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Bai W, Tan H, Duan X, Hu J, Wang F, Wu J, Bai J, Hu J. Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on organic cation transporter 1: Implications for food/herb-drug interactions and hepatoprotective effects. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 193:114983. [PMID: 39245401 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, gene symbol: SLC22A1) is mainly responsible for the hepatic uptake of various cationic drugs, closely associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Screening and identifying potent OCT1 inhibitors with little toxicity in natural products is of great value in alleviating OCT1-mediated liver injury. Flavonoids, a group of polyphenols commonly found in foodstuffs and herbal products, have been reported to cause transporter-mediated food/herb-drug interactions (FDIs). Our objective was to investigate potential inhibitors of OCT1 from 96 flavonoids, evaluate the hepatoprotective effects on retrorsine-induced liver injury, and clarify the structure-activity relationships of flavonoids with OCT1. Thirteen flavonoids exhibited significant inhibition (>50%) on OCT1 in OCT1-HEK293 cells. Among them, the five strongest flavonoid inhibitors (IC50 < 10 μM), including α-naphthoflavone, apigenin, 6-hydroxyflavone, luteolin, and isosilybin markedly decreased oxaliplatin-induced cytotoxicity. In retrorsine-induced liver injury models, they also reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to different levels, the best of which was 6-hydroxyflavone. The pharmacophore model clarified that hydrogen bond acceptors at the 4,8,5' position might play a vital role in the inhibitory effect of flavonoids on OCT1. Taken together, our findings would pave the way to predicting the potential risks of flavonoid-related FDIs in humans and optimizing flavonoid structure to alleviate OCT1-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huixin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiahuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fenghe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinjin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jinping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drug Ability Evaluation, Department of Drug Metabolism, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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2
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Jiang G, Song H, Han X, Zhang M, Huang L, Zhu J, Sun B, Yu Z, Yang D. Low frequency of repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice through inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2024; 836:137890. [PMID: 38971300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a worldwide challenge due to limited treatment strategies. Repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) is among the most cutting-edge treatments for SCI. However, the mechanism underlying rTSMS on functional recovery is still unclear. In this study, 8-week-old C57BL/6J female mice were used to design SCI models followed by treatment with monotherapy (1 Hz rTSMS or LY364947) or combination therapy (rTSMS + LY364947). Our results showed obvious functional recovery after monotherapies compared to untreated mice. Immunofluorescence results demonstrated that rTSMS and LY364947 modulate the lesion scar by decreasing fibrosis and GFAP and possess the effect on neural protection. In addition, rTSMS suppressed inflammation and the activation of TGFβ1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway, as evidenced by markedly reduced TGF-βRⅠ, Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3 compared with untreated mice. Overall, it was confirmed that 1 Hz rTSMS promotes SCI recovery by suppressing the TGFβ1/Smad2/3 signaling, revealing a novel pathological mechanism of 1 Hz rTSMS intervention, and may provide potential targets for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Jiang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China
| | - Haiwang Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China
| | - Xing Han
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China
| | - Mudan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People' s Hospital, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Lieyu Huang
- School of Medical Humanities, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China
| | - Junde Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China; Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China
| | - Baofei Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China; Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China
| | - Zijiang Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China; Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China.
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China; Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China.
