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Van Hook MJ, McCool S. Enhanced Synaptic Inhibition in the Dorsolateral Geniculate Nucleus in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0263-24.2024. [PMID: 38937109 PMCID: PMC11242868 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0263-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) triggers glaucoma by damaging the output neurons of the retina called retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). This leads to the loss of RGC signaling to visual centers of the brain such as the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), which is critical for processing and relaying information to the cortex for conscious vision. In response to altered levels of activity or synaptic input, neurons can homeostatically modulate postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor numbers, allowing them to scale their synaptic responses to stabilize spike output. While prior work has indicated unaltered glutamate receptor properties in the glaucomatous dLGN, it is unknown whether glaucoma impacts dLGN inhibition. Here, using DBA/2J mice, which develop elevated IOP beginning at 6-7 months of age, we tested whether the strength of inhibitory synapses on dLGN thalamocortical relay neurons is altered in response to the disease state. We found an enhancement of feedforward disynaptic inhibition arising from local interneurons along with increased amplitude of quantal inhibitory synaptic currents. A combination of immunofluorescence staining for the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A-α1 receptor subunit, peak-scaled nonstationary fluctuation analysis, and measures of homeostatic synaptic scaling pointed to an ∼1.4-fold increase in GABA receptors at postsynaptic inhibitory synapses, although several pieces of evidence indicate a nonuniform scaling across inhibitory synapses within individual relay neurons. Together, these results indicate an increase in inhibitory synaptic strength in the glaucomatous dLGN, potentially pointing toward homeostatic compensation for disruptions in network and neuronal function triggered by increased IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Van Hook
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
- Departments of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Shaylah McCool
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Truhlsen Eye Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
- Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
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Griffith EY, ElSayed M, Dura-Bernal S, Neymotin SA, Uhlrich DJ, Lytton WW, Zhu JJ. Mechanism of an Intrinsic Oscillation in Rat Geniculate Interneurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597830. [PMID: 38895250 PMCID: PMC11185623 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Depolarizing current injections produced a rhythmic bursting of action potentials - a bursting oscillation - in a set of local interneurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of rats. The current dynamics underlying this firing pattern have not been determined, though this cell type constitutes an important cellular component of thalamocortical circuitry, and contributes to both pathologic and non-pathologic brain states. We thus investigated the source of the bursting oscillation using pharmacological manipulations in LGN slices in vitro and in silico. 1. Selective blockade of calcium channel subtypes revealed that high-threshold calcium currentsI L andI P contributed strongly to the oscillation. 2. Increased extracellular K+ concentration (decreased K+currents) eliminated the oscillation. 3. Selective blockade of K+ channel subtypes demonstrated that the calcium-sensitive potassium current (I A H P ) was of primary importance. A morphologically simplified, multicompartment model of the thalamic interneuron characterized the oscillation as follows: 1. The low-threshold calcium currentI T provided the strong initial burst characteristic of the oscillation. 2. Alternating fluxes through high-threshold calcium channels andI A H P then provided the continuing oscillation's burst and interburst periods respectively. This interplay betweenI L andI A H P contrasts with the current dynamics underlying oscillations in thalamocortical and reticularis neurons, which primarily involveI T andI H , orI T andI A H P respectively. These findings thus point to a novel electrophysiological mechanism for generating intrinsic oscillations in a major thalamic cell type. Because local interneurons can sculpt the behavior of thalamocortical circuits, these results suggest new targets for the manipulation of ascending thalamocortical network activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Y Griffith
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY
| | - Mohamed ElSayed
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Downstate School of Graduate Studies, Brooklyn, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, New Hampshire Hospital, Concord, NH
| | - Salvador Dura-Bernal
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Samuel A Neymotin
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Daniel J Uhlrich
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William W Lytton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- Department of Neurology, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - J Julius Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
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Van Hook MJ, McCool S. Nonuniform scaling of synaptic inhibition in the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus in a mouse model of glaucoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.587036. [PMID: 38586044 PMCID: PMC10996666 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) triggers glaucoma by damaging the output neurons of the retina called retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). This leads to the loss of RGC signaling to visual centers of the brain such as the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), which is critical for processing and relaying information to the cortex for conscious vision. In response to altered levels of activity or synaptic input, neurons can homeostatically modulate postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor numbers, allowing them to scale their synaptic responses to stabilize spike output. While prior work has indicated unaltered glutamate receptor properties in the glaucomatous dLGN, it is unknown whether glaucoma impacts dLGN inhibition. Here, using DBA/2J mice, which develop elevated IOP beginning at 6-7 months of age, we tested whether the strength of inhibitory synapses on dLGN thalamocortical relay neurons is altered in response to the disease state. We found an enhancement of feed-forward disynaptic inhibition arising from local interneurons along with increased amplitude of quantal inhibitory synaptic currents. A combination of immunofluorescence staining for the GABA A -α1 receptor subunit, peak-scaled nonstationary fluctuation analysis, and measures of homeostatic synaptic scaling indicated this was the result of an approximately 1.4-fold increase in GABA receptor number at post-synaptic inhibitory synapses, although several pieces of evidence strongly indicate a non-uniform scaling across inhibitory synapses within individual relay neurons. Together, these results indicate an increase in inhibitory synaptic strength in the glaucomatous dLGN, potentially pointing toward homeostatic compensation for disruptions in network and neuronal function triggered by increased IOP. Significance Statement Elevated eye pressure in glaucoma leads to loss of retinal outputs to the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), which is critical for relaying information to the cortex for conscious vision. Alterations in neuronal activity, as could arise from excitatory synapse loss, can trigger homeostatic adaptations to synaptic function that attempt to maintain activity within a meaningful dynamic range, although whether this occurs uniformly at all synapses within a given neuron or is a non-uniform process is debated. Here, using a mouse model of glaucoma, we show that dLGN inhibitory synapses undergo non-uniform upregulation due to addition of post-synaptic GABA receptors. This is likely to be a neuronal adaptation to glaucomatous pathology in an important sub-cortical visual center.
