, Li L, Liu X, Gu Y, Yan Q, Jiang C, Yin H. The Self-Organization of Marine Microbial Networks under Evolutionary and Ecological Processes: Observations and Modeling. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040592. [PMID: 35453791 PMCID: PMC9031791 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The properties and structure of ecological networks in marine microbial communities determine ecosystem functions and stability; however, the principles of microbial network assemblages are poorly understood. In this study, we revealed the influences of species phylogeny and niches on the self-organization of marine microbial co-occurrence networks and provided a mathematical framework to simulate microbial network assemblages. Our results provide deep insights into network stability from the perspective of network assembly principles and not just network properties, such as complexity and modularity. Abstract Evolutionary and ecological processes are primary drivers of ecological network constrictions. However, the ways that these processes underpin self-organization and modularity in networks are poorly understood. Here, we performed network analyses to explore the evolutionary and ecological effects on global marine microbial co-occurrence networks across multiple network levels, including those of nodes, motifs, modules and whole networks. We found that both direct and indirect species interactions were evolutionarily and ecologically constrained across at least four network levels. Compared to ecological processes, evolutionary processes generally showed stronger long-lasting effects on indirect interactions and dominated the network assembly of particle-associated communities in spatially homogeneous environments. Regarding the large network path distance, the contributions of either processes to species interactions generally decrease and almost disappear when network path distance is larger than six. Accordingly, we developed a novel mathematical model based on scale-free networks by considering the joint effects of evolutionary and ecological processes. We simulated the self-organization of microbial co-occurrence networks and found that long-lasting effects increased network stability via decreasing link gain or loss. Overall, these results revealed that evolutionary and ecological processes played key roles in the self-organization and modularization of microbial co-occurrence networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Z.L.); (D.M.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;
| | - Delong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Z.L.); (D.M.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Liangzhi Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Z.L.); (D.M.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Z.L.); (D.M.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yabing Gu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Z.L.); (D.M.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.G.)
| | - Qingyun Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Chengying Jiang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Z.L.); (D.M.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Spatio-temporal patterns of multi-trophic biodiversity and food-web characteristics uncovered across a river catchment using environmental DNA. Commun Biol 2022; 5:259. [PMID: 35322190 PMCID: PMC8943070 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate characterisation of ecological communities with respect to their biodiversity and food-web structure is essential for conservation. However, combined empirical study of biodiversity and multi-trophic food webs at a large spatial and temporal resolution has been prohibited by the lack of appropriate access to such data from natural systems. Here, we assessed biodiversity and food-web characteristics across a 700 km2 riverine network over seasons using environmental DNA. We found contrasting biodiversity patterns between major taxonomic groups. Local richness showed statistically significant, season-dependent increases and decreases towards downstream location within the catchment for fish and bacteria, respectively. Meanwhile, invertebrate richness remained spatially unchanged but varied across seasons. The structure of local food webs, such as link density and nestedness, also varied across space and time. However, these patterns did not necessarily mirror those observed for biodiversity and functional feeding characteristics. Our results suggest that biodiversity patterns and food-web dynamics are not directly scalable to each other even at the same spatial and temporal scales. In order to conserve species diversity as well as the functional trophic integrity of communities, patterns of biodiversity and food-web characteristics must thus be jointly studied. By sampling environmental DNA across a large riverine network over multiple seasons, the varied dynamics between biodiversity and food-web dynamics are revealed.
