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Wang J, Li SP, Ge Y, Wang XY, Gao S, Chen T, Yu FH. Darwin's naturalization conundrum reconciled by changes of species interactions. Ecology 2023; 104:e3850. [PMID: 36173233 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although phylogenetic distance between native and exotic species has a close link with their interactions, it is still unclear how environmental stresses and species interactions influence the relationship between phylogenetic distance and biological invasions. Here we assessed the effect of invader-native phylogenetic distance on the growth of the invader (Symphyotrichum subulatum) under three levels of drought (no, moderate, or intense drought). Under no drought, interspecific competition between close relatives was the dominant process and native communities more closely related to the invader showed higher resistance to invasion, supporting Darwin's naturalization hypothesis. In contrast, under intense drought, facilitation between close relatives by mutualism with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) became more important, and the invader became more successful in their more closely related native communities, supporting the preadaptation hypothesis. The colonization rate of AMF of the invader was higher in more closely related native communities regardless of the drought treatment, but it was only positively related to invader biomass under intense drought. Therefore, the shift of species interactions from competition to facilitation may be ascribed to the promotion of AMF to invasion occurring under intense drought, which leads to the effect of closely related natives on the invader shifting from negative to positive. Our results provide a new angle to resolve Darwin's naturalization conundrum from the change of species interactions along a stress gradient, and provide important clues for invasion management when species interactions change in response to global climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shao-Peng Li
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song Gao
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Chen
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Herzog SA, Latvis M. Community‐level phylogenetic diversity does not differ between rare and common lineages across tallgrass prairies in the northern Great Plains. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9453. [PMID: 36340814 PMCID: PMC9627050 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Niche differentiation has served as one explanation for species coexistence, and phylogenetic relatedness provides a means to approximate how ecologically similar species are to each other. To explore the contribution of rare species to community phylogenetic diversity, we sampled 21 plant communities across the Prairie Coteau ecoregion, an area of high conservation concern. We used breakpoint analysis through the iterative addition of less abundant species to the phylogenetic tree for each community to assess the contribution of rare species to community phylogenetic diversity. We also quantify the phylogenetic signal of abundance using Blomberg's K statistic and calculated the phylogenetic similarity between rare and common species using a phylogenetic beta‐diversity metric (Dnn). To estimate the phylogenetic structuring of these prairie communities, we calculated two common metrics that capture evolutionary relatedness at different scales (MPD and MNTD). Additionally, we examine the correlation between Faith's PD, MPD, and MNTD and species richness. We found rare species do not generally contribute higher levels of phylogenetic diversity than common species. Eight communities had significant breakpoints, with only four communities having an increasing trend for the rarest species. The phylogenetic signal for abundance was low but significant in only four communities, and communities had lower phylogenetic diversity than expected from the regional species pool. Finally, the strength of the correlation between species richness and phylogenetic diversity was mixed. Our results indicate niche differentiation does not explain the persistence of rare species in tallgrass prairies, as they were more closely related than expected from random, suggesting high functional redundancy between rare and common species. This is promising for the long‐term resilience of this ecosystem, but only insofar as enough species remain in the system. With ongoing biodiversity loss, it is essential that we understand the role rare species play in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Herzog
- Department of Natural Resource ManagementSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth DakotaUSA,C.A. Taylor HerbariumSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth DakotaUSA,Division of BiologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA
| | - Maribeth Latvis
- Department of Natural Resource ManagementSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth DakotaUSA,C.A. Taylor HerbariumSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth DakotaUSA
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3
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Qian H, Chu C, Li D, Cao Y, Sandel B, Anas MUM, Mandrak NE. Effects of non‐native species on phylogenetic dispersion of freshwater fish communities in North America. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qian
- Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum Springfield Illinois USA
- Illinois Natural History Survey Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Champaign Illinois USA
| | - Cindy Chu
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada Burlington Ontario Canada
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
- Center for Computation & Technology, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Yong Cao
- Illinois Natural History Survey Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Champaign Illinois USA
| | - Brody Sandel
- Department of Biology Santa Clara University Santa Clara California USA
| | - M. U. Mohamed Anas
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Nicholas E. Mandrak
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Ontario Canada
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4
