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Declerck MHP, Jahan I, Lissone NPA, Walhain F, Chin A Fat R, Fleurkens M, Muradin SHJ, Cruden R, Ortibus E, Badawi N, Khandaker G. Hospital-based surveillance of children with cerebral palsy in Suriname: The Suriname cerebral palsy register. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:1485-1495. [PMID: 38525657 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM To describe the aetiological risk factors, clinical characteristics, access to rehabilitation, and educational status of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Suriname. METHOD Hospital-based surveillance of children with CP aged younger than 18 years was conducted at the Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Suriname (known as the Suriname CP Register [SUR-CPR]). Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, aetiological risk factors, clinical characteristics, rehabilitation, and educational status. Registry data on aetiological risk factors were compared with available national prevalence rates in Suriname. Descriptive statistics were reported. RESULTS Between August 2018 and March 2020, 82 children with CP (mean [SD] age 5 years 10 months [3 years 10 months]) attending the Academic Hospital Paramaribo were registered in the SUR-CPR. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 5 years 5 months (4 years 1 month). Spastic CP was predominant in 90.8% of children and 58.8% were classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III to V. Overall, 43.9% had preterm birth compared with 13.9% reported nationally (p < 0.001) and 61.6% had birth-related complications compared with 15% reported nationally (p < 0.001). Additionally, 39.1% had birth asphyxia and 23.2% had early feeding difficulties. Sixty-two percent were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, 54.0% of whom required ventilation. Most children (82.5%) had CP acquired pre- or perinatally and 17.5% had CP acquired postneonatally. Seventeen percent had never received any rehabilitation services, and 31.9% of the school-aged children were not enrolled in any education system. INTERPRETATION The high burden of known aetiological risk factors, delayed diagnosis, and severe functional impairment among children with CP registered at the Academic Hospital Paramaribo is concerning. Public health interventions targeting early diagnosis and early intervention could improve the functional outcome of children with CP in Suriname. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Almost half of the children with cerebral palsy (CP) had preterm birth, low birthweight, and signs of birth asphyxia. Most of the children were diagnosed after 5 years of age. Overall, 52.5% of children had severe forms of CP of whom only 36.6% received any assistive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies H P Declerck
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom Universiteit van Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Israt Jahan
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Fenna Walhain
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom Universiteit van Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Ruby Chin A Fat
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom Universiteit van Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | | | - Sarfaraz H J Muradin
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom Universiteit van Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Rhea Cruden
- Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Els Ortibus
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, Australia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Mayston MJ, Saloojee GM, Foley SE. ボバースフレームワーク:をむのにするシステマチックサイエンスのアプローチ. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:e112-e119. [PMID: 38239103 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
要旨現在、発達領域で推奨されているボバース臨床推論フレームワーク(Bobath Clinical Reasoning Framework: BCRF)によるボバース実践を、システム科学のレンズによって概念化し、小児期発症の障害に関連する様々な変数の相互関係・相関依存に対する全人的観点を提供する。BCRFはICFの各領域間の関係性を理解し、それぞれがどのように影響を与え、どのように影響を受けるのかを理解する助けとなる臨床推論の詳細なフレームワークである。BCRFは介入計画へとつながる観察に基づく学際的なシステムであり、実践的な推論のアプローチである。BCRFにより脳性麻痺(Cerebral Palsy: CP)などの障害における複雑な状況を全人的に理解し、神経学的障害がある人々の生涯にわたるマネジメントおよびハビリテーションの基盤を持つことができる。BCRFが用いる臨床推論は、個々人およびその社会的環境、とくに家族単位で見られる重要な文脈的要因を重視している。定型発達・非定型発達、病態生理(感覚運動・認知・行動)、神経科学の相互関連性、および、心身機能・身体構造レベルの構成要素がどのように活動・参加レベルに影響を与えるのか、BCRFはその理解に根差している。BCRFにとって不可欠なシステム科学system science※1)のモデルはCPの複雑性を理解および対応を進める有用な方法であり、何よりも大切な目標とはあらゆる文脈であらゆる個々人の生きた経験を最適化することである。.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gillian M Saloojee
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sarah E Foley
- Kids Plus Foundation, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Lewis SA, Ruttenberg A, Iyiyol T, Kong N, Jin SC, Kruer MC. Potential clinical applications of advanced genomic analysis in cerebral palsy. EBioMedicine 2024; 106:105229. [PMID: 38970919 PMCID: PMC11282942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) has historically been attributed to acquired insults, but emerging research suggests that genetic variations are also important causes of CP. While microarray and whole-exome sequencing based studies have been the primary methods for establishing new CP-gene relationships and providing a genetic etiology for individual patients, the cause of their condition remains unknown for many patients with CP. Recent advancements in genomic technologies offer additional opportunities to uncover variations in human genomes, transcriptomes, and epigenomes that have previously escaped detection. In this review, we outline the use of these state-of-the-art technologies to address the molecular diagnostic challenges experienced by individuals with CP. We also explore the importance of identifying a molecular etiology whenever possible, given the potential for genomic medicine to provide opportunities to treat patients with CP in new and more precise ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Lewis
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States; Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Andrew Ruttenberg
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tuğçe Iyiyol
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nahyun Kong
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States; Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States; Programs in Neuroscience and Molecular & Cellular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
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Mayston MJ, Saloojee GM, Foley SE. Le cadre de raisonnement clinique Bobath: un modèle de science des systèmes pour aborder la complexité des troubles neurodéveloppementaux, y compris la paralysie cérébrale. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:e84-e92. [PMID: 38351502 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
RésuméLa pratique Bobath actuelle telle qu'elle est recommandée dans le cadre du Bobath Clinical Reasoning Framework (BCRF) se base sur une application clinique de la science des systèmes. Elle offre une perspective holistique des relations entre les variables qui sont associées à l'apparition d'un handicap chez l'enfant. Le BCRF est un cadre de raisonnement clinique qui peut aider à comprendre les relations entre les domaines de la Classification Internationale du Fonctionnement, du Handicap et de la Santé. C'est un système d'observation transdisciplinaire de raisonnement pratique qui vise à proposer un plan d'intervention. Plus généralement, le BCRF permet une compréhension holistique de la complexité des situations associées à des troubles tels que la paralysie cérébrale et indique des choix d'adaptation et de prise en charge tout au long de la vie des personnes vivant avec des troubles neurologiques. Ce raisonnement clinique se base sur les facteurs contextuels importants de l'individu et de son environnement social, principalement la cellule familiale, et sur une compréhension des relations entre le développement typique et atypique, la physiopathologie (sensorimotrice, cognitive, comportementale) et les neurosciences, ainsi que sur l'impact des fonctions et des structures corporelles sur les activités et la participation. Le modèle de la science des systèmes du BCRF permet d'aborder la complexité de la paralysie cérébrale, avec l'objectif global d'optimiser l'expérience vécue par chaque individu dans chaque contexte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Mayston
- Division des biosciences, University College London, Londres, Royaume-Uni
| | - Gillian M Saloojee
- Département de physiothérapie, Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université des Pays-Bas, Londres, Royaume-Uni. des sciences de la santé, Université du Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Afrique du Sud
| | - Sarah E Foley
- Kids Plus Foundation, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australie
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Mayston MJ, Saloojee GM, Foley SE. El marco de razonamiento clínico de Bobath: Un modelo de ciencia de sistemas para abordar la complejidad de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo incluida la parálisis cerebral. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:e120-e129. [PMID: 38113324 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
ResumenLa actual práctica de desarrollo Bobath recomendada dentro del Marco de Razonamiento Clínico Bobath (BCRF) puede conceptualizarse utilizando la visión de la ciencia de los sistemas. Proporciona, así, una perspectiva holística de la interrelación e interconexión de las variables asociadas con la discapacidad aparecida durante la infancia. El BCRF se define como un marco exhaustivo de razonamiento clínico que puede aplicarse para ayudar a comprender las relaciones entre los dominios de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud, cómo se puede influir en esos dominios y cómo influyen entre sí. El BCRF es un sistema de observación transdisciplinario y de razonamiento práctico que da lugar a un plan de intervención. Esto proporciona una comprensión holística de la complexidad de las situaciones asociadas a trastornos como la parálisis cerebral (PC) y la base para la gestión y habilitación a lo largo de la vida de personas que viven con trastornos neurológicos. El razonamiento clínico utilizado por el BCRF se basa en los importantes factores contextuales del individuo y su entorno social, principalmente la unidad familiar. Se basa en la comprensión de las interrelaciones entre el desarrollo típico y atípico, la fisiopatología (sensoriomotora, cognitiva, conductual) y la neurociencia, así como el impacto de funciones y estructuras corporales sobre la actividad y la participación. El modelo de ciencia de sistemas del BCRF es una forma útil de comprender y responder a la complejidad de la parálisis cerebral, con el objetivo global de optimizar la experiencia vivida de todo individuo en cualquier contexto.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gillian M Saloojee
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sarah E Foley
- Kids Plus Foundation, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Mayston MJ, Saloojee GM, Foley SE. O Quadro de Raciocínio Clínico Bobath: Uma abordagem de ciência de sistemas para a complexidade das condições do neurodesenvolvimento, incluindo a paralisia cerebral. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:e102-e111. [PMID: 38303632 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Esta revisão descreve um modelo de prática pediátrica recomendada do Bobath, o Quadro de Raciocínio Clínico Bobath (QRCB), e explica como esse conhecimento contribui para a área de habilitação em distúrbios pediátricos. A ciência de sistemas proporciona uma nova maneira de concetualizar a paralisia cerebral como uma condição complexa. Ela foi aplicada ao QRCB para ilustrar uma perspetiva holística sobre a inter-relação e interconexão das variáveis associadas à PC. O modelo de ciência de sistemas adotado pelo QRCB é uma forma promissora de construir uma estrutura abrangente que engloba a complexidade da PC e possibilitará pesquisas mais robustas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Mayston
- Divisão de Ciências Biológicas, University College London, Londres, Reino Unido
| | - Gillian M Saloojee
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, University of the Witwatersrand, Joanesburgo, África do Sul
| | - Sarah E Foley
- Kids Plus Foundation, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Austrália
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Mayston MJ, Saloojee GM, Foley SE. Bobath Klinik Gerekçelendirme Çerçevesi: Serebral palsi dahil nörogelişimsel durumların karmaşıklığında sistemler bilimi yaklaşımı. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:e93-e101. [PMID: 38343079 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
ÖzetBobath Klinik Gerekçelendirme Çerçevesi (BKGÇ) içerisindeki önerilen güncel gelişimsel Bobath uygulaması sistemler bilimi merceği kullanılarak kavramsallaştırılabilir ve bunu çocukluk çağı engelliliği ile ilişkilendirilen değişkenlerin birbirine bağlılığı ve etkileşimine bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla sağlar. BKGÇ, İşlevsellik, Yetiyitimi ve Sağlığın Uluslararası Sınıflandırması (ICF)’nın alt boyutları arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bu alt boyutların birbirini nasıl etkilediğini anlamak için uygulanabilen derinlemesine bir klinik gerekçelendirme çerçevesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. BKGÇ, bir tedavi planı ile sonuçlanan klinik gerekçelendirme ve transdisipliner gözlemsel bir sistemdir. Bu sistem ise, serebral palsi (SP) gibi bozuklukların karmaşıklığını anlamak için bütüncül bir anlayış sunar ve nörolojik bozukluğu olan bireylerin yaşam boyu tedavisi ve rehabilitasyonu için temel oluşturur. BKGÇ tarafından kullanılan klinik gerekçelendirme, başta aile birimi olmak üzere bireyin ve sosyal çevresinin önemli bağlamsal faktörlerine dayanmaktadır. Tipik ve atipik gelişim, patofizyoloji (sensorimotor, bilişsel, davranışsal) ve sinirbilim arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkilerin ve bu vücut yapı ve fonksiyonlarının aktivite ve katılım üzerindeki etkisinin anlaşılmasına dayanır. BKGÇ'nin ayrılmaz bir parçası olan sistemler bilimi modeli, SP'nin karmaşıklığını anlamak ve buna yanıt vermek için yararlı bir yoldur; kapsayıcı hedef, herhangi bir bağlamda herhangi bir bireyin yaşadığı deneyimi optimize etmektir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Mayston
- Biyobilimler Bölümü, Londra College Üniversitesi, Londra, Birleşik Krallık
| | - Gillian M Saloojee
- Fizyoterapi Bölümü, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Witwatersrand Üniversitesi, Johannesburg, Güney Afrika
| | - Sarah E Foley
- Kids Plus Vakfı, Deakin Üniversitesi, Melbourne, VIC, Avustralya
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Kibrom Y, Tekeste E, Tesfamariam S, Ogbe Z, Mohammed M. Clinical profile and associated comorbidities of cerebral palsy in children visiting Orotta National Referral Hospital, Eritrea: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:458. [PMID: 39026171 PMCID: PMC11256470 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral Palsy (CP) is one of the most common physical disabilities in children. This study aimed to explore the clinical spectrum of CP at Orotta National Referral and Teaching Hospital, including CP subtypes, gross motor function, patterns of associated comorbidities, and possible risk factors in children aged 2 to 12 years. METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2022 in 153 children with suspected motor symptoms. The Surveillance of CP in Europe (SCPE) decision tree was used as an inclusion criteria guideline and the evaluation of the participants was done using a standardized questionnaire and clinical examination. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression were employed to statistically analyze the data. RESULTS Eighty-four children who fulfilled the clinical criteria were included in the study. The median age was 5-years [IQR: 3.8] with an equal distribution of males and females. Quadriplegic CP was the most common subtype (51.2%) followed by unilateral (hemiplegic) CP (22.6%), and dyskinetic CP (14.3%). Most children had severe gross motor impairment GMFCS level IV-V and females were almost three times more likely to have GMFCS level IV/V than males (AOR: 2.70; CI: 1.08-6.72; p-value = 0.033.) More than half (52.4%) of the neonates either did not cry within five minutes and/or needed breathing resuscitation, 55.3% had to be admitted to the NICU with a median of 5 days' hospital stay. Between the first week of birth and the first year of life, 28.6% had trouble feeding, 26.2% had an infection, 10.7% had difficulty breathing, 20.2% had seizures and 6% had jaundice. Feeding problems (64.3%), speech problems of some sort (91.7%), and epilepsy (46.4%) were the most commonly associated comorbidities with CP. CONCLUSIONS The clinical profile of the CP patients was found to be dominated by the spastic subtype and moderate to severe disability. Since perinatal risk factors were found to be dominant, strengthening maternal and child healthcare systems is recommended to minimize incidents of preventable risk factors and the burden of the disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Kibrom
- Orotta National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Asmara, Eritrea.
