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Li H, Wang Z, Feng B, Shi J, Liao M, He K, Tian H, Megharaj M, He W. Arsenic stress on soil microbial nutrient metabolism interpreted by microbial utilization of dissolved organic carbon. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134232. [PMID: 38593666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In a 120-day microcosm incubation experiment, we investigated the impact of arsenic contamination on soil microbial nutrient metabolism, focusing on carbon cycling processes. Our study encompassed soil basal respiration, key enzyme activities (particularly, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase and phosphatases), microbial biomass, and community structure. Results revealed a substantial increase (1.21-2.81 times) in β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities under arsenic stress, accompanied by a significant decrease (9.86%-45.20%) in phosphatase activities (sum of acid and alkaline phosphatases). Enzymatic stoichiometry analysis demonstrated the mitigation of microbial C and P requirements in response to arsenic stress. The addition of C-sources alleviated microbial C requirements but exacerbated P requirements, with the interference amplitude increasing with the complexity of the C-source. Network analysis unveiled altered microbial nutrient requirements and an increased resistance process of microbes under arsenic stress. Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) and basal respiration significantly increased (1.17-1.59 and 1.18-3.56 times, respectively) under heavy arsenic stress (500 mg kg-1). Arsenic stress influenced the relative abundances of microbial taxa, with Gemmatimonadota increasing (5.5-50.5%) and Bacteroidota/ Nitrospirota decreasing (31.4-47.9% and 31.2-63.7%). Application of C-sources enhanced microbial resistance to arsenic, promoting cohesion among microorganisms. These findings deepen our understanding of microbial nutrient dynamics in arsenic-contaminated areas, which is crucial for developing enzyme-based toxicity assessment systems for soil arsenic contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayong Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziquan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingcong Feng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Shi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Maoyuan Liao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kangming He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixia Tian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Wenxiang He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Tan C, Wang C, Zhou T, Pang X, Zhao K, Zhou Z. Mineral protection mediates soil carbon temperature sensitivity of nine old-growth temperate forests across the latitude transect. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171754. [PMID: 38494010 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil microbial respiration serves as a crucial indicator for assessing the response of soil organic carbon (SOC) to global warming. However, the biogeographic variation in Q10 remains inconsistent. In this study, we examined Q10 and its potential drivers in nine old-growth mixed broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) forests (the climax community of Asian temperate mixed forest) under a wide range of climatic conditions. We found that stand characteristics (arbuscular mycorrhizal tree basal area to ectomycorrhizal tree basal area ratio and root to shoot ratio) contributed to soil C sequestration by facilitating the accumulation of soil recalcitrant C components. Contrary to the C quality-temperature hypothesis, Q10 was not correlated with C quality (soil C to nitrogen ratio and recalcitrant C to labile C ratio). Soil mineral protection parameters (Fe/Al oxides) had negative effect on Q10 because they inhibited microbial activities by decreasing substrate accessibility. Additionally, soils with high microbial biomass C and microbial biomass C to soil organic C ratio had high Q10. Overall, understanding the complex relationships among Q10, mineral protection, and microbial attributes on a spatial scale is essential for accurately predicting soil C cycling in forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqiao Tan
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management - Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management - Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management - Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xuesen Pang
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management - Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kaige Zhao
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management - Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhenghu Zhou
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management - Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Xing Y, Qiu J, Chen J, Cheng D, Yin Q, Chen X, Xu L, Zheng P. Unveiling hidden interactions: Microorganisms, enzymes, and mangroves at different stages of succession in the Shankou Mangrove Nature Reserve, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171340. [PMID: 38438047 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between microorganisms, soil extracellular enzymes, and mangroves is crucial for conserving and restoring mangrove ecosystems. However, the unique environments associated with mangroves have resulted in a lack of pertinent data regarding the interactions between these components. Root, stem, leaf, and soil samples were collected at three distinct stages of mangrove succession. Stoichiometry was employed to analyze the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents of these samples and to quantify extracellular enzyme activities, microbial biomass, and various physicochemical factors in the soil. The results showed that the trends of C, N, and P in the mangrove plants were consistent. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) were the highest in the Kandelia obovate community. Catalase (CAT) and β-D-G showed the highest content in K. obovate and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, whereas cellulase showed the opposite trend. Urease was least abundant in the K. obovate community, whereas neutral protease (NPR) and acid phosphatase (ACP) were most abundant. The overall soil environment in mangroves exhibited a state of N limitation, with varying degrees of limitation observed across different succession stages. The demand for P became more intense in the later stages of succession, particularly in the K. obovate and B. gymnorrhiza communities. In conjunction with correlation analysis, it indicated that the input of mangrove plant litter had a significant regulatory influence on the C, N, and P contents in the soil. There was a significant positive correlation between MBC, MBN, and MBP, indicating synergistic effects of C, N, and P on soil microorganisms. Therefore, evaluating the nutrient ratios and sufficiency of mangroves allowed us to comprehensively understand the present environmental conditions. This study aims to develop sustainable management strategies for the conservation and restoration of mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongze Xing
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536000, China.
| | - Dewei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Qunjian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536015, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Beihai 536000, China
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Song Z, Zuo X, Zhao X, Qiao J, Ya H, Li X, Yue P, Chen M, Wang S, Medina-Roldán E. Plant functional traits mediate the response magnitude of plant-litter-soil microbial C: N: P stoichiometry to nitrogen addition in a desert steppe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169915. [PMID: 38190901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Global nitrogen deposition is significantly altering the carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in terrestrial ecosystems, yet how N deposition simultaneously affects plant-litter-soil-soil microbial stoichiometry in arid grassland is still unclear. In a five-year experimental study conducted in a desert steppe in Northern China, we investigated the effects of N addition on the C:N:P stoichiometry of plants, litter, soil, and soil microbes. We also used structural equation modelling (SEM) exploring the direct or indirect effects of N addition, plant species diversity, functional traits and diversity, soil microbial diversity, soil pH, soil electrical conductivity (EC) and moisture on the stoichiometry in plant-soil system. The results showed that N addition increased the N, P concentrations and N:P in plants, the N concentration and N:P in litter, and the C, N concentrations, C:P and N:P in microbes. Conversely, it decreased the C:N and C:P in plants, and litter C:N. Functional traits, functional dispersion (FDis), soil pH and EC accounted for a substantial proportion of the observed variations in elemental concentrations (from 42 % to 69 %) and stoichiometry (from 9 % to 73 %) across different components. SEM results showed that N addition decreased C:N and C:P in plants and litter by increasing FDis and leaf N content, while increased plant and litter N:P by decreasing leaf C content and increasing specific leaf area, respectively. Furthermore, N addition increased microbial C:P by increasing leaf thickness. We also found the mediating effects of soil pH and EC on C:N, C:P of litter and microbial N:P. Overall, our research suggests that plant functional traits as key predictors of nutrient cycling responses in desert steppes under N addition. This study extends the application of plant functional traits, enhances our understanding of C and nutrient cycling and facilitates predicting the response of desert steppes to N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Song
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoan Zuo
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou 730000, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China.
