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Groti Antonič K, Zitzmann M. Novel perspectives of testosterone therapy in men with functional hypogonadism: traversing the gaps of knowledge. Aging Male 2024; 27:2296460. [PMID: 38149634 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2023.2296460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the past decade, there has been a significant augmentation in the corpus of evidence pertaining to functional hypogonadism. Despite this, prevailing clinical guidelines continue to advise against the universal screening for hypogonadism in middle-aged and elderly males. FINDINGS Numerous randomized controlled trials have scrutinized the effects of testosterone therapy in males afflicted with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity. However, these guidelines uniformly assert that lifestyle modifications and weight reduction should be the primary intervention strategies in overweight and obese males, relegating testosterone therapy to a secondary, selective option. It is extensively documented that testosterone therapy can yield substantial improvements in various metabolic parameters as well as ameliorate symptoms of erectile dysfunction. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated the potential of testosterone therapy in reversing type 2 diabetes in males with low-normal testosterone levels who are at elevated risk for this condition, in comparison to the outcomes achievable through lifestyle modifications alone. CONCLUSION This focused review article aims to present a comprehensive update on the latest data concerning the innovative aspects of testosterone therapy in males with functional hypogonadism, particularly in the context of type 2 diabetes and/or obesity. Additionally, it will delve into the cardiovascular safety of such interventions within this high-risk demographic, with a special emphasis on insights gleaned from the TRAVERSE trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Groti Antonič
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael Zitzmann
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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Kehinde SA, Fatokun TP, Olajide AT, Praveena SM, Sokan-Adeaga AA, Adekunle AP, Fouad D, Papadakis M. Impact of polyethylene microplastics exposure on kallikrein-3 levels, steroidal-thyroidal hormones, and antioxidant status in murine model: protective potentials of naringin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:23664. [PMID: 39390134 PMCID: PMC11467413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The widespread presence of microplastics in the environment has raised significant concerns regarding their potential impact on human and animal health. Among various microplastic types, polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) are particularly prevalent due to the extensive use in packaging and consumer products. Exploring the uncharted therapeutic potentials of naringin, this study delves into its mitigating effects on disruptions in kallikrein-3 levels, steroidal-thyroidal hormone balance, and antioxidant defense triggered by PE-MPs exposure, paving the way for novel interventions in environmental toxin-induced endocrine and oxidative stress disorders. Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were randomly grouped into four: Control, PE-MPs (1.5 mg/kg), PE-MPs + NAR (1.5 mg/kg PE-MPs + 100 mg/kg NAR), and NAR (100 mg/kg). Hormonal and antioxidant parameters were assessed after 28 days of exposure. PE-MPs exposure caused a significant increase(p < 0.005) in the level of kallikrein-3 (KLK-3) while it significantly reduces the levels of testosterone (TST), luteinizing hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and Free-triiodothyronine (fT3) and Total cholesterol (TChol) concentration. PE-MPs exposure also disrupted significantly (p < 0.005) antioxidant profile by down-regulating the activities of glutathione-S-transferase, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing levels of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) while concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased relative to control. However, the mitigating potentials of naringin on disruptions in hormonal and antioxidant profiles caused by PE-MPs exposure were demonstrated, as NAR normalized KLK-3, steroid, and thyroid hormone levels, cholesterol concentration, and enhanced antioxidant defense. This suggests that NAR is a promising protective agent against endocrine and oxidative damage induced by environmental contaminants such as microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Abiodun Kehinde
- Biochemical/Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria.
| | - Tolulope Peter Fatokun
- Department of Drug Toxicology and Safety Pharmacology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Abosede Temitope Olajide
- Cell and Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Adewale Allen Sokan-Adeaga
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Adegbola Philip Adekunle
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Oyo State College of Health Sciences and Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
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de Silva NL, Grant B, Minhas S, Jayasena CN. Cardiovascular disease and testosterone therapy in male hypogonadism. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1540:121-132. [PMID: 39243393 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
This review assesses the evidence of the physiological effects of testosterone on cardiovascular health, the association between male hypogonadism and cardiovascular health, and the effects of testosterone therapy on cardiovascular health in male hypogonadism. Preclinical studies suggest complex effects of testosterone on cardiovascular risk by acting on skeletal muscle, cardiomyocytes, vasculature, adipocytes, insulin action, and erythropoiesis. Furthermore, low testosterone has a bi-directional association with cardiometabolic risk. Observational studies have reported worse metabolic profiles in men with organic hypogonadism. However, a consistent association between major cardiovascular events and male hypogonadism has not been established. Hematocrit increases with testosterone therapy; however, most studies do not report an increase in venous thromboembolism risk. Although some observational studies and a small randomized controlled study reported an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, recent data confirm the medium-term cardiovascular safety of testosterone therapy in middle-aged and older men with low testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Lakshitha de Silva
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Bonnie Grant
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Channa N Jayasena
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Sinha A, Deb VK, Datta A, Yadav S, Phulkar A, Adhikari S. Evaluation of structural features of anabolic-androgenic steroids: entanglement for organ-specific toxicity. Steroids 2024; 212:109518. [PMID: 39322097 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs), more correctly termed "steroidal androgens", are a broad category of compounds including both synthetic derivatives and endogenously produced androgens like testosterone, which have long been employed as performance-enhancing substances, primarily among recreational athletes and some professionals. While their short-term effects on muscle physiology are well-documented, the long-term health consequences remain inadequately understood. A key finding is the disruption of hormone production, leading to reversible and irreversible changes, particularly with prolonged use. While debate exists over the prevalence of adverse effects, studies suggest a spectrum of somatic and psychiatric consequences, highlighting the need for improved understanding and prevention strategies. AASs are not only affect muscle structure but also influence mood, behavior, and body image, potentially exacerbating substance dependence and psychological distress. Liver alterations are a prominent concern, with oxidative stress implicated in AAS-induced hepatotoxicity. Reproductive complications, including gonadal atrophy and infertility, are common, alongside virilization and feminization effects in both genders. Cardiovascular effects are particularly worrisome, with AASs implicated in hypertension, dyslipidemia, and increased thrombotic risk, contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Moreover, AASs may enhance cancer risks, potentially accelerating carcinogenesis in various tissues, including the prostate. The review emphasizes the need for comprehensive public health initiatives to mitigate harm, including harm minimization strategies, routine health screenings, and targeted interventions for AAS users. Understanding the complex interplay of biological mechanisms and systemic effects is crucial for informing clinical management and preventive measures. This review also examines the biological impact of AASs on human muscles, detailing mechanisms of action, chemistry, and associated health risks such as liver damage, cardiovascular disease, and endocrine dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Sinha
- Department of Physical Education, Govt. Degree College, Dharmanagar, Tripura(N) 799253, India.
| | - Vishal Kumar Deb
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhijit Datta
- Department of Botany, Ambedkar College, Fatikroy, Unakoti 799290 Tripura, India
| | - Satpal Yadav
- Department of Sports Biomechanics, LNIPE, NERC, Guwahati 782402 Assam, India
| | - Ashish Phulkar
- Department of Sports Management and Coaching, LNIPE, Gwalior 474002, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Suman Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College, Dharmanagar, Tripura(N) 799253, India.