| | | | - Sirak Tesfamariam
- Product Evaluation and Registration Unit, National Medicines and Food Administration, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Zemichael Ogbe
- Orotta National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Asmara, Eritrea
- Orotta School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Mahmud Mohammed
- Orotta National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Asmara, Eritrea
- Orotta School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea
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Adde L, Åberg KB, Fjørtoft T, Grunewaldt KH, Lade R, Osland S, Piegsa F, Sandstrøm PG, Støen R, Størvold GV, Eriksen BH. Implementation of remote general movement assessment using the in-motion instructions in a high-risk norwegian cohort. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:442. [PMID: 38987721 PMCID: PMC11234780 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND General Movement Assessment (GMA) is recommended for early detection of risk for cerebral palsy but requires trained clinical experts. We aimed to implement home- and hospital-based filming for remote GMA in a Norwegian high-risk infant cohort, as well as evaluating parents' experiences in filming their infant at home. METHODS This knowledge translational study used a prospective cohort design including participants referred to neurodevelopmental follow-up across three sites in the Central Norway Regional Health Authority. Two home films of the fidgety type of general movements were collected between 12+1-14+6 and 15+1-17+6 weeks after term by parents. An additional film was collected at the hospital between 12+1 and 17+6 weeks after term. The instructional guide for all filming was the In-Motion App standards. Videos were transferred to a remote GMA team and classified as either "GMA scorable" or "GMA not scorable" based on Prechtl's GMA standards. Parents responded to an online survey using a 5-point Likert scale to collect information about their perspectives, experiences, and possible worries by filming their infant at home. RESULTS One-hundred-and-two infants from 95 families participated. Ninety-two (96.8%) families transferred 177 home-based videos. Eighty-four (92%) of these had 95 videos taken in their local hospital. All 177 home-videos were "GMA scorable" and three (3,1%) out of 95 hospital-based videos were classified as "GMA not scorable". Eight families did not respond to the survey and two families did not receive the survey due to a technical error. Seventy-eight (91.7%) respondents agreed or strongly agreed that it was easy to perform home filming and five (5.9%) agreed that they were more worried about their child`s development after filming at home. Almost 80% of respondents agreed that a video for GMA can be taken at home instead of in hospital. CONCLUSIONS This study strengthens the clinical implementation of home filming by parents and remote GMA for early detection of CP in high-risk follow-up programs. The implementation of remote GMA has the potential to facilitate early intervention to improve function in children with CP in line with international recommendations. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04287166 Date of registration: 27/02/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Adde
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Clinic of Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Toril Fjørtoft
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Hermansen Grunewaldt
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neonatology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Randi Lade
- Department of Pediatrics, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund Hospital, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Siril Osland
- Clinic of Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frank Piegsa
- Department of Pediatrics, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund Hospital, Ålesund, Norway
| | | | - Ragnhild Støen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neonatology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Beate Horsberg Eriksen
- Department of Pediatrics, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund Hospital, Ålesund, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Crisafulli S, Ciccimarra F, Khan Z, Maccarrone F, Trifirò G. Understanding Clinical Effectiveness and Safety Implications of Botulinum Toxin in Children: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:306. [PMID: 39057946 PMCID: PMC11281390 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16070306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its first approval by the Food and Drug Administration in 1989 for strabismus, botulinum toxin indications of use have been widely expanded. Due to its anticholinergic properties, this toxin is currently approved in adult patients for the treatment of a wide range of neuromuscular, otolaryngologic, orthopedic, gastrointestinal, and urologic disorders. Approved pediatric indications of use include the treatment of blepharospasm associated with dystonia, strabismus, lower-limb spasticity, focal spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy, and neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Alongside these approved indications, botulinum toxin is extensively used off-label. Although several clinical studies have shown that botulinum toxin is effective and well-tolerated in children, uncertainties persist regarding its long-term effects on growth and appropriate dosing in this population. As such, further research is needed to better define the botulinum toxin risk-benefit profile and expand approved uses in pediatrics. This narrative review aimed to provide a broad overview of the evidence concerning the clinical effectiveness and safety of BoNT with respect to its principal authorized and non-authorized pediatric therapeutic indications, as well as to describe perspectives on its future use in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Ciccimarra
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy; (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Gulberg Green Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Francesco Maccarrone
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy; (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Gianluca Trifirò
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy; (F.C.); (F.M.)
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Saranti A, Dragoumi P, Papavasiliou A, Zafeiriou D. Current approach to cerebral palsy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2024; 51:49-57. [PMID: 38824721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This teaching review aims to provide an overview of the current approach to children with cerebral palsy (CP), retrieving the best available evidence and summarizing existing knowledge in the field of CP in children. We also highlight areas where more research is needed and novel strategies for diagnosing and treating cerebral palsy. CP includes a group of permanent disorders of movement and posture that cause activity limitation. Multiple risk factors, occurring preconceptionally, prenatally, perinatally, or postneonatally, are involved in the pathogenesis of CP, with the prenatal ones accounting for 80-90 % of cases. Due to its heterogeneity, CP has various classifications, but usually is classified based on clinical findings and motor impairment. Standardized function classification systems have been developed to address inconsistencies in previous classifications. The combination of clinical assessment and validated predictive tools is recommended for an early diagnosis, which is important for early intervention and prevention of secondary impairments. The therapeutic regimen in CP involves prevention and management of the motor and associated problems. It includes the enhancement of motor performance, the enrichment of cognition and communication skills, the prevention of secondary impairments, and the support of parents and caregivers. The care of CP children demands a multidisciplinary approach focused on improving motor skills, reducing comorbidities, enhancing the quality of life, and prolonging survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Saranti
- 1th Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Dragoumi
- 1th Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Zafeiriou
- 1th Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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12
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Abate BB, Tegegne KM, Zemariam AB, Wondmagegn Alamaw A, Kassa MA, Kitaw TA, Abebe GK, Azmeraw Bizuayehu M. Magnitude and clinical characteristics of cerebral palsy among children in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003003. [PMID: 38905321 PMCID: PMC11192420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood which causes a child's behavioral, feeding, and sleep difficulties. It remains a poorly studied health problem in Africa. The main aim of this study was assessing the pooled prevalence of Cerebral Palsy (CP) and its clinical characteristics in Africa context. Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to search articles from electronic databases (Cochrane library, Ovid platform) (Medline, Embase, and Emcare), Google Scholar, CINAHL, PubMed, Maternity and Infant Care Database (MIDIRS). The last search date was on 12/05/ 2023 G. C. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled estimates of cerebral palsy and its types. The subgroup analysis, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were done. Studies on prevalence and clinical characteristics of cerebral palsy were included. The primary and secondary outcomes were prevalence and clinical characteristics of cerebral palsy respectively. A total of 15 articles with (n = 498406 patients) were included for the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of cerebral palsy in Africa was found to be 3·34 (2·70, 3·98). The most common type is spastic cerebral palsy accounting 69·30% (66·76, 71·83) of all cases. The second one is quadriplegic cerebral palsy which was found to be 41·49% (33·16, 49·81). Ataxic cerebral palsy accounted 5·36% (3·22, 7·50). On the other hand, dyskinetic cerebral palsy was found to be 10.88% (6·26, 15·49). About 32·10% (19·25, 44.95) of cases were bilateral while 25·17% (16·84, 33·50) were unilateral. The incidence of cerebral palsy in Africa surpasses the reported rates in developed nations. Spastic and quadriplegic subtypes emerge as the most frequently observed. It is recommended to channel initiatives toward the strategic focus on preventive measures, early detection strategies, and comprehensive management protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Beletew Abate
- Assistant Professor in Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| | | | - Alemu Birara Zemariam
- MSc in Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Wondmagegn Alamaw
- MSc in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Awoke Kassa
- MSc in Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| | - Tegene Atamenta Kitaw
- MSc in Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremeskel Kibret Abebe
- MSc in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Azmeraw Bizuayehu
- MSc in Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
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Goldsmith S, Smithers-Sheedy H, Almasri N, Andersen GL, Diviney L, Gincota EB, Himmelmann K, Jahan I, Waight E, McIntyre S. Cerebral palsy registers around the world: A survey. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:765-777. [PMID: 37946559 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To provide a description of cerebral palsy (CP) registers globally, identify which aim to report on CP epidemiology, and report similarities and differences across topics of importance for the sustainability and collaboration between registers. METHOD Representatives of all known CP registers globally (n = 57) were invited to participate. The online survey included 68 questions across aims, methodologies, output/impact, and stakeholder involvement. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Forty-five registers participated, including three register networks. Twenty were newly established or under development, including 12 in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). An epidemiological aim was reported by 91% of registers. Funding is received by 85% of registers, most often from not-for-profit organizations. CP definitions are comparable across registers. While the minimum data set of a register network is used by most registers, only 25% of identified items are collected by all three register networks. Ninety per cent of registers measure research activities/output, and 64% measure research impact. People with lived experience are involved in 62% of registers. INTERPRETATION There has been a recent surge in CP registers globally, particularly in LMICs, which will improve understanding of CP epidemiology. Ongoing efforts to address identified methodological differences are essential to validate comparison of results and support register collaboration. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Cerebral palsy (CP) registers represent an increasing number of regions, including low- and middle-income, worldwide. Most registers collect the minimum data set of a CP register network. Research activities/output and impact are measured by most registers. The majority of registers involve people with lived experience in operation or research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Goldsmith
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hayley Smithers-Sheedy
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nihad Almasri
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Guro L Andersen
- Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Leanne Diviney
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ecaterina Bufteac Gincota
- Republican Rehabilitation Center for Children, Chisinau, Moldova
- State Medical and Pharmaceutical University 'N. Testemitanu', Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Kate Himmelmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Israt Jahan
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Emma Waight
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah McIntyre
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Zheng C, Martin-Herz SP, Abath CB, Scharf RJ. Motor Impairment Referrals to an International Child Development Clinic: It is Not Always Cerebral Palsy. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 155:167-170. [PMID: 38663153 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of the estimated 50 to 100 million children living with disability worldwide reside in low- or middle-income countries. As families migrate to avoid humanitarian crises, children with developmental disability and delay warrant particular attention in refugee and international health settings. During transitions, medical documentation may be lost and diagnoses may not be fully understood, contributing to the challenges of determining etiologies of motor impairment. METHODS Of the first 100 refugee children who were referred to the Child Development Clinic, we identified a subset of children referred for motor impairment or cerebral palsy. Data on their presentation, diagnoses following evaluation, and therapeutic services required was collected by retrospective chart review. RESULTS Twenty children were referred for motor impairment and cerebral palsy. Average age was 8.9 years; 45% were female. Eight children were eventually diagnosed with cerebral palsy, and 12 had alternate or inconclusive diagnoses. Microcephaly was more common in children diagnosed with cerebral palsy. CONCLUSIONS The frequent differences between referral and final diagnoses in refugee children referred for cerebral palsy highlights the need for pediatricians' careful examination and diagnostic reasoning upon initial presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Susanne P Martin-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Rebecca J Scharf
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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15
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Mayston MJ, Saloojee GM, Foley SE. The Bobath Clinical Reasoning Framework: A systems science approach to the complexity of neurodevelopmental conditions, including cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:564-572. [PMID: 37653669 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The current recommended developmental Bobath practice within the Bobath Clinical Reasoning Framework (BCRF) can be conceptualized using the lens of systems science, thereby providing a holistic perspective on the interrelatedness and interconnectedness of the variables associated with childhood-onset disability. The BCRF is defined as an in-depth clinical reasoning framework that can be applied to help understand the relationships between the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, how those domains can be influenced, and how they impact each other. The BCRF is a transdisciplinary observational system and practical reasoning approach that results in an intervention plan. This provides a holistic understanding of the complexity of situations associated with disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP) and the basis for the lifelong management and habilitation of people living with neurological disorders. The clinical reasoning used by the BCRF draws on the important contextual factors of the individual and their social environment, primarily the family unit. It is rooted in an understanding of the interrelationships between typical and atypical development, pathophysiology (sensorimotor, cognitive, behavioural), and neuroscience, and the impact of these body structure and function constructs on activity and participation. The systems science model integral to the BCRF is a useful way forward in understanding and responding to the complexity of CP, the overarching goal being to optimize the lived experience of any individual in any context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gillian M Saloojee
