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Kogler A, Sadoghi B, Draschl A, Chromy D, Binder L, Schiefer-Niederkorn A, Hofmann-Wellenhof EL, Wolf P. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium at pharyngeal and anorectal sites in patients presenting to an STI outpatient ward. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38606611 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is unbridled and on the rise. Extragenital STIs (anal and pharyngeal infections) are commonly asymptomatic, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment and consequently higher chances of onward transmission. OBJECTIVE The aim of this observational single-centre study was to determine the prevalence of STIs at extragenital sites in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients presenting at an STI outpatient clinic. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who presented between October 2019 and February 2021 at the STI outpatient clinic of a tertiary centre in Central Europe. Patients were included in the study if they received at least one pharyngeal and/or anorectal swab in addition to a genital swab for multiplex-PCR STI diagnostics. Demographic data, symptoms and serological results were collected and analysed. RESULTS Data collected from 440 patients were analysed (mean age: 33.9 years, male: n = 345, 78.4%, female: n = 95, 21.6%). Ninety-seven males reported having sex with men (MSM); 174 patients identified as heterosexual (132 males, 42 females), and 10 females as bisexual. The sexual orientation was not reported in 159 cases. An STI was confirmed in 195 patients (44.3%) and, among those, 109 patients (55.9%) tested positive for an STI at extragenital sites. Seventy-one patients had a pharyngeal STI whereas 61 were infected in the anorectal region. Of those suffering from an extragenital STI, 64.2% (70 out of 109) tested negative for relevant pathogens at genital sites. The most frequently detected extragenital pathogen was Neisseria gonorrhoeae (71.8% of all pharyngeal STIs [51 out of 71], 55.7% of anorectal STIs [34 out of 61]), followed by Chlamydia trachomatis (41.0% of all anal infections [25 out of 61], 5.6% of pharyngeal infections [4 out of 71]). Pharyngeal and anorectal infections were asymptomatic in 88.7% [63 out of 71] and 65.6% [40 out of 61] of the cases, respectively. CONCLUSION These results underline the need to perform multisite testing, regardless of the presence of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kogler
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - B Sadoghi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Draschl
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - D Chromy
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Binder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Schiefer-Niederkorn
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - E L Hofmann-Wellenhof
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Huynh J, Ghoreschi FC, Werner RN, Ghoreschi K, Moritz RKC. Livid-erythematöse sukkulente Papeln und Plaques bei einer 54-jährigen Patientin: Livid-erythematous succulent papules and plaques in a 54-year-old female patient. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:129-132. [PMID: 38212921 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15309_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Huynh
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - Franziska C Ghoreschi
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - Ricardo Niklas Werner
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - Rose K C Moritz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
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3
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Sadoghi B, Posch F, Komericki P, Tripolt-Droschl K, Kränke B, Ahyai SA, Strimitzer-Komericki T, Hutterer GC. Pre-test probability of sexually transmitted infections in persons presenting to a STI clinic: A prospective study. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:98-100. [PMID: 38032225 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Sadoghi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Posch
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Komericki
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Birger Kränke
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sasha A Ahyai
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Strimitzer-Komericki
- Department of Risk Assessment, Data & Statistics, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg C Hutterer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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4
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Sadoghi B, Posch F, Komericki P, Tripolt-Droschl K, Kränke B, Ahyai SA, Strimitzer-Komericki T, Hutterer GC. Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit sexuell übertragbarer Infektionen bei Personen, die sich an einer STI-Klinik vorstellen: Eine prospektive Studie: Pre-test probability of sexually transmitted infections in persons presenting to a STI clinic: A prospective study. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:98-101. [PMID: 38212909 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15255_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Sadoghi
- Abteilung für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
| | - Florian Posch
- Abteilung für Hämatologie, Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
| | - Peter Komericki
- Abteilung für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
| | | | - Birger Kränke
- Abteilung für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
| | - Sasha A Ahyai
- Abteilung für Urologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
| | - Tanja Strimitzer-Komericki
- Abteilung für Risikobewertung, Daten & Statistik, Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit, Graz, Österreich
| | - Georg C Hutterer
- Abteilung für Urologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
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5
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Huynh J, Ghoreschi FC, Werner RN, Ghoreschi K, Moritz RKC. Livid-erythematous succulent papules and plaques in a 54-year-old female patient. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:129-132. [PMID: 38115167 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Huynh
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - Franziska C Ghoreschi
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - Ricardo Niklas Werner
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
| | - Rose K C Moritz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
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6
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Buder S. [Urethritis-spectrum of pathogens, diagnostics and treatment]. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 74:835-850. [PMID: 37847382 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-023-05230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
A broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses can cause urethritis. In particular, N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, M. genitalium and T. vaginalis are the focus of diagnostic considerations as classic pathogens associated with sexually transmitted infections (STI). A step-by-step procedure is needed to make a definitive diagnosis. Microscopy with a staining preparation provides an initial differentiation between gonoccocal and non-gonococcal urethritis in symptomatic men as a point-of-care (POC) test. Nucleic acid amplification technology (NAAT) is used for specific and sensitive pathogen detection and, as a multiplex diagnostic test, offers the possibility of detecting several organisms from the same sample. In addition, compared to culture, no vital organisms are required, which allows the collection and use of more diverse and less invasive biological samples (e.g. first stream urine in men or vaginal swabs). Susceptibility testing by culture remains essential for N. gonorrhoeae as resistance is emerging. The treatment of urethritis depends on the suspected or proven pathogen according to the current guidelines. Treatment failure can be caused by many factors (coinfection, lack of therapy adherence, reinfection or resistance of the pathogen) and requires a repeated diagnostic and therapeutic procedure and differentiated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Buder
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Vivantes Klinikum Berlin Neukölln, Rudower Str. 48, 12351, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Konsiliarlabor für Gonokokken, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland.
