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Bogoni JA, Peres CA, Navarro AB, Carvalho-Rocha V, Galetti M. Using historical habitat loss to predict contemporary mammal extirpations in Neotropical forests. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14245. [PMID: 38456548 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding which species will be extirpated in the aftermath of large-scale human disturbance is critical to mitigating biodiversity loss, particularly in hyperdiverse tropical biomes. Deforestation is the strongest driver of contemporary local extinctions in tropical forests but may occur at different tempos. The 2 most extensive tropical forest biomes in South America-the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon-have experienced historically divergent pathways of habitat loss and biodiversity decay, providing a unique case study to investigate rates of local species persistence on a single continent. We quantified medium- to large-bodied mammal species persistence across these biomes to elucidate how landscape configuration affects their persistence and associated ecological functions. We collected occurrence data for 617 assemblages of medium- to large-bodied mammal species (>1 kg) in the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon. Analyzing natural habitat cover based on satellite data (1985-2022), we employed descriptive statistics and generalized linear models (GLMs) to investigate ecospecies occurrence patterns in relation to habitat cover across the landscapes. The subregional erosion of Amazonian mammal assemblage diversity since the 1970s mirrors that observed since the colonial conquest of the Atlantic Forest, given that 52.8% of all Amazonian mammals are now on a similar trajectory. Four out of 5 large mammals in the Atlantic Forest were prone to extirpation, whereas 53% of Amazonian mammals were vulnerable to extirpation. Greater natural habitat cover increased the persistence likelihood of ecospecies in both biomes. These trends reflected a median local species loss 63.9% higher in the Atlantic Forest than in the Amazon, which appears to be moving toward a turning point of forest habitat loss and degradation. The contrasting trajectories of species persistence in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest domains underscore the importance of considering historical habitat loss pathways and regional biodiversity erosion in conservation strategies. By focusing on landscape configuration and identifying essential ecological functions associated with large vertebrate species, conservation planning and management practices can be better informed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano A Bogoni
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Pesquisa de Limnologia, Biodiversidade e Etnobiologia do Pantanal-CELBE, Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cáceres, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Instituto Juruá, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ana B Navarro
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Carvalho-Rocha
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Department of Biodiversity, Center for Research in Biodiversity Dynamics and Climate Change, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Kimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean Center, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, Florida, USA
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2
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Valdés B. Vertebrate Pollination of Angiosperms in the Mediterranean Area: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:895. [PMID: 38592907 PMCID: PMC10976121 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
For a long time, it was considered that entomogamy was the only pollination mechanism in the Mediterranean area. However, data recorded in this review prove that ornithogamy and saurogamy also take place. With the exception of the nectarivorous Cinnyris osea (Nectariniidae) which pollinates the mistletoe Picosepalus acaciae in Israel, all birds responsible for the pollination of several plant species in this area are primarily insectivorous, sedentary, or migrating passerine birds, particularly Sylvia atricapilla, S. melanocephala, Phylloscopus collibita and Parus caeruleus. They contribute, together with insects, to the pollination of Anagyris foetida, three species of Scrophularia with big flowers, Rhamnus alaternus, Brassica oleracea, and some other plants. The lacertid lizard Podarcis lilfordi acts as a pollinating agent on several W Mediterranean islands, where it effectively pollinates Euphorbia dendroides, Cneorum tricocum, and presumably Rosmarinus officinalis and Chrithmum maritimum. The flowers of some other plant species are visited by birds or by Podarcis species in the Mediterranean area, where they could also contribute to their pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Valdés
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, 41004 Sevilla, Spain
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3
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Stewart AB, Srilopan S, Wayo K, Hassa P, Dudash MR, Bumrungsri S. Bat pollinators: a decade of monitoring reveals declining visitation rates for some species in Thailand. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2024; 10:5. [PMID: 38431697 PMCID: PMC10908063 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-024-00228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Bats are important pollinators, but they are difficult to study since they are volant and nocturnal. Thus, long-term studies of nectarivorous bats are scarce, despite their potential to help assess trends in bat populations and their pollination services. We used capture rates of nectarivorous bats at chiropterophilous flowers in order to examine temporal trends in bat visitation in an area that is undergoing extensive land use change. We mist-netted at five bat-pollinated plant taxa (Durio zibethinus, Musa acuminata, Oroxylum indicum, Parkia speciosa, and Sonneratia spp.) in southern Thailand over six years between 2011 and 2021. We found that the most common bat species, Eonycteris spelaea, was the main visitor at all five plant taxa and had consistent visitation rates across all study years. In contrast, two other important pollinators, Macroglossus minimus and M. sobrinus, showed 80% declines in the number of individuals netted at mangrove apple (Sonneratia spp.) and banana (Musa acuminata) flowers, respectively. These findings suggest that E. spelaea (a large, cave-roosting species with a broad diet) is more tolerant of anthropogenic change than are Macroglossus bats (small, foliage-roosting species with specialized diets), which may in turn affect the reproductive success of plants pollinated by these species. Our study demonstrates how decade-long monitoring can reveal species-specific temporal patterns in pollinator visitation, emphasizing the need for tailored conservation plans. While the conservation status of most nectarivorous bats in the area is Least Concern, our results indicate that population studies in Southeast Asia are urgently needed for updated bat species conservation assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa B Stewart
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Supawan Srilopan
- Department of Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kanuengnit Wayo
- Department of Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Piriya Hassa
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michele R Dudash
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sara Bumrungsri
- Department of Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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4
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Meldrum JR, Larson DL, Hoelzle TB, Hinck JE. Considering pollinators' ecosystem services in the remediation and restoration of contaminated lands: Overview of research and its gaps. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:322-336. [PMID: 37431069 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The concept of ecosystem services provides a useful framework for understanding how people are affected by changes to the natural environment, such as when a contaminant is introduced (e.g., oil spills, hazardous substance releases) or, conversely, when contaminated lands are remediated and restored. Pollination is one example of an important ecosystem service; pollinators play a critical role in any functioning terrestrial ecosystem. Other studies have suggested that consideration of pollinators' ecosystem services could lead to better remediation and restoration outcomes. However, the associated relationships can be complex, and evaluation requires synthesis from numerous disciplines. In this article, we discuss the possibilities for considering pollinators and their ecosystem services when planning remediation and restoration of contaminated lands. To inform the discussion, we introduce a general conceptual model of how pollinators and the ecosystem services associated with them could be affected by contamination in the environment. We review the literature on the conceptual model components, including contaminant effects on pollinators and the direct and indirect ecosystem services provided by pollinators, and identify information gaps. Though increased public interest in pollinators likely reflects increasing recognition of their role in providing many important ecosystem services, our review indicates that many gaps in understanding-about relevant natural and social systems-currently impede the rigorous quantification and evaluation of pollinators' ecosystem services required for many applications, such as in the context of natural resource damage assessment. Notable gaps include information on non-honeybee pollinators and on ecosystem services beyond those benefitting the agricultural sector. We then discuss potential research priorities and implications for practitioners. Focused research attention on the areas highlighted in this review holds promise for increasing the possibilities for considering pollinators' ecosystem services in the remediation and restoration of contaminated lands. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:322-336. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Meldrum
- US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Diane L Larson
- US Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy B Hoelzle
- U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Restoration and Damage Assessment-Restoration Support Unit, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jo Ellen Hinck