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sarah E Foley
- Kids Plus Foundation, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Hu G, Zhao Y, Fu X, Hu D, Liang X. Maternal body mass index and cerebral palsy in children: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2024; 38:345-356. [PMID: 38146616 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating studies indicate that maternal obesity is associated with the risk of cerebral palsy (CP); however, their conclusions have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES To quantitatively estimate the association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and CP in offspring. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Articles published up to 18 September 2022 were searched that reported the correlation between maternal BMI and CP in children. Two reviewers independently extracted data and critically assessed articles. SYNTHESIS Pooled relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by the random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS In total, 11 articles (8,407,668 participants) were identified for inclusion in our meta-analysis. For maternal underweight, no significant association was found with CP risk (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.90, 1.38). The risk of CP was increased by 25% (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06, 1.47), 38% (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.18, 1.61) and 127% (RR 2.27, 95% CI 1.82, 2.83) for maternal overweight, obesity and obesity grade 3, respectively. In addition, we observed a positive linear dose-response relationship, with the pooled risk of cerebral palsy in offspring increasing by 3% with each unit increase in maternal BMI. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that the risk of CP in offspring grew with maternal overweight or obesity grades increasing, and was positively correlated with maternal BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Hu
- The Second Department of pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Nanyang City, Nanyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueru Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liang
- Administration Department of Nursing Affairs, The First People's Hospital of Nanyang City, Nanyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Kenyon LK, Farris J, Veety L, Zondervan DK. The IndieTrainer system: a clinical trial protocol exploring use of a powered wheelchair training intervention for children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 19:1579-1589. [PMID: 37256733 PMCID: PMC10687311 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2023.2218436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The IndieTrainer system, comprised of both a mobility device and gamified training modules, was developed to aid powered wheelchair (PWC) skills acquisition in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The aims of this small-scale study are to: explore use of the IndieTrainer system to improve PWC skills in children who have CP and document parental/caregiver perceptions of, and satisfaction with, the IndieTrainer system. METHOD This small-scale study is an open-label single-arm clinical trial involving a three-week PWC training intervention consisting of two 60-minute training sessions per week. A single session retention trial will be held four weeks after the completion of the intervention period. All research activities will take place in-person in a laboratory-based setting located within a university. Twenty-five child-parent/caregiver dyads will participate in the study. Each child participant will be 3 to 21 years of age and have a diagnosis of CP or other similar condition. The Assessment of Learning Powered mobility use will be the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures will include the Wheelchair Skills Checklist, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, the Customer Satisfaction Questionnaire-8, and a qualitative interview. Data analyses will involve one-way repeated measures ANOVAs followed by paired samples t-tests with Bonferroni adjustments. IMPACT The IndieTrainer system allows children to explore and use power mobility in their own manual wheelchair and was designed to meet the needs of power mobility learners across the continuum of learning. It is the first PWC training system to optimize learning for early learners who do not yet understand cause and effect concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Kenyon
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - John Farris
- Padnos College of Engineering and Computing, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Lindsey Veety
- Director of Assistive Technology, The Center for Discovery, Monticello, NY, USA
| | - Daniel K Zondervan
- Chef Executive Officer, Flint Rehabilitation Devices, LLC, Irvine, CA, USA
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Herron MS, Wang L, von Bartheld CS. Prevalence and Types of Strabismus in Cerebral Palsy: A Global and Historical Perspective Based on a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38635869 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2331537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Strabismus is more frequent in cerebral palsy (CP) than in the normal population, but reports differ how much it is increased. We here examined the global prevalence and types of strabismus in CP, whether esotropia or exotropia is more frequent, and whether the prevalence differs between ethnicities and/or country income levels, and between generations. METHODS We compiled in a systematic review and meta-analysis the results of 147 CP studies that report the prevalence of strabismus or the ratio of esotropia to exotropia, and we conducted subgroup analyses for region (income level) and ethnicity. We performed a pooled analysis for the CP strabismus prevalence, and estimated the global number of CP cases with strabismus. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of strabismus in CP is 49.8% in high-income countries and 39.8% in lower-income countries. We estimate the global number of strabismus cases in CP as 12.2 million, with 7.6 million males and 4.6 million females, based on current estimates of 29.6 million global CP cases. Esotropia is more frequent than exotropia in Caucasians, while exotropia is more frequent than esotropia in Hispanic and in some Asian and African populations. The strabismus prevalence in CP increases with increasing country income levels. CONCLUSION Generational changes in strabismus prevalence appear to reflect a transition of CP types and an increase in prevalence as countries attain higher income and more effective maternal health care. The distribution of esotropia and exotropia in CP patients largely reflects the horizontal strabismus type that is predominant in the subject's ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Herron
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Lingchen Wang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Christopher S von Bartheld
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
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Sogbossi ES, Baba-Tadja A, Nouatin E, Agbetou M, Adoukonou T, Kossi O. Estimating the Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy in a Semi-Urban City in Benin: A Door-to-Door Community-Based Study. Neuroepidemiology 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38631310 DOI: 10.1159/000538799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of pediatric motor disability. While epidemiological data are widespread in high-income countries, corresponding data in low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa are still rare. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CP in Northern Benin, a French-speaking low-income country in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS This study was a community-based door-to-door study involving children younger than 18 years old, in Parakou, a semi-urban city in Benin. We used a two-stage procedure. The first one consisted on children screening to identify potential cases of CP. During the second stage, suspected children were examined by neurologists with high experience with CP. RESULTS In total, 2,630 children were screened with 10 confirmed cases of CP, resulting in a crude prevalence (95% confidence interval) of 3.8 (1.4, 6.15) per 1,000 children. Of the 10 confirmed cases, six were younger than 5 years old, and five were male. Eight children over ten were spastic with six bilateral spastic subtype according to the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe classification system. Seven children had a Gross Motor Function Classification System level III-V, and six were classified level III to V of the manual ability classification system. CONCLUSION CP is highly prevalent in semi-urban area in Northern Benin. Large studies on potential risk factors are needed for the development of effective preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Segnon Sogbossi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Teaching Hospital, Cotonou, Benin
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Adjoua Baba-Tadja
- ENATSE, National School of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Emilienne Nouatin
- ENATSE, National School of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Mendinatou Agbetou
- Unit of Neurology and NeuroRehabilitation, University Hospital of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Thierry Adoukonou
- ENATSE, National School of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
- Unit of Neurology and NeuroRehabilitation, University Hospital of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Oyéné Kossi
- ENATSE, National School of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
- Unit of Neurology and NeuroRehabilitation, University Hospital of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
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Nuri RP, Xu X, Aldersey HM. Users' satisfaction and experiences in using assistive devices distributed by a rehabilitation centre in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 19:868-877. [PMID: 36215415 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2022.2129849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to understand Bangladeshi users' satisfaction with their assistive devices, including (a) device characteristics, e.g., size, weight, safety, ease of use, comfort, and effectiveness, and (b) availability of parts and repair services. We also described how frequently individuals with disabilities living in the community used assistive devices in their daily activities and how the use of assistive devices promoted individuals' wellbeing. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional survey with assistive device users or their guardians (if under 18) in Bangladesh about their experience and satisfaction with their assistive device 6 months after receiving it. The research team developed a survey questionnaire consisting of both closed and open-ended questions. All data were collected via telephone interviews. We employed descriptive statistics to analyse quantitative data and inductive analysis for the qualitative data. RESULTS We found that out of the 376 participants, nearly 95% used assistive devices on a regular basis, and their satisfaction with the devices was high. Participants reported that assistive devices improved mobility, independence, and wellbeing of persons with disabilities. A few participants (6.4%) reported that their devices were damaged. Some participants identified concerns with their assistive devices, including (i) inappropriate size of ankle-foot orthoses, manual self-propelled wheelchairs, and prostheses, (ii) back slabs (a type of brace) being too short, and (iii) walking frames being too large. Several participants noted pain and discomfort when they used their assistive device. Additionally, some participants stated that environmental factors (e.g., muddy roads) contributed to the disrepair of their assistive devices. Finally, participants recounted that repair services were limited in rural areas of Bangladesh. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the provision of assistive devices requires accommodating individuals' needs and ensuring appropriate environments in which to function. The results support the need for follow-up services after distributing assistive devices. Further research could explore the impact of assistive devices on the family quality of life of persons with disabilities.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONIt is essential for rehabilitation professionals to conduct follow-up services after distributing assistive devices among persons with disabilities.There is a need for the government of Bangladesh to revisit the Rights and Protection of Persons with Disability Act of 2013 and provide further clarity about their commitment to the provision of assistive devices and associated services (e.g., repair services) and its subsequent implementation.Policymakers in Bangladesh must be proactive to translate policy commitments into practice, as it relates to building an accessible environment for people using assistive devices. Further, government efforts are needed to educate policy implementers in all relevant ministries so that all responsible bodies are fully familiar with their national and international commitments regarding the rights of persons with disabilities.Future research could (i) include user's satisfaction with the service delivery process and (ii) measure the impact of assistive devices on family quality of life of persons with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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Kenyon LK, Farris JP, Veety L, Kleikamp B, Harrington K, Jenkinson J, Montgomery A, Otieno S, Russell IM, Zondervan DK. The IndieTrainer system: a small-scale trial exploring a new approach to support powered mobility skill acquisition in children. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38450569 PMCID: PMC11380040 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2024.2325563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The IndieTrainer system, consisting of a mobility device and video-based gamified training modules, was developed to assist children in attaining power wheelchair (PWC) skills. The purposes of this small-scale trial were to explore the use of the IndieTrainer system to provide PWC skills training and document parental satisfaction with the IndieTrainer system. We hypothesized that PWC skills training provided using the IndieTrainer system would result in improvements in both children's understanding of how to use a PWC and their PWC skill execution, and that parental satisfaction would be high. An open-label, single-arm trial was conduct as follows: (a) Baseline testing (T0); (b) A 3-week intervention consisting of two, 60-min-PWC skills training sessions per week; (c) Post-intervention testing (T1); and (d) A single session retention trial held 4 weeks after completion of the intervention (T2). Outcome measures included the Assessment of Learning Powered mobility use (ALP), Wheelchair Skills Checklist (WSC), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8). 25 child/parent dyads participated. Between T0 and T1, statistically significant differences (p-value <.0001) with large effect sizes in mean ALP and WSC scores (ALP: d = 3.14; WSC: d = 3.25) and COPM performance and satisfaction scores (Performance: d = 4.66; Satisfaction: d = 3.24) were achieved. Mean T1 total CSQ-8 score was 31.52/32. At T2, all children maintained or improved their T1 ALP and WSC scores. This study provides initial support for the usability and feasibility of the IndieTrainer system. Futhermore, larger scaled studies using more rigorous research designs are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Kenyon
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - John P Farris
- Padnos School of Engineering and Computing, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Lindsey Veety
- Director of Assistive Technology, The Center for Discovery, Monticello, NY, USA
| | - Brianna Kleikamp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA
| | - Kara Harrington
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer Jenkinson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Amanda Montgomery
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sango Otieno
- Department of Statistics, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA
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Jahan I, Islam S. Powered mobility in low- and middle-income countries: Caregivers' perspective from Bangladesh. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:276-277. [PMID: 37537850 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This commentary is on the original article by Sloane et al. on pages 333–343 of this issue.