| | - Xueyong Zhao
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou 730000, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Jingjuan Qiao
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hu Ya
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Min Chen
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Eduardo Medina-Roldán
- Institute of BioEconomy-National Research Council (IBE-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
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Qiu M, Wang Y, Sun C, Gao X. Dry-wet cycling area enhances soil ecosystem multifunctionality in the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones of the Caohai Lake in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:116363-116375. [PMID: 37910349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The microbial need for nutrient resources can be assessed by soil extracellular enzymes and their stoichiometry. Changes in lake water levels affect land use and nutrient management in the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones of the lakeshore. However, the drivers of changes in microbial nutrient limitation under different inundation gradients in the lake's aquatic-terrestrial ecotones remain unclear. Here, based on vector analysis, we assessed microbial nutrient limitation by studying soil enzyme activities in four different inundation zones (heavy, moderate, mild, and non-inundation) in the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones of Caohai Lake. The findings indicate that inundation conditions significantly influenced the soil properties and enzyme activities. The mean nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition enzymes were higher in both moderate inundation (Mod-inu) and mild inundation (Mil-inu) zone soils, indicating rapid N and P turnover rates in these two zones. However, microorganisms had higher carbon requirements and higher enzyme C:N and vector lengths in heavily inundated compared to lightly inundated. Compared to the non-inundation zone, the microbial phosphorus limitation was found to be most severe in heavy inundation (Hea-inu) and Mod-inu zones. Decreased phosphorus limitation following the inundation weakens could be contributed to improving soil ecosystem multifunctionality. The alterations in the soil extracellular enzymes and stoichiometric characteristics in various inundation zones were primarily influenced by factors such as soil moisture content, available phosphorus, and nitrate nitrogen. Overall, the Mod-inu and Mil-inu zones can better maintain the multifunctionality of the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems; special attention should be given to the microbial phosphorus limitation in the Hea-inu zone in order to effectively manage nutrients and restore soil ecosystems in the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosheng Qiu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Caili Sun
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Xiaoye Gao
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Awoonor JK, Dogbey BF, Salis I. Human-induced land use changes and phosphorus limitation affect soil microbial biomass and ecosystem stoichiometry. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290687. [PMID: 37647326 PMCID: PMC10468095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil and microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) play an important role in soil nutrient dynamics in biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems. However, increased human activities as a result of agricultural intensification on soil nutrients and microbial C:N:P stoichiometry are poorly understood in this fragile forest-savanna transition agroecosystem. This study aimed to (i) assess soil and microbial C, N, and P stoichiometry in different land use systems, and (ii) examine the effect of soil and microbial C, N, and P stoichiometry on soils susceptible to human-induced land use changes. A total of 82 composite soil samples at a depth of 0-20 cm were sampled from forest, savanna, grassland, fallow and cropland for laboratory analysis. The results revealed that the concentrations of C, N, and P were low in Fallow and Cropland compared to other land use systems. Analysis of variance in microbial C, N, and P stoichiometric ratios revealed a significant decreasing tendency compared to soil C:N, C:P and N:P ratios with no statistical significance (p < 0.05). The C:P and N:P ratios were low compared to the C:N ratio in land uses. A significant positive correlation was observed between MBC and MBN (0.95; p < 0.01), and with C and N (0.69; p < 0.01). There were significant interactive effects of land use on soil and microbial variables. The estimated microbial C:N:P stoichiometric ratios (21:2:1) were well constrained in the study area. The transition from Forest to Cropland resulted in 64%, 52%, and 71% reduction in C, N, and P, respectively. This implies that phosphorus is the main factor limiting productivity. The low availability of phosphorus in these tropical soils may have resulted in low C:P and N:P ratios. Therefore, we conclude that our results highlight the importance of phosphorus limitation on ratios of microbial C:P and N:P in landuse systems. Nutrient inputs such as fertilizers, manure and crop residues should be applied to croplands to improve soil and microbial C, N and P levels. Further, effects of land use on soil nutrient status and stoichiometry at 1-meter depth will be considered in our future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Kofi Awoonor
- Soil Genesis, Survey and Classification Division, CSIR-Soil Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Bright Fafali Dogbey
- Department of Soil Resources Management, CSIR-College of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ibrahim Salis
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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Ullah S, Raza MM, Abbas T, Guan X, Zhou W, He P. Responses of soil microbial communities and enzyme activities under nitrogen addition in fluvo-aquic and black soil of North China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1249471. [PMID: 37664123 PMCID: PMC10469899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1249471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This research investigates the impact of long-term nitrogen (N) addition on fluvo-aquic and black soils in north China, with a focus on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities. In each site, there were three N fertilization treatments, i.e., control, moderate-N, and high-N. Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis was employed to analyze the microbial community composition, and enzyme activities related to N, carbon (C), and phosphorus (P) cycling were assessed. The results showed that increasing N fertilization levels led to higher soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) concentrations, indicating enhanced nutrient availability. N fertilization reduced soil pH across both soils, with a more pronounced acidification effect observed in the black soil. Across both soils, N addition increased maize yield, but the higher crop yield was attained in moderate-N rate compared with high-N rate. Microbial community composition analysis revealed that N fertilization induced shifts in the relative abundances of specific microbial groups. The black soil exhibited pronounced shifts in the microbial groups compared to the fluvo-aquic soil, i.e., decreased fungal abundance and fungi: bacteria ratio in response to N input. In addition, the application of N fertilizer led to an elevated ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative (GP:GN) bacteria, but this effect was observed only in black soil. N fertilization had an impact on the enzyme activities related to C, N, and P cycling in both soil types, but black soil showed more pronounced changes in enzyme activities. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that soil types rather than N fertilization mediated the response of the soil microbial community and enzyme activities. Partial least square path modeling demonstrated that soil pH was the only key driver impacting soil microbial groups and enzyme activities in both soils. In conclusion, our findings highlighted that N fertilization exerted more pronounced impacts on soil biochemical properties, microbial community composition, and enzyme activities in black soil furthermore, moderate N rate resulted in higher crop productivity over high N rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ullah
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
- ORIC, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Raza
- Soil Environment and Chemistry Program, Land Resources Research Institute National Agriculture Research Center, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Abbas
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Guan
- Mosaic Fertilizers (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ping He
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