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Avilés JM. The evolutionary ecology of bird-ant interactions: a pervasive but under-studied connection. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232023. [PMID: 38166423 PMCID: PMC10762437 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Birds and ants are among the most ubiquitous taxa co-occurring in terrestrial ecosystems, but how they mutually interact is almost unknown. Here, the main features of this neglected interaction are synthetized in a systematic literature review. Interaction with ants has been recorded in 1122 bird species (11.2% of extant species) belonging to 131 families widely distributed across the globe and the avian phylogeny. On the other hand, 47 genus of ants (14.4% of extant genus) belonging to eight subfamilies interact with birds. Interactions include competition, antagonism (either ant-bird mutual predation or parasitism) and living together commensally or mutualistically. Competition (48.9%) and antagonism (36.1%) were the most common reported interactions. The potential for engaging in commensalism and competition with ants has a phylogenetic structure in birds and was present in the birds' ancestor. Interaction is better studied in the tropics, in where the network is less dense and more nested than in temperate or arid biomes. This review demonstrates that ant-bird interactions are a pervasive phenomenon across ecological domains, playing a key role in ecosystem function. Future studies need to combine sensible experimentation within anthropogenic disturbance gradients in order to achieve a better understanding of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M. Avilés
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, EEZA-CSIC, Almería E-04120, Spain
- Unidad Asociada (CSIC-UNEX): Ecología en el Antropoceno, Badajoz E-06006, Spain
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6
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Zhu Y, Xu X, Xi Z, Liu J. Conservation priorities for endangered trees facing multiple threats around the world. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14142. [PMID: 37424365 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Trees are vital to the survival of numerous species and to forest ecosystem functioning. However, the current distribution, vulnerability to extinction, and conservation priorities of globally endangered trees are not well known. We mapped the global distribution of 1686 tree species listed as endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List and identified conservation priority for them based on species richness, life-history traits, evolutionary distinctiveness, future climate change, and intensity of human activities. We also evaluated the impacts of various threats to these endangered tree species and evaluated the effectiveness of their protection based on the percentage of the species' range inside protected areas. The worldwide distribution of endangered trees, from the tropics through temperate zones, was uneven. Most endangered tree species were not protected in their native ranges, and only 153 species were fully protected. Hotspots of tree diversity occurred primarily in the tropics, and 79.06% of these were highly vulnerable to threats. We identified 253 areas of high priority for the conservation of endangered trees that are highly threatened and insufficiently protected. In particular, 43.42% of unprotected tree species in priority areas lacked recommended conservation measures or had no associated conservation plan. The priority conservation areas and unprotected trees we identified serve as a guideline for future management underpinning the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxiang Xi
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences & State Key Lab of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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7
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Diengdoh VL, Brook BW, Hunt M, Ondei S. Association between land use, land cover, plant genera, and pollinator abundance in mixed-use landscapes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294749. [PMID: 37992121 PMCID: PMC10664889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollinators are threatened by land-use and land-cover changes, with the magnitude of the threat depending on the pollinating taxa, land-use type and intensity, the amount of natural habitat remaining, and the ecosystem considered. This study aims to determine the effect of land use (protected areas, plantations, pastures), land cover (percentage of forest and open areas within buffers of different sizes), and plant genera on the relative abundance of nectivorous birds (honeyeaters), bees (native and introduced), and beetles in the mixed-use landscape of the Tasman Peninsula (Tasmania, Australia) using mixed-effect models. We found the predictor selected (through model selection based on R2) and the effect of the predictors varied depending on the pollinating taxa. The land-use predictors were selected for only the honeyeater abundance model with protected areas and plantations having substantive positive effects. Land-cover predictors were selected for the honeyeater and native bee abundance models with open land cover within 1500 m and 250 m buffers having substantive negative and positive effects on honeyeaters and native bees respectively. Bees and beetles were observed on 24 plant genera of which only native plants (and not invasive/naturalised) were positively associated with pollinating insects. Pultenaea and Leucopogon were positively associated with native bees while Leucopogon, Lissanthe, Pimelea, and Pomaderris were positively associated with introduced bees. Leptospermum was the only plant genus positively associated with beetles. Our results highlight that one size does not fit all-that is pollinator responses to different landscape characteristics vary, emphasising the importance of considering multiple habitat factors to manage and support different pollinator taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry W. Brook
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Hunt
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Forest Value, Hobart, Australia
| | - Stefania Ondei
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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8
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Zioga E, White B, Stout JC. Honey bees and bumble bees may be exposed to pesticides differently when foraging on agricultural areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:166214. [PMID: 37567302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In an agricultural environment, where crops are treated with pesticides, bees are likely to be exposed to a range of chemical compounds in a variety of ways. The extent to which different bee species are affected by these chemicals, largely depends on the concentrations and type of exposure. We quantified the presence of selected pesticide compounds in the pollen of two different entomophilous crops; oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and broad bean (Vicia faba). Sampling was performed in 12 sites in Ireland and our results were compared with the pollen loads of honey bees and bumble bees actively foraging on those crops in those same sites. Detections were compound specific, and the timing of pesticide application in relation to sampling likely influenced the final residue contamination levels. Most detections originated from compounds that were not recently applied on the fields, and samples from B. napus fields were more contaminated compared to those from V. faba fields. Crop pollen was contaminated only with fungicides, honey bee pollen loads contained mainly fungicides, while more insecticides were detected in bumble bee pollen loads. The highest number of compounds and most detections were observed in bumble bee pollen loads, where notably, all five neonicotinoids assessed (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam) were detected despite the no recent application of these compounds on the fields where samples were collected. The concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides were positively correlated with the number of wild plant species present in the bumble bee-collected pollen samples, but this relationship could not be verified for honey bees. The compounds azoxystrobin, boscalid and thiamethoxam formed the most common pesticide combination in pollen. Our results raise concerns about potential long-term bee exposure to multiple residues and question whether honey bees are suitable surrogates for pesticide risk assessments for all bee species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zioga
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Blánaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jane C Stout
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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9
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Groner VP, Williams JJ, Pearson RG. Limited evidence for quantitative contribution of rare and endangered species to agricultural production. AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 345:108326. [PMID: 37694127 PMCID: PMC10485819 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2022.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity underpins ecosystem functions that provide benefits to people, yet the role of rare and endangered species (RES) in supporting ecosystem services is unclear. Thus, it remains controversial whether arguments for conservation that focus on ecosystem services align with the protection of RES. We designed a systematic review protocol to critically assess the evidence for quantitative contributions of RES to terrestrial agricultural production, which is a key driver of biodiversity change and, simultaneously, could suffer from the loss of ecosystem services provided by biodiversity. Our review search criteria required that studies: 1) provide information on RES, 2) focus on an ecosystem service relevant for agriculture; and 3) include a quantitative measure of agricultural production. Surprisingly, we found only four studies that fulfilled these criteria, which was insufficient to perform a meta-analysis of results. Thus, we highlight here the gap in quantitative research, discuss the implications of this knowledge gap for the conservation of RES, and suggest future research directions. We conclude that further quantitative research is urgently needed to better inform conservation and agricultural policies, including research that focuses specifically on RES, incorporates more ecosystem services, and covers a wider range of climatic and socioeconomic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica J. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. Pearson
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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10
