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Aggarwal A, Luo J, Chung H, Contreras D, Kelz MB, Proekt A. Neural assemblies coordinated by cortical waves are associated with waking and hallucinatory brain states. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114017. [PMID: 38578827 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between sensory stimuli and perceptions is brain-state dependent: in wakefulness, suprathreshold stimuli evoke perceptions; under anesthesia, perceptions are abolished; and during dreaming and in dissociated states, percepts are internally generated. Here, we exploit this state dependence to identify brain activity associated with internally generated or stimulus-evoked perceptions. In awake mice, visual stimuli phase reset spontaneous cortical waves to elicit 3-6 Hz feedback traveling waves. These stimulus-evoked waves traverse the cortex and entrain visual and parietal neurons. Under anesthesia as well as during ketamine-induced dissociation, visual stimuli do not disrupt spontaneous waves. Uniquely, in the dissociated state, spontaneous waves traverse the cortex caudally and entrain visual and parietal neurons, akin to stimulus-evoked waves in wakefulness. Thus, coordinated neuronal assemblies orchestrated by traveling cortical waves emerge in states in which perception can manifest. The awake state is privileged in that this coordination is reliably elicited by external visual stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeti Aggarwal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Luo
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Helen Chung
- The College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diego Contreras
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA; Mahoney Institute for Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Max B Kelz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Mahoney Institute for Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for the Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance (NEURRAL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex Proekt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Mahoney Institute for Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for the Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance (NEURRAL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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2
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Weiler S, Rahmati V, Isstas M, Wutke J, Stark AW, Franke C, Graf J, Geis C, Witte OW, Hübener M, Bolz J, Margrie TW, Holthoff K, Teichert M. A primary sensory cortical interareal feedforward inhibitory circuit for tacto-visual integration. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3081. [PMID: 38594279 PMCID: PMC11003985 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Tactile sensation and vision are often both utilized for the exploration of objects that are within reach though it is not known whether or how these two distinct sensory systems combine such information. Here in mice, we used a combination of stereo photogrammetry for 3D reconstruction of the whisker array, brain-wide anatomical tracing and functional connectivity analysis to explore the possibility of tacto-visual convergence in sensory space and within the circuitry of the primary visual cortex (VISp). Strikingly, we find that stimulation of the contralateral whisker array suppresses visually evoked activity in a tacto-visual sub-region of VISp whose visual space representation closely overlaps with the whisker search space. This suppression is mediated by local fast-spiking interneurons that receive a direct cortico-cortical input predominantly from layer 6 neurons located in the posterior primary somatosensory barrel cortex (SSp-bfd). These data demonstrate functional convergence within and between two primary sensory cortical areas for multisensory object detection and recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Weiler
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neuronal Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, 25 Howland Street, London, W1T 4JG, UK
| | - Vahid Rahmati
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcel Isstas
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of General Zoology and Animal Physiology, Erbertstraße 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Johann Wutke
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Walter Stark
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Fröbelstieg 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Franke
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Fröbelstieg 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena Center for Soft Matter, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Graf
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Geis
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Mark Hübener
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bolz
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of General Zoology and Animal Physiology, Erbertstraße 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Troy W Margrie
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neuronal Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, 25 Howland Street, London, W1T 4JG, UK
| | - Knut Holthoff
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Manuel Teichert
- Jena University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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3
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Vafaii H, Mandino F, Desrosiers-Grégoire G, O'Connor D, Markicevic M, Shen X, Ge X, Herman P, Hyder F, Papademetris X, Chakravarty M, Crair MC, Constable RT, Lake EMR, Pessoa L. Multimodal measures of spontaneous brain activity reveal both common and divergent patterns of cortical functional organization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:229. [PMID: 38172111 PMCID: PMC10764905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-scale functional networks have been characterized in both rodent and human brains, typically by analyzing fMRI-BOLD signals. However, the relationship between fMRI-BOLD and underlying neural activity is complex and incompletely understood, which poses challenges to interpreting network organization obtained using this technique. Additionally, most work has assumed a disjoint functional network organization (i.e., brain regions belong to one and only one network). Here, we employ wide-field Ca2+ imaging simultaneously with fMRI-BOLD in mice expressing GCaMP6f in excitatory neurons. We determine cortical networks discovered by each modality using a mixed-membership algorithm to test the hypothesis that functional networks exhibit overlapping organization. We find that there is considerable network overlap (both modalities) in addition to disjoint organization. Our results show that multiple BOLD networks are detected via Ca2+ signals, and networks determined by low-frequency Ca2+ signals are only modestly more similar to BOLD networks. In addition, the principal gradient of functional connectivity is nearly identical for BOLD and Ca2+ signals. Despite similarities, important differences are also detected across modalities, such as in measures of functional connectivity strength and diversity. In conclusion, Ca2+ imaging uncovers overlapping functional cortical organization in the mouse that reflects several, but not all, properties observed with fMRI-BOLD signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Vafaii
