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Gonzalez R, Saha A, Campbell CJ, Nejat P, Lokker C, Norgan AP. Seeing the random forest through the decision trees. Supporting learning health systems from histopathology with machine learning models: Challenges and opportunities. J Pathol Inform 2024; 15:100347. [PMID: 38162950 PMCID: PMC10755052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2023.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses some overlooked challenges faced when working with machine learning models for histopathology and presents a novel opportunity to support "Learning Health Systems" with them. Initially, the authors elaborate on these challenges after separating them according to their mitigation strategies: those that need innovative approaches, time, or future technological capabilities and those that require a conceptual reappraisal from a critical perspective. Then, a novel opportunity to support "Learning Health Systems" by integrating hidden information extracted by ML models from digitalized histopathology slides with other healthcare big data is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gonzalez
- DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Computational Pathology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ashirbani Saha
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Escarpment Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clinton J.V. Campbell
- William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peyman Nejat
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cynthia Lokker
- Health Information Research Unit, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew P. Norgan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Huang L, Zhang L, Huang H, Cai R, Yu H, Li J, Li M, Yu T, Cheng S, Xiao J. Optimizing medication guidance support for patients with cancer pain: development and evaluation of a pharmaceutical care system for healthcare professionals. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:533. [PMID: 39037493 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective management of cancer pain critically depends on timely medication administration and adherence to precise medication guidelines. In the context of limited time and a busy healthcare environment, tailoring the optimal medication schedule for each patient with cancer pain presents a significant challenge for physicians and clinical pharmacists. METHODS To address this challenge, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of healthcare professionals' needs in guiding cancer pain medication. By developing core features based on key user needs and continuously updating them, we have created the Universal Medication Schedule System (UMSS). We invited 20 physicians and pharmacists specializing in oncology or cancer pain to trial the system and assessed UMSS usage through distributed questionnaires. RESULTS We identified five key needs of healthcare professionals in cancer pain medication guidance. Based on these needs, we (1) constructed a comprehensive drug information database, including basic information for 1135 drugs, 130,590 drug interaction data entries, and 1409 individual medication timing constraints, and (2) developed a web-based system that provides essential reference information such as drug interactions and dietary restrictions. It can create medication schedules and provide medication education tailored to the patient's daily routine. Participating evaluators unanimously agreed (100%) that the system aids in accurately assessing the risks of polypharmacy and quickly scheduling medication regimens. CONCLUSION UMSS, by offering personalized medication schedule support, assists healthcare professionals in better managing patients' medication treatment plans. However, further improvements are needed in the automation of database updates and maintenance, as well as in integrating it with electronic health records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hangxing Huang
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruwen Cai
- Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Ting Yu
- Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuqiao Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- The Hunan Institute of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Jaber Amin MH, Mohamed Elhassan Elmahi MA, Abdelmonim GA, Fadlalmoula GA, Jaber Amin JH, Khalid Alrabee NH, Awad MH, Mohamed Omer ZY, Abu Dayyeh NTI, Hassan Abdalkareem NA, Meisara Seed Ahmed EMO, Hassan Osman HA, Mohamed HAO, Mohamedtoum Babiker AE, Diab Alnour AA, Mohamed Ahmed EA, Elamin Garban EH, Ali Mohammed NS, Mohamed Ahmed KAH, Beig MA, Shafique MA, Mohamed Elhag MG, Elfakey Omer MM, Abuzaid Ali AA, Mohamed Shatir DH, Ali MohamedElhassan HO, Bin Saleh KHA, Ali MB, Elzber Abdalla SS, Alhaj WM, Khalil Mergani ES, Mohammed HH. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of artificial intelligence among medical students in Sudan: a cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:3917-3923. [PMID: 38989161 PMCID: PMC11230734 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In this cross-sectional study, the authors explored the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to artificial intelligence (AI) among medical students in Sudan. With AI increasingly impacting healthcare, understanding its integration into medical education is crucial. This study aimed to assess the current state of AI awareness, perceptions, and practical experiences among medical students in Sudan. The authors aimed to evaluate the extent of AI familiarity among Sudanese medical students by examining their attitudes toward its application in medicine. Additionally, this study seeks to identify the factors influencing knowledge levels and explore the practical implementation of AI in the medical field. Method A web-based survey was distributed to medical students in Sudan via social media platforms and e-mail during October 2023. The survey included questions on demographic information, knowledge of AI, attitudes toward its applications, and practical experiences. The descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, logistic regression, and correlations were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results Out of the 762 participants, the majority exhibited a basic understanding of AI, but detailed knowledge of its applications was limited. Positive attitudes toward the importance of AI in diagnosis, radiology, and pathology were prevalent. However, practical application of these methods was infrequent, with only a minority of the participants having hands-on experience. Factors influencing knowledge included the lack of a formal curriculum and gender disparities. Conclusion This study highlights the need for comprehensive AI education in medical training programs in Sudan. While participants displayed positive attitudes, there was a notable gap in practical experience. Addressing these gaps through targeted educational interventions is crucial for preparing future healthcare professionals to navigate the evolving landscape of AI in medicine. Recommendations Policy efforts should focus on integrating AI education into the medical curriculum to ensure readiness for the technological advancements shaping the future of healthcare.
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Awuah WA, Aderinto N, Poornaselvan J, Tan JK, Shah MH, Ashinze P, Pujari AG, Bharadwaj HR, Abdul‐Rahman T, Atallah O. Empowering health care consumers & understanding patients' perspectives on AI integration in oncology and surgery: A perspective. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2268. [PMID: 39050906 PMCID: PMC11266117 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming oncology and surgery by improving diagnostics, personalizing treatments, and enhancing surgical precision. Patients appreciate AI for its potential to provide accurate prognoses and tailored therapies. However, AI's implementation raises ethical concerns, data privacy issues, and the need for transparent communication between patients and health care providers. This study aims to understand patients' perspectives on AI integration in oncology and surgery to foster a balanced and patient-centered approach. Methods The study utilized a comprehensive literature review and analysis of existing research on AI applications in oncology and surgery. The focus was on examining patient perceptions, ethical considerations, and the potential benefits and risks associated with AI integration. Data was collected from peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and expert opinions to provide a broad understanding of the topic. The perspectives of patients was also emphasized to highlight the nuances of their acceptance and concerns regarding AI in their health care. Results Patients generally perceive AI in oncology and surgery as beneficial, appreciating its potential for more accurate diagnoses, personalized treatment plans, and improved surgical outcomes. They particularly value AI's role in providing timely and precise diagnostics, which can lead to better prognoses and reduced anxiety. However, concerns about data privacy, ethical implications, and the reliability of AI systems were prevalent. Consequently, trust in AI and health care providers was deemed as a crucial factor for patient acceptance. Additionally, the need for transparent communication and ethical safeguards was also highlighted to address these concerns effectively. Conclusion The integration of AI in oncology and surgeryholds significant promise for enhancing patient care and outcomes. Patients view AI as a valuable tool that can provide accurate prognoses and personalized treatments. However, addressing ethical concerns, ensuring data privacy, and building trust through transparent communication are essential for successful AI integration. Future initiatives should focus on refining AI algorithms, establishing robust ethical guidelines, and enhancing patient education to harmonize technological advancements with patient-centered care principles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Aderinto
- Internal Medicine DepartmentLAUTECH Teaching HospitalOgbomosoNigeria
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Ashinze
- Faculty of Clinical SciencesUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria
| | | | | | | | - Oday Atallah
- Department of NeurosurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
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Zhang J, Fang J, Xu Y, Si G. How AI and Robotics Will Advance Interventional Radiology: Narrative Review and Future Perspectives. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1393. [PMID: 39001283 PMCID: PMC11241154 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14131393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics has led to significant progress in various medical fields including interventional radiology (IR). This review focuses on the research progress and applications of AI and robotics in IR, including deep learning (DL), machine learning (ML), and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) across specialties such as oncology, neurology, and cardiology, aiming to explore potential directions in future interventional treatments. To ensure the breadth and depth of this review, we implemented a systematic literature search strategy, selecting research published within the last five years. We conducted searches in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar to find relevant literature. Special emphasis was placed on selecting large-scale studies to ensure the comprehensiveness and reliability of the results. This review summarizes the latest research directions and developments, ultimately analyzing their corresponding potential and limitations. It furnishes essential information and insights for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers, potentially propelling advancements and innovations within the domains of AI and IR. Finally, our findings indicate that although AI and robotics technologies are not yet widely applied in clinical settings, they are evolving across multiple aspects and are expected to significantly improve the processes and efficacy of interventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646699, China; (J.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Jiayi Fang
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646699, China; (J.Z.); (J.F.)
