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Fairley LH, Lai KO, Grimm A, Eckert A, Barron AM. The mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) in Alzheimer's disease: Therapeutic and immunomodulatory functions. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00162-7. [PMID: 38971458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The translocator protein (TSPO) has been widely investigated as a PET-imaging biomarker of neuroinflammation and, more recently, as a therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. TSPO ligands have been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), by reducing toxic beta amyloid peptides, and attenuating brain atrophy. Recent transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, and the generation of TSPO-KO mice, have enabled new insights into the mechanistic function of TSPO in AD. Using a multi-omics approach in both TSPO-KO- and TSPO ligand-treated mice, we have demonstrated a key role for TSPO in microglial respiratory metabolism and phagocytosis in AD. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence for therapeutic and immunomodulatory functions of TSPO in AD, and new tools for studying TSPO in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H Fairley
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Kei Onn Lai
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Amandine Grimm
- Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- Transfaculty Research Platform, Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna M Barron
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
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Barateau L, Krache A, Da Costa A, Lecendreux M, Debs R, Chenini S, Arlicot N, Vourc'h P, Evangelista E, Alonso M, Salabert AS, Silva S, Béziat S, Jaussent I, Mariano-Goulart D, Payoux P, Dauvilliers Y. Microglia Density and Its Association With Disease Duration, Severity, and Orexin Levels in Patients With Narcolepsy Type 1. Neurology 2024; 102:e209326. [PMID: 38669634 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is due to the loss of hypothalamic neurons that produce orexin (ORX), by a suspected immune-mediated process. Rare postmortem studies are available and failed to detect any inflammation in the hypothalamic region, but these brains were collected years after the first symptoms. In vivo studies close to disease onset are lacking. We aimed to explore microglia density in the hypothalamus and thalamus in NT1 compared with controls using [18F]DPA-714 PET and to study in NT1 the relationships between microglia density in the hypothalamus and in other regions of interest (ROIs) with disease duration, severity, and ORX levels. METHODS Patients with NT1 and controls underwent a standardized clinical evaluation and [18F]DPA-714 PET imaging using a radiolabeled ligand specific to the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO). TSPO genotyping determined receptor affinity. Images were processed on peripheral module interface using standard uptake value (SUV) on ROIs: hypothalamus, thalamus, frontal area, cerebellum, and the whole brain. SUV ratios (SUVr) were calculated by normalizing SUV with cerebellum uptake. RESULTS A total of 41 patients with NT1 (21 adults, 20 children, 10 with recent disease onset <1 year) and 35 controls were included, with no significant difference between groups for [18F]DPA-714 binding (SUV/SUVr) in the hypothalamus and thalamus. Unexpectedly, significantly lower SUVr in the whole brain was found in NT1 compared with controls (0.97 ± 0.06 vs 1.08 ± 0.22, p = 0.04). The same finding between NT1 and controls in the whole brain was observed in those with high or mixed TSPO affinity (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04). Similar trend was observed in the frontal area in NT1 (0.96 ± 0.09 vs 1.09 ± 0.25, p = 0.05). In NT1, no association was found between SUVr in different ROIs and age, disease duration, severity, or ORX levels. DISCUSSION We found no evidence of in vivo increased microglia density in NT1 compared with controls, even close to disease onset, and even unexpectedly a decrease in the whole brain of these patients. These findings do not support the presence of neuroinflammation in the destruction process of ORX neurons. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.org NCT03754348.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Barateau
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Anis Krache
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Da Costa
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Lecendreux
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Rachel Debs
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Sofiene Chenini
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Arlicot
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Elisa Evangelista
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Alonso
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Salabert
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Stein Silva
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Séverine Béziat
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Jaussent
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Mariano-Goulart
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- From the Sleep-Wake Disorders Unit (L.B., S.C., Y.D.), Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases (L.B., Y.D.), Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Montpellier; Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier (L.B., S.B., I.J., Y.D.), University of Montpellier, INSERM; ToNIC (A.K., A.D.C., A.-S.S., S.S., P.P.), Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, UMR 1214, INSERM, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse; Pediatric Sleep Centre (M.L.), Hospital Robert-Debré; National Reference Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome (M.L.), Paris; Sleep Unit of Toulouse Hospital (R.D.), National Competence Centre for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology; CHRU de Tours-Université de Tours (N.A., P.V.), Inserm U1253 « Imaging and Brain » (iBrain), Inserm CIC 1415, Tours; Sleep Unit (E.E.), CHU Nîmes; Radiopharmacy Department (M.A., A.-S.S.), CHU Toulouse; Critical Care Unit (S.S.), Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse; Department of Nuclear Medicine (D.M.-G.), CHU Montpellier; PhyMedExp (D.M.-G.), University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS; and Nuclear Medicine Department (P.P.), CHU Toulouse, France