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Edgar GJ, Stuart-Smith RD, Heather FJ, Barrett NS, Turak E, Sweatman H, Emslie MJ, Brock DJ, Hicks J, French B, Baker SC, Howe SA, Jordan A, Knott NA, Mooney P, Cooper AT, Oh ES, Soler GA, Mellin C, Ling SD, Dunic JC, Turnbull JW, Day PB, Larkin MF, Seroussi Y, Stuart-Smith J, Clausius E, Davis TR, Shields J, Shields D, Johnson OJ, Fuchs YH, Denis-Roy L, Jones T, Bates AE. Continent-wide declines in shallow reef life over a decade of ocean warming. Nature 2023; 615:858-865. [PMID: 36949201 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Human society is dependent on nature1,2, but whether our ecological foundations are at risk remains unknown in the absence of systematic monitoring of species' populations3. Knowledge of species fluctuations is particularly inadequate in the marine realm4. Here we assess the population trends of 1,057 common shallow reef species from multiple phyla at 1,636 sites around Australia over the past decade. Most populations decreased over this period, including many tropical fishes, temperate invertebrates (particularly echinoderms) and southwestern Australian macroalgae, whereas coral populations remained relatively stable. Population declines typically followed heatwave years, when local water temperatures were more than 0.5 °C above temperatures in 2008. Following heatwaves5,6, species abundances generally tended to decline near warm range edges, and increase near cool range edges. More than 30% of shallow invertebrate species in cool latitudes exhibited high extinction risk, with rapidly declining populations trapped by deep ocean barriers, preventing poleward retreat as temperatures rise. Greater conservation effort is needed to safeguard temperate marine ecosystems, which are disproportionately threatened and include species with deep evolutionary roots. Fundamental among such efforts, and broader societal needs to efficiently adapt to interacting anthropogenic and natural pressures, is greatly expanded monitoring of species' population trends7,8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Freddie J Heather
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Neville S Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Emre Turak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Hugh Sweatman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Emslie
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danny J Brock
- Marine Science Program, Department for Environment and Water, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Marine Science Program, Department for Environment and Water, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ben French
- Marine Science Program, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susan C Baker
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Alan Jordan
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan A Knott
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Mooney
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Antonia T Cooper
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Oh
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - German A Soler
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Camille Mellin
- The Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Scott D Ling
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jillian C Dunic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John W Turnbull
- University of Sydney, SOLES, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul B Day
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Meryl F Larkin
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yanir Seroussi
- Underwater Research Group of Queensland, Yeerongpilly, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jemina Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ella Clausius
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tom R Davis
- Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joe Shields
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Derek Shields
- Reef Life Survey Foundation, Battery Point, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Olivia J Johnson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yann Herrera Fuchs
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lara Denis-Roy
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tyson Jones
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Amorim FW, Ballarin CS, Spicacci G, Bergamasco G, Carvalho L, Uieda W, Moraes AP. Opossums and birds facilitate the unexpected bat visitation to the ground-flowering Scybalium fungiforme. Ecology 2023; 104:e3935. [PMID: 36464939 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe W Amorim
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Caio S Ballarin
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Giovana Spicacci
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Bergamasco
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luana Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Wilson Uieda
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Moraes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC-UFABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
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12
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Requier F, Pérez-Méndez N, Andersson GKS, Blareau E, Merle I, Garibaldi LA. Bee and non-bee pollinator importance for local food security. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:196-205. [PMID: 36503679 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pollinators are critical for food security; however, their contribution to the pollination of locally important crops is still unclear, especially for non-bee pollinators. We reviewed the diversity, conservation status, and role of bee and non-bee pollinators in 83 different crops described either as important for the global food market or of local importance. Bees are the most commonly recorded crop floral visitors. However, non-bee pollinators are frequently recorded visitors to crops of local importance. Non-bee pollinators in tropical ecosystems include nocturnal insects, bats, and birds. Importantly, nocturnal pollinators are neglected in current diurnal-oriented research and are experiencing declines. The integration of non-bee pollinators into scientific studies and conservation agenda is urgently required for more sustainable agriculture and safeguarding food security for both globally and locally important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Requier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | | | - Georg K S Andersson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, 232 62, Sweden
| | - Elsa Blareau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabelle Merle
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucas A Garibaldi
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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13
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XIAO Z. Dual ecological functions of scatter-hoarding rodents: pollinators and seed dispersers of Mucuna sempervirens (Fabaceae). Integr Zool 2022; 17:918-929. [PMID: 34826365 PMCID: PMC9786907 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Double mutualism, that is, pollination and seed dispersal of the same plant species mediated by the same animal partners, is important but remains elusive in nature. Recently, rodent species were found as key pollinators (i.e. explosive openers) for some Mucuna species in (sub)tropical Asia, but no evidence has shown whether and how these rodents could also act as legitimate seed dispersers via scatter-hoarding for those producing large seeds. Here, my aim was to test the hypothesis that scatter-hoarding rodents could act as double mutualists for both pollination and seed dispersal of the same Mucuna species, that is, Mucuna sempervirens (Fabaceae). Based on camera-trapping survey at 2 locations with or without squirrel presence in the Dujiangyan subtropical forests, Southwest China, 7 mammals and birds were identified as explosive openers for M. sempervirens flowers, but Leopoldamys edwardsi (rats) and Paguma larvata (civets) were the main pollinators at the squirrel-absent site, while Callosciurus erythraeus (squirrels) were the main pollinators at the squirrel-present site. By tracking the fate of individually-tagged seeds over 5 years at each site, I provide the first evidence for seed-eating rodents as legitimate seed dispersers via scatter-hoarding of seeds in this world-wide plant genus, although dispersal services were slightly reduced at squirrel-absent site. More importantly, the dual roles of scatter-hoarding rodents as key pollinators and seed dispersers for the same Mucuna species have shown a clear relationship of double mutualism, and their key services may be essential for population conservation of these Mucuna species in human-disturbed landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishu XIAO
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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14
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Stout JC, Dicks LV. From science to society: implementing effective strategies to improve wild pollinator health. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210165. [PMID: 35491595 PMCID: PMC9058532 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a substantial increase in scientific, public and political interest in pollinator health and many practical conservation efforts, incorporating initiatives across a range of scales and sectors, pollinator health continues to decline. We review existing pollinator conservation initiatives and define their common structural elements. We argue that implementing effective action for pollinators requires further scientific understanding in six key areas: (i) status and trends of pollinator populations; (ii) direct and indirect drivers of decline, including their interactions; (iii) risks and co-benefits of pollinator conservation actions for ecosystems; (iv) benefits of pollinator conservation for society; (v) the effectiveness of context-specific, tailored, actionable solutions; and (vi) integrated frameworks that explicitly link benefits and values with actions to reverse declines. We propose use of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) conceptual framework to link issues and identify critical gaps in both understanding and action for pollinators. This approach reveals the centrality of addressing the recognized indirect drivers of decline, such as patterns of global trade and demography, which are frequently overlooked in current pollinator conservation efforts. Finally, we discuss how existing and new approaches in research can support efforts to move beyond these shortcomings in pollinator conservation initiatives. This article is part of the theme issue 'Natural processes influencing pollinator health: from chemistry to landscapes'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Stout
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lynn V Dicks
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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15
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Matallana-Puerto CA, Cardoso JCF. Ratatouille of flowers! Rats as potential pollinators of a petal-rewarding plant in the urban area. Ecology 2022; 103:e3778. [PMID: 35657118 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Matallana-Puerto
- Grupo de Investigación Biología para la Conservación, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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16