| | - Yanneng Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646699, China;
| | - Guangyan Si
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646699, China;
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Uppal S, Kumar Shrivastava P, Khan A, Sharma A, Kumar Shrivastav A. Machine learning methods in predicting the risk of malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review. Int J Med Inform 2024; 186:105421. [PMID: 38552265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) refer to a heterogenous group of clinical presentations with heightened rate of malignant transformation. Identification of risk levels in OPMDs is crucial to determine the need for active intervention in high-risk patients and routine follow-up in low-risk ones. Machine learning models has shown tremendous potential in several areas of dentistry that strongly suggest its application to estimate rate of malignant transformation of precancerous lesions. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed on Pubmed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library database to identify articles including machine learning models and algorithms to predict malignant transformation in OPMDs. Relevant bibliographic data, study characteristics, and outcomes were extracted for eligible studies. Quality of the included studies was assessed through the IJMEDI checklist. RESULTS Fifteen articles were found suitable for the review as per the PECOS criteria. Amongst all studies, highest sensitivity (100%) was recorded for U-net architecture, Peaks Random forest model, and Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA). Highest specificity (100%) was noted for PLSDA. Range of overall accuracy in risk prediction was between 95.4% and 74%. CONCLUSION Machine learning proved to be a viable tool in risk prediction, demonstrating heightened sensitivity, automation, and improved accuracy for predicting transformation of OPMDs. It presents an effective approach for incorporating multiple variables to monitor the progression of OPMDs and predict their malignant potential. However, its sensitivity to dataset characteristics necessitates the optimization of input parameters to maximize the efficiency of the classifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Uppal
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | | | - Atiya Khan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ayush Kumar Shrivastav
- Computer Science and Engineering, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Chen Y, Zhong NN, Cao LM, Liu B, Bu LL. Surgical margins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A narrative review. Int J Surg 2024; 110:3680-3700. [PMID: 38935830 PMCID: PMC11175762 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a prevalent and frequently recurring malignancy, often necessitates surgical intervention. The surgical margin (SM) plays a pivotal role in determining the postoperative treatment strategy and prognostic evaluation of HNSCC. Nonetheless, the process of clinical appraisal and assessment of the SMs remains a complex and indeterminate endeavor, thereby leading to potential difficulties for surgeons in defining the extent of resection. In this regard, we undertake a comprehensive review of the suggested surgical distance in varying circumstances, diverse methods of margin evaluation, and the delicate balance that must be maintained between tissue resection and preservation in head and neck surgical procedures. This review is intended to provide surgeons with pragmatic guidance in selecting the most suitable resection techniques, and in improving patients' quality of life by achieving optimal functional and aesthetic restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Nian-Nian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Lei-Ming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial – Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial – Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Duwe G, Mercier D, Wiesmann C, Kauth V, Moench K, Junker M, Neumann CCM, Haferkamp A, Dengel A, Höfner T. Challenges and perspectives in use of artificial intelligence to support treatment recommendations in clinical oncology. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7398. [PMID: 38923826 PMCID: PMC11196383 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) promises to be the next revolutionary step in modern society. Yet, its role in all fields of industry and science need to be determined. One very promising field is represented by AI-based decision-making tools in clinical oncology leading to more comprehensive, personalized therapy approaches. In this review, the authors provide an overview on all relevant technical applications of AI in oncology, which are required to understand the future challenges and realistic perspectives for decision-making tools. In recent years, various applications of AI in medicine have been developed focusing on the analysis of radiological and pathological images. AI applications encompass large amounts of complex data supporting clinical decision-making and reducing errors by objectively quantifying all aspects of the data collected. In clinical oncology, almost all patients receive a treatment recommendation in a multidisciplinary cancer conference at the beginning and during their treatment periods. These highly complex decisions are based on a large amount of information (of the patients and of the various treatment options), which need to be analyzed and correctly classified in a short time. In this review, the authors describe the technical and medical requirements of AI to address these scientific challenges in a multidisciplinary manner. Major challenges in the use of AI in oncology and decision-making tools are data security, data representation, and explainability of AI-based outcome predictions, in particular for decision-making processes in multidisciplinary cancer conferences. Finally, limitations and potential solutions are described and compared for current and future research attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Duwe
- Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Dominique Mercier
- Research Unit Smart Data and Knowledge ServicesGerman Research Center for Artificial IntelligenceKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Crispin Wiesmann
- Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Verena Kauth
- Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Kerstin Moench
- Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Markus Junker
- Research Unit Smart Data and Knowledge ServicesGerman Research Center for Artificial IntelligenceKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Christopher C. M. Neumann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor ImmunologyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Andreas Dengel
- Research Unit Smart Data and Knowledge ServicesGerman Research Center for Artificial IntelligenceKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Thomas Höfner
- Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologyUniversity Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- Department of Urology, Ordensklinikum Linz ElisabethinenLinzAustria
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Bindra S, Jain R. Artificial intelligence in medical science: a review. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:1419-1429. [PMID: 37952245 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technique to make intelligent machines, mainly by using smart computer programs. It is based on a statistical analysis of data or machine learning. Using machine learning, software algorithms are designed according to the desired application. These techniques are found to have the potential for advancement in the medical field by generating new and significant perceptions from the data generated using various types of healthcare tests. Artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine is of two types: virtual and physical. The virtual part decides the treatment using electronic health record systems using various sensors whereas the physical part assists robots to perform surgeries, implants, replacement of various organs, elderly care, etc. Using AI, a machine can examine various kinds of health care test reports in one go which could save the time, money, and increase the chances of the patient to be treated without any hassles. At present, artificial intelligence (AI) is used while deciding the treatment, and medications using various tools which could analyze X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and any other data. During the COVID pandemic, there was a huge/massive demand for AI-supported technologies and many of those were created during that time. This study is focused on various applications of AI in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simrata Bindra
- Department of Physics, Motilal Nehru College, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Richa Jain
- Department of Physics, Motilal Nehru College, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Kayikcioglu E, Onder AH, Bacak B, Serel TA. Machine learning for predicting colon cancer recurrence. Surg Oncol 2024; 54:102079. [PMID: 38688191 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2024.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global public health concern, ranking among the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Despite advancements in treatment modalities, the specter of CRC recurrence remains a significant challenge, demanding innovative solutions for early detection and intervention. The integration of machine learning into oncology offers a promising avenue to address this issue, providing data-driven insights and personalized care. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed data from 396 patients who underwent surgical procedures for colon cancer (CC) between 2010 and 2021. Machine learning algorithms were employed to predict CC recurrence, with a focus on demographic, clinicopathological, and laboratory characteristics. A range of evaluation metrics, including AUC (Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic), accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 scores, assessed the performance of machine learning algorithms. RESULTS Significant risk factors for CC recurrence were identified, including sex, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, tumor location, depth, lymphatic and venous invasion, and lymph node involvement. The CatBoost Classifier demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving an AUC of 0.92 and an accuracy of 88 % on the test dataset. Feature importance analysis highlighted the significance of CEA levels, albumin levels, N stage, weight, platelet count, height, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and gender in determining recurrence risk. DISCUSSION The integration of machine learning into healthcare, exemplified by this study's findings, offers a pathway to personalized patient risk stratification and enhanced clinical decision-making. Early identification of individuals at risk of CC recurrence holds the potential for more effective therapeutic interventions and improved patient outcomes. CONCLUSION Machine learning has the potential to revolutionize our approach to CC recurrence prediction, emphasizing the synergy between medical expertise and cutting-edge technology in the fight against cancer. This study represents a vital step toward precision medicine in CC management, showcasing the transformative power of data-driven insights in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Kayikcioglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Arif Hakan Onder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Health Sciences University Antalya Research and Training Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Burcu Bacak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Masucci M, Karlsson C, Blomqvist L, Ernberg I. Bridging the Divide: A Review on the Implementation of Personalized Cancer Medicine. J Pers Med 2024; 14:561. [PMID: 38929782 PMCID: PMC11204735 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The shift towards personalized cancer medicine (PCM) represents a significant transformation in cancer care, emphasizing tailored treatments based on the genetic understanding of cancer at the cellular level. This review draws on recent literature to explore key factors influencing PCM implementation, highlighting the role of innovative leadership, interdisciplinary collaboration, and coordinated funding and regulatory strategies. Success in PCM relies on overcoming challenges such as integrating diverse medical disciplines, securing sustainable investment for shared infrastructures, and navigating complex regulatory landscapes. Effective leadership is crucial for fostering a culture of innovation and teamwork, essential for translating complex biological insights into personalized treatment strategies. The transition to PCM necessitates not only organizational adaptation but also the development of new professional roles and training programs, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach and the importance of team science in overcoming the limitations of traditional medical paradigms. The conclusion underscores that PCM's success hinges on creating collaborative environments that support innovation, adaptability, and shared vision among all stakeholders involved in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Masucci
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18B, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Claes Karlsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology (Onc-Pat), Karolinska Institutet, Anna Steckséns gata 30A, D2:04, 171 65 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Lennart Blomqvist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK), Karolinska Institutet, Anna Steckséns gata 53, 171 65 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
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Trojak M, Stanuch M, Kurzyna M, Darocha S, Skalski A. Mixed Reality Biopsy Navigation System Utilizing Markerless Needle Tracking and Imaging Data Superimposition. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1894. [PMID: 38791972 PMCID: PMC11119171 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Exact biopsy planning and careful execution of needle injection is crucial to ensure successful procedure completion as initially intended while minimizing the risk of complications. This study introduces a solution aimed at helping the operator navigate to precisely position the needle in a previously planned trajectory utilizing a mixed reality headset. A markerless needle tracking method was developed by integrating deep learning and deterministic computer vision techniques. The system is based on superimposing imaging data onto the patient's body in order to directly perceive the anatomy and determine a path from the selected injection site to the target location. Four types of tests were conducted to assess the system's performance: measuring the accuracy of needle pose estimation, determining the distance between injection sites and designated targets, evaluating the efficiency of material collection, and comparing procedure time and number of punctures required with and without the system. These tests, involving both phantoms and physician participation in the latter two, demonstrated the accuracy and usability of the proposed solution. The results showcased a significant improvement, with a reduction in number of punctures needed to reach the target location. The test was successfully completed on the first attempt in 70% of cases, as opposed to only 20% without the system. Additionally, there was a 53% reduction in procedure time, validating the effectiveness of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Trojak
- Department of Measurement and Electronics, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
- MedApp S.A., 30-150 Krakow, Poland;
| | | | - Marcin Kurzyna
- Department of Pulmonary Circulation, Thromboembolic Diseases and Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, European Health Centre, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (M.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Szymon Darocha
- Department of Pulmonary Circulation, Thromboembolic Diseases and Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, European Health Centre, 05-400 Otwock, Poland; (M.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Andrzej Skalski
- Department of Measurement and Electronics, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
- MedApp S.A., 30-150 Krakow, Poland;
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13
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Li W, Sun Y, Zhang G, Yang Q, Wang B, Ma X, Zhang H. Automated segmentation and volume prediction in pediatric Wilms' tumor CT using nnu-net. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:321. [PMID: 38724944 PMCID: PMC11080230 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiologic volumetric evaluation of Wilms' tumor (WT) is an important indicator to guide treatment decisions. However, due to the heterogeneity of the tumors, radiologists have main-guard differences in diagnosis that can lead to misdiagnosis and poor treatment. The aim of this study was to explore whether CT-based outlining of WT foci can be automated using deep learning. METHODS We included CT intravenous phase images of 105 patients with WT and double-blind outlining of lesions by two radiologists. Then, we trained an automatic segmentation model using nnUnet. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95) were used to assess the performance. Next, we optimized the automatic segmentation results based on the ratio of the three-dimensional diameter of the lesion to improve the performance of volumetric assessment. RESULTS The DSC and HD95 was 0.83 ± 0.22 and 10.50 ± 8.98 mm. The absolute difference and percentage difference in tumor size was 72.27 ± 134.84 cm3 and 21.08% ± 30.46%. After optimization according to our method, it decreased to 40.22 ± 96.06 cm3 and 10.16% ± 9.70%. CONCLUSION We introduce a novel method that enhances the accuracy of predicting WT volume by integrating AI automated outlining and 3D tumor diameters. This approach surpasses the accuracy of using AI outcomes alone and has the potential to enhance the clinical evaluation of pediatric patients with WT. By intertwining AI outcomes with clinical data, this method becomes more interpretive and offers promising applications beyond Wilms tumor, extending to other pediatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Li
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No. 3333, Binshneg Rd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiran Sun
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guoxun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No. 3333, Binshneg Rd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No. 3333, Binshneg Rd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No. 3333, Binshneg Rd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No. 3333, Binshneg Rd, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongxi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No. 3333, Binshneg Rd, Hangzhou, China.