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Li S, Yang S, Wei X, Jiao S, Luo W, Chen W, Wei G. Reduced trace gas oxidizers as a response to organic carbon availability linked to oligotrophs in desert fertile islands. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1257-1266. [PMID: 37253970 PMCID: PMC10356767 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric trace gases, such as H2 and CO, are important energy sources for microbial growth and maintenance in various ecosystems, especially in arid deserts with little organic substrate. Nonetheless, the impact of soil organic C availability on microbial trace gas oxidation and the underlying mechanisms are unclear at the community level. This study investigated the energy and life-history strategies of soil microbiomes along an organic C gradient inside and out of Hedysarum scoparium islands dispersed in the Mu Us Desert, China. Metagenomic analysis showed that with increasing organic C availability from bare areas into "fertile islands", the abundance of trace gas oxidizers (TGOs) decreased, but that of trace gas nonoxidizers (TGNOs) increased. The variation in their abundance was more related to labile/soluble organic C levels than to stable/insoluble organic C levels. The consumption rates of H2 and CO confirmed that organic C addition, especially soluble organic C addition, inhibited microbial trace gas oxidation. Moreover, microorganisms with distinct energy-acquiring strategies showed different life-history traits. The TGOs had lower 16 S rRNA operon copy numbers, lower predicted maximum growth rates and higher proportions of labile C degradation genes, implying the prevalence of oligotrophs. In contrast, copiotrophs were prevalent in the TGNOs. These results revealed a mechanism for the microbial community to adapt to the highly heterogeneous distribution of C resources by adjusting the abundances of taxa with distinct energy and life-history strategies, which would further affect trace gas consumption and C turnover in desert ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Yan B, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Rong X, Peng J, Fei J, Luo G. Biochar amendments combined with organic fertilizer improve maize productivity and mitigate nutrient loss by regulating the C-N-P stoichiometry of soil, microbiome, and enzymes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138293. [PMID: 36870619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coupled amendments of biochar and organic fertilizers may be one of the effective practice to ensure high cropland productivity and resource use efficiency, but there is little field-based evidence for this. Herein, we employed a eight-years (2014-2021) field experiment to explore the effectiveness of biochar and organic fertilizer amendments on crop productivity and nutrient runoff losses, as well as to further explored their relationships with the carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry of soil, microbiome, and enzymes. Experiment treatments include No fertilizer (CK), chemical-only fertilizer (CF), CF + biochar (CF + B), 20% chemical N was replaced by organic fertilizer (OF), and OF + biochar (OF + B). Compared with the CF, the CF + B, OF, and OF + B treatments increased average yield by 11.5%, 13.2%, and 32%, average N use efficiency by 37.2%, 58.6%, and 81.4%, average P use efficiency by 44.8%, 55.1%, and 118.6%, average plant N uptake by 19.7%, 35.6%, and 44.3%, as well as average plant P uptake by 18.4%, 23.1%, and 44.3%, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Compared with the CF, the CF + B, OF, and OF + B decreased average average total N losses by 65.2%, 97.4%, and 241.2%, and average total P losses by 52.9%, 77.1%, and 119.7%, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Organic-amended treatments (CF + B, OF, and OF + B) significantly changed soil total and available C, N, and P content, soil microbial C, N, and P content, as well as the potential activities of soil C-, N-, and P-acquiring enzymes. Plant P uptake and P-acquiring enzyme activity were the main drivers of maize yield, which was influenced by the contents and stoichiometric ratios of soil available C, N, and P. These findings suggest that organic fertilizer applications combined with biochar have the potential to maintain high crop yields while reducing nutrient losses by regulating the stoichiometric balance of soil available C and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojing Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Yizhe Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiangmin Rong
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jianwei Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiangchi Fei
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Gongwen Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Changsha, 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha, 410128, China
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10
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Murúa JM, Gaxiola A. Variability in terrestrial litter decomposition can be explained by nutrient allocation strategies among soil decomposer communities. Funct Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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11
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Zhang H, Churchill AC, Anderson IC, Igwenagu C, Power SA, Plett JM, Macdonald CA, Pendall E, Carrillo Y, Powell JR. Ecological stoichiometry and fungal community turnover reveal variation among mycorrhizal partners in their responses to warming and drought. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:229-243. [PMID: 34779067 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Symbiotic fungi mediate important energy and nutrient transfers in terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental change can lead to shifts in communities of symbiotic fungi, but the consequences of these shifts for nutrient dynamics among symbiotic partners are poorly understood. Here, we assessed variation in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in tissues of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and a host plant (Medicago sativa) in response to experimental warming and drought. We linked compositional shifts in AM fungal communities in roots and soil to variation in hyphal chemistry by using high-throughput DNA sequencing and joint species distribution modelling. Compared to plants, AM hyphae was 43% lower in (C) and 24% lower in (N) but more than nine times higher in (P), with significantly lower C:N, C:P and N:P ratios. Warming and drought resulted in increases in (P) and reduced C:P and N:P ratios in all tissues, indicating fungal P accumulation was exacerbated by climate-associated stress. Warming and drought modified the composition of AM fungal communities, and many of the AM fungal genera that were linked to shifts in mycelial chemistry were also negatively impacted by climate variation. Our study offers a unified framework to link climate change, fungal community composition, and community-level functional traits. Thus, our study provides insight into how environmental change can alter ecosystem functions via the promotion or reduction of fungal taxa with different stoichiometric characteristics and responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amber C Churchill
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chioma Igwenagu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catriona A Macdonald
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yolima Carrillo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeff R Powell
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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12
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Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake Stoichiometry Tracks Supply Ratio During 2-year Whole-Ecosystem Nutrient Additions. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Yu S, Liu X, Chen X, Sun M, Cao Y, Hu J, Yang L, Hu J. Effects of shrub encroachment on grassland community and soil nutrients among three typical shrubby grasslands in the alpine subhumid region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1068200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe alpine meadows are distributed widely and play a vital role in ecosystem service functions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Under the combined effect of climate change and overgrazing, shrubs display an apparent expansion trend, leading to the shrinking of alpine meadows, and directly affecting the structure and function of grassland ecosystems. However, the effects of shrub encroachment on the plant community and soil nutrients of alpine grassland ecosystems still need to be clarified.MethodWe aimed to determine differences in vegetation characteristics and nutrient distribution along the soil profile between shrub patches and their adjacent grassland at three sites, which were three typical types of shrub-encroached grassland, including Spiraea alpina Pall. (SA), Lonicera tubuliflora Rehd. (LT), and Salix cupularis Rehd. (ST).ResultsThe results showed that shrub invasion changed the plant community structure of alpine grassland ecosystems, and shrub type was the critical factor driving this alteration. The expansion of the three shrubs reduced grassland species diversity. Shrub encroachment in SA positively impacted vegetation biomass but significantly decreased the soil organic content (SOC) and total nutrients. Shrub invasion in the ST had the most substantial impact on vegetation and soil, resulting in significantly lower nutrient content in shrubs than in grassland patches. The effect of LT was a significant reduction in vegetation biomass but no significant changes in biodiversity or soil nutrients. Grassland patches were more strongly correlated than shrub patches for SA and LT, while the opposite was true for ST. Vegetation characteristics were correlated least with soil nutrients for SA, while ST was most correlated, and LT was between them. Soil nutrients show more positive correlations with vegetation, enzyme activity, and microbial biomass in deeper soils (20–100 cm) than in shallow soils (0–20 cm). The deeper the soil layer is, the more significant the positive correlations in the shrub patches. Our findings indicated that shrubs play critical roles in the dynamics of vegetation patterns and soil environments for managing and sustainable utilization of shrubby alpine grasslands.