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Herron MS, Wang L, von Bartheld CS. Prevalence and types of strabismus in cerebral palsy: A global and historical perspective based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.23.24301684. [PMID: 38343841 PMCID: PMC10854329 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.24301684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Strabismus is more frequent in cerebral palsy (CP) than in the normal population, but reports differ how much it is increased. We here examined the global prevalence and types of strabismus in CP, whether esotropia or exotropia is more frequent, and whether the prevalence differs between ethnicities and/or country income levels, and between generations. Methods We compiled in a systematic review and meta-analysis the results of 147 CP studies that report the prevalence of strabismus or the ratio of esotropia to exotropia, and we conducted subgroup analyses for region (income level) and ethnicity. We performed a pooled analysis for the CP strabismus prevalence, and estimated the global number of CP cases with strabismus. Results The pooled prevalence of strabismus in CP is 49.8% in high-income countries and 39.8% in lower-income countries. We estimate the global number of strabismus cases in CP as 12.2 million, with 7.6 million males and 4.6 million females, based on current estimates of 29.6 million global CP cases. Esotropia is more frequent than exotropia in Caucasians, while exotropia is more frequent than esotropia in Hispanic and in some Asian and African populations. The strabismus prevalence in CP increases with increasing country income levels. Conclusion Generational changes in strabismus prevalence appear to reflect a transition of CP types and an increase in prevalence as countries attain higher income and more effective maternal health care. The distribution of esotropia and exotropia in CP patients largely reflects the horizontal strabismus type that is predominant in the subject's ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Herron
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Lingchen Wang
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Christopher S. von Bartheld
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
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Ruiz Brunner MDLM, Jahan I, Cuestas E, Cieri ME, Escobar Zuluaga J, Condinanzi AL, Sanchez F, McIntyre S, Smithers-Sheedy H, Muhit M, Badawi N, Díaz R, Diaz A, Carranza J, Durán C, Quintero Valencia CA, Melaragno M, Khandaker G. Latin American Cerebral Palsy Register (LATAM-CPR): study protocol to develop a collaborative register with surveillance of children with cerebral palsy in Latin American countries. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071315. [PMID: 38070889 PMCID: PMC10729276 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the leading causes of childhood disability globally with a high burden in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Preliminary findings from the global LMIC CP Register (GLM CPR) suggest that the majority of CP in LMICs are due to potentially preventable causes. Such data are lacking in the Latin American region. Generating comparable epidemiological data on CP from this region could enable translational research and services towards early diagnosis and early intervention. We aim to establish a Latin American multicountry network and online data repository of CP called Latin American Cerebral Palsy Register (LATAM-CPR). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The LATAM-CPR will be modelled after the GLM CPR and will support new and emerging Latin American CP registers following a harmonised protocol adapted from the GLM CPR and piloted in Argentina (ie, Argentine Register of Cerebral Palsy). Both population-based and institution-based surveillance mechanisms will be adopted for registration of children with CP aged less than 18 years to the participating CP registers. The data collection form of the LATAM-CPR will include risk factors, clinical profile, rehabilitation, socioeconomical status of children with CP. Descriptive data on the epidemiology of CP from each participating country will be reported, country-specific and regional data will be compared. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Individual CP registers have applied ethics approval from respective national human research ethics committees (HREC) and/or institutional review boards prior to the establishment and inclusion into the LATAM-CPR. Ethical approval for LATAM-CPR has already been obtained from the HREC in the two countries that started (Argentina and Mexico). Findings will be disseminated and will be made publicly available through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and social media communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria de Las Mercedes Ruiz Brunner
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-UNC, Cordoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Epidemiológicas (INICyE), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Israt Jahan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
- Cerebral Palsy Program, CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eduardo Cuestas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-UNC, Cordoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Epidemiológicas (INICyE), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Elisabeth Cieri
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-UNC, Cordoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Epidemiológicas (INICyE), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Johana Escobar Zuluaga
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-UNC, Cordoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Epidemiológicas (INICyE), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Condinanzi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-UNC, Cordoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Epidemiológicas (INICyE), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Federico Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET-UNC, Cordoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Epidemiológicas (INICyE), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Sarah McIntyre
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hayley Smithers-Sheedy
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammad Muhit
- Cerebral Palsy Program, CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Raul Díaz
- Comité de Educación, Academia Mexicana de Parálisis Cerebral y Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Agripina Diaz
- Comité de Educación, Academia Mexicana de Parálisis Cerebral y Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Carranza
- Comité de Educación, Academia Mexicana de Parálisis Cerebral y Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia Durán
- Comité de Educación, Academia Mexicana de Parálisis Cerebral y Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Quintero Valencia
- Departamento de Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia, Antoquia, Colombia
- Unidad de Rehabilitación para Niños, Comité de Rehabilitación de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mariana Melaragno
- Docencia e Investigación, Fundación Teletón Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
- Cerebral Palsy Program, CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Saleh MN, Alharbi A, Albalwi A, Alatawi S, Algamdi M, Alshahrani A, Al Bakri B, Almasri N. Characteristics of Children with Cerebral Palsy and Their Utilization of Services in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2690. [PMID: 37830727 PMCID: PMC10572454 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of research on cerebral palsy (CP) in developing countries aims to improve knowledge on affected children and the utilization of the available services. This study seeks to describe children with CP in Saudi Arabia and service utilization as per Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels and geographic regions. A cross-sectional survey of 227 children with CP (Mean age 6.3, SD 3.9 years) was conducted. Parents reported on children's demographics, impairments, and service utilization. Half of the children (n = 113, 49.8%) had ≥3 impairments with speech, visual and learning impairments being the most frequent. The total number of impairments differed significantly by GMFCS, F (4, 218) = 8.87, p < 0.001. Most of the children (n = 86, 83.4%) used 2-5 services. Moreover, 139 (62.3%) did not attend school, 147 (65.9%) did not receive occupational therapy, and only 32 (14.3%) received speech therapy. More children in GMFCS level I did not receive neurologist services. Profiles of children and services were described by GMFCS and by regions. This was the first study to describe children with CP and service utilization in Saudi Arabia. Although many impairments affected the children, there was low utilization of related services. Data on service utilization and on unmet needs support a comprehensive approach to rehabilitation and the proper service allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysoun Nimer Saleh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Ahmad Alharbi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz Albalwi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Salem Alatawi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Maaidah Algamdi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz Alshahrani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Basil Al Bakri
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Nihad Almasri
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
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Establishing a cerebral palsy registry in Kuwait: An exploratory study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:947-953. [PMID: 36875341 PMCID: PMC9976457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral palsy (CP), the most common motor disability in childhood, comprises a group of permanent non-progressive disorders affecting the antenatal, neonatal, or early postnatal development of areas in the brain responsible for posture and movement. Registries for children with CP, or surveillance programs, have been a source of consistently increasing research productivity; 38 related articles were published in 2013. In Kuwait, a CP registry would provide baseline information on children with CP and their parents. The registry could include demographic information obtained through parental interviews, or review of the mothers' and the children's medical charts. Objective This study was aimed at exploring the establishment of a pediatric CP registry in Kuwait. Methods In this exploratory study, caregivers of children with CP were recruited from rehabilitation clinics around Kuwait. The inclusion criteria were 1) boys or girls with a documented diagnosis of CP made between 6 months and 18 years of age, 2) caregivers with permanent residency in Kuwait, and 4) caregivers speaking Arabic and/or English fluently. The variables collected comprised registry and feasibility variables. Registry-associated variables comprised demographic and medical information about the children, and caregivers' willingness to be contacted for a follow-up or participation in other research projects. Feasibility variables were the percentage of information gathered, and the willingness of caregivers to participate in, and of therapists to recruit for, the registry. Results Fifty-three caregivers of children with CP participated in this study. The mean age of the recruited children with CP was 5 years and 5 months (SD = 3 y 4 m, range = 11 m to 16 y 8 m/female n = 25). GMFCS level V was reported by half of the sample (n = 29/55.77%). Of the 112 caregivers screened, fewer than half (n = 53 of 112/47.32%) participated in the study. Most caregivers (n = 48/90.56%) used the Arabic version of the form. Conclusion The establishment of a pediatric CP registry in Kuwait is feasible, on the basis of our data.
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Jahan I, Sultana R, Afroz M, Muhit M, Badawi N, Khandaker G. Dietary Intake, Feeding Pattern, and Nutritional Status of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Rural Bangladesh. Nutrients 2023; 15:4209. [PMID: 37836493 PMCID: PMC10574640 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Data on immediate causes of malnutrition among children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) are limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to assess the dietary intake pattern, feeding characteristics, and nutritional status of children with CP in Bangladesh; (2) Methods: We conducted a descriptive observational study in Shahjadpur, Bangladesh. Children with CP registered into the Bangladesh CP Register were included. Socio-demographic, clinical, dietary intake, feeding, gastro-intestinal conditions, and anthropometric data were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were reported; (3) Results: 75 children (mean (SD) age 3.6 (2.7) years, 42.7% female) and their caregivers participated. Overall, 53.6% and 46.4% of children were underweight and stunted, respectively. Two-thirds children consumed ≤4 out of 8 food groups. Meat, poultry, and fish; dairy products; and sugar consumption was lower among underweight children (43.4%, 48.8%, 25.0%) than others (56.7%, 51.2% 75.0%). Inappropriate feeding position was observed in 39.2% of children. Meal duration was >30 min/meal for 21.7‒28.0% children. Among all, 12.0% had feeding difficulties, 88.0% had ≥1 gastro-intestinal conditions; (4) Conclusions: The study reports preliminary data on the feeding characteristics, dietary intake, and nutritional status of children with CP in rural Bangladesh. The findings are crucial for cost-effective interventions, prevention, and management of malnutrition among children with CP in Bangladesh and other LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israt Jahan
- CSF Global, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.M.); (G.K.)
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Risad Sultana
- CSF Global, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.M.); (G.K.)
| | - Mousume Afroz
- CSF Global, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.M.); (G.K.)
| | - Mohammad Muhit
- CSF Global, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.M.); (G.K.)
