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Angulo-Elizari E, Henriquez-Figuereo A, Morán-Serradilla C, Plano D, Sanmartín C. Unlocking the potential of 1,4-naphthoquinones: A comprehensive review of their anticancer properties. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116249. [PMID: 38458106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer encompasses a group of pathologies with common characteristics, high incidence, and prevalence in all countries. Although there are treatments available for this disease, they are not always effective or safe, often failing to achieve the desired results. This is why it is necessary to continue the search for new therapies. One of the strategies for obtaining new antitumor drugs is the use of 1,4-naphthoquinone as a scaffold in synthetic or natural products with antitumor activity. This review focuses on compiling studies related to the antitumor activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its natural and synthetic derivatives over the last 10 years. The work describes the main natural naphthoquinones with antitumor activity and classifies the synthetic naphthoquinones based on the structural modifications made to the scaffold. Additionally, the formation of metal complexes using naphthoquinones as a ligand is considered. After a thorough review, 197 synthetic compounds with potent biological activity against cancer have been classified according to their chemical structures and their mechanisms of action have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Angulo-Elizari
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andreina Henriquez-Figuereo
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Morán-Serradilla
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Olatunde OZ, Yong J, Lu C, Ming Y. A Review on Shikonin and Its Derivatives as Potent Anticancer Agents Targeted against Topoisomerases. Curr Med Chem 2023; 31:CMC-EPUB-129356. [PMID: 36752292 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230208094828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The topoisomerases (TOPO) play indispensable roles in DNA metabolism, by regulating the topological state of DNA. Topoisomerase I and II are the well-established drug-targets for the development of anticancer agents and antibiotics. These drugs-targeting enzymes have been used to establish the relationship between drug-stimulated DNA cleavable complex formation and cytotoxicity. Some anticancer drugs (such as camptothecin, anthracyclines, mitoxantrone) are also widely used as Topo I and Topo II inhibitors, but the poor water solubility, myeloma suppression, dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, and multidrug resistance (MDR) limited their prolong use as therapeutics. Also, most of these agents displayed selective inhibition only against Topo I or II. In recent years, researchers focus on the design and synthesis of the dual Topo I and II inhibitors, or the discovery of the dual Topo I and II inhibitors from natural products. Shikonin (a natural compound with anthraquinone skeleton, isolated from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon) has drawn much attention due to its wide spectrum of anticancer activities, especially due to its dual Topo inhibitive performance, and without the adverse side effects, and different kinds of shikonin derivatives have been synthesized as TOPO inhibitors for the development of anticancer agents. In this review, the progress of the shikonin and its derivatives together with their anticancer activities, anticancer mechanism, and their structure-activity relationship (SAR) was comprehensively summarized by searching the CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olagoke Zacchaeus Olatunde
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian,350002, China
| | - Jianping Yong
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Canzhong Lu
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian,350002, China
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yanlin Ming
- Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, 361006, China
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Valipour M. Recent advances of antitumor shikonin/alkannin derivatives: A comprehensive overview focusing on structural classification, synthetic approaches, and mechanisms of action. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chen T, Xiong H, Yang JF, Zhu XL, Qu RY, Yang GF. Diaryl Ether: A Privileged Scaffold for Drug and Agrochemical Discovery. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9839-9877. [PMID: 32786826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diaryl ether (DE) is a functional scaffold existing widely both in natural products (NPs) and synthetic organic compounds. Statistically, DE is the second most popular and enduring scaffold within the numerous medicinal chemistry and agrochemical reports. Given its unique physicochemical properties and potential biological activities, DE nucleus is recognized as a fundamental element of medicinal and agrochemical agents aimed at different biological targets. Its drug-like derivatives have been extensively synthesized with interesting biological features including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial, herbicidal, fungicidal, insecticidal, and so on. In this review, we highlight the medicinal and agrochemical versatility of the DE motif according to the published information in the past decade and comprehensively give a summary of the target recognition, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and mechanism of action of its analogues. It is expected that this profile may provide valuable guidance for the discovery of new active ingredients both in drug and pesticide research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Yu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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Shao YY, Yin Y, Lian BP, Leng JF, Xia YZ, Kong LY. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel shikonin-benzo[b]furan derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112105. [PMID: 32035399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of shikonin-benzo[b]furan derivatives were designed and synthesized as tubulin polymerization inhibitors, and their biological activities were evaluated. Most compounds revealed the comparable anti-proliferation activities against the cancer cell lines to that of shikonin and simultaneously low cytotoxicity to non-cancer cells. Among them, compound 6c displayed powerful anti-cancer activity with the IC50 value of 0.18 μM against HT29 cells, which was significantly better than that of the reference drugs shikonin and CA-4. What's more, 6c could inhibit tubulin polymerization and compete with [3H] colchicine in binding to tubulin. Further biological studies depicted that 6c can induce cell apoptosis and cell mitochondria depolarize, regulate the expression of apoptosis related proteins in HT29 cells. Besides, 6c actuated the HT29 cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and influenced the expression of the cell-cycle related protein. Moreover, 6c displayed potent inhibition on cell migration and tube formation that contributes to the antiangiogenesis. These results prompt us to consider 6c as a potential tubulin polymerization inhibitor and is worthy for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Bao-Ping Lian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jia-Fu Leng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of benzoylacrylic acid shikonin ester derivatives as irreversible dual inhibitors of tubulin and EGFR. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115153. [PMID: 31648877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of shikonin derivatives combined with benzoylacrylic had been designed and synthesized, which showed an inhibitory effect on both tubulin and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In vitro EGFR and cell growth inhibition assay demonstrated that compound PMMB-317 exhibited the most potent anti-EGFR (IC50 = 22.7 nM) and anti-proliferation activity (IC50 = 4.37 μM) against A549 cell line, which was comparable to that of Afatinib (EGFR, IC50 = 15.4 nM; A549, IC50 = 6.32 μM). Our results on mechanism research suggested that, PMMB-317 could induce the apoptosis of A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, along with decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), production of ROS and alterations in apoptosis-related protein levels. Also, PMMB-317 could arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase to induce cell apoptosis, and inhibit the EGFR activity through blocking the signal transduction downstream of the mitogen-activated protein MAPK pathway and the anti-apoptotic kinase AKT pathway; typically, such results were comparable to those of afatinib. In addition, PMMB-317 could suppress A549 cell migration through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, molecular docking simulation revealed that, PMMB-317 could simultaneously combine with EGFR protein (5HG8) and tubulin (1SA0) through various forces. Moreover, 3D-QSAR study was also carried out, which could optimize our compound through the structure-activity relationship analysis. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo results had collectively confirmed that PMMB-317 might serve as a promising lead compound to further develop the potential therapeutic anticancer agents.
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Guo C, He J, Song X, Tan L, Wang M, Jiang P, Li Y, Cao Z, Peng C. Pharmacological properties and derivatives of shikonin-A review in recent years. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104463. [PMID: 31553936 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin is the major bioactive component extracted from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon which is also known as "Zicao" in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Recent studies have shown that shikonin demonstrates various bioactivities related to the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and wound healing. This review aimed to provide an updated summary of recent studies on shikonin. Firstly, many studies have demonstrated that shikonin exerts strong anticancer effects on various types of cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and migration, inducing apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. Shikonin also triggers Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, suppressing exosome release, and activate anti-tumor immunity in multiple molecular mechanisms. Examples of these effects include modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPKs signaling; inhibiting the activation of TrxR1, PKM2, RIP1/3, Src, and FAK; and regulating the expression of ERP57, MMPs, ATF2, C-MYC, miR-128, and GRP78 (Bip). Next, the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties of shikonin were also reviewed. Furthermore, several studies focusing on shikonin derivatives were reviewed, and these showed that, with modification to the naphthazarin ring or side chain, some shikonin derivatives display stronger anticancer activity and lower toxicity than shikonin itself. Our findings suggest that shikonin and its derivatives could serve as potential novel drug for the treatment of cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China; School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junlin He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaominting Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Peidu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixing Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China; School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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8
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Shikonin derivatives for cancer prevention and therapy. Cancer Lett 2019; 459:248-267. [PMID: 31132429 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals gained considerable interest during the past years as source to develop new treatment options for chemoprevention and cancer therapy. Motivated by the fact that a majority of established anticancer drugs are derived in one way or another from natural resources, we focused on shikonin, a naphthoquinone with high potentials to be further developed as preventive or therapeutic drug to fight cancer. Shikonin is the major chemical component of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (Purple Cromwell) roots. Traditionally, the root extract has been applied to cure dermatitis, burns, and wounds. Over the past three decades, the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of root extracts, isolated shikonin as well as semi-synthetic and synthetic derivatives and nanoformulations have been described. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to understand the effect of shikonin at cellular and molecular levels. Preliminary clinical trials indicate the potential of shikonin for translation into clinical oncology. Shikonin exerts additive and synergistic interactions in combination with established chemotherapeutics, immunotherapeutic approaches, radiotherapy and other treatment modalities, which further underscores the potential of this phytochemical to be integrated into standard treatment regimens.
