1
|
Gosadi IM. Body weight modification experience among adolescents from Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1323660. [PMID: 38706541 PMCID: PMC11066232 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1323660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood malnutrition is a public health issue in developing countries, leading to a double burden of malnutrition, which is associated with both overweight and underweight. Objective To assess body weight satisfaction and perception as well as body weight modification experiences, among adolescents from Saudi Arabia. Method This study utilized a cross-sectional design targeting adolescents who attempted to modify their body weight. A questionnaire was constructed to measure their demographics, body weight satisfaction and perception, and experience concerning their weight modification attempts. The chi-square test was used to assess the association between the ability to modify weight and maintain the modification according to the ability to set an appropriate weight target based on the age and height of the adolescents, method of weight modification, and receipt of support to modify weight. Results A total of 285 adolescents were recruited. More than half of the sample were female (58%); most respondents were secondary school students (73%). Nearly 45% had abnormal body weight where 12.6% were underweight, and 32.3% were overweight or obese. Most of the recruited sample were unsatisfied with their body weight (63%). Although 52% of the adolescents had a normal BMI, only 35% perceived their body weight as normal. Nearly 75% of the sample were able to modify their body weight. However, a smaller proportion were able to maintain the modification they achieved. The most frequently selected body weight modification method was dieting (83%), followed by exercise (69%). Only 40 adolescents (14%) reported consulting a physician regarding their body weight modification attempts. The most frequently reported source of support for weight modification was the family (51%), while the lowest frequency of support was reported concerning schools' contribution (29%). Upon assessing factors associated with the ability to modify weight or maintain the modification, a higher frequency of adolescents who indicated they employed dieting behavior were able to maintain the modification compared to other weight modification practices (p < 0.05). Conclusion The findings highlight the importance of collaboration between families, schools, and healthcare services to improve adolescent body image and ensure the adoption of healthy body weight modification practices among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M. Gosadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gosadi IM, Abualgasem MM, Sultan YA, Bakri MY, Ageeli AM, Kaal AA, Khmees RA. Body Mass Index Profile and Its Association with Social Determinants Among Adolescents from Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:6151-6162. [PMID: 38162687 PMCID: PMC10757799 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s442898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Assess adolescents' body mass index (BMI) profile and the association between BMI category and social determinants. Methods This cross-sectional study targeted adolescents aged between 12 and 19 from Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected via an online self-administered questionnaire during 2023. The tailored questionnaire measured items related to student demographics, their history of diagnosed chronic conditions, their familial history of chronic diseases, and their eating behavior. A standard chi-square test investigated the relationship between BMI category and social determinants. Results Five hundred and seventy students completed the study's questionnaire. The mean age of the sample was 16 (SD: 1.9), and most of the respondents were female (60%). Among the recruited sample, 107 students (20%) are categorized as underweight, while 121 students (22%) are classified as either overweight or obese according to their age. The respondents' eating behavior indicated that the most frequently consumed meal was dinner, and the majority skipped breakfast some days of the week. Nearly one-third of the sample exhibited emotional eating. Low consumption of healthier food options, such as fruits, vegetables, low-fat products, and whole grain products among the adolescents was noted. An assessment of BMI level distribution among the respondents according to their demographic characteristics indicated a higher frequency of overweight and obesity among male adolescents, students in the secondary level, students living with a lower number of siblings, and students with a parental history of diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia (p values < 0.05). Conclusion A high frequency of BMI abnormality among adolescents was detected. Dietary behavior among the respondents suggests the presence of several unhealthy behaviors. The results of the current study detected an important influence of the family on weight status among these adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Gosadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yasser A Sultan
- Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Y Bakri
- Prince Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Ageeli
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Kaal
- Department of Radiology, King Fahd Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rola A Khmees
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carmichael AE, Lennon NH, Qualters JR. Analysis of social determinants of health and individual factors found in health equity frameworks: Applications to injury research. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2023; 87:508-518. [PMID: 38081722 PMCID: PMC10775896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This research evaluated existing health equity frameworks as they relate to social determinants of health (SDOHs) and individual factors that may impact injury outcomes and identify gaps in coverage using the Healthy People (HP) 2030 key domains. METHODS The study used a list of health equity frameworks sourced from previous literature. SDOHs and individual factors from each framework were identified and categorized into the Healthy People 2030 domains. Five injury topic areas were used as examples for how SDOHs and individual factors can be compared to injury topic-specific health disparities to identify health equity frameworks to apply to injury research. RESULTS The study identified 59 SDOHs and individual factors from the list of 33 health equity frameworks. The number of SDOHs and individual factors identified varied by Healthy People 2030 domain: Neighborhood and Built Environment contained 16 (27.1%) SDOHs and individual actors, Social and Community Context contained 22 (37.3%), Economic Stability contained 10 (16.9%), Healthcare Access and Quality contained 10 (16.9%), and Education Access and Quality contained one (1.7%). Twenty-three (39.0%) SDOHs/individual factors related to traumatic brain injury, thirteen (22.0%) related to motor vehicle crashes and suicide, 11 (18.6%) related to drowning and older adult falls. Eight frameworks (24.2%) covered all HP 2030 key domains and may be applicable to injury topics. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating health equity into research is critical. Health equity frameworks can provide a way to systematically incorporate health equity into research. The findings from this study may be useful to health equity research by providing a resource to injury and other public health fields. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Health equity frameworks are a practical tool to guide injury research, translation, evaluation, and program implementation. The findings from this study can be used to guide the application of health equity frameworks in injury research for specific topic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Carmichael
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Natalie H Lennon
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Judith R Qualters
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alhamed A, Al-Zeer A, Alsaawi F, Alshaikh A, Alzaher A, Alkattan A, Alrasheed N, Sagor K, Alsalem E, Ibrahim M, Alfaleh A. The shifting patterns of childhood obesity: Insights from national school screening data. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101862. [PMID: 38028221 PMCID: PMC10661595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent reports indicated an increasing prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia, making it an impending national epidemic. However, obesity prevalence data in children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia are largely inconsistent. Objectives This study analyzed and compared the prevalence of obesity among a national sample of children and adolescents across sexes, school grades, regions, and city types in Saudi Arabia using the Growth Charts for Saudi Children and Adolescents. Methods Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) data from 1 134 317 children in first, fourth, seventh, and tenth school grades who participated in the national school screening program were analyzed cross-sectionally. BMI values were classified using the Growth Charts for Saudi Children and Adolescents. Results Nearly 10.4% of students were overweight, 10.7 % were obese, and 4.50% were severely obese. Male students had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than their female counterparts. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was the highest among students in intermediate school, the Central region, and administrative capitals. Conclusion Managing childhood obesity is challenging due to its multifaceted nature Therefore, utilizing clinical and community-based participatory approaches is essential to develop nationwide obesity prevention and management program that is effective and sustainable. This program must utilize dynamic BMI surveillance systems using ethnically representative growth references, conduct national pediatric obesity research with careful consideration for demographic and regional differences, lead targeted pediatric obesity awareness campaigns, provide obesity management interventions in a pediatric multi-disciplinary clinic, and evaluate the program outcomes periodically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Alhamed
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Zeer
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Lean Business Solutions, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrahman Alshaikh
- Lean Business Solutions, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Alzaher
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alkattan
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Alrasheed
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khlood Sagor
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Alsalem
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Ibrahim
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Community, Environment and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Amjad Alfaleh
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alanazi RH, Hussain MA, Alanazi RH, Alanazi SR, Alanazi RMK, Fawzy MS. Prevalence and Awareness of Obesity and Bariatric Surgeries in the Northern Borders Region, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e50261. [PMID: 38196425 PMCID: PMC10775188 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is a complex health issue affecting millions worldwide, characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, often leading to various health complications. Bariatric surgeries are effective interventions for severe obesity, assisting patients in attaining substantial weight reduction and enhancing their overall well-being. This study aimed to assess obesity patterns and bariatric surgery prevalence in the Northern Borders region of Saudi Arabia to increase community knowledge and awareness about obesity and bariatric surgery. Methods This cross-sectional study included 386 residents in the Northern Borders region, Saudi Arabia. The participants completed a previously validated self-administered electronic questionnaire, and the confidentiality of the collected data was ensured. Results Nearly 58.3% of the participants (31-40 years), with a predominance of females, had a body mass index (BMI) >30, and 33.7% had undergone bariatric surgery. Most participants (92.5%) were aware that obesity is associated with significant medical issues, 98.2% appreciated that there is a surgical method to reduce weight, and 58.8% indicated that the procedure was not safe. Additionally, the majority of the respondents (57.0%) were not sure about the complications of weight-loss surgeries, and only 28.0% knew that surgeries for obesity and their complications may lead to death. Significant associations were found between age, education level, and BMI concerning the knowledge of obesity/bariatric surgery (p=0.003, 0.001, 0.002), respectively. However, gender and work status did not show such associations (p> 0.05). Conclusion Our study highlighted a lack of knowledge among the community regarding the safety, potential complications, and survival outcomes associated with obesity and bariatric surgery that could be due to ignorance and reluctance to pursue bariatric surgery to overcome morbid obesity. Significantly, the study found a relationship between age, education level, BMI, and knowledge of obesity and bariatric surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Malik A Hussain