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Xu M, Li S, Dick JTA, Gu D, Fang M, Yang Y, Hu Y, Mu X. Exotic fishes that are phylogenetically close but functionally distant to native fishes are more likely to establish. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5683-5694. [PMID: 35904066 PMCID: PMC9543100 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since Darwin's time, degree of ecological similarity between exotic and native species has been assumed to affect the establishment success or failure of exotic species. However, a direct test of the effect of exotic-native similarity on establishment of exotics is scarce because of the difficulty in recognizing failures of species to establish in the field. Here, using a database on the establishment success and failure of exotic fish species introduced into 673 freshwater lakes, we evaluate the effect of similarity on the establishment of exotic fishes by combining phylogenetic and functional information. We illustrate that, relative to other biotic and abiotic factors, exotic-native phylogenetic and functional similarities were the most important correlates of exotic fish establishment. While phylogenetic similarity between exotic and resident fish species promoted successful establishment, functional similarity led to failure of exotics to become established. Those exotic species phylogenetically close to, but functionally distant from, native fishes were most likely to establish successfully. Our findings provide a perspective to reconcile Darwin's naturalization conundrum and suggest that, while phylogenetic relatedness allows exotic fish species to pre-adapt better to novel environments, they need to possess distinct functional traits to reduce competition with resident native fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien SpeciesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Alien Species and Ecological Security (CAFS)Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Shao‐peng Li
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jaimie T. A. Dick
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Dangen Gu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien SpeciesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Alien Species and Ecological Security (CAFS)Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Miao Fang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien SpeciesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Alien Species and Ecological Security (CAFS)Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yexin Yang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien SpeciesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Alien Species and Ecological Security (CAFS)Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yinchang Hu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien SpeciesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Alien Species and Ecological Security (CAFS)Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xidong Mu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien SpeciesMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Alien Species and Ecological Security (CAFS)Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesGuangzhouChina
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Razanajatovo M, Rakoto Joseph F, Rajaonarivelo Andrianina P, van Kleunen M. Floral visitation to alien plants is non‐linearly related to their phylogenetic and floral similarity to native plants. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mialy Razanajatovo
- Ecology, Department of Biology University of Konstanz Constance Germany
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology University of Hohenheim Ottilie‐Zeller‐Weg 2 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | | | | | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology University of Konstanz Constance Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Taizhou China
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Omer A, Fristoe T, Yang Q, Razanajatovo M, Weigelt P, Kreft H, Dawson W, Dullinger S, Essl F, Pergl J, Pyšek P, van Kleunen M. The role of phylogenetic relatedness on alien plant success depends on the stage of invasion. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:906-914. [PMID: 35953709 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Darwin's naturalization hypothesis predicts successful alien invaders to be distantly related to native species, whereas his pre-adaptation hypothesis predicts the opposite. It has been suggested that depending on the invasion stage (that is, introduction, naturalization and invasiveness), both hypotheses, now known as Darwin's naturalization conundrum, could hold true. We tested this by analysing whether the likelihood of introduction for cultivation, as well as the subsequent stages of naturalization and spread (that is, becoming invasive) of species alien to Southern Africa are correlated with their phylogenetic distance to the native flora of this region. Although species are more likely to be introduced for cultivation if they are distantly related to the native flora, the probability of subsequent naturalization was higher for species closely related to the native flora. Furthermore, the probability of becoming invasive was higher for naturalized species distantly related to the native flora. These results were consistent across three different metrics of phylogenetic distance. Our study reveals that the relationship between phylogenetic distance to the native flora and the success of an alien species changes from one invasion stage to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Omer
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
- Department of Forest Management, University of Khartoum, North Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Trevor Fristoe
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mialy Razanajatovo
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology (320a), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institut Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Division of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Essl