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Francesca Mandino
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Gabriel Desrosiers-Grégoire
- Computional Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - David O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Marija Markicevic
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xilin Shen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xinxin Ge
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Peter Herman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xenophon Papademetris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Section of Biomedical Informatics & Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Mallar Chakravarty
- Computional Brain Anatomy Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Michael C Crair
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - R Todd Constable
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Evelyn M R Lake
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Luiz Pessoa
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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4
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Grimstvedt JS, Shelton AM, Hoerder‐Suabedissen A, Oliver DK, Berndtsson CH, Blankvoort S, Nair RR, Packer AM, Witter MP, Kentros CG. A multifaceted architectural framework of the mouse claustrum complex. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1772-1795. [PMID: 37782702 PMCID: PMC10953385 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Accurate anatomical characterizations are necessary to investigate neural circuitry on a fine scale, but for the rodent claustrum complex (CLCX), this has yet to be fully accomplished. The CLCX is generally considered to comprise two major subdivisions, the claustrum (CL) and the dorsal endopiriform nucleus (DEn), but regional boundaries to these areas are debated. To address this, we conducted a multifaceted analysis of fiber- and cytoarchitecture, genetic marker expression, and connectivity using mice of both sexes, to create a comprehensive guide for identifying and delineating borders to CLCX, including an online reference atlas. Our data indicated four distinct subregions within CLCX, subdividing both CL and DEn into two. Additionally, we conducted brain-wide tracing of inputs to CLCX using a transgenic mouse line. Immunohistochemical staining against myelin basic protein (MBP), parvalbumin (PV), and calbindin (CB) revealed intricate fiber-architectural patterns enabling precise delineations of CLCX and its subregions. Myelinated fibers were abundant dorsally in CL but absent ventrally, whereas PV expressing fibers occupied the entire CL. CB staining revealed a central gap within CL, also visible anterior to the striatum. The Nr2f2, Npsr1, and Cplx3 genes expressed specifically within different subregions of the CLCX, and Rprm helped delineate the CL-insular border. Furthermore, cells in CL projecting to the retrosplenial cortex were located within the myelin sparse area. By combining own experimental data with digitally available datasets of gene expression and input connectivity, we could demonstrate that the proposed delineation scheme allows anchoring of datasets from different origins to a common reference framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim S. Grimstvedt
- Kavli Institute for Systems NeuroscienceNTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Andrew M. Shelton
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - David K. Oliver
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Christin H. Berndtsson
- Kavli Institute for Systems NeuroscienceNTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Stefan Blankvoort
- Kavli Institute for Systems NeuroscienceNTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Rajeevkumar R. Nair
- Kavli Institute for Systems NeuroscienceNTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Adam M. Packer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Menno P. Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems NeuroscienceNTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Clifford G. Kentros
- Kavli Institute for Systems NeuroscienceNTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
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Licheri V, Jacquez BJ, Castillo VK, Sainz DB, Valenzuela CF, Brigman JL. Long-term effects of low prenatal alcohol exposure on GABAergic interneurons of the murine posterior parietal cortex. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:2248-2261. [PMID: 38151788 PMCID: PMC10760801 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are characterized by a wide range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral impairments that occur throughout the lifespan. Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can lead to adult impairments in cognitive control behaviors mediated by the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). The PPC plays a fundamental role in the performance of response tasks in both primates and rodents, specifically when choices between similar target and nontarget stimuli are required. Furthermore, the PPC is reciprocally connected with other cortical areas. Despite the extensive literature investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying PAE impairments in cognitive functions mediated by cortical areas, little is known regarding the long-term effects of PAE on PPC development and function. Here, we examined changes in the cellular organization of GABAergic interneurons and their function in PPC using behaviorally naïve control and PAE mice. METHODS We used a limited access model of PAE in which C57BL/6J females were exposed to a solution of 10% (w/v) ethanol and 0.066% (w/V) saccharin for 4 h/day throughout gestation. Using high-throughput fluorescent microscopy, we quantified the levels of GABAergic interneurons in the PPC of adult PAE and control offspring. In a separate cohort, we recorded spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) using whole-cell patch clamp recordings from PPC layer 5 pyramidal neurons. RESULTS PAE led to a significant overall reduction of parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons in PAE mice regardless of sex. Somatostatin- and calretinin-expressing GABAergic interneurons were not affected. Interestingly, PAE did not modulate sIPSC amplitude or frequency. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that impairments in cognitive control observed in FASD may be due to the significant reduction of parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons in the PPC. PAE animals may show compensatory changes in GABAergic function following developmental reduction of these interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Licheri