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Rossano SM, Johnson AS, Smith A, Ziaggi G, Roetman A, Guzman D, Okafor A, Klein J, Tomljanovic Z, Stern Y, Brickman AM, Lee S, Kreisl WC, Lao P. Microglia measured by TSPO PET are associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology and mediate key steps in a disease progression model. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2397-2407. [PMID: 38298155 PMCID: PMC11032543 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence suggests microglial activation precedes regional tau and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We characterized microglia with translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) within an AD progression model where global amyloid beta (Aβ) precedes local tau and neurodegeneration, resulting in cognitive impairment. METHODS Florbetaben, PBR28, and MK-6240 PET, T1 magnetic resonance imaging, and cognitive measures were performed in 19 cognitively unimpaired older adults and 22 patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild AD to examine associations among microglia activation, Aβ, tau, and cognition, adjusting for neurodegeneration. Mediation analyses evaluated the possible role of microglial activation along the AD progression model. RESULTS Higher PBR28 uptake was associated with higher Aβ, higher tau, and lower MMSE score, independent of neurodegeneration. PBR28 mediated associations between tau in early and middle Braak stages, between tau and neurodegeneration, and between neurodegeneration and cognition. DISCUSSION Microglia are associated with AD pathology and cognition and may mediate relationships between subsequent steps in AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Rossano
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Aubrey S. Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Anna Smith
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Galen Ziaggi
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrew Roetman
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Diana Guzman
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Amarachukwu Okafor
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Julia Klein
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineUniversity of California Los Angeles HealthLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zeljko Tomljanovic
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and BiostatisticsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - William C. Kreisl
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Patrick Lao
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Teng Z. Novel Development and Prospects in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:345-354. [PMID: 38405339 PMCID: PMC10894614 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease with cognitive decline and behavioral dysfunction. AD will become a global public health concern due to its increasing prevalence brought on by the severity of global aging. It is critical to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of AD and investigate or pursue a viable therapy strategy in clinic. Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein are the main regulating variables in the pathological phase of AD. And neuroinflammation brought on by activated microglia was found to be one risk factor contributing to changes in Aβ and tau pathology. It is important to investigate the unique biomarkers of early diagnosis and advanced stage, which may help to elucidate the specific pathological process of AD and provide potential novel therapeutic targets or preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghui Teng
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Adhikari A, Chauhan K, Adhikari M, Tiwari AK. Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor: An emerging target for neuroinflammation PET imaging and AD therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 100:117628. [PMID: 38330850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Although neuroinflammation is a significant pathogenic feature of many neurologic disorders, its precise function in-vivo is still not completely known. PET imaging enables the longitudinal examination, quantification, and tracking of different neuroinflammation biomarkers in living subjects. Particularly, PET imaging of Microglia, specialised dynamic immune cells crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis in central nervous system (CNS), is crucial for staging the neuroinflammation. Colony Stimulating Factor- 1 Receptor (CSF-1R) PET imaging is a novel method for the quantification of neuroinflammation. CSF-1R is mainly expressed on microglia, and neurodegenerative disorders greatly up-regulate its expression. The present review primarily focuses on the development, pros and cons of all the CSF-1R PET tracers reported for neuroinflammation imaging. Apart from neuroinflammation imaging, CSF-1R inhibitors are also reported for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a prevalent, advancing, and fatal neurodegenerative condition that have the characteristic feature of persistent neuroinflammation and primarily affects the elderly. The aetiology of AD is profoundly influenced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and microglial dysfunction. Increasing evidence suggests that CSF-1R inhibitors (CSF-1Ri) can be helpful in preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases. This review article also summarises the most recent developments of CSF-1Ri-based therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Kanchan Chauhan
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 carretera, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Manish Adhikari
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Anjani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb, Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Teipel SJ, Dyrba M, Kleineidam L, Brosseron F, Levin F, Bruno D, Buerger K, Cosma N, Schneider L, Düzel E, Glanz W, Fliessbach K, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Laske C, Munk MH, Maier F, Peters O, Pomara N, Perneczky R, Rauchmann B, Priller J, Ramirez A, Roy N, Schneider A, Spottke A, Spruth EJ, Roeske S, Wagner M, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Bartels C, Jessen F, Heneka MT. Association of latent factors of neuroinflammation with Alzheimer's disease pathology and longitudinal cognitive decline. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12510. [PMID: 38213951 PMCID: PMC10781650 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the association of inflammatory mechanisms with markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and rates of cognitive decline in the AD spectrum. METHODS We studied 296 cases from the Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) cohort, and an extension cohort of 276 cases of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. Using Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis, we constructed latent factors for synaptic integrity, microglia, cerebrovascular endothelial function, cytokine/chemokine, and complement components of the inflammatory response using a set of inflammatory markers in cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS We found strong evidence for an association of synaptic integrity, microglia response, and cerebrovascular endothelial function with a latent factor of AD pathology and with rates of cognitive decline. We found evidence against an association of complement and cytokine/chemokine factors with AD pathology and rates of cognitive decline. DISCUSSION Latent factors provided access to directly unobservable components of the neuroinflammatory response and their association with AD pathology and cognitive decline.
