1
|
Ohhara Y, Sato M, Sakai M, Sugiyama C, Ozawa T, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K. The bioconversion of dietary α-linolenic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid in Bombyx mori. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 274:111007. [PMID: 39038779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
n-3 Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are essential multifunctional nutrients in animals. Microorganisms such as microalgae are known to be n-3 LC-PUFA producers in aquatic environments. Various aquatic invertebrates, including Harpacticoida copepods, and a few terrestrial invertebrates, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, possess n-3 LC-PUFA biosynthetic enzymes. However, the capacity for n-3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis and the underlying molecular mechanisms in terrestrial insects are largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in the silkworm Bombyx mori and found that EPA was present in silkworms throughout their development. Stable isotope tracing revealed that dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA) was metabolized to EPA in silkworm larvae. These results indicated that silkworms synthesize EPA from ALA. Given that EPA is enriched in the central nervous system, we propose that EPA confers optimal neuronal functions, similar to docosahexaenoic acid, in the mammalian nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ohhara
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Mai Sato
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mai Sakai
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Chika Sugiyama
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ozawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moccetti C, Sperlich N, Saboret G, Ten Brink H, Brodersen J. Migratory-derived resources induce elongated food chains through middle-up food web effects. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2024; 12:56. [PMID: 39164695 PMCID: PMC11337878 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-024-00496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal movements of animals often result in the transfer of large amounts of energy and nutrients across ecosystem boundaries, which may have large consequences on local food webs through various pathways. While this is known for both terrestrial- and aquatic organisms, quantitative estimates on its effects on food web structure and identification of key pathways are scarce, due to the difficulty in obtaining replication on ecosystem level with negative control, i.e. comparable systems without migration. METHODS In this study, we estimate the impact of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) migration on riverine ecosystem structure, by comparing multiple streams with strictly resident populations above natural migration barriers with streams below those barriers harboring partially migratory populations. We compared density estimates and size structure between above and below populations. Diet differences were examined through the analysis of stomach contents, changes in trophic position were examined by using stable isotopes. To infer growth rate of resident individuals, back-growth calculation was performed using otoliths. RESULTS We find higher densities of small juveniles in partially migratory populations, where juvenile Arctic charr show initially lower growth, likely due to higher intraspecific competition. After reaching a size, where they can start feeding on eggs and smaller juveniles, which are both more frequent in partially migratory populations, growth surpasses that of resident populations. Cannibalism induced by high juvenile densities occurred almost exclusively in populations with migration and represents an altered energy pathway to the food web. The presence of large cannibalistic charr feeding on smaller ones that have a similar trophic level as charr from strictly resident populations (based on stomach content) coupled with steeper δ15N-size regression slopes illustrate the general increase of food chain length in systems with migration. CONCLUSIONS Our results thus suggest that the consumption of migration-derived resources may result in longer food chains through middle-up rather than bottom-up effects. Furthermore, by occupying the apex of the food chain and feeding on juvenile conspecifics, resident individuals experience reduced competition with their young counterparts, which potentially balances their fitness with migratory individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Moccetti
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland.