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM, USA
- New Mexico Alcohol Research Center, UNM Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque NM, USA
| | - Belkis J. Jacquez
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM, USA
| | - Victoria K. Castillo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM, USA
| | - Dylan B. Sainz
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM, USA
| | - C. Fernando Valenzuela
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM, USA
- New Mexico Alcohol Research Center, UNM Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque NM, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque NM, USA
- New Mexico Alcohol Research Center, UNM Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque NM, USA
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Marmor O, Pollak Y, Doron C, Helmchen F, Gilad A. History information emerges in the cortex during learning. eLife 2023; 12:e83702. [PMID: 37921842 PMCID: PMC10624423 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We learn from our experience but the underlying neuronal mechanisms incorporating past information to facilitate learning is relatively unknown. Specifically, which cortical areas encode history-related information and how is this information modulated across learning? To study the relationship between history and learning, we continuously imaged cortex-wide calcium dynamics as mice learn to use their whiskers to discriminate between two different textures. We mainly focused on comparing the same trial type with different trial history, that is, a different preceding trial. We found trial history information in barrel cortex (BC) during stimulus presentation. Importantly, trial history in BC emerged only as the mouse learned the task. Next, we also found learning-dependent trial history information in rostrolateral (RL) association cortex that emerges before stimulus presentation, preceding activity in BC. Trial history was also encoded in other cortical areas and was not related to differences in body movements. Interestingly, a binary classifier could discriminate trial history at the single trial level just as well as current information both in BC and RL. These findings suggest that past experience emerges in the cortex around the time of learning, starting from higher-order association area RL and propagating down (i.e., top-down projection) to lower-order BC where it can be integrated with incoming sensory information. This integration between the past and present may facilitate learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odeya Marmor
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yael Pollak
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Chen Doron
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Brain Research Institute, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ariel Gilad
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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Hovde K, Rautio IV, Hegstad AM, Witter MP, Whitlock JR. Visuomotor interactions in the mouse forebrain mediated by extrastriate cortico-cortical pathways. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1188808. [PMID: 37228422 PMCID: PMC10203190 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1188808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The mammalian visual system can be broadly divided into two functional processing pathways: a dorsal stream supporting visually and spatially guided actions, and a ventral stream enabling object recognition. In rodents, the majority of visual signaling in the dorsal stream is transmitted to frontal motor cortices via extrastriate visual areas surrounding V1, but exactly where and to what extent V1 feeds into motor-projecting visual regions is not well known. Methods We employed a dual labeling strategy in male and female mice in which efferent projections from V1 were labeled anterogradely, and motor-projecting neurons in higher visual areas were labeled with retrogradely traveling adeno-associated virus (rAAV-retro) injected in M2. We characterized the labeling in both flattened and coronal sections of dorsal cortex and made high-resolution 3D reconstructions to count putative synaptic contacts in different extrastriate areas. Results The most pronounced colocalization V1 output and M2 input occurred in extrastriate areas AM, PM, RL and AL. Neurons in both superficial and deep layers in each project to M2, but high resolution volumetric reconstructions indicated that the majority of putative synaptic contacts from V1 onto M2-projecting neurons occurred in layer 2/3. Discussion These findings support the existence of a dorsal processing stream in the mouse visual system, where visual signals reach motor cortex largely via feedforward projections in anteriorly and medially located extrastriate areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Hovde
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida V. Rautio
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andrea M. Hegstad
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Menno P. Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonathan R. Whitlock
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Visual evoked feedforward-feedback traveling waves organize neural activity across the cortical hierarchy in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4754. [PMID: 35963850 PMCID: PMC9376099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing is distributed among many brain regions that interact via feedforward and feedback signaling. Neuronal oscillations have been shown to mediate intercortical feedforward and feedback interactions. Yet, the macroscopic structure of the multitude of such oscillations remains unclear. Here, we show that simple visual stimuli reliably evoke two traveling waves with spatial wavelengths that cover much of the cerebral hemisphere in awake mice. 30-50 Hz feedforward waves arise in primary visual cortex (V1) and propagate rostrally, while 3-6 Hz feedback waves originate in the association cortex and flow caudally. The phase of the feedback wave modulates the amplitude of the feedforward wave and synchronizes firing between V1 and parietal cortex. Altogether, these results provide direct experimental evidence that visual evoked traveling waves percolate through the cerebral cortex and coordinate neuronal activity across broadly distributed networks mediating visual processing.
