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Huang C, Xu Y, Zang R. Low functional redundancy revealed high vulnerability of the subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests to environmental change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173307. [PMID: 38777067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic-induced environmental changes threaten forest ecosystems by reducing their biodiversity and adaptive capacity. Understanding the sensitivity of ecosystem function to loss of diversity is vital in designing conservation strategies and maintaining the resilience of forest ecosystems in a changing world. Here, based on unique combinations of ten functional traits (termed as functional entities; FEs), we quantified the metrics of functional redundancy (FR) and functional vulnerability (FV) in 250 forest plots across five locations in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests. We then examined the potential impacts of species loss on functional diversity in subtropical forest communities along environmental gradients (climate and soil). Results showed that the subtropical forests displayed a low level of functional redundancy (FR < 2). Over 75 % of the FEs in these subtropical forest communities were composed of only one species, with rare species emerging as pivotal contributors to these vulnerable FEs. The number of FEs and functional redundancy both increased with the rise in species richness, but functional vulnerability decreased with increasing species richness. Climatic factors, especially mean diurnal range, played crucial roles in determining the functions that the forest ecosystem delivers. Under variable temperature conditions, species in each plot were packed into a few FEs, leading to higher functional redundancy and lower functional vulnerability. These results highlighted that rare species contribute significantly to ecosystem functions and the highly diverse subtropical forest communities could show more insurance effects against species loss under stressful environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caishuang Huang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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2
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Srednick G, Swearer SE. Understanding diversity-synchrony-stability relationships in multitrophic communities. Nat Ecol Evol 2024:10.1038/s41559-024-02419-3. [PMID: 38839850 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how species loss impacts ecosystem stability is critical given contemporary declines in global biodiversity. Despite decades of research on biodiversity-stability relationships, most studies are performed within a trophic level, overlooking the multitrophic complexity structuring natural communities. Here, in a global analysis of diversity-synchrony-stability (DSS) studies (n = 420), we found that 74% were monotrophic and biased towards terrestrial plant communities, with 91% describing stabilizing effects of asynchrony. Multitrophic studies (26%) were representative of all biomes and showed that synchrony had mixed effects on stability. To explore potential mechanisms, we applied a multitrophic framework adapted from DSS theory to investigate DSS relationships in algae-herbivore assemblages across five long-term tropical and temperate marine system datasets. Both algal and herbivore species diversity reduced within-group synchrony in both systems but had different interactive effects on species synchrony between systems. Herbivore synchrony was positively and negatively influenced by algal diversity in tropical versus temperate systems, respectively, and algal synchrony was positively influenced by herbivore diversity in temperate systems. While herbivore synchrony reduced multitrophic stability in both systems, algal synchrony only reduced stability in tropical systems. These results highlight the complexity of DSS relationships at the multitrophic level and emphasize why more multitrophic assessments are needed to better understand how biodiversity influences community stability in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Srednick
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Stephen E Swearer
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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3
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Magrach A, Montoya D. Stability in plant-pollinator communities across organizational levels: present, gaps, and future. AOB PLANTS 2024; 16:plae026. [PMID: 38840783 PMCID: PMC11151922 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Abstract. The study of ecological stability continues to fill the pages of scientific journals almost seven decades after the first ecologists initiated this line of research. The many advances in this field have focused on understanding the stability of populations, communities or functions within single guilds or trophic levels, with less research conducted across multiple trophic levels and considering the different interactions that relate species to each other. Here, we review the recent literature on the multiple dimensions of ecological stability specifically within plant-pollinator communities. We then focus on one of stability´s dimensions, temporal invariability, and adapt an existing partitioning framework that bridges invariability and synchrony measures across spatial scales and organizational levels to accommodate interactions between plants and their pollinators. Finally, we use this framework to analyse temporal invariability in plant reproductive success, partitioning it on invariability and synchrony components across plant and pollinator populations and communities, as well as their interactions, using a well-resolved dataset that encompasses data for two years. Our review of the literature points to several significant gaps in our current knowledge, with simulation studies clearly overrepresented in the literature as opposed to experimental or empirical approaches. Our quantitative approach to partitioning invariability shows similar patterns of decreasing temporal invariability across increasing organizational levels driven by asynchronous dynamics amongst populations and communities, which overall stabilize ecosystem functioning (plant reproductive success). This study represents a first step towards a better comprehension of temporal invariability in ecosystem functions defined by interactions between species and provides a blueprint for the type of spatially replicated multi-year data that needs to be collected in the future to further our understanding of ecological stability within multi-trophic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Magrach
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel Montoya
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Meng B, Yang Q, Mehrabi Z, Wang S. Larger nations benefit more than smaller nations from the stabilizing effects of crop diversity. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:491-498. [PMID: 38789566 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Crop diversification is increasingly recognized as a strategy to stabilize national food production, yet the benefits of this approach may vary across nations due to the scale dependence of crop diversity and stability. Here we use crop production data from 131 nations from 1961 to 2020 to explore the spatial scale dependence of the crop diversity-stability relationship. Drawing on ecological theory and complementary analytical approaches, we find that as the total national harvested area increases, yield stability increases. Crop diversity stabilizes national yield stability, as does an increase in the number of farms, but these stabilizing effects are weaker in smaller countries. Our findings suggest that enhancing crop diversity at the national level may not provide a de facto universal strategy for increasing yield stability across all countries-with implications for national strategies promoting crop diversification to protect against food system shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Meng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zia Mehrabi
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Srednick G, Swearer SE. Effects of protection and temperature variation on temporal stability in a marine reserve network. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14220. [PMID: 37937466 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the drivers of ecosystem stability has been a key focus of modern ecology as the impacts of the Anthropocene become more prevalent and extreme. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are tools used globally to promote biodiversity and mediate anthropogenic impacts. However, assessing the stability of natural ecosystems and responses to management actions is inherently challenging due to the complex dynamics of communities with many interdependent taxa. Using a 12-year time series of subtidal community structure in an MPA network in the Channel Islands (United States), we estimated species interaction strength (competition and predation), prey species synchrony, and temporal stability in trophic networks, as well as temporal variation in sea surface temperature to explore the causal drivers of temporal stability at community and metacommunity scales. At the community scale, only trophic networks in MPAs at Santa Rosa Island showed greater temporal stability than reference sites, likely driven by reduced prey synchrony. Across islands, competition was sometimes greater and predation always greater in MPAs compared with reference sites. Increases in interaction strength resulted in lower temporal stability of trophic networks. Although MPAs reduced prey synchrony at the metacommunity scale, reductions were insufficient to stabilize trophic networks. In contrast, temporal variation in sea surface temperature had strong positive direct effects on stability at the regional scale and indirect effects at the local scale through reductions in species interaction strength. Although MPAs can be effective management strategies for protecting certain species or locations, our findings for this MPA network suggest that temperature variation has a stronger influence on metacommunity temporal stability by mediating species interactions and promoting a mosaic of spatiotemporal variation in community structure of trophic networks. By capturing the full spectrum of environmental variation in network planning, MPAs will have the greatest capacity to promote ecosystem stability in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Srednick
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen E Swearer
- National Centre for Coasts and Climate, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Weiskopf SR, Isbell F, Arce-Plata MI, Di Marco M, Harfoot M, Johnson J, Lerman SB, Miller BW, Morelli TL, Mori AS, Weng E, Ferrier S. Biodiversity loss reduces global terrestrial carbon storage. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4354. [PMID: 38778013 PMCID: PMC11111688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural ecosystems store large amounts of carbon globally, as organisms absorb carbon from the atmosphere to build large, long-lasting, or slow-decaying structures such as tree bark or root systems. An ecosystem's carbon sequestration potential is tightly linked to its biological diversity. Yet when considering future projections, many carbon sequestration models fail to account for the role biodiversity plays in carbon storage. Here, we assess the consequences of plant biodiversity loss for carbon storage under multiple climate and land-use change scenarios. We link a macroecological model projecting changes in vascular plant richness under different scenarios with empirical data on relationships between biodiversity and biomass. We find that biodiversity declines from climate and land use change could lead to a global loss of between 7.44-103.14 PgC (global sustainability scenario) and 10.87-145.95 PgC (fossil-fueled development scenario). This indicates a self-reinforcing feedback loop, where higher levels of climate change lead to greater biodiversity loss, which in turn leads to greater carbon emissions and ultimately more climate change. Conversely, biodiversity conservation and restoration can help achieve climate change mitigation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Weiskopf
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, VA, USA.