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Anderle M, Paniccia C, Brambilla M, Hilpold A, Volani S, Tasser E, Seeber J, Tappeiner U. The contribution of landscape features, climate and topography in shaping taxonomical and functional diversity of avian communities in a heterogeneous Alpine region. Oecologia 2022; 199:499-512. [PMID: 35192064 PMCID: PMC9309150 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of landscape composition and configuration, climate, and topography on bird diversity is necessary to identify distribution drivers, potential impacts of land use changes, and future conservation strategies. We surveyed bird communities in a study area located in the Central Alps (Autonomous Province of South Tyrol, northeast Italy), by means of point counts and investigated taxonomic and functional diversity at two spatial scales along gradients of land use/land cover (LULC) intensity and elevation. We also explored how environmental variables influence bird traits and red-list categories. Models combining drivers of different types were highly supported, pointing towards synergetic effects of different types of environmental variables on bird communities. The model containing only LULC compositional variables was the most supported one among the single-group models: LULC composition plays a crucial role in shaping local biodiversity and hence bird communities, even across broad landscape gradients. Particularly relevant were wetlands, open habitats, agricultural mosaics made up of small habitat patches and settlements, ecotonal and structural elements in agricultural settings, and continuous forests. To conserve bird diversity in the Alps, planning and management practices promoting and maintaining small fields, structural elements, and a mosaic of different LULC types should be supported, while preserving continuous forests at the same time. Additionally, pastures, extensively used meadows, and wetlands are key to conservation. These strategies might mitigate the impacts of global change on bird diversity in the Alps and in other European mountain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Anderle
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy. .,Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15/Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Chiara Paniccia
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Mattia Brambilla
- Dipartimento Di Scienze E Politiche Ambientali, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Andreas Hilpold
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Stefania Volani
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Erich Tasser
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Julia Seeber
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy.,Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15/Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrike Tappeiner
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy.,Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15/Technikerstrasse 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Suni S, Hall E, Bahu E, Hayes H. Urbanization increases floral specialization of pollinators. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8619. [PMID: 35309755 PMCID: PMC8901868 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how urbanization alters functional interactions among pollinators and plants is critically important given increasing anthropogenic land use and declines in pollinator populations. Pollinators often exhibit short-term specialization and visit plants of the same species during one foraging trip. This facilitates plant receipt of conspecific pollen-pollen on a pollinator that is the same species as the plant on which the pollinator was foraging. Conspecific pollen receipt facilitates plant reproductive success and is thus important to plant and pollinator persistence. We investigated how urbanization affects short-term specialization of insect pollinators by examining pollen loads on insects' bodies and identifying the number and species of pollen grains on insects caught in urban habitat fragments and natural areas. We assessed possible drivers of differences between urban and natural areas, including frequency dependence in foraging, species richness and diversity of the plant and pollinator communities, floral abundance, and the presence of invasive plant species. Pollinators were more specialized in urban fragments than in natural areas, despite no differences in the species richness of plant communities across site types. These differences were likely driven by higher specialization of common pollinators, which were more abundant in urban sites. In addition, pollinators preferred to forage on invasive plants at urban sites and native plants at natural sites. Our findings reveal indirect effects of urbanization on pollinator fidelity to individual plant species and have implications for the maintenance of plant species diversity in small habitat fragments. Higher preference of pollinators for invasive plants at urban sites suggests that native species may receive fewer visits by pollinators. Therefore, native plant species diversity may decline in urban sites without continued augmentation of urban flora or removal of invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevan Suni
- Department of BiologyUniversity of San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Erin Hall
- Department of BiologyUniversity of San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Evangelina Bahu
- Department of BiologyUniversity of San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hannah Hayes
- Department of BiologyUniversity of San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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18
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Leimberger KG, Dalsgaard B, Tobias JA, Wolf C, Betts MG. The evolution, ecology, and conservation of hummingbirds and their interactions with flowering plants. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:923-959. [PMID: 35029017 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The ecological co-dependency between plants and hummingbirds is a classic example of a mutualistic interaction: hummingbirds rely on floral nectar to fuel their rapid metabolisms, and more than 7000 plant species rely on hummingbirds for pollination. However, threats to hummingbirds are mounting, with 10% of 366 species considered globally threatened and 60% in decline. Despite the important ecological implications of these population declines, no recent review has examined plant-hummingbird interactions in the wider context of their evolution, ecology, and conservation. To provide this overview, we (i) assess the extent to which plants and hummingbirds have coevolved over millions of years, (ii) examine the mechanisms underlying plant-hummingbird interaction frequencies and hummingbird specialization, (iii) explore the factors driving the decline of hummingbird populations, and (iv) map out directions for future research and conservation. We find that, despite close associations between plants and hummingbirds, acquiring evidence for coevolution (versus one-sided adaptation) is difficult because data on fitness outcomes for both partners are required. Thus, linking plant-hummingbird interactions to plant reproduction is not only a major avenue for future coevolutionary work, but also for studies of interaction networks, which rarely incorporate pollinator effectiveness. Nevertheless, over the past decade, a growing body of literature on plant-hummingbird networks suggests that hummingbirds form relationships with plants primarily based on overlapping phenologies and trait-matching between bill length and flower length. On the other hand, species-level specialization appears to depend primarily on local community context, such as hummingbird abundance and nectar availability. Finally, although hummingbirds are commonly viewed as resilient opportunists that thrive in brushy habitats, we find that range size and forest dependency are key predictors of hummingbird extinction risk. A critical direction for future research is to examine how potential stressors - such as habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, and introduction of non-native plants - may interact to affect hummingbirds and the plants they pollinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara G Leimberger
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Christopher Wolf
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - Matthew G Betts
- Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 3100 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
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19
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Krause T, Tilker A. How the loss of forest fauna undermines the achievement of the SDGs. AMBIO 2022; 51:103-113. [PMID: 33825158 PMCID: PMC8023557 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The human-driven loss of biodiversity has numerous ecological, social, and economic impacts at the local and global levels, threatening important ecological functions and jeopardizing human well-being. In this perspective, we present an overview of how tropical defaunation-defined as the disappearance of fauna as a result of anthropogenic drivers such as hunting and habitat alteration in tropical forest ecosystems-is interlinked with four selected Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We discuss tropical defaunation related to nutrition and zero hunger (SDG 2), good health and well-being (SDG 3), climate action (SDG 13), and life on land (SDG 15). We propose a range of options on how to study defaunation in future research and how to address the ongoing tropical defaunation crisis, including but not limited to recent insights from policy, conservation management, and development practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Krause
- Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies, P.O. Box 170, 221-00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrew Tilker
- Global Wildlife Conservation, 500 Capital of Texas Hwy, Austin, TX 78746 USA
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Rainforest bird communities threatened by extreme fire. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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21
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Richard FJ, Southern I, Gigauri M, Bellini G, Rojas O, Runde A. Warning on nine pollutants and their effects on avian communities. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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22
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23
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Dicks LV, Breeze TD, Ngo HT, Senapathi D, An J, Aizen MA, Basu P, Buchori D, Galetto L, Garibaldi LA, Gemmill-Herren B, Howlett BG, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Johnson SD, Kovács-Hostyánszki A, Kwon YJ, Lattorff HMG, Lungharwo T, Seymour CL, Vanbergen AJ, Potts SG. A global-scale expert assessment of drivers and risks associated with pollinator decline. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:1453-1461. [PMID: 34400826 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollinator decline has attracted global attention and substantial efforts are underway to respond through national pollinator strategies and action plans. These policy responses require clarity on what is driving pollinator decline and what risks it generates for society in different parts of the world. Using a formal expert elicitation process, we evaluated the relative regional and global importance of eight drivers of pollinator decline and ten consequent risks to human well-being. Our results indicate that global policy responses should focus on reducing pressure from changes in land cover and configuration, land management and pesticides, as these were considered very important drivers in most regions. We quantify how the importance of drivers and risks from pollinator decline, differ among regions. For example, losing access to managed pollinators was considered a serious risk only for people in North America, whereas yield instability in pollinator-dependent crops was classed as a serious or high risk in four regions but only a moderate risk in Europe and North America. Overall, perceived risks were substantially higher in the Global South. Despite extensive research on pollinator decline, our analysis reveals considerable scientific uncertainty about what this means for human society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn V Dicks