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14
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Daniyal M, Qureshi M, Marzo RR, Aljuaid M, Shahid D. Exploring clinical specialists' perspectives on the future role of AI: evaluating replacement perceptions, benefits, and drawbacks. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:587. [PMID: 38725039 PMCID: PMC11080164 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OF STUDY Over the past few decades, the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has surged in popularity, and its application in the medical field is witnessing a global increase. Nevertheless, the implementation of AI-based healthcare solutions has been slow in developing nations like Pakistan. This unique study aims to assess the opinion of clinical specialists on the future replacement of AI, its associated benefits, and its drawbacks in form southern region of Pakistan. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional selective study was conducted from 140 clinical specialists (Surgery = 24, Pathology = 31, Radiology = 35, Gynecology = 35, Pediatric = 17) from the neglected southern Punjab region of Pakistan. The study was analyzed using χ2 - the test of association and the nexus between different factors was examined by multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Out of 140 respondents, 34 (24.3%) believed hospitals were ready for AI, while 81 (57.9%) disagreed. Additionally, 42(30.0%) were concerned about privacy violations, and 70(50%) feared AI could lead to unemployment. Specialists with less than 6 years of experience are more likely to embrace AI (p = 0.0327, OR = 3.184, 95% C.I; 0.262, 3.556) and those who firmly believe that AI knowledge will not replace their future tasks exhibit a lower likelihood of accepting AI (p = 0.015, OR = 0.235, 95% C.I: (0.073, 0.758). Clinical specialists who perceive AI as a technology that encompasses both drawbacks and benefits demonstrated a higher likelihood of accepting its adoption (p = 0.084, OR = 2.969, 95% C.I; 0.865, 5.187). CONCLUSION Clinical specialists have embraced AI as the future of the medical field while acknowledging concerns about privacy and unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Daniyal
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Computing, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Moiz Qureshi
- Government Degree College, TandoJam, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Roy Rillera Marzo
- Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Curtin University, Malaysia, , Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Global Public Health, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Aljuaid
- Department of Health Administration, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa Shahid
- Hult International Business School, 02141, Cambridge, MA, USA
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15
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Allen TA. The Role of Circulating Tumor Cells as a Liquid Biopsy for Cancer: Advances, Biology, Technical Challenges, and Clinical Relevance. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1377. [PMID: 38611055 PMCID: PMC11010957 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with metastasis significantly contributing to its lethality. The metastatic spread of tumor cells, primarily through the bloodstream, underscores the importance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in oncological research. As a critical component of liquid biopsies, CTCs offer a non-invasive and dynamic window into tumor biology, providing invaluable insights into cancer dissemination, disease progression, and response to treatment. This review article delves into the recent advancements in CTC research, highlighting their emerging role as a biomarker in various cancer types. We explore the latest technologies and methods for CTC isolation and detection, alongside novel approaches to characterizing their biology through genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenetic profiling. Additionally, we examine the clinical implementation of these findings, assessing how CTCs are transforming the landscape of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and management. By offering a comprehensive overview of current developments and potential future directions, this review underscores the significance of CTCs in enhancing our understanding of cancer and in shaping personalized therapeutic strategies, particularly for patients with metastatic disease.
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16
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Parmar UPS, Surico PL, Singh RB, Romano F, Salati C, Spadea L, Musa M, Gagliano C, Mori T, Zeppieri M. Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Early Diagnosis of Retinal Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:527. [PMID: 38674173 PMCID: PMC11052176 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in the field of ophthalmology, revolutionizing disease diagnosis and management. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of AI applications in various retinal diseases, highlighting its potential to enhance screening efficiency, facilitate early diagnosis, and improve patient outcomes. Herein, we elucidate the fundamental concepts of AI, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), and their application in ophthalmology, underscoring the significance of AI-driven solutions in addressing the complexity and variability of retinal diseases. Furthermore, we delve into the specific applications of AI in retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Macular Neovascularization, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), hypertensive retinopathy (HR), Retinitis Pigmentosa, Stargardt disease, best vitelliform macular dystrophy, and sickle cell retinopathy. We focus on the current landscape of AI technologies, including various AI models, their performance metrics, and clinical implications. Furthermore, we aim to address challenges and pitfalls associated with the integration of AI in clinical practice, including the "black box phenomenon", biases in data representation, and limitations in comprehensive patient assessment. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the collaborative role of AI alongside healthcare professionals, advocating for a synergistic approach to healthcare delivery. It highlights the importance of leveraging AI to augment, rather than replace, human expertise, thereby maximizing its potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery, mitigate healthcare disparities, and improve patient outcomes in the evolving landscape of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pier Luigi Surico
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Francesco Romano
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, p.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Caterina Gagliano
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Piazza dell’Università, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Eye Clinic, Catania University, San Marco Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92122, USA
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, p.le S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Aalam SW, Ahanger AB, Masoodi TA, Bhat AA, Akil ASAS, Khan MA, Assad A, Macha MA, Bhat MR. Deep learning-based identification of esophageal cancer subtypes through analysis of high-resolution histopathology images. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1346242. [PMID: 38567100 PMCID: PMC10985197 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1346242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a significant health challenge globally, with increasing incidence and high mortality rates. Despite advances in treatment, there remains a need for improved diagnostic methods and understanding of disease progression. This study addresses the significant challenges in the automatic classification of EC, particularly in distinguishing its primary subtypes: adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, using histopathology images. Traditional histopathological diagnosis, while being the gold standard, is subject to subjectivity and human error and imposes a substantial burden on pathologists. This study proposes a binary class classification system for detecting EC subtypes in response to these challenges. The system leverages deep learning techniques and tissue-level labels for enhanced accuracy. We utilized 59 high-resolution histopathological images from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Esophageal Carcinoma dataset (TCGA-ESCA). These images were preprocessed, segmented into patches, and analyzed using a pre-trained ResNet101 model for feature extraction. For classification, we employed five machine learning classifiers: Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), AdaBoost (AD), Random Forest (RF), and a Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN). The classifiers were evaluated based on their prediction accuracy on the test dataset, yielding results of 0.88 (SVC and LR), 0.64 (DT and AD), 0.82 (RF), and 0.94 (FFNN). Notably, the FFNN classifier achieved the highest Area Under the Curve (AUC) score of 0.92, indicating its superior performance, followed closely by SVC and LR, with a score of 0.87. This suggested approach holds promising potential as a decision-support tool for pathologists, particularly in regions with limited resources and expertise. The timely and precise detection of EC subtypes through this system can substantially enhance the likelihood of successful treatment, ultimately leading to reduced mortality rates in patients with this aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Wajid Aalam
- Department of Computer Science, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - Abdul Basit Ahanger
- Department of Computer Science, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - Tariq A. Masoodi
- Human Immunology Department, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A. Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira S. Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Assif Assad
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - Muzafar Rasool Bhat
- Department of Computer Science, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
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Chugh V, Basu A, Kaushik A, Manshu, Bhansali S, Basu AK. Employing nano-enabled artificial intelligence (AI)-based smart technologies for prediction, screening, and detection of cancer. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5458-5486. [PMID: 38391246 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05648a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Cancer has been classified as a diverse illness with a wide range of subgroups. Its early identification and prognosis, which have become a requirement of cancer research, are essential for clinical treatment. Patients have already benefited greatly from the use of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) algorithms in the field of healthcare. AI simulates and combines data, pre-programmed rules, and knowledge to produce predictions. Data are used to improve efficiency across several pursuits and tasks through the art of ML. DL is a larger family of ML methods based on representational learning and simulated neural networks. Support vector machines, convulsion neural networks, and artificial neural networks, among others, have been widely used in cancer research to construct prediction models that enable precise and effective decision-making. Although using these innovative methods can enhance our comprehension of how cancer progresses, further validation is required before these techniques can be used in routine clinical practice. We cover contemporary methods used in the modelling of cancer development in this article. The presented prediction models are built using a variety of guided ML approaches, as well as numerous input attributes and data collections. Early identification and cost-effective detection of cancer's progression are equally necessary for successful treatment of the disease. Smart material-based detection techniques can give end consumers a portable, affordable instrument to easily detect and monitor their health issues without the need for specialized knowledge. Owing to their cost-effectiveness, excellent sensitivity, multimodal detection capacity, and miniaturization aptitude, two-dimensional (2D) materials have a lot of prospects for clinical examination of various compounds as well as cancer biomarkers. The effectiveness of traditional devices is moving faster towards more useful techniques thanks to developments in 2D material-based biosensors/sensors. The most current developments in the design of 2D material-based biosensors/sensors-the next wave of cancer screening instruments-are also outlined in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhas Chugh
- Quantum Materials and Devices Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Adreeja Basu
- Biological Science, St. John's University, New York, NY 10301, United States
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida 33805, USA
| | - Manshu
- Quantum Materials and Devices Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Aviru Kumar Basu