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Liang XS, Ma W, Hu JX, Zhang BC, Wang ZW, Lü XT. Extreme drought exacerbates plant nitrogen‑phosphorus imbalance in nitrogen enriched grassland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157916. [PMID: 35963412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen‑phosphorus (N-P) imbalance induced by N enrichment has received increasing concerns, because N:P ratios play a critical role in driving many fundamental ecological processes. Given the simultaneous occurrence of different global change drivers, it is important to understand whether and how would such N-induced N-P imbalance would be mediated by other global change factors. We examined the interactive effects of N addition (10 g N m-2 yr-1) and extreme drought (-66 % rainfall during the growing season) on species- and community-level N:P ratios in both green and senesced leaves in a temperate grassland of northern China. Extreme drought did not alter soil available N:P ratio under ambient N conditions, but increased that under N enriched conditions. Further, extreme drought did not alter the community-level N:P in both green and senesced leaves under ambient N conditions but significantly enhanced that under N enriched conditions. The drought-induced species turnover made a significant positive contribution to the changes in the community-level N:P ratio under N enriched conditions, but not under ambient N conditions. Our results suggest that the N-induced ecosystem N-P imbalance would be exacerbated by extreme drought event, the frequency of which is predicted to increase across global drylands. Such N-P imbalance would have consequences on litter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and the structures of above- and below-ground food webs. Our findings highlighted the complexity in predicting ecosystem N-P imbalance given the interactions between different global change drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Sa Liang
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wang Ma
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jia-Xin Hu
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing-Chuan Zhang
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Wang
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Lü
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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15
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Wang Z, Cébron A, Baillard V, Danger M. Nitrogen to phosphorus ratio shapes the bacterial communities involved in cellulose decomposition and copper contamination alters their stoichiometric demands. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6696375. [PMID: 36095133 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
All living organisms theoretically have an optimal stoichiometric nitrogen: phosphorus (N: P) ratio, below and beyond which their growth is affected, but data remain scarce for microbial decomposers. Here, we evaluated optimal N: P ratios of microbial communities involved in cellulose decomposition and assessed their stability when exposed to copper Cu(II). We hypothesized that (1) cellulose decomposition is maximized for an optimal N: P ratio; (2) copper exposure reduces cellulose decomposition and (3) increases microbial optimal N: P ratio; and (4) N: P ratio and copper modify the structure of microbial decomposer communities. We measured cellulose disc decomposition by a natural inoculum in microcosms exposed to a gradient of N: P ratios at three copper concentrations (0, 1 and 15 µM). Bacteria were most probably the main decomposers. Without copper, cellulose decomposition was maximized at an N: P molar ratio of 4.7. Contrary to expectations, at high copper concentration, the optimal N: P ratio (2.8) and the range of N: P ratios allowing decomposition were significantly reduced and accompanied by a reduction of bacterial diversity. Copper contamination led to the development of tolerant taxa probably less efficient in decomposing cellulose. Our results shed new light on the understanding of multiple stressor effects on microbial decomposition in an increasingly stoichiometrically imbalanced world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Wang
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France
| | - Aurélie Cébron
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Michael Danger
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000, Metz, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75000, Paris, France
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16
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Chakrawal A, Calabrese S, Herrmann AM, Manzoni S. Interacting Bioenergetic and Stoichiometric Controls on Microbial Growth. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:859063. [PMID: 35656001 PMCID: PMC9152356 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.859063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms function as open systems that exchange matter and energy with their surrounding environment. Even though mass (carbon and nutrients) and energy exchanges are tightly linked, there is a lack of integrated approaches that combine these fluxes and explore how they jointly impact microbial growth. Such links are essential to predicting how the growth rate of microorganisms varies, especially when the stoichiometry of carbon- (C) and nitrogen (N)-uptake is not balanced. Here, we present a theoretical framework to quantify the microbial growth rate for conditions of C-, N-, and energy-(co-) limitations. We use this framework to show how the C:N ratio and the degree of reduction of the organic matter (OM), which is also the electron donor, availability of electron acceptors (EAs), and the different sources of N together control the microbial growth rate under C, nutrient, and energy-limited conditions. We show that the growth rate peaks at intermediate values of the degree of reduction of OM under oxic and C-limited conditions, but not under N-limited conditions. Under oxic conditions and with N-poor OM, the growth rate is higher when the inorganic N (NInorg)-source is ammonium compared to nitrate due to the additional energetic cost involved in nitrate reduction. Under anoxic conditions, when nitrate is both EA and NInorg-source, the growth rates of denitrifiers and microbes performing the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) are determined by both OM degree of reduction and nitrate-availability. Consistent with the data, DNRA is predicted to foster growth under extreme nitrate-limitation and with a reduced OM, whereas denitrifiers are favored as nitrate becomes more available and in the presence of oxidized OM. Furthermore, the growth rate is reduced when catabolism is coupled to low energy yielding EAs (e.g., sulfate) because of the low carbon use efficiency (CUE). However, the low CUE also decreases the nutrient demand for growth, thereby reducing N-limitation. We conclude that bioenergetics provides a useful conceptual framework for explaining growth rates under different metabolisms and multiple resource-limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Chakrawal
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Salvatore Calabrese
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Anke M Herrmann
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Fanin N, Mooshammer M, Sauvadet M, Meng C, Alvarez G, Bernard L, Bertrand I, Blagodatskaya E, Bon L, Fontaine S, Niu S, Lashermes G, Maxwell TL, Weintraub M, Wingate L, Moorhead D, Nottingham A. Soil enzymes in response to climate warming: mechanisms and feedbacks. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fanin
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Maria Mooshammer
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
| | - Marie Sauvadet
- CIRAD UPR GECO F97285 Le Lamentin, Martinique France
- CIRAD, GECO Univ Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Cheng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Gaël Alvarez
- INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne VetAgro Sup UMR Ecosystème Prairial 63000 Clermont Ferrand France
| | - Laëtitia Bernard
- INRAE IRD, CIRAD Institut Agro Univ Montpellier UMR Eco&Sols Montpellier France
| | - Isabelle Bertrand
- INRAE IRD, CIRAD Institut Agro Univ Montpellier UMR Eco&Sols Montpellier France
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Halle, Saale Germany
- Agro‐Technological Institute RUDN University Moscow Russia
| | - Lucie Bon
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- INRAE Université Clermont Auvergne VetAgro Sup UMR Ecosystème Prairial 63000 Clermont Ferrand France
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Gwenaelle Lashermes
- INRAE Université de Reims Champagne‐Ardenne UMR A 614 FARE 51097 Reims France
| | - Tania L. Maxwell
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | | | - Lisa Wingate
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR 1391 ISPA 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032 F33882 Villenave‐d’Ornon cedex France
| | - Daryl Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo 2801 W. Bancroft St Toledo Ohio 43606‐3390 USA
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18
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Zhou Y, Wang L, Chen Y, Zhang J, Xu Z, Guo L, Wang L, You C, Tan B, Zhang L, Chen L, Xiao J, Zhu P, Liu Y. Temporal dynamics of mixed litter humification in an alpine treeline ecotone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150122. [PMID: 34525692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Loss of plant diversity affects mountain ecosystem properties and processes, yet few studies have focused on the impact of plant function type deficiency on mixed litter humification. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a 1279-day litterbag decomposition experiment with six plant functional types of foliar litter to determine the temporal dynamic characteristics of mixed litter humification in a coniferous forest (CF) and an alpine shrubland (AS). The results indicated that the humus concentrations, the net accumulations and their relative mixed effects (RME) of most types were higher in CF than those in AS at 146 days, and humus net accumulations fell to approximately -80% of the initial level within 1279 days. The RME of the total humus and humic acid concentrations exhibited a general change from synergistic to antagonistic effects over time, but the mixing of single plant functional type impeded the formation of fulvic acid due to consistently exhibited antagonistic effects. Ultimately, correlation analysis indicated that environmental factors (temperature, snow depth and freeze-thaw cycles) significantly hindered litter humification in the early stage, while some initial quality factors drove this process at a longer scale. Among these aspects, the concentrations of zinc, copper and iron, as well as acid-unhydrolyzable residue (AUR):nitrogen and AUR:phosphorous, stimulated humus accumulation, while water-soluble extractables, potassium, magnesium and aluminium hampered it. Deficiencies in a single plant functional type and vegetation type variations affected litter humification at the alpine treeline, which will further affect soil carbon sequestration, which is of great significance for understanding the material circulation of alpine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Long-term Research Station of Alpine Ecosystems, Key laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, Institute of Ecology & Forests, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Long-term Research Station of Alpine Ecosystems, Key laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, Institute of Ecology & Forests, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yamei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Long-term Research Station of Alpine Ecosystems, Key laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, Institute of Ecology & Forests, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xu
- Long-term Research Station of Alpine Ecosystems, Key laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, Institute of Ecology & Forests, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Long-term Research Station of Alpine Ecosystems, Key laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, Institute of Ecology & Forests, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengming You
- Long-term Research Station of Alpine Ecosystems, Key laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, Institute of Ecology & Forests, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Long-term Research Station of Alpine Ecosystems, Key laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, Institute of Ecology & Forests, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Long-term Research Station of Alpine Ecosystems, Key laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, Institute of Ecology & Forests, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - LiangHua Chen
- Long-term Research Station of Alpine Ecosystems, Key laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, Institute of Ecology & Forests, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - JiuJin Xiao
- Long-term Research Station of Alpine Ecosystems, Key laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, Institute of Ecology & Forests, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Long-term Research Station of Alpine Ecosystems, Key laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, Institute of Ecology & Forests, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Long-term Research Station of Alpine Ecosystems, Key laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering of Sichuan Province, Institute of Ecology & Forests, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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19
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康 巍. Research Progress on the Effects of Nitrogen Addition on Soil and Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.12677/ije.2022.112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Huang Y, Dai Z, Lin J, Qi Q, Luo Y, Dahlgren RA, Xu J. Contrasting effects of carbon source recalcitrance on soil phosphorus availability and communities of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113426. [PMID: 34343746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C) additions to soil interact through chemical and microbiological processes to cause changes in soil phosphorus (P) availability. However, the response of soil P transformations and relevant microbial communities to C additions having different degrees of recalcitrance remains uncertain. We studied the effects of glucose, hemicellulose and lignin addition on soil P availability, P transformation processes and relevant microbial activity and communities in a P-deficient flooded soil. Lignin significantly increased soil available P concentrations, which was attributed to chemical release of inorganic P and increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Glucose and hemicellulose additions stimulated microbial metabolism of C thereby enhancing microbial demand for P, with increased soil P availability especially in the early incubation period. Glucose or hemicellulose addition changed soil microbial diversity and community composition, leading to enhanced growth and interactions of P solubilizing microorganisms such as Desulfitobacterium, Bacillus and Desulfosporosinus. Our results infer the importance of pH alteration and competitive sorption between PO4 and functional groups of recalcitrant C (e.g., lignin) with Fe/Al (hydr) oxides in regulating soil P availability. Further, the microbial response to labile C additions led to increased P availability in the P-deficient soil. This study provides important mechanistic information to guide microbially-regulated soil P management in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Huang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhongmin Dai
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiahui Lin
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian Qi
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Randy A Dahlgren
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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21
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Substrate control of sulphur utilisation and microbial stoichiometry in soil: Results of 13C, 15N, 14C, and 35S quad labelling. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:3148-3158. [PMID: 33976391 PMCID: PMC8528905 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Global plant sulphur (S) deficiency is increasing because of a reduction in sulphate-based fertiliser application combined with continuous S withdrawal during harvest. Here, we applied 13C, 15N, 14C, and 35S quad labelling of the S-containing amino acids cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) to understand S cycling and microbial S transformations in the soil. The soil microorganisms absorbed the applied Cys and Met within minutes and released SO42- within hours. The SO42- was reutilised by the MB within days. The initial microbial utilisation and SO42- release were determined by amino acid structure. Met released 2.5-fold less SO42- than Cys. The microbial biomass retained comparatively more C and S from Met than Cys. The microorganisms decomposed Cys to pyruvate and H2S whereas they converted Met to α-ketobutyrate and S-CH3. The microbial stoichiometries of C, N, and S derived from Cys and Met were balanced after 4 d by Cys-derived SO42- uptake and Met-derived CO2 release. The microbial C:N:S ratio dynamics showed rapid C utilisation and loss, stable N levels, and S accumulation. Thus, short-term organic S utilisation by soil microorganisms is determined by amino acid structure whilst long-term organic S utilisation by soil microorganisms is determined by microbially controlled stoichiometry.
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22
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The Variation in the Stoichiometric Characteristics of the Leaves and Roots of Karst Shrubs. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12070852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, vegetation restoration is being implemented in the ecologically fragile karst areas in southwest China; however, the stoichiometry of the dominant shrubs and their relationship with the environmental factors in the degraded habitats is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the stoichiometry of C, N, and P, their internal correlations, and influencing factors in 23 shrub species in the Huanjiang County in northwest Guangxi Province, China. We found that the mean contents of C, N and P in leaves were higher than those in roots. In addition, the N:P ratio in the leaves was significantly higher than that in the roots, but the opposite was observed for the C:N and C:P ratios. Except for Leaf C and Root C, significant positive or negative correlations were observed across the stoichiometry of the shrub leaves and roots. A factor analysis of variance demonstrated that the differences across species had higher explanatory power than the topography and soil nutrients in terms of the shrub leaf and root stoichiometry. Hence, our results can improve the understanding of the distribution patterns of these vital elements, as well as of the interactions and influencing factors in the different organs of the karst shrubs.