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mike Harfoot
- Vizzuality, 123 Calle de Fuencarral, 28010, Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Johnson
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, 1994 Buford Ave, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | | | - Brian W Miller
- U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Toni Lyn Morelli
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ensheng Weng
- Columbia University/NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY, 10025, USA
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7
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Ospina-Bautista F, Srivastava DS, Realpe E, Fernández AM. Environmental heterogeneity at two spatial scales affects litter diversity-decomposition relationships. Ecology 2024; 105:e4280. [PMID: 38566463 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The effects of biodiversity on ecological processes have been experimentally evaluated mainly at the local scale under homogeneous conditions. To scale up experimentally based biodiversity-functioning relationships, there is an urgent need to understand how such relationships are affected by the environmental heterogeneity that characterizes larger spatial scales. Here, we tested the effects of an 800-m elevation gradient (a large-scale environmental factor) and forest habitat (a fine-scale factor) on litter diversity-decomposition relationships. To better understand local and landscape scale mechanisms, we partitioned net biodiversity effects into complementarity, selection, and insurance effects as applicable at each scale. We assembled different litter mixtures in aquatic microcosms that simulated natural tree holes, replicating mixtures across blocks nested within forest habitats (edge, interior) and elevations (low, mid, high). We found that net biodiversity and complementarity effects increased over the elevation gradient, with their strength modified by forest habitat and the identity of litter in mixtures. Complementarity effects at local and landscape scales were greatest for combinations of nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor litters, consistent with nutrient transfer mechanisms. By contrast, selection effects were consistently weak and negative at both scales. Selection effects at the landscape level were due mainly to nonrandom overyielding rather than spatial insurance effects. Our findings demonstrate that the mechanisms by which litter diversity affects decomposition are sensitive to environmental heterogeneity at multiple scales. This has implications for the scaling of biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships and suggests that future shifts in environmental conditions due to climate change or land use may impact the functioning of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Ospina-Bautista
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Diane S Srivastava
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emilio Realpe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana María Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
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8
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Liang M, Lamy T, Reuman DC, Wang S, Bell TW, Cavanaugh KC, Castorani MCN. A marine heatwave changes the stabilizing effects of biodiversity in kelp forests. Ecology 2024; 105:e4288. [PMID: 38522859 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity can stabilize ecological communities through biological insurance, but climate and other environmental changes may disrupt this process via simultaneous ecosystem destabilization and biodiversity loss. While changes to diversity-stability relationships (DSRs) and the underlying mechanisms have been extensively explored in terrestrial plant communities, this topic remains largely unexplored in benthic marine ecosystems that comprise diverse assemblages of producers and consumers. By analyzing two decades of kelp forest biodiversity survey data, we discovered changes in diversity, stability, and their relationships at multiple scales (biological organizational levels, spatial scales, and functional groups) that were linked with the most severe marine heatwave ever documented in the North Pacific Ocean. Moreover, changes in the strength of DSRs during/after the heatwave were more apparent among functional groups than both biological organizational levels (population vs. ecosystem levels) and spatial scales (local vs. broad scales). Specifically, the strength of DSRs decreased for fishes, increased for mobile invertebrates and understory algae, and were unchanged for sessile invertebrates during/after the heatwave. Our findings suggest that biodiversity plays a key role in stabilizing marine ecosystems, but the resilience of DSRs to adverse climate impacts primarily depends on the functional identities of ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowei Liang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, University of Minnesota, East Bethel, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas Lamy
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel C Reuman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tom W Bell
- Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle C Cavanaugh
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Max C N Castorani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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9
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Cui Z, Sun J, Wu GL. Plant diversity increases spatial stability of aboveground productivity in alpine grasslands. Oecologia 2024; 205:27-38. [PMID: 38652294 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Plant diversity can significantly affect the grassland productivity and its stability. However, it remains unclear how plant diversity affects the spatial stability of natural grassland productivity, especially in alpine regions that are sensitive to climate change. We analyzed the interaction between plant (species richness and productivity, etc.) and climatic factors (precipitation, temperature, and moisture index, etc.) of alpine natural grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. In addition, we tested the relationship between plant diversity and spatial stability of grassland productivity. Results showed that an increase in plant diversity significantly enhanced community productivity and its standard deviation, while reducing the coefficient of variation in productivity. The influence of plant diversity on productivity and the reciprocal of productivity variability coefficient was not affected by vegetation types. The absolute values of the regression slopes between climate factors and productivity in alpine meadow communities with higher plant diversity were smaller than those in alpine meadow communities with lower plant diversity. In other words, alpine meadow communities with higher plant diversity exhibited a weaker response to climatic factors in terms of productivity, whereas those with lower plant diversity showed a stronger response. Our results indicate that high plant diversity buffers the impact of ambient pressure (e.g., precipitation, temperature) on alpine meadow productivity, and significantly enhanced the spatial stability of grassland productivity. This finding provides a theoretical basis for maintaining the stability of grassland ecosystems and scientifically managing alpine grasslands under the continuous climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming On the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gao-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming On the Loess Plateau, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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10
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Yan Y, Jarvie S, Zhang Q. Habitat loss weakens the positive relationship between grassland plant richness and above-ground biomass. eLife 2024; 12:RP91193. [PMID: 38497752 PMCID: PMC10948147 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation per se have been shown to be a major threat to global biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, little is known about how habitat loss and fragmentation per se alters the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF relationship) in the natural landscape context. Based on 130 landscapes identified by a stratified random sampling in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China, we investigated the effects of landscape context (habitat loss and fragmentation per se) on plant richness, above-ground biomass, and the relationship between them in grassland communities using a structural equation model. We found that habitat loss directly decreased plant richness and hence decreased above-ground biomass, while fragmentation per se directly increased plant richness and hence increased above-ground biomass. Fragmentation per se also directly decreased soil water content and hence decreased above-ground biomass. Meanwhile, habitat loss decreased the magnitude of the positive relationship between plant richness and above-ground biomass by reducing the percentage of grassland specialists in the community, while fragmentation per se had no significant modulating effect on this relationship. These results demonstrate that habitat loss and fragmentation per se have inconsistent effects on BEF, with the BEF relationship being modulated by landscape context. Our findings emphasise that habitat loss rather than fragmentation per se can weaken the positive BEF relationship by decreasing the degree of habitat specialisation of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhotChina
| | | | - Qing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhotChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security (Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region)HohhotChina
- Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow RiverHohhotChina
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11
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Pennino MG, Zurano JP, Hidalgo M, Esteban A, Veloy C, Bellido JM, Coll M. Spatial patterns of β-diversity under cumulative pressures in the Western Mediterranean Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 195:106347. [PMID: 38262136 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the spatial dynamics of biodiversity is an essential issue in marine ecology and requires combining information at local and regional scales. β-diversity is an important measure of biodiversity that informs on the differences in community composition between sites and, thus, in the species turnover in the community structure. In this study, we analysed and predicted the spatial patterns of β-diversity for fishes, invertebrates and the demersal assemblage along the Iberian Mediterranean coast. We used Bayesian Bootstrap Generalized Dissimilarity Models (BBGDMs) to study the effects of environment and human pressures on the β-diversity of invertebrate, fishes and the entire demersal assemblage from 1994 to 2015 using different time windows to account for temporal variability. Then, we used these relationships to predict the spatial patterns of β-diversity in the whole Iberian Mediterranean coast. Our results highlighted that the regional spatial patterns of β-diversity were best described by bathymetry and a cumulative index of coastal impacts. We identified specific regions with the highest β-diversity in the study area, which were complementary to hotspots of species richness and presented different degree of overlapping with existent marine protected areas. Overall, our study illustrates that by modelling spatial turnover using β-diversity we can better understand and predict spatial variation of biodiversity and the effects of particular variables, providing relevant information to end-users and policy makers for designing specific spatial conservation and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grazia Pennino
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Madrid, C. Del Corazón de María, 8, 28002, Madrid, Spain; Statistical Modeling Ecology Group (SMEG), Spain.
| | - Juan Pablo Zurano
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Ecosystem Oceanography Group (GRECO) Moll de Ponent S/n, 07015, Palma, Spain
| | - Antonio Esteban
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero 1, 30740, San Pedro Del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Veloy
- Institut de Ciències Del Mar (CMIMA-CSIC), P. Marítim de La Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Bellido
- Statistical Modeling Ecology Group (SMEG), Spain; Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero 1, 30740, San Pedro Del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Coll
- Institut de Ciències Del Mar (CMIMA-CSIC), P. Marítim de La Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Ecopath International Initiative Research Association, 08172, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Salse J, Barnard RL, Veneault-Fourrey C, Rouached H. Strategies for breeding crops for future environments. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:303-318. [PMID: 37833181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The green revolution successfully increased agricultural output in the early 1960s by relying primarily on three pillars: plant breeding, irrigation, and chemical fertilization. Today, the need to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, water scarcity, and future environmental changes, together with a growing population, requires innovative strategies to adapt to a new context and prevent food shortages. Therefore, scientists from around the world are directing their efforts to breed crops for future environments to sustainably produce more nutritious food. Herein, we propose scientific avenues to be reinforced in selecting varieties, including crop wild relatives, either for monoculture or mixed cropping systems, taking advantage of plant-microbial interactions, while considering the diversity of organisms associated with crops and unlocking combinatorial nutritional stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Salse
- UCA-INRAE UMR 1095 Genetics, Diversity, and Ecophysiology of Cereals (GDEC), 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Romain L Barnard
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Unité Mixte de Recherche Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Hatem Rouached
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
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Raffard A, Jacob S, Schtickzelle N. Non-genetic phenotypic variability affects populations and communities in protist microcosms. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:221-230. [PMID: 38192091 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Intraspecific trait variation (ITV), potentially driven by genetic and non-genetic mechanisms, can underlie variability in resource acquisition, individual fitness and ecological interactions. Impacts of ITV at higher levels of biological organizations are hence likely, but up-scaling our knowledge about ITV importance to communities and comparing its relative effects at population and community levels has rarely been investigated. Here, we tested the effects of genetic and non-genetic ITV on morphological traits in microcosms of protist communities by contrasting the effects of strains showing different ITV levels (i.e. trait averages and variance) on population growth, community composition and biomass production. We found that genetic and non-genetic ITV can lead to different effects on populations and communities across several generations. Furthermore, the effects of ITV declined across levels of biological organization: ITV directly altered population performance, with cascading but indirect consequences for community composition and biomass productivity. Overall, these results show that the drivers of ITV can have distinct effects on populations and communities, with cascading impacts on higher levels of biological organization that might mediate biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Raffard
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Staffan Jacob
- CNRS, Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis, UAR-5321, Moulis, France
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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14