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Nordengen K, Kirsebom BE, Richter G, Pålhaugen L, Gísladóttir B, Siafarikas N, Nakling A, Rongve A, Bråthen G, Grøntvedt GR, Gonzalez F, Waterloo K, Sharma K, Karikari T, Vromen EM, Tijms BM, Visser PJ, Selnes P, Kramberger MG, Winblad B, Blennow K, Fladby T. Longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid measurements show glial hypo- and hyperactivation in predementia Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:298. [PMID: 38093257 PMCID: PMC10720118 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain innate immune activation is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but degrees of activation may vary between disease stages. Thus, brain innate immune activation must be assessed in longitudinal clinical studies that include biomarker negative healthy controls and cases with established AD pathology. Here, we employ longitudinally sampled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) core AD, immune activation and glial biomarkers to investigate early (predementia stage) innate immune activation levels and biomarker profiles. METHODS We included non-demented cases from a longitudinal observational cohort study, with CSF samples available at baseline (n = 535) and follow-up (n = 213), between 1 and 6 years from baseline (mean 2.8 years). We measured Aβ42/40 ratio, p-tau181, and total-tau to determine Ab (A+), tau-tangle pathology (T+), and neurodegeneration (N+), respectively. We classified individuals into these groups: A-/T-/N-, A+/T-/N-, A+/T+ or N+, or A-/T+ or N+. Using linear and mixed linear regression, we compared levels of CSF sTREM2, YKL-40, clusterin, fractalkine, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-1, IL-18, and IFN-γ both cross-sectionally and longitudinally between groups. A post hoc analysis was also performed to assess biomarker differences between cognitively healthy and impaired individuals in the A+/T+ or N+ group. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, CSF sTREM2, YKL-40, clusterin and fractalkine were higher only in groups with tau pathology, independent of amyloidosis (p < 0.001, A+/T+ or N+ and A-/T+ or N+, compared to A-/T-/N-). No significant group differences were observed for the cytokines CSF MCP-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL18 or IFN-γ. Longitudinally, CSF YKL-40, fractalkine and IFN-γ were all significantly lower in stable A+/T-/N- cases (all p < 0.05). CSF sTREM2, YKL-40, clusterin, fractalkine (p < 0.001) and MCP-1 (p < 0.05) were all higher in T or N+, with or without amyloidosis at baseline, but remained stable over time. High CSF sTREM2 was associated with preserved cognitive function within the A+/T+ or N+ group, relative to the cognitively impaired with the same A/T/N biomarker profile (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Immune hypoactivation and reduced neuron-microglia communication are observed in isolated amyloidosis while activation and increased fractalkine accompanies tau pathology in predementia AD. Glial hypo- and hyperactivation through the predementia AD continuum suggests altered glial interaction with Ab and tau pathology, and may necessitate differential treatments, depending on the stage and patient-specific activation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Nordengen
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, P.B. 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bjørn-Eivind Kirsebom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Grit Richter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lene Pålhaugen
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, P.B. 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Berglind Gísladóttir
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, P.B. 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikias Siafarikas
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Arne Nakling
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arvid Rongve
- Department of Research and Innovation, Haugesund Hospital, Helse Fonna, Haugesund, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Bråthen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gøril Rolfseng Grøntvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Fernando Gonzalez
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Knut Waterloo
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kulbhushan Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, P.B. 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - Eleonora M Vromen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vumc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Betty M Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vumc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Visser
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vumc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Per Selnes
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, P.B. 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milicia G Kramberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, P.B. 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Cáceres C, Heusser B, Garnham A, Moczko E. The Major Hypotheses of Alzheimer's Disease: Related Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Its Diagnosis and Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2669. [PMID: 38067098 PMCID: PMC10705786 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a well-known chronic neurodegenerative disorder that leads to the progressive death of brain cells, resulting in memory loss and the loss of other critical body functions. In March 2019, one of the major pharmaceutical companies and its partners announced that currently, there is no drug to cure AD, and all clinical trials of the new ones have been cancelled, leaving many people without hope. However, despite the clear message and startling reality, the research continued. Finally, in the last two years, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first-ever medications to treat Alzheimer's, aducanumab and lecanemab. Despite researchers' support of this decision, there are serious concerns about their effectiveness and safety. The validation of aducanumab by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is still pending, and lecanemab was authorized without considering data from the phase III trials. Furthermore, numerous reports suggest that patients have died when undergoing extended treatment. While there is evidence that aducanumab and lecanemab may provide some relief to those suffering from AD, their impact remains a topic of ongoing research and debate within the medical community. The fact is that even though there are considerable efforts regarding pharmacological treatment, no definitive cure for AD has been found yet. Nevertheless, it is strongly believed that modern nanotechnology holds promising solutions and effective clinical strategies for the development of diagnostic tools and treatments for AD. This review summarizes the major hallmarks of AD, its etiological mechanisms, and challenges. It explores existing diagnostic and therapeutic methods and the potential of nanotechnology-based approaches for recognizing and monitoring patients at risk of irreversible neuronal degeneration. Overall, it provides a broad overview for those interested in the evolving areas of clinical neuroscience, AD, and related nanotechnology. With further research and development, nanotechnology-based approaches may offer new solutions and hope for millions of people affected by this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ewa Moczko
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar 2562307, Chile; (C.C.)