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Maher EE, Briegel AC, Imtiaz S, Fox MA, Golino H, Erisir A. 3D electron microscopy and volume-based bouton sorting reveal the selectivity of inputs onto geniculate relay cell and interneuron dendrite segments. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1150747. [PMID: 37007643 PMCID: PMC10064015 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1150747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The visual signals evoked at the retinal ganglion cells are modified and modulated by various synaptic inputs that impinge on lateral geniculate nucleus cells before they are sent to the cortex. The selectivity of geniculate inputs for clustering or forming microcircuits on discrete dendritic segments of geniculate cell types may provide the structural basis for network properties of the geniculate circuitry and differential signal processing through the parallel pathways of vision. In our study, we aimed to reveal the patterns of input selectivity on morphologically discernable relay cell types and interneurons in the mouse lateral geniculate nucleus. Methods We used two sets of Scanning Blockface Electron Microscopy (SBEM) image stacks and Reconstruct software to manually reconstruct of terminal boutons and dendrite segments. First, using an unbiased terminal sampling (UTS) approach and statistical modeling, we identified the criteria for volume-based sorting of geniculate boutons into their putative origins. Geniculate terminal boutons that were sorted in retinal and non-retinal categories based on previously described mitochondrial morphology, could further be sorted into multiple subpopulations based on their bouton volume distributions. Terminals deemed non-retinal based on the morphological criteria consisted of five distinct subpopulations, including small-sized putative corticothalamic and cholinergic boutons, two medium-sized putative GABAergic inputs, and a large-sized bouton type that contains dark mitochondria. Retinal terminals also consisted of four distinct subpopulations. The cutoff criteria for these subpopulations were then applied to datasets of terminals that synapse on reconstructed dendrite segments of relay cells or interneurons. Results Using a network analysis approach, we found an almost complete segregation of retinal and cortical terminals on putative X-type cell dendrite segments characterized by grape-like appendages and triads. On these cells, interneuron appendages intermingle with retinal and other medium size terminals to form triads within glomeruli. In contrast, a second, presumed Y-type cell displayed dendrodendritic puncta adherentia and received all terminal types without a selectivity for synapse location; these were not engaged in triads. Furthermore, the contribution of retinal and cortical synapses received by X-, Y- and interneuron dendrites differed such that over 60% of inputs to interneuron dendrites were from the retina, as opposed to 20% and 7% to X- and Y-type cells, respectively. Conclusion The results underlie differences in network properties of synaptic inputs from distinct origins on geniculate cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Maher
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alex C Briegel
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shahrozia Imtiaz
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Michael A Fox
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Hudson Golino
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alev Erisir
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Can GABAkines Quiet the Noise? The GABAA Receptor Neurobiology and Pharmacology of Tinnitus. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cao AS, Van Hooser SD. Paired Feed-Forward Excitation With Delayed Inhibition Allows High Frequency Computations Across Brain Regions. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:803065. [PMID: 35210993 PMCID: PMC8862685 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.803065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of high frequency temporal information across brain regions is critical to perception, but the mechanisms underlying such transmission remain unclear. Long-range projection patterns across brain areas are often comprised of paired feed-forward excitation followed closely by delayed inhibition, including the thalamic triad synapse, thalamic projections to cortex, and projections within the hippocampus. Previous studies have shown that these joint projections produce a shortened period of depolarization, sharpening the timing window over which the postsynaptic neuron can fire. Here we show that these projections can facilitate the transmission of high frequency computations even at frequencies that are highly filtered by neuronal membranes. This temporal facilitation occurred over a range of synaptic parameter values, including variations in synaptic strength, synaptic time constants, short-term synaptic depression, and the delay between excitation and inhibition. Further, these projections can coordinate computations across multiple network levels, even amid ongoing local activity. We suggest that paired feed-forward excitation and inhibition provide a hybrid signal-carrying both a value and a clock-like trigger-to allow circuits to be responsive to input whenever it arrives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S. Cao
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
- Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Stephen D. Van Hooser
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
- Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
- Sloan-Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