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Avendaño MS, Perdices-Lopez C, Guerrero-Ruiz Y, Ruiz-Pino F, Rodriguez-Sanchez AB, Sanchez-Tapia MJ, Sobrino V, Pineda R, Barroso A, Correa-Sáez A, Lara-Chica M, Fernandez-Garcia JC, García-Redondo AB, Hernanz R, Ruiz-Cruz M, Garcia-Galiano D, Pitteloud N, Calzado MA, Briones AM, Vázquez MJ, Tena-Sempere M. The evolutionary conserved miR-137/325 tandem mediates obesity-induced hypogonadism and metabolic comorbidities by repressing hypothalamic kisspeptin. Metabolism 2024; 157:155932. [PMID: 38729600 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-induced hypogonadism (OIH) is a prevalent, but often neglected condition in men, which aggravates the metabolic complications of overweight. While hypothalamic suppression of Kiss1-encoded kisspeptin has been suggested to contribute to OIH, the molecular mechanisms for such repression in obesity, and the therapeutic implications thereof, remain unknown. METHODS A combination of bioinformatic, expression and functional analyses was implemented, assessing the role of the evolutionary-conserved miRNAs, miR-137 and miR-325, in mediating obesity-induced suppression of hypothalamic kisspeptin, as putative mechanism of central hypogonadism and metabolic comorbidities. The implications of such miR-137/325-kisspeptin interplay for therapeutic intervention in obesity were also explored using preclinical OIH models. RESULTS MiR-137/325 repressed human KISS1 3'-UTR in-vitro and inhibited hypothalamic kisspeptin content in male rats, while miR-137/325 expression was up-regulated, and Kiss1/kisspeptin decreased, in the medio-basal hypothalamus of obese rats. Selective over-expression of miR-137 in Kiss1 neurons reduced Kiss1/ kisspeptin and partially replicated reproductive and metabolic alterations of OIH in lean mice. Conversely, interference of the repressive actions of miR-137/325 selectively on Kiss1 3'-UTR in vivo, using target-site blockers (TSB), enhanced kisspeptin content and reversed central hypogonadism in obese rats, together with improvement of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and cardiovascular and inflammatory markers, despite persistent exposure to obesogenic diet. Reversal of OIH by TSB miR-137/325 was more effective than chronic kisspeptin or testosterone treatments in obese rats. CONCLUSIONS Our data disclose that the miR-137/325-Kisspeptin repressive interaction is a major player in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced hypogonadism and a putative druggable target for improved management of this condition and its metabolic comorbidities in men suffering obesity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Up to half of the men suffering obesity display also central hypogonadism, an often neglected complication of overweight that can aggravate the clinical course of obesity and its complications. The mechanisms for such obesity-induced hypogonadism remain poorly defined. We show here that the evolutionary conserved miR137/miR325 tandem centrally mediates obesity-induced hypogonadism via repression of the reproductive-stimulatory signal, kisspeptin; this may represent an amenable druggable target for improved management of hypogonadism and other metabolic complications of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Avendaño
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Cecilia Perdices-Lopez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Yolanda Guerrero-Ruiz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana B Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María J Sanchez-Tapia
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Verónica Sobrino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Pineda
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alexia Barroso
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Correa-Sáez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maribel Lara-Chica
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - José C Fernandez-Garcia
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana B García-Redondo
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Instituto Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Cruz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - David Garcia-Galiano
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Department of Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco A Calzado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana M Briones
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain.
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Son DH, Kwon YJ, Lee JH. Sex difference in skeletal muscle mass in relation to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a propensity score matching study. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100270. [PMID: 38833877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While low muscle mass is considered a risk factor for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), whether the relationship is independent of fat mass remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aims to clarify the association between the sex-specific height-adjusted low skeletal muscle mass index (LSMI) and MASLD. METHODS Data from the 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. LSMI was defined using the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-liver fat score was used to assess MASLD. Gender-specific 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to mitigate the confounding effects of anthropometric variables and lifestyles. Conditional logistic analysis was used on the dataset after PSM to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS After PSM, the prevalence of MASLD was significantly higher in men with LSMI than in those without LSMI (37.4% vs. 29.6%). No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of MASLD between groups after PSM in women (20.4% vs. 20.3%). Conditional logistic analysis revealed that the odds of having MASLD were significantly higher in men with LSMI compared to those without LSMI (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.09-1.75), while no significant association was found in women with LSMI (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.87-1.40). CONCLUSION Height-adjusted LSMI is an independent factor associated with MASLD in the condition of the same level of fat mass in men. Further prospective studies in diverse populations are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Son
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Tishova Y, Kalinchenko S, Mskhalaya G, Hackett G, Livingston M, König C, Strange R, Zitzmann M, Mann A, Maarouf A, Ramachandran S. Testosterone therapy reduces insulin resistance in men with adult-onset testosterone deficiency and metabolic syndrome. Results from the Moscow Study, a randomized controlled trial with an open-label phase. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2147-2157. [PMID: 38433502 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To describe changes in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) following testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome (MetS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) comprising 184 men with MetS and hypogonadism (testosterone undecanoate [TU]: 113 men, placebo: 71 men) was conducted. This was followed by an open-label phase in which all men were given TU. We focused on men who were not receiving antiglycaemic agents (TU: 81 men; placebo: 54 men) as these could affect HOMA-IR. Inter-group comparison of HOMA-IR was restricted to the RCT (30 weeks), whilst intra-group comparison was carried out on men provided TU during the RCT and open-label phases (study cohort) and men given placebo during the RCT and then switched to TU during the open-label phase (confirmatory cohort). Regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with change in HOMA-IR (∆HOMA-IR). RESULTS The median HOMA-IR was significantly reduced at almost every time point (after 18 weeks) compared to baseline in men receiving TU in both the study and confirmatory cohorts. There was a significant decrease in median values of fasting glucose (30 weeks: -2.1%; 138 weeks: -4.9%) and insulin (30 weeks: -10.5%; 138 weeks: -35.5%) after TU treatment. Placebo was not associated with significant ∆HOMA-IR. The only consistent predictor of HOMA-IR decrease following TU treatment was baseline HOMA-IR (r2 ≥ 0.64). CONCLUSIONS Baseline HOMA-IR predicted ΔHOMA-IR, with a greater percentage change in insulin than in fasting glucose. In men with MetS/type 2 diabetes (T2DM) not on antiglycaemic therapy, improvements in HOMA-IR may be greater than suggested by change in fasting glucose. Our results suggest that hypogonadism screening be included in the management of men with MetS/T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Tishova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Clinic K-medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Kalinchenko
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - George Mskhalaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine, European Medical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Geoffrey Hackett
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark Livingston
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Black Country Pathology Services, Walsall Manor Hospital, UK
- School of Medicine and Clinical Practice, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Carola König
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Richard Strange
