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Ren H, Hart CH, Cheah CSL, Porter CL, Nelson DA, Yavuz-Müren HM, Gao W, Haron F, Jiang L, Kawashima A, Shibazaki-Lau A, Nakazawa J, Nelson LJ, Robinson CC, Selçuk AB, Evans-Stout C, Tan JP, Yang C, Quek AH, Zhou N. Parenting measurement, normativeness, and associations with child outcomes: Comparing evidence from four non-Western cultures. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13388. [PMID: 36929667 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study compared parenting across four non-Western cultures to test cross-cultural commonality and specificity principles in three aspects: measurement properties, parenting normativeness, and their associations with child outcomes. Both mothers and fathers (N = 1509 dyads) with preschool-aged children (M = 5.00 years; 48% girls) from urban areas of four countries (Malaysia, N = 372; China, N = 441; Turkey, N = 402; and Japan, N = 294) reported on four parenting constructs (authoritative, authoritarian, group harmony socialization, and intrusive control) and their sub-dimensions using modified culturally relevant measures. Teachers reported on children's internalizing, externalizing, and prosocial behaviors. The commonality principle was supported by two sets of findings: (1) full measurement invariance was established for most parenting constructs and sub-dimensions, except that intrusive control only reached partial scalar invariance, and (2) no variations were found in associations between parenting and any child outcomes across cultures or parent gender at the construct level for all four parenting constructs and at the sub-dimensional level for authoritarian and intrusive control sub-dimensions. The specificity principle was supported by the other two sets of findings: (1) cross-cultural differences in parenting normativeness did not follow the pattern of economic development but yielded culture-specific patterns, and (2) at the sub-dimensional level, the authoritative parenting and group harmony socialization sub-dimensions were differently associated with child outcomes across cultures and/or parent gender. The findings suggested that examining specific dimensions rather than broad parenting constructs is necessary to reflect cultural specificities and nuances. Our study provided a culturally-invariant instrument and a three-step guide for future parenting research to examine cross-cultural commonalities/specificities. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This is the first study to use an instrument with measurement invariance across multiple non-Western cultures to examine the commonality and specificity principles in parenting. Measurement invariance was achieved across cultures for authoritative and authoritarian parenting, group harmony socialization, intrusive control, and their sub-dimensions, supporting the commonality principle. Cross-cultural differences in parenting normativeness did not follow the pattern of economic development but yielded culture-specific patterns, supporting the specificity principle. Both commonalities and specificities were manifested in associations between parenting and child outcomes across cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiguang Ren
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA
| | - Craig H Hart
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - Chris L Porter
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - David A Nelson
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - Wen Gao
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Fatimah Haron
- Department of Psychology, HELP University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liuqing Jiang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ai Shibazaki-Lau
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - Larry J Nelson
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Clyde C Robinson
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Jo-Pei Tan
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Chongming Yang
- College of Family, Home, and Social Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Ai-Hwa Quek
- Department of Psychology, HELP University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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Kuo CH, Kessler S. Intergenerational Transmission of Human Parenting Styles to Human-Dog Relationships. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1038. [PMID: 38612277 PMCID: PMC11010965 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Parenting style and intergenerational transmission have been extensively studied in parent-child relationships. As dogs are increasingly recognized as integral members of the family system, there is a growing interest in understanding how parenting behaviors directed towards dogs can also influence a dog's behaviors. However, the reasons why people adopt certain parenting behaviors towards dogs remain relatively unknown. This study delved into the intergenerational transmission of parenting styles from one's upbringing to caregiving for dogs. Using a mixed methods approach with 391 dog caregivers and 10 interviews, this study employed multivariate linear regression and thematic analysis. Permissive parenting exhibited an intergenerational effect, with those experiencing it being more likely to replicate the style with their dogs. Orientation towards dogs emerged as a crucial mediator, with protectionistic attitudes reducing the likelihood of replicating authoritarian parenting. Humanistic and protectionistic orientation increased the likelihood of compensatory permissive behaviors. Insights from interviews underscored the impact of perceived childhood experiences on adopting specific parenting behaviors. Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights that can contribute to the promotion of appropriate caregiving behaviors toward dogs. By drawing on our understanding of child-parent relationships, addressing the underlying elements of human-dog dynamics may lead to positive outcomes both for dogs and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih Hsin Kuo
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK;
| | - Sharon Kessler
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK;
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Rothenberg WA, Lansford JE, Godwin JW, Dodge KA, Copeland WE, Odgers CL, McMahon RJ, Rybinska A. Intergenerational Effects of the Fast Track Intervention on Next-Generation Child Outcomes: A Preregistered Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:213-222. [PMID: 38321914 PMCID: PMC11137839 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20220927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors sought to determine whether the Fast Track mental health intervention delivered to individuals in childhood decreased mental health problems and the need for health services among the children of these individuals. METHODS The authors examined whether Fast Track assignment in one generation of children (generation 2; G2) from grades 1 through 10 reduced parent-reported mental health problems and health services use in these children's children (generation 3; G3) 18 years later relative to a control group. The Fast Track intervention blended parent behavior-management training, child social-cognitive skills tutoring, home visits, and classroom social-ecology changes across grades 1-10 to ameliorate emerging conduct problems among the G2 children. For this study, 1,057 G3 children of Fast Track participants (N=581 intervention group, N=476 control group) were evaluated. RESULTS G3 children of G2 parents who were randomized to the Fast Track intervention group used fewer general inpatient services and fewer inpatient or outpatient mental health services compared with G3 children of G2 parents randomized to the control group. Some of these effects were mediated: randomization to Fast Track predicted fewer internalizing problems and less use of corporal punishment among G2 adults at age 25, which subsequently predicted less general inpatient service use and outpatient mental health service use among the G3 children by the time the G2 parents were 34 years old. There were no significant differences between G3 children from these two groups on the use of other health services or on mental health measures. CONCLUSIONS Fast Track was associated with lower use of general inpatient services and inpatient and outpatient mental health services intergenerationally, but effects on parent-reported mental health of the children were not apparent across generations. Investing in interventions for the mental health of children could reduce service use burdens across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Andrew Rothenberg