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Wu S, Wen L, Dong S, Gao X, Xu Y, Li S, Dong Q, Wessell K. The Plant Interspecific Association in the Revegetated Alpine Grasslands Determines the Productivity Stability of Plant Community Across Restoration Time on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850854. [PMID: 35386668 PMCID: PMC8978524 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grassland cultivation is the key measure for restoring "Black Beach," the extremely degraded alpine meadow in the Three River Headwater Area of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we examined the inter-specific relationship in the vegetation community of cultivated grasslands with different restoration times through the network analysis method. The results showed that with the extension of restoration time, the development of cultivated grassland would lead to increasing neutral interactions among the plant species. The proportion of species with positive and negative associations in the community decreased, while the number of species-independent pairs increased significantly. The complexity of plant interspecific association (species network density) had more influence on community stability with the extension of recovery time, which can be used to quantify the characteristics of community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shikui Dong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yudan Xu
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Quanming Dong
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Kelly Wessell
- Tompkins Cortland Community College, Dryden, NY, United States
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Solans M, Pelliza YI, Tadey M. Inoculation with Native Actinobacteria May Improve Desert Plant Growth and Survival with Potential Use for Restoration Practices. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:380-392. [PMID: 33928415 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms, together with water, play a key role in arid ecosystems, being responsible for the nutrient cycle, facilitating nutrient incorporation into plants, influencing plant drought tolerance, and enhancing their establishment. Therefore, their use for restoration practices is promising. We tested the potential of native strains of Actinobacteria from Monte Desert as growth promoters of native vegetation, isolating them from two substrates from their habitat (bare soil and leaf-cutting ant refuse dumps). Strains were inoculated into the soil where seedlings of three native plant species (Atriplex lampa, Grindelia chiloensis, Gutierrezia solbrigii) were growing. Seedlings were grown following a full factorial design experiment under greenhouse and field conditions comparing native Actinobacteria effects with a known growth-promoting strain, Streptomyces sp. (BCRU-MM40 GenBank accession number: FJ771041), and control treatments. Seedlings survived greenhouse condition but species survival and growth were different among treatments at field conditions, varying over time. The highest survival was observed in a native soil strain (S20) while the lowest in MM40. The low survival in MM40 and in the other treatments may be explained by the higher herbivory observed in those seedlings compared to control ones, suggesting a higher nutritional status in inoculated plants. Strains from refuse dumps were the best at enhancing seedling growth, while strains from soil were the best at maintaining their survival. Native Actinobacteria studied may increase plant species survival and growth by improving their nutritional status, suggesting their potential to facilitate vegetation establishment and, therefore, being good candidates for restoration practices. Furthermore, plant species respond differently to different strains, highlighting the importance of microorganism diversity for ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Solans
- INIBIOMA, CONICET-UNComahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Y I Pelliza
- Lab. ECOTONO, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Pasaje Gutiérrez 1125, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Tadey
- Lab. ECOTONO, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Pasaje Gutiérrez 1125, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina.
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Caron D, Maiorano L, Thuiller W, Pollock LJ. Addressing the Eltonian shortfall with trait-based interaction models. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:889-899. [PMID: 35032411 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have very limited knowledge of how species interact in most communities and ecosystems despite trophic relationships being fundamental for linking biodiversity to ecosystem functioning. A promising approach to fill this gap is to predict interactions based on functional traits, but many questions remain about how well we can predict interactions for different taxa, ecosystems and amounts of input data. Here, we built a new traits-based model of trophic interactions for European vertebrates and found that even models calibrated with 0.1% of the interactions (100 out of 71 k) estimated the full European vertebrate food web reasonably well. However, predators were easier to predict than prey, especially for some clades (e.g. fowl and storks) and local food web connectance was consistently overestimated. Our results demonstrate the ability to rapidly generate food webs when empirical data are lacking-an important step towards a more complete and spatially explicit description of food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Caron
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
| | - Laura J Pollock
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, Montreal, QC, Canada
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46
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Woodward G, Morris O, Barquín J, Belgrano A, Bull C, de Eyto E, Friberg N, Guðbergsson G, Layer-Dobra K, Lauridsen RB, Lewis HM, McGinnity P, Pawar S, Rosindell J, O’Gorman EJ. Using Food Webs and Metabolic Theory to Monitor, Model, and Manage Atlantic Salmon—A Keystone Species Under Threat. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.675261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of Atlantic salmon are crashing across most of its natural range: understanding the underlying causes and predicting these collapses in time to intervene effectively are urgent ecological and socioeconomic priorities. Current management techniques rely on phenomenological analyses of demographic population time-series and thus lack a mechanistic understanding of how and why populations may be declining. New multidisciplinary approaches are thus needed to capitalize on the long-term, large-scale population data that are currently scattered across various repositories in multiple countries, as well as marshaling additional data to understand the constraints on the life cycle and how salmon operate within the wider food web. Here, we explore how we might combine data and theory to develop the mechanistic models that we need to predict and manage responses to future change. Although we focus on Atlantic salmon—given the huge data resources that already exist for this species—the general principles developed here could be applied and extended to many other species and ecosystems.