- Department of Surgery, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
| | | | - Saja R Alanazi
- College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
| | | | - Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
- Unit of Medical Research and Graduate Studies, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gosadi IM. Assessment of School Contributions to Healthy Eating, Physical Activity Education, and Support for Weight-Loss Attempts among Adolescents from Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Nutrients 2023; 15:4688. [PMID: 37960341 PMCID: PMC10650471 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the contribution of schools in Saudi Arabia towards the provision of education and support concerning weight management among adolescents. It also identifies adolescents who have attempted to lose weight and examines their preferred weight-loss methods and their sources of weight-loss support. This study is a cross-sectional investigation that targets adolescents in intermediate and secondary schools in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected via a self-administered questionnaire that looked at the involvement of the school in the provision of education pertaining to weight control and the weight-loss experiences of students who had attempted to lose weight. The study involved 501 adolescents, 45% of whom had attempted to lose weight, where the most common methods for weight loss being reducing food consumption (77%), exercising (75%), and fasting (49%). The assessment of the schools' contributions indicated its suboptimal role in the provision of education concerning physical activity compared to education about eating habits. The most commonly reported sources of weight-loss support were the students' families (54%), followed by community facilities (44%). The least common sources were the students' schools (24%). These findings indicate that schools need to enhance their contribution to encouraging adolescents to adopt a healthy lifestyle, while also ensuring multi-sectorial collaboration with families and community members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Gosadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 82621, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim Y, Lee H, Lee H, Lee M, Kim S, Konlan KD. Social determinants of health of racial and ethnic minority adolescents: An integrative literature review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20738. [PMID: 37916096 PMCID: PMC10616148 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integration of adolescents with diverse cultural backgrounds into the country of residence is associated with some form of rejection and discrimination, predisposing them to undesirable health outcomes. In this regard, the aim of this study was to identify the social determinants of the health of racial and ethnic minority adolescents. In this integrative literature review, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases were searched from 2016 to 2021 and studies were selected according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Health status was limited to health outcomes according to the definition proposed by the World Health Organization and Healthy People 2020. The social determinants of health were classified according to the research framework of the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities. Six types of health status were identified: self-rated health, obesity and overweight, global self-worth, emotional well-being, anthropometric measurement, and psychosocial adjustment. The social determinants of health were at the individual and interpersonal level, and the domains included the biological (gender, illness experience), psychological (acculturative stress), and sociocultural environment (e.g., socioeconomic status, parents' educational level, household death due to violence). Therefore, future research must prioritize their sociocultural environments to reduce the negative impact of discrimination and sociocultural and structural differences on racial and ethnic minority adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youlim Kim
- College of Nursing, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyeonkyeong Lee
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeyeon Lee
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mikyung Lee
- Department of Nursing, Seojeong University, Yangju, South Korea
| | - Sookyung Kim
- School of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Kennedy Diema Konlan
- Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
AlAteeq MA, AlHusaini A, AlMalahi A, AlOtay F, AlTurki A, Alghafis A. Glucose and Lipid Profiles of Overweight and Obese Children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e38902. [PMID: 37313072 PMCID: PMC10259743 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a prevalent issue worldwide, affecting both children and adults and posing significant health risks. Obesity and overweight are known to be associated with metabolic abnormalities among children and adolescents. This study aims to determine the metabolic profiles, identifying any abnormalities and related factors among overweight and obese children in Saudi Arabia (SA). METHODS This study conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical analysis on 382 overweight and obese children between the ages of seven and 14 years. The subjects were visitors to pediatric endocrinology clinics and primary healthcare clinics in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data from the electronic medical records between 2018 and 2020 were examined, focusing on total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and fasting blood sugar (FBS). RESULTS Among the study sample, 8% were found to have high TC, 19% had high LDL-C, 27% had low HDL-C, 12% had high TG, and 8% had high FBS. Overweight children had higher HDL levels, while obese children had higher TG levels. There was no significant difference between males and females or between different age groups in metabolic profiles. CONCLUSION This study uncovered a low prevalence of abnormal lipid and FBS profiles among overweight and obese children and adolescents. Detecting and managing the early onset of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia can prevent long-term consequences and safeguard children from the risk of future cardiovascular injuries and deaths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A AlAteeq