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Michael Zitzmann
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Munster University Hospital, Munster, Germany
| | - Amar Mann
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, UK
| | - Amro Maarouf
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, UK
| | - Sudarshan Ramachandran
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University, London, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Foundation Trust, Staffordshire, UK
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8
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Gonzalez-Gil AM, Barnouin Y, Celli A, Viola V, Villarreal MD, Nava MLD, Sciuk A, Qualls C, Armamento-Villareal R, Villareal DT. Metabolic effects of testosterone added to intensive lifestyle intervention in older men with obesity and hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae249. [PMID: 38606934 PMCID: PMC11470114 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) conveys additional cardiometabolic benefit to an intensive lifestyle therapy (LT) in older men with obesity and hypogonadism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether TRT augments the effect of LT on metabolic outcomes in older men with obesity and hypogonadism. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS 83 older (age ≥ 65 years) men with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and persistently low AM testosterone (< 10.4 nmol/L) associated with frailty. INTERVENTIONS LT (weight management and exercise training) plus either testosterone (LT+TRT) or placebo (LT+Pbo) for six months. OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome was change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary outcomes included changes in other glucometabolic and lipid profile components, liver enzymes, inflammatory markers, adipokines; subcutaneous, visceral, intramuscular, and hepatic fat; blood pressure, and metabolic syndrome score. RESULTS HbA1c decreased similarly in LT+TRT and LT+Pbo groups (-0.5% vs. -0.6%, respectively; p= 0.35). While TRT showed no synergistic effect with LT on ameliorating secondary outcomes, it eliminated the augmentative effect of LT on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (5.4 ± 1.0 mg/dL in LT+Pbo group vs. 0.2 ± 1.1 mg/dL in LT+TRT group, p= 0.01) and adiponectin levels (-408 ± 489 ng/mL in TRT+LT group vs 1832 ± 468 ng/mL in LT+Pbo group, p= 0.02). CONCLUSION In older men with obesity and hypogonadism, adding TRT for six months to LT does not result in further improved cardiometabolic profiles, and could potentially blunt some of the metabolic benefits induced by LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Gonzalez-Gil
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yoann Barnouin
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alessandra Celli
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX, USA
| | - Viola Viola
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marcos D. Villarreal
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Liza Duremdes Nava
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adam Sciuk
- Section of Radiology, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Clifford Qualls
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Reina Armamento-Villareal
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dennis T. Villareal
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX, USA
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9
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Barsky ST, Monks DA. Lifespan Effects of Muscle-Specific Androgen Receptor Overexpression on Body Composition of Male and Female Rats. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae012. [PMID: 38301268 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Androgenic actions of gonadal testosterone are thought to be a major mechanism promoting sex differences in body composition across the lifespan. However, this inference is based on studies of androgen receptor (AR) function in late adolescent or emerging adult rodents. Here we assess body composition and AR expression in skeletal muscle of rats at defined ages, comparing wild-type (WT) to transgenic human skeletal actin-driven AR overexpression (HSAAR) rats which overexpress AR in skeletal muscle. Male and female HSAAR and WT Sprague Dawley rats (N = 288) underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning and tissue collection at postnatal day (PND) 1, 10, 21, 42, 70, 183, 243, and 365. Expected sex differences in body composition and muscle mass largely onset with puberty (PND-21), with no associated changes to skeletal muscle AR protein. In adulthood, HSAAR increased tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus mass in males, and reduced the expected gain in gonadal fat mass in both sexes. In WT rats, AR protein was reduced in soleus, but not TA, throughout life. Nonetheless, soleus AR protein expression was greater in male rats than female rats at all ages of sexual development, yet only at PND-70 in TA. Overall, despite muscle AR overexpression effects, results are inconsistent with major sex differences in body composition during sexual development being driven by changes in muscle AR, rather suggesting that changes in ligand promote sexual differentiation of body composition during pubertal timing. Nonetheless, increased skeletal muscle AR in adulthood can be sufficient to increase muscle mass in males, and reduce adipose in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Tzivia Barsky
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Douglas Ashley Monks
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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10
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Di Luigi L, Antinozzi C, Duranti G, Dimauro I, Sgrò P. Sex-Chromosome-Related Dimorphism in Steroidogenic Enzymes and Androgen Receptor in Response to Testosterone Treatment: An In Vitro Study on Human Primary Skeletal Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17382. [PMID: 38139211 PMCID: PMC10743853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender-related methodology in biomedical sciences receives considerable attention, with numerous studies highlighting biological differences between cisgender males and females. These differences influence the clinical symptoms of various diseases and impact therapeutic approaches. In this in vitro study, we investigate the potential role of sex-chromosome-related dimorphism on steroidogenic enzymes, androgen receptor (AR) expression, and cellular translocation in primary human skeletal muscle cells before and after exposure to testosterone. We analyzed 46XY and 46XX cells for 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), 5α-reductase (5α-R2), aromatase (Cyp-19), and AR gene expression. We also compared AR expression and intracellular translocation after increasing exposure to testosterone. At baseline, we observed higher mRNA expression for 5α-R2 and AR in 46XY cells and higher Cyp-19 mRNA expression in 46XX cells. Following testosterone exposure, we observed an increase in AR expression and translocation in 46XX cells, even at the lowest dose of 0.5 nM, while significant changes in 46XY cells were observed only from 10 nM. Our in vitro results demonstrate that the diverse sex chromosome assets reflect important differences in muscle steroidogenesis. They support the concept that chromosomal disparities between males and females, even in vitro, lead to pivotal variations in cellular physiology and response. This understanding represents a crucial starting point in gender medicine, ensuring a precise approach in clinical practice, sports, and exercise settings and facilitating the translation of in vitro data to in vivo applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Luigi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy; (L.D.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Cristina Antinozzi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy; (L.D.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, 00135 Rome, Italy; (L.D.L.); (P.S.)
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11
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Smith BK, Ward M. The Role of Testosterone Therapy in Men's Health. Nurs Clin North Am 2023; 58:525-539. [PMID: 37832997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 3 decades, there has been an increased interest in testosterone replacement therapy. This trend is a result of an aging population, endocrine disruptors in our foods and environment and rising obesity rates. In addition, there has been a surge in Men's Health clinics and online direct-to-consumer Web sites, making testosterone replacement therapy much more readily accessible. As more men seek to increase their testosterone levels, more long-term random control studies are needed to gain better insight into testosterone optimization to support the anecdotal observation commonly experienced in the practice setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake K Smith
- American Association for Men in Nursing, Wisconsin Rapids, WI, USA; Clinical Documentation Sr. Analyst, Enterprise Applications, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA; Accelerated Program Student Success Coach, School of Nursing, Nebraska Methodist College, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael Ward
- Critical Care Nurse Practitioner, Cardiovascular ICU, Medical ICU, Texas Health Huguley Hospital, 11801 South Freeway, Burleson, TX 76028, USA.