- Quantum Materials and Devices Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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Bou-Nassif R, Reiner AS, Pease M, Bale T, Cohen MA, Rosenblum M, Tabar V. Development and prospective validation of an artificial intelligence-based smartphone app for rapid intraoperative pituitary adenoma identification. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:45. [PMID: 38480833 PMCID: PMC10937994 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative pathology consultation plays a crucial role in tumor surgery. The ability to accurately and rapidly distinguish tumor from normal tissue can greatly impact intraoperative surgical oncology management. However, this is dependent on the availability of a specialized pathologist for a reliable diagnosis. We developed and prospectively validated an artificial intelligence-based smartphone app capable of differentiating between pituitary adenoma and normal pituitary gland using stimulated Raman histology, almost instantly. METHODS The study consisted of three parts. After data collection (part 1) and development of a deep learning-based smartphone app (part 2), we conducted a prospective study that included 40 consecutive patients with 194 samples to evaluate the app in real-time in a surgical setting (part 3). The smartphone app's sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were evaluated by comparing the diagnosis rendered by the app to the ground-truth diagnosis set by a neuropathologist. RESULTS The app exhibits a sensitivity of 96.1% (95% CI: 89.9-99.0%), specificity of 92.7% (95% CI: 74-99.3%), positive predictive value of 98% (95% CI: 92.2-99.8%), and negative predictive value of 86.4% (95% CI: 66.2-96.8%). An external validation of the smartphone app on 40 different adenoma tumors and a total of 191 scanned SRH specimens from a public database shows a sensitivity of 93.7% (95% CI: 89.3-96.7%). CONCLUSIONS The app can be readily expanded and repurposed to work on different types of tumors and optical images. Rapid recognition of normal versus tumor tissue during surgery may contribute to improved intraoperative surgical management and oncologic outcomes. In addition to the accelerated pathological assessments during surgery, this platform can be of great benefit in community hospitals and developing countries, where immediate access to a specialized pathologist during surgery is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Bou-Nassif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Multidisciplinary Pituitary and Skull Base Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne S Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Pease
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Multidisciplinary Pituitary and Skull Base Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tejus Bale
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc A Cohen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Multidisciplinary Pituitary and Skull Base Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Rosenblum
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viviane Tabar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Multidisciplinary Pituitary and Skull Base Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Garrone O, La Porta CAM. Artificial Intelligence for Precision Oncology of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Learning from Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:692. [PMID: 38398083 PMCID: PMC10887240 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Thanks to new technologies using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, it is possible to use large amounts of data to try to extract information that can be used for personalized medicine. The great challenge of the future is, on the one hand, to acquire masses of biological data that nowadays are still limited and, on the other hand, to develop innovative strategies to extract information that can then be used for the development of predictive models. From this perspective, we discuss these aspects in the context of triple-negative breast cancer, a tumor where a specific treatment is still lacking and new therapies, such as immunotherapy, are under investigation. Since immunotherapy is already in use for other tumors such as melanoma, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses identified in the use of immunotherapy with melanoma to try to find more successful strategies. It is precisely in this context that AI and predictive tools can be extremely valuable. Therefore, the discoveries and advancements in immunotherapy for melanoma provide a foundation for developing effective immunotherapies for triple-negative breast cancer. Shared principles, such as immune system activation, checkpoint inhibitors, and personalized treatment, can be applied to TNBC to improve patient outcomes and offer new hope for those with aggressive, hard-to-treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Garrone
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Caterina A. M. La Porta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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21
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Kim M, Park T, Oh BY, Kim MJ, Cho BJ, Son IT. Performance reporting design in artificial intelligence studies using image-based TNM staging and prognostic parameters in rectal cancer: a systematic review. Ann Coloproctol 2024; 40:13-26. [PMID: 38414120 PMCID: PMC10915525 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2023.00892.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and magnetic resonance imaging in rectal cancer has the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy by identifying subtle patterns and aiding tumor delineation and lymph node assessment. According to our systematic review focusing on convolutional neural networks, AI-driven tumor staging and the prediction of treatment response facilitate tailored treat-ment strategies for patients with rectal cancer. METHODS This paper summarizes the current landscape of AI in the imaging field of rectal cancer, emphasizing the performance reporting design based on the quality of the dataset, model performance, and external validation. RESULTS AI-driven tumor segmentation has demonstrated promising results using various convolutional neural network models. AI-based predictions of staging and treatment response have exhibited potential as auxiliary tools for personalized treatment strategies. Some studies have indicated superior performance than conventional models in predicting microsatellite instability and KRAS status, offer-ing noninvasive and cost-effective alternatives for identifying genetic mutations. CONCLUSION Image-based AI studies for rectal can-cer have shown acceptable diagnostic performance but face several challenges, including limited dataset sizes with standardized data, the need for multicenter studies, and the absence of oncologic relevance and external validation for clinical implantation. Overcoming these pitfalls and hurdles is essential for the feasible integration of AI models in clinical settings for rectal cancer, warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Taeyong Park
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Center, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Korea
| | - Bo Young Oh
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Bum-Joo Cho
- Medical Artificial Intelligence Center, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Korea
| | - Il Tae Son
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
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Cobanaj M, Corti C, Dee EC, McCullum L, Boldrini L, Schlam I, Tolaney SM, Celi LA, Curigliano G, Criscitiello C. Advancing equitable and personalized cancer care: Novel applications and priorities of artificial intelligence for fairness and inclusivity in the patient care workflow. Eur J Cancer 2024; 198:113504. [PMID: 38141549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Patient care workflows are highly multimodal and intertwined: the intersection of data outputs provided from different disciplines and in different formats remains one of the main challenges of modern oncology. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the current clinical practice of oncology owing to advancements in digitalization, database expansion, computational technologies, and algorithmic innovations that facilitate discernment of complex relationships in multimodal data. Within oncology, radiation therapy (RT) represents an increasingly complex working procedure, involving many labor-intensive and operator-dependent tasks. In this context, AI has gained momentum as a powerful tool to standardize treatment performance and reduce inter-observer variability in a time-efficient manner. This review explores the hurdles associated with the development, implementation, and maintenance of AI platforms and highlights current measures in place to address them. In examining AI's role in oncology workflows, we underscore that a thorough and critical consideration of these challenges is the only way to ensure equitable and unbiased care delivery, ultimately serving patients' survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Cobanaj
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chiara Corti
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Edward C Dee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucas McCullum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Boldrini
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilana Schlam
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara M Tolaney
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leo A Celi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Huang J, Bai X, Qiu Y, He X. Application of AI on cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1324222. [PMID: 38347839 PMCID: PMC10859478 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1324222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma, classified as intrahepatic, perihilar, and extrahepatic, is considered a deadly malignancy of the hepatobiliary system. Most cases of cholangiocarcinoma are asymptomatic. Therefore, early detection of cholangiocarcinoma is significant but still challenging. The routine screening of a tumor lacks specificity and accuracy. With the application of AI, high-risk patients can be easily found by analyzing their clinical characteristics, serum biomarkers, and medical images. Moreover, AI can be used to predict the prognosis including recurrence risk and metastasis. Although they have some limitations, AI algorithms will still significantly improve many aspects of cholangiocarcinoma in the medical field with the development of computing power and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaodong He
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Li C, Ye G, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Yu H, Yang M. Artificial Intelligence in battling infectious diseases: A transformative role. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29355. [PMID: 38179882 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that infectious diseases have wrought immense havoc on human society, being regarded as adversaries from which humanity cannot elude. In recent years, the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has ushered in a revolutionary era in the realm of infectious disease prevention and control. This evolution encompasses early warning of outbreaks, contact tracing, infection diagnosis, drug discovery, and the facilitation of drug design, alongside other facets of epidemic management. This article presents an overview of the utilization of AI systems in the field of infectious diseases, with a specific focus on their role during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article also highlights the contemporary challenges that AI confronts within this domain and posits strategies for their mitigation. There exists an imperative to further harness the potential applications of AI across multiple domains to augment its capacity in effectively addressing future disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Li
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoguo Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinghan Jiang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Hangzhou Yalla Information Technology Service Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Yang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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25
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Marsilio L, Moglia A, Rossi M, Manzotti A, Mainardi L, Cerveri P. Combined Edge Loss UNet for Optimized Segmentation in Total Knee Arthroplasty Preoperative Planning. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1433. [PMID: 38136024 PMCID: PMC10740423 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone segmentation and 3D reconstruction are crucial for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgical planning with Personalized Surgical Instruments (PSIs). Traditional semi-automatic approaches are time-consuming and operator-dependent, although they provide reliable outcomes. Moreover, the recent expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) tools towards various medical domains is transforming modern healthcare. Accordingly, this study introduces an automated AI-based pipeline to replace the current operator-based tibia and femur 3D reconstruction procedure enhancing TKA preoperative planning. Leveraging an 822 CT image dataset, a novel patch-based method and an improved segmentation label generation algorithm were coupled to a Combined Edge Loss UNet (CEL-UNet), a novel CNN architecture featuring an additional decoding branch to boost the bone boundary segmentation. Root Mean Squared Errors and Hausdorff distances compared the predicted surfaces to the reference bones showing median and interquartile values of 0.26 (0.19-0.36) mm and 0.24 (0.18-0.32) mm, and of 1.06 (0.73-2.15) mm and 1.43 (0.82-2.86) mm for the tibia and femur, respectively, outperforming previous results of our group, state-of-the-art, and UNet models. A feasibility analysis for a PSI-based surgical plan revealed sub-millimetric distance errors and sub-angular alignment uncertainties in the PSI contact areas and the two cutting planes. Finally, operational environment testing underscored the pipeline's efficiency. More than half of the processed cases complied with the PSI prototyping requirements, reducing the overall time from 35 min to 13.1 s, while the remaining ones underwent a manual refinement step to achieve such PSI requirements, performing the procedure four to eleven times faster than the manufacturer standards. To conclude, this research advocates the need for real-world applicability and optimization of AI solutions in orthopedic surgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marsilio
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Andrea Moglia
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Matteo Rossi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.R.); (L.M.)
| | | | - Luca Mainardi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Pietro Cerveri
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.M.); (M.R.); (L.M.)