- Family Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - AbdulAziz AlHusaini
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - AbdulAziz AlMalahi
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Faisal AlOtay
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Azzam AlTurki
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - AbdulAziz Alghafis
- Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Al-Mohaidly MT, Al-Asmari AK, Khan HA, Alshngeetee AS, Khan I, Al-Asmari YA, Al-Hussain GO, Alsalem SS, Khan A, Babtain AM, Aljorfi EA, Alshumiesy HA, Aluraifej MA. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for obesity treatment in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:158. [PMID: 37093297 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of obesity has been increasing in younger population, posing a significant impact on adolescents' life and health care system worldwide. METHODS We critically analyzed the existing literature on the use of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) for the treatment of obesity. We performed an in-depth evaluation of 37 studies and analyzed the effect of LSG in 2300 patients, aged ≤ 22 years. RESULTS Mean body mass index (BMI) loss after LSG was 17.81 kg/m2. Gastroesophageal reflux was the most common complication. Most of the patients showed remission of comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, and obstructive sleep apnea after LSG. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that surgical intervention is highly beneficial for reducing BMI in appropriately selected adolescents and young adults suffering from obesity and comorbidities such as life-threatening obstructive sleep apnea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed T Al-Mohaidly
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, 11159, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman K Al-Asmari
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haseeb A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayshah S Alshngeetee
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isra Khan
- Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly, 243006, India
| | - Yaser A Al-Asmari
- Shaqra General Hospital, Ministry of Health (MOH), Shaqra, 15562, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah O Al-Hussain
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah S Alsalem
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayaat Khan
- Intigeral Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Aishah M Babtain
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtihaj A Aljorfi
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend A Alshumiesy
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael A Aluraifej
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wahabi H, Fayed AA, Shata Z, Esmaeil S, Alzeidan R, Saeed E, Amer Y, Titi M, Bahkali K, Hneiny L. The Impact of Age, Gender, Temporality, and Geographical Region on the Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight in Saudi Arabia: Scope of Evidence. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081143. [PMID: 37107976 PMCID: PMC10137821 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this scoping review are to estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the Saudi community and in different age groups, genders, and geographical location, in addition to the change in prevalence over time. METHODS This scoping review of evidence was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The population of this review was categorized into four age groups: young adults (18-25 years), adults (26-45), (mid-life adults) (46-60) and old people (60+). Each group was then categorized by gender into males and females. We included studies of adults aged 18 years and above. The pooled prevalence of obesity and overweight of the population, based on BMI, was estimated after stratification based on the age, gender, and geographical area. In addition, the change in the prevalence of obesity/overweight over time from 2011 to 2021 was investigated from the pooled data. The Metaprop program in Stata was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 39 studies with 640,952 participants were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of obesity and overweight in the age group of ≤25 years old, including both genders, was 30%. However, it was higher in young males (40%) compared to young females (25%). The prevalence of obesity and overweight among young adults has dropped by over 40% between 2012 and 2021. The overall pooled prevalence rate of obesity and overweight in the age groups >25 years old (adults, mid-life, and old people), including both genders, was 66%, with similar prevalence among males (68%) and females (71%). In addition, a similar prevalence was observed among both adult and old people (62% and 65%, respectively), but was higher in the mid-life group (76%). Furthermore, mid-life women had the highest prevalence among all groups (87%), compared to 77% among males in the same age group. The same difference in prevalence between the gender persisted in older females compared to older males (79% vs. 65%, respectively). There is a noticeable drop in the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults > 25 years old of over 28% between 2011 and 2021. There was no difference in the prevalence of obesity/overweight by geographical region. CONCLUSIONS Despite the noticeable drop in the prevalence of obesity in the Saudi community, the prevalence of high BMI is high in Saudi Arabia irrespective of age, gender, or geographical location. Mid-life women have the highest prevalence of high BMI, which makes them the focus of a tailored strategy for intervention. Further research is needed to investigate which are the most effective interventions to address obesity in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayfaa Wahabi
- Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amel A Fayed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab Shata