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology-Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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Marx HE, Carboni M, Douzet R, Perrier C, Delbart F, Thuiller W, Lavergne S, Tank DC. Can functional genomic diversity provide novel insights into mechanisms of community assembly? A pilot study from an invaded alpine streambed. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12075-12091. [PMID: 34522362 PMCID: PMC8427620 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An important focus of community ecology, including invasion biology, is to investigate functional trait diversity patterns to disentangle the effects of environmental and biotic interactions. However, a notable limitation is that studies usually rely on a small and easy-to-measure set of functional traits, which might not immediately reflect ongoing ecological responses to changing abiotic or biotic conditions, including those that occur at a molecular or physiological level. We explored the potential of using the diversity of expressed genes-functional genomic diversity (FGD)-to understand ecological dynamics of a recent and ongoing alpine invasion. We quantified FGD based on transcriptomic data measured for 26 plant species occurring along adjacent invaded and pristine streambeds. We used an RNA-seq approach to summarize the overall number of expressed transcripts and their annotations to functional categories, and contrasted this with functional trait diversity (FTD) measured from a suite of characters that have been traditionally considered in plant ecology. We found greater FGD and FTD in the invaded community, independent of differences in species richness. However, the magnitude of functional dispersion was greater from the perspective of FGD than from FTD. Comparing FGD between congeneric alien-native species pairs, we did not find many significant differences in the proportion of genes whose annotations matched functional categories. Still, native species with a greater relative abundance in the invaded community compared with the pristine tended to express a greater fraction of genes at significant levels in the invaded community, suggesting that changes in FGD may relate to shifts in community composition. Comparisons of diversity patterns from the community to the species level offer complementary insights into processes and mechanisms driving invasion dynamics. FGD has the potential to illuminate cryptic changes in ecological diversity, and we foresee promising avenues for future extensions across taxonomic levels and macro-ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Marx
- Department of Biology & Museum of Southwestern BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | | | - Rolland Douzet
- CNRSLautaretJardin du LautaretUniversité Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | | | - Franck Delbart
- CNRSLautaretJardin du LautaretUniversité Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA)CNRSUniversité Grenoble AlpesUniversité Savoie Mont BlancGrenobleFrance
| | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA)CNRSUniversité Grenoble AlpesUniversité Savoie Mont BlancGrenobleFrance
| | - David C. Tank
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary StudiesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
- Stillinger HerbariumUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
- Present address:
Department of Botany and Rocky Mountain HerbariumUniversity of WyomingLaramieWY82072‐3165USA
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8
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Schrader J, Wright IJ, Kreft H, Westoby M. A roadmap to plant functional island biogeography. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2851-2870. [PMID: 34423523 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Island biogeography is the study of the spatio-temporal distribution of species, communities, assemblages or ecosystems on islands and other isolated habitats. Island diversity is structured by five classes of process: dispersal, establishment, biotic interactions, extinction and evolution. Classical approaches in island biogeography focused on species richness as the deterministic outcome of these processes. This has proved fruitful, but species traits can potentially offer new biological insights into the processes by which island life assembles and why some species perform better at colonising and persisting on islands. Functional traits refer to morphological and phenological characteristics of an organism or species that can be linked to its ecological strategy and that scale up from individual plants to properties of communities and ecosystems. A baseline hypothesis is for traits and ecological strategies of island species to show similar patterns as a matched mainland environment. However, strong dispersal, environmental and biotic-interaction filters as well as stochasticity associated with insularity modify this baseline. Clades that do colonise often embark on distinct ecological and evolutionary pathways, some because of distinctive evolutionary forces on islands, and some because of the opportunities offered by freedom from competitors or herbivores or the absence of mutualists. Functional traits are expected to be shaped by these processes. Here, we review and discuss the potential for integrating functional traits into island biogeography. While we focus on plants, the general considerations and concepts may be extended to other groups of organisms. We evaluate how functional traits on islands relate to core principles of species dispersal, establishment, extinction, reproduction, biotic interactions, evolution and conservation. We formulate existing knowledge as 33 working hypotheses. Some of these are grounded on firm empirical evidence, others provide opportunities for future research. We organise our hypotheses under five overarching sections. Section A focuses on plant functional traits enabling species dispersal to islands. Section B discusses how traits help to predict species establishment, successional trajectories and natural extinctions on islands. Section C reviews how traits indicate species biotic interactions and reproduction strategies and which traits promote intra-island dispersal. Section D discusses how evolution on islands leads to predictable changes in trait values and which traits are most susceptible to change. Section E debates how functional ecology can be used to study multiple drivers of global change on islands and to formulate effective conservation measures. Islands have a justified reputation as research models. They illuminate the forces operating within mainland communities by showing what happens when those forces are released or changed. We believe that the lens of functional ecology can shed more light on these forces than research approaches that do not consider functional differences among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schrader