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Are C, Murthy SS, Sullivan R, Schissel M, Chowdhury S, Alatise O, Anaya D, Are M, Balch C, Bartlett D, Brennan M, Cairncross L, Clark M, Deo SVS, Dudeja V, D'Ugo D, Fadhil I, Giuliano A, Gopal S, Gutnik L, Ilbawi A, Jani P, Kingham TP, Lorenzon L, Leiphrakpam P, Leon A, Martinez-Said H, McMasters K, Meltzer DO, Mutebi M, Zafar SN, Naik V, Newman L, Oliveira AF, Park DJ, Pramesh CS, Rao S, Subramanyeshwar Rao T, Bargallo-Rocha E, Romanoff A, Rositch AF, Rubio IT, Salvador de Castro Ribeiro H, Sbaity E, Senthil M, Smith L, Toi M, Turaga K, Yanala U, Yip CH, Zaghloul A, Anderson BO. Global Cancer Surgery: pragmatic solutions to improve cancer surgery outcomes worldwide. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:e472-e518. [PMID: 37924819 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The first Lancet Oncology Commission on Global Cancer Surgery was published in 2015 and serves as a landmark paper in the field of cancer surgery. The Commission highlighted the burden of cancer and the importance of cancer surgery, while documenting the many inadequacies in the ability to deliver safe, timely, and affordable cancer surgical care. This Commission builds on the first Commission by focusing on solutions and actions to improve access to cancer surgery globally, developed by drawing upon the expertise from cancer surgery leaders across the world. We present solution frameworks in nine domains that can improve access to cancer surgery. These nine domains were refined to identify solutions specific to the six WHO regions. On the basis of these solutions, we developed eight actions to propel essential improvements in the global capacity for cancer surgery. Our initiatives are broad in scope, pragmatic, affordable, and contextually applicable, and aimed at cancer surgeons as well as leaders, administrators, elected officials, and health policy advocates. We envision that the solutions and actions contained within the Commission will address inequities and promote safe, timely, and affordable cancer surgery for every patient, regardless of their socioeconomic status or geographic location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanth Are
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Shilpa S Murthy
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Richard Sullivan
- Institute of Cancer Policy, School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Makayla Schissel
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sanjib Chowdhury
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Olesegun Alatise
- Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Anaya
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Madhuri Are
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Charles Balch
- Department of Surgical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, Global Cancer Surgery: pragmatic solutions to improve USA
| | - David Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Murray Brennan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lydia Cairncross
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthew Clark
- University of Auckland School of Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S V S Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Domenico D'Ugo
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Armando Giuliano
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Satish Gopal
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | - Lily Gutnik
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andre Ilbawi
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pankaj Jani
- Department of Surgery, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Laura Lorenzon
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Premila Leiphrakpam
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Augusto Leon
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Kelly McMasters
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Hiram C Polk, Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David O Meltzer
- Section of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miriam Mutebi
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Syed Nabeel Zafar
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vibhavari Naik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lisa Newman
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C S Pramesh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Saieesh Rao
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Subramanyeshwar Rao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Anya Romanoff
- Department of Global Health and Health System Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne F Rositch
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Isabel T Rubio
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eman Sbaity
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maheswari Senthil
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lynette Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Masakazi Toi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiran Turaga
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ujwal Yanala
- Surgical Oncology, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cheng-Har Yip
- Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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27
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Stevens AF, Stetson P. Theory of trust and acceptance of artificial intelligence technology (TrAAIT): An instrument to assess clinician trust and acceptance of artificial intelligence. J Biomed Inform 2023; 148:104550. [PMID: 37981107 PMCID: PMC10815802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) technologies like generative and ambient AI solutions are proliferating in real-world healthcare settings. Clinician trust affects adoption and impact of these systems. Organizations need a validated method to assess factors underlying trust and acceptance of AI for clinical workflows in order to improve adoption and the impact of AI. OBJECTIVE Our study set out to develop and assess a novel clinician-centered model to measure and explain trust and adoption of AI technology. We hypothesized that clinicians' system-specific Trust in AI is the primary predictor of both Acceptance (i.e., willingness to adopt), and post-adoption Trusting Stance (i.e., general stance towards any AI system). We validated the new model at an urban comprehensive cancer center. We produced an easily implemented survey tool for measuring clinician trust and adoption of AI. METHODS This survey-based, cross-sectional, psychometric study included a model development phase and validation phase. Measurement was done with five-point ascending unidirectional Likert scales. The development sample included N = 93 clinicians (physicians, advanced practice providers, nurses) that used an AI-based communication application. The validation sample included N = 73 clinicians that used a commercially available AI-powered speech-to-text application for note-writing in an electronic health record (EHR). Analytical procedures included exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The Johnson-Neyman (JN) methodology was used to determine moderator effects. RESULTS In the fully moderated causal model, clinician trust explained a large amount of variance in their acceptance of a specific AI application (56%) and their post-adoption general trusting stance towards AI in general (36%). Moderators included organizational assurances, length of time using the application, and clinician age. The final validated instrument has 20 items and takes 5 min to complete on average. CONCLUSIONS We found that clinician acceptance of AI is determined by their degree of trust formed via information credibility, perceived application value, and reliability. The novel model, TrAAIT, explains factors underlying AI trustworthiness and acceptance for clinicians. With its easy-to-use instrument and Summative Score Dashboard, TrAAIT can help organizations implementing AI to identify and intercept barriers to clinician adoption in real-world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F Stevens
- Digital Products and Informatics Division, DigITs, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
| | - Pete Stetson
- Digital Products and Informatics Division, DigITs, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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28
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Badreau M, Fadel M, Roquelaure Y, Bertin M, Rapicault C, Gilbert F, Porro B, Descatha A. Comparison of Machine Learning Methods in the Study of Cancer Survivors' Return to Work: An Example of Breast Cancer Survivors with Work-Related Factors in the CONSTANCES Cohort. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:750-756. [PMID: 36935460 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-023-10112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Machine learning (ML) methods showed a higher accuracy in identifying individuals without cancer who were unable to return to work (RTW) compared to the classical methods (e.g. logistic regression models). We therefore aim to discuss the value of these methods in relation to RTW for cancer survivors. METHODS Breast cancer (BC) survivors who were working at diagnosis within the CONSTANCES cohort were included in the study. RTW was assessed five years after the BC diagnosis (early retirement was considered as non-RTW). Age and occupation at diagnosis, and physical occupational job exposures assessed using the Job Exposure Matrix, JEM-CONSTANCES, were evaluated as predictors of RTW five years after BC diagnosis. The following four ML methods were used: (i) k-nearest neighbors; (ii) random forest; (iii) neural network; and (iv) elastic net. RESULTS The training sample included 683 BC survivors (RTW: 85.7%), and the test sample 171 (RTW: 85.4%). The elastic net method had the best results despite low sensitivity (accuracy = 76.6%; sensitivity = 31.7%; specificity = 90.8%), and the random forest model was the most accurate (= 79.5%) but also the least sensitive (= 14.3%). CONCLUSION This study takes a first step towards opening up new possibilities for identifying the occupational determinants of cancer survivors' RTW. Further work, including a larger sample size, and more predictor variables, is now needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Badreau
- Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, IRSET-ESTER, SFR ICAT, Angers, F-49000, France
| | - Marc Fadel
- Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, IRSET-ESTER, SFR ICAT, Angers, F-49000, France
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, IRSET ESTER, SFR ICAT, Angers, F-49000, France
| | - Yves Roquelaure
- Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, IRSET-ESTER, SFR ICAT, Angers, F-49000, France
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, IRSET ESTER, SFR ICAT, Angers, F-49000, France
| | - Mélanie Bertin
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, IRSET ESTER, SFR ICAT, Angers, F-49000, France
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, CNRS, Inserm, Arènes - UMR 6051, RSMS (Recherche sur les Services et Management en Santé) - U 1309, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Clémence Rapicault
- Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, IRSET-ESTER, SFR ICAT, Angers, F-49000, France
| | - Fabien Gilbert
- Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, IRSET-ESTER, SFR ICAT, Angers, F-49000, France
| | - Bertrand Porro
- Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, IRSET-ESTER, SFR ICAT, Angers, F-49000, France.
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, Institut de Cancerologie de l'Ouest (ICO), Angers, 49055, France.
| | - Alexis Descatha
- Univ Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, IRSET-ESTER, SFR ICAT, Angers, F-49000, France
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, IRSET ESTER, SFR ICAT, Angers, F-49000, France
- Centre antipoison et de toxicovigilance Grand Ouest, CHU Angers, CHU Angers, Angers, France
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra, Northwell, USA
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Duci M, Magoni A, Santoro L, Dei Tos AP, Gamba P, Uccheddu F, Fascetti-Leon F. Enhancing diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease using deep learning from histological sections of post pull-through specimens: preliminary results. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 40:12. [PMID: 38019366 PMCID: PMC10687181 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate histological diagnosis in Hirschsprung disease (HD) is challenging, due to its complexity and potential for errors. In this study, we present an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method designed to identify ganglionic cells and hypertrophic nerves in HD histology. METHODS Formalin-fixed samples were used and an expert pathologist and a surgeon annotated these slides on a web-based platform, identifying ganglionic cells and nerves. Images were partitioned into square sections, augmented through data manipulation techniques and used to develop two distinct U-net models: one for detecting ganglionic cells and normal nerves; the other to recognise hypertrophic nerves. RESULTS The study included 108 annotated samples, resulting in 19,600 images after data augmentation and manually segmentation. Subsequently, 17,655 slides without target elements were excluded. The algorithm was trained using 1945 slides (930 for model 1 and 1015 for model 2) with 1556 slides used for training the supervised network and 389 for validation. The accuracy of model 1 was found to be 92.32%, while model 2 achieved an accuracy of 91.5%. CONCLUSION The AI-based U-net technique demonstrates robustness in detecting ganglion cells and nerves in HD. The deep learning approach has the potential to standardise and streamline HD diagnosis, benefiting patients and aiding in training of pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Duci
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Division of Women's and Children's Health, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessia Magoni
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Santoro
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Gamba
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Division of Women's and Children's Health, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Fascetti-Leon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Division of Women's and Children's Health, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy.