- Division Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Nicola Sperlich
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Saboret
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
- Department of Surface Waters; Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Ten Brink
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, Den Burg Texel, 1790 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Jakob Brodersen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland
- Division Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lamarre J, Wilson DR. Short-term dietary changes are reflected in the cerebral content of adult ring-billed gulls. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240616. [PMID: 39113770 PMCID: PMC11303033 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-LCPUFAs) are produced primarily in aquatic ecosystems and are considered essential nutrients for predators given their structural role in vertebrates' cerebral tissues. Alarmingly, with urbanization, many aquatic animals now rely on anthropogenic foods lacking n3-LCPUFAs. In this study undertaken in Newfoundland (Canada), we tested whether recent or longer term diet explains the cerebral fatty acid composition of ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis), a seabird that now thrives in cities. During the breeding season, cerebral levels of n3-LCPUFAs were significantly higher for gulls nesting in a natural habitat and foraging on marine food (mean ± s.d.: 32 ± 1% of total identified fatty acids) than for urban nesters exploiting rubbish (27 ± 1%). Stable isotope analysis of blood and feathers showed that urban and natural nesters shared similar diets in autumn and winter, suggesting that the difference in cerebral n3-LCPUFAs during the breeding season was owing to concomitant and transient differences in diet. We also experimentally manipulated gulls' diets throughout incubation by supplementing them with fish oil rich in n3-LCPUFAs, a caloric control lacking n3-LCPUFAs, or nothing, and found evidence that fish oil increased urban nesters' cerebral n3-LCPUFAs. These complementary analyses provide evidence that the brain of this seabird remains plastic during adulthood and responds to short-term dietary changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Lamarre
- Cognitive and Behavioural Ecology Program, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland and LabradorA1B 3X9, Canada
| | - David R. Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland and LabradorA1B 3X9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao B, Peng Y, Itakura Y, Lizanda M, Haga Y, Satoh S, Navarro JC, Monroig Ó, Kabeya N. A complete biosynthetic pathway of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in an amphidromous fish, ayu sweetfish Plecoglossus altivelis (Stomiati; Osmeriformes). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159498. [PMID: 38703945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The biosynthetic capability of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in teleosts are highly diversified due to evolutionary events such as gene loss and subsequent neo- and/or sub-functionalisation of enzymes encoded by existing genes. In the present study, we have comprehensively characterised genes potentially involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis, namely one front-end desaturase (fads2) and eight fatty acid elongases (elovl1a, elovl1b, elovl4a, elovl4b, elovl5, elovl7, elovl8a and elovl8b) from an amphidromous teleost, Ayu sweetfish, Plecoglossus altivelis. Functional analysis confirmed Fads2 with Δ6, Δ5 and Δ8 desaturase activities towards multiple PUFA substrates and several Elovl enzymes exhibited elongation capacities towards C18-20 or C18-22 PUFA substrates. Consequently, P. altivelis possesses a complete enzymatic capability to synthesise physiologically important LC-PUFA including arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) from their C18 precursors. Interestingly, the loss of elovl2 gene in P. altivelis was corroborated by genomic and phylogenetic analyses. However, this constraint would possibly be overcome by the function of alternative Elovl enzymes, such as Elovl1b, which has not hitherto been functionally characterised in teleosts. The present study contributes novel insights into LC-PUFA biosynthesis in the relatively understudied teleost group, Osmeriformes (Stomiati), thereby enhancing our understanding of the complement of LC-PUFA biosynthetic genes within teleosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, No. 1 Haida South Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingying Peng
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Yuki Itakura
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Myriam Lizanda
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Yutaka Haga
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Shuichi Satoh
- Department of Advanced Aquaculture Science, Fukui Prefectural University, Katsumi, 49-8-2 Obama, Fukui 917-0116, Japan
| | - Juan C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes 12595, Castellón, Spain
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roux C, Madru C, Millan Navarro D, Jan G, Mazzella N, Moreira A, Vedrenne J, Carassou L, Morin S. Impact of urban pollution on freshwater biofilms: Oxidative stress, photosynthesis and lipid responses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134523. [PMID: 38723485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Urban ecosystems are subjected to multiple anthropogenic stresses, which impact aquatic communities. Artificial light at night (ALAN) for instance can significantly alter the composition of algal communities as well as the photosynthetic cycles of autotrophic organisms, possibly leading to cellular oxidative stress. The combined effects of ALAN and chemical contamination could increase oxidative impacts in aquatic primary producers, although such combined effects remain insufficiently explored. To address this knowledge gap, a one-month experimental approach was implemented under controlled conditions to elucidate effects of ALAN and dodecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (DDBAC) on aquatic biofilms. DDBAC is a biocide commonly used in virucidal products, and is found in urban aquatic ecosystems. The bioaccumulation of DDBAC in biofilms exposed or not to ALAN was analyzed. The responses of taxonomic composition, photosynthetic activity, and fatty acid composition of biofilms were examined. The results indicate that ALAN negatively affects photosynthetic yield and chlorophyll production of biofilms. Additionally, exposure to DDBAC at environmental concentrations induces lipid peroxidation, with an increase of oxylipins. This experimental study provides first insights on the consequences of ALAN and DDBAC for aquatic ecosystems. It also opens avenues for the identification of new biomarkers that could be used to monitor urban pollution impacts in natural environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Roux
- INRAE, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France.