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Ma Z, Jiao S, Zheng K, Ni H, Li D, Zhang N, Yang Y, Zhou J, Sun B, Liang Y. Multiple spatial scales of bacterial and fungal structural and functional traits affect carbon mineralization. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17235. [PMID: 38063481 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Studying the functional heterogeneity of soil microorganisms at different spatial scales and linking it to soil carbon mineralization is crucial for predicting the response of soil carbon stability to environmental changes and human disturbance. Here, a total of 429 soil samples were collected from typical paddy fields in China, and the bacterial and fungal communities as well as functional genes related to carbon mineralization in the soil were analysed using MiSeq sequencing and GeoChip gene microarray technology. We postulate that CO2 emissions resulting from bacterial and fungal carbon mineralization are contingent upon their respective carbon consumption strategies, which rely on the regulation of interactions between biodiversity and functional genes. Our results showed that the spatial turnover of the fungal community was 2-4 times that of the bacterial community from hundreds of meters to thousands of kilometres. The effect of spatial scale exerted a greater impact on the composition rather than the functional characteristics of the microbial community. Furthermore, based on the establishment of functional networks at different spatial scales, we observed that both bacteria and fungi within the top 10 taxa associated with carbon mineralization exhibited a prevalence of generalist species at the regional scale. This study emphasizes the significance of spatial scaling patterns in soil bacterial and fungal carbon degradation functions, deepening our understanding of how the relationship between microbial decomposers and soil heterogeneity impacts carbon mineralization and subsequent greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kaikai Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haowei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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15
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Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Izquierdo L, Mourocq E, Benedetti Y, Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki ML, Jokimäki J, Morelli F, Rubio E, Pérez-Contreras T, Sprau P, Suhonen J, Tryjanowski P, Díaz M. Urban landscape organization is associated with species-specific traits in European birds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:167937. [PMID: 37871820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is one of the main current drivers of the global biodiversity loss. Cities are usually developed in a gradient between land-sharing (low density housing with small and fragmented green areas) and land-sparing areas (high density housing with large and non-fragmented green patches) depending on the spatial organization of urban attributes. Previous studies have indicated differences in biodiversity between these two urban development types, but mechanisms underlying these differences are inadequately understood. In this context, the landscape features of each urban development type may select for organisms with specific traits. To analyze it, we quantified birds in 9 European cities during the breeding and wintering season, collected species-specific traits and performed Bayesian comparative analyses. We found that birds living in land-sparing areas had a higher reproductive investment and a higher nesting specialization than birds living in land-sharing areas during the breeding season. Typical birds from land-sparing urban areas during winter are fast-lived species. Our results indicate that urban development type could have an important role selecting animal traits and provides useful information on how to build more biodiversity-friendly cities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucía Izquierdo
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Emeline Mourocq
- Giving Life To Data-Biostatistics Analysis Services, Les Fournels, FR-34390 Prémian, France
| | - Yanina Benedetti
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jukka Jokimäki
- Nature Inventory and EIA-Services, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, P. O. Box 122, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Federico Morelli
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana St. 1, PL-65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Enrique Rubio
- Dept of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Univ. Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, C/José Antonio Novais, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Pérez-Contreras
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Philipp Sprau
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jukka Suhonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, PL-60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (BGC-MNCN-CSIC), E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Yang L, Shen K, Xu X, Xiao D, Cao H, Lin Y, Zheng X, Zhao M, Han W. Adding Corbicula fluminea altered the effect of plant species diversity on greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen removal from constructed wetlands in the low-temperature season. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168092. [PMID: 37879465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant species diversity is crucial in greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen removal from constructed wetlands (CWs). However, previous studies have overlooked the impact of benthos on cumulative greenhouse gas emissions during the low-temperature season in CWs. In this study, we established 66 vertical flow CWs with three levels of species richness (1, 2, and 4 species) and eleven species compositions. The Corbicula fluminea was added or not added at each diversity level and monitored greenhouse gas emissions and effluent nitrogen concentration. Our findings indicated that (1) in microcosms without C. fluminea, high species richness significantly increased effluent nitrogen concentrations (NO3--N, NH4+-N, and TIN), but plant species richness did not affect cumulative CH4, N2O, and CO2 emissions. The presence of Hemerocallis fulva significantly increased cumulative CO2 emissions, while the presence of Iris tectorum significantly increased effluent nitrogen (NO3--N and TIN) concentrations and cumulative N2O emissions; (2) in microcosms with C. fluminea, the lowest cumulative CH4 emissions occurred when there were two species, but plant species richness did not affect cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions. The presence of H. fulva significantly increased cumulative CH4 emissions, while the presence of Reineckea carnea significantly increased effluent nitrogen (NO3--N, NH4+- N, TIN) concentrations; (3) at the same diversity level, the addition of C. fluminea significantly increased cumulative CH4 and N2O emissions, as well as effluent nitrogen concentrations. These results demonstrate that C. fluminea alters the effect of plant species diversity on cumulative greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen removal from CWs during the low-temperature season. We recommend using a two-species mixture to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, we caution against using plant compositions with H. fulva or I. tectorum for effective wastewater treatment and greenhouse gas reduction in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xile Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Derong Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China; Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishi Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyong Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China; Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China; Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Han
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China; Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Chao A, Chiu CH, Hu KH, van der Plas F, Cadotte MW, Mitesser O, Thorn S, Mori AS, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Eisenhauer N, Bässler C, Delory BM, Feldhaar H, Fichtner A, Hothorn T, Peters MK, Pierick K, von Oheimb G, Müller J. Hill-Chao numbers allow decomposing gamma multifunctionality into alpha and beta components. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14336. [PMID: 38073071 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has provided strong evidence and mechanistic underpinnings to support positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning, from single to multiple functions. This research has provided knowledge gained mainly at the local alpha scale (i.e. within ecosystems), but the increasing homogenization of landscapes in the Anthropocene has raised the potential that declining biodiversity at the beta (across ecosystems) and gamma scales is likely to also impact ecosystem functioning. Drawing on biodiversity theory, we propose a new statistical framework based on Hill-Chao numbers. The framework allows decomposition of multifunctionality at gamma scales into alpha and beta components, a critical but hitherto missing tool in BEF research; it also allows weighting of individual ecosystem functions. Through the proposed decomposition, new BEF results for beta and gamma scales are discovered. Our novel approach is applicable across ecosystems and connects local- and landscape-scale BEF assessments from experiments to natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Huo Chiu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsiang Hu
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver Mitesser
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology, Biodiversity Center, Gießen, Germany
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claus Bässler
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Conservation Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Ecology of Fungi, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Delory
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Hothorn
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcell K Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Pierick
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
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18
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Song S, Xiong K, Chi Y. Response of grassland ecosystem function to plant functional traits under different vegetation restoration models in areas of karst desertification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1239190. [PMID: 38148857 PMCID: PMC10749941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1239190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional traits serve as a bridge between plants, the environment, and ecosystem function, playing an important role in predicting the changes in ecosystem function that occur during ecological restoration. However, the response of grassland ecosystem function to plant functional traits in the context of ecological restoration in areas of karst desertification remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we selected five plant functional traits [namely, plant height (H), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), root length (RL), and root dry matter content (RDMC)], measured these along with community-weighted mean (CWM) and functional trait diversity, and combined these measures with 10 indexes related to ecosystem function in order to investigate the differences in plant functional traits and ecosystem function, as well as the relationship between plant functional traits and ecosystem functions, under four ecological restoration models [Dactylis glomerata (DG), Lolium perenne (LP), Lolium perenne + Trifolium repens (LT), and natural grassland (NG)]. We found that: 1) the Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener index were significantly lower for plant species in DG and LP than for those in NG (P<0.05), while the Simpson index was significantly higher in the former than in NG (P<0.05); 2) CWMH, CWMLDMC, and CWMRDMC were significantly higher in DG, LP, and LT than in NG, while CWMSLA was significantly lower in the former than in NG (P<0.05). The functional richness index (FRic) was significantly higher in DG and LP than in NG and LT, but the functional dispersion index (FDis) and Rao's quadratic entropy index (RaoQ) were significantly lower in DG and LP than in NG and LT (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between DG and LP, or between NG and LT (P>0.05); 3) ecosystem function, including ecosystem productivity, carbon storage, water conservation and soil conservation, was highest in LT and lowest in NG; and 4) CWMLDMC (F=56.7, P=0.024), CWMRL (F=28.7, P=0.024), and CWMH (F=4.5, P=0.048) were the main factors affecting ecosystem function. The results showed that the mixed pasture of perennial ryegrass and white clover was most conductive to restoration of ecosystem function. This discovery has important implications for the establishment of vegetation, optimal utilization of resources, and the sustainable development of degraded karst ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Song
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kangning Xiong
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongkuan Chi
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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19
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Noriega JA, Hortal J, deCastro-Arrazola I, Alves-Martins F, Ortega JCG, Bini LM, Andrew NR, Arellano L, Beynon S, Davis ALV, Favila ME, Floate KD, Horgan FG, Menéndez R, Milotic T, Nervo B, Palestrini C, Rolando A, Scholtz CH, Senyüz Y, Wassmer T, Ádam R, Araújo CDO, Barragan-Ramírez JL, Boros G, Camero-Rubio E, Cruz M, Cuesta E, Damborsky MP, Deschodt CM, Rajan PD, D'hondt B, Díaz Rojas A, Dindar K, Escobar F, Espinoza VR, Ferrer-Paris JR, Gutiérrez Rojas PE, Hemmings Z, Hernández B, Hill SJ, Hoffmann M, Jay-Robert P, Lewis K, Lewis M, Lozano C, Marín-Armijos D, de Farias PM, Murcia-Ordoñez B, Karimbumkara SN, Navarrete-Heredia JL, Ortega-Echeverría C, Pablo-Cea JD, Perrin W, Pessoa MB, Radhakrishnan A, Rahimi I, Raimundo AT, Ramos DC, Rebolledo RE, Roggero A, Sánchez-Mercado A, Somay L, Stadler J, Tahmasebi P, Triana Céspedes JD, Santos AMC. Dung removal increases under higher dung beetle functional diversity regardless of grazing intensification. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8070. [PMID: 38057312 PMCID: PMC10700315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dung removal by macrofauna such as dung beetles is an important process for nutrient cycling in pasturelands. Intensification of farming practices generally reduces species and functional diversity of terrestrial invertebrates, which may negatively affect ecosystem services. Here, we investigate the effects of cattle-grazing intensification on dung removal by dung beetles in field experiments replicated in 38 pastures around the world. Within each study site, we measured dung removal in pastures managed with low- and high-intensity regimes to assess between-regime differences in dung beetle diversity and dung removal, whilst also considering climate and regional variations. The impacts of intensification were heterogeneous, either diminishing or increasing dung beetle species richness, functional diversity, and dung removal rates. The effects of beetle diversity on dung removal were more variable across sites than within sites. Dung removal increased with species richness across sites, while functional diversity consistently enhanced dung removal within sites, independently of cattle grazing intensity or climate. Our findings indicate that, despite intensified cattle stocking rates, ecosystem services related to decomposition and nutrient cycling can be maintained when a functionally diverse dung beetle community inhabits the human-modified landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ari Noriega
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Agua, Salud y Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Joaquín Hortal
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Indradatta deCastro-Arrazola
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernanda Alves-Martins
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Jean C G Ortega
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luis Mauricio Bini
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Nigel R Andrew
- Insect Ecology Laboratory, Natural History Museum, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucrecia Arellano
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Sarah Beynon
- Dr Beynon's Bug Farm; St Davids, Pembrokeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L V Davis
- Invertebrate Systematics and Conservation Group, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Mario E Favila
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Kevin D Floate
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Finbarr G Horgan
- EcoLaVerna Integral Restoration Ecology; Bridestown, County Cork, Ireland
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Curicó, Chile
| | - Rosa Menéndez
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Tanja Milotic
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Beatrice Nervo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Palestrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Rolando