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30
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Guerra GA, Hofmann H, Sobhani S, Hofmann G, Gomez D, Soroudi D, Hopkins BS, Dallas J, Pangal DJ, Cheok S, Nguyen VN, Mack WJ, Zada G. GPT-4 Artificial Intelligence Model Outperforms ChatGPT, Medical Students, and Neurosurgery Residents on Neurosurgery Written Board-Like Questions. World Neurosurg 2023; 179:e160-e165. [PMID: 37597659 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have transformed health care with applications in various specialized fields. Neurosurgery can benefit from artificial intelligence in surgical planning, predicting patient outcomes, and analyzing neuroimaging data. GPT-4, an updated language model with additional training parameters, has exhibited exceptional performance on standardized exams. This study examines GPT-4's competence on neurosurgical board-style questions, comparing its performance with medical students and residents, to explore its potential in medical education and clinical decision-making. METHODS GPT-4's performance was examined on 643 Congress of Neurological Surgeons Self-Assessment Neurosurgery Exam (SANS) board-style questions from various neurosurgery subspecialties. Of these, 477 were text-based and 166 contained images. GPT-4 refused to answer 52 questions that contained no text. The remaining 591 questions were inputted into GPT-4, and its performance was evaluated based on first-time responses. Raw scores were analyzed across subspecialties and question types, and then compared to previous findings on Chat Generative pre-trained transformer performance against SANS users, medical students, and neurosurgery residents. RESULTS GPT-4 attempted 91.9% of Congress of Neurological Surgeons SANS questions and achieved 76.6% accuracy. The model's accuracy increased to 79.0% for text-only questions. GPT-4 outperformed Chat Generative pre-trained transformer (P < 0.001) and scored highest in pain/peripheral nerve (84%) and lowest in spine (73%) categories. It exceeded the performance of medical students (26.3%), neurosurgery residents (61.5%), and the national average of SANS users (69.3%) across all categories. CONCLUSIONS GPT-4 significantly outperformed medical students, neurosurgery residents, and the national average of SANS users. The mode's accuracy suggests potential applications in educational settings and clinical decision-making, enhancing provider efficiency, and improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage A Guerra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Hayden Hofmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sina Sobhani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Grady Hofmann
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - David Gomez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel Soroudi
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Benjamin S Hopkins
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Dallas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dhiraj J Pangal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Cheok
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vincent N Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William J Mack
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gabriel Zada
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Daich Varela M, Sen S, De Guimaraes TAC, Kabiri N, Pontikos N, Balaskas K, Michaelides M. Artificial intelligence in retinal disease: clinical application, challenges, and future directions. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:3283-3297. [PMID: 37160501 PMCID: PMC10169139 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal diseases are a leading cause of blindness in developed countries, accounting for the largest share of visually impaired children, working-age adults (inherited retinal disease), and elderly individuals (age-related macular degeneration). These conditions need specialised clinicians to interpret multimodal retinal imaging, with diagnosis and intervention potentially delayed. With an increasing and ageing population, this is becoming a global health priority. One solution is the development of artificial intelligence (AI) software to facilitate rapid data processing. Herein, we review research offering decision support for the diagnosis, classification, monitoring, and treatment of retinal disease using AI. We have prioritised diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, inherited retinal disease, and retinopathy of prematurity. There is cautious optimism that these algorithms will be integrated into routine clinical practice to facilitate access to vision-saving treatments, improve efficiency of healthcare systems, and assist clinicians in processing the ever-increasing volume of multimodal data, thereby also liberating time for doctor-patient interaction and co-development of personalised management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Daich Varela
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Nikolas Pontikos
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
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Sahin E. Are medical oncologists ready for the artificial intelligence revolution? Evaluation of the opinions, knowledge, and experiences of medical oncologists about artificial intelligence technologies. Med Oncol 2023; 40:327. [PMID: 37812310 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of artificial intelligence technologies (AIT) in medicine is increasing worldwide. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the experiences, opinions, and future expectations of medical oncologists on artificial intelligence (AI). After the reliability and validity analyses were carried out by a pilot study, the main online questionnaire was sent to the members of the "Turkish Society of Medical Oncology" mail group by an invitation e-mail. The anonymized responses of the participants were analyzed. The median age of the 156 participants was 36 (34-43) years and half (51%) were male. Most (45%) were fellows. Forty-six percent were working in university hospitals, 56% were visiting 20-40 patients a day. Medical oncologists' view of AIT was mostly positive (78%). However, some (especially women) had doubts about the reliability of AI (44%) and the establishment of its ethical/legal basis (49%). Sixty-five percent of the participants had no/superficial knowledge about AI. More than half (55%) had never used AI-based applications in their academic or clinical work. However, unlike now, 80% of the participants believed that they would use AIT frequently in their practice in the future and it would be beneficial. The most anticipated (81%) benefit was real-time information processing and real-time access to big data. Sixty-two percent believed that information about AI should be in the education curriculum. The vast majority of respondents (79%) thought that AI would not completely replace medical oncologists in the future. Some differences were found in the perception and experience of oncologists according to age, gender, title, and the number of patients examined per day. About AI, the general opinion of medical oncologists was positive, but their level of knowledge and use was low. However, they thought they would use it frequently in future and needed training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Sahin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kocaeli City Hospital, Tavsantepe mah., 41000, Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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da Silva HEC, Santos GNM, Leite AF, Mesquita CRM, Figueiredo PTDS, Stefani CM, de Melo NS. The use of artificial intelligence tools in cancer detection compared to the traditional diagnostic imaging methods: An overview of the systematic reviews. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292063. [PMID: 37796946 PMCID: PMC10553229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In comparison to conventional medical imaging diagnostic modalities, the aim of this overview article is to analyze the accuracy of the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques in the identification and diagnosis of malignant tumors in adult patients. DATA SOURCES The acronym PIRDs was used and a comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Embase, Scielo, EBSCOhost, and grey literature through Proquest, Google Scholar, and JSTOR for systematic reviews of AI as a diagnostic model and/or detection tool for any cancer type in adult patients, compared to the traditional diagnostic radiographic imaging model. There were no limits on publishing status, publication time, or language. For study selection and risk of bias evaluation, pairs of reviewers worked separately. RESULTS In total, 382 records were retrieved in the databases, 364 after removing duplicates, 32 satisfied the full-text reading criterion, and 09 papers were considered for qualitative synthesis. Although there was heterogeneity in terms of methodological aspects, patient differences, and techniques used, the studies found that several AI approaches are promising in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic accuracy in the detection and diagnosis of malignant tumors. When compared to other machine learning algorithms, the Super Vector Machine method performed better in cancer detection and diagnosis. Computer-assisted detection (CAD) has shown promising in terms of aiding cancer detection, when compared to the traditional method of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The detection and diagnosis of malignant tumors with the help of AI seems to be feasible and accurate with the use of different technologies, such as CAD systems, deep and machine learning algorithms and radiomic analysis when compared with the traditional model, although these technologies are not capable of to replace the professional radiologist in the analysis of medical images. Although there are limitations regarding the generalization for all types of cancer, these AI tools might aid professionals, serving as an auxiliary and teaching tool, especially for less trained professionals. Therefore, further longitudinal studies with a longer follow-up duration are required for a better understanding of the clinical application of these artificial intelligence systems. TRIAL REGISTRATION Systematic review registration. Prospero registration number: CRD42022307403.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André Ferreira Leite
- Faculty of Health Science, Dentistry of Department, Brasilia University, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristine Miron Stefani
- Faculty of Health Science, Dentistry of Department, Brasilia University, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Nilce Santos de Melo
- Faculty of Health Science, Dentistry of Department, Brasilia University, Brasilia, Brazil
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Homburg M, Meijer E, Berends M, Kupers T, Olde Hartman T, Muris J, de Schepper E, Velek P, Kuiper J, Berger M, Peters L. A Natural Language Processing Model for COVID-19 Detection Based on Dutch General Practice Electronic Health Records by Using Bidirectional Encoder Representations From Transformers: Development and Validation Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e49944. [PMID: 37792444 PMCID: PMC10563863 DOI: 10.2196/49944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural language processing (NLP) models such as bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) hold promise in revolutionizing disease identification from electronic health records (EHRs) by potentially enhancing efficiency and accuracy. However, their practical application in practice settings demands a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to development and validation. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted challenges in disease identification due to limited testing availability and challenges in handling unstructured data. In the Netherlands, where general practitioners (GPs) serve as the first point of contact for health care, EHRs generated by these primary care providers contain a wealth of potentially valuable information. Nonetheless, the unstructured nature of free-text entries in EHRs poses challenges in identifying trends, detecting disease outbreaks, or accurately pinpointing COVID-19 cases. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop and validate a BERT model for detecting COVID-19 consultations in general practice EHRs in the Netherlands. METHODS The BERT model was initially pretrained on Dutch language data and fine-tuned using a comprehensive EHR data set comprising confirmed COVID-19 GP consultations and non-COVID-19-related consultations. The data set was partitioned into a training and development set, and the model's performance was evaluated on an independent test set that served as the primary measure of its effectiveness in COVID-19 detection. To validate the final model, its performance was assessed through 3 approaches. First, external validation was applied on an EHR data set from a different geographic region in the Netherlands. Second, validation was conducted using results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test data obtained from municipal health services. Lastly, correlation between predicted outcomes and COVID-19-related hospitalizations in the Netherlands was assessed, encompassing the period around the outbreak of the pandemic in the Netherlands, that is, the period before widespread testing. RESULTS The model development used 300,359 GP consultations. We developed a highly accurate model for COVID-19 consultations (accuracy 0.97, F1-score 0.90, precision 0.85, recall 0.85, specificity 0.99). External validations showed comparable high performance. Validation on PCR test data showed high recall but low precision and specificity. Validation using hospital data showed significant correlation between COVID-19 predictions of the model and COVID-19-related hospitalizations (F1-score 96.8; P<.001; R2=0.69). Most importantly, the model was able to predict COVID-19 cases weeks before the first confirmed case in the Netherlands. CONCLUSIONS The developed BERT model was able to accurately identify COVID-19 cases among GP consultations even preceding confirmed cases. The validated efficacy of our BERT model highlights the potential of NLP models to identify disease outbreaks early, exemplifying the power of multidisciplinary efforts in harnessing technology for disease identification. Moreover, the implications of this study extend beyond COVID-19 and offer a blueprint for the early recognition of various illnesses, revealing that such models could revolutionize disease surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Homburg
- Department of Primary- and Long-Term Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eline Meijer
- Department of Primary- and Long-Term Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Data Science Center in Health, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Berends
- Department of Primary- and Long-Term Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Epidemiology, Certe Foundation, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thijmen Kupers
- Department of Primary- and Long-Term Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Data Science Center in Health, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tim Olde Hartman
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jean Muris
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Evelien de Schepper
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Premysl Velek
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kuiper
- Municipal Health Service Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Berger
- Department of Primary- and Long-Term Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lilian Peters
- Department of Primary- and Long-Term Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Data Science Center in Health, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Midwifery Science, Amsterdam Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Ahmed MI, Spooner B, Isherwood J, Lane M, Orrock E, Dennison A. A Systematic Review of the Barriers to the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. Cureus 2023; 15:e46454. [PMID: 37927664 PMCID: PMC10623210 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to improve healthcare outcomes by facilitating early diagnosis, reducing the medical administrative burden, aiding drug development, personalising medical and oncological management, monitoring healthcare parameters on an individual basis, and allowing clinicians to spend more time with their patients. In the post-pandemic world where there is a drive for efficient delivery of healthcare and manage long waiting times for patients to access care, AI has an important role in supporting clinicians and healthcare systems to streamline the care pathways and provide timely and high-quality care for the patients. Despite AI technologies being used in healthcare for some decades, and all the theoretical potential of AI, the uptake in healthcare has been uneven and slower than anticipated and there remain a number of barriers, both overt and covert, which have limited its incorporation. This literature review highlighted barriers in six key areas: ethical, technological, liability and regulatory, workforce, social, and patient safety barriers. Defining and understanding the barriers preventing the acceptance and implementation of AI in the setting of healthcare will enable clinical staff and healthcare leaders to overcome the identified hurdles and incorporate AI technologies for the benefit of patients and clinical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molla Imaduddin Ahmed
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, GBR
| | - Brendan Spooner
- Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, GBR
| | - John Isherwood
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, GBR
| | - Mark Lane
- Ophthalmology, Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, GBR
| | - Emma Orrock
- Head of Clinical Senates, East and West Midlands Clinical Senate, Leicester, GBR
| | - Ashley Dennison
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, GBR
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36