| | - Cassandre Madru
- INRAE, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France
| | | | - Gwilherm Jan
- INRAE, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Mazzella
- INRAE, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France; Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Villenave d'Ornon 33140, France
| | - Aurélie Moreira
- INRAE, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France; Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, Villenave d'Ornon 33140, France
| | - Jacky Vedrenne
- INRAE, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France
| | - Laure Carassou
- INRAE, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France
| | - Soizic Morin
- INRAE, UR EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scharnweber K, Milano S, Hühn D. Influence of the dietary contribution of terrestrial insects to the condition factor of bleak Alburnus alburnus in a highly polluted lowland river. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38840428 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Bleak Alburnus alburnus is a highly abundant but understudied fish species, and we know little about the trophic ecology of populations inhabiting rivers in central Europe. From an ecosystem perspective, this fish species is interesting as it is known to feed on surface insects, thereby linking the terrestrial with the aquatic habitat. In a previous study, we demonstrated that this flux is intensified, and dietary contribution of terrestrial insects is higher in fish inhabiting sections of the Spree River, Germany, that are polluted from iron oxides occurring from former lignite mining activities, and thus are characterized by lower abundances of aquatic insects. As terrestrial insects can be considered as food of lower quality (measured as long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3 LC-PUFAs) compared to aquatic prey, it is reasonable to assume that the higher contribution of terrestrial insects is related to a lower body condition in fish. In this study, we explore the trophic ecology of riverine A. alburnus and their fitness consequences of feeding on terrestrial insects. We therefore modeled a terrestrial index from stable isotopes of hydrogen (δ2H) measured in the A. alburnus muscle tissue and compared individuals caught in locations upstream of a dam that were greatly influenced by iron oxides, with individuals caught in sections located downstream of a dam where passive remediation technologies are applied. The terrestrial index was significantly higher in A. alburnus caught in locations at high-iron concentrations, characterized by low abundances of aquatic prey, compared to A. alburnus caught in unpolluted habitats at low-iron concentrations. In contradiction to our hypothesis, the terrestrial index had no significant effect on the body condition of A. alburnus (measured as Fulton's condition factor K) in the sections downstream of the dam (i.e., at low-iron concentrations) and a significant positive, albeit weak, effect in sections upstream of the dam (i.e., at high-iron concentrations). However, the condition factor was generally lower in the high-iron section, potentially related to more direct effects of the iron oxide. We conclude that in A. alburnus, terrestrial insects can be considered as the less-favored food, unless the fish occur in environments where the aquatic food is of limited availability. Further research is needed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects, including the internal n-3 LC-PUFA synthesis as an adaption toward low-quality terrestrial prey on the fitness consequences of A. alburnus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Scharnweber
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Ecological Research Station, University of Cologne, Rees, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Hühn
- Potsdam Institute of Inland Fisheries, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pilecky M, Kämmer SK, Winter K, Ptacnikova R, Meador TB, Wassenaar LI, Fink P, Kainz MJ. Compound-specific stable isotope analyses of fatty acids indicate feeding zones of zooplankton across the water column of a subalpine lake. Oecologia 2024; 205:325-337. [PMID: 38829405 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal zooplankton feeding dynamics across the water column of lakes are key for understanding site-specific acquisition of diet sources. During this 6-week lake study, we examined stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes and conducted compound-specific fatty acid (FA) stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of edible seston in the epi-, meta-, and hypolimnion, and zooplankton of Lake Lunz, Austria. We predicted that CSIA of essential FA can discern the foraging grounds of zooplankton more accurately than the commonly used bulk stable isotopes. The δ13C and δ15N values of seston from different lake strata were similar, whereas a dual CSIA approach using stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes of FA (δ13CFA and δ2HFA) provided sufficient isotopic difference in essential FA to discern different lake strata-specific diet sources throughout the study period. We present a CSIA model that suggests strata-specific foraging grounds for different zooplankton groups, indicating higher preference of cladocerans for feeding on epilimnetic diet sources, while calanoid copepods retained more hypolimnetic resources. The CSIA approach thus yields strata-specific information on foraging strategies of different zooplankton taxa and provides more details on the spatial and temporal trophodynamics of planktonic food webs than commonly used bulk stable isotopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pilecky
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293, Lunz/See, Austria.