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7
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Rubio-Sánchez R, Ubeda C, Ríos-Reina R. Feasibility of using volatile urine fingerprints for the differentiation of sexually transmitted infections. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6363-6376. [PMID: 37615721 PMCID: PMC10560160 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem worldwide, and current diagnostic methods have certain limitations. In recent years, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been studied as an alternative diagnostic method. Due to this, this study aimed to detect, in vaginal swabs and urine samples, VOCs emitted by highly prevalent STIs-causing bacteria (Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) to identify potential biomarkers that allow the detection of these STIs. VOCs detected in urine samples showed a better differentiation of patients with STIs due to C. trachomatis from those not infected, with 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone as the volatile compound most related to the presence of this bacterium. Among the VOCs most related to M. genitalium in urine, 4-methyltetradecane and 2-methylpentadecane stood out, while 3,4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one was the VOC most closely related to N. gonorrhoeae infection. Moreover, C12 alcohols were the main VOC family associated with positive samples in all three bacteria, which could indicate the presence of aldehyde reductases in their metabolism. In contrast, alcohols such as 3-methyl-1-heptanol and 1-octanol, as well as dimethyl esters, were more associated with negative samples and may be useful in ruling out an STI caused by one of these three bacteria. In short, the VOCs identified as potential biomarkers in patients with infection by C. trachomatis, M. genitalium, or N. gonorrhoeae could be used in the early diagnosis of these STIs, quickly interrupting the chain of transmission, especially interesting in asymptomatic patients. KEY POINTS: • Sexually transmitted infections are a serious public health problem worldwide. • The study of VOCs in multiple infections is increasing in recent years. • The identification of volatile biomarkers could allow new diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rubio-Sánchez
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, 41014 Seville, Spain
| | - Cristina Ubeda
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Ríos-Reina
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
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8
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Madanchi M, Brenner M, Navarini AA, Juratli HA. Ageusia as a symptom of monkeypox infection. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:1035-1036. [PMID: 37282803 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matiar Madanchi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maja Brenner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Hazem A Juratli
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Madanchi M, Brenner M, Navarini AA, Juratli HA. Ageusie als Symptom bei Affenpockeninfektion. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:1035-1037. [PMID: 37700418 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15118_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matiar Madanchi
- Dermatologische Abteilung, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Schweiz
| | - Maja Brenner
- Dermatologische Abteilung, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Schweiz
| | | | - Hazem A Juratli
- Dermatologische Abteilung, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Schweiz
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10
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Vojtech L, Paktinat S, Luu T, Teichmann S, Soge OO, Suchland R, Barbee LA, Khosropour CM. Use of viability PCR for detection of live Chlamydia trachomatis in clinical specimens. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2023; 5:1199740. [PMID: 37601895 PMCID: PMC10436598 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2023.1199740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The current testing approach to diagnose Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection relies on nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). These tests are highly sensitive, but do not distinguish between active infection and residual bacterial nucleic acid which may remain after resolution of infection, or via cross-contamination. Better methods to assess the viability of CT detected in clinical samples would be useful in determining the relevance of CT detection in a variety of clinical settings. The goal of this study was to test viability PCR (vPCR) as a method to distinguish viable bacteria from non-viable CT. Methods The vPCR relies on a propidium monoazide dye (PMAxx), which intercalates into accessible DNA from dead organisms and prevents their detection in a PCR assay for the CT ompA gene. We used digital PCR to quantify absolute genome copy numbers from samples. We validated the vPCR approach using laboratory stocks of CT with known viability. Then, we tested total DNA, viable CT DNA, and culture results from 18 clinical vaginal specimens and 25 rectal clinical specimens, all of which had tested positive by NAAT. Results In laboratory stocks of CT, vPCR using defined ratios of heat-killed to live bacteria tracked closely with expected results. In vaginal clinical specimens, vPCR and total DNA results were correlated, though total DNA genomes