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Blum N, Mirian C, Maier AD, Mathiesen TI, Vilhardt F, Haslund-Vinding JL. Translocator protein (TSPO) expression in neoplastic cells and tumor-associated macrophages in meningiomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:1020-1032. [PMID: 37952221 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors and show extensive infiltration of macrophages. The mitochondrial membrane protein translocator protein (TSPO) has been used as an in vivo marker of microglia and macrophage activation to visualize neuroinflammation. However, it is unknown which cell types express TSPO in meningiomas. Immunohistochemistry of 38 WHO grade 1-3 meningiomas was subjected to segmentation and deep learning classification of TSPO expression to either Iba1-positive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) or all other (mainly neoplastic) cells. A possible association between clinical data and TSPO expression intensities was also investigated. TAMs accounted for 15.9%-26% of all cells in the meningioma tissue. Mean fluorescence intensity of TSPO was significantly higher in TAMs (p < 0.0001), but the mass of neoplastic cells in the tumors exceeded that of TAMs. Thus, the summed fluorescence intensity of TSPO in meningioma cells was 64.1% higher than in TAMs (p = 0.0003). We observed no correlation between TSPO expression intensity and WHO grade. These results indicate that both macrophage-lineage and neoplastic cells in meningiomas express TSPO and that the SPECT-TSPO signal in meningiomas mainly reflects the latter; TSPO is expressed equally in parenchymal activated and resting macrophage/microglia lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Blum
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andrea Daniela Maier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Saleem A, Shah SIA, Mangar SA, Coello C, Wall MB, Rizzo G, Jones T, Price PM. Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Multimodality Functional Imaging Study to Evaluate Neuroinflammation. Prostate Cancer 2023; 2023:6641707. [PMID: 37885823 PMCID: PMC10599921 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6641707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer is implicated as a possible cause of cognitive impairment (CI). CI in dementia and Alzheimer's disease is associated with neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated a potential role of neuroinflammation in ADT-related CI. Methods Patients with prostate cancer on ADT for ≥3 months were categorized as having ADT-emergent CI or normal cognition (NC) based on self-report at interview. Neuroinflammation was evaluated using positron emission tomography (PET) with the translocator protein (TSPO) radioligand [11C]-PBR28. [11C]-PBR28 uptake in various brain regions was quantified as standardized uptake value (SUVR, normalized to cerebellum) and related to blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) choice-reaction time task (CRT) activation maps. Results Eleven patients underwent PET: four with reported CI (rCI), six with reported NC (rNC), and one status unrecorded. PET did not reveal any between-group differences in SUVR regionally or globally. There was no difference between groups on brain activation to the CRT. Regardless of the reported cognitive status, there was strong correlation between PET-TSPO signal and CRT activation in the hippocampus, amygdala, and medial cortex. Conclusions We found no difference in neuroinflammation measured by PET-TSPO between patients with rCI and rNC. However, we speculate that the strong correlation between TSPO uptake and BOLD-fMRI activation in brain regions involved in memory and known to have high androgen-receptor expression mediating plasticity (hippocampus and amygdala) might reflect inflammatory effects of ADT with compensatory upregulated/increased synaptic functions. Further studies of this imaging readout are warranted to investigate ADT-related CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Saleem
- Invicro, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Syed Imran Ali Shah
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Christopher Coello
- Invicro, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Matthew B. Wall
- Invicro, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Gaia Rizzo
- Invicro, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, UK
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Terry Jones
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Davis, California, USA
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11
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Wang YTT, Rosa-Neto P, Gauthier S. Advanced brain imaging for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Curr Opin Neurol 2023; 36:481-490. [PMID: 37639461 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose is to review the latest advances of brain imaging for the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD). RECENT FINDINGS Brain imaging techniques provide valuable and complementary information to support the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in clinical and research settings. The recent FDA accelerated approvals of aducanumab, lecanemab and donanemab made amyloid-PET critical in helping determine the optimal window for anti-amyloid therapeutic interventions. Tau-PET, on the other hand, is considered of key importance for the tracking of disease progression and for monitoring therapeutic interventions in clinical trials. PET imaging for microglial activation, astrocyte reactivity and synaptic degeneration are still new techniques only used in the research field, and more studies are needed to validate their use in the clinical diagnosis of AD. Finally, artificial intelligence has opened new prospective in the early detection of AD using MRI modalities. SUMMARY Brain imaging techniques using PET improve our understanding of the different AD-related pathologies and their relationship with each other along the course of disease. With more robust validation, machine learning and deep learning algorithms could be integrated with neuroimaging modalities to serve as valuable tools for clinicians to make early diagnosis and prognosis of AD.