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Tom D Breeze
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, Reading, UK
| | | | - Deepa Senapathi
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, Reading, UK
| | - Jiandong An
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marcelo A Aizen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Parthiba Basu
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences, IPB University, Jalan Pajajaran, Indonesia.,Department of Plant Protection, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Leonardo Galetto
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucas A Garibaldi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Río Negro, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Río Negro, Argentina
| | | | - Brad G Howlett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Steven D Johnson
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | | | - Yong Jung Kwon
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | | | - Colleen L Seymour
- South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa.,Department of Biological Sciences, FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Adam J Vanbergen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, Reading, UK
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24
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Zamora-Gutierrez V, Rivera-Villanueva AN, Martínez Balvanera S, Castro-Castro A, Aguirre-Gutiérrez J. Vulnerability of bat-plant pollination interactions due to environmental change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3367-3382. [PMID: 33749983 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant-pollinator interactions are highly relevant to society as many crops important for humans are animal pollinated. However, changes in climate and land use may put such interacting patterns at risk by disrupting the occurrences between pollinators and the plants they pollinate. Here, we analyse how the co-occurrence patterns between bat pollinators and 126 plant species they pollinate may be disrupted given changes in climate and land use, and we forecast relevant changes of the current bat-plant co-occurrence distribution patterns for the near future. We predict under RCP8.5 21% of the territory will experience a loss of bat species richness, plants with C3 metabolism are predicted to reduce their area of distribution by 6.5%, CAM species are predicted to increase their potential area of distribution up to 1% and phanerophytes are predicted to have a 14% reduction in their distribution. The potential bat-plant interactions are predicted to decrease from an average of 47.1 co-occurring bat-plant pairs in the present to 34.1 in the pessimistic scenario. The overall changes in suitable environmental conditions for bats and the plant species they pollinate may disrupt the current bat-plant co-occurrence network and will likely put at risk the pollination services bat species provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zamora-Gutierrez
- Cátedras CONACYT - Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Durango (CIIDIR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Durango, México
| | - A Nayelli Rivera-Villanueva
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Durango (CIIDIR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Durango, México
| | | | - Arturo Castro-Castro
- Cátedras CONACYT - Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Durango (CIIDIR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Durango, México
| | - Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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25
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Unexpectedly low paternal diversity is associated with infrequent pollinator visitation for a bird-pollinated plant. Oecologia 2021; 196:937-950. [PMID: 33870456 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The behaviour of pollinators has important consequences for plant mating. Nectar-feeding birds often display behaviour that results in more pollen carryover than insect pollinators, which is predicted to result in frequent outcrossing and high paternal diversity for bird-pollinated plants. We tested this prediction by quantifying mating system parameters and bird visitation in three populations of an understory bird-pollinated herb, Anigozanthos humilis (Haemodoraceae). Microsatellite markers were used to genotype 131 adult plants, and 211 seeds from 23 maternal plants, from three populations. While outcrossing rates were high, estimates of paternal diversity were surprisingly low compared with other bird-pollinated plants. Despite nectar-feeding birds being common at the study sites, visits to A. humilis flowers were infrequent (62 visits over 21,552 recording hours from motion-triggered cameras, or equivalent to one visit per flower every 10 days), and the majority (76%) were by a single species, the western spinebill Acanthorhynchus superciliosus (Meliphagidae). Pollen counts from 30 captured honeyeaters revealed that A. humilis comprised just 0.3% of the total pollen load. For 10 western spinebills, A. humilis pollen comprised only 4.1% of the pollen load, which equated to an average of 3.9 A. humilis pollen grains per bird. Taken together, our findings suggest that low visitation rates and low pollen loads of floral visitors have led to the low paternal diversity observed in this understory bird-pollinated herb. As such, we shed new light on the conditions that can lead to departures from high paternal diversity for plants competing for the pollination services of generalist nectar-feeding birds.
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Hazlehurst J, Rankin D, Clark C, McFrederick Q, Wilson-Rankin E. Macroecological patterns of resource use in resident and migratory hummingbirds. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Neov B, Shumkova R, Palova N, Hristov P. The health crisis in managed honey bees (Apis mellifera). Which factors are involved in this phenomenon? Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Benoit AD, Kalisz S. Predator Effects on Plant-Pollinator Interactions, Plant Reproduction, Mating Systems, and Evolution. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012120-094926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plants are the foundation of the food web and therefore interact directly and indirectly with myriad organisms at higher trophic levels. They directly provide nourishment to mutualistic and antagonistic primary consumers (e.g., pollinators and herbivores), which in turn are consumed by predators. These interactions produce cascading indirect effects on plants (either trait-mediated or density-mediated). We review how predators affect plant-pollinator interactions and thus how predators indirectly affect plant reproduction, fitness, mating systems, and trait evolution. Predators can influence pollinator abundance and foraging behavior. In many cases, predators cause pollinators to visit plants less frequently and for shorter durations. This decline in visitation can lead to pollen limitation and decreased seed set. However, alternative outcomes can result due to differences in predator, pollinator, and plant functional traits as well as due to altered interaction networks with plant enemies. Furthermore, predators may indirectly affect the evolution of plant traits and mating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D. Benoit
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA;,
| | - Susan Kalisz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA;,
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Essl F, Latombe G, Lenzner B, Pagad S, Seebens H, Smith K, Wilson JRU, Genovesi P. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)’s Post-2020 target on invasive alien species – what should it include and how should it be monitored? NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.62.53972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The year 2020 and the next few years are critical for the development of the global biodiversity policy agenda until the mid-21st century, with countries agreeing to a Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Reducing the substantial and still rising impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) on biodiversity will be essential if we are to meet the 2050 Vision where biodiversity is valued, conserved, and restored. A tentative target has been developed by the IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG), and formally submitted to the CBD for consideration in the discussion on the Post-2020 targets. Here, we present properties of this proposal that we regard as essential for an effective Post-2020 Framework. The target should explicitly consider the three main components of biological invasions, i.e. (i) pathways, (ii) species, and (iii) sites; the target should also be (iv) quantitative, (v) supplemented by a set of indicators that can be applied to track progress, and (vi) evaluated at medium- (2030) and long-term (2050) time horizons. We also present a proposed set of indicators to track progress. These properties and indicators are based on the increasing scientific understanding of biological invasions and effectiveness of responses. Achieving an ambitious action-oriented target so that the 2050 Vision can be achieved will require substantial effort and resources, and the cooperation of a wide range of stakeholders.
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Significance of Apoidea as Main Pollinators. Ecological and Economic Impact and Implications for Human Nutrition. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12070280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wild and managed bees provide pollination services to crops and wild plants, as well as a variety of other services beneficial to humans. Honey bees are the most economically valuable pollinator worldwide. It has been calculated that 9.5% of the total economic value of agricultural production comes from insect pollination, thus amounting to just under USD 200 billion globally. More than 100 important crops depend on pollination by honey bees. The latter pollinate not only a wide number of commercial crops but also many wild plants, some of which are threatened by extinction and constitute a valuable genetic resource. Moreover, as pollinators, honey bees play a significant role in every aspect of the ecosystem by facilitating the growth of trees, flowers, and other plants that serve as food and shelter for many large and small creatures. In this paper, we describe how the reduction in honey bee populations affects various economic sectors, as well as human health.
