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Charoenpong P, Dhillon N, Murnane K, Goeders N, Hall N, Keller C, Bhuiyan MAN, Walter R. Methamphetamine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: data from the national biological sample and data repository for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH Biobank). BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001917. [PMID: 38061804 PMCID: PMC10711868 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compares the clinical and haemodynamic severity of methamphetamine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (MA-PAH) with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and connective tissue-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CTD-PAH). It also examines sex differences in clinical and physiological parameters among those with MA-PAH. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study using clinically derived data from the National Biological Sample and Data Repository for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH biobank), a US-based registry, to compare clinical and physiological characteristics between males and females with MA-PAH. POPULATION The analysis included 1830 patients enrolled in the PAH biobank, with a diagnosis of MA-PAH (n=42), IPAH (n=1073), or CTD-PAH (n=715). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The study assessed and compared the clinical and haemodynamic parameters of patients with MA-PAH, IPAH and CTD-PAH. RESULTS Among the patients analysed, 42 had MA-PAH, with 69.1% being female. There were no statistically significant differences in functional class among patients with MA-PAH, IPAH and CTD-PAH. The per cent predicted 6-min walk distance (6MWD) was comparable between the three groups. Patients with MA-PAH had similar mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance to patients with IPAH but higher compared with patients with CTD-PAH. Male patients with MA-PAH exhibited a worse functional class and lower per cent predicted 6MWD, but no significant differences in haemodynamic findings were observed between the sexes. CONCLUSION There were no differences in haemodynamic between MA-PAH and IPAH but we found that MA-PAH differed from CTD-PAH. The study did not find evidence of sex differences in MA-PAH. Further research is necessary to identify risk factors and underlying mechanisms of MA-PAH, particularly considering the increasing prevalence of methamphetamine use. Such investigations will contribute to the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prangthip Charoenpong
- Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Louisiana Addition Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Navneet Dhillon
- Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kevin Murnane
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Louisiana Addition Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nicholas Goeders
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Louisiana Addition Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nicole Hall
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Courtney Keller
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mohammad Alfrad Nobel Bhuiyan
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Informatics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Robert Walter
- Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Louisiana Addition Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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Chen L, Gu YJ, Zhang XG, Cheng L, Zhou MY, Yang Y, Wang Y. Macrophage microvesicle-derived circ_YTHDF2 in methamphetamine-induced chronic lung injury. J Physiol 2023; 601:5107-5128. [PMID: 37078283 DOI: 10.1113/jp284086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term abuse of methamphetamine (MA) can cause lung toxicity. Intercellular communication between macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is critical for maintaining lung homeostasis. Microvesicles (MVs) are an important medium of intercellular communication. However, the mechanism of macrophage MVs (MMVs) in MA-induced chronic lung injury remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate if MA can augment the activity of MMVs and if circ_YTHDF2 is a key factor in MMV-mediated macrophage-AEC communication, and to explore the mechanism of MMV-derived circ_YTHDF2 in MA-induced chronic lung injury. MA elevated peak velocity of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery accelerate time, reduced the number of alveolar sacs, thickened the alveolar septum, and accelerated the release of MMVs and the uptake of MMVs by AECs. Circ_YTHDF2 was downregulated in lung and MMVs induced by MA. The immune factors in MMVs were increased by si-circ_YTHDF. Circ_YTHDF2 knockdown in MMVs induced inflammation and remodelling in the internalised AECs by MMVs, which was reversed by circ_YTHDF2 overexpression in MMVs. Circ_YTHDF2 bound specifically to and sponged miRNA-145-5p. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) was identified as potential target of miR-145-5p. RUNX3 targeted zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1)-related inflammation and EMT of AECs. In vivo, circ_YTHDF2 overexpression-MMVs attenuated MA-induced lung inflammation and remodelling by the circ_YTHDF2-miRNA-145-5p-RUNX3 axis. Therefore, MA abuse can induce pulmonary dysfunction and alveolus injury. The immunoactivity of MMVs is regulated by circ_YTHDF2. Circ_YTHDF2 in MMVs is the key to communication between macrophages and AECs. Circ_YTHDF2 sponges miR-145-5p targeting RUNX3 to participate in ZEB1-related inflammation and remodelling of AECs. MMV-derived circ_YTHDF2 would be an important therapeutic target for MA-induced chronic lung injury. KEY POINTS: Methamphetamine (MA) abuse induces pulmonary dysfunction and alveoli injury. The immunoactivity of macrophage microvesicles (MMVs) is regulated by circ_YTHDF2. Circ_YTHDF2 in MMVs is the key to MMV-mediated intercellular communication between macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Circ_YTHDF2 sponges miR-145-5p targeting runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) to participate in zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1)-related inflammation and remodelling. MMV-derived circ_YTHDF2 would be an important therapeutic target for MA-induced chronic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying-Jian Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiang-Gui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Antwi I, Watkins D, Pedawi A, Ghrayeb A, Van de Vuurst C, Cory TJ. Substances of abuse and their effect on SAR-CoV-2 pathogenesis. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2023; 2:301-316. [PMID: 38013836 PMCID: PMC10474379 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2023-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, various reports suggest that there has been a significant increase in substance abuse due to social distancing and related issues. Several reports have suggested the impact of chronic substance use on individuals' physiological and psychological health. Therefore, there is a need to know the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on persons with substance use disorders. Individuals with substance use disorders are the most vulnerable groups and are at a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their already existing health issues associated with substance use. This review discusses some of the molecular and systemic/organic effects chronic substance use such as alcohol, nicotine, marijuana (cannabis), opioids, methamphetamine, and cocaine have on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and its potential cause for worsened disease outcomes in persons with substance use disorder. This will provide healthcare providers, public health policies, and researchers with the needed knowledge to address some of the many challenges faced during the Covid-19 pandemic to facilitate treatment strategies for persons with substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Antwi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Destiny Watkins
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alahn Pedawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Atheel Ghrayeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christine Van de Vuurst
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Theodore J. Cory
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Dong W, Wan J, Yu H, Shen B, Yang G, Nie Q, Tian Y, Qin L, Song C, Chen B, Li L, Hong S. Nrf2 protects against methamphetamine-induced nephrotoxicity by mitigating oxidative stress and autophagy in mice. Toxicol Lett 2023; 384:136-148. [PMID: 37567421 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a widely abused drug that can cause kidney damage. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that regulates resistance to oxidative and proteotoxic stress. In this study, we investigated the role of Nrf2 in MA-induced renal injury in mice. Nrf2 was pharmacologically activated and genetically knocked-out in mice. The animal model of MA-induced nephrotoxicity was established by injecting MA (2 mg/kg) intraperitoneally twice a day for 5 days. Histopathological alterations were shown in the MA-exposed kidneys. MA significantly increased renal function biomarkers and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels. MA decreased superoxide dismutase activity and increased malondialdehyde levels. Autophagy-related factors (LC3 and Beclin 1) were elevated in MA-treated mice. Furthermore, Nrf2 increased in the MA-exposed kidneys. Activation of Nrf2 may attenuate histopathological changes in the kidneys of MA-treated mice. Pre-administration of Nrf2 agonist significantly decreased KIM-1 expression, oxidative stress, and autophagy in the kidneys after MA toxicity. In contrast, Nrf2 knockout mice treated with MA lost renal tubular morphology. Nrf2 deficiency increased KIM-1 expression, oxidative stress, and autophagy in the MA-exposed kidneys. Our results demonstrate that Nrf2 may protect against MA-induced nephrotoxicity by mitigating oxidative stress and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jia Wan
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Hao Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baoyu Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Genmeng Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qianyun Nie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Pathology Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yan Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lixiang Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chunhui Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bingzheng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lihua Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Shijun Hong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
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Associations and relative risks of pulmonary hypertension and lung diseases in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder. Pulmonology 2023:S2531-0437(23)00008-9. [PMID: 36907811 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methamphetamine causes considerable short- and long-term adverse health effects. Our aim was to assess the effects of methamphetamine use on pulmonary hypertension and lung diseases at the population level. METHODS This population-based retrospective study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2000 and 2018 that included 18,118 individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) and 90,590 matched participants of the same age and sex without substance use disorder as the non-exposed group. A conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate associations of methamphetamine use with pulmonary hypertension and lung diseases such as lung abscess, empyema, pneumonia, emphysema, pleurisy, pneumothorax, or pulmonary hemorrhage. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of pulmonary hypertension and hospitalization due to lung diseases were determined between the methamphetamine group and non-methamphetamine group using negative binomial regression models. RESULTS During an 8-year observation period, 32 (0.2%) individuals with MUD and 66 (0.1%) non-methamphetamine participants suffered from pulmonary hypertension, and 2652 (14.6%) individuals with MUD and 6157 (6.8%) non-methamphetamine participants suffered from lung diseases. After adjusting for demographic characteristics and comorbidities, individuals with MUD were 1.78 times (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-2.95) more likely to have pulmonary hypertension and 1.98 times (95% CI = 1.88-2.08) more likely to have a lung disease, especially emphysema, lung abscess, and pneumonia in descending order. Furthermore, compared to the non-methamphetamine group, the methamphetamine group was associated with higher risks of hospitalization caused by pulmonary hypertension and lung diseases. The respective IRRs were 2.79 and 1.67. Individuals with polysubstance use disorder were associated with higher risks of empyema, lung abscess, and pneumonia compared to individuals with MUD alone, with respective adjusted odds ratios of 2.96, 2.21, and 1.67. However, pulmonary hypertension and emphysema did not differ significantly between MUD individuals with or without polysubstance use disorder. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with MUD were associated with higher risks of pulmonary hypertension and lung diseases. Clinicians need to ensure that a methamphetamine exposure history is obtained as part of the workup for these pulmonary diseases and provide timely management for this contributing factor.