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12
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Tang SW, Helmeste DM, Leonard BE. COVID-19 as a polymorphic inflammatory spectrum of diseases: a review with focus on the brain. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023; 35:248-269. [PMID: 36861428 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
There appear to be huge variations and aberrations in the reported data in COVID-19 2 years now into the pandemic. Conflicting data exist at almost every level and also in the reported epidemiological statistics across different regions. It is becoming clear that COVID-19 is a polymorphic inflammatory spectrum of diseases, and there is a wide range of inflammation-related pathology and symptoms in those infected with the virus. The host's inflammatory response to COVID-19 appears to be determined by genetics, age, immune status, health status and stage of disease. The interplay of these factors may decide the magnitude, duration, types of pathology, symptoms and prognosis in the spectrum of COVID-19 disorders, and whether neuropsychiatric disorders continue to be significant. Early and successful management of inflammation reduces morbidity and mortality in all stages of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Wa Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daiga Maret Helmeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian E Leonard
- Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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13
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Gouilly D, Rafiq M, Nogueira L, Salabert AS, Payoux P, Péran P, Pariente J. Beyond the amyloid cascade: An update of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:812-830. [PMID: 36906457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-etiology disease. The biological system of AD is associated with multidomain genetic, molecular, cellular, and network brain dysfunctions, interacting with central and peripheral immunity. These dysfunctions have been primarily conceptualized according to the assumption that amyloid deposition in the brain, whether from a stochastic or a genetic accident, is the upstream pathological change. However, the arborescence of AD pathological changes suggests that a single amyloid pathway might be too restrictive or inconsistent with a cascading effect. In this review, we discuss the recent human studies of late-onset AD pathophysiology in an attempt to establish a general updated view focusing on the early stages. Several factors highlight heterogenous multi-cellular pathological changes in AD, which seem to work in a self-amplifying manner with amyloid and tau pathologies. Neuroinflammation has an increasing importance as a major pathological driver, and perhaps as a convergent biological basis of aging, genetic, lifestyle and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gouilly
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France.
| | - M Rafiq
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - L Nogueira
- Department of Cell Biology and Cytology, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - A-S Salabert
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - P Payoux
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France; Center of Clinical Investigation, CHU Toulouse Purpan (CIC1436), France
| | - P Péran
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France
| | - J Pariente
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France; Center of Clinical Investigation, CHU Toulouse Purpan (CIC1436), France
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14
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Hirata K, Matsuoka K, Tagai K, Endo H, Tatebe H, Ono M, Kokubo N, Oyama A, Shinotoh H, Takahata K, Obata T, Dehghani M, Near J, Kawamura K, Zhang MR, Shimada H, Yokota T, Tokuda T, Higuchi M, Takado Y. Altered Brain Energy Metabolism Related to Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease. Ann Neurol 2023. [PMID: 37703428 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that reactive astrocytes are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its underlying pathogenesis remains unknown. Given the role of astrocytes in energy metabolism, reactive astrocytes may contribute to altered brain energy metabolism. Astrocytes are primarily considered glycolytic cells, suggesting a preference for lactate production. This study aimed to examine alterations in astrocytic activities and their association with brain lactate levels in AD. METHODS The study included 30 AD and 30 cognitively unimpaired participants. For AD participants, amyloid and tau depositions were confirmed by positron emission tomography using [11 C]PiB and [18 F]florzolotau, respectively. Myo-inositol, an astroglial marker, and lactate in the posterior cingulate cortex were quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolites were compared with plasma biomarkers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein as another astrocytic marker, and amyloid and tau positron emission tomography. RESULTS Myo-inositol and lactate levels were higher in AD patients than in cognitively unimpaired participants (p < 0.05). Myo-inositol levels correlated with lactate levels (r = 0.272, p = 0.047). Myo-inositol and lactate levels were positively associated with the Clinical Dementia Rating sum-of-boxes scores (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were noted between myo-inositol levels and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 levels, and amyloid and tau positron emission tomography accumulation in the posterior cingulate cortex (p < 0.05). INTERPRETATION We found high myo-inositol levels accompanied by increased lactate levels in the posterior cingulate cortex in AD patients, indicating a link between reactive astrocytes and altered brain energy metabolism. Myo-inositol and plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein may reflect similar astrocytic changes as biomarkers of AD. ANN NEUROL 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Hirata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Matsuoka
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Tagai
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hironobu Endo
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Harutsugu Tatebe
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maiko Ono
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naomi Kokubo
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Asaka Oyama
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shinotoh
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Neurology Clinic Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Obata
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Jamie Near
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kazunori Kawamura
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimada
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuhei Takado
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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15
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Wang X, Chen C, Yan J, Xu Y, Pan D, Wang L, Yang M. Druggability of Targets for Diagnostic Radiopharmaceuticals. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1107-1119. [PMID: 37588760 PMCID: PMC10425999 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Targets play an indispensable and pivotal role in the development of radiopharmaceuticals. However, the initial stages of drug discovery projects are often plagued by frequent failures due to inadequate information on druggability and suboptimal target selection. In this context, we aim to present a comprehensive review of the factors that influence target druggability for diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. Specifically, we explore the crucial determinants of target specificity, abundance, localization, and positivity rate and their respective implications. Through a detailed analysis of existing protein targets, we elucidate the significance of each factor. By carefully considering and balancing these factors during the selection of targets, more efficacious and targeted radiopharmaceuticals are expected to be designed for the diagnosis of a wide range of diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Chongyang Chen