- High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Samia Esmaeil
- Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasmieh Alzeidan
- College of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elshazaly Saeed
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Abdullah Bin Khaled Coeliac Disease Research Chair, Pediatric Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Amer
- Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Corporate Quality Management Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher Titi
- Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Corporate Quality Management Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawater Bahkali
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Department of Public Health Intelligence, Public Health Authority, Riyadh 11614, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layal Hneiny
- Wegner Health Sciences Library, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57069, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Essential Minerals and Metabolic Adaptation of Immune Cells. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010123. [PMID: 36615781 PMCID: PMC9824256 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyles deviated considerably from the ancestral routines towards major shifts in diets and increased sedentarism. The trace elements status of the human body is no longer adequately supported by micronutrient-inferior farmed meats and crop commodities produced by the existing agricultural food systems. This is particular evident in the increased obesogenic adipogenesis and low-grade inflammation that fails to resolve with time. The metabolically restrictive environment of the inflamed tissues drives activation and proliferation of transient and resident populations of immune cells in favor of pro-inflammatory phenotypes, as well as a part of the enhanced autoimmune response. As different stages of the immune activation and resolution depend on the availability of specific minerals to maintain the structural integrity of skin and mucus membranes, activation and migration of immune cells, activation of the complement system, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, this review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the contribution of select minerals in optimizing the responses of innate and adaptive immune outcomes. An abbreviated view on the absorption, transport, and delivery of minerals to the body tissues as related to metabolic adaptation is considered.
Collapse
|
12
|
Almutairi N, Burns S, Portsmouth L. Barriers and enablers to the implementation of school-based obesity prevention strategies in Jeddah, KSA. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2022; 17:2135197. [PMID: 36263729 PMCID: PMC9590444 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2135197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite schools' recognised role in mitigating childhood overweight, many schools fail to implement physical activity or nutrition strategies. The current study explored
the enablers and barriers to implementing obesity prevention strategies in
Jeddah, KSA. Methods This research is based on 14 semi-structured interviews with intermediate school principals and sports teachers to gain insight into their perception of barriers and enablers to implementing obesity prevention strategies. Themes were deductively generated from the data. Results Participants estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity among their students to be between 3 and 15% with an increasing trend, particularly among female students. Participants identified five categories of barriers to implementation of obesity prevention intervention: curriculum; schools strategies promoting healthy weight; lack of resources; student’s lifstyle; and a lack of teachers in nutrition and sports. School regulations, staff and sufficient resources were the most frequently reported enablers. Participants also identified food services, awareness, and partnerships as barriers and enablers. Conclusion There is a need for better infrastructure and financial support for schools and professional development opportunities for teachers from the Saudi Ministry of Education. The Ministry also needs to support the development of multilevel health promotion strategies at school and home and reach out to the broader community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naif Almutairi
- School of Population Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Australia,Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences at Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Leith, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,CONTACT Naif Almutairi ; School of Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth6845, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Australia,Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Linda Portsmouth
- School of Population Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Australia,Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lennon NH, Carmichael AE, Qualters JR. Health equity guiding frameworks and indices in injury: A review of the literature. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2022; 82:469-481. [PMID: 36031278 PMCID: PMC10569058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In early 2021, CDC released the CORE Health Equity Strategy, which resolves to integrate a comprehensive health equity approach to the work of the Agency. One priority of the Injury Center's Division of Injury Prevention is to move health equity research in injury forward. The purpose of this research is to perform an initial exploration of health equity guiding frameworks and indices to better understand which of these has been applied to injury research topics. METHODS A PubMed and CINAHL search of meta-analysis and systematic review articles was conducted from January 1998 through April 2022. Articles of any type and additional frameworks/indices were also identified from staff knowledge of the literature. Books were also considered, where accessible. The following areas were reviewed for each resource: population addressed, guiding framework/index, other health equity variables, gaps identified, and whether the articles addressed an injury topic. FINDINGS The PubMed/CINAHL search produced 230 articles, and an additional 29 articles and 8 books were added from previous knowledge of the literature, resulting in a total of 267 resources for review. There were 60 frameworks/indices compiled that were relevant to health equity. Out of all the resources, three reported on an injury topic and used the PROGRESS-Plus framework, the WHO Social Determinants of Health Conceptual Framework, and a social-ecological framework. CONCLUSIONS This study found there were many frameworks/indices for measuring health equity; however, there were few injury-related meta-analysis and systematic review articles. Some frameworks/indices may be more appropriate than others for measuring health equity in injury topic areas, depending on which social determinants of health (SDOHs) they address. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Measuring health equity in injury and other public health research areas can help build a foundation of evidence. Moving forward, injury researchers can consider the frameworks/indices identified through this study in their health equity injury research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie H Lennon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Injury Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA; Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), Division of Injury Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
| | - Andrea E Carmichael
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Injury Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Judith R Qualters
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Injury Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Exposure to Food Marketing via Social Media and Obesity among University Students in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105851. [PMID: 35627389 PMCID: PMC9140748 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the associations between obesity and unhealthy food/drink intake with both the frequency of social media platform usage and food/drink marketing exposure on social media. Data were obtained from 316 university students aged 18−29 years at two universities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. These participants completed online questionnaires with sections on demographics, anthropometric measurements, social media platform usage, food marketing exposure via social media, and unhealthy food consumption. All of the participants, 20.3% and 13.6% were overweight and obese, respectively. Snapchat was the most popular application (85.8%), followed by Instagram (75%), YouTube (61%), Twitter (51%), and TikTok (50%). The obese participants were more likely to purchase foods/drinks after watching relevant social media advertisements than their non-obese counterparts (p < 0.04). Moreover, those who purchased foods/drinks more frequently after watching such advertisements consumed higher amounts of potato chips (p < 0.01) and fast foods (p < 0.03). Finally, those who used Snapchat, TikTok, and Instagram tended to have higher consumption rates for potato chips (p < 0.02), fast foods (p < 0.01), sweets (p < 0.02), and sugary drinks (p < 0.04). Public health policymakers in Saudi Arabia should consider regulating unhealthy food and drink advertisements on social media platforms, especially those targeted at younger generations.
Collapse
|
15
|
Elmaghraby DA, Al-Bassri ZK, AlTuraiki ZA, Alsaleh JA, Alzuwayyid LS, Albanyan NA, Almulhim AS. Assessment of Saudi Women's Adherence and Experience with Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis after Cesarean Section Delivery Using Telemedicine Technology. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:8440789. [PMID: 35321355 PMCID: PMC8938084 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8440789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Telemedicine technology is widely used especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. It can be used to give medical advice as well as follow up with the patients at home in the outpatient setting. Low molecular weight heparin, such as enoxaparin, decreases the risk of venous thromboembolism after cesarean delivery. Objective assessing postcesarean women's adherence and experience to enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis regimens in the outpatient setting via telephone calls. Methods prospective cohort study was conducted in the Maternity and Children Hospital (MCH). Postcesarean women were interviewed at the postnatal ward in the MCH. The participants were followed up for 10 days of the delivery to assess their adherence to and experience with enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis. Suboptimal adherence was defined as the missing of one or more doses of enoxaparin. Results 170 women participated in this study. The majority of them (78.8%) were fully adherent to enoxaparin while 21.2% missed at least one dose. The most-reported causes for suboptimal adherence were perceived lack of necessity (44.4%), forget to take the injection (30.6%), feeling of high load going to the primary care unit to take injection (27.8%), and fear of injection (11.1%). Conclusion Telemedicine technology could be used to assess patients' adherence. The study results showed that the majority of participants were fully adherent to postcesarean enoxaparin but more than 20% of the participants were suboptimal adherent. Proper patient education techniques could influence patients' adherence and potentially decrease the risk of DVT in those populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ahmed Elmaghraby
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakiah Khalid Al-Bassri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Ahmed AlTuraiki
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinan Adnan Alsaleh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifah Saleh Alzuwayyid