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Xing D, Xia G, Tang X, Zhuang Z, Shan J, Fang X, Qiu L, Zha X, Chen XL. A Multifunctional Nanocomposite Hydrogel Delivery System Based on Dual-Loaded Liposomes for Scarless Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401619. [PMID: 39011810 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Increased inflammatory responses and oxidative stress at the wound site following skin trauma impair healing. Furthermore, skin scarring places fibroblasts under severe mechanical stress and aggravates pathological fibrosis. A novel liposomal composite hydrogel is engineered for wound microenvironment remodeling, incorporating dual-loaded liposomes into gelatin methacrylate to create a nanocomposite hydrogel. Notably, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are encapsulated in the hydrophobic and hydrophilic layers of liposomes, respectively. The composite hydrogel maintains porous nanoarchitecture, demonstrating sustainable THC and HGF release and enhanced mechanical properties and biocompatibility. This system effectively promotes cell proliferation and angiogenesis and attenuates apoptosis. It decreases the expression of the inflammatory factors by inhibiting the high-mobility group box /receptor for advanced glycation end product/NF-κB (HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB)pathway and increases macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 in vitro, effectively controlling inflammatory responses. It exhibits remarkable antioxidant properties by scavenging excess reactive oxygen species and free radicals. Most importantly, it effectively prevents scar formation by restraining the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smads pathway that downregulates associated fibrotic factors. It demonstrates strong therapeutic effects against inflammation and fibrosis in a rat skin wound model with biosafety, advancing the development of innovative hydrogel-based therapeutic delivery strategies for clinical scarless wound therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Xing
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhuang
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shan
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Fang
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Le Qiu
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- Department of Burns, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
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Zhang C, Shao Q, Zhang Y, Liu W, Kang J, Jin Z, Huang N, Ning B. Therapeutic application of nicotinamide: As a potential target for inhibiting fibrotic scar formation following spinal cord injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14826. [PMID: 38973179 PMCID: PMC11228357 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to confirm the inhibitory effect of nicotinamide on fibrotic scar formation following spinal cord injury in mice using functional metabolomics. METHODS We proposed a novel functional metabolomics strategy to establish correlations between gene expression changes and metabolic phenotypes using integrated multi-omics analysis. Through the integration of quantitative metabolites analysis and assessments of differential gene expression, we identified nicotinamide as a functional metabolite capable of inhibiting fibrotic scar formation and confirmed the effect in vivo using a mouse model of spinal cord injury. Furthermore, to mimic fibrosis models in vitro, primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts and spinal cord fibroblasts were stimulated by TGFβ, and the influence of nicotinamide on TGFβ-induced fibrosis-associated genes and its underlying mechanism were examined. RESULTS Administration of nicotinamide led to a reduction in fibrotic lesion area and promoted functional rehabilitation following spinal cord injury. Nicotinamide effectively downregulated the expression of fibrosis genes, including Col1α1, Vimentin, Col4α1, Col1α2, Fn1, and Acta2, by repressing the TGFβ/SMADs pathway. CONCLUSION Our functional metabolomics strategy identified nicotinamide as a metabolite with the potential to inhibit fibrotic scar formation following SCI by suppressing the TGFβ/SMADs signaling. This finding provides new therapeutic strategies and new ideas for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Shao
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jianning Kang
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengxin Jin
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nana Huang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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5
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Ding Y, Chen Q. Recent advances on signaling pathways and their inhibitors in spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116938. [PMID: 38878684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious and disabling central nervous system injury. Its complex pathological mechanism can lead to sensory and motor dysfunction. It has been reported that signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathological process and neuronal recovery mechanism of SCI. Such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. According to reports, various stimuli and cytokines activate these signaling pathways related to SCI pathology, thereby participating in the regulation of pathological processes such as inflammation response, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and glial scar formation after injury. Activation or inhibition of relevant pathways can delay inflammatory response, reduce neuronal apoptosis, prevent glial scar formation, improve the microenvironment after SCI, and promote neural function recovery. Based on the role of signaling pathways in SCI, they may be potential targets for the treatment of SCI. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathway and its inhibitors may be beneficial to the development of SCI therapeutic targets and new drugs. This paper mainly summarizes the pathophysiological process of SCI, the signaling pathways involved in SCI pathogenesis, and the potential role of specific inhibitors/activators in its treatment. In addition, this review also discusses the deficiencies and defects of signaling pathways in SCI research. It is hoped that this study can provide reference for future research on signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of SCI and provide theoretical basis for SCI biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital,16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University),16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital,16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University),16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China.