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Junjie Yan
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Yuping Xu
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Donghui Pan
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
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16
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Gouilly D, Salabert AS, Bertrand E, Goubeaud M, Catala H, Germain J, Ainaoui N, Rafiq M, Benaiteau M, Carlier J, Nogueira L, Planton M, Hitzel A, Méligne D, Sarton B, Silva S, Lemesle B, Payoux P, Thalamas C, Péran P, Pariente J. Clinical heterogeneity of neuro-inflammatory PET profiles in early Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1189278. [PMID: 37588670 PMCID: PMC10425281 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1189278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between neuroinflammation and cognition remains uncertain in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed a cross-sectional study to assess how neuroinflammation is related to cognition using TSPO PET imaging and a multi-domain neuropsychological assessment. A standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) analysis was performed to measure [18F]-DPA-714 binding using the cerebellar cortex or the whole brain as a (pseudo)reference region. Among 29 patients with early AD, the pattern of neuroinflammation was heterogeneous and exhibited no correlation with cognition at voxel-wise, regional or whole-brain level. The distribution of the SUVR values was independent of sex, APOE phenotype, early and late onset of symptoms and the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. However, we were able to demonstrate a complex dissociation as some patients with similar PET pattern had opposed neuropsychological profiles while other patients with opposite PET profiles had similar neuropsychological presentation. Further studies are needed to explore how this heterogeneity impacts disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Gouilly
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Salabert
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Elsa Bertrand
- Center of Clinical Investigation (CIC 1436), Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Goubeaud
- Center of Clinical Investigation (CIC 1436), Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Catala
- Center of Clinical Investigation (CIC 1436), Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Johanne Germain
- Center of Clinical Investigation (CIC 1436), Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Nadéra Ainaoui
- Center of Clinical Investigation (CIC 1436), Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Rafiq
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Benaiteau
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Jasmine Carlier
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Leonor Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Cytology, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Mélanie Planton
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Hitzel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Déborah Méligne
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamine Sarton
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
- Critical Care Unit, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Stein Silva
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
- Critical Care Unit, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Béatrice Lemesle
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Thalamas
- Center of Clinical Investigation (CIC 1436), Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Péran
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, UMR 1214, Inserm/UPS, Toulouse, France
- Center of Clinical Investigation (CIC 1436), Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, Toulouse Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
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17
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Nieuwland JM, Nutma E, Philippens IHCHM, Böszörményi KP, Remarque EJ, Bakker J, Meijer L, Woerdman N, Fagrouch ZC, Verstrepen BE, Langermans JAM, Verschoor EJ, Windhorst AD, Bontrop RE, de Vries HE, Stammes MA, Middeldorp J. Longitudinal positron emission tomography and postmortem analysis reveals widespread neuroinflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:179. [PMID: 37516868 PMCID: PMC10387202 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients initially develop respiratory symptoms, but they may also suffer from neurological symptoms. People with long-lasting effects after acute infections with severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), i.e., post-COVID syndrome or long COVID, may experience a variety of neurological manifestations. Although we do not fully understand how SARS-CoV-2 affects the brain, neuroinflammation likely plays a role. METHODS To investigate neuroinflammatory processes longitudinally after SARS-CoV-2 infection, four experimentally SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques were monitored for 7 weeks with 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) using [18F]DPA714, together with computed tomography (CT). The baseline scan was compared to weekly PET-CTs obtained post-infection (pi). Brain tissue was collected following euthanasia (50 days pi) to correlate the PET signal with TSPO expression, and glial and endothelial cell markers. Expression of these markers was compared to brain tissue from uninfected animals of comparable age, allowing the examination of the contribution of these cells to the neuroinflammatory response following SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS TSPO PET revealed an increased tracer uptake throughout the brain of all infected animals already from the first scan obtained post-infection (day 2), which increased to approximately twofold until day 30 pi. Postmortem immunohistochemical analysis of the hippocampus and pons showed TSPO expression in cells expressing ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and collagen IV. In the hippocampus of SARS-CoV-2 infected animals the TSPO+ area and number of TSPO+ cells were significantly increased compared to control animals. This increase was not cell type specific, since both the number of IBA1+TSPO+ and GFAP+TSPO+ cells was increased, as well as the TSPO+ area within collagen IV+ blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS This study manifests [18F]DPA714 as a powerful radiotracer to visualize SARS-CoV-2 induced neuroinflammation. The increased uptake of [18F]DPA714 over time implies an active neuroinflammatory response following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This inflammatory signal coincides with an increased number of TSPO expressing cells, including glial and endothelial cells, suggesting neuroinflammation and vascular dysregulation. These results demonstrate the long-term neuroinflammatory response following a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, which potentially precedes long-lasting neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M Nieuwland
- Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Nutma
- Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid H C H M Philippens
- Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Kinga P Böszörményi
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Edmond J Remarque
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco Bakker