outnumbered viable genomes by 2.2-52.6-fold more copies. As expected, vPCR detected more total genomes than culture results. Both vPCR and total DNA correlated with culture results (Spearman correlation R = 0.8425 for total DNA and 0.8056 for vPCR). Ten rectal NAAT positive specimens were negative by total DNA PCR, vPCR, and were negative or inconclusive by culture. Of the 6 rectal specimens that were culture positive, all were total DNA and vPCR positive. vPCR additionally detected viable bacterial DNA in 8 specimens which were NAAT + and culture negative, though levels were very low (mean 1,357 copies/ml). Conclusions vPCR is a fast and easy method to assess viability in clinical specimens and is more correlated with culture results than total DNA PCR. Inconsistent ratios between total DNA and vPCR results suggest that the amount of dead bacteria varies considerably in clinical specimens. Results from rectal specimens suggest that many NAAT positive specimens do not in fact represent live replicating bacteria, and likely result in significant overuse of unnecessary antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Vojtech
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shahrokh Paktinat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tiffany Luu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stella Teichmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Olusegun O. Soge
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Robert Suchland
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lindley A. Barbee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Public Health – Seattle and King County, HIV/STD Program, Seattle, WA, United States
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Zhou J, Zhang H, Tang K, Liu R, Li J. An Updated Review of Recent Advances in Neurosyphilis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:800383. [PMID: 36203756 PMCID: PMC9530046 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.800383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurosyphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum invading the central nervous system, of which the incidence is increasing worldwide. Due to its variable clinical manifestations, diagnosis of neurosyphilis remains challenging, especially the asymptomatic form. This review focuses on recent advances in neurosyphilis, including epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, comorbidities, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and basic research. The expansion of men who have sex with men and the infection of human immunodeficiency virus mainly accounted for the increasing incidence of neurosyphilis. The rate of some historically described forms of neurosyphilis in the pre-antibiotic era declined significantly; atypical features are more prevalent. Neurosyphilis, regarded as a great mimicker for neuro-ophthalmic, audio-vestibular, and psychiatric disorders, often presents concomitantly with other diseases, including metabolic disorders. Studies on long non-coding RNAs, miRNAs, chemokines, and metabolites in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid may facilitate exploring the pathogenesis and identifying novel biomarkers of neurosyphilis. The drug resistance of Treponema pallidum to penicillin has not been reported; ceftriaxone was proposed to be more effective than penicillin, whereas few randomized controlled trials supported this view. This study may pave the way for further research, especially the diagnosis and treatment of neurosyphilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keyun Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runzhu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Li
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12
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MIL-101 (Fe) @Ag Rapid Synergistic Antimicrobial and Biosafety Evaluation of Nanomaterials. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113497. [PMID: 35684436 PMCID: PMC9182184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which have become popular in recent years as excellent carriers of drugs and biomimetic materials, have provided new research ideas for fighting pathogenic bacterial infections. Although various antimicrobial metal ions can be added to MOFs with physical methods, such as impregnation, to inhibit bacterial multiplication, this is inefficient and has many problems, such as an uneven distribution of antimicrobial ions in the MOF and the need for the simultaneous addition of large doses of metal ions. Here, we report on the use of MIL-101(Fe)@Ag with efficient metal-ion release and strong antimicrobial efficiency for co-sterilization. Fe-based MIL-101(Fe) was synthesized, and then Ag+ was uniformly introduced into the MOF by the substitution of Ag+ for Fe3+. Scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to investigate the synthesized MIL-101(Fe)@Ag. The characteristic peaks of MIL-101(Fe) and silver ions could be clearly seen in the PXRD pattern. Comparing the diffraction peaks of the simulated PXRD patterns clearly showed that MIL-101(Fe) was successfully constructed and silver ions were successfully loaded into MIL-101(Fe) to synthesize an MOF with a bimetallic structure, that is, the target product MIL-101(Fe)@Ag. The antibacterial mechanism of the MOF material was also investigated. MIL-101(Fe)@Ag exhibited low cytotoxicity, so it has potential applications in the biological field. Overall, MIL-101(Fe)@Ag is an easily fabricated structurally engineered nanocomposite with broad-spectrum bactericidal activity.