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von Engelhardt J. Role of AMPA receptor desensitization in short term depression - lessons from retinogeniculate synapses. J Physiol 2021; 600:201-215. [PMID: 34197645 DOI: 10.1113/jp280878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive synapse activity induces various forms of short-term plasticity. The role of presynaptic mechanisms such as residual Ca2+ and vesicle depletion in short-term facilitation and short-term depression is well established. On the other hand, the contribution of postsynaptic mechanisms such as receptor desensitization and saturation to short-term plasticity is less well known and often ignored. In this review, I will describe short-term plasticity in retinogeniculate synapses of relay neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) to exemplify the synaptic properties that facilitate the contribution of AMPA receptor desensitization to short-term plasticity. These include high vesicle release probability, glutamate spillover and, importantly, slow recovery from desensitization of AMPA receptors. The latter is strongly regulated by the interaction of AMPA receptors with auxiliary proteins such as CKAMP44. Finally, I discuss the relevance of short-term plasticity in retinogeniculate synapses for the processing of visual information by LGN relay neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob von Engelhardt
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Rockland KS. A Closer Look at Corticothalamic "Loops". Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:632668. [PMID: 33603649 PMCID: PMC7884447 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.632668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen S Rockland
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Maher EE, Prillaman ME, Keskinoz EN, Petry HM, Erisir A. Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural organization of the taste thalamus of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri). J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:2558-2575. [PMID: 33458823 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ventroposterior medialis parvocellularis (VPMP) nucleus of the primate thalamus receives direct input from the nucleus of the solitary tract, whereas the homologous thalamic structure in the rodent does not. To reveal whether the synaptic circuitries in these nuclei lend evidence for conservation of design principles in the taste thalamus across species or across sensory thalamus in general, we characterized the ultrastructural and molecular properties of the VPMP in a close relative of primates, the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri), and compared these to known properties of the taste thalamus in rodent, and the visual thalamus in mammals. Electron microscopy analysis to categorize the synaptic inputs in the VPMP revealed that the largest-size terminals contained many vesicles and formed large synaptic zones with thick postsynaptic density on multiple, medium-caliber dendrite segments. Some formed triads within glomerular arrangements. Smaller-sized terminals contained dark mitochondria; most formed a single asymmetric or symmetric synapse on small-diameter dendrites. Immuno-EM experiments revealed that the large-size terminals contained VGLUT2, whereas the small-size terminal populations contained VGLUT1 or ChAT. These findings provide evidence that the morphological and molecular characteristics of synaptic circuitry in the tree shrew VPMP are similar to that in nonchemical sensory thalamic nuclei. Furthermore, the results indicate that all primary sensory nuclei of the thalamus in higher mammals share a structural template for processing thalamocortical sensory information. In contrast, substantial morphological and molecular differences in rodent versus tree shrew taste nuclei suggest a fundamental divergence in cellular processing mechanisms of taste input in these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Maher
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - McKenzie E Prillaman
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Elif N Keskinoz
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Heywood M Petry
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alev Erisir
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Liang L, Chen C. Organization, Function, and Development of the Mouse Retinogeniculate Synapse. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2020; 6:261-285. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-121219-081753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Visual information is encoded in distinct retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types in the eye tuned to specific features of the visual space. These streams of information project to the visual thalamus, the first station of the image-forming pathway. In the mouse, this connection between RGCs and thalamocortical neurons, the retinogeniculate synapse, has become a powerful experimental model for understanding how circuits in the thalamus are constructed to process these incoming lines of information. Using modern molecular and genetic tools, recent studies have suggested a more complex circuit organization than was previously understood. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structural and functional organization of the retinogeniculate synapse in the mouse. We discuss a framework by which a seemingly complex circuit can effectively integrate and parse information to downstream stations of the visual pathway. Finally, we review how activity and visual experience can sculpt this exquisite connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liang
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Chinfei Chen
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Mason CA, Sherman SM. Editorial: Introduction to the special issue in honor of Ray Guillery. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 49:884-887. [PMID: 30968456 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Mason