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Wang F, Yao X, Zhang Y, Tang J. Synthesis, biological function and evaluation of Shikonin in cancer therapy. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:329-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lin HY, Han HW, Sun WX, Yang YS, Tang CY, Lu GH, Qi JL, Wang XM, Yang YH. Design and characterization of α -lipoic acyl shikonin ester twin drugs as tubulin and PDK1 dual inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:137-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Huang G, Zhao HR, Meng QQ, Zhang QJ, Dong JY, Zhu BQ, Li SS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfur-containing shikonin oxime derivatives as potential antineoplastic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:166-181. [PMID: 29174813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a continuation of our research on developing potent and potentially safe antineoplastic agents, a set of forty five sulfur-containing shikonin oxime derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human colon cancer (HCT-15), gastric carcinoma (MGC-803), liver (Bel7402), breast (MCF-7) cancer cells and human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. All the synthesized compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activity selectively towards HCT-15 cells and did not display apparent toxicity to the normal HSF cells, some of which were more or comparatively effective to the parent compound against HCT-15, MGC-803 and Bel7402 cells. The most active agent 9m displayed high potency against human cancer cells with IC50 ranging from 0.27 ± 0.02 to 9.23 ± 0.12 μM. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) studies suggested that the nature of substituent group in the side chain is important for antitumor potency in vitro. Additionally, nitric oxide release studies revealed that the amount of nitric oxide generated from these oxime derivatives was relatively low. Furthermore, cellular mechanism investigations indicated that compound 9m could arrest cell cycle at G1 phase and induce a strong apoptotic response in HCT-15 cells. Moreover, western blot studies revealed that compound 9m induced apoptosis through the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax, caspase 3 and 9. For all these reasons, compound 9m hold promising potential as antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Hui-Ran Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Qing-Qing Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qi-Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jin-Yun Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bao-Quan Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shao-Shun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Han HW, Zheng CS, Chu SJ, Sun WX, Han LJ, Yang RW, Qi JL, Lu GH, Wang XM, Yang YH. The evaluation of potent antitumor activities of shikonin coumarin-carboxylic acid, PMMB232 through HIF-1α-mediated apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:656-666. [PMID: 29101810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In current study, a series of shikonin derivatives were synthesized and its anticancer activity was evaluated. As a result, PMMB232 showed the best antiproliferation activity with an IC50 value of 3.25±0.35μM. Further, treatment of HeLa cells with a variety of concentrations of target drug resulted in dose-dependent event marked by apoptosis. What's more, the mitochondrial potential (Δym) analysis was consistent with the apoptosis result. In addition, PARP was involved in the progress of apoptosis revealed by western blotting. To identify the detailed role and mechanism of PMMB232 in the progression of human cervical cancer, we detected the expression of HIF-1α and E-cadherin in HeLa cells. Results showed that expression of HIF-1α was downregulated, while E-cadherin protein was upregulated. Meanwhile, glycolysis related protein PDK1 was decreased in HeLa cells. Conversely, the expression of PDH-E1α was upregulated. Docking simulation results further indicate that PMMB232 could be well bound to HIF-1α. Taken together, our data indicate that compound PMMB232 could be developed as a potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Chao-Sai Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Shu-Juan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Wen-Xue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Lu-Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Rong-Wu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Jin-Liang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Gui-Hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China.
| | - Yong-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China.