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Nagot N, Hai VV, Dong TTT, Hai OKT, Rapoud D, Hoang GT, Quillet C, Minh KP, Vallo R, Nham TTT, Castellani J, Feelemyer J, Des Jarlais DC, Nguyen LP, Van Le H, Nguyen NV, Vo LNQ, Duong HT, Moles JP, Laureillard D. Alarming Tuberculosis Rate Among People Who Inject Drugs in Vietnam. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofab548. [PMID: 35106311 PMCID: PMC8801226 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is not homogeneous in the general population but presents high-risk groups. People who inject drugs (PWID) are such a group. However, TB among PWID remains largely undocumented. Our goal was to assess the prevalence of TB and the risk factors associated with TB among PWID in Vietnam. METHODS We implemented a cross-sectional survey among 2 community-based cohorts of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative PWID in Hai Phong. Participants were screened for TB using questions on TB symptoms. Those who reported any symptom were accompanied by peers to the TB clinic for chest x-ray. If the latter was abnormal, a sputum was collected to perform an Xpert MTB/RIF test. RESULTS A total of 885 PWID were screened for TB. For both cohorts, most PWID were male (>90.0%), with a median age of 42 years. Beside heroin injection, 52.5% of participants reported smoking methamphetamine, and 63.2% were on methadone. Among HIV-positive PWID (N = 451), 90.4% were on antiretroviral therapy and 81.6% had a viral load <1000 copies/mL. Using a complete-case analysis, the estimated TB prevalence was 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-4.5) and 2.1% (95% CI, 0.8-4.2) among HIV-positive and HIV-negative people, respectively. Living as a couple, arrest over the past 6 months, homelessness, and smoking methamphetamine were independently associated with TB but not HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS In the context of very large antiretroviral therapy coverage, this extremely high rate of TB among PWID requires urgent actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Nagot
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic & Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Antilles-Guyane, Montpellier, France
| | - Vinh Vu Hai
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Viet Tiep Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Delphine Rapoud
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic & Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Antilles-Guyane, Montpellier, France
| | - Giang Thi Hoang
- Department of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Catherine Quillet
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic & Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Antilles-Guyane, Montpellier, France
| | - Khue Pham Minh
- Department of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Roselyne Vallo
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic & Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Antilles-Guyane, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Joëlle Castellani
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic & Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Antilles-Guyane, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Feelemyer
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Don C Des Jarlais
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Hoi Van Le
- National TB control program, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Huong Thi Duong
- Department of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Jean-Pierre Moles
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic & Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Antilles-Guyane, Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Laureillard
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic & Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Antilles-Guyane, Montpellier, France
- Infectious Diseases Department, Caremeau University Hospital, Nimes, France
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Cornwell DQ, Thompson AR, Ivie RM, Working ZM, Friess DM, Meeker JE. Methamphetamine in Orthopaedics: Considerations of an At-Risk Population. JBJS Rev 2021; 9:01874474-202106000-00012. [PMID: 34550663 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.20.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» Methamphetamine use by orthopaedic trauma patients has risen to epidemic proportions. » Perioperative methamphetamine use by orthopaedic trauma patients requires physicians to consider both medical and psychosocial factors during treatment. » Behavioral and psychosocial effects of methamphetamine use present barriers to care. » Patients who use methamphetamine face elevated rates of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Q Cornwell
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland,
| | - Austin R Thompson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland,
| | - Ryan M Ivie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Zachary M Working
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland,
| | - Darin M Friess
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland,
| | - James E Meeker
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland,
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Hernandez-Santini AC, Mitha AN, Chow D, Hamed MF, Gucwa AL, Vaval V, Martinez LR. Methamphetamine facilitates pulmonary and splenic tissue injury and reduces T cell infiltration in C57BL/6 mice after antigenic challenge. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8207. [PMID: 33859291 PMCID: PMC8050260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a strong addictive central nervous system stimulant. METH abuse can alter biological processes and immune functions necessary for host defense. The acquisition and transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and other communicable diseases are possible serious infectious consequences of METH use. METH also accumulates extensively in major organs. Despite METH being a major public health and safety problem globally, there are limited studies addressing the impact of this popular recreational psychostimulant on tissue adaptive immune responses after exposure to T cell dependent [ovalbumin (OVA)] and independent [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] antigens. We hypothesized that METH administration causes pulmonary and splenic tissue alterations and reduces T cell responses to OVA and LPS in vivo, suggesting the increased susceptibility of users to infection. Using a murine model of METH administration, we showed that METH causes tissue injury, apoptosis, and alters helper and cytotoxic T cell recruitment in antigen challenged mice. METH also reduces the expression and distribution of CD3 and CD28 molecules on the surface of human Jurkat T cells. In addition, METH decreases the production of IL-2 in these T-like cells, suggesting a negative impact on T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. Our findings demonstrate the pleotropic effects of METH on cell-mediated immunity. These alterations have notable implications on tissue homeostasis and the capacity of the host to respond to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anum N Mitha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Chow