- Research Lab for Aquatic Ecosystem Research and Health, Donau-Universität Krems, Dr. Karl-Dorrek Straße 30, 3500, Krems, Austria.
| | - Samuel K Kämmer
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293, Lunz/See, Austria
| | - Katharina Winter
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293, Lunz/See, Austria
| | - Radka Ptacnikova
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293, Lunz/See, Austria
| | - Travis B Meador
- University of Southern Bohemia, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Center CAS, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Leonard I Wassenaar
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293, Lunz/See, Austria
| | - Patrick Fink
- Department River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Carl-Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293, Lunz/See, Austria
- Research Lab for Aquatic Ecosystem Research and Health, Donau-Universität Krems, Dr. Karl-Dorrek Straße 30, 3500, Krems, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ziegler AK, Jensen JK, Jiménez-Gallardo L, Rissler J, Gudmundsson A, Nilsson JÅ, Isaksson C. Dietary fatty acids modulate oxidative stress response to air pollution but not to infection. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1391806. [PMID: 38784118 PMCID: PMC11112072 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1391806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic changes to the environment expose wildlife to many pollutants. Among these, tropospheric ozone is of global concern and a highly potent pro-oxidant. In addition, human activities include several other implications for wildlife, e.g., changed food availability and changed distribution of pathogens in cities. These co-occurring habitat changes may interact, thereby modulating the physiological responses and costs related to anthropogenic change. For instance, many food items associated with humans (e.g., food waste and feeders for wild birds) contain relatively more ω6-than ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Metabolites derived from ω6-PUFAs can enhance inflammation and oxidative stress towards a stimulus, whereas the opposite response is linked to ω3-derived metabolites. Hence, we hypothesized that differential intake of ω6-and ω3-PUFAs modulates the oxidative stress state of birds and thereby affects the responses towards pro-oxidants. To test this, we manipulated dietary ω6:ω3 ratios and ozone levels in a full-factorial experiment using captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Additionally, we simulated an infection, thereby also triggering the immune system's adaptive pro-oxidant release (i.e., oxidative burst), by injecting lipopolysaccharide. Under normal air conditions, the ω3-diet birds had a lower antioxidant ratio (GSH/GSSG ratio) compared to the ω6-diet birds. When exposed to ozone, however, the diet effect disappeared. Instead, ozone exposure overall reduced the total concentration of the key antioxidant glutathione (tGSH). Moreover, the birds on the ω6-rich diet had an overall higher antioxidant capacity (OXY) compared to birds fed a ω3-rich diet. Interestingly, only the immune challenge increased oxidative damage, suggesting the oxidative burst of the immune system overrides the other pro-oxidative processes, including diet. Taken together, our results show that ozone, dietary PUFAs, and infection all affect the redox-system, but in different ways, suggesting that the underlying responses are decoupled despite that they all increase pro-oxidant exposure or generation. Despite lack of apparent cumulative effect in the independent biomarkers, the combined single effects could together reduce overall cellular functioning and efficiency over time in wild birds exposed to pathogens, ozone, and anthropogenic food sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Kjellberg Jensen
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lucía Jiménez-Gallardo
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenny Rissler
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Gudmundsson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Van Baelen M, Bec A, Sperfeld E, Frizot N, Koussoroplis AM. Food quality shapes gradual phenotypic plasticity in ectotherms facing temperature variability. Ecology 2024; 105:e4263. [PMID: 38385889 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Organisms exhibit reversible physiological adjustments as a response to rapidly changing environments. Yet such plasticity of the phenotype is gradual and may lag behind environmental fluctuations, thereby affecting long-term average performance of the organisms. By supplying energy and essential compounds for optimal tissue building, food determines the range of possible phenotypic changes and potentially the rate at which they occur. Here, we assess how differences in the dietary supply of essential lipids modulate the phenotypic plasticity of an ectotherm facing thermal fluctuations. We use three phytoplankton strains to create a gradient of polyunsaturated fatty acid and sterol supply for Daphnia magna under constant and fluctuating temperatures. We used three different fluctuation periodicities to unravel the temporal dynamics of gradual plasticity and its long-term consequences for D. magna performance measured as juvenile somatic growth rate. In agreement with gradual plasticity theory, we show that in D. magna, fluctuation periodicity determines the differential between observed growth rates and those expected from constant conditions. Most importantly, we show that diet modulates both the size and the direction of the growth rate differential. Overall, we demonstrate that the nutritional context is essential for predicting ectotherm consumers' performance in fluctuating thermal environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Van Baelen
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alexandre Bec
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Erik Sperfeld