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Clarke H Scholtz
- Invertebrate Systematics and Conservation Group, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Yakup Senyüz
- Kütahya Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Thomas Wassmer
- Department of Biology, Siena Heights University, Adrian, MI, USA
| | - Réka Ádam
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Cristina de O Araújo
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Gergely Boros
- Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute for Wildlife Management and Nature Conservation, Department of Zoology and Ecology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edgar Camero-Rubio
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Melvin Cruz
- Independent researcher, Chalatenango, El Salvador
| | - Eva Cuesta
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miryam Pieri Damborsky
- Biología de los Artrópodos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE-FaCENA), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Christian M Deschodt
- Invertebrate Systematics and Conservation Group, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan
- Insect Biosystematics and Conservation Laboratory, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India
| | - Bram D'hondt
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alfonso Díaz Rojas
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Kemal Dindar
- Kütahya Dumlupinar University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Federico Escobar
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Verónica R Espinoza
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Rafael Ferrer-Paris
- Centro de Estudios Botánicos y Agroforestales, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
- UNSW Data Science Hub, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Pablo Enrique Gutiérrez Rojas
- Grupo de investigación Biodiversidad y desarrollo Amazónico - BYDA, Centro de investigación Cesar Augusto Estrada González - MACAGUAL, Programa de Biología, Facultad Ciencias Básicas- Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia
| | - Zac Hemmings
- Insect Ecology Laboratory, Natural History Museum, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamín Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Instituto Tecnológico de Tlajomulco, Tecnológico Nacional de México; Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sarah J Hill
- Insect Ecology Laboratory, Natural History Museum, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Maurice Hoffmann
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Jay-Robert
- CEFE, University Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Kyle Lewis
- Dr Beynon's Bug Farm; St Davids, Pembrokeshire, United Kingdom
- Pembrokeshire College, Haverfordwest, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Lewis
- Harper Adams University, Newport, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Cecilia Lozano
- Centro de Estudios Botánicos y Agroforestales, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Diego Marín-Armijos
- Colección de Invertebrados Sur del Ecuador, Museo de Zoología CISEC-MUTPL, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Patrícia Menegaz de Farias
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Betselene Murcia-Ordoñez
- Grupo de investigación Biodiversidad y desarrollo Amazónico - BYDA, Centro de investigación Cesar Augusto Estrada González - MACAGUAL, Programa de Biología, Facultad Ciencias Básicas- Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia
| | - Seena Narayanan Karimbumkara
- Insect Biosystematics and Conservation Laboratory, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - José D Pablo-Cea
- Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática, Universidad de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - William Perrin
- CEFE, University Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Marcelo Bruno Pessoa
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Anu Radhakrishnan
- Insect Biosystematics and Conservation Laboratory, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India
| | - Iraj Rahimi
- Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amalia Teresa Raimundo
- Biología de los Artrópodos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE-FaCENA), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | | | - Ramón E Rebolledo
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Angela Roggero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ada Sánchez-Mercado
- Centro de Estudios Botánicos y Agroforestales, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
- Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | - László Somay
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Jutta Stadler
- Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pejman Tahmasebi
- Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - José Darwin Triana Céspedes
- Grupo de investigación Biodiversidad y desarrollo Amazónico - BYDA, Centro de investigación Cesar Augusto Estrada González - MACAGUAL, Programa de Biología, Facultad Ciencias Básicas- Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia
| | - Ana M C Santos
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Xu Y, Lan H, Wang B, Zhao X, Li D, Yang Y, Xie Y, Sun W. Identifying priority areas for freshwater supply conservation integrating multi-scale freshwater flows. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118722. [PMID: 37542864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Identifying priority areas for conservation is an effective measurement for the sustainable provision of ecosystem services (ESs) under threats globally. Although many approaches have been developed to identify conservation priority areas by combining supply and demand of ESs, the integration of ESs flows into the identification still need further exploration. For ESs like freshwater supply services, the processes of freshwater flows across multiple scales are crucial. This study aimed to propose a new study framework to identify priority areas for freshwater supply conservation by integrating the multi-scale (i.e., sub-watershed, tributary, and mainstream) freshwater flows, using the Yangtze River Delta as the study area. The results suggested that spatial mismatches between the supply and demand of freshwater supply services existed at different scales. There were approximately 129, 58, and 55 pairs of freshwater flows in sub-watersheds, tributaries, and mainstreams, respectively, which transported 5.98 × 1010 m3, 2.07 × 1010 m3 and 2.50 × 1010 m3 of freshwater. The results of multi-scale freshwater flows were integrated into conservation target goals, and the identified priority areas for freshwater supply conservation were selected at three scales. The priority areas selected at the sub-watershed scale were the largest. Compared with the traditional method of identifying priority areas without considering freshwater flows, the priority areas identified in this study included both sites with a high supply capacity and sites with a relatively low supply capacity, as they were significant for meeting the local freshwater demand. The increasing understanding of freshwater flows and the integration of the flows for the identification of priority areas for freshwater supply conservation are important for the development of more practical and rational policies or ecological management for the sustainable conservation of ESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Hailian Lan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Benyao Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Landscape Management and Instructional Station, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Dehuan Li
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yixuan Yang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yujing Xie
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Fudan Institute of Belt and Road & Global Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai, PR China.
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21
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O'Shaughnessy KA, Knights AM, Hawkins SJ, Hanley ME, Lunt P, Thompson RC, Firth LB. Metrics matter: Multiple diversity metrics at different spatial scales are needed to understand species diversity in urban environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:164958. [PMID: 37331387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, natural habitats are being replaced by artificial structures due to urbanisation. Planning of such modifications should strive for environmental net gain that benefits biodiversity and ecosystems. Alpha (α) and gamma (γ) diversity are often used to assess 'impact' but are insensitive metrics. We test several diversity measures across two spatial scales to compare species diversity in natural and artificial habitats. We show γ-diversity indicates equivalency in biodiversity between natural and artificial habitats, but natural habitats support greater taxon (α) and functional richness. Within-site β-diversity was also greater in natural habitats, but among-site β-diversity was greater in artificial habitats, contradicting the commonly held view that urban ecosystems are more biologically homogenous than natural ecosystems. This study suggests artificial habitats may in fact provide novel habitat for biodiversity, challenges the applicability of the urban homogenisation concept and highlights a significant limitation of using just α-diversity (i.e., multiple metrics are needed and recommended) for assessing environmental net gain and attaining biodiversity conservation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A O'Shaughnessy
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom; APEM Ltd, Heaton Mersey, Stockport, United Kingdom.
| | - Antony M Knights
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephen J Hawkins
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom; School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
| | - Mick E Hanley
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul Lunt
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard C Thompson
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
| | - Louise B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
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22
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Albert G, Gauzens B, Ryser R, Thébault E, Wang S, Brose U. Animal and plant space-use drive plant diversity-productivity relationships. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1792-1802. [PMID: 37553981 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant community productivity generally increases with biodiversity, but the strength of this relationship exhibits strong empirical variation. In meta-food-web simulations, we addressed if the spatial overlap in plants' resource access and animal space-use can explain such variability. We found that spatial overlap of plant resource access is a prerequisite for positive diversity-productivity relationships, but causes exploitative competition that can lead to competitive exclusion. Space-use of herbivores causes apparent competition among plants, resulting in negative relationships. However, space-use of larger top predators integrates sub-food webs composed of smaller species, offsetting the negative effects of exploitative and apparent competition and leading to strongly positive diversity-productivity relationships. Overall, our results show that spatial overlap of plants' resource access and animal space-use can greatly alter the strength and sign of such relationships. In particular, the scaling of animal space-use effects opens new perspectives for linking landscape processes without effects on biodiversity to productivity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Albert
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Forest Nature Conservation, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Remo Ryser
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Elisa Thébault
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Université Paris Est Créteil, Université Paris Cité, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Science (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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23
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Leale A, Auxier B, Smid EJ, Schoustra S. Influence of metabolic guilds on a temporal scale in an experimental fermented food derived microbial community. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad112. [PMID: 37771082 PMCID: PMC10550249 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of community diversity, which can be measured at the level of metabolic guilds, on community function is a central question in ecology. Particularly, the long-term temporal dynamic between a community's function and its diversity remains unclear. We investigated the influence of metabolic guild diversity on associated community function by propagating natural microbial communities from a traditionally fermented milk beverage diluted to various levels. Specifically, we assessed the influence of less abundant microbial types, such as yeast, on community functionality and bacterial community compositions over repeated propagation cycles amounting to ∼100 generations. The starting richness of metabolic guilds had a repeatable effect on bacterial community compositions, metabolic profiles, and acidity. The influence of a single metabolic guild, yeast in our study, played a dramatic role on function, but interestingly not on long-term species sorting trajectories of the remaining bacterial community. Our results together suggest an unexpected niche division between yeast and bacterial communities and evidence ecological selection on the microbial communities in our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Leale
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Auxier
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddy J Smid
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen Schoustra
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
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24
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Dias TDC, Silveira LF, Francisco MR. Spatiotemporal dynamics reveals forest rejuvenation, fragmentation, and edge effects in an Atlantic Forest hotspot, the Pernambuco Endemism Center, northeastern Brazil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291234. [PMID: 37682943 PMCID: PMC10490850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Large forested tracts are increasingly rare in the tropics, where conservation managers are often presented with the challenge of preserving biodiversity in small and isolated fragments. The Atlantic Forest is one of the world's most important biodiversity hotspots, jeopardized by habitat loss and fragmentation. The Pernambuco Endemism Center (PEC) is the most degraded of the Atlantic Forest regions and because of the dramatic levels of deforestation, fragmentation, and ongoing species losses, studies on the distribution and configuration of the PEC's forest cover are necessary. However, across dynamic tropical landscapes, investigating changes over time is essential because it may reveal trends in forest quality attributes. Here, we used Google Earth Engine to assess land use and land cover data from MapBiomas ranging from 1985 to 2020 to calculate current landscape metrics and to reveal for the first time the spatiotemporal dynamics of the PEC's forests. We identified a forest cover area that ranged from 571,661 ha in 1985 to 539,877 ha in 2020, and about 90% of the fragments were smaller than 10 ha. The average fragment size was about 11 ha, and only four fragments had more than 5,000 ha. Deforestation was mostly concentrated in northern Alagoas, southern Pernambuco, and non-coastal Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. On average, borders represented 53.6% of the forests from 1985 to 2020, and younger forests covered 52.3% of the area in 2017, revealing a vegetation rejuvenation process 2.5 times higher than in total Atlantic Forest. In 2017, older forest cores in fragments larger than 1000 ha (i.e., higher-quality habitats) represented only 12% of the remaining forests. We recommend that the amount of forest cover alone may poorly assist conservation managers, and our results indicate that ensuring legal protection and increasing surveillance of the PEC's few last higher-quality habitats is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago da Costa Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Fábio Silveira
- Seção de Aves, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mercival Roberto Francisco