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6
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Yang R, Zhang Y, Kang J, Zhang C, Ning B. Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans Revisited: Its Mechanism of Generation and Action for Spinal Cord Injury. Aging Dis 2024; 15:153-168. [PMID: 37307832 PMCID: PMC10796098 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes (RAs) produce chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in large quantities after spinal cord injury (SCI) and inhibit axon regeneration through the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway. However, the mechanism of producing CSPGs by RAs and their roles in other aspects are often overlooked. In recent years, novel generation mechanisms and functions of CSPGs have gradually emerged. Extracellular traps (ETs), a new recently discovered phenomenon in SCI, can promote secondary injury. ETs are released by neutrophils and microglia, which activate astrocytes to produce CSPGs after SCI. CSPGs inhibit axon regeneration and play an important role in regulating inflammation as well as cell migration and differentiation; some of these regulations are beneficial. The current review summarized the process of ET-activated RAs to generate CSPGs at the cellular signaling pathway level. Moreover, the roles of CSPGs in inhibiting axon regeneration, regulating inflammation, and regulating cell migration and differentiation were discussed. Finally, based on the above process, novel potential therapeutic targets were proposed to eliminate the adverse effects of CSPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianning Kang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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7
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Yoshida T, Tashiro S, Nagoshi N, Shinozaki M, Shibata T, Inoue M, Ogawa S, Shibata S, Tsuji T, Okano H, Nakamura M. Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration with Combined Therapy Comprising Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Transplantation, Rehabilitation, and Semaphorin 3A Inhibitor. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0378-23.2024. [PMID: 38262737 PMCID: PMC10866332 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0378-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in various long-term sequelae, and chronically injured spinal cords exhibit a refractory feature, showing a limited response to cell transplantation therapies. To our knowledge, no preclinical studies have reported a treatment approach with results surpassing those of treatment comprising rehabilitation alone. In this study of rats with SCI, we propose a novel combined therapy involving a semaphorin 3A inhibitor (Sema3Ai), which enhances axonal regeneration, as the third treatment element in combination with neural stem/progenitor cell transplantation and rehabilitation. This comprehensive therapeutic strategy achieved significant improvements in host-derived neuronal and oligodendrocyte differentiation at the SCI epicenter and promoted axonal regeneration even in the chronically injured spinal cord. The elongated axons established functional electrical connections, contributing to significant enhancements in locomotor mobility when compared with animals treated with transplantation and rehabilitation. As a result, our combined transplantation, Sema3Ai, and rehabilitation treatment have the potential to serve as a critical step forward for chronic SCI patients, improving their ability to regain motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshida
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Syoichi Tashiro
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Inoue
- Regenerative and Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Pharma, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shoji Ogawa
- Formulation Research & Development Laboratories, Sumitomo Pharma, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata-shi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsuji
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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8
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Ma CW, Wang ZQ, Ran R, Liao HY, Lyu JY, Ren Y, Lei ZY, Zhang HH. TGF-β signaling pathway in spinal cord injury: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25255. [PMID: 37814990 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling central nervous system injury with a complex pathological process, resulting in severe sensory and motor dysfunction. The current treatment modalities only alleviate its symptoms and cannot effectively intervene or treat its pathological process. Many studies have reported that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway plays an important role in neuronal differentiation, growth, survival, and axonal regeneration after central nervous system injury. Furthermore, the TGF-β signaling pathway has a vital regulatory role in SCI pathophysiology and neural regeneration. Following SCI, regulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway can suppress inflammation, reduce apoptosis, prevent glial scar formation, and promote neural regeneration. Due to its role in SCI, the TGF-β signaling pathway could be a potential therapeutic target. This article reported the pathophysiology of SCI, the characteristics of the TGF-β signaling pathway, the role of the TGF-β signaling pathway in SCI, and the latest evidence for targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway for treating SCI. In addition, the limitations and difficulties in TGF-β signaling pathway research in SCI are discussed, and solutions are provided to address these potential challenges. We hope this will provide a reference for the TGF-β signaling pathway and SCI research, offering a theoretical basis for targeted therapy of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Ran
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yang Liao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yang Lyu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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9
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Yin P, Liang W, Han B, Yang Y, Sun D, Qu X, Hai Y, Luo D. Hydrogel and Nanomedicine-Based Multimodal Therapeutic Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301173. [PMID: 37884459 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurodegenerative disease caused by mechanical and biological factors, manifesting as a loss of motor and sensory functions. Inhibition of injury expansion and even reversal of injury in the acute damage stage of SCI are important strategies for treating this disease. Hydrogels and nanoparticle (NP)-based drugs are the most effective, widely studied, and clinically valuable therapeutic strategies in the field of repair and regeneration. Hydrogels are 3D flow structures that fill the pathological gaps in SCI and provide a microenvironment similar to that of the spinal cord extracellular matrix for nerve cell regeneration. NP-based drugs can easily penetrate the blood-spinal cord barrier, target SCI lesions, and are noninvasive. Hydrogels and NPs as drug carriers can be loaded with various drugs and biological therapeutic factors for slow release in SCI lesions. They help drugs function more efficiently by exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and nerve regeneration effects to promote the recovery of neurological function. In this review, the use of hydrogels and NPs as drug carriers and the role of both in the repair of SCI are discussed to provide a multimodal strategic reference for nerve repair and regeneration after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Weishi Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Duan Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xianjun Qu