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Holger Kreft
- Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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Simon ADF, Marx HE, Starzomski BM. Phylogenetic restriction of plant invasion in drought-stressed environments: Implications for insect-pollinated plant communities in water-limited ecosystems. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10042-10053. [PMID: 34367557 PMCID: PMC8328464 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-pollinator community diversity has been found to decrease under conditions of drought stress; however, research into the temporal dimensions of this phenomenon remains limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of seasonal drought on the temporal niche dynamics of entomophilous flowering plants in a water-limited ecosystem. We hypothesized that closely related native and exotic plants would tend to share similar life history and that peak flowering events would therefore coincide with phylogenetic clustering in plant communities based on expected phenological responses of plant functional types to limitations in soil moisture availability. LOCATION Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. METHODS Combining methods from pollinator research and phylogenetic community ecology, we tested the influence of environmental filtering over plant community phenology across gradients of landscape disturbance and soil moisture. Floral resource availability and community structure were quantified by counts of flowering shoots. We constructed a robust phylogeny to analyze spatial and temporal variation in phylogenetic patterns across the landscape, testing the significance of the observed patterns against a randomly generated community phylogeny. Phylogenetic metrics were then regressed against factors of disturbance and soil moisture availability. RESULTS Critical seasonal fluctuations in floral resources coincided with significant phylogenetic clustering in plant communities, with decreasing plant diversity observed under conditions of increasing drought stress. Exotic plant species in the Asteraceae became increasingly pervasive across the landscape, occupying a late season temporal niche in drought-stressed environments. MAIN CONCLUSION Results suggest that environmental filtering is the dominant assembly process structuring the temporal niche of plant communities in this water-limited ecosystem. Based on these results, and trends seen elsewhere, the overall diversity of plant-pollinator communities may be expected to decline with the increasing drought stress predicted under future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah E. Marx
- Department of BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
- Museum of Southwestern BiologyAlbuquerqueNMUSA
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10
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Campbell SE, Mandrak NE. Context dependence in community composition of functional traits mediates freshwater fish invasion success in the Laurentian Great Lakes over time. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Trotta LB, Siders ZA, Sessa EB, Baiser B. The role of phylogenetic scale in Darwin's naturalization conundrum in the critically imperilled pine rockland ecosystem. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Trotta
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Zachary A. Siders
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Emily B. Sessa
- Department of Biology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Benjamin Baiser
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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12
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Pinto‐Ledezma JN, Villalobos F, Reich PB, Catford JA, Larkin DJ, Cavender‐Bares J. Testing Darwin’s naturalization conundrum based on taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional dimensions of vascular plants. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús N. Pinto‐Ledezma
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota 1479 Gortner Avenue Saint Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Fabricio Villalobos
- Red de Biología Evolutiva Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya 91070Xalapa Veracruz México
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota 1530 Cleveland Avenue Saint Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales 2753 Australia
| | - Jane A. Catford
- Department of Geography King’s College London Strand London WC2B 4BG UK
| | - Daniel J. Larkin
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota 135 Skok Hall, 2003 Upper Buford Circle Saint Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Jeannine Cavender‐Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota 1479 Gortner Avenue Saint Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
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13
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Marx HE, Richards M, Johnson GM, Tank DC. Increasing phylogenetic stochasticity at high elevations on summits across a remote North American wilderness. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:958-970. [PMID: 31291472 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE At the intersection of ecology and evolutionary biology, community phylogenetics can provide insights into overarching biodiversity patterns, particularly in remote and understudied ecosystems. To understand community assembly of the high alpine flora in the Sawtooth National Forest, USA, we analyzed phylogenetic structure within and between nine summit communities. METHODS We used high-throughput sequencing to supplement existing data and infer a nearly completely sampled community phylogeny of the alpine vascular flora. We calculated mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) and mean pairwise distance (MPD) to quantify phylogenetic divergence within summits, and assessed whether maximum elevation explains phylogenetic structure. To evaluate similarities between summits, we quantified phylogenetic turnover, taking into consideration microhabitats (talus vs. meadows). RESULTS We found different patterns of community phylogenetic structure within the six most species-rich orders, but across all vascular plants phylogenetic structure was largely not different from random. There was a significant negative correlation between elevation and tree-wide phylogenetic diversity (MPD) within summits: overdispersion degraded as elevation increased. Between summits, we found high phylogenetic turnover driven by greater niche heterogeneity on summits with alpine meadows. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide further evidence that stochastic processes may also play an important role in the assembly of vascular plant communities in high alpine habitats at regional scales. However, order-specific patterns suggest that adaptations are still important for assembly of specific sectors of the plant tree of life. Further studies quantifying functional diversity will be important in disentangling the interplay of eco-evolutionary processes that likely shape broad community phylogenetic patterns in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Marx