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13
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Hansen I, Augustin M, Schäfer I, Mohr N. Epidemiologie von Hautkrankheiten in Deutschland: Systematische Literaturanalyse des aktuellen Forschungsstands - Teil 3: infektiöse Hauterkrankungen. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:589-596. [PMID: 35578419 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14702_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Hansen
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen (IVDP), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg
| | - Matthias Augustin
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen (IVDP), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg
| | - Ines Schäfer
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen (IVDP), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg
| | - Nicole Mohr
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen (IVDP), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg
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14
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Hansen I, Augustin M, Schäfer I, Mohr N. Epidemiology of skin diseases in Germany: systematic review of the current state of research - part 3: infectious skin diseases. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:589-595. [PMID: 35384269 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to systematically collect all previously published population-based epidemiological data on skin diseases in Germany. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE for the period of the last 15 years. With the aim to include all dermatological diseases, a diagnostic list based on the ICD-11 catalogue was compiled. This list included 1,347 skin diseases and formed the basis for the search. The present part 3 of the publication series deals with infectious skin diseases. The results on cutaneous tumor diseases (part 1) and non-infectious skin diseases (part 2) form the other parts of this publication series. The literature search yielded 4,605 hits, of which 72 papers on 43 different skin diseases were included in the synthesis. Among them were twelve hits on infectious dermatoses, of which six papers were related to measles. The highest lifetime prevalence rates were found for varicella and verrucae vulgaris. This work is the first systematic literature review that aimed to report all available epidemiological data on skin diseases in Germany. It was found that representative data on many infectious diseases are not yet available. Among the included studies, a high heterogeneity was found with regard to the methodology. Nevertheless, these epidemiological data have a wide range of uses and can serve as a reference for various epidemiological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Hansen
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Augustin
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ines Schäfer
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Mohr
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Skaletz-Rorowski A, Potthoff A, Nambiar S, Basilowski M, Wach J, Kayser A, Kasper A, Brockmeyer NH. Online-HIV/STI-Risikotest (ORT): Eine prospektive Querschnittsstudie unter sexuell aktiven Personen in Deutschland. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:306-315. [PMID: 35304954 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14674_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Skaletz-Rorowski
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Bochum.,Interdisziplinäre Immunologische Ambulanz, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Ruhr Universität Bochum
| | - Anja Potthoff
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Bochum.,Interdisziplinäre Immunologische Ambulanz, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Ruhr Universität Bochum
| | - Sandeep Nambiar
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Bochum.,Interdisziplinäre Immunologische Ambulanz, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Ruhr Universität Bochum
| | - Miriam Basilowski
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Bochum
| | - Janet Wach
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Bochum.,Gesundheitsamt Bochum
| | - Arne Kayser
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Bochum.,Aidshilfe Bochum e.V., Bochum
| | - Andre Kasper
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Bochum.,Interdisziplinäre Immunologische Ambulanz, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Ruhr Universität Bochum
| | - Norbert H Brockmeyer
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Bochum.,Interdisziplinäre Immunologische Ambulanz, Zentrum für Sexuelle Gesundheit und Medizin, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Ruhr Universität Bochum
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16
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Skaletz-Rorowski A, Potthoff A, Nambiar S, Basilowski M, Wach J, Kayser A, Kasper A, Brockmeyer NH. Online HIV/STI Risk Test (ORT): A prospective cross-sectional study among sexually active individuals in Germany. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:306-314. [PMID: 35218292 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal was to develop and evaluate an anonymous self-administrable web-based test to determine risk for HIV/STI. METHODS The Online HIV/STI Risk Test was developed and hosted since 12/2017. 11,529 participants completed the test and 10,668 were analyzed. The test included multiple choice questions about sociodemographic data, sexuality, sexual risk behavior, HIV/STI testing. Participant data was stratified by gender and sexuality and analyzed. RESULTS 84.5 % were aged 18-39, 7.5 % < 18 and 8.1 % > 40. Males were 53.1 %, female 46.3 % and trans 0.6 %. 12.5 % were men who have sex with men (MSM). 59.1 % and 66.0 % of participants were vaccinated for hepatitis A and B respectively, but 75.1 % unvaccinated for HPV. Prior and repeated instances of HIV or other STI were higher among MSM. Yet, 61.4 % females, 70 % males and 55.4 % MSM had never tested for an STI. Although prevalence of > 3 sexual partners in the last twelve months was highest among MSM, condomless sex was greater among women. 34.5 % of males, 25.6 % of females, and 75 % of MSM engaged in anal sex respectively. CONCLUSIONS The online HIV/STI Risk Test is a useful tool to acquire data on STI risk-behavior for strategizing STI prevention, testing, and vaccination, thus improving sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Skaletz-Rorowski
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anja Potthoff
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sandeep Nambiar
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Miriam Basilowski
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany
| | - Janet Wach
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Public Health Department Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Kayser
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Aids Service Organization Bochum e.V., Bochum, Germany
| | - Andre Kasper
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Norbert H Brockmeyer
- WIR - Walk In Ruhr, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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17
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Comparative Analysis of the Incidence of Selected Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections in Poland in 2010-2015: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11040998. [PMID: 35207273 PMCID: PMC8877531 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections are common infectious diseases. The main aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the incidence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections in 2010-2015 in Poland, taking into account the administrative division of the country into provinces. This was a retrospective study. The analysed data came from the Centre for Health Information Systems of the Ministry of Health and constituted information being the epidemiological surveillance system in Poland. The analysis included data on the incidence of primary and secondary syphilis, gonorrhoea and non-gonococcal urethritis and genital infections. The overall incidence rates were disproportionately lower than European rates and those presented in studies from other countries. Young people, between 20 and 29 years of age, were the key groups at the highest risk of infection. The incidence rate of primary and secondary syphilis was lower in Poland than in Europe or America, but some regions, such as Mazovia and Lodz provinces, were found to have a higher incidence rate than other European rates. The reported incidence of gonorrhoea in Poland was also significantly lower compared with other countries, with a significantly higher number of infections in males than in females, and this was also one of the highest rates in EU countries. During the study period, the number of non-gonococcal genital infections systematically decreased, while in other countries of the European region, the incidence was among the highest of all sexually transmitted infections.