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Abdulmohsen Albanyan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Saleh Almulhim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Al Shehri HA, Al Asmari AK, Khan HA, Al Omani S, Kadasah SG, Horaib GB, Al Buraidi A, Al Sharif AA, Mohammed FS, Abbasmanthiri R, Osman NM. Association between preventable risk factors and metabolic syndrome. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:341-352. [PMID: 35415246 PMCID: PMC8862783 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (Met-S) including hypertension, hyperglycemia, central obesity, and dyslipidemia are preventable, particularly at their early stage. There are limited data available on the association between Met-S and preventable risk factors in young adults. We randomly selected 2,010 Saudis aged 18-30 years, who applied to be recruited in military colleges. All the procedures followed the guidelines of International Diabetes Federation. The results showed that out of 2,010 subjects, 4088 were affected with Met-S. The commonest risk factors were high blood sugar (63.6%), high systolic and diastolic blood pressures (63.3 and 37.3%), and high body mass index (57.5%). The prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes were 55.2 and 8.4%, respectively. Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia were significantly associated with Met-S. The frequency of smoking was significantly linked with the development of Met-S. The prevalence of Met-S was found to be significantly higher in individuals with sedentary lifestyle. In conclusion, the results of this study clearly indicate that military recruits, who represent healthy young adults, are also prone to Met-S. The findings of this study will help in designing preventive measures as well as public awareness programs for controlling the high prevalence of Met-S in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamoud A. Al Shehri
- Medical Service Department (MSD), Adult Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Ministry of Defence, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman K. Al Asmari
- Medical Service Department (MSD), Scientific Research Center, Ministry of Defence, P.O. Box: 22454, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Al Omani
- Department of Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed G. Kadasah
- Department of Psychiatry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaleb B. Horaib
- Dermatology Department, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al Buraidi
- Department of ENT, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Al Sharif
- Department of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez S. Mohammed
- Department of Radiology, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Science, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajamohamed Abbasmanthiri
- Medical Service Department (MSD), Scientific Research Center, Ministry of Defence, P.O. Box: 22454, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasreddien M. Osman
- Medical Service Department (MSD), Scientific Research Center, Ministry of Defence, P.O. Box: 22454, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tedla JS, Sangadala DR, Reddy RS, Gular K, Kakaraparthi VN, Samuel PS. Lower extremity muscle strength reference values for young Saudi male adults aged 21 to 23 years and their correlation with anthropometric parameters and balance. Facets (Ott) 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Normative reference values for muscle strength are needed for muscle strength assessment and estimation of prognosis in lower extremity related neuromuscular disorders, as muscle strength influenced by anthropometric parameters and muscle strength itself affects balance. Normative reference values for muscle strength in the Saudi Arabian population is lacking in the literature. Hence, the current study aimed to establish normative reference values for lower extremity muscle strength and to correlate these values with anthropometric parameters and balance. Lower extremity muscle strength and balance were assessed by baseline hand-held dynamometer and by forward, lateral, and oblique direction reach tests in 421 young male adults between 21 and 23 years of age. The mean and standard deviation of lower extremity strength ranged from 43.83 ± 16.92 lb to 62.07 ± 10.74 lb. Body weight, body mass index, and oblique and lateral reach distances were correlated with some knee and ankle muscle strength values. Body weight, body mass index, and balance showed significant effect on lower extremity muscle strength. Furthermore, decreased muscle strength may impair balance; the current clinical practice should evaluate body weight, body mass index, and muscle strength during the assessment process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Shanker Tedla
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Devika Rani Sangadala
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravi Shankar Reddy
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumar Gular
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Silvian Samuel
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Albaker W, Al Sheikh M, Albakr A, Alkhafaji D, Al Besher E, Al-Hariri M. The Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide 3.0 mg for Weight Management in Obese Non-Diabetic Saudi Outpatients. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8643-8650. [PMID: 34849008 PMCID: PMC8627262 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s336904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unmanaged cases of obesity might lead to serious conditions and complications, which impair patients' lives. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of daily 3 mg subcutaneous (s/c) Liraglutide amongst obese non-diabetic patients in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of obese non-diabetic Saudi patients with obesity managed with s/c Liraglutide 3.0 mg who visited the outpatient clinic in Al Mashfa Hospital, Al Khobar, KSA during 2019-2021. We collected patient data from the electronic reporting system for different parameters. Body weight, hemoglobin A1c %, systolic and diastolic blood pressure mmHg were obtained at baseline and after the intervention. RESULTS Records of 258 patients who were using a daily dose of Liraglutide 3.0 mg s/c for at least four months have been reviewed. The body weight loss of patients who used Liraglutide for four months was 8.1±0.8 kg. Moreover, around 204 patients continued for up to six months. Meanwhile, the mean body weight loss was 13 kg. There was a significant reduction of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) % by 0.43%. The majority of patients (94.5%) reported satisfaction with the treatment, while adverse events were mainly nausea, vomiting and constipation. CONCLUSION Daily s/c Liraglutide of 3.0 mg is effective in producing significant body weight reduction in obese non-diabetic Saudi patients with tolerable minimal side effects and may provide health benefits in terms of reduced risk of obesity and its related outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Albaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Al Sheikh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah Albakr
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dania Alkhafaji
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Al Besher
- Department of Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|