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research & Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury in Spinal Deformity, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Clinical Center for Spinal Deformity, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
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Jiang T, Li S, Xu B, Liu K, Qiu T, Dai H. IKVAV peptide-containing hydrogel decreases fibrous scar after spinal cord injury by inhibiting fibroblast migration and activation. Behav Brain Res 2023; 455:114683. [PMID: 37751807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous scar is one of the major factors that hinder functional recovery in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Studies have shown that the laminin α1 peptide chain ile-les-val-ala-Val (IKVAV) promoted axonal growth and motor function recovery in rats after SCI. However, whether IKVAV could ameliorate SCI via reducing the formation of fibrous scar was not clear. A SCI model was constructed by transecting the rat spinal cord with a scalpel and implanting poly (N-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide) (PNIPAM)-b-poly (AC-PEG-COOH) (PNPP) or PNIPAM-b-poly (AC-PEG-IKVAV) (PNPP-IKVAV) hydrogel. 14 days later hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess the effect of PNPP-IKVAV on scar formation. The effect of PNPP-IKVAV on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was investigated by immunohistochemical staining. NIH-3T3 cells were used for in vitro scratching experiments and a transforming growth factor 1 (TGF-β1) activation model was constructed to assess the role of PNPP-IKVAV. In this study, PNPP-IKVAV inhibited fibroblast migration and suppressed TGF-β1 activation and ER stress (ERS) to reduce the extracellular matrix secretion by fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shitong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Benchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Institut WUT-AWU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Institut WUT-AWU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Honglian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan 528200, China.
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11
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Xu T, Xu X, Liu D, Chang D, Li S, Sun Y, Xie J, Ju S. Visual Investigation of Tumor-Promoting Fibronectin Potentiated by Obesity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Using an MR/NIRF Dual-Modality Dendrimer Nanoprobe. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300787. [PMID: 37057680 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease characterized by dense stroma. Obesity is an important metabolic factor that greatly increases PDAC risk and mortality, worsens progression and leads to poor chemotherapeutic outcomes. With omics analysis, magnetic resonance and near-infrared fluorescence (MR/NIRF) dual-modality imaging and molecular functional verification, obesity as an important risk factor is proved to modulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) components and enhance Fibronectin (FN) infiltration in the PDAC stroma, that promotes tumor progression and worsens response to chemotherapy by reducing drug delivery. In the study, to visually evaluate FN in vivo and guide PDAC therapy, an FN-targeted nanoprobe, NP-CREKA, is synthesized by conjugating gadolinium chelates, NIR797 and fluorescein isothiocyanate to a polyamidoamine dendrimer functionalized with targeting peptides. A dual-modality strategy combining MR and NIRF imaging is applied, allowing effective visualization of FN in orthotopic PDAC with high spatial resolution, ideal sensitivity and excellent penetrability, especially in obese mice. In conclusion, the findings provide new insights into the potential of FN as an ideal target for therapeutic evaluation and improving treatment efficacy in PDAC, hopefully improving the specific management of PDAC in lean and obese hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Di Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yeyao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jinbing Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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12
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Alves-Silva JM, Pedreiro S, Cruz MT, Salgueiro L, Figueirinha A. Exploring the Traditional Uses of Thymbra capitata Infusion in Algarve (Portugal): Anti-Inflammatory, Wound Healing, and Anti-Aging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1202. [PMID: 37765010 PMCID: PMC10538188 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the resolution of infection or tissue damage. In addition, inflammation is considered a hallmark of aging, which in turn compromises wound healing. Thymbra capitata is an aromatic plant, whose infusion is traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory and wound-healing agent. In this study, a T. capitata infusion was prepared and characterized by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn and its safety profile determined by the resazurin metabolic assay. The anti-inflammatory potential was revealed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages by assessing nitric oxide (NO) release and levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the interleukin-1β pro-form (pro-IL-1β). Wound-healing capacity was determined using the scratch assay. The activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase was used to unveil the anti-senescent potential, along with the nuclear accumulation of yH2AX and p21 levels. The antiradical potential was assessed by DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays. The infusion contains predominantly rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acids. The extract decreased NO, iNOS, and pro-IL-1β levels. Interestingly, the extract promoted wound healing and decreased β-galactosidase activity, as well as yH2AX and p21 levels. The present work highlights strong antiradical, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing capacities, corroborating the traditional uses ascribed to this plant. We have described, for the first time for this extract, anti-senescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Miguel Alves-Silva
- Univ Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.T.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Sónia Pedreiro
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.T.C.); (A.F.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.T.C.); (A.F.)