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9
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Alexander AS, Tung JC, Chapman GW, Conner AM, Shelley LE, Hasselmo ME, Nitz DA. Adaptive integration of self-motion and goals in posterior parietal cortex. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110504. [PMID: 35263604 PMCID: PMC9026715 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rats readily switch between foraging and more complex navigational behaviors such as pursuit of other rats or prey. These tasks require vastly different tracking of multiple behaviorally significant variables including self-motion state. To explore whether navigational context modulates self-motion tracking, we examined self-motion tuning in posterior parietal cortex neurons during foraging versus visual target pursuit. Animals performing the pursuit task demonstrate predictive processing of target trajectories by anticipating and intercepting them. Relative to foraging, pursuit yields multiplicative gain modulation of self-motion tuning and enhances self-motion state decoding. Self-motion sensitivity in parietal cortex neurons is, on average, history dependent regardless of behavioral context, but the temporal window of self-motion integration extends during target pursuit. Finally, many self-motion-sensitive neurons conjunctively track the visual target position relative to the animal. Thus, posterior parietal cortex functions to integrate the location of navigationally relevant target stimuli into an ongoing representation of past, present, and future locomotor trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Alexander
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Janet C Tung
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - G William Chapman
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Allison M Conner
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Laura E Shelley
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael E Hasselmo
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Douglas A Nitz
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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10
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Di Volo M, Férézou I. Nonlinear collision between propagating waves in mouse somatosensory cortex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19630. [PMID: 34608205 PMCID: PMC8490437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How does cellular organization shape the spatio-temporal patterns of activity in the cortex while processing sensory information? After measuring the propagation of activity in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in response to single whisker deflections with Voltage Sensitive Dye (VSD) imaging, we developed a two dimensional model of S1. We designed an inference method to reconstruct model parameters from VSD data, revealing that a spatially heterogeneous organization of synaptic strengths between pyramidal neurons in S1 is likely to be responsible for the heterogeneous spatio-temporal patterns of activity measured experimentally. The model shows that, for strong enough excitatory cortical interactions, whisker deflections generate a propagating wave in S1. Finally, we report that two consecutive stimuli activating different spatial locations in S1 generate two waves which collide sub-linearly, giving rise to a suppressive wave. In the inferred model, the suppressive wave is explained by a lower sensitivity to external perturbations of neural networks during activated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Di Volo
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95302, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France.
| | - I Férézou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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11
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Hwang EJ, Sato TR, Sato TK. A Canonical Scheme of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Information Flows in the Frontoparietal Network. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:691314. [PMID: 34475815 PMCID: PMC8406690 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.691314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal-directed behavior often involves temporal separation and flexible context-dependent association between sensory input and motor output. The control of goal-directed behavior is proposed to lie in the frontoparietal network, but the computational architecture of this network remains elusive. Based on recent rodent studies that measured and manipulated projection neurons in the frontoparietal network together with findings from earlier primate studies, we propose a canonical scheme of information flows in this network. The parietofrontal pathway transmits the spatial information of a sensory stimulus or internal motor bias to drive motor programs in the frontal areas. This pathway might consist of multiple parallel connections, each controlling distinct motor effectors. The frontoparietal pathway sends the spatial information of cognitively processed motor plans through multiple parallel connections. Each of these connections could support distinct spatial functions that use the motor target information, including attention allocation, multi-body part coordination, and forward estimation of movement state (i.e., forward models). The parallel pathways in the frontoparietal network enable dynamic interactions between regions that are tuned for specific goal-directed behaviors. This scheme offers a promising framework within which the computational architecture of the frontoparietal network and the underlying circuit mechanisms can be delineated in a systematic way, providing a holistic understanding of information processing in this network. Clarifying this network may also improve the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral deficits associated with dysfunctional frontoparietal connectivity in various neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Hwang
- Stanson Toshok Center for Brain Function and Repair, Brain Science Institute, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Takashi R. Sato
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Tatsuo K. Sato
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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12
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Ivashkina OI, Gruzdeva AM, Roshchina MA, Toropova KA, Anokhin KV. Imaging of C-fos Activity in Neurons of the Mouse Parietal Association Cortex during Acquisition and Retrieval of Associative Fear Memory. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158244. [PMID: 34361009 PMCID: PMC8347746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The parietal cortex of rodents participates in sensory and spatial processing, movement planning, and decision-making, but much less is known about its role in associative learning and memory formation. The present study aims to examine the involvement of the parietal association cortex (PtA) in associative fear memory acquisition and retrieval in mice. Using ex vivo c-Fos immunohistochemical mapping and in vivo Fos-EGFP two-photon imaging, we show that PtA neurons were specifically activated both during acquisition and retrieval of cued fear memory. Fos immunohistochemistry revealed specific activation of the PtA neurons during retrieval of the 1-day-old fear memory. In vivo two-photon Fos-EGFP imaging confirmed this result and in addition detected specific c-Fos responses of the PtA neurons during acquisition of cued fear memory. To allow a more detailed study of the long-term activity of such PtA engram neurons, we generated a Fos-Cre-GCaMP transgenic mouse line that employs the Targeted Recombination in Active Populations (TRAP) technique to detect calcium events specifically in cells that were Fos-active during conditioning. We show that gradual accumulation of GCaMP3 in the PtA neurons of Fos-Cre-GCaMP mice peaks at the 4th day after fear learning. We also describe calcium transients in the cell bodies and dendrites of the TRAPed neurons. This provides a proof-of-principle for TRAP-based calcium imaging of PtA functions during memory processes as well as in experimental models of fear- and anxiety-related psychiatric disorders and their specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Ivashkina
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.T.); (K.V.A.)
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory for Neurobiology of Memory, P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9264289555
| | - Anna M. Gruzdeva
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Marina A. Roshchina
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, 117485 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ksenia A. Toropova
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.T.); (K.V.A.)
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory for Neurobiology of Memory, P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V. Anokhin
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.T.); (K.V.A.)