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Wisnoski NI, Andrade R, Castorani MCN, Catano CP, Compagnoni A, Lamy T, Lany NK, Marazzi L, Record S, Smith AC, Swan CM, Tonkin JD, Voelker NM, Zarnetske PL, Sokol ER. Diversity-stability relationships across organism groups and ecosystem types become decoupled across spatial scales. Ecology 2023; 104:e4136. [PMID: 37401548 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between biodiversity and stability, or its inverse, temporal variability, is multidimensional and complex. Temporal variability in aggregate properties, like total biomass or abundance, is typically lower in communities with higher species diversity (i.e., the diversity-stability relationship [DSR]). At broader spatial extents, regional-scale aggregate variability is also lower with higher regional diversity (in plant systems) and with lower spatial synchrony. However, focusing exclusively on aggregate properties of communities may overlook potentially destabilizing compositional shifts. It is not yet clear how diversity is related to different components of variability across spatial scales, nor whether regional DSRs emerge across a broad range of organisms and ecosystem types. To test these questions, we compiled a large collection of long-term metacommunity data spanning a wide range of taxonomic groups (e.g., birds, fish, plants, invertebrates) and ecosystem types (e.g., deserts, forests, oceans). We applied a newly developed quantitative framework for jointly analyzing aggregate and compositional variability across scales. We quantified DSRs for composition and aggregate variability in local communities and metacommunities. At the local scale, more diverse communities were less variable, but this effect was stronger for aggregate than compositional properties. We found no stabilizing effect of γ-diversity on metacommunity variability, but β-diversity played a strong role in reducing compositional spatial synchrony, which reduced regional variability. Spatial synchrony differed among taxa, suggesting differences in stabilization by spatial processes. However, metacommunity variability was more strongly driven by local variability than by spatial synchrony. Across a broader range of taxa, our results suggest that high γ-diversity does not consistently stabilize aggregate properties at regional scales without sufficient spatial β-diversity to reduce spatial synchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan I Wisnoski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
- Wyoming Geographic Information Science Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Riley Andrade
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Max C N Castorani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher P Catano
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Aldo Compagnoni
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Lamy
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nina K Lany
- Northern Research Station, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Luca Marazzi
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Thames21, London, UK
| | - Sydne Record
- Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Annie C Smith
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympia, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher M Swan
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan D Tonkin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Te Pūnaha Matatini Centre of Research Excellence, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Bioprotection Aotearoa Centre of Research Excellence, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicole M Voelker
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Phoebe L Zarnetske
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric R Sokol
- National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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26
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Yao J, Huang J, Zang R. Alpha and beta diversity jointly drive the aboveground biomass in temperate and tropical forests. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10487. [PMID: 37664512 PMCID: PMC10468913 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in biodiversity often affect ecosystem functioning. However, most previous biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) studies have generally been limited to very small spatial grains. Thus, knowledge regarding the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships across spatial scales is lacking. Moreover, the multiscale nature of biodiversity, and specifically β diversity (i.e., spatial heterogeneity in species composition) was still largely missing in BEF studies. Here, using the vegetation and functional trait data collected from four 6-ha forest dynamics plots (FDPs) in temperate and tropical forests in China, we examine the scale-dependent relationships between tree diversity and the aboveground biomass (AGB), as well as the roles of species spatial heterogeneity in determining the AGB. In tropical forests, the effect of species richness on AGB decreased with spatial grains, while functional dominance played a stronger role at larger spatial grains. In temperate forests, positive relationship between diversity and AGB occurred at all spatial grains, especially on smaller scales. In both temperate and tropical forests, β diversity was positively correlated with AGB, but weaker than α diversity in determining AGB. Overall, complementarity and selection hypothesis play dominant role in determining AGB in temperate and tropical forests, respectively. The roles of these underlying mechanisms are more pronounced with increasing spatial scales. β diversity, a hitherto underexplored facet of biodiversity, is likely to increase ecosystem functions by species spatial turnover and should not be neglected in BEF explorations. Our findings have practical implications for forest management and demonstrate that biotic heterogeneity plays an important positive role in ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yao
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijingChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jihong Huang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijingChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Runguo Zang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijingChina
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
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27
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Lammerant R, Rita A, Borghetti M, Muscarella R. Water-limited environments affect the association between functional diversity and forest productivity. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10406. [PMID: 37560182 PMCID: PMC10408253 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The link between biodiversity and ecosystem function can depend on environmental conditions. This contingency can impede our ability to predict how biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) relationships will respond to future environmental change, causing a clear need to explore the processes underlying shifts in BEF relationships across large spatial scales and broad environmental gradients. We compiled a dataset on five functional traits (maximum height, wood density, specific leaf area [SLA], seed size, and xylem vulnerability to embolism [P50]), covering 78%-90% of the tree species in the National Forest Inventory from Italy, to test (i) how a water limitation gradient shapes the functional composition and diversity of forests, (ii) how functional composition and diversity of trees relate to forest annual increment via mass ratio and complementarity effects, and (iii) how the relationship between functional diversity and annual increment varies between Mediterranean and temperate climate regions. Functional composition varied with water limitation; tree communities tended to have more conservative traits in sites with higher levels of water limitation. The response of functional diversity differed among traits and climatic regions but among temperate forest plots, we found a consistent increase of functional diversity with water limitation. Tree diversity was positively associated with annual increment of Italian forests through a combination of mass ratio and niche complementarity effects, but the relative importance of these effects depended on the trait and range of climate considered. Specifically, niche complementarity effects were more strongly associated with annual increment in the Mediterranean compared to temperate forests. Synthesis: Overall, our results suggest that biodiversity mediates forest annual increment under water-limited conditions by promoting beneficial interactions between species and complementarity in resource use. Our work highlights the importance of conserving functional diversity for future forest management to maintain forest annual increment under the expected increase in intensity and frequency of drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Lammerant
- Department of Ecology & GeneticsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Present address:
Tvärminne Zoological StationUniversity of HelsinkiHankoFinland
| | - Angelo Rita
- Dipartimento di AgrariaUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIPortici (Napoli)Italy
| | - Marco Borghetti
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed AmbientaliUniversità degli Studi della BasilicataPotenzaItaly
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28
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Yan P, Fernández-Martínez M, Van Meerbeek K, Yu G, Migliavacca M, He N. The essential role of biodiversity in the key axes of ecosystem function. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4569-4585. [PMID: 36880889 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity is essential for maintaining the terrestrial ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). Recent studies have revealed that the variations in terrestrial ecosystem functions are captured by three key axes: the maximum productivity, water use efficiency, and carbon use efficiency of the ecosystem. However, the role of biodiversity in supporting these three key axes has not yet been explored. In this study, we combined the (i) data collected from more than 840 vegetation plots across a large climatic gradient in China using standard protocols, (ii) data on plant traits and phylogenetic information for more than 2,500 plant species, and (iii) soil nutrient data measured in each plot. These data were used to systematically assess the contribution of environmental factors, species richness, functional and phylogenetic diversity, and community-weighted mean (CWM) and ecosystem traits (i.e., traits intensity normalized per unit land area) to EMF via hierarchical partitioning and Bayesian structural equation modeling. Multiple biodiversity attributes accounted for 70% of the influence of all the variables on EMF, and ecosystems with high functional diversity had high resource use efficiency. Our study is the first to systematically explore the role of different biodiversity attributes, including species richness, phylogenetic and functional diversity, and CWM and ecosystem traits, in the key axes of ecosystem functions. Our findings underscore that biodiversity conservation is critical for sustaining EMF and ultimately ensuring human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- BEECA-UB, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mirco Migliavacca
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Earth Critical Zone and Flux Research Station of Xing'an Mountains, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Daxing'anling, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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29
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Blanchet S, Fargeot L, Raffard A. Phylogenetically-conserved candidate genes unify biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships and eco-evolutionary dynamics across biological scales. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:4467-4481. [PMID: 37296539 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The intra- and interspecific facets of biodiversity have traditionally been analysed separately, limiting our understanding of how evolution has shaped biodiversity, how biodiversity (as a whole) alters ecological dynamics and hence eco-evolutionary feedbacks at the community scale. Here, we propose using candidate genes phylogenetically-conserved across species and sustaining functional traits as an inclusive biodiversity unit transcending the intra- and interspecific boundaries. This framework merges knowledge from functional genomics and functional ecology, and we first provide guidelines and a concrete example for identifying phylogenetically-conserved candidate genes (PCCGs) within communities and for measuring biodiversity from PCCGs. We then explain how biodiversity measured at PCCGs can be linked to ecosystem functions, which unifies recent observations that both intra- and interspecific biodiversity are important for ecosystem functions. We then highlight the eco-evolutionary processes shaping PCCG diversity patterns and argue that their respective role can be inferred from concepts derived from population genetics. Finally, we explain how PCCGs may shift the field of eco-evolutionary dynamics from a focal-species approach to a more realistic focal-community approach. This framework provides a novel perspective to investigate the global ecosystem consequences of diversity loss across biological scales, and how these ecological changes further alter biodiversity evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Blanchet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis, UAR2029, Moulis, France
| | - Laura Fargeot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis, UAR2029, Moulis, France
| | - Allan Raffard
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTEL, Thonon-les-Bains, France
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30
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Gonzalez A, Chase JM, O'Connor MI. A framework for the detection and attribution of biodiversity change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220182. [PMID: 37246383 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The causes of biodiversity change are of great scientific interest and central to policy efforts aimed at meeting biodiversity targets. Changes in species diversity and high rates of compositional turnover have been reported worldwide. In many cases, trends in biodiversity are detected, but these trends are rarely causally attributed to possible drivers. A formal framework and guidelines for the detection and attribution of biodiversity change is needed. We propose an inferential framework to guide detection and attribution analyses, which identifies five steps-causal modelling, observation, estimation, detection and attribution-for robust attribution. This workflow provides evidence of biodiversity change in relation to hypothesized impacts of multiple potential drivers and can eliminate putative drivers from contention. The framework encourages a formal and reproducible statement of confidence about the role of drivers after robust methods for trend detection and attribution have been deployed. Confidence in trend attribution requires that data and analyses used in all steps of the framework follow best practices reducing uncertainty at each step. We illustrate these steps with examples. This framework could strengthen the bridge between biodiversity science and policy and support effective actions to halt biodiversity loss and the impacts this has on ecosystems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) 06099, Germany
| | - Mary I O'Connor
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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31