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- CSF Global, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.M.); (G.K.)
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, QLD 4700, Australia
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Gong C, Liu X, Fang L, Liu A, Lian B, Qi X, Chen S, Li H, Zhao M, Guo J, Zhou S. Prevalence of cerebral palsy comorbidities in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1233700. [PMID: 37840931 PMCID: PMC10568468 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1233700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This systematic review aimed to comprehensively understand the comorbidity of cerebral palsy (CP) in China. Methods We searched through databases in both Chinese and English until December 2022 to gather cross-sectional studies on the comorbidity of CP in China. After two reviewers independently screened the articles, collected the data, and assessed the bias risk, a meta-analysis was conducted using the Stata 17.0 software. Results A total of 73 articles were included. Of these, 16 articles reported total comorbidity, with a prevalence of 79.7% (95% CI: 73.8-85.7%); 56 articles reported epilepsy, with a prevalence of 17.9% (95% CI: 15.4-20.4%); 48 articles reported intellectual disability, with a prevalence of 58.0% (95% CI: 51.8-64.3%); 32 articles reported speech disorders, with a prevalence of 48.0% (95% CI: 41.6-54.4%); 41 articles reported hearing disorders, with a prevalence of 17.2% (95% CI: 13.0-21.4%); and 35 articles reported vision disorders, with a prevalence of 23.1% (95% CI: 16.3-29.8%). The topographical type of CP was the primary source of heterogeneity in the prevalence of epilepsy. Diagnostic criteria for CP, clinical type of CP, GMFCS, publishing time, and topographical type of CP were the primary sources of heterogeneity in the prevalence of intellectual disability. Clinical type of CP and topographical type were the primary sources of heterogeneity in the prevalence of speech disorders. Finally, the region was the primary source of heterogeneity in the prevalence of hearing disorders. Conclusion The prevalence of comorbidities in CP is high in China. Comorbidities are related to the characteristics, severity, and risk factors of brain insult and have a particular relationship with regional economic development and medical and health levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gong
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xiaopei Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Jiamusi University Affiliated No. 3 Hospital, Jiamusi, China
| | - Liya Fang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Annan Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Beibei Lian
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xunzhong Qi
- Jiamusi University Affiliated No. 1 Hospital, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shuyue Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Huiqing Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jin Guo
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Jiamusi University Affiliated No. 3 Hospital, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, England
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Gong C, Liu A, Lian B, Wu X, Zeng P, Hao C, Wang B, Jiang Z, Pang W, Guo J, Zhou S. Prevalence and related factors of epilepsy in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1189648. [PMID: 37576141 PMCID: PMC10416728 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1189648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the worldwide prevalence and associated factors of epilepsy in children and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and to analyze the differences between various subgroups. Method We identified all potential studies on the prevalence of epilepsy in children and adolescents with CP from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The search time was from the establishment of the database to November 2022. Randomized effects meta-analysis models were used to calculate the prevalence of epilepsy in CP. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were utilized to further explore heterogeneity between articles and prevalence disparities between subgroups. The funnel plot and Egger's test were used to investigate potential publication bias. Results Seventy-two articles, comprising 53,969 children and adolescents with CP, were included in this study. The results indicated a total epilepsy prevalence of 38.0% (95% CI: 34.8%-41.2%) in CP. The prevalence of epilepsy was 46.4% (95% CI: 41.4%-51.5%) in clinical sample-based studies and 31.6% (95% CI: 28.7%-34.5%) in population-based studies. Meta-regression demonstrated that the sample source, neonatal seizure, family history of epilepsy, EEG or cranial imaging abnormalities, intellectual/cognitive impairment, and topographical types of CP were heterogeneous contributors to the epilepsy prevalence in CP. Conclusion Approximately one-third of children and adolescents with CP have epilepsy, and the sample source can significantly impact the total prevalence of epilepsy. Neonatal seizures, family history of epilepsy, EEG abnormalities, cranial imaging abnormalities, severe intellectual disability, and quadriplegia may be contributing factors to epilepsy comorbid in CP. Further study is required to verify the strength of these associations with epilepsy. This study aids in identifying the clinical characteristics of young people with CP at risk of developing epilepsy, which may assist clinicians in the early prevention and diagnosis of epilepsy within this population.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=367766, identifier CRD42022367766.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gong
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Annan Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Beibei Lian
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xixi Wu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Pei Zeng
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Chaoli Hao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Bobo Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Zhimei Jiang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Jiamusi University Affiliated No.3 Hospital, Jiamusi, China
| | - Wei Pang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Jiamusi University Affiliated No.3 Hospital, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jin Guo
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Jiamusi University Affiliated No.3 Hospital, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, England
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Viswanath M, Jha R, Gambhirao AD, Kurup A, Badal S, Kohli S, Parappil P, John BM, Adhikari KM, Kovilapu UB, Sondhi V. Comorbidities in children with cerebral palsy: a single-centre cross-sectional hospital-based study from India. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072365. [PMID: 37429681 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the comorbidities in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and determine the characteristics associated with different impairments. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Tertiary care referral centre in India. PATIENTS Between April 2018 and May 2022, all children aged 2-18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of CP were enrolled by systematic random sampling. Data on antenatal, birth and postnatal risk factors, clinical evaluation and investigations (neuroimaging and genetic/metabolic workup) were recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of the co-occurring impairments was determined using clinical evaluation or investigations as indicated. RESULTS Of the 436 children screened, 384 participated (spastic CP=214 (55.7%) (spastic hemiplegic=52 (13.5%); spastic diplegia=70 (18.2%); spastic quadriplegia=92 (24%)), dyskinetic CP=58 (15.1%) and mixed CP=110 (28.6%)). A primary antenatal/perinatal/neonatal and postneonatal risk factor was identified in 32 (8.3%), 320 (83.3%) and 26 (6.8%) patients, respectively. Prevalent comorbidities (the test used) included visual impairment (clinical assessment and visual evoked potential)=357/383(93.2%), hearing impairment (brainstem-evoked response audiometry)=113 (30%), no understanding of any communication (MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory)=137 (36%), cognitive impairment (Vineland scale of social maturity)=341 (88.8%), severe gastrointestinal dysfunction (clinical evaluation/interview)=90 (23%), significant pain (non-communicating children's pain checklist)=230 (60%), epilepsy=245 (64%), drug-resistant epilepsy=163 (42.4%), sleep impairment (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire)=176/290(60.7%) and behavioural abnormalities (Childhood behaviour checklist)=165 (43%). Overall, hemiparetic and diplegic CP and Gross Motor Function Classification System ≤3 were predictive of lesser co-occurring impairment. CONCLUSION CP children have a high burden of comorbidities, which increase with increasing functional impairment. This calls for urgent actions to prioritise opportunities to prevent risk factors associated with CP and organise existing resources to identify and manage co-occurring impairments. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CTRI/2018/07/014819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Viswanath
- Department of Pediatrics, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ruchika Jha
- Department of Pediatrics, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Arjun Kurup
- Department of Pediatrics, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachendra Badal
- Department of Pediatrics, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarvesh Kohli
- Department of Pediatrics, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parvathi Parappil
- Department of Pediatrics, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Biju M John
- Department of Pediatrics, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Uday Bhanu Kovilapu
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishal Sondhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Popescu M, Mutalib M. Rate of paediatric gastrostomy insertion in England and relationship to epidemiology of cerebral palsy. Frontline Gastroenterol 2023; 14:399-406. [PMID: 37581183 PMCID: PMC10423607 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2022-102356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Gastrostomy tubes are commonly used to provide an alternative route for enteral nutrition. Most of the gastrostomies are inserted in children with cerebral palsy. Previous studies have shown an increase in insertion rate, however, epidemiological studies reveal a stasis in prevalence of cerebral palsy. We aimed to provide an up-to-date rate of gastrostomy insertion in children in England over a 20-year period and systematically review the prevalence of cerebral palsy to ascertain an epidemiological explanation for insertion trends. Methods Retrospective search of Hospital Episode Statistic, a database held diagnosis and procedural code from all England National Health Service hospitals from 2000 to 2021 using International Classification of Disease-10 and Office of Population Censuses and Survey's Classification-4. England Office for National Statistics data were used for population census. MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched for epidemiology of cerebral palsy. Results There were 23 079 gastrostomies inserted in children <15 years in England (2000-2021) leading to a frequency of 12.4 insertions per 100 000 children per year and 1383 gastrostomy insertions in 15-18 years age group (6 per 100 000). The overall gastrostomy insertion rate in children <15 years has increased from 3.7 procedures per 100 000 in 2000 to 18.3 per 100 000 in 2017. Prevalence of cerebral palsy remained stable (1.5-3.3 per 1000 birth) since 1985. Conclusions There was a significant increase in the rate of gastrostomy insertion in children in England during most of the last 20 years not explained by a stable prevalence of cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Popescu
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mohamed Mutalib
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
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Power R, Heanoy E, Das MC, Karim T, Muhit M, Badawi N, Khandaker G. The Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy in Rural Bangladesh: A Qualitative Analysis. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:1689-1700. [PMID: 36692630 PMCID: PMC10126047 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents with disability in the Global South have unique sexual and reproductive health (SHR) experiences and needs; however, they are rarely included in SRH discourse. This qualitative study, conducted in rural Bangladesh, used semi-structured interviews to understand how adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) experience their SRH. Participants were recruited from the Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register and included 24 adolescents with CP (n = 12 female; n = 12 male) and 76 parents (n = 56 mothers, n = 17 fathers, n = 3 other relatives). Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings highlighted heterogeneity among adolescents with CP including differences for adolescent men versus women. For some adolescent men with CP, sexual maturity was viewed as bringing new opportunities, whereas for other men, adolescence affirmed exclusions and some transgressed sociocultural norms as they struggled to navigate their pubescent body alongside new privacy requirements. For adolescent women with CP, sexual maturity was associated with new domestic responsibilities, silence and secrecy regarding menstruation, and increased vulnerability to sexual violence and abuse. Adolescent men and women with CP spoke about marriage as something "everybody wants," however, was deemed "impossible" for those with more impairment-related support needs. Both adolescent men and women with CP lacked access to SRH information and support. Mothers positioned providing care to their adolescent child with CP after puberty as "shameful." Our findings suggest that disability, health, and education services in rural Bangladesh need to adopt a life-course approach that incorporates the SRH of adolescents with CP. We recommend the provision of SRH education that addresses the physical, cognitive, and social needs of adolescents with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Power
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, NSW, 2751, Australia.