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18
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Rummel M, Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Nellessen T, Zippel S, Schuster B, French LE, Reinholz M. Kenntnisse bayerischer Schüler zu sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen: eine Querschnittsstudie. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:169-176. [PMID: 35146879 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14653_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
HINTERGRUND UND ZIELE Trotz zahlreicher Informationsquellen und Kampagnen zu sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen (STI) haben diese Krankheiten in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren zugenommen. Ziel war es, das Bewusstsein und den Wissensstand junger Schüler in Bayern zu sexuell übertragbaren Krankheiten (STI) mit Schwerpunkt auf humane Papillomaviren (HPV) zu bewerten. METHODEN In einer vollständig irreversibel anonymisierten Querschnittsstudie wurden insgesamt 4100 bayerische Schüler im Alter zwischen 12 und 17 Jahren anhand eines Multiple-Choice-Fragebogens hierzu befragt. ERGEBNISSE Insgesamt wurden 3834 Fragebögen in die Datenanalyse einbezogen. Interessanterweise ist der Bekanntheitsgrad von HPV im Vergleich zu anderen STI bemerkenswert geringer. Mädchen und Jugendliche, die bereits vorbeugende Jugendgesundheitsuntersuchungen absolviert hatten, zeigten im Durchschnitt ein größeres Wissen über STI. Darüber hinaus konnten wir zeigen, dass Jugendliche mit geringerem Bildungsniveau, wie Realschüler, über die geringsten Kenntnisse verfügten. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN Die Querschnittsstudie zeigt, dass viele junge Menschen noch unzureichend über STI informiert sind. Die Informationslücken unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit einer intensiven und langfristigen Aufklärungsarbeit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Rummel
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergie, Universitätsklinikum der LMU München, Frauenlobstr 9-11, München, 80337, Deutschland
| | - Benjamin M Clanner-Engelshofen
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergie, Universitätsklinikum der LMU München, Frauenlobstr 9-11, München, 80337, Deutschland
| | - Tobias Nellessen
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergie, Universitätsklinikum der LMU München, Frauenlobstr 9-11, München, 80337, Deutschland
| | - Stefan Zippel
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergie, Universitätsklinikum der LMU München, Frauenlobstr 9-11, München, 80337, Deutschland
| | - Barbara Schuster
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergie, Universitätsklinikum der LMU München, Frauenlobstr 9-11, München, 80337, Deutschland
| | - Lars E French
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergie, Universitätsklinikum der LMU München, Frauenlobstr 9-11, München, 80337, Deutschland.,Dr. Phillip Frost Klinik für Dermatologie und Hautchirurgie, Universität von Miami, Miller School of Medicine
| | - Markus Reinholz
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergie, Universitätsklinikum der LMU München, Frauenlobstr 9-11, München, 80337, Deutschland
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19
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Rummel M, Clanner-Engelshofen BM, Nellessen T, Zippel S, Schuster B, French LE, Reinholz M. Evaluation of the knowledge of students concerning sexually transmitted infections in Bavaria/Germany (a cross-sectional study). J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:169-176. [PMID: 34997826 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite numerous information sources and campaigns on sexually transmitted infections (STIs), there has been an increase in STIs in Germany in recent years. The aim was to evaluate the awareness and knowledge level among young students in Bavaria/Germany for STIs with a focus on human papilloma viruses (HPV). METHODS In a cross-sectional survey rendered completely and irreversibly anonymous, a total of 4,100 students from Bavaria between the ages of 12 and 17 were interviewed using a multiple choice questionnaire about their knowledge and awareness of STI, on the basis of gender, school education and preventive youth health examinations that had taken place. RESULTS A total of 3,834 questionnaires were included in the data analysis. Interestingly, the awareness level for HPV is remarkably lower compared to other STIs. Girls and adolescents who had already taken preventive youth health examinations showed a higher knowledge of STIs on average. Additionally, we could show that adolescents of lower educational levels, such as secondary school students, had the least knowledge. CONCLUSIONS The cross-sectional study shows that many young people are still insufficiently informed about STIs. The gaps in information and lack of knowledge underline the necessity of intensive and long-term educational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Rummel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Nellessen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Zippel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Schuster
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Markus Reinholz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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20
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Meesaeng M, Sakboonyarat B, Thaiwat S. Incidence and risk factors of gonococcal urethritis reinfection among Thai male patients in a multicenter, retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22992. [PMID: 34837031 PMCID: PMC8626475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonococcal urethritis (GU) is the second most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). Epidemiologic studies of the situation of GU reinfection and its related risk factors among patients with a history of GU in Thailand remain somewhat limited. A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020 to determine the incidence and risk factors of GU reinfection among male patients visiting in Royal Thai Army (RTA) Hospitals. A total of 2,465 male patients presenting a history of GU was included in this study. In all, 147 (6.0%; 95% CI 5.1–6.9) male patients presented GU reinfection, representing an incidence rate of 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.5) per 100 person-years. The independent risk factors for GU reinfection were age < 30 years (AHR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0–2.8), number of sexual partners equal to 2 (AHR 3.4; 95% CI 1.0–11.2), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\ge$$\end{document}≥ 3 (AHR 5.6; 95% CI 2.7–11.6), and participants residing in the north (AHR 4.1; 95% CI 2.3–7.5) and northeast regions (AHR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1–3.9). Incidence of GU reinfection among male patients visiting RTA Hospitals was significantly high among younger aged patients, especially in the north and northeast regions. Multiple sex partners played a major role in GU reinfection. Effective STI prevention programs should be provided to alleviate reinfection and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monai Meesaeng
- Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Boonsub Sakboonyarat
- Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Supitchaya Thaiwat
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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21
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Characterization of sexually transmitted infections, their pharmacological treatment, and recurrence in a Colombian population. BIOMÉDICA 2021; 41:130-139. [PMID: 34669284 PMCID: PMC8686826 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections are a public health problem worldwide. Their inadequate antimicrobial management has been associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Objective: To characterize the main sexually transmitted infections, the adherence to clinical practice guidelines, and the factors associated with recurrence in Colombia. Materials and methods: We conducted an observational study to identify the main sexually transmitted infections, the sociodemographic variables, and the pharmacological management in a patient cohort from a population database of 6.5 million people affiliated with the Colombian health system. We made a multivariate analysis to identify the variables associated with recurrence. Results: We detected 3,158 patients with a mean age of 41.8 ± 14.5 years, of whom 63.1% were men. We found 4.030 episodes of sexually transmitted infections, predominantly urethral syndrome (27.5%). Only 13.6% of patients with urethral syndrome, ulcerative syndrome, or genital warts were managed in compliance with clinical practice guidelines and 20.6% were dispensed condoms; 16.7% of patients had recurrences and being male (OR=1.32; 95%CI 1.08-1.63), <30 years old (OR=1.72; 95%CI 1.40-2.13), being treated in municipalities other than capital cities (OR=1.43; 95%CI 1.06-1.94), and having received inadequate treatment for the first episode (OR=1.93; 95%CI 1.52-2.39) were associated with recurrence. Conclusions: The majority of patients with sexually transmitted infections were not treated in compliance with clinical practice guidelines and those who did not have adequate management had a higher risk of recurrence.
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22
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[Postexposure prophylaxis after sexual assault]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2021; 116:627-634. [PMID: 34533583 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-021-00864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Relevant exposure to important infectious pathogens can occur during sexual assault. If there is a latent period between exposure and illness due to an infection with pathogens, a postexposure prophylaxis can effectively inhibit the infection. In the present review article possible postexposure prophylaxis treatment for tetanus, hepatitis B, HIV and hepatitis A are discussed with a focus on the time window within which a specific regimen should be started and in which temporal order. These recommendations are based on the epidemiologic conditions in Germany. Moreover, the two most frequent sexually transmitted bacterial infections, namely Neisseria gonorrhoea and Chlamydia trachomatis are presented, as victims of sexual assault in particular often do not return for control investigations in an outpatient setting.
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23
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Young Holt B, Turpin JA, Romano J. Multipurpose Prevention Technologies: Opportunities and Challenges to Ensure Advancement of the Most Promising MPTs. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2021; 3:704841. [PMID: 36304018 PMCID: PMC9580637 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.704841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Young Holt
- Initiative for Multipurpose Prevention Technologies, CAMI Health, Public Health Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bethany Young Holt
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24
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Testing as Prevention of Resistance in Bacteria Causing Sexually Transmitted Infections-A Population-Based Model for Germany. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080929. [PMID: 34438979 PMCID: PMC8388946 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prescribed antibiotic treatments which do not match the therapeutic requirements of potentially co-existing undetected sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can facilitate the selection of antibiotic-drug-resistant clones. To reduce this risk, this modelling assessed the potential applicability of reliable rapid molecular test assays targeting bacterial STI prior to the prescription of antibiotic drugs. The modelling was based on the prevalence of three bacterial STIs in German heterosexual and men-having-sex-with-men (MSM) populations, as well as on reported test characteristics of respective assays. In the case of the application of rapid molecular STI assays for screening, the numbers needed to test in order to correctly identify any of the included bacterial STIs ranged from 103 to 104 for the heterosexual population and from 5 to 14 for the MSM population. The number needed to harm—defined as getting a false negative result for any of the STIs and a false positive signal for another one, potentially leading to an even more inappropriate adaptation of antibiotic therapy than without any STI screening—was at least 208,995 for the heterosexuals and 16,977 for the MSM. Therefore, the screening approach may indeed be suitable to avoid unnecessary selective pressure on bacterial causes of sexually transmitted infections.