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23
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Shen H, Zhang Q, Zhu S, Duan P, Zhang X, Wu Z, Xiong Z. Organic substitutions aggravated microbial nitrogen limitation and decreased nitrogen-cycling gene abundances in a three-year greenhouse vegetable field. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112379. [PMID: 33770725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Partially substituting chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer has substantially changed the stoichiometric imbalances of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) between microbial communities and their available resources in agroecosystems. However, how organic substitution alters microbial nutrient limitation and then affects soil N cycle in intensive greenhouse vegetable ecosystem, remain unknown. Thus, we performed a three-year greenhouse vegetable field experiment in China with different fertilization strategies: no N fertilization, chemical N fertilization, and substituting 20% (1M4N) or 50% (1M1N) of chemical N with organic fertilizer (organic substitutions). Our results demonstrated that the microbial communities presented N limitation, accompanying with a strong N:P but a weak C:N (or P) microbial homeostasis in response to high N:P imbalance among all treatments. Organic substitutions at 1M1N and 1M4N significantly aggravated microbial N limitation and decreased the gene abundances of nitrification and denitrification by 4.7%-27.3% than that of chemical N fertilization. Microbial N limitation was strongly influenced by N:P stoichiometric imbalance illustrated from regression analysis. The N-cycling gene abundances were not only dependent on the inorganic N pool and soil physicochemical properties (i.e. pH and electrical conductivity), but also affected by microbial nutrient limitation inferred from random forest analysis. Furthermore, the 1M1N treatment performed better than the 1M4N in terms of improved crop yield and less microbial N limitation. Overall, these results highlight the importance of ecological stoichiometry in regulating soil N cycle under different fertilization strategies for intensive greenhouse vegetable ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuangge Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pengpeng Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; School of Geographic Information and Tourism, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, 239000, China
| | - Zhengqin Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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24
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Spitzer CM, Lindahl B, Wardle DA, Sundqvist MK, Gundale MJ, Fanin N, Kardol P. Root trait-microbial relationships across tundra plant species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1508-1520. [PMID: 33007155 PMCID: PMC7821200 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine roots, and their functional traits, influence associated rhizosphere microorganisms via root exudation and root litter quality. However, little information is known about their relationship with rhizosphere microbial taxa and functional guilds. We investigated the relationships of 11 fine root traits of 20 sub-arctic tundra meadow plant species and soil microbial community composition, using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and high-throughput sequencing. We primarily focused on the root economics spectrum, as it provides a useful framework to examine plant strategies by integrating the co-ordination of belowground root traits along a resource acquisition-conservation trade-off axis. We found that the chemical axis of the fine root economics spectrum was positively related to fungal to bacterial ratios, but negatively to Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacterial ratios. However, this spectrum was unrelated to the relative abundance of functional guilds of soil fungi. Nevertheless, the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was positively correlated to root carbon content, but negatively to the numbers of root forks per root length. Our results suggest that the fine root economics spectrum is important for predicting broader groups of soil microorganisms (i.e. fungi and bacteria), while individual root traits may be more important for predicting soil microbial taxa and functional guilds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clydecia M. Spitzer
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgrändUmeå901 83Sweden
| | - Björn Lindahl
- Department of Soil and EnvironmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7014Uppsala750 07Sweden
| | - David A. Wardle
- Asian School of the EnvironmentNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Maja K. Sundqvist
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgrändUmeå901 83Sweden
| | - Michael J. Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgrändUmeå901 83Sweden
| | - Nicolas Fanin
- INRAEBordeaux Sciences AgroUMR 1391 ISPA71 Avenue Edouard BourlauxVillenave‐d’Ornon CedexCS20032, F33882France
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesSkogsmarksgrändUmeå901 83Sweden
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Dynamics in Stoichiometric Traits and Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Pools across Three Different-Aged Picea asperata Mast. Plantations on the Eastern Tibet Plateau. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11121346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the variations in soil and plants with stand aging is important for improving management measures to promote the sustainable development of plantations. However, few studies have been conducted on the dynamics of stoichiometric traits and carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) pools across Picea asperata Mast plantations of different ages in subalpine regions. In the present study, we examined the stoichiometric traits and C, N, and P stocks in different components of three different aged (22-, 32-, and 42-year-old) P. asperata plantations by plot-level inventories. We hypothesized that the stoichiometric traits in mineral soil could shape the corresponding stoichiometric traits in soil microbes, tree roots and foliage, and the C, N, and P stocks of the total P. asperata plantation ecosystem would increase with increasing stand age. Our results show that the N:P ratio in mineral soil was significantly correlated with that in tree foliage and herbs. Additionally, the C:N ratio and C:P ratio in mineral soil only correlated with the corresponding stoichiometric traits in soil microbes and forest floor, respectively. Both the fractions of microbial biomass C in soil organic C and microbial biomass N in soil total N decreased with increasing stand age. The C, N, and P stocks of the total ecosystem did not continuously increase across stand development. In particular, the P stock of the total ecosystem exhibited a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The aboveground tree biomass C accounted for more than 55% of the total ecosystem C stock regardless of stand age. In contrast, mineral soil and forest floor were the major contributors to the total ecosystem N and P stocks in all stands. This study suggested that all three different stands were N limited, and the stoichiometric homeostasis in the roots of P. asperata was more stable than that in the foliage. In addition, the soil microbial community assembly may change with increasing stand age for P. asperata plantations in the subalpine region.
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26
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Tian Y, Qiao D, Xu S, Wang N. Effects of tree species and topography on soil and microbial biomass stoichiometry in Funiu Mountain, China. BMC Ecol 2020; 20:67. [PMID: 33298033 PMCID: PMC7726870 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-020-00332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil and microbial biomass stoichiometry plays an important role in understanding nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, studies on soil and microbial biomass stoichiometry in forests are rare. This study investigated the effect of tree species and topographic factors on the ecological stoichiometry of soil and soil microbial biomass. METHODS Three types of forest stands (Quercus variabilis, Larix principis-ruprechtii, and Cotinus coggygria Scop.) in the Beiru River basin of Funiu Mountain were analyzed in September 2018. Six slope positions (sunny bottom slope, sunny middle slope, sunny top slope, shady bottom slope, shady middle slope, and shady top slope) were selected, and the total number of sampling plots was 108. The stoichiometric indices of soil and microbial biomass were determined. RESULTS At a depth of 0-10 cm, the soil organic C contents in different stands followed the order of C. coggygria (27.7 ± 5.2 g/kg) > Q. variabilis (24.5 ± 4.9 g/kg) > L. principis-ruprechtii (20.8 ± 4.3 g/kg) (P < 0.05). The soil organic C contents at depths of 0-10 cm with different slope aspects and at different slope positions also showed significant differences (P < 0.05). The highest MBC content was observed at the slope bottom (1002 ± 157 mg/kg), whereas the lowest was observed at the slope top (641 ± 98.3 mg/kg). Redundancy analysis showed that the contribution of tree species to these differences was 57.1%, whereas that of topographical factors was 36.2%. CONCLUSIONS Tree species more significantly affected soil nutrients and microbial biomass C, N and P than did topographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowu Tian
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science & Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471000, China.
| | - Dong Qiao
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science & Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Shaojun Xu
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science & Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Forestry College, Henan University of Science & Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471000, China
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27
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Quan X, Wang N, Wang C. Thermal acclimation of leaf dark respiration of Larix gmelinii: A latitudinal transplant experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140634. [PMID: 32653708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The response of tree leaf dark respiration (Rd) to temperature change is important in modeling and predicting forest carbon (C) cycling under climate change, but it has rarely been investigated in nature. We conducted a field experiment by transplanting the trees of Larix gmelinii - the dominant tree species in Chinese boreal forests from four latitudinal sites to a common garden near the warm border of its range. Our objective was to explore thermal acclimation of Rd and the underlying mechanisms by comparing the temperature-response curves of Rd and related leaf traits both in the common garden and at the original sites. We found that warming significantly decreased Rd and its temperature sensitivity (Q10), which changed across the growing season and were correlated with the mean annual temperature of the original sites, reflecting a combination of both short- and long-term respiratory acclimation to warming. The trees from the southern sites tended to have higher thermal acclimation of Rd and lower Q10 than that from the northern sites. Rd and Q10 were highly correlated with the concentrations of leaf nitrogen and soluble sugars, which may be used as proxies for assessing thermal acclimation of respiration. Considering both short- and long-term thermal acclimation of Rd likely improves the prediction of forest C cycling in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankui Quan
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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28
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Camenzind T, Philipp Grenz K, Lehmann J, Rillig MC. Soil fungal mycelia have unexpectedly flexible stoichiometric C:N and C:P ratios. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:208-218. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Camenzind
- Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 Berlin14195Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin14195Germany
| | - Kay Philipp Grenz
- Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 Berlin14195Germany
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Soil and Crop Sciences School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY14853USA
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 Berlin14195Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin14195Germany
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Response of Soil Microbial Community to C:N:P Stoichiometry along a Caragana korshinskii Restoration Gradient on the Loess Plateau, China. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11080823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms play crucial roles between plants and soil following afforestation. However, the relationship between the microbial community and carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry in the plant–soil–microbe continuum remains unclear. In this study, we investigated this relationship by collecting plant and soil samples from Caragana korshinskii Kom. plantations with different years of afforestation (17-, 32-, and 42-year-old plantations), and from farmland. Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA was used to examine the soil microbial community and the C, N, and P concentrations in plants, soil, and microbial biomass. Other soil characteristics were also measured. The results showed that the C and N concentrations in plants (leaves, herbs, and litter), soil, and microbial biomass increased as the vegetation restoration stage increased, but the P concentration in leaves and herbs slightly decreased. The C:P and N:P ratios in the plant–soil–microbe continuum substantially increased over time, particularly that of the microbial biomass. These results suggest that the unbalanced increase of C, N, and P following vegetation restoration may result in a P limitation in plant–soil systems. Moreover, bacterial and fungal alpha diversity significantly increased following afforestation. Afforestation had a greater impact on bacterial diversity (both alpha and beta diversity) than did fungal diversity. Among the dominant bacterial taxa, Proteobacteria increased significantly with afforestation time, whereas Actinobacteria decreased and Acidobacteria peaked in 32-year-old C. korshinskii plantations. However, there were no significant changes in the dominant fungal taxa. Collectively, we found that microbial diversity and dominant phyla were closely associated with the C:P and N:P ratios in the plant–soil–microbe continuum, particularly the N:P ratio. These results suggest that microbial diversity and composition may be limited by the imbalances of C, N, and especially P in afforested ecosystems, which provides evidence of linkages between microbial diversity and plant–soil systems in afforested ecosystems and could help in improving the predictions of sustainably restoring C. korshinskii plantations.