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, and Ophthalmology, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Murray Sherman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Visual Information Processing in the Ventral Division of the Mouse Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus. J Neurosci 2020; 40:5019-5032. [PMID: 32350041 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2602-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (LGN) is associated with form vision, that is not its sole role. Only the dorsal portion of LGN (dLGN) projects to V1. The ventral division (vLGN) connects subcortically, sending inhibitory projections to sensorimotor structures, including the superior colliculus (SC) and regions associated with certain behavioral states, such as fear (Monavarfeshani et al., 2017; Salay et al., 2018). We combined computational, physiological, and anatomical approaches to explore visual processing in vLGN of mice of both sexes, making comparisons to dLGN and SC for perspective. Compatible with past, qualitative descriptions, the receptive fields we quantified in vLGN were larger than those in dLGN, and most cells preferred bright versus dark stimuli (Harrington, 1997). Dendritic arbors spanned the length and/or width of vLGN and were often asymmetric, positioned to collect input from large but discrete territories. By contrast, arbors in dLGN are compact (Krahe et al., 2011). Consistent with spatially coarse receptive fields in vLGN, visually evoked changes in spike timing were less precise than for dLGN and SC. Notably, however, the membrane currents and spikes of some cells in vLGN displayed gamma oscillations whose phase and strength varied with stimulus pattern, as for SC (Stitt et al., 2013). Thus, vLGN can engage its targets using oscillation-based and conventional rate codes. Finally, dark shadows activate SC and drive escape responses, whereas vLGN prefers bright stimuli. Thus, one function of long-range inhibitory projections from vLGN might be to enable movement by releasing motor targets, such as SC, from suppression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Only the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) connects to cortex to serve form vision; the ventral division (vLGN) projects subcortically to sensorimotor nuclei, including the superior colliculus (SC), via long-range inhibitory connections. Here, we asked how vLGN processes visual information, making comparisons with dLGN and SC for perspective. Cells in vLGN versus dLGN had wider dendritic arbors, larger receptive fields, and fired with lower temporal precision, consistent with a modulatory role. Like SC, but not dLGN, visual stimuli entrained oscillations in vLGN, perhaps reflecting shared strategies for visuomotor processing. Finally, most neurons in vLGN preferred bright shapes, whereas dark stimuli activate SC and drive escape behaviors, suggesting that vLGN enables rapid movement by releasing target motor structures from inhibition.
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Albaugh DL, Huang C, Ye S, Paré J, Smith Y. Glutamatergic inputs to GABAergic interneurons in the motor thalamus of control and parkinsonian monkeys. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2049-2060. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Albaugh
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disorders Yerkes National Primate Research Center Emory University Atlanta GA USA
- Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease ResearchEmory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Christina Huang
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disorders Yerkes National Primate Research Center Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Sherry Ye
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disorders Yerkes National Primate Research Center Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Jean‐François Paré
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disorders Yerkes National Primate Research Center Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disorders Yerkes National Primate Research Center Emory University Atlanta GA USA
- Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease ResearchEmory University Atlanta GA USA
- Department of Neurology School of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA USA
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Mason C, Guillery R. Conversations with Ray Guillery on albinism: linking Siamese cat visual pathway connectivity to mouse retinal development. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 49:913-927. [PMID: 30801828 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In albinism of all species, perturbed melanin biosynthesis in the eye leads to foveal hypoplasia, retinal ganglion cell misrouting, and, consequently, altered binocular vision. Here, written before he died, Ray Guillery chronicles his discovery of the aberrant circuitry from eye to brain in the Siamese cat. Ray's characterization of visual pathway anomalies in this temperature sensitive mutation of tyrosinase and thus melanin synthesis in domestic cats opened the exploration of albinism and simultaneously, a genetic approach to the organization of neural circuitry. I follow this account with a remembrance of Ray's influence on my work. Beginning with my postdoc research with Ray on the cat visual pathway, through my own work on the mechanisms of retinal axon guidance in the developing mouse, Ray and I had a continuous and rich dialogue about the albino visual pathway. I will present the questions Ray posed and clues we have to date on the still-elusive link between eye pigment and the proper balance of ipsilateral and contralateral retinal ganglion cell projections to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Mason
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, and Ophthalmology, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, 3227 Broadway, Room L3-043, Quad 3C, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Ray Guillery
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, and Ophthalmology, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, 3227 Broadway, Room L3-043, Quad 3C, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Guido W. Development, form, and function of the mouse visual thalamus. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:211-225. [PMID: 29641300 PMCID: PMC6093956 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00651.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the thalamus is the exclusive relay of retinal information en route to the visual cortex. Although much of our understanding about dLGN comes from studies done in higher mammals, such as the cat and primate, the mouse as a model organism has moved to the forefront as a tractable experimental platform to examine cell type-specific relations. This review highlights our current knowledge about the development, structure, and function of the mouse dLGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Guido
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville, Kentucky
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