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Durán AG, Gutiérrez MT, Rial C, Torres A, Varela RM, Valdivia MM, Molinillo JMG, Skoneczny D, Weston LA, Macías FA. Bioactivity and quantitative analysis of isohexenylnaphthazarins in root periderm of two Echium spp.: E. plantagineum and E. gaditanum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017. [PMID: 28633108 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Isohexenylnaphthazarins are commonly found in the root periderm of several Boraginaceous plants and are known for their broad range of biological activities. The work described herein concerns the biological activity of compounds from the roots of Echium plantagineum L. and Echium gaditanum Boiss (Boraginaceae) collected from field sites in southern Spain and Australia. Bioactivity was assessed using etiolated wheat coleoptile bioassay and in vitro growth inhibitory activity in HeLa and IGROV-1 cells. The quantification of four isohexenylnaphthazarins (shikonin/alkannin, deoxyshikonin/deoxyalkannin, acetylshikonin/acetylalkannin and dimethylacrylshikonin/dimethylacrylalkannin) was performed by LC-MS/MS using juglone as internal standard. Correlation coefficient values for the activities and concentrations of these four analytes were in the linear range and were greater than 0.99. Acetylshikonin/acetylalkannin and dimethylacrylshikonin/dimethylacrylalkannin were present in the highest concentrations in extracts of both species. The results reveal that greatest overall inhibition was observed in both bioassays with E. gaditanum extracts. Strong correlations between time of collection, sampling location and bioactivity were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Durán
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/ República Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - M Teresa Gutiérrez
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/ República Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Carlos Rial
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/ República Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Ascensión Torres
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/ República Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Rosa M Varela
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/ República Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Manuel M Valdivia
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/República Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José M G Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/ República Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Dominik Skoneczny
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | - Leslie A Weston
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
| | - Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (ceiA3), School of Science, University of Cadiz, C/ República Saharaui, 7, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
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14
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Huang G, Meng QQ, Zhou W, Zhang QJ, Dong JY, Li SS. Design and synthesis of biotinylated dimethylation of alkannin oxime derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Best D, Jean M, van de Weghe P. Modular Synthesis of Arylacetic Acid Esters, Thioesters, and Amides from Aryl Ethers via Rh(II)-Catalyzed Diazo Arylation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7760-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Best
- Université de
Rennes 1, UMR CNRS
6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Equipe PNSCM, UFR
des Sciences, Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, 2 Avenue du Prof Leon Bernard, Rennes F-35043 Cedex, France
| | - Mickaël Jean
- Université de
Rennes 1, UMR CNRS
6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Equipe PNSCM, UFR
des Sciences, Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, 2 Avenue du Prof Leon Bernard, Rennes F-35043 Cedex, France
| | - Pierre van de Weghe
- Université de
Rennes 1, UMR CNRS
6226, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Equipe PNSCM, UFR
des Sciences, Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, 2 Avenue du Prof Leon Bernard, Rennes F-35043 Cedex, France
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16
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Cao D, Wang X, Lei L, Ma L, Wang F, Wang C, Tang M, Xiang W, Wang T, Li H, Chen L. Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel substituted N-(4-(2-(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-N-methyl-quinazolin-4-amines as potent antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1931-5. [PMID: 26979159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of substituted N-(4-(2-(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)-N-methylquinazolin-4-amines were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity. Among them, compound 7a exhibited the best potency, with IC50 values of 0.029-0.147 μM against four types of cancer cell lines. In addition, 7a was confirmed that it could arrest the cell cycle at G2/M phase and trigger apoptosis. Indirect immunofluorescence staining revealed its anti-tubulin property. Importantly, 7a significantly inhibited tumor growths in HepG2 xenograft models without causing significant loss of body weight, suggesting that 7a is a promising new anticancer agent to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Taijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
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17
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Widhalm JR, Rhodes D. Biosynthesis and molecular actions of specialized 1,4-naphthoquinone natural products produced by horticultural plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2016; 3:16046. [PMID: 27688890 PMCID: PMC5030760 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The 1,4-naphthoquinones (1,4-NQs) are a diverse group of natural products found in every kingdom of life. Plants, including many horticultural species, collectively synthesize hundreds of specialized 1,4-NQs with ecological roles in plant-plant (allelopathy), plant-insect and plant-microbe interactions. Numerous horticultural plants producing 1,4-NQs have also served as sources of traditional medicines for hundreds of years. As a result, horticultural species have been at the forefront of many basic studies conducted to understand the metabolism and function of specialized plant 1,4-NQs. Several 1,4-NQ natural products derived from horticultural plants have also emerged as promising scaffolds for developing new drugs. In this review, the current understanding of the core metabolic pathways leading to plant 1,4-NQs is provided with additional emphasis on downstream natural products originating from horticultural species. An overview on the biochemical mechanisms of action, both from an ecological and pharmacological perspective, of 1,4-NQs derived from horticultural plants is also provided. In addition, future directions for improving basic knowledge about plant 1,4-NQ metabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Widhalm
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
- ()
| | - David Rhodes
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
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18