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed F Hamed
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1395 Center Drive, Room DG-48, P.O. Box 100424, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Azad L Gucwa
- Department of Biology, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, NY, USA
| | - Valerie Vaval
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University, C. W. Post, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - Luis R Martinez
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1395 Center Drive, Room DG-48, P.O. Box 100424, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Zhu MJ, Liu BY, Shi L, Wang X, Wang Y. mTOR-autophagy promotes pulmonary senescence through IMP1 in chronic toxicity of methamphetamine. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12082-12093. [PMID: 32918374 PMCID: PMC7579718 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is growingly concerned about methamphetamine (MA)-induced lung toxicity. IMP1 is identified as a key molecule for cell life processes, but the role of IMP1 in MA-induced senescence remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether chronic exposure to MA can cause autophagy and senescence of the lungs, whether there are interactions between Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and IMP1 and whether IMP1 is involved in pulmonary senescence promoted by mTOR-autophagy. The rats were randomly divided into control group and MA group, following by H&E staining, immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot. The alveolar epithelial cells were proceeded by ß-galactosidase staining, cell cycle detection, transfection and co-immunoprecipitation. Long-term exposure to MA led to the thickening of alveolar septum and more compact lungs. MA promoted the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and inhibited the activation of mTOR to induce autophagy. Bioinformatics and co-immunoprecipitation results presented the interactions between IMP1 and mTOR. MA induced cell senescence by decreasing IMP1, up-regulating p21 and p53, arresting cell cycle and increasing SA-β-gal. Overexpression of IMP1 reduced p21 and SA-β-gal to inhibit the senescence of alveolar epithelial cells. These results demonstrated that mTOR-autophagy promotes pulmonary senescence through IMP1 in chronic toxicity of methamphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jia Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing-Yang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Shi L, Liu BY, Wang X, Zhu MJ, Chen L, Zhou MY, Gu YJ, Cheng L, Wang Y. RUNX3-dependent oxidative epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in methamphetamine-induced chronic lung injury. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:793-802. [PMID: 32681471 PMCID: PMC7479662 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung toxicity is the main cause of the death from methamphetamine (MA) abuse, but its mechanism has remained unclear. The purpose of our study was to investigate if MA can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and if RUNX3 is involved in oxidative EMT in MA-induced chronic lung injury. The rats were divided into the control group and MA group. Extracted lungs were used for morphological measurements and Western blot. The alveolar epithelial cells were cultured or transfected and then treated with MA or/and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) followed by flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Chronic exposure to MA resulted in the lower growth ratio of weight, increased right ventricular index, thickened alveolar walls, and reduced number of alveolar sacs. Long-term administration with MA caused oxidative stress and pulmonary EMT. NAC increased RUNX3 and alleviated EMT. However, after knockdown of RUNX3, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were significantly upregulated, indicating that RUNX3 was closely related to oxidative stress. Knockdown of RUNX3 aggravated MA-induced EMT by activating RUNX3-dependent TGF-β signaling. Therefore, RUNX3 may be the key to oxidative EMT in methamphetamine-induced chronic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Yang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Jia Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jian Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Wang C, Yang W, Liang X, Song W, Lin J, Sun Y, Guan X. MicroRNA-761 modulates foam cell formation and inflammation through autophagy in the progression of atherosclerosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 474:135-146. [PMID: 32772311 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage-derived foam cells formation is the initial stage of atherosclerosis, and lipid-laden macrophage accumulation is also considered as the symbol of unstable plaque. Autophagy is a subcellular process responsible for the degradation of damaged organelles and aggregated proteins in cells (Grootaert in Oxid Med Cell Longev: 7687083, 2018). Macrophage autophagy plays an important role in atherosclerosis under various stress conditions, and microRNAs are involved in this complicated process. The present study was programmed to explore the effects of microRNA-761 on macrophage-derived foam cell formation, focusing on the role of autophagy in this pathological process. The differentiated human THP-1 macrophages were used in the study. THP-1-derived macrophages were treated with miR-761 mimics or inhibitors and cultured with oxidized low-density lipoprotein to mimic the lipid-rich environment in blood vessel. The expression of miR-761 and mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The