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Ren W, Zhu Y, Wang Q, Song Y, Fan Z, Bai Y, Lin D. Deep learning prediction model for central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma based on cytology. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4114-4124. [PMID: 37574759 PMCID: PMC10551586 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Controversy exists regarding whether patients with low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) should undergo surgery or active surveillance; the inaccuracy of the preoperative clinical lymph node status assessment is one of the primary factors contributing to the controversy. It is imperative to accurately predict the lymph node status of PTMC before surgery. We selected 208 preoperative fine-needle aspiration (FNA) liquid-based preparations of PTMC as our research objects; all of these instances underwent lymph node dissection and, aside from lymph node status, were consistent with low-risk PTMC. We separated them into two groups according to whether the postoperative pathology showed central lymph node metastases. The deep learning model was expected to predict, based on the preoperative thyroid FNA liquid-based preparation, whether PTMC was accompanied by central lymph node metastases. Our deep learning model attained a sensitivity, specificity, positive prediction value (PPV), negative prediction value (NPV), and accuracy of 78.9% (15/19), 73.9% (17/23), 71.4% (15/21), 81.0% (17/21), and 76.2% (32/42), respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (value was 0.8503. The predictive performance of the deep learning model was superior to that of the traditional clinical evaluation, and further analysis revealed the cell morphologies that played key roles in model prediction. Our study suggests that the deep learning model based on preoperative thyroid FNA liquid-based preparation is a reliable strategy for predicting central lymph node metastases in thyroid micropapillary carcinoma, and its performance surpasses that of traditional clinical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of PathologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of PathologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of PathologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Yuntao Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Head and Neck SurgeryPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Zhihui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of UltrasoundPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Yanhua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of PathologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Dongmei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of PathologyPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
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Abdallah S, Sharifa M, I Kh Almadhoun MK, Khawar MM, Shaikh U, Balabel KM, Saleh I, Manzoor A, Mandal AK, Ekomwereren O, Khine WM, Oyelaja OT. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Optimizing Diagnosis and Treatment Plans for Rare Genetic Disorders. Cureus 2023; 15:e46860. [PMID: 37954711 PMCID: PMC10636514 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare genetic disorders (RDs), characterized by their low prevalence and diagnostic complexities, present significant challenges to healthcare systems. This article explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in addressing these challenges. It emphasizes the need for accurate and early diagnosis of RDs, often hindered by genetic and clinical heterogeneity. This article discusses how AI and ML are reshaping healthcare, providing examples of their effectiveness in disease diagnosis, prognosis, image analysis, and drug repurposing. It highlights AI's ability to efficiently analyze extensive datasets and expedite diagnosis, showcasing case studies like Face2Gene. Furthermore, the article explores how AI tailors treatment plans for RDs, leveraging ML and deep learning (DL) to create personalized therapeutic regimens. It emphasizes AI's role in drug discovery, including the identification of potential candidates for rare disease treatments. Challenges and limitations related to AI in healthcare, including ethical, legal, technical, and human aspects, are addressed. This article underscores the importance of data ethics, privacy, and algorithmic fairness, as well as the need for standardized evaluation techniques and transparency in AI research. It highlights second-generation AI systems that prioritize patient-centric care, efficient patient recruitment for clinical trials, and the significance of high-quality data. The integration of AI with telemedicine, the growth of health databases, and the potential for personalized therapeutic recommendations are identified as promising directions for the field. In summary, this article provides a comprehensive exploration of how AI and ML are revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of RDs, addressing challenges while considering ethical implications in this rapidly evolving healthcare landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenouda Abdallah
- Surgery, Jaber Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, KWT
| | | | | | | | - Unzla Shaikh
- Internal Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, PAK
| | | | - Inam Saleh
- Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
| | - Amima Manzoor
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Arun Kumar Mandal
- General Medicine, Mahawai Basic Hospital/The Oda Foundation, Kalikot, NPL
- Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, NPL
| | - Osatohanmwen Ekomwereren
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, GBR
| | - Wai Mon Khine
- Internal Medicine, Caribbean Medical School, St. Georges, GRD
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Paladugu PS, Ong J, Nelson N, Kamran SA, Waisberg E, Zaman N, Kumar R, Dias RD, Lee AG, Tavakkoli A. Generative Adversarial Networks in Medicine: Important Considerations for this Emerging Innovation in Artificial Intelligence. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:2130-2142. [PMID: 37488468 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has revolutionized the field of medicine. Although highly effective, the rapid expansion of this technology has created some anticipated and unanticipated bioethical considerations. With these powerful applications, there is a necessity for framework regulations to ensure equitable and safe deployment of technology. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are emerging ML techniques that have immense applications in medical imaging due to their ability to produce synthetic medical images and aid in medical AI training. Producing accurate synthetic images with GANs can address current limitations in AI development for medical imaging and overcome current dataset type and size constraints. Offsetting these constraints can dramatically improve the development and implementation of AI medical imaging and restructure the practice of medicine. As observed with its other AI predecessors, considerations must be taken into place to help regulate its development for clinical use. In this paper, we discuss the legal, ethical, and technical challenges for future safe integration of this technology in the healthcare sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phani Srivatsav Paladugu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Ong
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicolas Nelson
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharif Amit Kamran
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Ethan Waisberg
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nasif Zaman
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | - Roger Daglius Dias
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Go Lee
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Human-Machine Perception Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA.
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Voogt AM, Schrijver RS, Temürhan M, Bongers JH, Sijm DTHM. Opportunities for Regulatory Authorities to Assess Animal-Based Measures at the Slaughterhouse Using Sensor Technology and Artificial Intelligence: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3028. [PMID: 37835634 PMCID: PMC10571985 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal-based measures (ABMs) are the preferred way to assess animal welfare. However, manual scoring of ABMs is very time-consuming during the meat inspection. Automatic scoring by using sensor technology and artificial intelligence (AI) may bring a solution. Based on review papers an overview was made of ABMs recorded at the slaughterhouse for poultry, pigs and cattle and applications of sensor technology to measure the identified ABMs. Also, relevant legislation and work instructions of the Dutch Regulatory Authority (RA) were scanned on applied ABMs. Applications of sensor technology in a research setting, on farm or at the slaughterhouse were reported for 10 of the 37 ABMs identified for poultry, 4 of 32 for cattle and 13 of 41 for pigs. Several applications are related to aspects of meat inspection. However, by European law meat inspection must be performed by an official veterinarian, although there are exceptions for the post mortem inspection of poultry. The examples in this study show that there are opportunities for using sensor technology by the RA to support the inspection and to give more insight into animal welfare risks. The lack of external validation for multiple commercially available systems is a point of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika M. Voogt
- Office for Risk Assessment & Research (BuRO), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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40
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Pamporaki C, Berends AMA, Filippatos A, Prodanov T, Meuter L, Prejbisz A, Beuschlein F, Fassnacht M, Timmers HJLM, Nölting S, Abhyankar K, Constantinescu G, Kunath C, de Haas RJ, Wang K, Remde H, Bornstein SR, Januszewicz A, Robledo M, Lenders JWM, Kerstens MN, Pacak K, Eisenhofer G. Prediction of metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a machine learning modelling study using data from a cross-sectional cohort. Lancet Digit Health 2023; 5:e551-e559. [PMID: 37474439 PMCID: PMC10565306 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(23)00094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas have up to a 20% rate of metastatic disease that cannot be reliably predicted. This study prospectively assessed whether the dopamine metabolite, methoxytyramine, might predict metastatic disease, whether predictions might be improved using machine learning models that incorporate other features, and how machine learning-based predictions compare with predictions made by specialists in the field. METHODS In this machine learning modelling study, we used cross-sectional cohort data from the PMT trial, based in Germany, Poland, and the Netherlands, to prospectively examine the utility of methoxytyramine to predict metastatic disease in 267 patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma and positive biochemical test results at initial screening. Another retrospective dataset of 493 patients with these tumors enrolled under clinical protocols at National Institutes of Health (00-CH-0093) and the Netherlands (PRESCRIPT trial) was used to train and validate machine learning models according to selections of additional features. The best performing machine learning models were then externally validated using data for all patients in the PMT trial. For comparison, 12 specialists provided predictions of metastatic disease using data from the training and external validation datasets. FINDINGS Prospective predictions indicated that plasma methoxytyramine could identify metastatic disease at sensitivities of 52% and specificities of 85%. The best performing machine learning model was based on an ensemble tree classifier algorithm that used nine features: plasma methoxytyramine, metanephrine, normetanephrine, age, sex, previous history of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma, location and size of primary tumours, and presence of multifocal disease. This model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0·942 (95% CI 0·894-0·969) that was larger (p<0·0001) than that of the best performing specialist before (0·815, 0·778-0·853) and after (0·812, 0·781-0·854) provision of SDHB variant data. Sensitivity for prediction of metastatic disease in the external validation cohort reached 83% at a specificity of 92%. INTERPRETATION Although methoxytyramine has some utility for prediction of metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, sensitivity is limited. Predictive value is considerably enhanced with machine learning models that incorporate our nine recommended features. Our final model provides a preoperative approach to predict metastases in patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, and thereby guide individualised patient management and follow-up. FUNDING Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annika M A Berends
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Angelos Filippatos
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Machine Design Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Tamara Prodanov
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leah Meuter
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital LMU, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Henri J L M Timmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Svenja Nölting
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital LMU, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kaushik Abhyankar
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Carola Kunath
- Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robbert J de Haas
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Katharina Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital LMU, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Remde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Reserch Centre, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacques W M Lenders
- Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Michiel N Kerstens
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Mehdizadeh Dastjerdi O, Bakhtiarnia M, Yazdchi M, Maghooli K, Farokhi F, Jadidi K. Ocular condition prognosis in Keratoconus patients after corneal ring implantation using artificial neural networks. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19411. [PMID: 37681187 PMCID: PMC10480659 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The common disorder, Keratoconus (KC), is distinguished by cumulative corneal slimming and steepening. The corneal ring implantation has become a successful surgical procedure to correct the KC patient's vision. The determination of suitable patients for the surgery alternative is among the paramount concerns of ophthalmologists. To reduce the burden on them and enhance the treatment, this research aims to previse the ocular condition of KC patients after the corneal ring implantation. It focuses on predicting post-surgical corneal topographic indices and visual characteristics. This study applied an efficacious artificial neural network approach to foretell the aforementioned ocular features of KC subjects 6 and 12 months after implanting KeraRing and MyoRing based on the accumulated data. The datasets are composed of sufficient numbers of corneal topographic maps and visual characteristics recorded from KC patients before and after implanting the rings. The visual characteristics under study are uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), sphere (SPH), astigmatism (Ast), astigmatism orientation (Axe), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). In addition, the statistical data of multiple KC subjects were registered, including three effective indices of corneal topography (i.e., Ast, K-reading, and pachymetry) pre- and post-ring embedding. The outcomes represent the contribution of practical training of the introduced models to the estimation of ocular features of KC subjects following the implantation. The corneal topographic indices and visual characteristics were estimated with mean errors of 7.29% and 8.60%, respectively. Further, the errors of 6.82% and 7.65% were respectively realized for the visual characteristics and corneal topographic indices while assessing the predictions by the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) procedure. The results confirm the great potential of neural networks to guide ophthalmologists in choosing appropriate surgical candidates and their specific intracorneal rings by predicting post-implantation ocular features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjan Bakhtiarnia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Yazdchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Keivan Maghooli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardad Farokhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Jadidi
- Visual Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Semnan, Iran
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Froń A, Semianiuk A, Lazuk U, Ptaszkowski K, Siennicka A, Lemiński A, Krajewski W, Szydełko T, Małkiewicz B. Artificial Intelligence in Urooncology: What We Have and What We Expect. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4282. [PMID: 37686558 PMCID: PMC10486651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence is transforming healthcare by driving innovation, automation, and optimization across various fields of medicine. The aim of this study was to determine whether artificial intelligence (AI) techniques can be used in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of urological cancers. METHODOLOGY We conducted a thorough search for original and review articles published until 31 May 2022 in the PUBMED/Scopus database. Our search included several terms related to AI and urooncology. Articles were selected with the consensus of all authors. RESULTS Several types of AI can be used in the medical field. The most common forms of AI are machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), neural networks (NNs), natural language processing (NLP) systems, and computer vision. AI can improve various domains related to the management of urologic cancers, such as imaging, grading, and nodal staging. AI can also help identify appropriate diagnoses, treatment options, and even biomarkers. In the majority of these instances, AI is as accurate as or sometimes even superior to medical doctors. CONCLUSIONS AI techniques have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of urologic cancers. The use of AI in urooncology care is expected to increase in the future, leading to improved patient outcomes and better overall management of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Froń
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (U.L.); (W.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Alina Semianiuk
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (U.L.); (W.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Uladzimir Lazuk
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (U.L.); (W.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Kuba Ptaszkowski
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Siennicka
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Artur Lemiński
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (U.L.); (W.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Tomasz Szydełko
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (U.L.); (W.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Bartosz Małkiewicz
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (U.L.); (W.K.); (T.S.)