- Laboratory for Neurobiology of Memory, P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Orsolic I, Rio M, Mrsic-Flogel TD, Znamenskiy P. Mesoscale cortical dynamics reflect the interaction of sensory evidence and temporal expectation during perceptual decision-making. Neuron 2021; 109:1861-1875.e10. [PMID: 33861941 PMCID: PMC8186564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
How sensory evidence is transformed across multiple brain regions to influence behavior remains poorly understood. We trained mice in a visual change detection task designed to separate the covert antecedents of choices from activity associated with their execution. Wide-field calcium imaging across the dorsal cortex revealed fundamentally different dynamics of activity underlying these processes. Although signals related to execution of choice were widespread, fluctuations in sensory evidence in the absence of overt motor responses triggered a confined activity cascade, beginning with transient modulation of visual cortex and followed by sustained recruitment of the secondary and primary motor cortex. Activation of the motor cortex by sensory evidence was modulated by animals' expectation of when the stimulus was likely to change. These results reveal distinct activation timescales of specific cortical areas by sensory evidence during decision-making and show that recruitment of the motor cortex depends on the interaction of sensory evidence and temporal expectation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Orsolic
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, 25 Howland Street, London W1T 4JG, UK; Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Rio
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, 25 Howland Street, London W1T 4JG, UK; Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, 301 Evans Bay Parade, Hataitai, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Thomas D Mrsic-Flogel
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, 25 Howland Street, London W1T 4JG, UK; Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Petr Znamenskiy
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, 25 Howland Street, London W1T 4JG, UK; Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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14
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Rasmussen RN, Matsumoto A, Arvin S, Yonehara K. Binocular integration of retinal motion information underlies optic flow processing by the cortex. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1165-1174.e6. [PMID: 33484637 PMCID: PMC7987724 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Locomotion creates various patterns of optic flow on the retina, which provide the observer with information about their movement relative to the environment. However, it is unclear how these optic flow patterns are encoded by the cortex. Here, we use two-photon calcium imaging in awake mice to systematically map monocular and binocular responses to horizontal motion in four areas of the visual cortex. We find that neurons selective to translational or rotational optic flow are abundant in higher visual areas, whereas neurons suppressed by binocular motion are more common in the primary visual cortex. Disruption of retinal direction selectivity in Frmd7 mutant mice reduces the number of translation-selective neurons in the primary visual cortex and translation- and rotation-selective neurons as well as binocular direction-selective neurons in the rostrolateral and anterior visual cortex, blurring the functional distinction between primary and higher visual areas. Thus, optic flow representations in specific areas of the visual cortex rely on binocular integration of motion information from the retina. Translation- and rotation-selective neurons are abundant in higher visual areas Optic-flow-selective neurons in V1 and RL/A rely on retinal direction selectivity Retinal direction selectivity controls functional segregation between V1 and RL/A Binocular integration of retinal motion information underlies optic flow selectivity
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Nguyen Rasmussen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 8, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Akihiro Matsumoto
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 8, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simon Arvin
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 8, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Keisuke Yonehara
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 8, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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15
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Valero M, Viney TJ, Machold R, Mederos S, Zutshi I, Schuman B, Senzai Y, Rudy B, Buzsáki G. Sleep down state-active ID2/Nkx2.1 interneurons in the neocortex. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:401-411. [PMID: 33619404 PMCID: PMC9662703 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons fire together in balanced cortical networks. In contrast to this general rule, we describe a distinct neuron type in mice and rats whose spiking activity is anti-correlated with all principal cells and interneurons in all brain states but, most prevalently, during the down state of non-REM (NREM) sleep. We identify these down state-active (DSA) neurons as deep-layer neocortical neurogliaform cells that express ID2 and Nkx2.1 and are weakly immunoreactive to neuronal nitric oxide synthase. DSA neurons are weakly excited by deep-layer pyramidal cells and strongly inhibited by several other GABAergic cell types. Spiking of DSA neurons modified the sequential firing order of other neurons at down-up transitions. Optogenetic activation of ID2+Nkx2.1+ interneurons in the posterior parietal cortex during NREM sleep, but not during waking, interfered with consolidation of cue discrimination memory. Despite their sparsity, DSA neurons perform critical physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Valero
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tim J. Viney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Machold
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Mederos
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ipshita Zutshi
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Schuman
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuta Senzai
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Present address: Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bernardo Rudy