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-3051, USA
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-3051, USA
| | - Melissa Richards
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-3051, USA
| | - Grahm M Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-3051, USA
- Stillinger Herbarium, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3026, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-3026, USA
| | - David C Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-3051, USA
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-3051, USA
- Stillinger Herbarium, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3026, Moscow, Idaho, 83844-3026, USA
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14
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Radinger J, Alcaraz‐Hernández JD, García‐Berthou E. Environmental filtering governs the spatial distribution of alien fishes in a large, human‐impacted Mediterranean river. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Radinger
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic EcologyUniversity of Girona Girona Spain
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin Germany
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15
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Ng J, Weaver WN, Laport RG. Testing Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum using phylogenetic relationships: Generalizable patterns across disparate communities? DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julienne Ng
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado
| | - William N. Weaver
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado
| | - Robert G. Laport
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado
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16
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Multispecies plant invasion increases function but reduces variability across an understorey metacommunity. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Trotta LB, Baiser B, Possley J, Li D, Lange J, Martin S, Sessa EB. Community phylogeny of the globally critically imperiled pine rockland ecosystem. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:1735-1747. [PMID: 30300935 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Community phylogenetic methods incorporate information on evolutionary relationships into studies of organismal assemblages. We used a community phylogenetic framework to investigate relationships and biogeographic affinities and to calculate phylogenetic signal of endemism and invasiveness for the flora of the pine rocklands-a globally critically imperiled ecosystem with a significant portion of its distribution in South Florida, United States. METHODS We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of 538 vascular plant taxa, which represent 92.28% of the vascular flora of the pine rocklands. We estimated phylogenetic signal for endemism and invasiveness using phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models. We determined the native range for each species in the data set and calculated the total number of species sourced from each region and all possible combinations of these regions. KEY RESULTS The pine rockland flora includes representatives of all major vascular plant lineages, and most species have native ranges in the New World. There was strong phylogenetic signal for endemism, but not for invasiveness. CONCLUSIONS Community phylogenetics has high potential value for conservation planning, particularly for fragmented and endangered ecosystems like the pine rockland. Strong phylogenetic signal for endemic species in our data set, which also tend to be threatened or endangered, can help to identify species at risk, as well as fragments where those species occur, highlighting conservation priorities. Our results indicate, at least in the pine rockland ecosystem, no phylogenetic signal for invasive species, and thus other information must be used to predict the potential for invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Trotta
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Benjamin Baiser
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - James Lange
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Sarah Martin
- The Nature Conservancy, Maitland, FL
- Institute for Regional Conservation, Delray Beach, FL
| | - Emily B Sessa
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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18
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Cadotte MW, Campbell SE, Li SP, Sodhi DS, Mandrak NE. Preadaptation and Naturalization of Nonnative Species: Darwin's Two Fundamental Insights into Species Invasion. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:661-684. [PMID: 29489400 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Predicting which nonnative species become invasive is critical for their successful management, and Charles Darwin provided predictions based on species' relatedness. However, Darwin provided two opposing predictions about the relatedness of introduced nonnatives to indigenous species. First, environmental fit is the dominant factor determining invader success; thus, we should expect that invasive species are closely related to local native residents. Alternatively, if competition is important, we should expect successful invaders are distantly related to the native residents. These opposing expectations are referred to as Darwin's naturalization conundrum. The results of studies that examine nonnative species relatedness to natives are largely inconsistent. This inconsistency arises from the fact that studies occur at different spatial and temporal scales, and at different stages of invasion, and so implicitly examine different mechanisms. Further, while species have evolved ecological differences, the mode and tempo of evolution can affect species' differences, complicating the predictions from simple hypotheses. We outline unanswered questions and provide guidelines for collecting the data required to test competing hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Sara E Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Shao-Peng Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Darwin S Sodhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas E Mandrak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