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47
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Escalas A, Troussellier M, Melayah D, Bruto M, Nicolas S, Bernard C, Ader M, Leboulanger C, Agogué H, Hugoni M. Strong reorganization of multi-domain microbial networks associated with primary producers sedimentation from oxic to anoxic conditions in an hypersaline lake. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6464137. [PMID: 34918080 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of microbial interactions in the functioning of natural systems is often impaired by the levels of complexity they encompass. In this study, we used the relative simplicity of an hypersaline crater lake hosting only microbial organisms (Dziani Dzaha) to provide a detailed analysis of the microbial networks including the three domains of life. We identified two main ecological zones, one euphotic and oxic zone in surface, where two phytoplanktonic organisms produce a very high biomass, and one aphotic and anoxic deeper zone, where this biomass slowly sinks and undergoes anaerobic degradation. We highlighted strong differences in the structure of microbial communities from the two zones and between the microbial consortia associated with the two primary producers. Primary producers sedimentation was associated with a major reorganization of the microbial network at several levels: global properties, modules composition, nodes and links characteristics. We evidenced the potential dependency of Woesearchaeota to the primary producers' exudates in the surface zone, and their disappearance in the deeper anoxic zone, along with the restructuration of the networks in the anoxic zone toward the decomposition of the organic matter. Altogether, we provided an in-depth analysis of microbial association network and highlighted putative changes in microbial interactions supporting the functioning of the two ecological zones in this unique ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Escalas
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case 093, 34 095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Marc Troussellier
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case 093, 34 095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Delphine Melayah
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maxime Bruto
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Nicolas
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cécile Bernard
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS, CP 39, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Magali Ader
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Leboulanger
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case 093, 34 095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Hélène Agogué
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) UMR 7266 CNRS -La Rochelle Université, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Mylène Hugoni
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
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48
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Smith GP, Gardner J, Gibbs J, Griswold T, Hauser M, Yanega D, Ponisio LC. Sex‐associated differences in the network roles of pollinators. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon P. Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornell University W361 Mudd Hall, 215 Tower Road Ithaca New York 14853 USA
- Department of Biology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Oregon 272 Onyx Bridge Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
- Department of Entomology University of California, Riverside 417 Entomology Bldg. Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Joel Gardner
- Department of Entomology University of Manitoba 12 Dafoe Road Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Jason Gibbs
- Department of Entomology University of Manitoba 12 Dafoe Road Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Terry Griswold
- USDA‐ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit Utah State University 1410 North 800 East Logan Utah 84322 USA
| | - Martin Hauser
- Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch California Department of Food and Agriculture 3294 Meadowview Road Sacramento California 95832 USA
| | - Doug Yanega
- Department of Entomology University of California, Riverside 417 Entomology Bldg. Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Lauren C. Ponisio
- Department of Biology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Oregon 272 Onyx Bridge Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
- Department of Entomology University of California, Riverside 417 Entomology Bldg. Riverside California 92521 USA
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49
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Sydenham MAK, Venter ZS, Reitan T, Rasmussen C, Skrindo AB, Skoog DIJ, Hanevik K, Hegland SJ, Dupont YL, Nielsen A, Chipperfield J, Rusch GM. MetaComNet: A random forest‐based framework for making spatial predictions of plant–pollinator interactions. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Trond Reitan
- Department of Biosciences Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | | | | | - Daniel I. J. Skoog
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | - Kaj‐Andreas Hanevik
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | - Stein Joar Hegland
- Department of Environmental Sciences Western University of Applied Sciences Sogndal Norway
| | - Yoko L. Dupont
- Department of Ecoscience Aarhus University Rønde Denmark
| | - Anders Nielsen
- Department of Biosciences Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Landscape and Biodiversity Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO) Ås Norway
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50
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Zhou Y, Sun B, Xie B, Feng K, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Li S, Du X, Zhang Q, Gu S, Song W, Wang L, Xia J, Han G, Deng Y. Warming reshaped the microbial hierarchical interactions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:6331-6347. [PMID: 34544207 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global warming may alter microbially mediated ecosystem functions through reshaping of microbial diversity and modified microbial interactions. Here, we examined the effects of 5-year experimental warming on different microbial hierarchical groups in a coastal nontidal soil ecosystem, including prokaryotes (i.e., bacteria and archaea), fungi, and Cercozoa, which is a widespread phylum of protists. Warming significantly altered the diversity and structure of prokaryotic and fungal communities in soil and additionally decreased the complexity of the prokaryotic network and fragmented the cercozoan network. By using the Inter-Domain Ecological Network approach, the cross-trophic interactions among prokaryotes, fungi, and Cercozoa were further investigated. Under warming, cercozoan-prokaryotic and fungal-prokaryotic bipartite networks were simplified, whereas the cercozoan-fungal network became slightly more complex. Despite simplification of the fungal-prokaryotic network, the strengthened synergistic interactions between saprotrophic fungi and certain prokaryotic groups, such as the Bacteroidetes, retained these phyla within the network under warming. In addition, the interactions within the fungal community were quite stable under warming conditions, which stabilized the interactions between fungi and prokaryotes or protists. Additionally, we found the microbial hierarchical interactions were affected by environmental stress (i.e., salinity and pH) and soil nutrients. Interestingly, the relevant microbial groups could respond to different soil properties under ambient conditions, whereas under warming these two groups tended to respond to similar soil properties, suggesting network hub species responded to certain environmental changes related to warming, and then transferred this response to their partners through trophic interactions. Finally, warming strengthened the network modules' negative association with soil organic matters through some fungal hub species, which might trigger soil carbon loss in this ecosystem. Our study provides new insights into the response and feedback of microbial hierarchical interactions under warming scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhou
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baoyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Baohua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Kai Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojing Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE) and Dalian POCT Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiongfeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Songsong Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Song
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianyang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Yellow River Delta Field Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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