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Diamanti EM, Reddy CB, Schröder S, Muzzu T, Harris KD, Saleem AB, Carandini M. Spatial modulation of visual responses arises in cortex with active navigation. eLife 2021; 10:e63705. [PMID: 33538692 PMCID: PMC7861612 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During navigation, the visual responses of neurons in mouse primary visual cortex (V1) are modulated by the animal's spatial position. Here we show that this spatial modulation is similarly present across multiple higher visual areas but negligible in the main thalamic pathway into V1. Similar to hippocampus, spatial modulation in visual cortex strengthens with experience and with active behavior. Active navigation in a familiar environment, therefore, enhances the spatial modulation of visual signals starting in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mika Diamanti
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- CoMPLEX, Department of Computer Science, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Charu Bai Reddy
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Schröder
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tomaso Muzzu
- UCL Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kenneth D Harris
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Aman B Saleem
- UCL Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Matteo Carandini
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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17
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Kermen F, Lal P, Faturos NG, Yaksi E. Interhemispheric connections between olfactory bulbs improve odor detection. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000701. [PMID: 32310946 PMCID: PMC7192517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interhemispheric connections enable interaction and integration of sensory information in bilaterian nervous systems and are thought to optimize sensory computations. However, the cellular and spatial organization of interhemispheric networks and the computational properties they mediate in vertebrates are still poorly understood. Thus, it remains unclear to what extent the connectivity between left and right brain hemispheres participates in sensory processing. Here, we show that the zebrafish olfactory bulbs (OBs) receive direct interhemispheric projections from their contralateral counterparts in addition to top-down inputs from the contralateral zebrafish homolog of olfactory cortex. The direct interhemispheric projections between the OBs reach peripheral layers of the contralateral OB and retain a precise topographic organization, which directly connects similarly tuned olfactory glomeruli across hemispheres. In contrast, interhemispheric top-down inputs consist of diffuse projections that broadly innervate the inhibitory granule cell layer. Jointly, these interhemispheric connections elicit a balance of topographically organized excitation and nontopographic inhibition on the contralateral OB and modulate odor responses. We show that the interhemispheric connections in the olfactory system enable the modulation of odor response and contribute to a small but significant improvement in the detection of a reproductive pheromone when presented together with complex olfactory cues by potentiating the response of the pheromone selective neurons. Taken together, our data show a previously unknown function for an interhemispheric connection between chemosensory maps of the olfactory system. Interhemispheric connections enable interaction and integration of sensory information in bilaterian nervous systems and are thought to optimize sensory computations. This study shows that interhemispheric olfactory connections in the zebrafish brain improve the detection of a reproductive pheromone within a noisy odor background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Kermen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail: (FK); (EY)
| | - Pradeep Lal
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nicholas G. Faturos
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emre Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail: (FK); (EY)
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18
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Gilad A, Helmchen F. Spatiotemporal refinement of signal flow through association cortex during learning. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1744. [PMID: 32269226 PMCID: PMC7142160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Association areas in neocortex encode novel stimulus-outcome relationships, but the principles of their engagement during task learning remain elusive. Using chronic wide-field calcium imaging, we reveal two phases of spatiotemporal refinement of layer 2/3 cortical activity in mice learning whisker-based texture discrimination in the dark. Even before mice reach learning threshold, association cortex-including rostro-lateral (RL), posteromedial (PM), and retrosplenial dorsal (RD) areas-is generally suppressed early during trials (between auditory start cue and whisker-texture touch). As learning proceeds, a spatiotemporal activation sequence builds up, spreading from auditory areas to RL immediately before texture touch (whereas PM and RD remain suppressed) and continuing into barrel cortex, which eventually efficiently discriminates between textures. Additional correlation analysis substantiates this diverging learning-related refinement within association cortex. Our results indicate that a pre-learning phase of general suppression in association cortex precedes a learning-related phase of task-specific signal flow enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Gilad
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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Abstract
The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and frontal motor areas comprise a cortical network supporting goal-directed behaviour, with functions including sensorimotor transformations and decision making. In primates, this network links performed and observed actions via mirror neurons, which fire both when individuals perform an action and when they observe the same action performed by a conspecific. Mirror neurons are believed to be important for social learning, but it is not known whether mirror-like neurons occur in similar networks in other social species, such as rodents, or if they can be measured in such models using paradigms where observers passively view a demonstrator. Therefore, we imaged Ca2+ responses in PPC and secondary motor cortex (M2) while mice performed and observed pellet-reaching and wheel-running tasks, and found that cell populations in both areas robustly encoded several naturalistic behaviours. However, neural responses to the same set of observed actions were absent, although we verified that observer mice were attentive to performers and that PPC neurons responded reliably to visual cues. Statistical modelling also indicated that executed actions outperformed observed actions in predicting neural responses. These results raise the possibility that sensorimotor action recognition in rodents could take place outside of the parieto-frontal circuit, and underscore that detecting socially-driven neural coding depends critically on the species and behavioural paradigm used.