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Meijer
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Noor Woerdman
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Zahra C Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Babs E Verstrepen
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Langermans
- Department of Animal Sciences, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
- Department Population Health Sciences, Unit Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam (TCA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E Bontrop
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke A Stammes
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Neurobiology and Aging, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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18
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Cogswell PM, Fan AP. Multimodal comparisons of QSM and PET in neurodegeneration and aging. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120068. [PMID: 37003447 PMCID: PMC10947478 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has been used to study susceptibility changes that may occur based on tissue composition and mineral deposition. Iron is a primary contributor to changes in magnetic susceptibility and of particular interest in applications of QSM to neurodegeneration and aging. Iron can contribute to neurodegeneration through inflammatory processes and via interaction with aggregation of disease-related proteins. To better understand the local susceptibility changes observed on QSM, its signal has been studied in association with other imaging metrics such as positron emission tomography (PET). The associations of QSM and PET may provide insight into the pathophysiology of disease processes, such as the role of iron in aging and neurodegeneration, and help to determine the diagnostic utility of QSM as an indirect indicator of disease processes typically evaluated with PET. In this review we discuss the proposed mechanisms and summarize prior studies of the associations of QSM and amyloid PET, tau PET, TSPO PET, FDG-PET, 15O-PET, and F-DOPA PET in evaluation of neurologic diseases with a focus on aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrice M Cogswell
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Audrey P Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, 1590 Drew Avenue, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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19
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Xia W, Singh N, Goel S, Shi S. Molecular Imaging of Innate Immunity and Immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114865. [PMID: 37182699 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system plays a key role as the first line of defense in various human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. In contrast to tissue biopsies and blood biopsies, in vivo imaging of the innate immune system can provide whole body measurements of immune cell location and function and changes in response to disease progression and therapy. Rationally developed molecular imaging strategies can be used in evaluating the status and spatio-temporal distributions of the innate immune cells in near real-time, mapping the biodistribution of novel innate immunotherapies, monitoring their efficacy and potential toxicities, and eventually for stratifying patients that are likely to benefit from these immunotherapies. In this review, we will highlight the current state-of-the-art in noninvasive imaging techniques for preclinical imaging of the innate immune system particularly focusing on cell trafficking, biodistribution, as well as pharmacokinetics and dynamics of promising immunotherapies in cancer and other diseases; discuss the unmet needs and current challenges in integrating imaging modalities and immunology and suggest potential solutions to overcome these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Xia
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Neetu Singh
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Shreya Goel
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Sixiang Shi
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States.
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Wilson DM, Cookson MR, Van Den Bosch L, Zetterberg H, Holtzman DM, Dewachter I. Hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Cell 2023; 186:693-714. [PMID: 36803602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 235.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research have identified genetic factors and biochemical pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). We present evidence for the following eight hallmarks of NDD: pathological protein aggregation, synaptic and neuronal network dysfunction, aberrant proteostasis, cytoskeletal abnormalities, altered energy homeostasis, DNA and RNA defects, inflammation, and neuronal cell death. We describe the hallmarks, their biomarkers, and their interactions as a framework to study NDDs using a holistic approach. The framework can serve as a basis for defining pathogenic mechanisms, categorizing different NDDs based on their primary hallmarks, stratifying patients within a specific NDD, and designing multi-targeted, personalized therapies to effectively halt NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Wilson
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; UW Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ilse Dewachter
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
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21
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Risacher SL, Apostolova LG. Neuroimaging in Dementia. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2023; 29:219-254. [PMID: 36795879 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurodegenerative diseases are significant health concerns with regard to morbidity and social and economic hardship around the world. This review describes the state of the field of neuroimaging measures as biomarkers for detection and diagnosis of both slowly progressing and rapidly progressing neurodegenerative diseases, specifically Alzheimer disease, vascular cognitive impairment, dementia with Lewy bodies or Parkinson disease dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum disorders, and prion-related diseases. It briefly discusses findings in these diseases in studies using MRI and metabolic and molecular-based imaging (eg, positron emission tomography [PET] and single-photon emission computerized tomography [SPECT]). LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Neuroimaging studies with MRI and PET have demonstrated differential patterns of brain atrophy and hypometabolism in different neurodegenerative disorders, which can be useful in differential diagnoses. Advanced MRI sequences, such as diffusion-based imaging, and functional MRI (fMRI) provide important information about underlying biological changes in dementia and new directions for development of novel measures for future clinical use. Finally, advancements in molecular imaging allow clinicians and researchers to visualize dementia-related proteinopathies and neurotransmitter levels. ESSENTIAL POINTS Diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases is primarily based on symptomatology, although the development of in vivo neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers is changing the scope of clinical diagnosis, as well as the research into these devastating diseases. This article will help inform the reader about the current state of neuroimaging in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as how these tools might be used for differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Risacher
- Address correspondence to Dr Shannon L. Risacher, 355 W 16th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202,