effect of miR-761 on autophagy was evaluated by the protein levels of Beclin1, p62/SQSTM1, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), determined by immunoblot and autophagic flux detected by fluorescent staining. The secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent reaction kit. Lipid accumulation in foam cells was detected by oil red "O" staining. We demonstrated that miR-761 was able to repress foam cell formation and reduce the production of atherogenic inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in an autophagy-dependent manner in atherosclerosis, possibly via mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway. In summary, we described an athero-protective function of miR-761 in macrophages incubated with excess ox-LDL and identified an important novel modulator of mTOR signaling and autophagy in macrophage-derived foam cells. This finding may provide a potential target for the prevention and early treatment in high-risk group of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, NanGang, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, NanGang, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Liang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, NanGang, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, NanGang, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, NanGang, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, NanGang, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuru Guan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, NanGang, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Wang X, Liu M, Zhu MJ, Shi L, Liu L, Zhao YL, Cheng L, Gu YJ, Zhou MY, Chen L, Kumar A, Wang Y. Resveratrol protects the integrity of alveolar epithelial barrier via SIRT1/PTEN/p-Akt pathway in methamphetamine-induced chronic lung injury. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12773. [PMID: 32020692 PMCID: PMC7106965 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives SIRT1 is an antioxidative factor, but its mechanism in methamphetamine (MA)‐induced lung injury remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine whether MA can disrupt the integrity of alveolar epithelial barrier, whether SIRT1 is involved in MA‐induced chronic lung injury and whether Resveratrol (Res) can protect the integrity of alveolar epithelial cells by regulating ROS to activate SIRT1/PTEN/p‐Akt pathway. Materials and methods The rats were randomly divided into control group and MA group. Extracted lungs were detected by Western blot, HE staining and immunohistochemistry. The alveolar epithelial cells were treated with MA or/and Res, following by Western blot, LDH leakage assay and flow cytometry. MOE is used for bio‐informatics prediction. Results Chronic exposure to MA can cause slower growth ratio of weight, increased RVI and induced lung injury including the reduced number of alveolar sacs and the thickened alveolar walls. MA‐induced apoptosis was associated with SIRT1‐related oxidative stress. Res suppressed ROS levels, activated SIRT1, negatively regulated PTEN, phosphorylated Akt, reduced LDH leakage, increased the expression of ZO‐1 and E‐cadherin and inhibited the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells to attenuate MA‐induced higher permeability of alveolar epithelium. Conclusions MA disrupted the integrity of alveolar epithelial barrier. Res inhibited oxidative stress and reversed MA‐induced higher permeability and apoptosis of alveolar epithelium by the activation of SIRT1/PTEN/p‐Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Drug Control, Criminal Investigation Police, University of China, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei-Jia Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan-Ling Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying-Jian Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Liang LY, Wang MM, Liu M, Zhao W, Wang X, Shi L, Zhu MJ, Zhao YL, Liu L, Maurya P, Wang Y. Chronic toxicity of methamphetamine: Oxidative remodeling of pulmonary arteries. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 62:104668. [PMID: 31629073 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) has a high uptake in lung, but the precise mechanism of MA-induced lung toxicity remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of MA abuse in remodeling of pulmonary arteries and to explore the possible correlation of the association of the remodeling with the redox imbalance in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and MA group for the experimental study. We employed H&E staining, western blot, immunofluorescence, knockdown, flow in our experimental approach. Our studies shows that chronic exposure to MA led to weight loss, increased pulmonary arterial pressure, hypertrophy of right ventricle and remodeling of pulmonary arterial wall of rats. Our cell culture study with PASMCs indicates that MA significantly induced the imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis by upregulating the level of PCNA, Bcl-2 and reduction in the expression of BAX and Caspase 3. MA markedly prevented the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 to inhibit antioxidation. The knockdown of Nrf2 expression using siRNA significantly elevated the expression of SOD2/GCS and the production of ROS in PASMCs and even scaled up the amount of PASMCs induced by MA. Linear regression analysis showed that knockdown of Nrf2 promoted the positive correlation of relative ROS level with proliferation of PASMCs. Therefore, chronic exposure to MA induces pulmonary arterial remodeling by Nrf2-mediated imbalance of redox system to aggravate oxidative stress, and Nrf2 is a possible target for the treatment of MA-lung toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ye Liang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Sleep Medical Center, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, PR China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Drug Control, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang, Liaoning 110854, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Drug Control, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang, Liaoning 110854, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Mei-Jia Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Yuan-Ling Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Preeti Maurya
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, CVRI, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China.