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20
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Joo B, Koo JW, Lee S. Posterior parietal cortex mediates fear renewal in a novel context. Mol Brain 2020; 13:16. [PMID: 32024548 PMCID: PMC7003400 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-0556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The return of fear following extinction therapy is an important issue associated with the treatment of many fear-related disorders. Fear renewal is a suitable model, with which context-dependent modulation of the fear response can be examined. In this model, any context outside of an extinction context (e.g., novel or familiar contexts) could evoke relapse of the fear response. However, brain regions associated with context-dependent modulation are not fully understood. The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is considered a center for integrating multisensory information and making decisions. To study its role in the contextual modulation of fear relapse, we reversibly inactivated the PPC in mice before they were exposed to various contexts after extinction training. When muscimol was infused into the PPC, fear renewal was impaired in a novel context, but not in a familiar context. Fear relapses were blocked during optogenetic inhibition of the PPC, only when animals were placed in a novel context. We propose that the neural activity of the PPC is necessary for the relapse of a precise response to an extinguished conditioned stimulus in a novel context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitna Joo
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Wook Koo
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sukwon Lee
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41068, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Hwang EJ, Link TD, Hu YY, Lu S, Wang EHJ, Lilascharoen V, Aronson S, O'Neil K, Lim BK, Komiyama T. Corticostriatal Flow of Action Selection Bias. Neuron 2019; 104:1126-1140.e6. [PMID: 31706697 PMCID: PMC6923603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) performs many functions, including decision making and movement control. It remains unknown which input and output pathways of PPC support different functions. We addressed this issue in mice, focusing on PPC neurons projecting to the dorsal striatum (PPC-STR) and the posterior secondary motor cortex (PPC-pM2). Projection-specific, retrograde labeling showed that PPC-STR and PPC-pM2 represent largely distinct subpopulations, with PPC-STR receiving stronger inputs from association areas and PPC-pM2 receiving stronger sensorimotor inputs. Two-photon calcium imaging during decision making revealed that the PPC-STR population encodes history-dependent choice bias more strongly than PPC-pM2 or general PPC populations. Furthermore, optogenetic inactivation of PPC-STR neurons or their terminals in STR decreased history-dependent bias, while inactivation of PPC-pM2 neurons altered movement kinematics. Therefore, PPC biases action selection through its STR projection while controlling movements through PPC-pM2 neurons. PPC may support multiple functions through parallel subpopulations, each with distinct input-output connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Hwang
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Trevor D Link
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yvonne Yuling Hu
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shan Lu
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric Hou-Jen Wang
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Varoth Lilascharoen
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sage Aronson
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Neurophotometrics, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Keelin O'Neil
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Byung Kook Lim
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Takaki Komiyama
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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22
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Abstract
In this article, we review the anatomical inputs and outputs to the mouse primary visual cortex, area V1. Our survey of data from the Allen Institute Mouse Connectivity project indicates that mouse V1 is highly interconnected with both cortical and subcortical brain areas. This pattern of innervation allows for computations that depend on the state of the animal and on behavioral goals, which contrasts with simple feedforward, hierarchical models of visual processing. Thus, to have an accurate description of the function of V1 during mouse behavior, its involvement with the rest of the brain circuitry has to be considered. Finally, it remains an open question whether the primary visual cortex of higher mammals displays the same degree of sensorimotor integration in the early visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Froudarakis
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Paul G Fahey
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jacob Reimer
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Stelios M Smirnakis
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Jamaica Plain VA Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA
| | - Edward J Tehovnik
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Andreas S Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
- Center for Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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23
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Olsen GM, Hovde K, Kondo H, Sakshaug T, Sømme HH, Whitlock JR, Witter MP. Organization of Posterior Parietal-Frontal Connections in the Rat. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:38. [PMID: 31496940 PMCID: PMC6713060 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations of the rat posterior parietal cortex (PPC) suggest that this region plays a central role in action control together with the frontal cortical areas. Posterior parietal-frontal cortical connections have been described in rats, but little is known about whether these connections are topographically organized as in the primate. Here, we injected retrograde and anterograde tracers into subdivisions of PPC as well as the frontal midline and orbital cortical areas to explore possible topographies within their connections. We found that PPC projects to several frontal cortical areas, largely reciprocating the densest input received from the same areas. All PPC subdivisions are strongly connected with the secondary motor cortex (M2) in a topographically organized manner. The medial subdivision (medial posterior parietal cortex, mPPC) has a dense reciprocal connection with the most caudal portion of M2 (cM2), whereas the lateral subdivision (lateral posterior parietal cortex, lPPC) and the caudolateral subdivision (PtP) are reciprocally connected with the intermediate rostrocaudal portion of M2 (iM2). Sparser reciprocal connections were seen with anterior cingulate area 24b. mPPC connects with rostral, and lPPC and PtP connect with caudal parts of 24b, respectively. There are virtually no connections with area 24a, nor with prelimbic or infralimbic cortex. PPC and orbitofrontal cortices are also connected, showing a gradient such that mPPC entertains reciprocal connections mainly with the ventral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), whereas lPPC and PtP are preferentially connected with medial and central portions of ventrolateral OFC, respectively. Our results thus indicate that the connections of PPC with frontal cortices are organized in a topographical fashion, supporting functional heterogeneity within PPC and frontal cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethe M Olsen
- The Faculty of Medicine, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karoline Hovde
- The Faculty of Medicine, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hideki Kondo
- The Faculty of Medicine, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Teri Sakshaug