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Jacobs F, D'Amico S, Benvenuti C, Gaudio M, Saltalamacchia G, Miggiano C, De Sanctis R, Della Porta MG, Santoro A, Zambelli A. Opportunities and Challenges of Synthetic Data Generation in Oncology. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2023; 7:e2300045. [PMID: 37535875 DOI: 10.1200/cci.23.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread interest in artificial intelligence (AI) in health care has focused mainly on deductive systems that analyze available real-world data to discover patterns not otherwise visible. Generative adversarial network, a new type of inductive AI, has recently evolved to generate high-fidelity virtual synthetic data (SD) trained on relatively limited real-world information. The AI system is fed with a collection of real data, and it learns to generate new augmented data while maintaining the general characteristics of the original data set. The use of SD to enhance clinical research and protect patient privacy has drawn a lot of interest in medicine and in the complex field of oncology. This article summarizes the main characteristics of this innovative technology and critically discusses how it can be used to accelerate data access for secondary purposes, providing an overview of the opportunities and challenges of SD generation for clinical cancer research and health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Benvenuti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Gaudio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Miggiano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita De Sanctis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovanni Della Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milan, Italy
| | - Armando Santoro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zambelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milan, Italy
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McDonnell KJ. Leveraging the Academic Artificial Intelligence Silecosystem to Advance the Community Oncology Enterprise. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4830. [PMID: 37510945 PMCID: PMC10381436 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 75 years, artificial intelligence has evolved from a theoretical concept and novel paradigm describing the role that computers might play in our society to a tool with which we daily engage. In this review, we describe AI in terms of its constituent elements, the synthesis of which we refer to as the AI Silecosystem. Herein, we provide an historical perspective of the evolution of the AI Silecosystem, conceptualized and summarized as a Kuhnian paradigm. This manuscript focuses on the role that the AI Silecosystem plays in oncology and its emerging importance in the care of the community oncology patient. We observe that this important role arises out of a unique alliance between the academic oncology enterprise and community oncology practices. We provide evidence of this alliance by illustrating the practical establishment of the AI Silecosystem at the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and its team utilization by community oncology providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J McDonnell
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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45
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Donadio D, Terry SF. The Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis of Cancer and Rare Genetic Diseases. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:203-204. [PMID: 37471205 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2023.29074.persp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Donadio
- Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
- Genetic Alliance, Damascus, Maryland, USA
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Akashi T, Okumura T, Terabayashi K, Yoshino Y, Tanaka H, Yamazaki T, Numata Y, Fukuda T, Manabe T, Baba H, Miwa T, Watanabe T, Hirano K, Igarashi T, Sekine S, Hashimoto I, Shibuya K, Hojo S, Yoshioka I, Matsui K, Yamada A, Sasaki T, Fujii T. The use of an artificial intelligence algorithm for circulating tumor cell detection in patients with esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:320. [PMID: 37332339 PMCID: PMC10272959 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in multidisciplinary treatments of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), patients frequently suffer from distant metastasis after surgery. For numerous types of cancer, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered predictors of distant metastasis, therapeutic response and prognosis. However, as more markers of cytopathological heterogeneity are discovered, the overall detection process for the expression of these markers in CTCs becomes increasingly complex and time consuming. In the present study, the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based artificial intelligence (AI) for CTC detection was assessed using KYSE ESCC cell lines and blood samples from patients with ESCC. The AI algorithm distinguished KYSE cells from peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers, accompanied with epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and nuclear DAPI staining, with an accuracy of >99.8% when the AI was trained on the same KYSE cell line. In addition, AI trained on KYSE520 distinguished KYSE30 from PBMCs with an accuracy of 99.8%, despite the marked differences in EpCAM expression between the two KYSE cell lines. The average accuracy of distinguishing KYSE cells from PBMCs for the AI and four researchers was 100 and 91.8%, respectively (P=0.011). The average time to complete cell classification for 100 images by the AI and researchers was 0.74 and 630.4 sec, respectively (P=0.012). The average number of EpCAM-positive/DAPI-positive cells detected in blood samples by the AI was 44.5 over 10 patients with ESCC and 2.4 over 5 healthy volunteers (P=0.019). These results indicated that the CNN-based image processing algorithm for CTC detection provides a higher accuracy and shorter analysis time compared to humans, suggesting its applicability for clinical use in patients with ESCC. Moreover, the finding that AI accurately identified even EpCAM-negative KYSEs suggested that the AI algorithm may distinguish CTCs based on as yet unknown features, independent of known marker expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Akashi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Okumura
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kenji Terabayashi
- Department of Mechanical and Intellectual Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshino
- Department of Mechanical and Intellectual Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takeyoshi Yamazaki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Numata
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takuma Fukuda
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takahiro Manabe
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hayato Baba
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miwa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toru Watanabe
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Hirano
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takamichi Igarashi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sekine
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Isaya Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuto Shibuya
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shozo Hojo
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Isaku Yoshioka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Koshi Matsui
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Department of Mechanical and Intellectual Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Tohru Sasaki
- Department of Mechanical and Intellectual Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Xu Z, Biswas B, Li L, Amzal B. AI/ML in Precision Medicine: A Look Beyond the Hype. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2023:10.1007/s43441-023-00541-1. [PMID: 37310669 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-023-00541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are making headlines in medical research, especially in drug discovery, digital imaging, disease diagnostics, genetic testing, and optimal care pathway (personalized care). However, the potential uses and benefits of AI/ML applications need to be distinguished from hype. In the 2022 American Statistical Association Biopharmaceutical Section Regulatory-Industry Statistical Workshop, we convened a panel of experts from FDA and industry to talk about the challenges of successfully applying AI/ML in precision medicine and how to overcome those challenges. This paper provides a summary and expansion on the topics discussed in the panel: the application of AI/ML, bias, and data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Xu
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
| | - Bipasa Biswas
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Lin Li
- PharmaLex, Inc, 5280 Corporate Dr, Frederick, MD, 21703, USA
| | - Billy Amzal
- Quinten Health, Inc, 8, Rue Vernier, 75017, Paris, France
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48
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Gamsiz Uzun ED. Introducing JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology: A Platform for Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Cutting-Edge Research. JMIR BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 4:e48631. [PMID: 38935954 PMCID: PMC11135224 DOI: 10.2196/48631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology supports interdisciplinary research and welcomes contributions that push the boundaries of bioinformatics, genomics, artificial intelligence, and pathology informatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Dilber Gamsiz Uzun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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49
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de Queiroz Tavares Borges Mesquita G, Vieira WA, Vidigal MTC, Travençolo BAN, Beaini TL, Spin-Neto R, Paranhos LR, de Brito Júnior RB. Artificial Intelligence for Detecting Cephalometric Landmarks: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Digit Imaging 2023; 36:1158-1179. [PMID: 36604364 PMCID: PMC10287619 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-022-00766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Using computer vision through artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the main technological advances in dentistry. However, the existing literature on the practical application of AI for detecting cephalometric landmarks of orthodontic interest in digital images is heterogeneous, and there is no consensus regarding accuracy and precision. Thus, this review evaluated the use of artificial intelligence for detecting cephalometric landmarks in digital imaging examinations and compared it to manual annotation of landmarks. An electronic search was performed in nine databases to find studies that analyzed the detection of cephalometric landmarks in digital imaging examinations with AI and manual landmarking. Two reviewers selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias using QUADAS-2. Random-effects meta-analyses determined the agreement and precision of AI compared to manual detection at a 95% confidence interval. The electronic search located 7410 studies, of which 40 were included. Only three studies presented a low risk of bias for all domains evaluated. The meta-analysis showed AI agreement rates of 79% (95% CI: 76-82%, I2 = 99%) and 90% (95% CI: 87-92%, I2 = 99%) for the thresholds of 2 and 3 mm, respectively, with a mean divergence of 2.05 (95% CI: 1.41-2.69, I2 = 10%) compared to manual landmarking. The menton cephalometric landmark showed the lowest divergence between both methods (SMD, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.82; 1.53; I2 = 0%). Based on very low certainty of evidence, the application of AI was promising for automatically detecting cephalometric landmarks, but further studies should focus on testing its strength and validity in different samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walbert A Vieira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Leite Beaini
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2G, sala 1, 38405-320, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rubens Spin-Neto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Radiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2G, sala 1, 38405-320, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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50
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Guo J, Hu J, Zheng Y, Zhao S, Ma J. Artificial intelligence: opportunities and challenges in the clinical applications of triple-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:2141-2149. [PMID: 36871044 PMCID: PMC10241896 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of all invasive breast cancer subtypes. Owing to its clinical characteristics, such as the lack of effective therapeutic targets, high invasiveness, and high recurrence rate, TNBC is difficult to treat and has a poor prognosis. Currently, with the accumulation of large amounts of medical data and the development of computing technology, artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning, has been applied to various aspects of TNBC research, including early screening, diagnosis, identification of molecular subtypes, personalised treatment, and prediction of prognosis and treatment response. In this review, we discussed the general principles of artificial intelligence, summarised its main applications in the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC, and provided new ideas and theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Machine Intelligence Laboratory, College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China.
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China.
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