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Doot RK, Young AJ, Nasrallah IM, Wetherill RR, Siderowf A, Mach RH, Dubroff JG. [ 18F]NOS PET Brain Imaging Suggests Elevated Neuroinflammation in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:3081. [PMID: 36231041 PMCID: PMC9563966 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is implicated as a key pathologic mechanism in many neurodegenerative diseases and is thought to be mediated in large part by microglia, native phagocytic immune cells of the CNS. Abnormal aggregation of the protein α-synuclein after phagocytosis by microglia is one possible neuropathophysiological mechanism driving Parkinson's disease (PD). We conducted a human pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of targeting the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase using the [18F]NOS radiotracer to measure neuroinflammation in idiopathic PD. Ten adults consisting of 6 PD patients and 4 healthy controls (HC) underwent one hour of dynamic [18F]NOS positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging with arterial blood sampling. We observed increased [18F]NOS whole brain distribution volume (VT) in PD patients compared to age-matched healthy controls (p < 0.008) via a 1-tissue compartment (TC) model. The rate constant K1 for transport from blood into tissue did not differ between groups (p = 0.72). These findings suggest elevated oxidative stress, a surrogate marker of inflammation, is present in early-stage idiopathic PD and indicate that [18F]NOS PET imaging is a promising, non-invasive method to measure neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. Doot
- Division of Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Therapy, Department of Radiology in the Perelman, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anthony J. Young
- Division of Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Therapy, Department of Radiology in the Perelman, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ilya M. Nasrallah
- Division of Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Therapy, Department of Radiology in the Perelman, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Reagan R. Wetherill
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Division of Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Therapy, Department of Radiology in the Perelman, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacob G. Dubroff
- Division of Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Therapy, Department of Radiology in the Perelman, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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23
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Dual PET-fMRI reveals a link between neuroinflammation, amyloid binding and compensatory task-related brain activity in Alzheimer's disease. Commun Biol 2022; 5:804. [PMID: 35948611 PMCID: PMC9365841 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay among neuropathological mechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as neuroinflammation and amyloid-beta (Aβ), as well their impact on neuronal function remains elusive. A major gap in knowledge is the functional impact of neuroinflammation. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), as the most prominent site of amyloid pathology in AD, is a pivotal region to investigate the concomitant presence of pathophysiological mechanisms such as microglia activation, indexing neuroinflammation, and changes in task related activity. Here we used a dual PET approach to simultaneously study Aβ load and neuroinflammation (TSPO uptake marker), using 11C-PiB and 11C-PK11195 radiotracers, respectively and fMRI to study task related neural activation in an AD sample (n = 19) and matched controls (n = 19). Here we show significantly increased Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation and brain activity related to a visual object working memory task in this key region. Microglia activation was associated with increased brain activity specifically in patients, independently of amyloid binding, raising the possibility that abnormal brain activity might be restored in clinical trials aimed at reducing microglia activation. Multimodal PET-fMRI imaging of Alzheimer’s disease patients and healthy controls suggests that microglia activation in the posterior cingulate cortex is associated with increased brain activity in Alzheimer’s disease, and independent of amyloid accumulation.
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24
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Meijer L, Böszörményi KP, Bakker J, Koopman G, Mooij P, Verel D, Fagrouch Z, Verstrepen BE, Funke U, Mooijer MPJ, Langermans JAM, Verschoor EJ, Windhorst AD, Stammes MA. Novel application of [ 18F]DPA714 for visualizing the pulmonary inflammation process of SARS-CoV-2-infection in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Nucl Med Biol 2022; 112-113:1-8. [PMID: 35660200 PMCID: PMC9148436 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rationale The aim of this study was to investigate the application of [18F]DPA714 to visualize the inflammation process in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus monkeys, focusing on the presence of pulmonary lesions, activation of mediastinal lymph nodes and surrounded lung tissue. Methods Four experimentally SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus monkeys were followed for seven weeks post infection (pi) with a weekly PET-CT using [18F]DPA714. Two PET images, 10 min each, of a single field-of-view covering the chest area, were obtained 10 and 30 min after injection. To determine the infection process swabs, blood and bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) were obtained. Results All animals were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in both the swabs and BALs on multiple timepoints pi. The initial development of pulmonary lesions was already detected at the first scan, performed 2-days pi. PET revealed an increased tracer uptake in the pulmonary lesions and mediastinal lymph nodes of all animals from the first scan obtained after infection and onwards. However, also an increased uptake was detected in the lung tissue surrounding the lesions, which persisted until day 30 and then subsided by day 37–44 pi. In parallel, a similar pattern of increased expression of activation markers was observed on dendritic cells in blood. Principal conclusions This study illustrates that [18F]DPA714 is a valuable radiotracer to visualize SARS-CoV-2-associated pulmonary inflammation, which coincided with activation of dendritic cells in blood. [18F]DPA714 thus has the potential to be of added value as diagnostic tracer for other viral respiratory infections. [18F]DPA714 PET can visualize alterations in the lungs after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. The PET signal increases in unaffected lung tissue till day 30 post infection. Dendritic cell activation in blood is increased till day 30/37 post infection
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Meijer
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | | | - Jaco Bakker
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Petra Mooij
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Verel
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | | | - Uta Funke
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam (TCA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martien P J Mooijer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam (TCA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Langermans
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands; Population Health Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Utrect University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tracer Center Amsterdam (TCA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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