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30
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Wang Y, Ren Z, Ma P, Wang Z, Niu D, Fu H, Elser JJ. Effects of grassland degradation on ecological stoichiometry of soil ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137910. [PMID: 32192971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands across the world are being degraded due to the impacts of overgrazing and climate change. However, the influences of grassland degradation on carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) dynamics and stoichiometry in soil ecosystems are not well studied, especially at high elevations where ongoing climate change is most pronounced. Ecological stoichiometry facilitates understanding the biogeochemical cycles of multiple elements by studying their balance in ecological systems. This study sought to assess the responses of these soil elements to grassland degradation in the Qinghai Lake watershed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), which has an average elevation of >4000 m and is experiencing serious grassland degradation due to its sensitivity and vulnerability to external disturbances. Substituting space for time, we quantified normalized difference vegetation index to gauge grassland degradation. C, N, and P concentrations and their molar ratios in soil and in soil microbial biomass were also measured. The results showed that grassland degradation decreased the concentrations of C and N, as well as the ratios of C:P and N:P in soil. The soil became relatively more P rich and thus N limitation is anticipated to be more apparent with grassland degradation. Moreover, C, N, and P concentrations in soil microbial biomass decreased with increased grassland degradation. C:N:P ratios of soil microbial biomass were highly constrained, suggesting that soil microorganisms exhibited a strong homeostatic behavior, while the variations of microbial biomass C:N:P ratios suggest changes in microbial activities and community structure. Overall, our study revealed that grassland degradation differentially affects soil C, N, and P, leading to decreased C:N and N:P in soil, as well as decreased C, N, and P concentrations in soil microbial biomass. This study provides insights from a stoichiometric perspective into microbial and biogeochemical responses of grassland ecosystems as they undergo degradation on the QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China.
| | - Ze Ren
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, PR China.
| | - Panpan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Zhaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Decao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China.
| | - Hua Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, PR China.
| | - James J Elser
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT 59860, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
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Penuelas J, Janssens IA, Ciais P, Obersteiner M, Sardans J. Anthropogenic global shifts in biospheric N and P concentrations and ratios and their impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem productivity, food security, and human health. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1962-1985. [PMID: 31912629 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The availability of carbon (C) from high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and anthropogenic release of nitrogen (N) is increasing, but these increases are not paralleled by increases in levels of phosphorus (P). The current unstoppable changes in the stoichiometries of C and N relative to P have no historical precedent. We describe changes in P and N fluxes over the last five decades that have led to asymmetrical increases in P and N inputs to the biosphere. We identified widespread and rapid changes in N:P ratios in air, soil, water, and organisms and important consequences to the structure, function, and biodiversity of ecosystems. A mass-balance approach found that the combined limited availability of P and N was likely to reduce C storage by natural ecosystems during the remainder of the 21st Century, and projected crop yields of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment indicated an increase in nutrient deficiency in developing regions if access to P fertilizer is limited. Imbalances of the N:P ratio would likely negatively affect human health, food security, and global economic and geopolitical stability, with feedbacks and synergistic effects on drivers of global environmental change, such as increasing levels of CO2 , climatic warming, and increasing pollution. We summarize potential solutions for avoiding the negative impacts of global imbalances of N:P ratios on the environment, biodiversity, climate change, food security, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL CEA CNRS UVSQ UPSACLAY, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- Ecosystems Services and Management, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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32
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Lin D, Yang S, Dou P, Wang H, Wang F, Qian S, Yang G, Zhao L, Yang Y, Fanin N. A plant economics spectrum of litter decomposition among coexisting fern species in a sub-tropical forest. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:145-155. [PMID: 31633171 PMCID: PMC7080221 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The plant economics spectrum theory provides a useful framework to examine plant strategies by integrating the co-ordination of plant functional traits along a resource acquisition-conservation trade-off axis. Empirical evidence for this theory has been widely observed for seed plants (Spermatophyta). However, whether this theory can be applied to ferns (Pteridophyta), a ubiquitous and ancient group of vascular plants, has rarely been evaluated so far. METHODS We measured 11 pairs of plant functional traits on leaves and fine roots (diameter <2 mm) on 12 coexisting fern species in a sub-tropical forest. Litterbags of leaves and roots were placed in situ and exposed for 586 d to measure decomposition rates. The variation of traits across species and the co-ordination among traits within and between plant organs were analysed. Finally, the influence of the traits on decomposition rates were explored. KEY RESULTS Most leaf and root traits displayed high cross-species variation, and were aligned along a major resource acquisition-conservation trade-off axis. Many fern traits co-varied between leaves and fine roots, suggesting co-ordinated responses between above- and below-ground organs. Decomposition rates of leaves were significantly higher than those of fine roots, but they were significantly and positively correlated. Finally, our results highlight that the decomposition of both leaves and roots was relatively well predicted by the leaf and root economics spectra. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the existence of an acquisition-conservation trade-off axis within ferns and indicate that traits have important 'afterlife' effects on fern litter decomposition. We conclude that the plant economics spectrum theory that is commonly observed across seed plants can be applied to ferns species, thereby extending the generality of this theory to this ancient plant lineage in our study site. Our study further suggests that the evolutionary and ecological basis for the relationships among key economics traits appears to be similar between ferns and seed plants. Future studies involving larger data sets will be required to confirm these findings across different biomes at larger spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunmei Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengpeng Dou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shenhua Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangrong Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nicolas Fanin
- Interaction Soil Plant Atmosphere (ISPA), UMR 1391, INRA-Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33882 Villenave-d’Ornon cedex, France
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Gross A, Lin Y, Weber PK, Pett‐Ridge J, Silver WL. The role of soil redox conditions in microbial phosphorus cycling in humid tropical forests. Ecology 2019; 101:e02928. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avner Gross
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva Israel
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Peter K. Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Physical and Life Science Directorate Livermore California 94550 USA
| | - Jennifer Pett‐Ridge
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Physical and Life Science Directorate Livermore California 94550 USA
| | - Whendee L. Silver
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA
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Fanin N, Bezaud S, Sarneel JM, Cecchini S, Nicolas M, Augusto L. Relative Importance of Climate, Soil and Plant Functional Traits During the Early Decomposition Stage of Standardized Litter. Ecosystems 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-019-00452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Grazing Affects the Ecological Stoichiometry of the Plant–Soil–Microbe System on the Hulunber Steppe, China. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11195226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grazing affects nutrient cycling processes in grasslands, but little is known by researchers about effects on the nutrient stoichiometry of plant–soil–microbe systems. In this study, the influence of grazing intensity (0, 0.23, 0.34, 0.46, 0.69, and 0.92 AU ha−1) on carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and their stoichiometric ratios in plants, soil, and microbes was investigated in a Hulunber meadow steppe, Northeastern China. The C:N and C:P ratios of shoots decreased with grazing increased. Leaf N:P ratios <10 suggested that the plant communities under grazing were N-limited. Heavy grazing intensities increased the C:N and C:P ratios of microbial biomass, but grazing intensity had no significant effects on the stoichiometry of soil nutrients. The coupling relationship of C:N ratio in plant–soil–microbial systems was tightly significant compared to C:P ratio and N:P ratio according to the correlation results. The finding suggested grazing exacerbated the competition between plants and microorganisms for N and P nutrition by the stoichiometric changes (%) in each grazing level relative to the no grazing treatment. Therefore, for the sustainability of grasslands in Inner Mongolia, N inputs need to be increased and high grazing intensities reduced in meadow steppe ecosystems, and the grazing load should be controlled within G0.46.
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Peguero G, Sardans J, Asensio D, Fernández-Martínez M, Gargallo-Garriga A, Grau O, Llusià J, Margalef O, Márquez L, Ogaya R, Urbina I, Courtois EA, Stahl C, Van Langenhove L, Verryckt LT, Richter A, Janssens IA, Peñuelas J. Nutrient scarcity strengthens soil fauna control over leaf litter decomposition in tropical rainforests. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191300. [PMID: 31480974 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil fauna is a key control of the decomposition rate of leaf litter, yet its interactions with litter quality and the soil environment remain elusive. We conducted a litter decomposition experiment across different topographic levels within the landscape replicated in two rainforest sites providing natural gradients in soil fertility to test the hypothesis that low nutrient availability in litter and soil increases the strength of fauna control over litter decomposition. We crossed these data with a large dataset of 44 variables characterizing the biotic and abiotic microenvironment of each sampling point and found that microbe-driven carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses from leaf litter were 10.1 and 17.9% lower, respectively, in the nutrient-poorest site, but this among-site difference was equalized when meso- and macrofauna had access to the litterbags. Further, on average, soil fauna enhanced the rate of litter decomposition by 22.6%, and this contribution consistently increased as nutrient availability in the microenvironment declined. Our results indicate that nutrient scarcity increases the importance of soil fauna on C and N cycling in tropical rainforests. Further, soil fauna is able to equalize differences in microbial decomposition potential, thus buffering to a remarkable extent nutrient shortages at an ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guille Peguero
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Llusià
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Olga Margalef
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Márquez
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ifigenia Urbina
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Elodie A Courtois
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.,Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA), Université de Guyane, CNRS, IFREMER, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Clément Stahl
- INRA, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
| | - Leandro Van Langenhove
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lore T Verryckt
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Responses of Soil and Microbial C:N:P Stoichiometry to Vegetation Succession in a Karst Region of Southwest China. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10090755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous vegetation succession after agricultural abandonment is a general phenomenon in many areas of the world. As important indicators of nutrient status and biogeochemical cycling in ecosystems, the stoichiometry of key elements such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in soil and microbial biomass, and their responses to vegetation recolonization and succession after agricultural abandonment remain poorly understood. Here, based on a space-for-time substitution approach, surface soil samples (0–15 cm) were collected from four vegetation types, e.g., tussock grassland, shrubland, secondary forest, and primary forest, which represent four successional stages across this region. All samples were examined C, N and P concentrations and their ratios in soil and microbial biomass. The results showed that soil organic C and total N content increased synchronously but total soil P did not remarkably change along a progressive vegetation succession. Consequently, soil C:P and N:P ratios increased while C:N ratio stayed almost unchanged during vegetation succession. Soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) and microbial biomass N (SMBN) concentrations elevated while SMBP did not significantly change during vegetation succession. Unlike the soil C:N:P stoichiometry, however, microbial C:N and C:P ratios were significantly or marginally significantly greater in grassland than in the other three successional stages, while microbial N:P did not significantly vary across the four successional stages. Overall, the present study demonstrated that soil and microbial stoichiometry responded differently to secondary vegetation succession in a karst region of subtropical China.