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12
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Hwang J, Park S. A Korean Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Risk Factors, Prevalence, and Characteristics of Sarcopenia in Men in Early Old Age. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2860. [PMID: 37958004 PMCID: PMC10649574 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the risk factors, prevalence, and characteristics of sarcopenia among men aged 50-64 years. A total of 2868 participants were enrolled in this study. Of these, 328 individuals were classified into a sarcopenia group; the remaining 2540 were assigned to a control group. This study examined several variables, including skeletal muscle mass index, age, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use. It employed a stratified, clustered, and multistage probability sampling design. Complex sampling was used for the data analysis. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 10.25% (95% CI: 8.98-11.69). All anthropometric measures, including height, weight, BMI, and waist circumference, were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). In terms of blood pressure, only systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significant (p < 0.05), and fasting glucose and triglyceride levels were risk factors for sarcopenia (p < 0.05). Tobacco use differed significantly between the two groups (p < 0.05). This study reported the specific prevalence of sarcopenia and identified its risk factors among men in early old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseok Hwang
- Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soonjee Park
- Department of Clothing and Fashion, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Republic of Korea
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13
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Li Y, Li L, Wu G, Xie G, Yi L, Zhu J, Liang S, Huang Y, Chen J, Ji S, Sun F, Liu R. The unique interplay of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and immunity and its potential implication for the sex- and age-related morbidity of severe COVID-19 patients. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e371. [PMID: 37750090 PMCID: PMC10518039 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aged male patients are more vulnerable to severe or critical symptoms of COVID-19, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed previously published scRNA-seq data from a large cohort of COVID-19 patients, castrated and regenerated mice, and bulk RNA-seq of a RNAi library of 400 genes, and revealed that both immunity and OXPHOS displayed cell-type-, sex-, and age-related variation in the severe or critical COVID-19 patients during disease progression, with a more prominent increase in immunity and decrease in OXPHOS in myeloid cells in the males relative to the females (60-69 years old). Male severe or critical patients above 70 years old were an exception in that the compromised negative correlation between OXPHOS and immunity in these patients was associated with its disordered transcriptional regulation. Finally, the expression levels of OXPHOS and androgens were revealed to be positively correlated, and the responses of macrophages to android fluctuation were more striking than other types of detected immune cells in the castrated mice model. Therefore, the interplay of OXPHOS and immunity displayed a cell-type-specific, age-related, and sex-biased pattern, and the underlying potential regulatory role of the hormonal milieu should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchuan Li
- Institute of Reproductive MedicineMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic DiseasesDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingP. R. China
| | - Guanghao Wu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
| | - Gangcai Xie
- Institute of Reproductive MedicineMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Lirong Yi
- Institute of Reproductive MedicineMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - ShiYu Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Ya‐ru Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic DiseasesDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingP. R. China
| | - Shaoyang Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive MedicineMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Rui‐tian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
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14
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Akkaliyev M, Aukenov N, Massabayeva M, Apsalikov B, Rakhyzhanova S, Kuderbaev M. Genetic regulation of testosterone level in overweight males from the Kazakh population and its association with hypogonadism. J Med Life 2023; 16:1343-1349. [PMID: 38107722 PMCID: PMC10719783 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Male hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction in different populations are associated with excess body weight. A key aspect in most studies is the metabolism of sexual hormones, primarily testosterone. At the same time, the binding protein sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) can play a large role, as it determines the ratio of total and bioavailable testosterone in blood, i.e. both the hormone content and level of its production. Recent research has identified common mutations that affect SHBG levels, such as the rs727428 polymorphic locus, which is associated with alterations in histone protein function, affecting the regulation of ribonucleic acid (RNA) protein SHBG synthesis. Similar relationships have been observed for prevalent mutations, including rs5934505 and rs10822184, in diverse populations. This study involved 300 individuals of Kazakh nationality from the Eastern Kazakhstan region, examining three polymorphic variants of the SHBG gene (rs727428, rs5934505, and rs10822184). The participants were categorized into three groups: individuals with hypogonadism and obesity (group 1, n=85), those with excess body weight but no hypogonadism (group 2, n=70), and individuals with neither excess body weight nor hypogonadism (group 3, n=145). The frequency of mutant gene alleles impacting GPS (SHBG) synthesis in the Kazakh population was notably high, comparable to European and South-East Asian populations. However, the association between excess body weight and these mutations exhibited varying patterns. Hypogonadism was linked to decreased GPS levels, strongly correlating with total testosterone but not bioavailable testosterone. The retention of sexual functions in overweight men was not always directly related to BMI levels and GPS concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merkhat Akkaliyev
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurlan Aukenov
- Department of Health and Human Resources, Ministry of Health, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Meruyert Massabayeva
- Center of Scientific Research Laboratory, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakytbek Apsalikov
- Department of Family Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Saule Rakhyzhanova
- Department of Normal Physiology, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Muratkhan Kuderbaev
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
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15
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Chu X, Javed A, Ashraf MF, Gao X, Jiang S. Primary culture and endocrine functional analysis of Leydig cells in ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1195618. [PMID: 37347106 PMCID: PMC10280297 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1195618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular Leydig cells (LCs) are the primary known source of testosterone, which is necessary for maintaining spermatogenesis and male fertility. However, the isolation, identification, and functional analysis of testosterone in duck LCs are still ambiguous. The aim of the present study was to establish a feasible method for isolating highly purified primary duck LCs. The highly purified primary duck LCs were isolated from the fresh testes of 2-month-old ducks via the digestion of collagenase IV and Percoll density gradient centrifugation; hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, ELISA, and radioimmunoassay were performed. Results revealed that the LCs were prominently noticeable in the testicular interstitium of 2-month-old ducks as compared to 6-month-old and 1-year-old ducks. Furthermore, IHC demonstrated that the cultured LCs occupied 90% area of the petri dish and highly expressed 3β-HSD 24 h after culture (hac) as compared to 48 and 72 hac. Additionally, ELISA and radioimmunoassay indicate that the testosterone level in cellular supernatant was highly expressed in 24 and 48 hac, whereas the testosterone level gradually decreased in 72 and 96 hac, indicating the primary duck LCs secrete testosterone at an early stage. Based on the above results, the present study has effectively developed a technique for isolating highly purified primary duck LCs and identified its biological function in synthesizing testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Chu
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiman Javed
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faizan Ashraf
- Department of Basic Sciences, Fatima Memorial Hospital (FMH) College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xiuge Gao
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanxiang Jiang
- Engineering Center of Innovative Veterinary Drugs, Center for Veterinary Drug Research and Evaluation, Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Zhao YC, Wang CC, Yang JY, Li XY, Yanagita T, Xue CH, Zhang TT, Wang YM. N-3 PUFA Deficiency from Early Life to Adulthood Exacerbated Susceptibility to Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Testicular Dysfunction in Adult Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6908-6919. [PMID: 37098125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Homeostasis of reactive oxygen species is required to maintain sperm maturation and capacitation. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is accumulated in testicles and spermatozoa and has the ability to manipulate the redox status. The effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) deficiency from early life to adulthood on the physiological and functional properties of males under the redox imbalance of testicular tissue deserve attention. The consecutive injection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) for 15 days to induce oxidative stress in testicular tissue was used to elucidate the consequences of testicular n-3 PUFA deficiency. The results indicated that reactive oxygen species treatment in adult male mice with DHA deficiency in the testis could reduce spermatogenesis and disrupt sex hormone production, as well as trigger testicular lipid peroxidation and tissue damage. N-3 PUFA deficiency from early life to adulthood resulted in higher susceptibility to testicular dysfunction in the germinal function of supplying germ cells and the endocrine role of secreting hormones through the mechanism of aggravating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and destruction of blood testicular barrier under oxidative stress, which might provide a basis for humans to reduce susceptibility to chronic disease and maintain reproductive health in adulthood through dietary interventions of n-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cai Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yue Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237 Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237 Shandong Province, P. R. China