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Cao D, Wang X, Lei L, Ma L, Yang Z, Wang F, Chen L. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Substituted 4-Anilinoquinazolines as Antitumor Agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 96:1084-1094. [PMID: 26691926 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Eleven novel 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity. Among them, compound 9a exhibited the best potency, with IC50 values of 25-682 nm against various types of cancer cell lines. In addition, 9a was confirmed that it could arrest the cell cycle at G2 /M phase and trigger apoptosis. Indirect immunofluorescence staining revealed its antitubulin property. Importantly, 9a significantly inhibited tumor growths in SM-7721 xenograft models (57.0% tumor mass change) without causing significant loss of body weight, suggesting that 9a is a promising new anticancer agent to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, South of Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, South of Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, South of Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, South of Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, South of Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, South of Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, China
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19
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Hu MJ, Zhang B, Yang HK, Liu Y, Chen YR, Ma TZ, Lu L, You WW, Zhao PL. Design, Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Indole-Pyrimidine Hybrids as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:1491-500. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jin Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Hai-Kui Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Yu-Rong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Tian-Zhu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Ling Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Wen-Wei You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Pei-Liang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening; School of Pharmaceutical Science; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 China
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20
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Lin HY, Li ZK, Bai LF, Baloch SK, Wang F, Qiu HY, Wang X, Qi JL, Yang RW, Wang XM, Yang YH. Synthesis of aryl dihydrothiazol acyl shikonin ester derivatives as anticancer agents through microtubule stabilization. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 96:93-106. [PMID: 25957661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of cancer and the side effects of traditional anticancer drugs motivate the search for new and more effective anticancer drugs. In this study, we synthesized 17 kinds of aryl dihydrothiazol acyl shikonin ester derivatives and evaluated their anticancer activity through MTT assay. Among them, C13 showed better antiproliferation activity with IC50=3.14 ± 0.21 μM against HeLa cells than shikonin (IC50=5.75 ± 0.47 μM). We then performed PI staining assay, cell cycle distribution, and cell apoptosis analysis for C13 and found that it can cause cell arrest in G2/M phase, which leads to cell apoptosis. This derivative can also reduce the adhesive ability of HeLa cells. Docking simulation and confocal microscopy assay results further indicated that C13 could bind well to the tubulin at paclitaxel binding site, leading to tubulin polymerization and mitotic disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zi-Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Li-Fei Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunction Molecule, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, China
| | - Shahla Karim Baloch
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Han-Yue Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jin-Liang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Raong-Wu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yong-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, NJU-NJFU Joint Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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21
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Kuo LJ, Huang CY, Cheng WL, Hung CS, Wu CT, Lin FY, Chang YJ, Huang MT. Glucose-regulated protein 78 mediates the anticancer efficacy of shikonin in hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5063-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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22
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Baloch SK, Ma L, Xu GH, Bai LF, Zhao H, Tang CY, Pang YJ, Yang RW, Wang XM, Lu GH, Yang YH. A potent anticancer agent of shikonin derivative targeting tubulin. Chirality 2015; 27:274-80. [PMID: 25663187 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a shikonin ester derivative, compound , was selected to evaluate its anticancer activities and we found that compound exhibited better antitubulin activities against the human HepG2 cell line with an IC50 value of 1.097 μM. Furthermore, the inhibition of tubulin polymerization results indicated that compound demonstrated the most potent antitubulin activity (IC50 = 13.88), which was compared with shikonin and colchicine as positive controls (IC50 = 25.28 μM and 22.56 μM), respectively. Compound was simulated to have good binding site with tubulin and arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase, which also induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells, in which P53 and members of Bcl-2 protein family were both involved in the progress of apoptosis revealed by western blot. Confocal microscopy observations revealed compound targeted tubulin and altered its polymerization by interfering with microtubule organization. Based on these results, compound functions as a potent anticancer agent targeting tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Karim Baloch
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China; Department of Biotechnology, FCPD, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
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23
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Baloch SK, Ma L, Wang XL, Shi J, Zhu Y, Wu FY, Pang YJ, Lu GH, Qi JL, Wang XM, Gu HW, Yang YH. Design, synthesis and mechanism of novel shikonin derivatives as potent anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01872b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel shikonin derivatives were synthesised and probed as anticancer agents. Compound 40 showed the best anticancer activity with an IC50 of 1.26 μM, could induce apoptosis and cause cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase via the P21 p-CDC2 (Tyr15) pathway independent of P53.
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24
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Baloch† SK, Ling† LJ, Qiu HY, Ma L, Lin HY, Huang SC, Qi JL, Wang XM, Lu GH, Yang YH. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel shikonin ester derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05610h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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