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Scott-Brown A, Koch H. New directions in pollinator research: diversity, conflict and response to global change. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 4:ETLS20200123. [PMID: 32556155 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between pollinators and their plant hosts are central to maintaining global biodiversity and ensuring our food security. In this special issue, we compile reviews that summarize existing knowledge and point out key outstanding research areas to understand and safeguard pollinators, pollinators-host plant interactions and the pollination ecosystem services they provide. The vast diversity of the pollinator-plant interactions that exists on this planet still remains poorly explored, with many being associations involving a specialist pollinator partner, although historically most focus has been given to generalist pollinators, such as the honeybee. Two areas highlighted here are the ecology and evolution of oligolectic bee species, and the often-neglected groups of pollinators that forage solely at night. Advances in automated detection technologies could offer potential and complementary solutions to the current shortfall in knowledge on interactions occurring between less well-documented plant-pollinator associations, by increasing the collection range and capacity of flower visitation data over space and time. Pollinator-host plant interactions can be affected by external biotic factors, with herbivores and pathogens playing particularly important roles. Such interactions can be disrupted by modifying plant volatile and reward chemistry, with possible effects on pollinator attraction and pollination success. Mechanisms which underpin interactions between plants and their pollinators also face many anthropogenic disturbances. Reviews in this issue discuss threats from parasites and climate change to pollinator populations and plant-pollinator networks, and suggest new ways to mitigate these threats. While the protection of existing plant-pollinator networks will be a crucial goal for conservation biology, more research is needed to understand how lost interactions in degraded habitats may be restored with mutual benefits to plants and pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Scott-Brown
- Department of Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, U.K
| | - Hauke Koch
- Department of Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, U.K
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Renjifo LM, Amaya-Villarreal AM, Butchart SHM. Tracking extinction risk trends and patterns in a mega-diverse country: A Red List Index for birds in Colombia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227381. [PMID: 31986160 PMCID: PMC6984723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring trends in the extinction risk of species is important for tracking conservation effectiveness. The Red List index (RLI) reflects changes in aggregate extinction risk for sets of species over time (a value of zero means that all species are extinct, a value of one means that all species are categorized as Least Concern). We calculated the first national RLI for birds in Colombia for the period 2002–2016, and disaggregated indices by ecosystems, regions, and species groups. Overall, the status of birds in Colombia has moderately deteriorated during 2002–2016, declining by 0.0000714% per year (the global RLI for birds declined by 0.0297% per year). High Andean forest, paramo, and freshwater are the ecosystems in worst condition. The two regions with the greatest avian diversity contrasted: the Andes has the lowest RLI, and the Amazon the highest. Among species groups, gamebirds, parrots, large frugivores, and forest raptors are the most threatened. Habitat loss from expansion of illicit crops and population declines from hunting were the most important threats. Agricultural expansion, invasive alien animal species, illegal logging and illegal mining are significant threats for some species. Tracking species’ extinction risk is important in a country with the highest bird species richness in the world, dynamic spatial patterns of habitat loss, and high levels of endemism. Recent developments provide reasons for both hope and despair. In 2016, a peace agreement ended 50 years of armed conflict. New opportunities for biodiversity conservation, local development based on bird-watching tourism, and advancement in scientific knowledge of birds now occur alongside dramatic increases in deforestation. These new conservation opportunities and challenges provide strong motivation to take advantage of the fact that the overall risk of extinction of birds in Colombia is still relatively low and stable. Effective action is urgently needed while there still is the opportunity to prevent extinctions and safeguard species, particularly those in higher risk categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Renjifo
- Department of Ecology and Territory, School of Environmental and Rural Studies, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - Angela María Amaya-Villarreal
- Department of Ecology and Territory, School of Environmental and Rural Studies, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Stuart H. M. Butchart
- Department of Zoology, BirdLife International, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
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Díaz S, Settele J, Brondízio ES, Ngo HT, Agard J, Arneth A, Balvanera P, Brauman KA, Butchart SHM, Chan KMA, Garibaldi LA, Ichii K, Liu J, Subramanian SM, Midgley GF, Miloslavich P, Molnár Z, Obura D, Pfaff A, Polasky S, Purvis A, Razzaque J, Reyers B, Chowdhury RR, Shin YJ, Visseren-Hamakers I, Willis KJ, Zayas CN. Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change. Science 2019; 366:366/6471/eaax3100. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aax3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 691] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The human impact on life on Earth has increased sharply since the 1970s, driven by the demands of a growing population with rising average per capita income. Nature is currently supplying more materials than ever before, but this has come at the high cost of unprecedented global declines in the extent and integrity of ecosystems, distinctness of local ecological communities, abundance and number of wild species, and the number of local domesticated varieties. Such changes reduce vital benefits that people receive from nature and threaten the quality of life of future generations. Both the benefits of an expanding economy and the costs of reducing nature’s benefits are unequally distributed. The fabric of life on which we all depend—nature and its contributions to people—is unravelling rapidly. Despite the severity of the threats and lack of enough progress in tackling them to date, opportunities exist to change future trajectories through transformative action. Such action must begin immediately, however, and address the root economic, social, and technological causes of nature’s deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Díaz
- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Josef Settele
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research–iDiv, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Hien T. Ngo
- Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Secretariat, United Nations Campus, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 1, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - John Agard
- Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Almut Arneth
- Atmospheric Environmental Research, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Kate A. Brauman
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, 325 Learning and Environmental Sciences, 1954 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Stuart H. M. Butchart
- BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Kai M. A. Chan
- Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lucas A. Garibaldi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mitre 630, CP 8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Kazuhito Ichii
- Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, 1-33,Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-852, Japan
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-0053, Japan
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 115 Manly Miles Building, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Suneetha M. Subramanian
- United Nations University (UNU)–Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, Tokyo, Japan
- UNU–International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Guy F. Midgley
- Global Change Biology Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, P/Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Patricia Miloslavich
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)–Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Zsolt Molnár
- Centre for Ecological Research Institute of Ecology and Botany, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, H-2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - David Obura
- Coastal Oceans Research and Development–Indian Ocean (CORDIO) East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya
- Global Climate Institute, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander Pfaff
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Stephen Polasky
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, 1994 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1994 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment, Imperial College London, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Jona Razzaque
- Department of Law, Faculty of Business and Law, University of the West of England, Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Belinda Reyers
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden
- Department of Conservation Ecology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | | | - Yunne-Jai Shin
- Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC) Research Unit, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Ingrid Visseren-Hamakers
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katherine J. Willis
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK
- Long-Term Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Cynthia N. Zayas
- Center for International Studies University of the Philippines, Diliman, Philippines
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Bolzonella C, Lucchetta M, Teo G, Boatto V, Zanella A. Is there a way to rate insecticides that is less detrimental to human and environmental health? Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Bissessur P, Bunsy Y, Baider C, Florens FBV. Non-intrusive systematic study reveals mutualistic interactions between threatened island endemic species and points to more impactful conservation. J Nat Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lacher TE, Davidson AD, Fleming TH, Gómez-Ruiz EP, McCracken GF, Owen-Smith N, Peres CA, Vander Wall SB. The functional roles of mammals in ecosystems. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Lacher
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Global Wildlife Conservation, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ana D Davidson
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Theodore H Fleming
- Emeritus, Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Emma P Gómez-Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Gary F McCracken
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Norman Owen-Smith
- Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Vander Wall