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17
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Kronstein-Wiedemann R, Blecher S, Teichert M, Schmidt L, Thiel J, Müller MM, Lausen J, Schäfer R, Tonn T. Novel evidence that the ABO blood group shapes erythropoiesis and results in higher hematocrit for blood group B carriers. Leukemia 2023; 37:1126-1137. [PMID: 36854778 PMCID: PMC10169640 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The ABO blood group (BG) system is of great importance for blood transfusion and organ transplantation. Since the same transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) govern the expression of ABO BG antigens and regulate erythropoiesis, we hypothesized functional connections between both processes. We found significantly higher hemoglobin and hematocrit values in BG B blood donors compared to BG A. Furthermore, we observed that erythropoiesis in BG B hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) was accelerated compared to BG A HSPCs. Specifically, BG B HSPCs yielded more lineage-specific progenitors in a shorter time (B: 31.3 ± 2.2% vs. A: 22.5 ± 3.0%). Moreover, non-BG A individuals exhibited more terminally differentiated RBCs with higher enucleation rates containing more hemoglobin compared to BG A. Additionally, we detected increased levels of miRNA-215-5p and -182-5p and decreased expression of their target TFs RUNX1 and HES-1 mRNAs in erythroid BG B precursor cells compared to BG A. This highlights the important roles of these factors for the disappearance of differentiation-specific glycan antigens and the appearance of cancer-specific glycan antigens. Our work contributes to a deeper understanding of erythropoiesis gene regulatory networks and identifies its interference with BG-specific gene expression regulations particularly in diseases, where ABO BGs determine treatment susceptibility and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Kronstein-Wiedemann
- Laboratory for Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, Med. Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sarah Blecher
- Laboratory for Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, Med. Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Madeleine Teichert
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Laura Schmidt
- Laboratory for Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, Med. Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Thiel
- Laboratory for Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, Med. Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus M Müller
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg/Hessen, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Kassel, Germany
| | - Jörn Lausen
- Department of Genetics of Eukaryotes, Institute of Biomedical Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Richard Schäfer
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg/Hessen, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/M, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- Laboratory for Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, Med. Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Dresden, Germany
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18
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A review of testosterone supplementation and cardiovascular risk. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MEDECINE INTERNE 2023; 61:35-40. [PMID: 36476654 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2022-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone therapy is commonly utilized to treat hypogonadism. After diagnosis with morning serum testosterone level in patients with symptoms of hypogonadism, therapy has been shown to improve symptoms. Research focusing on cardiovascular risks associated with testosterone therapy has produced contradictory statements. We review trials that have investigated the impact of testosterone supplementation on heart failure, coronary artery disease, and myocardial ischemia.
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Chernova MO, Esaulenko DI, Rozhivanova ER, Rozhivanov RV, Mel’nichenko GA, Shestakova MV, Mokrysheva NG. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of male hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes in Russia: combined analysis of study data for the period 2005–2022. DIABETES MELLITUS 2023. [DOI: 10.14341/dm12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: Male hypogonadism is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), therefore, it is of interest to study its clinical and epidemiological characteristics. These data are published, but their fragmentation and small sample sizes are a problem. A summary assessment of the combined primary data of the conducted studies will provide sufficient representativeness and will allow to extrapolate the results to the general Russian population with T2DM.Aim: Assessment of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and aggravating factors of male hypogonadism in T2DM in Russia.Materials and methods: A Combining primary data (anamnesis, anthropometric indicators, laboratory tests) of full-design, cross-sectional, screening studies of hypogonadism in men with T2DM conducted on the territory of the Russian Federation in the period from 2005 to 2022. The groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test for quantitative indicators and χ² with Yates’ correction for qualitative ones. Differences were considered statistically significant with p <0,05. The groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test and χ² with Yates correction. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.Results: Hypogonadism was detected in 893 of 1576 men (56,7%) with T2DM. Patients with hypogonadism were statistically significantly older, had higher body mass index (BMI), worse glycemic control than eugonadal men. There was statistically significantly higher prevalence of macroangiopathies and polyneuropathy in hypogonadal patients.Conclusion: The prevalence of male hypogonadism in T2DM 56,7%. Its development is due to age, obesity, worse glycemic control. Hypogonadism syndrome is associated with the development of diabetic macroangiopathy and polyneuropathy. Severe violation of glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 10% or more) significantly reduces testosterone production and increases the prevalence of hypogonadism.
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Whittaker J. Dietary trends and the decline in male reproductive health. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:165-197. [PMID: 36725796 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the twentieth century, male reproductive health has suffered a substantial decline, as evidenced by decreases in sperm counts and testosterone levels and increases in reproductive pathologies. At the same time, the prevalence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome has risen dramatically. Metabolic and reproductive health are highly interconnected, suggesting that their respective trends are intertwined and, given the timeframe of such trends, environmental and not genetic factors are most likely to be the primary causes. Industrialization, which began in Europe in the mid-eighteenth century, has resulted in profound changes to our diet, lifestyle, and environment, many of which are causal factors in the rise in chronic diseases. Industrialization results in a nutrition transition from an agricultural unprocessed to a modern processed diet, incorporating increases in sugar, vegetable oils, ultra-processed foods, linoleic acid, trans-fats, and total energy. This dietary shift has incurred numerous adverse effects on metabolic and reproductive health, characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Moreover, these effects appear to multiply across subsequent generations via epigenetic inheritance. Men's fertility is markedly affected by obesity and diabetes, with an increase in total energy via processed food intake arguably being the key factor driving the diabesity pandemic. In contrast, wholefoods rich in micronutrients and phytonutrients support male fertility and a healthy body weight. Therefore, men wanting to maximize their fertility should consider making positive dietary changes, such as replacing processed foods with unprocessed foods that support metabolic and reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Whittaker
- The School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK.
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Baumgartner C, Krššák M, Vila G, Krebs M, Wolf P. Ectopic lipid metabolism in anterior pituitary dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1075776. [PMID: 36860364 PMCID: PMC9968795 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1075776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, adapted lifestyle and dietary habits in industrialized countries have led to a progress of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Concomitant insulin resistance and derangements in lipid metabolism foster the deposition of excess lipids in organs and tissues with limited capacity of physiologic lipid storage. In organs pivotal for systemic metabolic homeostasis, this ectopic lipid content disturbs metabolic action, thereby promotes the progression of metabolic disease, and inherits a risk for cardiometabolic complications. Pituitary hormone syndromes are commonly associated with metabolic diseases. However, the impact on subcutaneous, visceral, and ectopic fat stores between disorders and their underlying hormonal axes is rather different, and the underlying pathophysiological pathways remain largely unknown. Pituitary disorders might influence ectopic lipid deposition indirectly by modulating lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, but also directly by organ specific hormonal effects on energy metabolism. In this review, we aim to I) provide information about the impact of pituitary disorders on ectopic fat stores, II) and to present up-to-date knowledge on potential pathophysiological mechanisms of hormone action in ectopic lipid metabolism.