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25
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Ramos MC, Sardinha JC, Alencar HDRD, Aragón MG, Lannoy LHD. Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: infections that cause genital ulcers. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e2020663. [PMID: 34008730 PMCID: PMC8210487 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-663-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections that cause genital ulcers are one of the themes comprising the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The Protocol and Guidelines have been developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article addresses clinical genital ulcer syndrome caused by sexually transmitted infections and its most common etiological agents: Treponema pallidum (syphilis), herpes simplex virus-2 (genital herpes) and herpes simplex virus-1 (perioral herpes), Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid), Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1, L2 and L3 (lymphogranuloma venereum), and Klebsiella granulomatis (donovanosis). Epidemiological and clinical aspects of these infections and guidelines for their diagnosis and treatment are presented, including strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control actions to support health managers and professionals in the qualification of care. Approximately 70% of the genital ulcers attended in specialized clinics are due to sexually transmitted infections, particularly in adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Carlos Sardinha
- Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venerologia Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | | | - Mayra Gonçalves Aragón
- Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Leonor Henriette de Lannoy
- Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brasil
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26
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de Lannoy LH, da Silva RJDC, Nahn EP, de Oliveira EC, Gaspar PC. Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: infections that cause urethral discharge. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e2020633. [PMID: 34008729 PMCID: PMC8210486 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-633-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article approaches infections that cause urethral discharge. This theme is part of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Ministry of Health of Brazil in 2020. These guidelines were prepared based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with experts. Urethritis can cause severe and even irreversible health damage when not properly treated, or when the microorganism develops antimicrobial resistance. It is noteworthy that the high levels of antimicrobial resistance grown by pathogens that cause urethritis comprises a global emergency in public health. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects, recommendations on diagnostic and treatment, and strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control actions for infections that cause urethral discharge, to contribute to managers' and health professionals' care qualification. Associated factors with urethritis are: young age, low socioeconomic level, multiple partnerships or new sexual partnership, history of STI, irregular use of condoms, and lack of access to adequate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Henriette de Lannoy
- Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Roberto José de Carvalho da Silva
- Faculdade das Américas, Centro Universitário, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Programa Estadual de DST/Aids, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Edilbert Pellegrini Nahn
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, RJ, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina de Campos, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Campos de Oliveira
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina, Gestão Estadual de DST/Aids/HIV de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Pâmela Cristina Gaspar
- Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil
- Universidade de Brasília, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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27
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Lannoy LHD, Silva RJDCD, Nahn Júnior EP, Oliveira ECD, Gaspar PC. [Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: infections that cause urethral discharge]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e2020633. [PMID: 33729412 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-4974202100009.esp1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article approach infections that cause urethral discharge, theme which is part of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Ministry of Health of Brazil in 2020. These guidelines were prepared based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with experts. When urethritis is not treated correctly, or when the microorganism develops antimicrobial resistance, it can cause serious and even irreversible health damage. It is noteworthy that the high levels of antimicrobial resistance developed by pathogens that causes urethritis comprises a global emergency in public health. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects, recommendations on diagnostic and treatment, and strategies for surveillance, prevention and control actions of infections that cause urethral discharge, with the purpose of contributing with managers and health professionals to care qualification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Campos de Oliveira
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina, Gerência Estadual de IST/Aids/HV, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
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Ramos MC, Sardinha JC, Alencar HDRD, Aragón MG, Lannoy LHD. [Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: infections that cause genital ulcers]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e2020663. [PMID: 33729413 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-4974202100010.esp1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections that cause genital ulcers are one of the themes comprising the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The Protocol and Guidelines have been developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article addresses clinical genital ulcer syndrome caused by sexually transmitted infections, and its most common etiological agents: Treponema pallidum (syphilis), herpes simplex virus-2 (genital herpes) and herpes simplex virus-1 (perioral herpes), Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid), Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1, L2 and L3 (venereal lymphogranuloma), and Klebsiella granulomatis (donovanosis). Epidemiological and clinical aspects of these infections are presented, as well as guidelines for their diagnosis and treatment, in addition to strategies for surveillance, prevention and control actions, with the purpose of supporting health managers and professionals in the qualification of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cunha Ramos
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Ambulatório de Dermatologia Sanitária, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - José Carlos Sardinha
- Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venerologia Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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Pilz AC, Tizek L, Rüth M, Seiringer P, Biedermann T, Zink A. Interest in Sexually Transmitted Infections: Analysis of Web Search Data Terms in Eleven Large German Cities from 2015 to 2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052771. [PMID: 33803324 PMCID: PMC7975972 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis has increased in recent years in the US and in European countries. In order to implement effective educational programs, the interests of target populations have to be identified. Since the internet is an important source of information-gathering on health issues, this study investigates web search data in large German cities related to STIs. Google Ads Keyword Planner was used to identify STI-related terms and their search volume in eleven German cities from June 2015 to May 2019. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively with regard to total search volumes, search volumes of specific thematic areas, and search volumes per 100,000 inhabitants. Overall, 741 terms with a total search volume of 5,142,560 queries were identified, with more than 70% of all search queries including a specific disease and “chlamydia” being the overall most often searched term (n = 1,196,160). Time courses of search behavior displayed a continuous interest in STIs with synchronal and national rather than regional peaks. Volumes of search queries lacked periodic patterns. Based on the findings of this study, a more open public discussion about STIs with linkage to increased media coverage and clarification of responsibilities among all STI-treating disciplines concerning management of STIs seem advisable.