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Mori AS, Suzuki KF, Hori M, Kadoya T, Okano K, Uraguchi A, Muraoka H, Sato T, Shibata H, Suzuki-Ohno Y, Koba K, Toda M, Nakano SI, Kondoh M, Kitajima K, Nakamura M. Perspective: sustainability challenges, opportunities and solutions for long-term ecosystem observations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220192. [PMID: 37246388 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As interest in natural capital grows and society increasingly recognizes the value of biodiversity, we must discuss how ecosystem observations to detect changes in biodiversity can be sustained through collaboration across regions and sectors. However, there are many barriers to establishing and sustaining large-scale, fine-resolution ecosystem observations. First, comprehensive monitoring data on both biodiversity and possible anthropogenic factors are lacking. Second, some in situ ecosystem observations cannot be systematically established and maintained across locations. Third, equitable solutions across sectors and countries are needed to build a global network. Here, by examining individual cases and emerging frameworks, mainly from (but not limited to) Japan, we illustrate how ecological science relies on long-term data and how neglecting basic monitoring of our home planet further reduces our chances of overcoming the environmental crisis. We also discuss emerging techniques and opportunities, such as environmental DNA and citizen science as well as using the existing and forgotten sites of monitoring, that can help overcome some of the difficulties in establishing and sustaining ecosystem observations at a large scale with fine resolution. Overall, this paper presents a call to action for joint monitoring of biodiversity and anthropogenic factors, the systematic establishment and maintenance of in situ observations, and equitable solutions across sectors and countries to build a global network, beyond cultures, languages, and economic status. We hope that our proposed framework and the examples from Japan can serve as a starting point for further discussions and collaborations among stakeholders across multiple sectors of society. It is time to take the next step in detecting changes in socio-ecological systems, and if monitoring and observation can be made more equitable and feasible, they will play an even more important role in ensuring global sustainability for future generations. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kureha F Suzuki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hori
- Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 6F Technowave100, 1-1-25 Shin-urashima, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8529, Japan
| | - Taku Kadoya
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kotaro Okano
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Aya Uraguchi
- Conservation International Japan, 1-17 Yotsuya, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0014, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Muraoka
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sato
- International Strategy Division, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shibata
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, N9 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0809, Japan
| | - Yukari Suzuki-Ohno
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Mariko Toda
- Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd. Shinjuku Front Tower, 21-1, Kita-Shinjuku 2-chome, Shinjukuku, Tokyo 169-0074, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakano
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Michio Kondoh
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Takaoka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 053-0035, Japan
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32
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Roswell M, Harrison T, Genung MA. Biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships change in sign and magnitude across the Hill diversity spectrum. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220186. [PMID: 37246374 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivated by accelerating anthropogenic extinctions, decades of biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) experiments show that ecosystem function declines with species loss from local communities. Yet, at the local scale, changes in species' total and relative abundances are more common than species loss. The consensus best biodiversity measures are Hill numbers, which use a scaling parameter, ℓ, to emphasize rarer versus more common species. Shifting that emphasis captures distinct, function-relevant biodiversity gradients beyond species richness. Here, we hypothesized that Hill numbers that emphasize rare species more than richness does may distinguish large, complex and presumably higher-functioning assemblages from smaller and simpler ones. In this study, we tested which values of ℓ produce the strongest BEF relationships in community datasets of ecosystem functions provided by wild, free-living organisms. We found that ℓ values that emphasized rare species more than richness does most often correlated most strongly with ecosystem functions. As emphasis shifted to more common species, BEF correlations were often weak and/or negative. We argue that unconventional Hill diversities that shift emphasis towards rarer species may be useful for describing biodiversity change, and that employing a wide spectrum of Hill numbers can clarify mechanisms underlying BEF relationships. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Roswell
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Tina Harrison
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Mark A Genung
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
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33
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Losapio G, Genes L, Knight CJ, McFadden TN, Pavan L. Monitoring and modelling the effects of ecosystem engineers on ecosystem functioning. Funct Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianalberto Losapio
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California USA
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Biosciences University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Luísa Genes
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | | | - Tyler N. McFadden
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California USA
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Lucas Pavan
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California USA
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34
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Zhang H, Mächler E, Morsdorf F, Niklaus PA, Schaepman ME, Altermatt F. A spatial fingerprint of land-water linkage of biodiversity uncovered by remote sensing and environmental DNA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161365. [PMID: 36634788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are tightly connected via spatial flows of organisms and resources. Such land-water linkages integrate biodiversity across ecosystems and suggest a spatial association of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. However, knowledge about the extent of this spatial association is limited. By combining satellite remote sensing (RS) and environmental DNA (eDNA) extraction from river water across a 740-km2 mountainous catchment, we identify a characteristic spatial land-water fingerprint. Specifically, we find a spatial association of riverine eDNA diversity with RS spectral diversity of terrestrial ecosystems upstream, peaking at a 400 m distance yet still detectable up to a 2.0 km radius. Our findings show that biodiversity patterns in rivers can be linked to the functional diversity of surrounding terrestrial ecosystems and provide a dominant scale at which these linkages are strongest. Such spatially explicit information is necessary for a functional understanding of land-water linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Elvira Mächler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Felix Morsdorf
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal A Niklaus
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael E Schaepman
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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35
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Qiao X, Lamy T, Wang S, Hautier Y, Geng Y, White HJ, Zhang N, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Zhao X, von Gadow K. Latitudinal patterns of forest ecosystem stability across spatial scales as affected by biodiversity and environmental heterogeneity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2242-2255. [PMID: 36630490 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Our planet is facing a variety of serious threats from climate change that are unfolding unevenly across the globe. Uncovering the spatial patterns of ecosystem stability is important for predicting the responses of ecological processes and biodiversity patterns to climate change. However, the understanding of the latitudinal pattern of ecosystem stability across scales and of the underlying ecological drivers is still very limited. Accordingly, this study examines the latitudinal patterns of ecosystem stability at the local and regional spatial scale using a natural assembly of forest metacommunities that are distributed over a large temperate forest region, considering a range of potential environmental drivers. We found that the stability of regional communities (regional stability) and asynchronous dynamics among local communities (spatial asynchrony) both decreased with increasing latitude, whereas the stability of local communities (local stability) did not. We tested a series of hypotheses that potentially drive the spatial patterns of ecosystem stability, and found that although the ecological drivers of biodiversity, climatic history, resource conditions, climatic stability, and environmental heterogeneity varied with latitude, latitudinal patterns of ecosystem stability at multiple scales were affected by biodiversity and environmental heterogeneity. In particular, α diversity is positively associated with local stability, while β diversity is positively associated with spatial asynchrony, although both relationships are weak. Our study provides the first evidence that latitudinal patterns of the temporal stability of naturally assembled forest metacommunities across scales are driven by biodiversity and environmental heterogeneity. Our findings suggest that the preservation of plant biodiversity within and between forest communities and the maintenance of heterogeneous landscapes can be crucial to buffer forest ecosystems at higher latitudes from the faster and more intense negative impacts of climate change in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Qiao
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Lamy
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Geng
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hannah J White
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Naili Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhai Zhao
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Klaus von Gadow
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Forestry and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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36
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Daleo P, Alberti J, Chaneton EJ, Iribarne O, Tognetti PM, Bakker JD, Borer ET, Bruschetti M, MacDougall AS, Pascual J, Sankaran M, Seabloom EW, Wang S, Bagchi S, Brudvig LA, Catford JA, Dickman CR, Dickson TL, Donohue I, Eisenhauer N, Gruner DS, Haider S, Jentsch A, Knops JMH, Lekberg Y, McCulley RL, Moore JL, Mortensen B, Ohlert T, Pärtel M, Peri PL, Power SA, Risch AC, Rocca C, Smith NG, Stevens C, Tamme R, Veen GFC, Wilfahrt PA, Hautier Y. Environmental heterogeneity modulates the effect of plant diversity on the spatial variability of grassland biomass. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1809. [PMID: 37002217 PMCID: PMC10066197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant productivity varies due to environmental heterogeneity, and theory suggests that plant diversity can reduce this variation. While there is strong evidence of diversity effects on temporal variability of productivity, whether this mechanism extends to variability across space remains elusive. Here we determine the relationship between plant diversity and spatial variability of productivity in 83 grasslands, and quantify the effect of experimentally increased spatial heterogeneity in environmental conditions on this relationship. We found that communities with higher plant species richness (alpha and gamma diversity) have lower spatial variability of productivity as reduced abundance of some species can be compensated for by increased abundance of other species. In contrast, high species dissimilarity among local communities (beta diversity) is positively associated with spatial variability of productivity, suggesting that changes in species composition can scale up to affect productivity. Experimentally increased spatial environmental heterogeneity weakens the effect of plant alpha and gamma diversity, and reveals that beta diversity can simultaneously decrease and increase spatial variability of productivity. Our findings unveil the generality of the diversity-stability theory across space, and suggest that reduced local diversity and biotic homogenization can affect the spatial reliability of key ecosystem functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Enrique J Chaneton
- IFEVA-Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Av San Martín 4453 C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Iribarne
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Pedro M Tognetti
- IFEVA-Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Av San Martín 4453 C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathan D Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Martín Bruschetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrew S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Jesús Pascual
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Mahesh Sankaran
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560065, India
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Lars A Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, 30 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Chris R Dickman
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Timothy L Dickson
- University of Nebraska at Omaha, Department of Biology, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ian Donohue
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel S Gruner
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of Health & Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch and University of Montana, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 25 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Brent Mortensen
- Department of Biology, Benedictine College, Atchison, KS, USA
| | - Timothy Ohlert
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pablo L Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) -CONICET. Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Community Ecology, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Camila Rocca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP-CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Riin Tamme
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - G F Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PO Box 50, 6700, AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Wilfahrt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Borthagaray AI, Cunillera-Montcusí D, Bou J, Tornero I, Boix D, Anton-Pardo M, Ortiz E, Mehner T, Quintana XD, Gascón S, Arim M. Heterogeneity in the isolation of patches may be essential for the action of metacommunity mechanisms. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1125607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial isolation gradient of communities and the gradient in the species dispersal ability are recognized as determinants of biodiversity in metacommunities. In spite of this, mean field models, spatially explicit models, and experiments were mainly focused on idealized spatial arrangements of communities leaving aside the combining role of dispersal and isolation gradients in metacommunity processes. Consequently, we have an incipient understanding of the role of the real spatial arrangement of communities on biodiversity patterns. We focus on six metacommunities for which confident information about the spatial arrangement of water bodies is available. Using coalescent metacommunity models and null models that randomize the location of water bodies, we estimated the potential effect of the landscape on biodiversity and its dependence on species dispersal ability. At extremely low or high dispersal abilities, the location of ponds does not influence diversity because different communities are equally affected by the low or high incoming dispersal. At intermediate dispersal abilities, peripheral communities present a much lower richness and higher beta diversity than central communities. Moreover, metacommunities from real landscapes host more biodiversity than randomized landscapes, a result that is determined by the heterogeneity in the geographic isolation of communities. In a dispersal gradient, mass effects systematically increase the local richness and decrease beta diversity. However, the spatial arrangement of patches only has a large importance in metacommunity processes at intermediate dispersal abilities, which ensures access to central locations but limits dispersal in isolated communities. The ongoing reduction in spatial extent and simplification of the landscape may consequently undermine the metacommunity processes that support biodiversity, something that should be explicitly considered in preserving and restoring strategies.