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Eamin Heanoy
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Manik Chandra Das
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tasneem Karim
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammad Muhit
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Jahan I, Ruiz Brunner MDLM, Muhit M, Hossain I, Cuestas E, Cieri ME, Condinanzi AL, Escobar Zuluaga LJ, Badawi N, Khandaker G. Novel weight estimation equation for children with cerebral palsy in low-resource settings: Validation in a population-based cohort. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:517-525. [PMID: 36126148 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To validate a novel equation to estimate weight from mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) among children with cerebral palsy (CP) in rural Bangladesh. METHOD Children with CP aged 2 to 18 years registered in the Bangladesh CP Register were randomly selected. Data on sociodemographics, Gross Motor Function Classification System level, and anthropometric measurements were extracted. Bland-Altman plots with a 95% agreement limit and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported to measure agreement between observed and estimated weight. Percentage error was used to determinate the method's accuracy. RESULTS There were 497 participants with a mean age at assessment of 9 years (SD 4 years 11 months) (47.7% female). Lin's concordance correlation coefficient between the observed and estimated weights was 0.90 (95% CI 0.89-0.92). Bland-Altman plots showed a reasonable accuracy of the equation in the study cohort. The mean percentage error of the equation was 5.04%. The average difference between observed and estimated weights was -1.02 kg (SD 5.1). The differences between observed and estimated weights were significantly greater among children with weight-for-age, height-for-age, or BMI-for-age z-scores less than or equal to -4. INTERPRETATION It is possible to predict the weight of children with CP from MUAC with sufficient accuracy. The equation can be used for populations in low-resources and low- and middle-income countries. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS The equations predict the weight of children with cerebral palsy from their mid-upper arm circumference reasonably accurately. The difference between observed and estimated weights ranged between 0 kg and ± 5 kg in 81.5% of children. Sex and Gross Motor Function Classification System level did not affect the accuracy of the equations. The equations were less accurate for estimating the weight of severely undernourished children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israt Jahan
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Maria de Las Mercedes Ruiz Brunner
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INICSA-UNC- CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Epidemiológicas (INICyE), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mohammad Muhit
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Eduardo Cuestas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INICSA-UNC- CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Epidemiológicas (INICyE), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Clínica Pediátrica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Elisabeth Cieri
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INICSA-UNC- CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Epidemiológicas (INICyE), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana L Condinanzi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INICSA-UNC- CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Epidemiológicas (INICyE), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Johana Escobar Zuluaga
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INICSA-UNC- CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas y Epidemiológicas (INICyE), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
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Chowdhury MK, Bezzahou M, Khanom M, Doherty M. Developing Community-Based Palliative Care for Children: A Community
Case Study from an Urban Informal Settlement in Bangladesh. Health Serv Insights 2023; 16:11786329231162996. [PMID: 36968659 PMCID: PMC10034310 DOI: 10.1177/11786329231162996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Globally, more than 97% of children needing palliative care reside in low-
and middle-income countries, where there is very limited access to
palliative care. Several community-based palliative care programs focused on
adults, have been described in resource limited settings, suggesting a
simple and low-cost approach to providing palliative care. The
implementation of community-based palliative care for children has not
previously been described. Context: This community case study describes the implementation of an innovative model
of community-based palliative care program in and urban informal settlement,
(Korail Slum, Bangladesh). The program is led by a local government
hospital, with experience in community-based palliative care, in partnership
with the local community. Problem: Children with serious conditions in an urban unformal settlement do not have
access to health services which address their medical, psychosocial and
spiritual needs. This gap leads to a significant burden of preventable
suffering for them and their families. Solution: A community-based palliative care program was implemented, which includes
home care by trained community health workers, with support and supervision
from palliative care nurses and physicians. The program’s objective is to
provide effective symptom management, clear communication about the child’s
condition with parents, and psychosocial support including support for basic
needs. The program was free for families including medications, medical
equipment, physiotherapy, and speech therapy. The program was monitored
through regular assessments of quality of life using standardized tools
(PedsQL Family Impact Module), as well as interviews and focus group
discussions. Conclusion and lessons learned: A model of community-based palliative care for children can be implemented in
an urban informal settlement. Program effectiveness is enhanced by community
health workers who share language, culture, and life-experiences with the
individuals they serve. Partnerships with local health care facilities and
community groups strengthen the program’s sustainability. Ensuring financial
sustainability remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostofa Kamal Chowdhury
- Department of Palliative Medicine,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maryam Bezzahou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marufa Khanom
- Department of Palliative Medicine,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Megan Doherty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario,
Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Megan Doherty, Children’s Hospital of
Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
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A Goal-Directed Program for Wheelchair Use for Children and Young People with Cerebral Palsy in Uganda: An Explorative Intervention Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062325. [PMID: 36983325 PMCID: PMC10051618 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this exploratory study, we investigate whether goal-directed intervention for wheelchairs can increase the activities of daily living for children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP) when implemented in rural Uganda. Thirty-two children and young people with CP (aged 3–18 years) participated in a home-visit intervention program, which included donating wheelchairs and setting individual goals. Goal achievement, frequency of wheelchair use, condition of wheelchairs, and caregivers’ perspectives were collected by interviews at 6–10 month after the start of intervention and the after three years. Our result show that most wheelchairs were in good condition and frequently used after 6–10 month with 83% goal achievement (132/158 goals; mean 4.3 (range 0–7). The caregivers reported several advantages (e.g., the child being happier) and few disadvantages (e.g., poor design and durability). At the three-year follow-up, only eleven wheelchairs were still used by 23 available participants (seven deceased and two moved). The children achieved 60% of their goals (32/53 goals mean 2.9; range 1–5). This demonstrates that the goal-directed intervention program for wheelchairs can be successfully implemented in a low-income setting with a high rate of goal achievement and frequent wheelchair use, facilitating participation. However, maintenance services are crucial to obtain sustainable results.
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Associated Impairments among Children with Cerebral Palsy in Rural Bangladesh-Findings from the Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041597. [PMID: 36836130 PMCID: PMC9966186 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to describe the burden, severity, and underlying factors of associated impairments among children with cerebral palsy (CP) in rural Bangladesh. METHODS This study reports findings from the Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register-the first population-based surveillance of children with CP in any LMIC, where children with confirmed CP aged < 18 years are registered by a multidisciplinary team following a standard protocol. Associated impairments were documented based on clinical assessment, available medical records, and a detailed clinical history provided by the primary caregivers. Descriptive analysis, as well as unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression, were completed using R. RESULTS Between January 2015 and February 2022, 3820 children with CP were registered (mean (SD) age at assessment: 7.6 (5.0) y; 39% female). Overall, 81% of children had ≥1 associated impairment; hearing: 18%, speech: 74%, intellectual: 40%, visual: 14%, epilepsy: 33%. The presence of a history of CP acquired post-neonatally and having a gross motor function classification system levels III-V significantly increased the odds of different types of associated impairments in these children. Most of the children had never received any rehabilitation services and were not enrolled in any mainstream or special education system. CONCLUSIONS The burden of associated impairments was high among children with CP, with comparatively low receipt of rehabilitation and educational services in rural Bangladesh. Comprehensive intervention could improve their functional outcome, participation, and quality of life.
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Waight E, McIntyre S, Woolfenden S, Watson L, Reid S, Scott H, Martin T, Webb A, Badawi N, Smithers‐Sheedy H. Temporal trends, clinical characteristics, and sociodemographic profile of post-neonatally acquired cerebral palsy in Australia, 1973-2012: A population-based observational study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:107-116. [PMID: 35665921 PMCID: PMC10952665 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe post-neonatally acquired (PNN) cerebral palsy (CP) in terms of temporal trends in prevalence, clinical and sociodemographic profiles, known causes and associations between causes, and sociodemographic variables. METHOD Numerator data, a count of children with PNN-CP confirmed at 5 years of age (n = 523), was drawn from two Australian state CP registers (birth years 1973-2012). Poisson regression was used to investigate temporal trends in the prevalence of PNN-CP by 5-year intervals, calculated per 10 000 live births. Using data from all state and territory Australian CP registers (n = 469), distributions of clinical characteristics, PNN-CP causes, and sociodemographic factors were tabulated (birth years 1995-2012). χ2 and logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between sociodemographic profile, Australian reference data, and known causes. RESULTS A significant temporal decline in PNN-CP in Victoria (p = 0.047) and Western Australia (p = 0.033) was observed. The most common proximal causes of PNN-CP were cerebrovascular accidents (34%, n = 158), infection (25%, n = 117), and non-accidental injuries (12%, n = 58). Children born to teenage mothers, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander mothers, or children born in remote areas were over-represented in this cohort compared with reference data (all p ≤ 0.001). Infectious causes were strongly associated with teenage motherhood (odds ratio 3.0 [95% confidence interval 1.1-8.2], p = 0.028) and remote living (odds ratio 4.5 [95% confidence interval 2.0-10.2], p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION Although prevalence of PNN-CP has declined, the over-representation of priority populations, and the relative severity of a condition that is largely preventable, suggest the need for more specific primary preventive measures and support. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Prevalence of post-neonatally acquired (PNN) cerebral palsy (CP) in Australia significantly declined between 1973 and 2012. Cerebrovascular accidents are the most common proximal cause of PNN-CP. Children born in remote areas are at greater risk of PNN-CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Waight
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance/Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Sarah McIntyre
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance/Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Susan Woolfenden
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Linda Watson
- Western Australian Register of Developmental AnomaliesPerthWAAustralia
| | - Susan Reid
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Heather Scott
- Women's and Children's Health NetworkAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Tanya Martin
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Annabel Webb
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance/Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance/Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneyWestmeadNSWAustralia
| | - Hayley Smithers‐Sheedy
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance/Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
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Luo Y, Qu J, He Z, Zhang M, Zou Z, Li L, Zhang Y, Ye J. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve the Status of Hypoxic/Ischemic Cerebral Palsy Rats by Downregulating NogoA/NgR/Rho Pathway. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231210069. [PMID: 37982384 PMCID: PMC10664427 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231210069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSC) have shown promising potential in ameliorating brain injury, but the mechanism is unclear. We explore the role of NogoA/NgR/Rho pathway in mediating hUCMSC to improve neurobehavioral status and alleviate brain injury in hypoxia/ischemia-induced CP (cerebral palsy) rat model in order to promote the clinical application of stem cell therapy in CP. The injury model of HT22 cells was established after 3 h hypoxia, and then co-cultured with hUCMSC. The rat model of CP was established by ligation of the left common carotid artery for 2.5 h. Subsequently, hUCMSC was administered via the tail vein once a week for a total of four times. The neurobehavioral status of CP rats was determined by behavioral experiment, and the pathological brain injury was determined by pathological staining method. The mRNA and protein expressions of NogoA, NgR, RhoA, Rac1, and CDC42 in brain tissues of rats in all groups and cell groups were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The CP rats exhibited obvious motor function abnormalities and pathological damage. Compared with the control group, hUCMSC transplantation could significantly improve the neurobehavioral situation and attenuate brain pathological injury in CP rats. The relative expression of NogoA, NgR, RhoA mRNA, and protein in brain tissues of rats in the CP group was significantly higher than the rats in the sham and CP+hUCMSC group. The relative expression of Rac1, CDC42 mRNA, and protein in brain tissues of rats in the CP group was significantly lower than the rats in the sham and CP+hUCMSC group. The animal experiment results were consistent with the experimental trend of hypoxic injury of HT22 cells. This study confirmed that hUCMSC can efficiently improve neurobehavioral status and alleviate brain injury in hypoxia/ischemia-induced CP rat model and HT22 cell model through downregulating the NogoA/NgR/Rho pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoling Luo
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiayang Qu
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhengyi He
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Zou
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lincai Li
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | | | - Junsong Ye
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Qu J, Zhou L, Zhang H, Han D, Luo Y, Chen J, Li L, Zou Z, He Z, Zhang M, Ye J. Efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy in cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1006845. [PMID: 36588957 PMCID: PMC9794999 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1006845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Although the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for cerebral palsy has been demonstrated in previous studies, the number of studies is limited and the treatment protocols of these studies lack consistency. Therefore, we included all relevant studies to date to explore factors that might influence the effectiveness of treatment based on the determination of safety and efficacy. Methods: The data source includes PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, from inception to 2 January 2022. Literature was screened according to the PICOS principle, followed by literature quality evaluation to assess the risk of bias. Finally, the outcome indicators of each study were extracted for combined analysis. Results: 9 studies were included in the current analysis. The results of the pooled analysis showed that the improvements in both primary and secondary indicators except for Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development were more skewed towards stem cell therapy than the control group. In the subgroup analysis, the results showed that stem cell therapy significantly increased Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) scores of 3, 6, and 12 months. Besides, improvements in GMFM scores were more skewed toward umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, low dose, and intrathecal injection. Importantly, there was no significant difference in the adverse events (RR = 1.13; 95% CI = [0.90, 1.42]) between the stem cell group and the control group. Conclusion: The results suggested that stem cell therapy for cerebral palsy was safe and effective. Although the subgroup analysis results presented guiding significance in the selection of clinical protocols for stem cell therapy, high-quality RCTs validations are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Qu