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Dandona P, Dhindsa S, Ghanim H. Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in Diabesity: Pathogenic Factors and Therapeutic Implications. ANDROGENS: CLINICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPEUTICS 2022; 3:214-216. [PMID: 36643965 PMCID: PMC9814112 DOI: 10.1089/andro.2022.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Dandona
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Williamsville, New York, USA.,*Address correspondence to: Paresh Dandona, BSc, MBBS, MD, DPhil, FRCP, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1000 Youngs Road, Suite 105, Williamsville, NY 14221, USA.
| | - Sandeep Dhindsa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Williamsville, New York, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Husam Ghanim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Williamsville, New York, USA
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Cardiometabolic side effects of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2022; 16:216-222. [PMID: 36349380 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is widely employed for treatment of advanced prostate cancer and it is considered the frontline therapy. However, the numerous adverse reactions associated with this treatment option are concerning and its potential association with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) should not be overlooked. In this review, we examine the literature on the cardiovascular side effects of ADT and the physiologic mechanisms underpinning the association with CVD. We will also specifically discuss the different findings regarding the interesting potential disparity in major cardiovascular events among GnRH agonist-treated patients compared with patients undergoing GnRH antagonist treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Androgen-deprivation therapy increases the risk of developing CVD by altering the body composition, metabolism, vascular system, and cardiac physiology. GnRH agonists may pose a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity than GnRH antagonists; however, this link remains to be determined. Furthermore, screening for cardiovascular risk factors before and during ADT treatment is a crucial step in preventing major adverse cardiac events in prostate cancer patients. Notably, preexisting CVD and comorbidities have been identified as major key elements predicting cardiovascular events. Early implementation of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment strategies is strongly suggested, and regular follow-up visits should be scheduled to continuously assess patients' cardiovascular risk under ADT. SUMMARY ADT is a very powerful treatment option for advanced prostate cancer that improves survival outcomes but has the potential of considerably impacting patients' cardiovascular health. Medical optimization and close monitoring are crucial during treatment with ADT.
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Abstract
In the absence of obesity, adverse lifestyle behaviours, and use of medication such as opioids serum testosterone concentrations decrease by only a minimal amount at least until very advanced age in most men. Obesity is heterogeneous in its phenotype, and it is the accumulation of excess adipose tissue viscerally associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, inflammation, hypothalamic leptin resistance and gliosis that underpins the functional hypogonadism of obesity. Both central (hypothalamic) and peripheral mechanisms are involved resulting in a low serum total testosterone concentration, while LH and FSH are typically in the normal range. Peripherally a decrease in serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentration only partially explains the decrease in testosterone and there is increasing evidence for direct effects in the testis. Men with obesity associated functional hypogonadism and serum testosterone concentrations below 16 nmol/L are at increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D); high testosterone concentrations are protective. The magnitude of weight loss is linearly associated with an increase in serum testosterone concentration and with the likelihood of preventing T2D or reverting newly diagnosed disease; treatment with testosterone for 2 years increases the probability of a positive outcome from a lifestyle intervention alone by approximately 40%. Whether the additional favourable benefits of testosterone treatment on muscle mass and strength and bone density and quality in the long-term remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Wittert
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute North Terrace Adelaide, 5000, SA, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria4, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Germany
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Low Testosterone Level and Risk of Adverse Clinical Events among Male Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:3630429. [PMID: 36124237 PMCID: PMC9482512 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3630429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of low testosterone level is extremely common in male patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether the low circulating testosterone could independently predict adverse outcomes among male patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). The data till May 2022 were systematically searched from Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase from inception. Studies meeting the PICOS (population, intervention/exposure, control/comparison, outcomes, and study design) principles were included in this meta-analysis. Study-specific effect estimates were pooled using fixed-effects (I2 > 50%) or random-effects models (I2 < 50%). Ultimately, 9 cohort studies covering 5331 patients with CKDs were involved in this meta-analysis. The results suggested that per 1-standard deviation (SD) decrease in total testosterone independently increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 27% [hazard risk (HR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–1.38], cardiovascular mortality by 100% (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.39–2.86), cardiovascular events by 20% (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04–1.39), and infectious events by 41% (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08–1.84). Besides, with per 1-SD decrease in free testosterone, the risk of overall adverse events increased by 66% (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.34–2.05). Stratified analyses indicated that the negative relationship of the total testosterone with all-cause death risk was independent of factors involving age, race, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and sex hormone binding globulin. In conclusion, it was identified that low endogenous testosterone could serve as an independent predictor of adverse clinical events among male patients with CKDs.
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Rozhivanov RV, Chernova MO, Mel’nichenko GA, Shestakova MV, Mokrysheva NG. The incidence and aggravating factors of male hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes. DIABETES MELLITUS 2022. [DOI: 10.14341/dm12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Male hypogonadism is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), therefore, it is of interest to study its frequency. The clinical symptoms of hypogonadism are not specific, and laboratory diagnostics is the basis for its detection. The optimal method for this diagnostics is isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, which was used in our study. AIMS: Assessment of the incidence and aggravating factors of male hypogonadism in type 2 diabetesMATERIALS AND METHODS: A full-design, cross-sectional, screening, single-center, non-interventional study included men with T2DM, who were he was treated in Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow. The study was conducted from October 2021 to January 2022. Medical history assessment, physical examination with determination of body mass index (BMI), measurement estimation of total testosterone by isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profiles were performed. The groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test for quantitative indicators and χ² with Yates’ correction for qualitative ones. Differences were considered statistically significant with p0,05.RESULTS: Hypogonadism was detected in 355 (70.3%) men with T2DM. Patients with hypogonadism had statistically significantly higher BMI, worse glycemic control, lower HDL levels, and higher triglycerides than eugonadal men. An additional comparative analysis among non-obese individuals showed the presence of statistically significant differences in the level of HbA1c (higher in hypogonadal men) and HDL (lower in hypogonadal men). An analysis of hypogonadal patients depending on the presence of obesity showed statistically significant differences between groups in the level of total testosterone (lower in obese men) and triglycerides (higher in obese men).CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of male hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes was 70,3%. Its development was associated with obesity and poor glycemic control.
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Kumar S, Khatri M, Memon RA, Velastegui JL, Podaneva KZ, Gutierrez DB, Nadeem B, Anumolu AR, Azhar M, Zain A. Effects of testosterone therapy in adult males with hypogonadism and T2DM: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102588. [PMID: 35952509 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Testosterone supplementation therapy (TST) is a longstanding treatment for hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), even though the benefits of TST are variable among trials. This meta-analysis was done to determine the specific role of TST in hypogonadal men with T2DM. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were queried to discover eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. To quantify the specific effects of TST, we estimated pooled mean differences (MDs) and relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Our meta-analysis included 1596 hypogonadal T2DM subjects from 12 randomized controlled trials and one observational study. TST can significantly enhance glycemic control compared to placebo by decreasing homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (WMD = -1.55 [-2.65, -0.45]; p = 0.26; I2 = 20.2%), fasting glucose (WMD = -0.35 [-0.79, 0.10]; p = 0.07; I2 = 69.7%), fasting insulin (WMD = -2.88 [-6.12, 0.36]; p = In addition, TST can decrease cholesterol (WMD = -0.28 [-0.47, -0.09] p = 0.0008; I2 = 91%) and triglyceride (WMD = -0.23 [-0.43, -0.03] p = 0.03; I2 = 79.2%). Furthermore, Testosterone therapy is related to a significant rise in total testosterone levels (WMD = 5.08 [2.90, 7.26] p = 0.0002; I2 = 92.9%). Pooling of free testosterone levels indicated a larger increase in the patients who got TST than placebo (WMD = 81.21 [23.87, 138.54] p = 0.07; I2 = 70%). CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that TST can enhance glycemic control and hormone levels and reduce total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol whereas increase HDL cholesterol in hypogonadal T2DM patients. Therefore, in these patients, we propose TST alongside anti-diabetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satesh Kumar
- Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College, Lyari, Parsa Citi Block E Flat 501 Near Police Headquarter, Garden East, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Mahima Khatri
- Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Rahat Ahmed Memon
- Cardiology, Abington Jefferson Hospital, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States.