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The Impacts of Vegetation Types and Soil Properties on Soil Microbial Activity and Metabolic Diversity in Subtropical Forests. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10060497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbial functional diversity is significantly associated with both nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition. However, how different forests as well as the soil parent materials influence the soil microbial carbon metabolism remains poorly understood. In this study, a natural secondary forest and a Pinus yunnanensis plantation, with similar climatic conditions under contrasting parent materials (clasolite in the non-karst areas and limestone in the karst areas) in Yunnan Province, China, were investigated. The soil microbial carbon metabolism diversity was assessed by the Biolog® ECO-plates. During the dry season, the soil microbial communities used carbon substrate in secondary forest and Pinus yunnanensis plantation, showing no significant difference, both in non-karst and karst areas. The microbial communities in the non-karst area were more efficient in utilizing carbon substrates than those in the karst area with the same vegetation types, resulting in the higher accumulation of organic carbon in the karst area. The six categories of most frequently utilized carbon substrates were carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and amino acids in both the non-karst and the karst areas. The soil basal respiration of the secondary forest was higher than that of the Pinus yunnanensis plantation, both in the non-karst and the karst areas. In addition, the driving factors of the soil microbial community functional diversity in the non-karst and karst areas are different. Our findings suggest that soil microbial functional diversity is governed by vegetation types as well as by soil properties in subtropical forests. Moreover, calcareous soil holds a higher proportion of recalcitrant organic carbon, which is difficult to utilize by microorganisms.
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Fanin N, Kardol P, Farrell M, Kempel A, Ciobanu M, Nilsson MC, Gundale MJ, Wardle DA. Effects of plant functional group removal on structure and function of soil communities across contrasting ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1095-1103. [PMID: 30957419 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Loss of plant diversity has an impact on ecosystems worldwide, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of how this loss may influence below-ground biota and ecosystem functions across contrasting ecosystems in the long term. We used the longest running biodiversity manipulation experiment across contrasting ecosystems in existence to explore the below-ground consequences of 19 years of plant functional group removals for each of 30 contrasting forested lake islands in northern Sweden. We found that, against expectations, the effects of plant removals on the communities of key groups of soil organisms (bacteria, fungi and nematodes), and organic matter quality and soil ecosystem functioning (decomposition and microbial activity) were relatively similar among islands that varied greatly in productivity and soil fertility. This highlights that, in contrast to what has been shown for plant productivity, plant biodiversity loss effects on below-ground functions can be relatively insensitive to environmental context or variation among widely contrasting ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fanin
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-83, Umeå, Sweden.,INRA, UMR 1391 ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS, 20032, F33882, Villenave-d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mark Farrell
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Anne Kempel
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-83, Umeå, Sweden.,University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Ciobanu
- Institute of Biological Research, Branch of the National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Str. Republicii 48, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marie-Charlotte Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David A Wardle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-83, Umeå, Sweden.,Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
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Kranabetter JM, Harman-Denhoed R, Hawkins BJ. Saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp stoichiometry (C : N : P) across temperate rainforests as evidence of shared nutrient constraints among symbionts. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:482-492. [PMID: 30084239 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying nutritional dynamics of free-living saprotrophs and symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi in the field is challenging, but the stoichiometry of fruiting bodies (sporocarps) may be an effective methodology for this purpose. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations of soils, foliage and 146 sporocarp collections were analyzed from 14 Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii stands across a podzolization gradient on Vancouver Island (Canada). N and P concentrations were considerably higher in saprotrophic fungi. Fungal N% increased with soil N content at a greater rate for saprotrophs than ectomycorrhizal fungi, while fungal P% of saprotrophs was more constrained. Fungal N : P was more responsive to soil N : P for ectomycorrhizal fungi (homeostatic regulation coefficient 'H' = 2.9) than saprotrophs (H = 5.9), while N : P of ectomycorrhizal fungi and host tree foliage scaled almost identically. Results underscore the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi as nutrient conduits, supporting host trees, whereas saprotrophs maintain a greater degree of nutritional homeostasis. Site nutrient constraints were shared in equal measure between ectomycorrhizal fungi and host trees, particularly for P, suggesting neither partner benefits from enhanced nutrition at the expense of the other. Sporocarp stoichiometry provides new insights into mycorrhizal relationships and illustrates pervasive P deficiencies across temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marty Kranabetter
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, PO Box 9536, Stn Prov Govt, Victoria, BC, V8W 9C4, Canada
| | - Rachael Harman-Denhoed
- Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada
| | - Barbara J Hawkins
- Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5, Canada
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Yang B, Pang X, Bao W, Qi L, Liang W, Shao Y, Fu S, Liu X, Ge F. The interactions between soil microbes and microbial feeding nematodes correlate with fruit productivity of Illicium verum Hook. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Lanuza O, Casanoves F, Delgado D, Van den Meersche K. Leaf litter stoichiometry affects decomposition rates and nutrient dynamics in tropical forests under restoration in Costa Rica. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lanuza
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza) 30501 Turrialba Costa Rica
- Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria EstelíUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN Managua/FAREM Estelí) 49 Estelí Nicaragua
| | - Fernando Casanoves
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza) 30501 Turrialba Costa Rica
| | - Diego Delgado
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza) 30501 Turrialba Costa Rica
| | - Karel Van den Meersche
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza) 30501 Turrialba Costa Rica
- CIRADUMR Eco&Sols 30501 Turrialba Costa Rica
- Eco&SolsUniv Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro Montpellier France
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Chávez-Vergara B, Merino A, González-Rodríguez A, Oyama K, García-Oliva F. Direct and legacy effects of plant-traits control litter decomposition in a deciduous oak forest in Mexico. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5095. [PMID: 29967746 PMCID: PMC6027662 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Litter decomposition is a key process in the functioning of forest ecosystems, because it strongly controls nutrient recycling and soil fertility maintenance. The interaction between the litter chemical composition and the metabolism of the soil microbial community has been described as the main factor of the decomposition process based on three hypotheses: substrate-matrix interaction (SMI), functional breadth (FB) and home-field advantage (HFA). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of leaf litter quality (as a direct plant effect, SMI hypothesis), the metabolic capacity of the microbial community (as a legacy effect, FB hypothesis), and the coupling between the litter quality and microbial activity (HFA hypothesis) on the litter decomposition of two contiguous deciduous oak species at a local scale. Methods To accomplish this objective, we performed a litterbag experiment in the field for 270 days to evaluate mass loss, leaf litter quality and microbial activity in a complete factorial design for litter quality and species site. Results The litter of Quercus deserticola had higher rate of decomposition independently of the site, while the site of Quercus castanea promoted a higher rate of decomposition independently of the litter quality, explained by the specialization of the soil microbial community in the use of recalcitrant organic compounds. The Home-Field Advantage Index was reduced with the decomposition date (22% and 4% for 30 and 270 days, respectively). Discussion We observed that the importance of the coupling of litter quality and microbial activity depends on decomposition stage. At the early decomposition stage, the home-advantage hypothesis explained the mass loss of litter; however, in the advanced decomposition stage, the litter quality and the metabolic capacity of the microbial community can be the key drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Chávez-Vergara
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Agustín Merino
- Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ken Oyama
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Felipe García-Oliva
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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Hou L, Dong Z, Yang Y, Zhang D, Zhang S, Zhang S. Applying foliar stoichiometric traits of plants to determine fertilization for a mixed pine-oak stand in the Qinling Mountains, China. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4628. [PMID: 29666770 PMCID: PMC5900931 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Chinese Natural Forest Protection program has been conducted nationwide and has achieved resounding success. However, timber importation has increased; therefore, producing more domestic timber is critical to meet the demand for raw materials. Fertilization is one of the most effective silviculture practices used to improve tree and stand growth. However, determining the appropriate type and amount of elements is necessary for effective fertilization of big timber in different forest types and environmental conditions. Stoichiometric theory provides the criteria to assess nutrient limitation in plants and offers important insight into fertilizer requirements of forested ecosystems. Methods Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in plants' leaves, mineral soil, and litter were investigated in a mixed pine-oak stand. Results The big timber rate for Pinus tabuliformis, Pinus armandii and Quercus aliena var. acutesserata is 57.71%, 22.79% and 2.78% of current existing individuals respectively. Foliar N and P concentrations were 9.08 and 0.88 mg g-1, respectively. The N:P in the plants was 10.30. N concentration and N:P in mineral soil decreased from 0-30 cm soil depth. For litter, N and P concentrations were 16.89 and 1.51 mg g-1, respectively, and N:P was 11.51. Concentrations of N and P in mineral soil and litter did not significantly affect plants'leaf concentrations. Similar result was also obtained between litter and mineral soil concentrations. Nitrogen storage in mineral soil was significantly correlated with foliar N:P in the plants. Discussion Foliar N:P of dominant tree species and the plants, and foliar N concentration in Pinus tabuliformis and P. armandii, and foliar P concentration of P. armandii in the mixed pine-oak stand was lower than that in Chinese and other terrestrial plants. Foliar nutrients in the plants were not affected by soil nutrients. According to the criteria of nutrient limitation for plants, growth of dominant tree species was N limited; therefore, 1.49 t ha-1 pure N should be added to forest land to as fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hou