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,School of Rehabilitation Medicine Gannan Medical University, GanZhou City, Jiangxi, China,The First Clinical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongmiao Han
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine Gannan Medical University, GanZhou City, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaolin Luo
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Clinical Medicine Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junming Chen
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,School of Rehabilitation Medicine Gannan Medical University, GanZhou City, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lincai Li
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhengwei Zou
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhengyi He
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Clinical Medicine Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Clinical Medicine Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junsong Ye
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Junsong Ye,
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McIntyre S, Goldsmith S, Webb A, Ehlinger V, Hollung SJ, McConnell K, Arnaud C, Smithers‐Sheedy H, Oskoui M, Khandaker G, Himmelmann K. Global prevalence of cerebral palsy: A systematic analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022; 64:1494-1506. [PMID: 35952356 PMCID: PMC9804547 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine trends and current estimates in regional and global prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD A systematic analysis of data from participating CP registers/surveillance systems and population-based prevalence studies (from birth year 1995) was performed. Quality and risk of bias were assessed for both data sources. Analyses were conducted for pre-/perinatal, postnatal, neonatal, and overall CP. For each region, trends were statistically classified as increasing, decreasing, heterogeneous, or no change, and most recent prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine current birth prevalence estimates (from birth year 2010). RESULTS Forty-one regions from 27 countries across five continents were represented. Pre-/perinatal birth prevalence declined significantly across Europe and Australia (11 out of 14 regions), with no change in postneonatal CP. From the limited but increasing data available from regions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), birth prevalence for pre-/perinatal CP was as high as 3.4 per 1000 (95% CI 3.0-3.9) live births. Following meta-analyses, birth prevalence for pre-/perinatal CP in regions from high-income countries (HICs) was 1.5 per 1000 (95% CI 1.4-1.6) live births, and 1.6 per 1000 (95% CI 1.5-1.7) live births when postneonatal CP was included. INTERPRETATION The birth prevalence estimate of CP in HICs declined to 1.6 per 1000 live births. Data available from LMICs indicated markedly higher birth prevalence. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS • Birth prevalence of pre-/perinatal cerebral palsy (CP) in high-income countries (HICs) is decreasing. • Current overall CP birth prevalence for HICs is 1.6 per 1000 live births. • Trends in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) cannot currently be measured. • Current birth prevalence in LMICs is markedly higher than in HICs. • Active surveillance of CP helps to assess the impact of medical advancements and social/economic development. • Population-based data on prevalence and trends of CP are critical to inform policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McIntyre
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Shona Goldsmith
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Annabel Webb
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Virginie Ehlinger
- Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population health (CERPOP), InsermUniversity of ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Sandra Julsen Hollung
- Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (NorCP), Vestfold Hospital TrustTønsbergNorway
| | | | | | - Hayley Smithers‐Sheedy
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Maryam Oskoui
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- Central Queensland Hospital and Health ServiceRockhamptonAustralia
| | - Kate Himmelmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Smith SE, Chowdhury MK, Doherty M, Morgan DD. Serious health-related suffering experienced by children with disability and their families living in Bangladesh: A scoping review. Palliat Med 2022; 37:602-626. [PMID: 36428280 DOI: 10.1177/02692163221136896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2020, the International Association for Hospice and Palliative Care redefined palliative care to incorporate the concept of serious health-related suffering. An estimated 21 million children globally live with conditions which would benefit from a palliative approach to relieve suffering. Bangladesh is a lower-middle income country with isolated provision of palliative care. AIM To synthesise existing evidence describing serious health-related suffering of children with disability and their families living in Bangladesh and the intersection between this suffering, palliative care and rehabilitation. DESIGN Scoping review methodology. DATA SOURCES A search strategy related to serious health-related suffering and childhood disability was applied to online databases and grey literature. English language studies (1990-2021) were included. Papers pertaining to serious health-related suffering of typically developing children and those over eighteen years were excluded. Data which addressed the three domains of serious health-related suffering (physical, social and emotional/spiritual) were extracted. Palliative care interventions were assessed with a pre-existing checklist. RESULTS Forty-six studies were included, representing ten different methodologies. Sample sizes ranged from 11 to 2582 participants, with 87% of studies including children with cerebral palsy. Serious health-related suffering was described in 100% of the studies, only 14 of the studies described specific interventions to mitigate suffering. Convergence between palliative care and rehabilitation approaches was evident. CONCLUSION Findings document the extensive nature and burden of serious childhood health-related suffering that may be remediated by a palliative approach. They highlight the urgent need to prioritise service development and research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Smith
- Master of Palliative Care student, Flinders University, Australia; Victorian Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Australia
| | | | - Megan Doherty
- University of Ottawa, ON, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Deidre D Morgan
- Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying (RePaDD), College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, SA, Australia
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McNamara L, Scott K, Boyd RN, Farmer E, Webb A, Bosanquet M, Nguyen K, Novak I. Can web-based implementation interventions improve physician early diagnosis of cerebral palsy? Protocol for a 3-arm parallel superiority randomised controlled trial and cost-consequence analysis comparing adaptive and non-adaptive virtual patient instructional designs with control to evaluate effectiveness on physician behaviour, diagnostic skills and patient outcomes. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063558. [PMID: 36410832 PMCID: PMC9680174 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood physical disability. Accurate diagnosis before 6 months is possible using predictive tools and decision-making skills. Yet diagnosis is typically made at 12-24 months of age, hindering access to early interventions that improve functional outcomes. Change in practice is required for physicians in key diagnostic behaviours. This study aims to close the identified research-practice gap and increase accurate CP diagnosis before 6 months of age through tailored web-based implementation interventions. This trial will determine whether adaptive e-learning using virtual patients, targeting CP diagnostic behaviours and clinical decision-making skills, effectively changes physician behaviour and practice compared with non-adaptive e-learning instructional design or control. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is a 3-arm parallel superiority randomised controlled trial of two tailored e-learning interventions developed to expedite physician CP diagnosis. The trial will compare adaptive (arm 1) and non-adaptive (arm 2) instructional designs with waitlist control (arm 3) to evaluate change in physician behaviour, skills and diagnostic practice. A sample size of 275 paediatric physicians enables detection of small magnitude effects (0.2) of primary outcomes between intervention comparators with 90% power (α=0.05), allowing for 30% attrition. Barrier analysis, Delphi survey, Behaviour Change Wheel and learning theory frameworks guided the intervention designs. Adaptive and non-adaptive video and navigation sequences utilising virtual patients and clinical practice guideline content were developed, integrating formative key features assessment targeting clinical decision-making skills relative to CP diagnosis.Physician outcomes will be evaluated based on postintervention key feature examination scores plus preintervention/postintervention behavioural intentions and practice measures. Associations with CP population registers will evaluate real-world diagnostic patient outcomes. Intervention costs will be reported in a cost-consequence analysis from funders' and societal perspectives. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approved from The University of Sydney (Project number 2021/386). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN 12622000184774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda McNamara
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Scott
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Farmer
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annabel Webb
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margot Bosanquet
- Paediatric Department, Townsville Hospital and Health Service District (THHS), Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kim Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Service Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Iona Novak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Al Imam MH, Jahan I, Das MC, Bashar SMK, Khan A, Muhit M, Power R, Akbar D, Badawi N, Khandaker G. SUpporting People in extreme POverty with Rehabilitation and Therapy (SUPPORT CP): a trial among families of children with cerebral palsy in Bangladesh. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022; 65:773-782. [PMID: 36335570 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test the efficacy of an integrated microfinance/livelihood and community-based rehabilitation (IMCBR) programme in improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and motor function of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and gain in social capital to their ultra-poor families in rural Bangladesh. METHOD This was an open-label cluster randomized control trial. Children with CP aged 5 years or under were randomly allocated to three arms; Arm A: IMCBR; Arm B: community-based rehabilitation (CBR); and Arm C: care-as-usual. The CBR was modified with phone follow-up followed by home-based CBR at 2.5 months post-enrolment because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. RESULTS Twenty-four clusters constituting 251 children-primary caregivers' dyads were assigned to three arms (Arm A = 80; Arm B = 82; Arm C = 89). Between baseline and endline, the percentage mean change in the physical functioning domain of HRQoL was highest in Arm A (30.0%) with a significant mean difference between Arm A and Arm B (p = 0.015). Improvement in the mean social capital score was significantly higher in Arm A compared to Arm C (p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION The findings suggest that IMCBR could improve the HRQoL of children with CP and the social capital of their ultra-poor families. Long-term follow-up of the trial participants and future exploration of such interventions are essential. The integrated livelihood and CBR programme holds potential to improve health and well-being of children with CP and their ultra-poor families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudul Hassan Al Imam
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Israt Jahan
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manik Chandra Das
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sk Md Kamrul Bashar
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arifuzzaman Khan
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mohammad Muhit
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rosalie Power
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Delwar Akbar
- School of Business and Law, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Branjerdporn N, Benfer K, Crawford E, Ziviani J, Boyd RN, Sakzewski L. Efficacy of early interventions with active parent implementation in low-and-Middle income countries for young children with cerebral palsy to improve child development and parent mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 44:6969-6983. [PMID: 34647839 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1989063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the efficacy of interventions with active parent implementation for young children with cerebral palsy (CP) to improve child and parent outcomes in low-middle income countries (LMICs). METHODS Five databases were systematically searched. Randomised or comparison studies evaluating interventions with the training of the parent and/or home practice components to implement with their child with CP (<60 months of age) were included. The modified Downs and Black scale assessed methodological quality. Data were pooled to calculate mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Searches yielded 189 unique articles. 11 studies from ten papers of moderate to high quality were included. Parent-implemented general developmental interventions had a small negative effect on gross motor function compared to interventionist-implemented therapy. Parent-implemented upper limb training compared to interventionist-implemented neurodevelopmental therapy had a small positive effect on bimanual hand function. Parent-implemented functional feeding training had a large significant effect on chewing function compared to parent-implemented oral motor exercises. Parent-implemented interventions targeting general child development and feeding had mixed effects on parent stress outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Parent-implemented interventions in LMICs are promising to improve child bimanual hand and chewing function. Further research evaluating the efficacy of parent-implemented interventions to improve parent mental health is needed.Implications for Rehabilitation:Intensive motor training-based interventions with active parent implementation were effective to improve child gross motor, bimanual hand, and chewing function in young children with CP compared to passive, generic interventionist-implemented or health education interventions.Interventions with active parent implementation had mixed results to improve parent mental health, however, this was frequently not assessed. A consistent level of support and training provided to parents may be required to have a positive effect on parent stress.To further understand the feasibility of early interventions with active parent implementation in LMICs, data on adherence to home practice dose and session attendance and a qualitative understanding of contextual and child factors influencing parent implementation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataya Branjerdporn
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katherine Benfer
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Emma Crawford
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jenny Ziviani
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Sakzewski
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
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45