- Department of Biology and the Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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Cosset CCP, Gilroy JJ, Edwards DP. Impacts of tropical forest disturbance on species vital rates. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:66-75. [PMID: 29972268 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are experiencing enormous threats from deforestation and habitat degradation. Much knowledge of the impacts of these land-use changes on tropical species comes from studies examining patterns of richness and abundance. Demographic vital rates (survival, reproduction, and movement) can also be affected by land-use change in a way that increases species vulnerability to extirpation, but in many cases these impacts may not be manifested in short-term changes in abundance or species richness. We conducted a literature review to assess current knowledge and research effort concerning how land-use change affects species vital rates in tropical forest vertebrates. We found a general paucity of empirical research on demography across taxa and regions, with some biases toward mammals and birds and land-use transitions, including fragmentation and agriculture. There is also considerable between-species variation in demographic responses to land-use change, which could reflect trait-based differences in species sensitivity, complex context dependencies (e.g., between-region variation), or inconsistency in methods used in studies. Efforts to improve understanding of anthropogenic impacts on species demography are underway, but there is a need for increased research effort to fill knowledge gaps in understudied tropical regions and taxa. The lack of information on demographic impacts of anthropogenic disturbance makes it difficult to draw definite conclusions about the magnitude of threats to tropical ecosystems under anthropogenic pressures. Thus, determining conservation priorities and improving conservation effectiveness remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy C P Cosset
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K
| | - James J Gilroy
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR47TJ, U.K
| | - David P Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, U.K
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Krauss SL, Roberts DG, Phillips RD, Edwards C. Effectiveness of camera traps for quantifying daytime and nighttime visitation by vertebrate pollinators. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9304-9314. [PMID: 30377502 PMCID: PMC6194244 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of pollen vectors is a fundamental objective of pollination biology. The foraging and social behavior of these pollinators has profound effects on plant mating, making quantification of their behavior critical for understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of different pollinators for the plants they visit. However, accurate quantification of visitation may be problematic, especially for shy animals and/or when the temporal and spatial scale of observation desired is large. Sophisticated heat- and movement-triggered motion-sensor cameras ("camera trapping") provide new, underutilized tools to address these challenges. However, to date, there has been no rigorous evaluation of the sampling considerations needed for using camera trapping in pollination research.We measured the effectiveness of camera trapping for identifying vertebrate visitors and quantifying their visitation rates and foraging behavior on Banksia menziesii (Proteaceae). Multiple still cameras (Reconyx HC 500) and a video camera (Little Acorn LTL5210A) were deployed.From 2,753 recorded visits by vertebrates, we identified five species of nectarivorous honeyeater (Meliphagidae) and the honey possum (Tarsipedidae), with significant variation in the species composition of visitors among inflorescences. Species of floral visitor showed significant variation in their time of peak activity, duration of visits, and numbers of flowers probed per visit. Where multiple cameras were deployed on individual inflorescences, effectiveness of individual still cameras varied from 15% to 86% of all recorded visits. Methodological issues and solutions, and the future uses of camera traps in pollination biology, are discussed. Conclusions and wider implications: Motion-triggered cameras are promising tools for the quantification of vertebrate visitation and some aspects of behavior on flowers. However, researchers need to be mindful of the variation in effectiveness of individual camera traps in detecting animals. Pollinator studies using camera traps are in their infancy, and the full potential of this developing technology is yet to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried L. Krauss
- Science DirectorateBotanic Garden and Parks AuthorityKings Park and Botanic GardenPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - David G. Roberts
- Science DirectorateBotanic Garden and Parks AuthorityKings Park and Botanic GardenPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for Natural Resource ManagementThe University of Western AustraliaAlbanyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ryan D. Phillips
- Science DirectorateBotanic Garden and Parks AuthorityKings Park and Botanic GardenPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Ecology and EvolutionResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
- Department of Ecology, Environment and EvolutionLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Knight TM, Ashman T, Bennett J, Burns JH, Passonneau S, Steets JA. Reflections on, and visions for, the changing field of pollination ecology. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1282-1295. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Knight
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Am Kirchtor 1 06108 Halle Germany
- Department Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Straße 4 06120 Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - T.‐L. Ashman
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA15260 USA
| | - J. M. Bennett
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Am Kirchtor 1 06108 Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - J. H. Burns
- Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH44106‐7080 USA
| | - S. Passonneau
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Am Kirchtor 1 06108 Halle Germany
- Department Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Theodor‐Lieser‐Straße 4 06120 Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - J. A. Steets
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK74078 USA
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Differential retention of pollen grains on clothing and the effectiveness of laboratory retrieval methods in forensic settings. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 288:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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McGowan PJ, Mair L, Symes A, Westrip JR, Wheatley H, Brook S, Burton J, King S, McShea WJ, Moehlman PD, Smith AT, Wheeler JC, Butchart SH. Tracking trends in the extinction risk of wild relatives of domesticated species to assess progress against global biodiversity targets. Conserv Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J.K. McGowan
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Louise Mair
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Andrew Symes
- BirdLife International; David Attenborough Building; Cambridge UK
| | | | - Hannah Wheatley
- BirdLife International; David Attenborough Building; Cambridge UK
| | - Sarah Brook
- IUCN/SSC Deer Specialist Group; c/o Wildlife Conservation Society; Phenom Penh Cambodia
| | - James Burton
- IUCN/SSC Asian Wild Cattle Specialist Group; c/o Chester Zoo; Chester UK
| | - Sarah King
- IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Warner College of Natural Resources; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - William J. McShea
- IUCN/SSC Deer Specialist Group, c/o Conservation Ecology Center; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Front Royal Virginia
| | - Patricia D. Moehlman
- IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group; EcoHealth Alliance; New York New York
- Consortium for Environmental Research and Conservation; Columbia University; New York New York
| | - Andrew T. Smith
- IUCN/SSC Lagomorph Specialist Group, c/o School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona
| | - Jane C. Wheeler
- IUCN/SSC South American Camelid Specialist Group; c/o CONOPA-Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo de Camélidos Sudamericanos; Salamanca Lima Peru
| | - Stuart H.M. Butchart
- BirdLife International; David Attenborough Building; Cambridge UK
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
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42
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Van Etten ML, Sukkaewnmanee P, Tate JA, Robertson AW. Pollinator service affects quantity but not quality of offspring in a widespread New Zealand endemic tree species. CONSERV GENET 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-018-1056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ollerton J. Pollinator Diversity: Distribution, Ecological Function, and Conservation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Ollerton
- Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Northampton NN2 6JD, United Kingdom
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Correia M, Timóteo S, Rodríguez-Echeverría S, Mazars-Simon A, Heleno R. Refaunation and the reinstatement of the seed-dispersal function in Gorongosa National Park. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2017; 31:76-85. [PMID: 27355794 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Large animals are important seed dispersers; however, they tend to be under a high extinction risk worldwide. There is compelling evidence that the global biodiversity crisis is leading to the deterioration of several ecosystem functions, but there is virtually no information on how large-scale refaunation efforts can reinstate seed dispersal. We evaluated the effectiveness of a 62-km2 wildlife sanctuary, which was established to recover populations of large mammals in Gorongosa National Park (Mozambique), in restoring seed dispersal. We collected animal scats during the dry season of 2014 (June-August) along 5 transects inside and 5 transects outside the sanctuary fence (50 km total) with the same type of plant community, identified animal and plant species in the transects, and quantified the number of seeds in each scat. Based on these data, we built bipartite networks and calculated network and species-level descriptor values, and we compared data collected inside and outside the sanctuary. There were more scats (268 vs. 207) and more scats containing seeds (132 vs. 94) inside than outside the sanctuary. The number of mammal dispersers was also higher inside (17) than outside the sanctuary (11). Similarly, more seeds (2413 vs. 2124) and plant species (33 vs. 26) were dispersed inside than outside the sanctuary. Overall, the seed-dispersal network was less specialized (0.38 vs. 0.44) and there was a greater overlap (0.16 vs. 0.07) inside than outside the sanctuary. Both networks were significantly modular and antinested. The high number and richness of seeds dispersed inside the sanctuary was explained mostly by a higher abundance of dispersers rather than by disperser identity. Our results suggest conservation efforts aimed at recovering populations of large mammals are helping to reestablish not only target mammal species but also their functional roles as seed dispersers in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Correia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Timóteo
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Rodríguez-Echeverría
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alban Mazars-Simon
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ruben Heleno