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenjie Dong
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Donghong Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuoxin Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Shi L, Zhang H, Liu T, Mao P, Zhang W, Shao Y, Fu S. An increase in precipitation exacerbates negative effects of nitrogen deposition on soil cations and soil microbial communities in a temperate forest. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:293-301. [PMID: 29294455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
World soils are subjected to a number of anthropogenic global change factors. Although many previous studies contributed to understand how single global change factors affect soil properties, there have been few studies aimed at understanding how two naturally co-occurring global change drivers, nitrogen (N) deposition and increased precipitation, affect critical soil properties. In addition, most atmospheric N deposition and precipitation increase studies have been simulated by directly adding N solution or water to the forest floor, and thus largely neglect some key canopy processes in natural conditions. These previous studies, therefore, may not realistically simulate natural atmospheric N deposition and precipitation increase in forest ecosystems. In a field experiment, we used novel canopy applications to investigate the effects of N deposition, increased precipitation, and their combination on soil chemical properties and the microbial community in a temperate deciduous forest. We found that both soil chemistry and microorganisms were sensitive to these global change factors, especially when they were simultaneously applied. These effects were evident within 2 years of treatment initiation. Canopy N deposition immediately accelerated soil acidification, base cation depletion, and toxic metal accumulation. Although increased precipitation only promoted base cation leaching, this exacerbated the effects of N deposition. Increased precipitation decreased soil fungal biomass, possible due to wetting/re-drying stress or to the depletion of Na. When N deposition and increased precipitation occurred together, soil gram-negative bacteria decreased significantly, and the community structure of soil bacteria was altered. The reduction of gram-negative bacterial biomass was closely linked to the accumulation of the toxic metals Al and Fe. These results suggested that short-term responses in soil cations following N deposition and increased precipitation could change microbial biomass and community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Shi
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Peng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weixin Zhang
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Yuanhu Shao
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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46
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Barnes AD, Jochum M, Lefcheck JS, Eisenhauer N, Scherber C, O'Connor MI, de Ruiter P, Brose U. Energy Flux: The Link between Multitrophic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 33:186-197. [PMID: 29325921 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Relating biodiversity to ecosystem functioning in natural communities has become a paramount challenge as links between trophic complexity and multiple ecosystem functions become increasingly apparent. Yet, there is still no generalised approach to address such complexity in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) studies. Energy flux dynamics in ecological networks provide the theoretical underpinning of multitrophic BEF relationships. Accordingly, we propose the quantification of energy fluxes in food webs as a powerful, universal tool for understanding ecosystem functioning in multitrophic systems spanning different ecological scales. Although the concept of energy flux in food webs is not novel, its application to BEF research remains virtually untapped, providing a framework to foster new discoveries into the determinants of ecosystem functioning in complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Barnes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstrasse 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Malte Jochum
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Scherber
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstrasse 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mary I O'Connor
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Peter de Ruiter
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
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47
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Gulis V, Kuehn KA, Schoettle LN, Leach D, Benstead JP, Rosemond AD. Changes in nutrient stoichiometry, elemental homeostasis and growth rate of aquatic litter-associated fungi in response to inorganic nutrient supply. THE ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:2729-2739. [PMID: 28731471 PMCID: PMC5702729 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic fungi mediate important energy and nutrient transfers in freshwater ecosystems, a role potentially altered by widespread eutrophication. We studied the effects of dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and ratios on fungal stoichiometry, elemental homeostasis, nutrient uptake and growth rate in two experiments that used (1) liquid media and a relatively recalcitrant carbon (C) source and (2) fungi grown on leaf litter in microcosms. Two monospecific fungal cultures and a multi-species assemblage were assessed in each experiment. Combining a radioactive tracer to estimate fungal production (C accrual) with N and P uptake measurements provided an ecologically relevant estimate of mean fungal C:N:P of 107:9:1 in litter-associated fungi, similar to the 92:9:1 obtained from liquid cultures. Aquatic fungi were found to be relatively homeostatic with respect to their C:N ratio (~11:1), but non-homeostatic with respect to C:P and N:P. Dissolved N greatly affected fungal growth rate and production, with little effect on C:nutrient stoichiometry. Conversely, dissolved P did not affect fungal growth and production but controlled biomass C:P and N:P, probably via luxury P uptake and storage. The ability of fungi to immobilize and store excess P may alter nutrient flow through aquatic food webs and affect ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Gulis
- Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Kevin A Kuehn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | | | - Desiree Leach
- Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Jonathan P Benstead
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Amy D Rosemond
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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48
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Hartman WH, Ye R, Horwath WR, Tringe SG. A genomic perspective on stoichiometric regulation of soil carbon cycling. THE ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:2652-2665. [PMID: 28731470 PMCID: PMC5702722 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Similar to plant growth, soil carbon (C) cycling is constrained by the availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). We hypothesized that stoichiometric control over soil microbial C cycling may be shaped by functional guilds with distinct nutrient substrate preferences. Across a series of rice fields spanning 5-25% soil C (N:P from 1:12 to 1:70), C turnover was best correlated with P availability and increased with experimental N addition only in lower C (mineral) soils with N:P⩽16. Microbial community membership also varied with soil stoichiometry but not with N addition. Shotgun metagenome data revealed changes in community functions with increasing C turnover, including a shift from aromatic C to carbohydrate utilization accompanied by lower N uptake and P scavenging. Similar patterns of C, N and P acquisition, along with higher ribosomal RNA operon copy numbers, distinguished that microbial taxa positively correlated with C turnover. Considering such tradeoffs in genomic resource allocation patterns among taxa strengthened correlations between microbial community composition and C cycling, suggesting simplified guilds amenable to ecosystem modeling. Our results suggest that patterns of soil C turnover may reflect community-dependent metabolic shifts driven by resource allocation strategies, analogous to growth rate-stoichiometry coupling in animal and plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt H Hartman
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek CA, USA
| | - Rongzhong Ye
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis CA, USA
- Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, Clemson University, Clemson SC, USA
| | - William R Horwath
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis CA, USA
| | - Susannah G Tringe
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek CA, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced CA, USA
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49
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Camenzind T, Hättenschwiler S, Treseder KK, Lehmann A, Rillig MC. Nutrient limitation of soil microbial processes in tropical forests. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Camenzind
- Institute of Biology; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE); UMR 5175; CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE; 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Kathleen K. Treseder
- School of Biological Sciences; University of California; Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Anika Lehmann
- Institute of Biology; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institute of Biology; Freie Universität Berlin; Altensteinstr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); 14195 Berlin Germany
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50
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Ferlian O, Wirth C, Eisenhauer N. Leaf and root C-to-N ratios are poor predictors of soil microbial biomass C and respiration across 32 tree species. PEDOBIOLOGIA 2017; 65:1623. [PMID: 29217869 PMCID: PMC5714262 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms are the main primary decomposers of plant material and drive biogeochemical processes like carbon and nitrogen cycles. Hence, knowledge of their nutritional demands and limitations for activity and growth is of particular importance. However, potential effects of the stoichiometry of soil and plant species on soil microbial activity and carbon use efficiency are poorly understood. Soil properties and plant traits are assumed to drive microbial carbon and community structure. We investigated the associations between C and N concentrations of leaf, root, and soil as well as their ratios and soil microbial biomass C and activity (microbial basal respiration and specific respiratory quotient) across 32 young native angiosperm tree species at two locations in Central Germany. Correlations between C:N ratios of leaves, roots, and soil were positive but overall weak. Only regressions between root and leaf C:N ratios as well as between root and soil C:N ratios were significant at one site. Soil microbial properties differed significantly between the two sites and were significantly correlated with soil C:N ratio across sites. Soil C concentrations rather than N concentrations drove significant effects of soil C:N ratio on soil microbial properties. No significant correlations between soil microbial properties and leaf as well as root C:N ratios were found. We found weak correlations of C:N ratios between plant aboveground and belowground tissues. Furthermore, microorganisms were not affected by the stoichiometry of plant tissues in the investigated young trees. The results suggest that soil stoichiometry represents a consistent determinant of soil microbial biomass and respiration. Our study indicates that stoichiometric relationships among tree organs can be weak and poor predictors of soil microbial properties in young tree stands. Further research in controlled experimental settings with a wide range of tree species is needed to study the role of plant chemical traits like the composition and stoichiometry of root exudates in determining interactions between above- and belowground compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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