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19
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Park DS, Worthington S, Xi Z. Taxon sampling effects on the quantification and comparison of community phylogenetic diversity. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:1296-1308. [PMID: 29423927 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ecologists are increasingly making use of molecular phylogenies, especially in the fields of community ecology and conservation. However, these phylogenies are often used without full appreciation of their underlying assumptions and uncertainties. A frequent practice in ecological studies is inferring a phylogeny with molecular data from taxa only within the community of interest. These "inferred community phylogenies" are inherently biased in their taxon sampling. Despite the importance of comprehensive sampling in constructing phylogenies, the implications of using inferred community phylogenies in ecological studies have not been examined. Here, we evaluate how taxon sampling affects the quantification and comparison of community phylogenetic diversity using both simulated and empirical data sets. We demonstrate that inferred community trees greatly underestimate phylogenetic diversity and that the probability of incorrectly ranking community diversity can reach up to 25%, depending on the dating methods employed. We argue that to reach reliable conclusions, ecological studies must improve their taxon sampling and generate the best phylogeny possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Park
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven Worthington
- Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhenxiang Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Sheppard CS, Carboni M, Essl F, Seebens H, Thuiller W. It takes one to know one: Similarity to resident alien species increases establishment success of new invaders. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine S. Sheppard
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Marta Carboni
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; CNRS; UMR 5553; Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA); Grenoble France
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology; University of Vienna; Wien Austria
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F); Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; CNRS; UMR 5553; Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine (LECA); Grenoble France
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E. Hulme
- The Bio‐Protection Research CentreLincoln University Lincoln New Zealand
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22
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Qian H, Sandel B. Phylogenetic relatedness of native and exotic plants along climate gradients in California, USA. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qian
- Research and Collections Center; Illinois State Museum; Springfield IL USA
| | - Brody Sandel
- Department of Biology; Santa Clara University; Santa Clara; CA USA
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23
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Carvallo GO, Castro SA. Invasions but not extinctions change phylogenetic diversity of angiosperm assemblage on southeastern Pacific Oceanic islands. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182105. [PMID: 28763508 PMCID: PMC5538740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed changes in phylogenetic diversity of angiosperm flora on six oceanic islands located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, by comparing flora from two periods: the pre-European colonization of islands and current times. We hypothesize that, in the time between these periods, extinction of local plant species and addition of exotic plants modified phylogenetic-α-diversity at different levels (deeper and terminal phylogeny) and increased phylo-β-diversity among islands. Based on floristic studies, we assembled a phylogenetic tree from occurrence data that includes 921 species, of which 165 and 756 were native or exotic in origin, respectively. Then, we studied change in the phylo-α-diversity and phylo-β-diversity (1 -Phylosor) by comparing pre-European and current times. Despite extinction of 18 native angiosperm species, an increase in species richness and phylo-α-diversity was observed for all islands studied, attributed to introduction of exotic plants (between 6 to 477 species per island). We did not observe significant variation of mean phylogenetic distance (MPD), a measure of the 'deeper' phylogenetic diversity of assemblages (e.g., orders, families), suggesting that neither extinctions nor introductions altered phylogenetic structure of the angiosperms of these islands. In regard to phylo-β-diversity, we detected temporal turnover (variation in phylogenetic composition) between periods to flora (0.38 ± 0.11). However, when analyses were performed only considering native plants, we did not observe significant temporal turnover between periods (0.07 ± 0.06). These results indicate that introduction of exotic angiosperms has contributed more notably than extinctions to the configuration of plant assemblages and phylogenetic diversity on the studied islands. Because phylogenetic diversity is closely related to functional diversity (species trait variations and roles performed by organisms), our results suggests that the introduction of exotic plants to these islands could have detrimental impacts for ecosystem functions and ecosystem services that islands provide (e.g. productivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón O. Carvallo
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Sergio A. Castro
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Santiago, Chile
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