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nathan Frizot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Scharnweber K, Scholz C, Schippenbeil V, Milano S, Hühn D. Effects of mining activities on fish communities and food web dynamics in a lowland river. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11111. [PMID: 38476699 PMCID: PMC10928357 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish communities of streams and rivers might be substantially subsidized by terrestrial insects that fall into the water. Although such animal-mediated fluxes are increasingly recognized, little is known about how anthropogenic perturbations may influence the strength of such exchanges. Intense land use, such as lignite mining, may impact a river ecosystem due to the flocculation of iron (III) oxides, thus altering food web dynamics. We compared sections of the Spree River in North-East Germany that were greatly influenced by iron oxides with sections located downstream of a dam where passive remediation technologies are applied. Compared to locations downstream of the dam, the abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates at locations of high iron concentrations upstream of the dam was significantly reduced. Similarly, catch per unit effort of all fish was significantly higher in locations downstream of the dam compared to locations upstream of the dam, and the condition of juvenile and adult piscivorous pike Esox lucius was significantly lower in sections of high iron concentrations. Using an estimate of short-term (i.e., metabarcoding of the gut content) as well as longer-term (i.e., hydrogen stable isotopes) resource use, we could demonstrate that the three most abundant fish species, perch Perca fluviatilis, roach Rutilus rutilus, and bleak Alburnus alburnus, received higher contributions of terrestrial insects to their diet at locations of high iron concentration. In summary, lotic food webs upstream and downstream of the dam greatly differed in the overall structure with respect to the energy available for the highest tropic levels and the contribution of terrestrial insects to the diet of omnivorous fish. Therefore, human-induced environmental perturbations, such as river damming and mining activities, represent strong pressures that can alter the flow of energy between aquatic and terrestrial systems, indicating a broad impact on the landscape level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Scharnweber
- Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- Ecological Research Station ReesUniversity of CologneRees‐BienenGermany
| | - Carolin Scholz
- Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Evolutionary EcologyBerlinGermany
| | - Victor Schippenbeil
- Faculty of Mathematics and Science II, Geography DepartmentHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Stefania Milano
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Evolutionary EcologyBerlinGermany
| | - Daniel Hühn
- Potsdam Institute of Inland FisheriesPotsdamGermany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Menzel R, Zhang X, Pietrucik T, Bathelt A, Ruess L. Omega-3 PUFA and the fitness and cognition of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans under different environmental conditions. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 270:110925. [PMID: 38040326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Many invertebrate species possess the metabolic ability to synthesize long-chain ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) de novo. Due to their diverse effects on membrane architecture, neuroplasticity, growth and reproduction, PUFA have a high potential to positively influence the fitness of an organism. But how and when do these supposed advantages actually come into play? Other species, that are often closely related, pass natural selection without this special metabolic ability. The ω3-PUFA rich model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda) and its mutant fat-1(wa9), lacking these PUFA, are a suitable test system. We analyzed potential impairments in reproduction and growth in a soil assay. Further, chemotaxis after aversive olfactory, associative learning and integration of a second sensory signal were assessed on agar plates. Moreover, we analyzed the phospholipid pattern of both C. elegans strains and further free-living nematodes species at different temperatures. While the phenotypic effects were rather small under standard conditions, lowering the temperature to 15 or even 10 °C or reducing the soil moisture, led to significant limitations, with the investigated parameters for neuroplasticity being most impaired. The ω3-PUFA free C. elegans mutant strain fat-1 did not adapt the fatty acid composition of its phospholipids to a decreasing temperature, while ω3-PUFA containing nematodes proportionally increased this PUFA group. In contrats, other ω3-PUFA free nematode species produced significantly more ω6-PUFA. Thus, the ability to synthesize long-chain ω3-PUFA de novo likely is fundamental for an increase in neuroplasticity and an efficient way for regulating membrane fluidity to maintain their functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Menzel
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Xuchao Zhang
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Pietrucik
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Bathelt
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liliane Ruess