| | | | | | | | - Bilawal Nadeem
- Medicine, Kind Edward Medical University, Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Akhil Raj Anumolu
- Medicine, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Masood Azhar
- Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmad Zain
- Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related fibrosis and sarcopenia: An altered liver-muscle crosstalk leading to increased mortality risk. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101696. [PMID: 35843589 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, known as sarcopenia, has significantly increased in prevalence, becoming a major global public health concern. On the other hand, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has also reached pandemic proportions, constituting the leading cause of hepatic fibrosis worldwide. Remarkably, while sarcopenia and NAFLD-related fibrosis are independently associated with all-cause mortality, the combination of both conditions entails a greater risk for all-cause and cardiac-specific mortality. Interestingly, both sarcopenia and NAFLD-related fibrosis share common pathophysiological pathways, including insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, hyperammonemia, alterations in the regulation of myokines, sex hormones and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling, which may explain reciprocal connections between these two disorders. Additional contributing factors, such as the gut microbiome, may also play a role in this relationship. In skeletal muscle, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and myostatin signaling are the central anabolic and catabolic pathways, respectively, and the imbalance between them can lead to muscle wasting in patients with NAFLD-related fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the bidirectional influence between NAFLD-related fibrosis and sarcopenia, highlighting the main potential mechanisms involved in this complex crosstalk, and we discuss the synergistic effects of both conditions in overall and cardiovascular mortality.
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Chang GQ, Yasmin N, Collier AD, Karatayev O, Khalizova N, Onoichenco A, Fam M, Albeg AS, Campbell S, Leibowitz SF. Fibroblast growth factor 2: Role in prenatal alcohol-induced stimulation of hypothalamic peptide neurons. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 116:110536. [PMID: 35176416 PMCID: PMC8920779 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) increases alcohol consumption and risk for alcohol use disorder. This phenomenon in rodents is suggested to involve a stimulatory effect of PAE, in female more than male offspring, on neurogenesis and density of neurons expressing neuropeptides in lateral hypothalamus (LH), including melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), known to promote alcohol intake. With evidence suggesting a role for fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and its receptor FGFR1 in stimulating neurogenesis and alcohol drinking, we investigated here whether the FGF2-FGFR1 system is involved in the PAE-induced increase in MCH neurons, in postnatal offspring of pregnant rats given ethanol orally (embryonic day 10-15) at a low-moderate (2 g/kg/day) or high (5 g/kg/day) dose. Our results demonstrate that PAE at the low-moderate but not high dose stimulates FGF2 and FGFR1 gene expression and increases the density of MCH neurons co-expressing FGF2, only in females, but FGFR1 in both sexes. PAE induces this effect in the dorsal but not ventral area of the LH. Further analysis of FGF2 and FGFR1 transcripts within individual MCH neurons reveals an intracellular, sex-dependent effect, with PAE increasing FGF2 transcripts positively related to FGFR1 in the nucleus as well as cytoplasm of females but transcripts only in the cytoplasm of males. Peripheral injection of FGF2 itself (80 μg/kg, s.c.) in pregnant rats mimics these effects of PAE. Together, these results support the involvement of the FGF2-FGFR1 system in mediating the PAE-induced, sex dependent increase in density of MCH neurons, possibly contributing to increased alcohol consumption in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Chang
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Nushrat Yasmin
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Adam D Collier
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Olga Karatayev
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Nailya Khalizova
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Amanda Onoichenco
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Milisia Fam
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Avi S Albeg
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Samantha Campbell
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Sarah F Leibowitz
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States of America.
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Xu Y, Cao W, Shen Y, Tang J, Wang Y, Ma X, Bao Y. The relationship between sex hormones and glycated hemoglobin in a non-diabetic middle-aged and elderly population. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:91. [PMID: 35382807 PMCID: PMC8985254 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex hormones are strongly linked to the occurrence and development of diabetes, and influence glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in diabetic population; but, the relationship between sex hormones and HbA1c in non-diabetic population remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the extent of influence of sex hormones on HbA1c levels in non-diabetic population. METHODS A total of 1409 non-diabetic subjects, including 601 men and 808 postmenopausal women were recruited from Shanghai community. HbA1c was detected using high performance liquid chromatography, and hemoglobin level was determined by sodium lauryl sulfate colorimetry. Serum estradiol (E2), total testosterone (TT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays. RESULTS The level of HbA1c was 5.6 (5.4-5.9) % in all subjects, with 5.6 (5.4-5.8) % in men and 5.7 (5.5-5.9) % in postmenopausal women. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin, E2 was positively correlated with HbA1c in men (r = 0.122, P = .003), and SHBG was inversely correlated with HbA1c (r = - 0.125, P < .001) in women. Other hormones were not correlated with HbA1c (all P > .05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that, except for traditional factors, such as age, hemoglobin, and BMI, E2 was another determinant of HbA1c (standardized β = 0.137, P = .003) in men; besides, in women, SHBG was another determinant of HbA1c (standardized β = - 0.178, P < .001), except for age and systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION After controlling for confounding factors, two sex hormones, as E2 and SHBG could influence HbA1c levels in non-diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Junling Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Barone B, Napolitano L, Abate M, Cirillo L, Reccia P, Passaro F, Turco C, Morra S, Mastrangelo F, Scarpato A, Amicuzi U, Morgera V, Romano L, Calace FP, Pandolfo SD, De Luca L, Aveta A, Sicignano E, Trivellato M, Spena G, D’Alterio C, Fusco GM, Vitale R, Arcaniolo D, Crocetto F. The Role of Testosterone in the Elderly: What Do We Know? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3535. [DOI: doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Testosterone is the most important hormone in male health. Aging is characterized by testosterone deficiency due to decreasing testosterone levels associated with low testicular production, genetic factors, adiposity, and illness. Low testosterone levels in men are associated with sexual dysfunction (low sexual desire, erectile dysfunction), reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, decreased bone mineral density, increased cardiovascular risk and alterations of the glycometabolic profile. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) shows several therapeutic effects while maintaining a good safety profile in hypogonadal men. TRT restores normal levels of serum testosterone in men, increasing libido and energy level and producing beneficial effects on bone density, strength and muscle as well as yielding cardioprotective effects. Nevertheless, TRT could be contraindicated in men with untreated prostate cancer, although poor findings are reported in the literature. In addition, different potential side effects, such as polycythemia, cardiac events and obstructive sleep apnea, should be monitored. The aim of our review is to provide an updated background regarding the pros and cons of TRT, evaluating its role and its clinical applicability in different domains.