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Banhart S, Jansen K, Buder S, Tamminga T, Calvignac-Spencer S, Pilz T, Martini A, Dudareva S, Nikisins S, Dehmel K, Zuelsdorf G, Guhl E, Graeber I, Kohl PK, Unemo M, Bremer V, Heuer D. Molecular epidemiological typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates identifies a novel association between genogroup G10557 (G7072) and decreased susceptibility to cefixime, Germany, 2014 to 2017. Euro Surveill 2020; 25:1900648. [PMID: 33063655 PMCID: PMC7565851 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.41.1900648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEmerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR) challenges gonorrhoea treatment and requires surveillance.AimThis observational study describes the genetic diversity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Germany from 2014 to 2017 and identifies N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) genogroups associated with AMR or some patient demographics.Methods1,220 gonococcal isolates underwent AMR testing and NG-MAST. Associations between genogroups and AMR or sex/age of patients were statistically assessed.ResultsPatients' median age was 32 years (interquartile range: 25-44); 1,078 isolates (88.4%) originated from men. In total, 432 NG-MAST sequence types including 156 novel ones were identified, resulting in 17 major genogroups covering 59.1% (721/1,220) of all isolates. Genogroups G1407 and G10557 (G7072) were significantly associated with decreased susceptibility to cefixime (Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared: 549.3442, df: 16, p < 0.001). Their prevalences appeared to decline during the study period from 14.2% (15/106) to 6.2% (30/481) and from 6.6% (7/106) to 3.1% (15/481) respectively. Meanwhile, several cefixime susceptible genogroups' prevalence seemed to increase. Proportions of isolates from men differed among genogroups (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.001), being e.g. lower for G25 (G51) and G387, and higher for G5441 and G2992. Some genogroups differed relative to each other in affected patients' median age (Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared: 47.5358, df: 16, p < 0.001), with e.g. G25 (G51) and G387 more frequent among ≤ 30 year olds and G359 and G17420 among ≥ 40 year olds.ConclusionAMR monitoring with molecular typing is important. Dual therapy (ceftriaxone plus azithromycin) recommended in 2014 in Germany, or only the ceftriaxone dose of this therapy, might have contributed to cefixime-resistant genogroups decreasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Banhart
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jansen
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Buder
- German Reference Laboratory for Gonococci, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Vivantes Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thalea Tamminga
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Pilz
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Martini
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Dudareva
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergejs Nikisins
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Dehmel
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Zuelsdorf
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Guhl
- German Reference Laboratory for Gonococci, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Vivantes Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Graeber
- German Reference Laboratory for Gonococci, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Vivantes Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter K Kohl
- German Reference Laboratory for Gonococci, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Vivantes Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magnus Unemo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Viviane Bremer
- Unit 'HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections', Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heuer
- Unit 'Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections', Department for Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Mwatelah R, McKinnon LR, Baxter C, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS. Mechanisms of sexually transmitted infection-induced inflammation in women: implications for HIV risk. J Int AIDS Soc 2019; 22 Suppl 6:e25346. [PMID: 31468677 PMCID: PMC6715949 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, sexually transmitted infections (STI) affect >300 million people annually, and are a major cause of sexual and reproductive health complications in women. In this commentary, we describe how STIs interact with the immune and non-immune cells, both within and below the cervicovaginal mucosal barrier, to cause inflammation, which in turn has been associated with increased HIV acquisition risk. DISCUSSION STIs have a major impact on the female genital mucosa, which is an important biological and physical barrier that forms the first line of defence against invading microorganisms such as HIV. Pattern recognition of STI pathogens, by receptors expressed either on the cell surface or inside the cell, typically triggers inflammation at the mucosal barrier. The types of mucosal responses vary by STI, and can be asymptomatic or culminate in the formation of discharge, ulcers and/or warts. While the aim of this response is to clear the invading microbes, in many cases these responses are either evaded or cause pathology that impairs barrier integrity and increases HIV access to target cells in the sub-mucosa. In addition, innate responses to STIs can result in an increased number of immune cells, including those that are the primary targets of HIV, and may contribute to the association between STIs and increased susceptibility to HIV acquisition. Many of these cells are mediators of adaptive immunity, including tissue-resident cells that may also display innate-like functions. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is another common cause of inflammation, and evidence for multiple interactions between BV, STIs and HIV suggest that susceptibility to these conditions should be considered in concert. CONCLUSIONS STIs and other microbes can induce inflammation in the genital tract, perturbing the normal robust function of the mucosal barrier against HIV. While the impact of STIs on the mucosal immune system and HIV acquisition is often under-appreciated, understanding their interactions of the infections with the immune responses play an important role in improving treatment and reducing the risk of HIV acquisition. The frequent sub-clinical inflammation associated with STIs underscores the need for better STI diagnostics to reverse the immunological consequences of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Mwatelah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)University of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Cheryl Baxter
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)University of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)University of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
- Department of EpidemiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)University of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
- Department of EpidemiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
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