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Ecology, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moosmann M, Greenway R, Oester R, Matthews B. The role of fish predators and their foraging traits in shaping zooplankton community structure. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14382. [PMID: 38361474 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Differentiation of foraging traits among predator populations may help explain observed variation in the structure of prey communities. However, few studies have investigated the phenotypic effects of predators on their prey in natural communities. Here, we use a comparative analysis of 78 Greenlandic lakes to examine how foraging trait variation among threespine stickleback populations can help explain variation in zooplankton community composition among lakes. We find that landscape-scale variation in zooplankton composition was jointly explained by lake properties, such as size and water chemistry, and the presence and absence of both stickleback and arctic char. Additional variation in zooplankton community structure can be explained by stickleback jaw protrusion, a trait with known utility for foraging on zooplankton, but only in lakes where stickleback co-occur with arctic char. Overall, our results illustrate how trait variation of predators, alongside other ecosystem properties, can influence the composition of prey communities in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Moosmann
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Ryan Greenway
- Department of Biology, University of Constance, Constance, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oester
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hopkins KE, McKinney MA, Saini A, Letcher RJ, Karouna-Renier NK, Fernie KJ. Characterizing the Movement of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in an Avian Aquatic-Terrestrial Food Web. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20249-20260. [PMID: 37999683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The movement of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through linked aquatic-terrestrial food webs is not well understood. Tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) in such systems may be exposed to PFAS from multiple abiotic and/or biotic compartments. We show from fatty acid signatures and carbon stable isotopes that tree swallow nestlings in southwestern Ontario fed on both terrestrial and aquatic macroinvertebrates. The PFAS profiles of air, terrestrial invertebrates, and swallows were dominated by perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). Short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were largely restricted to air, surface water, and sediment, and long-chain PFAAs were mainly found in aquatic invertebrates and tree swallows. PFOS, multiple long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids [perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA)] and perfluorooctane sulfonamide precursors were estimated to bioaccumulate from air to tree swallows. PFOS bioaccumulated from air to terrestrial invertebrates, and PFOS, PFDA, and perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acids (FOSAAs) bioaccumulated from water to aquatic invertebrates. PFOS showed biomagnification from both terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates to tree swallows, and PFDA and FOSAAs were also biomagnified from aquatic invertebrates to tree swallows. The movement of PFAS through aquatic-terrestrial food webs appears congener- and compartment-specific, challenging the understanding of PFAS exposure routes for multiple species involved in these food webs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailee E Hopkins
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Melissa A McKinney
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Amandeep Saini
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, North York, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Natalie K Karouna-Renier
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Patuxent Research Refuge, 12302 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708, United States
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lei L, Lai S, Liu W, Li Y, Zhang H, Tang Y. Chlorella pyrenoidosa mitigated the negative effect of cylindrospermopsin-producing and non-cylindrospermopsin-producing Raphidiopsis raciborskii on Daphnia magna as a dietary supplement. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1292277. [PMID: 38033554 PMCID: PMC10687560 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1292277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding effects are crucial for evaluating the capacity of zooplankton to regulate phytoplankton populations within freshwater ecosystems. To examine the impact of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria Raphidiopsis raciborskii, which occurs in tropical and subtropical freshwaters, on the growth of zooplankton Daphnia in relation to toxins, filament length and fatty acid content, we fed D. magna with R. raciborskii only (cylindrospermopsin (CYN)-producing and non-CYN-producing, as the negative controls), Chlorella pyrenoidosa only (as the positive control) and a mixed diet containing R. raciborskii (CYN-producing and non-CYN-producing) and C. pyrenoidosa. Consequently, our findings revealed that the toxic effect of CYN-producing R. raciborskii strains on Daphnia was mitigated by the coexistence of C. pyrenoidosa containing stearidonic acid (SDA, C18:4 ω3) in mixed diets. This was evident in the elevated survival rate compared that from diets containing only R. raciborskii and a significantly higher reproduction and population intrinsic increase rate compared to diets consisting of only R. raciborskii or C. pyrenoidos. Additionally, a strong positive correlation was observed between arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4ω6) and the population intrinsic increase rate of Daphnia; notably, R. raciborskii strains were found to be rich in the ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ARA. These outcomes reinforce the crucial role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in predicting the population increase of crustacean zooplankton, which has long been neglected. Furthermore, our results underscore the potential effectiveness of zooplankton, particularly in temperate lakes, in controlling CYN-producing R. raciborskii populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yali Tang