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Amer A, Hermansson L, Jarl G, Kamusiime S, Forssberg H, Andrews C, Kakooza-Mwesige A, Eliasson AC. Validity and test-retest reliability of the Ugandan version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-UG) in children and youth with cerebral palsy. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 49:464-484. [PMID: 36207773 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Validity of the Ugandan version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-UG) was previously investigated on typically developing children. This study aimed to investigate the validity, test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the PEDI-UG in children and youth (C&Y) with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD A cross-sectional study design with 118 C&Y with CP (44.7% girls) aged 10 months-22.5 years were included in the study; 37 of them completed the PEDI-UG twice to investigate test-retest reliability, determined by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Additionally, data from 249 typically developing children were used for differential item functioning (DIF) analysis. The validity of the PEDI-UG was investigated by Rasch analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were calculated to investigate associations between PEDI-UG scores and external classification systems. RESULTS The principal component analysis of residuals indicated unidimensionality in all domains. The ICC values were excellent (0.98-0.99), and the MDCs were less than 6 and 13 (on a 0-100 scale) for the functional skills and caregiver assistance parts, respectively. The four-category caregiver assistance rating scale fulfilled the criteria for the analysis of rating scale functioning. In total, 78 of 189 items in the functional skills domain and two items in the caregiver assistance domain demonstrated DIF between C&Y with CP and TD children. The Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) and Spearman's correlation (coefficients of -0.93 to -0.78) supported the validity of PEDI-UG. CONCLUSION The current diagnose-specific version of PEDI-UG demonstrates evidence for validity as a measure of ability in C&Y with CP in Uganda and other similar settings, being a promising tool for use in clinical practice and research. Conversion tables and MDC values are provided to facilitate clinical adoption of the measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Amer
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Liselotte Hermansson
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gustav Jarl
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sauba Kamusiime
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hans Forssberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carin Andrews
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ann Christin Eliasson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jahan I, Al Imam MH, Muhit M, Chhetri AB, Badawi N, Khandaker G. Epidemiology of cerebral palsy among children in the remote Gorkha district of Nepal: findings from the Nepal cerebral palsy register. Disabil Rehabil 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36102553 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2118871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the epidemiology of cerebral palsy (CP) among children in Gorkha, Nepal. METHODS We established the first population-based register of children with CP aged <18 y in Gorkha, Nepal (i.e., Nepal CP Register). Children with suspected CP underwent detailed neurodevelopmental assessment by a multidisciplinary assessment team. Socio-demographic, etiology, motor severity, rehabilitation, and educational status were documented. RESULTS Between January and October 2018, 182 children with confirmed CP were registered (mean (standard deviation (SD)) age: 10 years 1 months (4 years 10 months), 37.4% females). The majority (88.3%) had CP acquired pre- or perinatally. Mean (SD) age of CP diagnosis was four years five months. Mothers who did not receive any formal schooling had 4.5, 3.1, and 6.3 times higher odds of having inadequate antenatal care, homebirth, and unskilled birth attendants, respectively, when adjusted for other factors. Most children had spastic CP (77.5%) and Gross Motor Function Classification System level III-V (54.9%). Overall, 45.8% had never received rehabilitation services, 58.0% of school-aged children were not attending schools. The median age of receiving rehabilitation services was three years zero months. CONCLUSIONS The delayed diagnosis and clinical severity indicate the overall poor health status of children with CP in Nepal which could be improved by ensuring early diagnosis and intervention. Implications for rehabilitationThe first population-based cerebral palsy register in Nepal suggests diagnosis of CP is considerably delayed among children.The high burden of severe motor impairment and poor communication skill with limited access to timely rehabilitation among children with CP in Nepal is concerning.Capacity development of community-based health workers and mothers of children with CP could help implementing community-based programs for prevention and early diagnosis of CP, and to promote early intervention for children with CP in remote Gorkha, Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israt Jahan
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Mahmudul Hassan Al Imam
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Mohammad Muhit
- CSF Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Asian Institute of Disability and Development (AIDD), University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, Sydney Children’s Hospital Network, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Smithers‐Sheedy H, Waight E, Goldsmith S, Reid S, Gibson C, Watson L, Auld M, Badawi N, Webb A, Diviney L, Mcintyre S. Declining trends in birth prevalence and severity of singletons with cerebral palsy of prenatal or perinatal origin in Australia: A population-based observational study. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022; 64:1114-1122. [PMID: 35261024 PMCID: PMC9544021 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate temporal trends in birth prevalence, disability severity, and motor type for singletons with prenatal or perinatally acquired cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD Numerator data, number of children with CP born a singleton between 1995 and 2014, confirmed at 5 years of age, were drawn from three state registers with population-level ascertainment. Birth prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated per 1000 singleton live births for the three states combined, overall, by gestational age group, by dichotomized disability severity, and spastic laterality. Poisson regression models were used to analyse trends. Using data from all eight registers, trends in the proportional distribution of CP subtypes overall and stratified by gestational age were examined. RESULTS Birth prevalence of CP declined from 1.8 (95% CI 1.6-2.0) in 1995 to 1996 to 1.2 (95% CI 1.1-1.4) in 2013 to 2014 (average 5% per 2-year epoch, p < 0.001). Declines in birth prevalence were observed across all gestational age groups with the largest decline in children born at <28 weeks (average 8% per epoch, p < 0.001). Prevalence of moderate-severe disability declined for children born at <28 and ≥37 weeks (average 11% and 7% per epoch respectively, p < 0.001). The proportions of bilateral spastic CP declined (p < 0.001) at <28 weeks (p = 0.014) and ≥37 weeks (p < 0.001). The proportion of children with dyskinesia increased (28-31 weeks: p = 0.021, 32-36 weeks: p = 0.001, and ≥37 weeks: p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION Birth prevalence of CP and moderate-severe disability (<28 and ≥37 weeks) declined in Australian singletons between 1995 and 2014, reflecting changes in prenatal and perinatal care over time. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Declines in birth prevalence of prenatal or perinatally acquired cerebral palsy were observed for singletons born in Australia between 1995 and 2014. These declines were evident across all gestational age groups. Declines in birth prevalence of moderate-severe disability were observed for children born at <28 weeks and ≥37 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Smithers‐Sheedy
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Emma Waight
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shona Goldsmith
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sue Reid
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteThe Royal Children’s HospitalUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Catherine Gibson
- Women’s and Children’s Health NetworkAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Linda Watson
- Department of Health Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Megan Auld
- CPL – Choice, Passion, LifeBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia,Grace Centre for Newborn CareThe Children’s Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Annabel Webb
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Leanne Diviney
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sarah Mcintyre
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
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Wright K, Dehar A, Stott NS, Mackey A, Sorhage A, Tapera R, Williams SA. Prioritizing indigenous health equity in health registers: an environmental scan of strategies for equitable ascertainment and quality data. Glob Health Res Policy 2022; 7:24. [PMID: 35854338 PMCID: PMC9295285 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-022-00250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral palsy (CP) registers serve as instrumental tools to support development of care pathways, preventative strategies, and health gains. Such health gains, however, are not always universal, with Indigenous health inequities common. To support Indigenous health, health registers need complete, consistent, and high-quality data. The aim of this study was to identify perceived barriers to the ascertainment of Indigenous peoples on health registers and to collate strategies supporting comprehensive ascertainment and achievement of high-quality Indigenous data. Methods Environmental scanning methods were utilized within a Kaupapa Māori theoretical framework, which aims to produce research that is transformational and supportive of Indigenous health gain. Knowledge and insights were obtained from CP registers in countries with Indigenous populations and complemented by information from health registers in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Data collection methods included an online survey and scan of organizational websites. Data extraction focused on general information about the register, barriers to ascertainment, and strategies to support ascertainment and high data quality. Results 52 registers were identified, 20 completed the survey and 19 included in the study (CP registers, n = 10, NZ health registers, n = 9). Web scan data were included for the other 32 registers (CP registers, n = 21, NZ health registers, n = 11). Indigenous health equity was identified in the visions and aims of only two health registers. Ethnicity data collection was identified in nearly three quarters of survey respondents and a limited number of organizational websites. Over half of survey respondents described system, health provider/service, or workforce barriers to ascertainment. Strategies were categorized into collaboration, health provider/service, workforce, and systems-levels. Indigenous-specific strategies were limited and focused on personal behaviour and access to registration. Conclusions CP and other health registers can have a significant role in identifying and addressing Indigenous health inequities. However, this is not currently an overt priority for many registers in this study and few registers describe ascertainment and data quality strategies specific to Indigenous peoples. Significant opportunity exists for health registers to be accountable and to implement approaches to support Indigenous health equity, address structural determinants of inequities, and achieve health gain for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wright
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Aria Dehar
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - N Susan Stott
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,New Zealand Cerebral Palsy Register, Starship Child Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Mackey
- New Zealand Cerebral Palsy Register, Starship Child Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alexandra Sorhage
- New Zealand Cerebral Palsy Register, Starship Child Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Tapera
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sîan A Williams
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Mushta SM, King C, Goldsmith S, Smithers-Sheedy H, Badahdah AM, Rashid H, Badawi N, Khandaker G, McIntyre S. Epidemiology of Cerebral Palsy among Children and Adolescents in Arabic-Speaking Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:859. [PMID: 35884667 PMCID: PMC9313288 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on cerebral palsy among children and adolescents in Arabic-speaking countries are scarce. In this systematic review, we aimed to describe the epidemiology of cerebral palsy among children and adolescents in Arabic-speaking countries in terms of prevalence, risk factors, motor types, and rehabilitation. METHODS Six key bibliographic databases were searched for relevant literature published to 17 July 2021. Titles and abstracts were screened for potential inclusion and two independent reviewers screened the full texts of potential articles following pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated independently by three reviewers. The risk of bias was assessed, and data were extracted and analysed. RESULTS A total of 32 studies from 7 countries met our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of cerebral palsy in Arabic-speaking countries was 1.8/1000 live births (95% CI: 1.2-2.5). Spastic cerebral palsy was the most common motor type, representing 59.8% (95% CI: 46.2-72.7) of pooled estimates. This included children with spastic quadriplegia, diplegia, and hemiplegia; 25.1% (95% CI: 18.2-32.8), 16.2% (95% CI: 11.4-23.3), and 10.4% (95% CI: 7.3-13.8), respectively. Consanguinity was high and represented 37.7% (95% CI: 29.3-46.6). Only one included study reported the types of rehabilitation received (e.g., physiotherapy and assistance devices). CONCLUSIONS This paper provides a summary of the epidemiology of cerebral palsy in Arabic-speaking countries and highlights areas for future research. There is still a substantial knowledge gap on the epidemiology of cerebral palsy in these regions. Countries in the Arab region should follow examples of countries that have successfully established cerebral palsy registries to generate evidence on epidemiology of cerebral palsy and opportunities for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Mukhdari Mushta
- The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (S.M.M.); (H.R.)
- Public Health Authority, Riyadh 13354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine King
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Shona Goldsmith
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (S.G.); (H.S.-S.); (N.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Hayley Smithers-Sheedy
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (S.G.); (H.S.-S.); (N.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Al-Mamoon Badahdah
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Harunor Rashid
- The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (S.M.M.); (H.R.)
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (S.G.); (H.S.-S.); (N.B.); (S.M.)
- Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, Sydney Children’s Hospital Network (SCHN), Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, QLD 4700, Australia
| | - Sarah McIntyre
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (S.G.); (H.S.-S.); (N.B.); (S.M.)
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50
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Jackman M, Sakzewski L, Morgan C, Boyd RN, Brennan SE, Langdon K, Toovey RAM, Greaves S, Thorley M, Novak I. Intervenções para promover função física de crianças e jovens com paralisia cerebral: diretriz internacional de prática clínica. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022; 64:e15-e29. [PMID: 35729722 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ResumoOBJETIVOFornecer recomendações de intervenções para promoção da função física de crianças e jovens com paralisia cerebral.MÉTODOUm painel de especialistas priorizou perguntas e desfechos importantes para o paciente. Usando o Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), o painel avaliou a certeza das evidências e fez recomendações, com consultoria de especialistas internacionais e consumidores.RESULTADOSA diretriz compreende 13 recomendações (informadas por três revisões sistemáticas, 30 estudos randomizados e cinco estudos pré‐pós). Para alcance de objetivos funcionais, recomenda‐se que a intervenção inclua objetivos escolhidos pelo cliente, prática completa da tarefa em ambientes da vida real, suporte para empoderar as famílias e uma abordagem em equipe. Idade, habilidade e preferências da criança/família precisam ser consideradas. Para melhora da habilidade da marcha, recomenda‐se marcha no solo, que pode ser complementada com treinamento em esteira. Várias abordagens podem facilitar os objetivos relacionados ao uso das mãos: terapia bimanual, terapia de contensão induzida, treino direcionado a objetivos e abordagens cognitivas. Para auto‐cuidado, prática da tarefa completa, combinada com recursos assistivos podem aumentar a independência e reduzir a sobrecarga do cuidador. A participação em objetivos de lazer pode combinar prática da tarefa completa com estratégias direcionadas para barreiras ambientais, pessoais e sociais.INTERPRETAÇÃOIntervenção para promoção da função de crianças e jovens com paralisia cerebral precisa incluir objetivos escolhidos pelo cliente e a prática da tarefa completa dos objetivos. Os clínicos devem considerar as preferências da criança/família, idade e habilidade ao selecionarem intervenções específicas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jackman
- The University of Queensland, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Leanne Sakzewski
- The University of Queensland, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine Morgan
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- The University of Queensland, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sue E Brennan
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Rachel A M Toovey
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sue Greaves
- Occupational Therapy Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan Thorley
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Iona Novak
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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