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.T.C.); (A.F.)
- Univ Coimbra, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (M.T.C.); (A.F.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Zhang X, Su J, Lin J, Liu L, Wu J, Yuan W, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Su ZJ, Xu G, Sun M, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhang W. Fu-Zheng-Tong-Luo formula promotes autophagy and alleviates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by controlling the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116633. [PMID: 37207878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fu-Zheng-Tong-Luo (FZTL) formula is a Chinese herbal prescription which is used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We previously reported that the FZTL formula could improve IPF injury in rats; however, the mechanism remains unelucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the effects and mechanisms of the FZTL formula on IPF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model and transforming growth factor-β-induced lung fibroblast model were used. Histological changes and fibrosis formation were detected in the rat model after treatment with the FZTL formula. Furthermore, the effects of the FZTL formula on autophagy and lung fibroblast activation were determined. Moreover, the mechanism of FZTL was explored using transcriptomics analysis. RESULTS We observed that FZTL alleviated IPF injury in rats and inhibited inflammatory responses and fibrosis formation in rats. Moreover, it promoted autophagy and inhibited lung fibroblast activation in vitro. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that FZTL regulates the Janus kinase 2 (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT) signaling pathway. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling activator interleukin 6 inhibited the anti-fibroblast activation effect of the FZTL formula. Combined treatment with the JAK2 inhibitor (AZD1480) and autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) did not enhance the antifibrotic effect of FZTL. CONCLUSIONS The FZTL formula can inhibit IPF injury and lung fibroblast activation. Its effects are mediated via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The FZTL formula may be a potential complementary therapy for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- Central Laboratory, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lujiong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenli Yuan
- Department of Nephrology Diseases, YueYang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yibao Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zi Jian Su
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guihua Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yile Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Alves-Silva JM, Pedreiro S, Cavaleiro C, Cruz MT, Figueirinha A, Salgueiro L. Effect of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. on Inflammation, Senescence and Cell Migration. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081930. [PMID: 37111149 PMCID: PMC10146686 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic plants are reported to display pharmacological properties, including anti-aging. This work aims to disclose the anti-aging effect of the essential oil (EO) of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav., an aromatic and medicinal plant widely used as a spice, as well as of the hydrodistillation residual water (HRW), a discarded by-product of EO hydrodistillation. The phytochemical characterization of EO and HRW was assessed by GC-MS and HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn, respectively. The DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays were used to disclose the antioxidant properties. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages by assessing NO production, iNOS, and pro-IL-1β protein levels. Cell migration was evaluated using the scratch wound assay, and the etoposide-induced senescence was used to assess the modulation of senescence. The EO is mainly characterized by carvacrol, while the HRW is predominantly characterized by rosmarinic acid. The HRW exerts a stronger antioxidant effect in the DPPH and FRAP assays, whereas the EO was the most active sample in the ABTS assay. Both extracts reduce NO, iNOS, and pro-IL-1β. The EO has no effect on cell migration and presents anti-senescence effects. In opposition, HRW reduces cell migration and induces cellular senescence. Overall, our study highlights interesting pharmacological properties for both extracts, EO being of interest as an anti-aging ingredient and HRW relevant in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Alves-Silva
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Pedreiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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