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38
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Li C, Miao L, Adyel TM, Huang W, Wang J, Wu J, Hou J, Wang Z. Eukaryotes contribute more than bacteria to the recovery of freshwater ecosystem functions under different drought durations. Environ Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 36916068 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change mostly impacts river ecosystems by affecting microbial biodiversity and ecological functions. Considering the high functional redundancy of microorganisms, the unknown relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions obstructs river ecological research, especially under the influence of increasing weather extremes, such as in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES). Herein, dry-wet alternation experiments were conducted in artificial stream channels for 25 and 90 days of drought, both followed by 20 days of rewetting. The dynamic recovery of microbial biodiversity and ecosystem functions (represented by ecosystem metabolism and denitrification rate) were determined to analyse biodiversity-ecosystem-function (BEF) relationships after different drought durations. There was a significant difference between bacterial and eukaryotic biodiversity recovery after drought. Eukaryotic biodiversity was more sensitive to drought duration than bacterial, and the eukaryotic network was more stable under dry-wet alternations. Based on the establishment of partial least squares path models, we found that eukaryotic biodiversity has a stronger effect on ecosystem functions than bacteria after long-term drought. Indeed, this work represents a significant step forward for further research on the ecosystem functions of IRES, especially emphasizing the importance of eukaryotic biodiversity in the BEF relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tanveer M Adyel
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, 5095, Mawson, Australia
| | - Wei Huang
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, 100038, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, National Energy Administration, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Water Resources, 210029, Nanjing, China
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39
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Müller J, Mitesser O, Cadotte MW, van der Plas F, Mori AS, Ammer C, Chao A, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Baldrian P, Bässler C, Biedermann P, Cesarz S, Claßen A, Delory BM, Feldhaar H, Fichtner A, Hothorn T, Kuenzer C, Peters MK, Pierick K, Schmitt T, Schuldt B, Seidel D, Six D, Steffan-Dewenter I, Thorn S, von Oheimb G, Wegmann M, Weisser WW, Eisenhauer N. Enhancing the structural diversity between forest patches-A concept and real-world experiment to study biodiversity, multifunctionality and forest resilience across spatial scales. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1437-1450. [PMID: 36579623 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Intensification of land use by humans has led to a homogenization of landscapes and decreasing resilience of ecosystems globally due to a loss of biodiversity, including the majority of forests. Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has provided compelling evidence for a positive effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functions and services at the local (α-diversity) scale, but we largely lack empirical evidence on how the loss of between-patch β-diversity affects biodiversity and multifunctionality at the landscape scale (γ-diversity). Here, we present a novel concept and experimental framework for elucidating BEF patterns at α-, β-, and γ-scales in real landscapes at a forest management-relevant scale. We examine this framework using 22 temperate broadleaf production forests, dominated by Fagus sylvatica. In 11 of these forests, we manipulated the structure between forest patches by increasing variation in canopy cover and deadwood. We hypothesized that an increase in landscape heterogeneity would enhance the β-diversity of different trophic levels, as well as the β-functionality of various ecosystem functions. We will develop a new statistical framework for BEF studies extending across scales and incorporating biodiversity measures from taxonomic to functional to phylogenetic diversity using Hill numbers. We will further expand the Hill number concept to multifunctionality allowing the decomposition of γ-multifunctionality into α- and β-components. Combining this analytic framework with our experimental data will allow us to test how an increase in between patch heterogeneity affects biodiversity and multifunctionality across spatial scales and trophic levels to help inform and improve forest resilience under climate change. Such an integrative concept for biodiversity and functionality, including spatial scales and multiple aspects of diversity and multifunctionality as well as physical and environmental structure in forests, will go far beyond the current widely applied approach in forestry to increase resilience of future forests through the manipulation of tree species composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Müller
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Oliver Mitesser
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | | | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Claus Bässler
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Conservation Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Biedermann
- Chair of Forest Entomology and Protection, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Stegen, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alice Claßen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Delory
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Hothorn
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Kuenzer
- German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany
- Chair of Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcell K Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Pierick
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department for Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Department of Botany II, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Seidel
- Department for Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana Six
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology, State Institute for the Protection of Birds, Gießen, Germany
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Professur für Biodiversität und Naturschutz, Technische Universität Dresden, FR Forstwissenschaften, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Wegmann
- Chair of Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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40
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van der Plas F, Hennecke J, Chase JM, van Ruijven J, Barry KE. Universal beta-diversity-functioning relationships are neither observed nor expected. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:532-544. [PMID: 36806396 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Widespread evidence shows that local species richness (α-diversity) loss hampers the biomass production and stability of ecosystems. β-Diversity, namely the variation of species compositions among different ecological communities, represents another important biodiversity component, but studies on how it drives ecosystem functioning show mixed results. We argue that to better understand the importance of β-diversity we need to consider it across contexts. We focus on three scenarios that cause gradients in β-diversity: changes in (i) abiotic heterogeneity, (ii) habitat isolation, and (iii) species pool richness. We show that across these scenarios we should not expect universally positive relationships between β-diversity, production, and ecosystem stability. Nevertheless, predictable relationships between β-diversity and ecosystem functioning do exist in specific contexts, and can reconcile seemingly contrasting empirical relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Justus Hennecke
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jasper van Ruijven
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn E Barry
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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41
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Guo H, Zhou XB, Tao Y, Yin JF, Zhang L, Guo X, Liu CH, Zhang YM. Perennial herb diversity contributes more than annual herb diversity to multifunctionality in dryland ecosystems of North-western China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1099110. [PMID: 36890885 PMCID: PMC9986965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1099110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable attention has been given to how different aspects of biodiversity sustain ecosystem functions. Herbs are a critical component of the plant community of dryland ecosystems, but the importance of different life form groups of herbs is often overlooked in experiments on biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality. Hence, little is known about how the multiple attributes of diversity of different life form groups of herbs affect changes to the multifunctionality of ecosystems. METHODS We investigated geographic patterns of herb diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality along a precipitation gradient of 2100 km in Northwest China, and assessed the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional attributes of different life form groups of herbs on the multifunctionality. RESULTS We found that subordinate (richness effect) species of annual herbs and dominant (mass ratio effect) species of perennial herbs were crucial for driving multifunctionality. Most importantly, the multiple attributes (taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional) of herb diversity enhanced the multifunctionality. The functional diversity of herbs provided greater explanatory power than did taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. In addition, the multiple attribute diversity of perennial herbs contributed more than annual herbs to multifunctionality. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights into previously neglected mechanisms by which the diversity of different life form groups of herbs affect ecosystem multifunctionality. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between biodiversity and multifunctionality, and will ultimately contribute to multifunctional conservation and restoration programs in dryland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-fei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuan-ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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42
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Zhou Y, Zhang H, Liu D, Khashaveh A, Li Q, Wyckhuys KA, Wu K. Long-term insect censuses capture progressive loss of ecosystem functioning in East Asia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade9341. [PMID: 36735783 PMCID: PMC9897670 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Insects provide critical ecosystem services such as biological pest control, in which natural enemies (NE) regulate the populations of crop-feeding herbivores (H). While H-NE dynamics are routinely studied at small spatiotemporal scales, multiyear assessments over entire agrolandscapes are rare. Here, we draw on 18-year radar and searchlight trapping datasets (2003-2020) from eastern Asia to (i) assess temporal population trends of 98 airborne insect species and (ii) characterize the associated H-NE interplay. Although NE consistently constrain interseasonal H population growth, their summer abundance declined by 19.3% over time and prominent agricultural pests abandoned their equilibrium state. Within food webs composed of 124 bitrophic couplets, NE abundance annually fell by 0.7% and network connectance dropped markedly. Our research unveils how a progressive decline in insect numbers debilitates H trophic regulation and ecosystem stability at a macroscale, carrying implications for food security and (agro)ecological resilience during times of global environmental change.
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43
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The supply of multiple ecosystem services requires biodiversity across spatial scales. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:236-249. [PMID: 36376602 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of local biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning is well established, but the role of larger-scale biodiversity dynamics in the delivery of ecosystem services remains poorly understood. Here we address this gap using a comprehensive dataset describing the supply of 16 cultural, regulating and provisioning ecosystem services in 150 European agricultural grassland plots, and detailed multi-scale data on land use and plant diversity. After controlling for land-use and abiotic factors, we show that both plot-level and surrounding plant diversity play an important role in the supply of cultural and aboveground regulating ecosystem services. In contrast, provisioning and belowground regulating ecosystem services are more strongly driven by field-level management and abiotic factors. Structural equation models revealed that surrounding plant diversity promotes ecosystem services both directly, probably by fostering the spill-over of ecosystem service providers from surrounding areas, and indirectly, by maintaining plot-level diversity. By influencing the ecosystem services that local stakeholders prioritized, biodiversity at different scales was also shown to positively influence a wide range of stakeholder groups. These results provide a comprehensive picture of which ecosystem services rely most strongly on biodiversity, and the respective scales of biodiversity that drive these services. This key information is required for the upscaling of biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships, and the informed management of biodiversity within agricultural landscapes.