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14
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Ye J, Xue M, Liu Y, Zhu S, Li Y, Liu X, Cai D, Rui J, Zhang L. Diosbulbin B-Induced Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis in L-02 Hepatocytes is Regulated by Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:676. [PMID: 31275148 PMCID: PMC6593359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Diosbulbin B (DB) is a major diterpenoid compound found in Dioscorea bulbifera L, a traditional medicinal herb in China. Clinical reports have confirmed that Dioscorea bulbifera L. can induce significant hepatotoxicity. In this study, we showed that DB can induce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and investigated the role of autophagy in DB-induced hepatotoxicity in L-02 hepatocytes. Methods: L-02 hepatocytes were treated with different concentrations of DB for 48 h, after which indicators of autophagy and apoptosis were measured. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) and rapamycin (Rapa) were used as inhibitor and agonist of autophagy, respectively. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) was used in combination with DB to evaluate the relationship between ROS and autophagy. Results: L-02 cell viability was significantly decreased after treatment with DB for 48 h. Additionally, DB induced concentration-dependent apoptosis and autophagy and increased the activities of caspase-3, caspase-9, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST), and induced excessive leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA increased DB-induced apoptosis, resulting in aggravation of hepatotoxicity. Conversely, treatment with Rapa increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Moreover, we found that DB treatment increased the level of intracellular ROS, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and caused abnormal opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), which were finally restored by the ROS scavenger NAC. Conclusions: Accumulation of ROS can induce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and likely to play a key role in DB-induced hepatocellular injury. Activation of autophagy may inhibit apoptosis, but also reduces antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Xue
- College of Preclinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sirui Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Danhong Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Rui
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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15
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Wang Y, Gu YH, Liang LY, Liu M, Jiang B, Zhu MJ, Wang X, Shi L. Concurrence of autophagy with apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells contributes to chronic pulmonary toxicity induced by methamphetamine. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12476. [PMID: 29956395 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methamphetamine (MA) abuse evokes pulmonary toxicity. The aim of our study is to investigate if autophagy is induced by MA and if autophagy-initiated apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells is involved in MA-induced chronic pulmonary toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats in Control group and MA group were tested by Doppler and HE staining. The alveolar epithelial cells were treated with MA, following by western blot, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS Chronic exposure to MA resulted in lower growth ratio of weight and in higher heart rate and peak blood flow velocity of the main pulmonary artery of rats. MA induced infiltration of inflammatory cells in lungs, more compact lung parenchyma, thickened alveolar septum and reduction in the number of alveolar sacs. In alveolar epithelial cells, the autophagy marker LC3 and per cent of cells containing LC3-positive autophagosome were significantly increased. MA dose dependently suppressed the phosphorylation of mTOR to inactivate mTOR, elicited autophagy regulatory proteins LC3 and Beclin-1, accelerated the transformation from LC3 I to LC3 II and initiated apoptosis by decreasing Bcl-2 and increasing Bax, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved Caspase 3. The above results suggest that sustained autophagy was induced by long-term exposure to MA and that the increased Beclin-1 autophagy initiated apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Concurrence of autophagy with apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells contributes to chronic pulmonary toxicity induced by MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Han Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Ye Liang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Drug Control, China Criminal Police University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei-Jia Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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