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The Role of Testosterone in the Elderly: What Do We Know? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073535. [PMID: PMID: 35408895 PMCID: PMC8998588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Testosterone is the most important hormone in male health. Aging is characterized by testosterone deficiency due to decreasing testosterone levels associated with low testicular production, genetic factors, adiposity, and illness. Low testosterone levels in men are associated with sexual dysfunction (low sexual desire, erectile dysfunction), reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, decreased bone mineral density, increased cardiovascular risk and alterations of the glycometabolic profile. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) shows several therapeutic effects while maintaining a good safety profile in hypogonadal men. TRT restores normal levels of serum testosterone in men, increasing libido and energy level and producing beneficial effects on bone density, strength and muscle as well as yielding cardioprotective effects. Nevertheless, TRT could be contraindicated in men with untreated prostate cancer, although poor findings are reported in the literature. In addition, different potential side effects, such as polycythemia, cardiac events and obstructive sleep apnea, should be monitored. The aim of our review is to provide an updated background regarding the pros and cons of TRT, evaluating its role and its clinical applicability in different domains.
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Rodgers BD, Ward CW. Myostatin/Activin Receptor Ligands in Muscle and the Development Status of Attenuating Drugs. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:329-365. [PMID: 34520530 PMCID: PMC8905337 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle wasting disease indications are among the most debilitating and often deadly noncommunicable disease states. As a comorbidity, muscle wasting is associated with different neuromuscular diseases and myopathies, cancer, heart failure, chronic pulmonary and renal diseases, peripheral neuropathies, inflammatory disorders, and, of course, musculoskeletal injuries. Current treatment strategies are relatively ineffective and can at best only limit the rate of muscle degeneration. This includes nutritional supplementation and appetite stimulants as well as immunosuppressants capable of exacerbating muscle loss. Arguably, the most promising treatments in development attempt to disrupt myostatin and activin receptor signaling because these circulating factors are potent inhibitors of muscle growth and regulators of muscle progenitor cell differentiation. Indeed, several studies demonstrated the clinical potential of "inhibiting the inhibitors," increasing muscle cell protein synthesis, decreasing degradation, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, and preserving muscle function. Such changes can prevent muscle wasting in various disease animal models yet many drugs targeting this pathway failed during clinical trials, some from serious treatment-related adverse events and off-target interactions. More often, however, failures resulted from the inability to improve muscle function despite preserving muscle mass. Drugs still in development include antibodies and gene therapeutics, all with different targets and thus, safety, efficacy, and proposed use profiles. Each is unique in design and, if successful, could revolutionize the treatment of both acute and chronic muscle wasting. They could also be used in combination with other developing therapeutics for related muscle pathologies or even metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher W Ward
- Department of Orthopedics and Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology (BioMET), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Overview of the development of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) as pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis (1998–2021). Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Mo MQ, Huang ZC, Yang ZH, Liao YH, Xia N, Pan L. Relationship between total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin levels and the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in males: a meta-analysis. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2022; 13:20420188221106879. [PMID: 35785018 PMCID: PMC9240586 DOI: 10.1177/20420188221106879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, many studies have reported the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sex hormones, especially total testosterone (TT) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). However, the relationship between sex hormones and the severity of NAFLD is still unclear. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WanFang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP databases were searched for relevant studies from inception to 31 August 2021. Values of weighted mean differences (WMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined by Stata 12.0 software to evaluate the relationship between TT, SHBG and the severity of NAFLD in males. RESULTS A total of 2995 patients with NAFLD from 10 published cross-sectional studies were included for further analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that the moderate-severe group had a lower TT than the mild group in males with NAFLD (WMD: -0.35 ng/ml, 95% CI = -0.50 to -0.20). TT and SHBG were important risk factors of moderate-severe NAFLD in males (ORTT = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.86; ORSHBG = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.39; p < 0.001). Moreover, when the analysis was limited to men older than age 50, SHBG levels were lower in those with moderate-severe disease (WMD: -11.32 nmol/l, 95% CI = -14.23 to -8.40); while for men with body mass index (BMI) >27 kg/m2, moderate-severe NAFLD had higher SHBG levels than those with mild disease (WMD: 1.20 nmol/l, 95% CI = -2.01 to 4.42). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis shows that lower TT is associated with the severity of NAFLD in males, while the relationship between SHBG and severity of NAFLD is still to be further verified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhen-Hua Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yun-Hua Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Patient characteristics associated with improvement in glycemic control following addition of an oral antidiabetic drug to DPP-4 inhibitor monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (JDDM 60). Diabetol Int 2021; 13:132-141. [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-021-00514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Caliber M, Saad F. Testosterone therapy for prevention and reversal of type 2 diabetes in men with low testosterone. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 58:83-89. [PMID: 33993064 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Men with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a high prevalence of testosterone deficiency (TD). Similarly, men with TD have an increased risk of developing obesity and/or T2D, and further body fat accumulation and deterioration of glycemic control create a vicious cycle. The landmark testosterone for diabetes mellitus trial, the largest randomized controlled trial of testosterone therapy (TTh) to date, confirms the beneficial effects of TTh on fat loss and gain in muscle mass, and that TTh for 2 years significantly reduces the risk of incident T2D, and may also reverse T2D. The testosterone for diabetes mellitus trial suggests that TTh reduces the risk of T2D and results in greater improvement in sexual function and wellbeing, beyond lifestyle intervention alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Caliber
- American Medical Writers Association (AMWA), Rockville, MD, USA; International Society for Medical Publication Professionals (ISMPP), Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Farid Saad
- Consultant Medical Affairs, Bayer AG, Hamburg, Germany.
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Ye J, Zhai X, Yang J, Zhu Z. Association between Serum Testosterone Levels and Body Composition among Men 20-59 Years of Age. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:7523996. [PMID: 34589126 PMCID: PMC8476276 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7523996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sex hormones play an important role in the development and maintenance of bone and muscle mass. However, studies regarding serum testosterone levels, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia in men are relatively sparse and have led to contradictory conclusions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between serum testosterone levels and body composition, including bone mineral density (BMD), appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and appendicular fat mass index (AFMI), among men 20-59 years of age through a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our analysis was based on the data for 3,875 men, 20-59 years of age. Weighted multiple regression analyses were used to estimate the independent association between serum testosterone levels and body composition. Weighted generalized additive models and smooth curve fittings were used to characterize the nonlinear associations between them. RESULTS The association between the serum testosterone level and lumbar BMD was positive in each multivariable linear regression model. In the model adjusted for age and race, the serum testosterone level was negatively associated with ALMI. However, in the models adjusted for body mass index, this association became positive. In addition, the association between the serum testosterone level and AFMI was negative in each multivariable linear regression model. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated a positive association of serum testosterone level with lumbar BMD and ALMI, and a negative association with AFMI, among men 20-59 years of age, suggesting that increasing testosterone levels may be beneficial to skeletal health in young and middle-aged men with low testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Ye
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
| | - Jinxiao Yang
- Department of Urology, The Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhu
- Department of Osteoporosis Care and Control, The Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
- Clinical Research Center, The Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
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