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44
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Genung MA, Reilly J, Williams NM, Buderi A, Gardner J, Winfree R. Rare and declining bee species are key to consistent pollination of wildflowers and crops across large spatial scales. Ecology 2023; 104:e3899. [PMID: 36263772 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity promotes ecosystem function (EF) in experiments, but it remains uncertain how biodiversity loss affects function in larger-scale natural ecosystems. In these natural ecosystems, rare and declining species are more likely to be lost, and function needs to be maintained across space and time. Here, we explore the importance of rare and declining bee species to the pollination of three wildflowers and three crops using large-scale (72 sites across 5000 km2 ), multi-year datasets. Half of the sampled bee species (82/164) were rare or declining, but these species provided only ~15% of overall pollination. To determine the number of species important to EF, we used two methods of "scaling up," both of which have previously been used for biodiversity-function analysis. First, we summed bee species' contributions to pollination across space and time and then found the minimum set of species needed to provide a threshold level of function across all sites; according to this method, effectively no rare and declining bee species were important to pollination. Second, we account for the "insurance value" of biodiversity by finding the minimum set of bee species needed to simultaneously provide a threshold level of function at each site in each year. The second method leads to the conclusion that 25 rare and eight declining bee species (36% and 53% of all rare and declining bee species, respectively) are included in the minimum set. Our findings provide some of the strongest evidence yet that rare and declining species are key to meeting threshold levels of EF, thereby providing a more direct link between real-world biodiversity loss and EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Genung
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Neal M Williams
- Department of Entomology, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Andrew Buderi
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joel Gardner
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rachael Winfree
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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45
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Montoya D. Variation in diversity-function relationships can be explained by species interactions. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:226-228. [PMID: 36751038 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Research Highlight: Wu, D., Xu, C., Wang, S., Zhang, L., & Kortsch, S. (2022). Why are biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships so elusive? Trophic interactions may amplify ecosystem function variability. Journal of Animal Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13808. There is consensus that average trends of ecosystem functions increase with species diversity. However, large variations in ecosystem function (VEF) in systems with similar diversity levels are commonly observed, yet not understood. In this study, Wu et al. (2022) integrate empirical aquatic food webs with a multitrophic model to show that VEF generally shows a hump-shaped pattern along the species richness gradient. This pattern is related to changes in taxa composition across trophic levels-the proportion of consumer species relative to basal species-along the gradient of species richness. Thus, VEF dependence on species diversity is driven by both bottom-up and top-down control that regulate taxa composition and taxa dominance. These results are corroborated with an independent food web dataset from the Gulf of Riga. An important implication of this study is that biodiversity loss may not only reduce the mean levels of ecosystem functioning, but also increase unpredictability of functions by generating greater function variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Montoya
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Liu Q, Duan L, Zhou Q. Total nitrogen and community turnover determine phosphorus use efficiency of phytoplankton along nutrient gradients in plateau lakes. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:699-711. [PMID: 36182175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies support that biodiversity predict most to ecosystem functioning, but whether other factors display a more significant direct impact on ecosystem functioning than biodiversity remains to be studied. We investigated 398 samples of the phytoplankton phosphorus resource use efficiency (RUEP = chlorophyll-a concentration/dissolved phosphate) across two seasons in nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China. We identified the main contributors to phytoplankton RUEP and analyzed their potential influences on RUEP at different lake trophic states. The results showed that total nitrogen (TN) contributed the most to RUEP among the nine lakes, whereas community turnover (measured as community dissimilarity) explained the most to RUEP variation across the two seasons. Moreover, TN also influenced RUEP by affecting biodiversity. Species richness (SR), functional attribute diversity (FAD2), and dendrogram-based functional diversity (FDc) were positively correlated with RUEP in both seasons, while evenness was negatively correlated with RUEP at the end of the rainy season. We also found that the effects of biodiversity and turnover on RUEP depended on the lake trophic states. SR and FAD2 were positively correlated with RUEP in all three trophic states. Evenness showed a negative correlation with RUEP at the eutrophic and oligotrophic levels, but a positive correlation at the mesotrophic level. Turnover had a negative influence on RUEP at the eutrophic level, but a positive influence at the mesotrophic and oligotrophic levels. Overall, our results suggested that multiple factors and nutrient states need to be considered when the ecosystem functioning predictors and the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hucai Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lizeng Duan
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qichao Zhou
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
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Xu H, Fu B, Lei J, Kang H, Wang J, Huang X, Zhu F. Soil microbial communities and their co-occurrence networks in response to long-term Pb-Zn contaminated soil in southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:26687-26702. [PMID: 36369447 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mining causes extreme heavy metal (HM) contamination to surrounding environments and poses threats to soil microbial community. The effects of HMs on soil microbial communities are not only related to their total amounts but also associated with the distribution of chemical fractions. However, the effects of chemical fractions on soil microbes and their interactions remain largely unclear. Here we investigated soil physicochemical properties and bacterial and fungal communities of soil samples from the control area and lightly (L), moderately (M), and heavily (H) contaminated areas, respectively, which were collected from long-term Pb-Zn slag contamination area in the southern China. The results showed that bacterial and fungal community composition and structure were significantly affected by HMs, while community diversity was not significantly affected by HMs. The critical environmental factor affecting bacterial and fungal communities was pH, and the impacts of chemical fractions on their changes were more significant than the total amounts of HMs. Variance partitioning analysis (VPA) revealed fungal community changes were mostly driven by HM total amounts, but bacterial community changes were mostly driven by soil chemical properties. Co-occurrence network indicated that interactions among species of fungal network were sparser than that of bacterial network, but fungal network was more stable, due to a more significant number of keystone taxa and a lower percentage of positive associations. These illustrated that the fungal community might serve as indicator taxa for HM-contaminated status, and specific HM-responsive fungal species such as Triangularia mangenotii, Saitozyma podzolica, and Cladosporium endophytica, and genus Rhizophagus can be considered relevant bioindicators due to their less relative abundance in contaminated areas. Additionally, HM-responsive bacterial OTUs representing five genera within Sulfurifustis, Thiobacillus, Sphingomonas, Qipengyuania, and Sulfurirhabdus were found to be tolerant to HM stress due to their high relative abundance in contaminated levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqing Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central-South, University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art Design, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Kang
- Changsha Environmental Protection College, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central-South, University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art Design, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art Design, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Li X, Zuo X, Zhao X, Wang S, Yue P, Xu C, Yu Q, Medina-Roldán E. Extreme drought does not alter the stability of aboveground net primary productivity but decreases the stability of belowground net primary productivity in a desert steppe of northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:24319-24328. [PMID: 36334210 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extreme droughts strongly impact grassland ecology, both functionally and structurally. However, a comprehensive understanding of the drought impacts on the ecosystem stability is critical for its sustainable development under changing climate. We experimentally report the impact of extreme drought on the temporal stability of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) in a desert steppe of northern China. The relative importance evaluation of extreme drought, soil properties, species asynchrony, taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to measure the temporal ANPP and BNPP stabilities. Our findings suggested that extreme drought decreased BNPP stability but did not affect ANPP stability. Extreme drought reduced taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, ANPP, and soil water content but did not affect species asynchrony, functional diversity, or BNPP. Species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, and soil water content were positively correlated with BNPP stability. The SEM results showed a drought-mediated indirect weakening of BNPP stability via modification of species richness. Asynchrony of species unrelated to drought, however, directly affected ANPP stability. The mechanisms underlying the response determination of ANPP and BNPP stability to extreme drought in desert steppe varied notably. Depending on the species asynchrony, ANPP reduced by extreme drought could maintain higher stability. However, extreme drought lowered BNPP stability by altering species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Li
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoan Zuo
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Xueyong Zhao
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chong Xu
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 10008, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 10008, China
| | - Eduardo Medina-Roldán
- Institute of BioEconomy - National Research Council (IBE-CNR), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Wu D, Xu C, Wang S, Zhang L, Kortsch S. Why are biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships so elusive? Trophic interactions may amplify ecosystem function variability. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:367-376. [PMID: 36062409 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions (BEFs) has attracted great interest. Studies on BEF have so far focused on the average trend of ecosystem function as species diversity increases. A tantalizing but rarely addressed question is why large variations in ecosystem functions are often observed across systems with similar species diversity, likely obscuring observed BEFs. Here we use a multi-trophic food web model in combination with empirical data to examine the relationships between species richness and the variation in ecosystem functions (VEFs) including biomass, metabolism, decomposition, and primary and secondary production. We then probe the mechanisms underlying these relationships, focusing on the role of trophic interactions. While our results reinforce the previously documented positive BEF relationships, we found that ecosystem functions exhibit significant variation within each level of species richness and the magnitude of this variation displays a hump-shaped relationship with species richness. Our analyses demonstrate that VEFs is reduced when consumer diversity increases through elevated nonlinearity in trophic interactions, and/or when the diversity of basal species such as producers and decomposers decreases. This explanation is supported by a 34-year empirical food web time series from the Gulf of Riga ecosystem. Our work suggests that biodiversity loss may not only result in ecosystem function decline, but also reduce the predictability of functions by generating greater function variability among ecosystems. It thus helps to reconcile the debate on the generality of positive BEF relationships and to disentangle the drivers of ecosystem stability. The role of trophic interactions and the variation in their strengths mediated by functional responses in shaping ecosystem function variation warrants further investigations and better incorporation into biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- School of Mathematical Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- School of Mathematical Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Susanne Kortsch
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Guo Q, Chen A, Crockett ETH, Atkins JW, Chen X, Fei S. Integrating gradient with scale in ecological and evolutionary studies. Ecology 2023; 104:e3982. [PMID: 36700858 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gradient and scale are two key concepts in ecology and evolution that are closely related but inherently distinct. While scale commonly refers to the dimensional space of a specific ecological/evolutionary (eco-evo) issue, gradient measures the range of a given variable. Gradient and scale can jointly and interactively influence eco-evo patterns. Extensive previous research investigated how changing scales may affect the observation and interpretation of eco-evo patterns; however, relatively little attention has been paid to the role of changing gradients. Here, synthesizing recent research progress, we suggest that the role of scale in the emergence of ecological patterns should be evaluated in conjunction with considering the underlying environmental gradients. This is important because, in most studies, the range of the gradient is often part of its full potential range. The difference between sampled (partial) versus potential (full) environmental gradients may profoundly impact observed eco-evo patterns and alter scale-gradient relationships. Based on observations from both field and experimental studies, we illustrate the underlying features of gradients and how they may affect observed patterns, along with the linkages of these features to scales. Since sampled gradients often do not cover their full potential ranges, we discuss how the breadth and the starting and ending positions of key gradients may affect research design and data interpretation. We then outline potential approaches and related perspectives to better integrate gradient with scale in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfeng Guo
- USDA FS - Southern Research Station, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology & Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Erin T H Crockett
- USDA FS - Southern Research Station, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.,Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jeff W Atkins
- USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, New Ellenton, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Alabama A & M University, Normal, Alabama, USA
| | - Songlin Fei
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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