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Nsor CA, Chapman HM, Godsoe W. Does a Species' Extinction-Proneness Predict Its Contribution to Nestedness? A Test Using a Sunbird-Tree Visitation Network. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170223. [PMID: 28103287 PMCID: PMC5245820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal pollinators and the plants they pollinate depend on networks of mutualistic partnerships and more broadly on the stability of such networks. Based mainly on insect-plant visitation networks, theory predicts that species that are most prone to extinction contribute the most to nestedness, however empirical tests are rare. We used a sunbird-tree visitation network within which were both extinction prone vs non extinction prone sunbird species to test the idea. We predicted that the extinction prone species would contribute the most to nestedness. Using local abundance as a proxy for extinction risk we considered that locally rare sunbird species, by virtue of their small population size and associated demographic stochasticity to be more at risk of extinction than the common species. Our network was not strongly nested and all sunbird species made similar contributions to nestedness, so that in our empirical test, extinction proneness did not predict contribution to nestedness. The consequences of this finding remain unclear. It may be that network theory based on plant-insect mutualisms is not widely applicable and does not work for tree- sunbird mutualistic networks. Alternatively it may be that our network was too small to provide results with any statistical power. Without doubt our study highlights the problems faced when testing network theory in the field; a plethora of ecological considerations can variously impact on results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Nsor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Hazel M. Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - William Godsoe
- Biological Sciences Department, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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46
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Mcowen CJ, Ivory S, Dixon MJR, Regan EC, Obrecht A, Tittensor DP, Teller A, Chenery AM. Sufficiency and Suitability of Global Biodiversity Indicators for Monitoring Progress to 2020 Targets. Conserv Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chris J. Mcowen
- UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
| | - Sarah Ivory
- UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
| | - Matthew J. R. Dixon
- Environmental Change Institute; Oxford University Centre for the Environment; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY UK
| | - Eugenie C. Regan
- The Biodiversity Consultancy; 3E King's Parade Cambridge CB2 1SJ UK
| | - Andreas Obrecht
- Federal Office for the Environment; Bern CH-3003 Switzerland
| | - Derek P. Tittensor
- UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
- Biology Department; Dalhousie University; Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Anne Teller
- European Commission-DG Environment; Brussels Belgium
| | - Anna M. Chenery
- UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
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Morales-Reyes Z, Pérez-García JM, Moleón M, Botella F, Carrete M, Donázar JA, Cortés-Avizanda A, Arrondo E, Moreno-Opo R, Jiménez J, Margalida A, Sánchez-Zapata JA. Evaluation of the network of protection areas for the feeding of scavengers in Spain: from biodiversity conservation to greenhouse gas emission savings. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zebensui Morales-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada; Universidad Miguel Hernández; Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03202 Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Juan M. Pérez-García
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada; Universidad Miguel Hernández; Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03202 Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Marcos Moleón
- Department of Conservation Biology; Doñana Biological Station-CSIC; C/Americo Vespucio s/n La Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Francisco Botella
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada; Universidad Miguel Hernández; Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03202 Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Martina Carrete
- Department of Conservation Biology; Doñana Biological Station-CSIC; C/Americo Vespucio s/n La Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems; Pablo de Olavide University; Ctra. de Utrera, km 1 41013 Sevilla Spain
| | - José A. Donázar
- Department of Conservation Biology; Doñana Biological Station-CSIC; C/Americo Vespucio s/n La Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Ainara Cortés-Avizanda
- Department of Conservation Biology; Doñana Biological Station-CSIC; C/Americo Vespucio s/n La Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
- Infraestruturas de Portugal Biodiversity-Chair; CIBIO-InBIO Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos da Universidade do Porto Campus Agrário de Vairão Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7; 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
- CEABN/InBio; Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”; Instituto Superior de Agronomia; Universidade de Lisboa; Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Eneko Arrondo
- Department of Conservation Biology; Doñana Biological Station-CSIC; C/Americo Vespucio s/n La Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Rubén Moreno-Opo
- Evolution and Conservation Biology Research Group; University Complutense of Madrid; C/José Antonio Novais, 2 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José Jiménez
- Institute of Research in Game Resources; CSIC; Ronda de Toledo 12 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Antoni Margalida
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering; University of Lleida; Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191 25198 Lleida Spain
- Division of Conservation Biology; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Baltzerstrasse 6 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - José A. Sánchez-Zapata
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada; Universidad Miguel Hernández; Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03202 Elche Alicante Spain
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Brown MJF, Dicks LV, Paxton RJ, Baldock KCR, Barron AB, Chauzat MP, Freitas BM, Goulson D, Jepsen S, Kremen C, Li J, Neumann P, Pattemore DE, Potts SG, Schweiger O, Seymour CL, Stout JC. A horizon scan of future threats and opportunities for pollinators and pollination. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2249. [PMID: 27602260 PMCID: PMC4991895 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Pollinators, which provide the agriculturally and ecologically essential service of pollination, are under threat at a global scale. Habitat loss and homogenisation, pesticides, parasites and pathogens, invasive species, and climate change have been identified as past and current threats to pollinators. Actions to mitigate these threats, e.g., agri-environment schemes and pesticide-use moratoriums, exist, but have largely been applied post-hoc. However, future sustainability of pollinators and the service they provide requires anticipation of potential threats and opportunities before they occur, enabling timely implementation of policy and practice to prevent, rather than mitigate, further pollinator declines. Methods.Using a horizon scanning approach we identified issues that are likely to impact pollinators, either positively or negatively, over the coming three decades. Results.Our analysis highlights six high priority, and nine secondary issues. High priorities are: (1) corporate control of global agriculture, (2) novel systemic pesticides, (3) novel RNA viruses, (4) the development of new managed pollinators, (5) more frequent heatwaves and drought under climate change, and (6) the potential positive impact of reduced chemical use on pollinators in non-agricultural settings. Discussion. While current pollinator management approaches are largely driven by mitigating past impacts, we present opportunities for pre-emptive practice, legislation, and policy to sustainably manage pollinators for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J F Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London , Egham , United Kingdom
| | - Lynn V Dicks
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Paxton
- Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; iDiv, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katherine C R Baldock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B Barron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Marie-Pierre Chauzat
- European reference laboratory for honeybee health, Unit of honeybee pathology & Unit of coordination and support to surveillance, ANSES , Maisons-Alfort Cedex , France
| | - Breno M Freitas
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará , Fortaleza Ceará , Brazil
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex , Falmer , United Kingdom
| | - Sarina Jepsen
- The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation , Portland , OR , United States of America
| | - Claire Kremen
- Berkeley Food Institute, Environmental Sciences Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley , CA , United States of America
| | - Jilian Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Peter Neumann
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - David E Pattemore
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited , Hamilton , New Zealand
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , Reading , United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Halle , Germany
| | - Colleen L Seymour
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa; Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Jane C Stout
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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Analysing biodiversity and conservation knowledge products to support regional environmental assessments. Sci Data 2016; 3:160007. [PMID: 26881749 PMCID: PMC4755129 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Two processes for regional environmental assessment are currently underway: the Global Environment Outlook (GEO) and Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Both face constraints of data, time, capacity, and resources. To support these assessments, we disaggregate three global knowledge products according to their regions and subregions. These products are: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Key Biodiversity Areas (specifically Important Bird & Biodiversity Areas [IBAs], and Alliance for Zero Extinction [AZE] sites), and Protected Planet. We present fourteen Data citations: numbers of species occurring and percentages threatened; numbers of endemics and percentages threatened; downscaled Red List Indices for mammals, birds, and amphibians; numbers, mean sizes, and percentage coverages of IBAs and AZE sites; percentage coverage of land and sea by protected areas; and trends in percentages of IBAs and AZE sites wholly covered by protected areas. These data will inform the regional/subregional assessment chapters on the status of biodiversity, drivers of its decline, and institutional responses, and greatly facilitate comparability and consistency between the different regional/subregional assessments.
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50
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Using Expectation Maximization and Resource Overlap Techniques to Classify Species According to Their Niche Similarities in Mutualistic Networks. ENTROPY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/e17117680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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