- Duke University Center for Child and Family Policy
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine’s Mailman Center for Child Development
| | | | | | | | - William E. Copeland
- Duke University Center for Child and Family Policy
- University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry
| | - Candice L. Odgers
- Duke University Center for Child and Family Policy
- University of California Irvine
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Sharkey CM, Bates CR. Overcoming the exclusion of marginalized caregiver and patient groups in pediatric brain tumor research. Neurooncol Pract 2023; 10:403-405. [PMID: 37720390 PMCID: PMC10502776 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Sharkey
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Rothenberg WA, Lansford JE, Tirado LMU, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Gurdal S, Liu Q, Long Q, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Tapanya S, Steinberg L, Bornstein MH. The Intergenerational Transmission of Maladaptive Parenting and its Impact on Child Mental Health: Examining Cross-Cultural Mediating Pathways and Moderating Protective Factors. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:870-890. [PMID: 34985600 PMCID: PMC9894732 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a sample of 1338 families from 12 cultural groups in 9 nations, we examined whether retrospectively remembered Generation 1 (G1) parent rejecting behaviors were passed to Generation 2 (G2 parents), whether such intergenerational transmission led to higher Generation 3 (G3 child) externalizing and internalizing behavior at age 13, and whether such intergenerational transmission could be interrupted by parent participation in parenting programs or family income increases of > 5%. Utilizing structural equation modeling, we found that the intergenerational transmission of parent rejection that is linked with higher child externalizing and internalizing problems occurs across cultural contexts. However, the magnitude of transmission is greater in cultures with higher normative levels of parent rejection. Parenting program participation broke this intergenerational cycle in fathers from cultures high in normative parent rejection. Income increases appear to break this intergenerational cycle in mothers from most cultures, regardless of normative levels of parent rejection. These results tentatively suggest that bolstering protective factors such as parenting program participation, income supplementation, and (in cultures high in normative parent rejection) legislative changes and other population-wide positive parenting information campaigns aimed at changing cultural parenting norms may be effective in breaking intergenerational cycles of maladaptive parenting and improving child mental health across multiple generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Andrew Rothenberg
- Duke University Center for Child and Family Policy, Durham, USA.
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth A Dodge
- Duke University Center for Child and Family Policy, Durham, USA
| | | | - Qin Liu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Long
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
| | | | | | - Ann T Skinner
- Duke University Center for Child and Family Policy, Durham, USA
| | | | | | - Laurence Steinberg
- Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marc H Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, USA
- UNICEF, New York, USA
- Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK
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Rothenberg WA, Ali S, Rohner RP, Lansford JE, Britner PA, Giunta LD, Dodge KA, Malone PS, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Steinberg L, Tapanya S, Uribe Tirado LM, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K. Effects of Parental Acceptance-Rejection on Children's Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors: A Longitudinal, Multicultural Study. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2022; 31:29-47. [PMID: 35529327 PMCID: PMC9075417 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-021-02072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Grounded in interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory, this study assessed children's (N=1,315) perceptions of maternal and paternal acceptance-rejection in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States) as predictors of children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors across ages 7-14 years. Methods Parenting behaviors were measured using children's reports on the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire. Child externalizing and internalizing behaviors were measured using mother, father, and child reports on the Achenbach System of Empirically-Based Assessment. Results Using a multilevel modeling framework, we found that in cultures where both maternal and paternal indifference/neglect scores were higher than average-compared to other cultures -children's internalizing problems were more persistent. At the within-culture level, all four forms of maternal and paternal rejection (i.e., coldness/lack of affection, hostility/aggression, indifference/neglect, and undifferentiated rejection) were independently associated with both externalizing and internalizing problems across ages 7-14 even after controlling for child gender, parent education, and each of the four forms of parental rejection. Conclusions Results demonstrate that the effects of perceived parental acceptance-rejection are panculturally similar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc H. Bornstein
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and
Institute for Fiscal Studies
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Malti T, Cheah CSL. Toward complementarity: Specificity and commonality in social-emotional development: Introduction to the special section. Child Dev 2021; 92:e1085-e1094. [PMID: 34658013 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
What are the roles of specificity and commonality in social-emotional development? We begin by highlighting the conceptual context for this timely and timeless question and explain how responses to it can inform novel lines of theoretical and empirical inquiry, as well as sociocultural generalizability. Next, we describe how the selection of papers included in this special section contributes to our understanding of specificity and commonality in social-emotional development. We then explain how applying the complementarity principle to social-emotional development can inform a future research agenda in this domain. Lastly, we discuss how specificity and commonality fundamentally impact the way we conceptualize and implement interventions aimed at nurturing social-emotional development in every child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Malti
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charissa S L Cheah
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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