- The Faculty of Medicine, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanna Haaland Sømme
- The Faculty of Medicine, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonathan R Whitlock
- The Faculty of Medicine, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Menno P Witter
- The Faculty of Medicine, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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24
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Functional Architecture and Encoding of Tactile Sensorimotor Behavior in Rat Posterior Parietal Cortex. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7332-7343. [PMID: 31332000 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0693-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in rodents is reciprocally connected to primary somatosensory and vibrissal motor cortices. The PPC neuronal circuitry could thus encode and potentially integrate incoming somatosensory information and whisker motor output. However, the information encoded across PPC layers during refined sensorimotor behavior remains largely unknown. To uncover the sensorimotor features represented in PPC during voluntary whisking and object touch, we performed loose-patch single-unit recordings and extracellular recordings of ensemble activity, covering all layers of PPC in anesthetized and awake, behaving male rats. First, using single-cell receptive field mapping, we revealed the presence of coarse somatotopy along the mediolateral axis in PPC. Second, we found that spiking activity was modulated during exploratory whisking in layers 2-4 and layer 6, but not in layer 5 of awake, behaving rats. Population spiking activity preceded actual movement, and whisker trajectory endpoints could be decoded by population spiking, suggesting that PPC is involved in movement planning. Finally, population spiking activity further increased in response to active whisker touch but only in PPC layers 2-4. Thus, we find layer-specific processing, which emphasizes the computational role of PPC during whisker sensorimotor behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is thought to merge information on motor output and sensory input to orchestrate interaction with the environment, but the function of different PPC microcircuit components is poorly understood. We recorded neuronal activity in rat PPC during sensorimotor behavior involving motor and sensory pathways. We uncovered that PPC layers have dedicated function: motor and sensory information is merged in layers 2-4; layer 6 predominantly represents motor information. Collectively, PPC activity predicts future motor output, thus entailing a motor plan. Our results are important for understanding how PPC computationally processes motor output and sensory input. This understanding may facilitate decoding of brain activity when using brain-machine interfaces to overcome loss of function after, for instance, spinal cord injury.
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25
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Scott GA, Roebuck AJ, Greba Q, Howland JG. Performance of the trial-unique, delayed non-matching-to-location (TUNL) task depends on AMPA/Kainate, but not NMDA, ionotropic glutamate receptors in the rat posterior parietal cortex. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 159:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Bienkowski MS, Benavidez NL, Wu K, Gou L, Becerra M, Dong HW. Extrastriate connectivity of the mouse dorsal lateral geniculate thalamic nucleus. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:1419-1442. [PMID: 30620046 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian visual system is one of the most well-studied brain systems. Visual information from the retina is relayed to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (LGd). The LGd then projects topographically to primary visual cortex (VISp) to mediate visual perception. In this view, the VISp is a critical network hub where visual information must traverse LGd-VISp circuits to reach higher order "extrastriate" visual cortices, which surround the VISp on its medial and lateral borders. However, decades of conflicting reports in a variety of mammals support or refute the existence of extrastriate LGd connections that can bypass the VISp. Here, we provide evidence of bidirectional extrastriate connectivity with the mouse LGd. Using small, discrete coinjections of anterograde and retrograde tracers within the thalamus and cortex, our cross-validated approach identified bidirectional connectivity between LGd and extrastriate visual cortices. We find robust reciprocal connectivity of the medial extrastriate regions with LGd neurons distributed along the "ventral strip" border with the intergeniculate leaflet. In contrast, LGd input to lateral extrastriate regions is sparse, but lateral extrastriate regions return stronger descending projections to localized LGd areas. We show further evidence that axons from lateral extrastriate regions can overlap onto medial extrastriate-projecting LGd neurons in the ventral strip, providing a putative subcortical LGd pathway for communication between medial and lateral extrastriate regions. Overall, our findings support the existence of extrastriate LGd circuits and provide novel understanding of LGd organization in rodent visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bienkowski
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Center for Integrative Connectomics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nora L Benavidez
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Center for Integrative Connectomics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kevin Wu
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Center for Integrative Connectomics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lin Gou
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Center for Integrative Connectomics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marlene Becerra
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Center for Integrative Connectomics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hong-Wei Dong
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Center for Integrative Connectomics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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27
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Krumin M, Lee JJ, Harris KD, Carandini M. Decision and navigation in mouse parietal cortex. eLife 2018; 7:e42583. [PMID: 30468146 PMCID: PMC6300355 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has been implicated in navigation, in the control of movement, and in visually-guided decisions. To relate these views, we measured activity in PPC while mice performed a virtual navigation task driven by visual decisions. PPC neurons were selective for specific combinations of the animal's spatial position and heading angle. This selectivity closely predicted both the activity of individual PPC neurons, and the arrangement of their collective firing patterns in choice-selective sequences. These sequences reflected PPC encoding of the animal's navigation trajectory. Using decision as a predictor instead of heading yielded worse fits, and using it in addition to heading only slightly improved the fits. Alternative models based on visual or motor variables were inferior. We conclude that when mice use vision to choose their trajectories, a large fraction of parietal cortex activity can be predicted from simple attributes such as spatial position and heading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Krumin
- UCL Institute of OphthalmologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Julie J Lee
- UCL Institute of OphthalmologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kenneth D Harris
- UCL Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Matteo Carandini
- UCL Institute of OphthalmologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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