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ribes-Navarro A, Kabeya N, Castro LFC, Gomes-dos-Santos A, Fonseca MM, Alberts-Hubatsch H, Hontoria F, Navarro JC, Monroig Ó. Examination of gammarid transcriptomes reveals a widespread occurrence of key metabolic genes from epibiont bdelloid rotifers in freshwater species. Open Biol 2023; 13:230196. [PMID: 37875161 PMCID: PMC10597677 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous data revealed the unexpected presence of genes encoding for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthetic enzymes in transcriptomes from freshwater gammarids but not in marine species, even though closely related species were compared. This study aimed to clarify the origin and occurrence of selected LC-PUFA biosynthesis gene markers across all published gammarid transcriptomes. Through systematic searches, we confirmed the widespread occurrence of sequences from seven elongases and desaturases involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis, in transcriptomes from freshwater gammarids but not marine species, and clarified that such occurrence is independent from the gammarid species and geographical origin. The phylogenetic analysis established that the retrieved elongase and desaturase sequences were closely related to bdelloid rotifers, confirming that multiple transcriptomes from freshwater gammarids contain contaminating rotifers' genetic material. Using the Adineta steineri genome, we investigated the genomic location and exon-intron organization of the elongase and desaturase genes, establishing they are all genome-anchored and, importantly, identifying instances of horizontal gene transfer. Finally, we provide compelling evidence demonstrating Bdelloidea desaturases and elongases enable these organisms to perform all the reactions for de novo biosynthesis of PUFA and, from them, LC-PUFA, an advantageous trait when considering the low abundance of these essential nutrients in freshwater environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ribes-Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L. Filipe C. Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Gomes-dos-Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M. Fonseca
- CIMAR/CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Hilke Alberts-Hubatsch
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan C. Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ramos-Llorens M, Hontoria F, Navarro JC, Ferrier DEK, Monroig Ó. Functionally diverse front-end desaturases are widespread in the phylum Annelida. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159377. [PMID: 37517549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic single-cell organisms have long been believed to be unique primary producers of omega-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LC-PUFA). Multiple invertebrates including annelids have been discovered to possess methyl-end desaturases enabling key steps in the de novo synthesis of ω3 LC-PUFA, and thus potentially contributing to their production in the ocean. Along methyl-end desaturases, the repertoire and function of further LC-PUFA biosynthesising enzymes is largely missing in Annelida. In this study we examined the front-end desaturase gene repertoire across the phylum Annelida, from Polychaeta and Clitellata, major classes of annelids comprising most annelid diversity. We further characterised the functions of the encoded enzymes in selected representative species by using a heterologous expression system based in yeast, demonstrating that functions of Annelida front-end desaturases have highly diversified during their expansion in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We concluded that annelids possess at least two front-end desaturases with Δ5 and Δ6Δ8 desaturase regioselectivities, enabling all the desaturation reactions required to convert the C18 precursors into the physiologically relevant LC-PUFA such as eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acids, but not docosahexaenoic acid. Such a gene complement is conserved across the different taxonomic groups within Annelida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ramos-Llorens
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Francisco Hontoria
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan C Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - David E K Ferrier
- The Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lazo-Andrade J, Guzmán-Rivas FA, Barría P, Urzúa Á. Variability in the energy reserves of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) of the southeastern Pacific Ocean: A temporal and intra-individual perspective. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 190:106081. [PMID: 37433241 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The temporal dynamics of energy reserves are associated with the physiological processes (i.e., reproduction) in marine fishes, in which storage organs play a key role for efficient energy investment. We evaluated the temporal (i.e., seasons) and intra-individual (i.e., organs) dynamics of adult female swordfish (Xiphias gladius) during its feeding period off the Chilean coast in the southeastern Pacific Ocean (SEPO). The biochemical composition (i.e., lipids, proteins, and glucose), energy content and fatty acid profile of the muscle, liver and gonad were evaluated during the austral autumn, winter, and spring. Our results showed principally an intra-individual effect in both the muscle and liver in the autumn and spring. Herein, a trend of higher amounts of lipids and total energy were found in the muscle, while the liver showed greater protein and glucose contents. Consequently, the muscle showed a higher saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents than the liver. Although the gonad showed no significant temporal effect in the lipids and proteins contents, an increasing trend of each biochemical constituent, fatty acid group and gonadosomatic index were found from autumn to winter. Consistently, the glucose and total energy content as well Fulton's condition factor were significantly higher in winter. These findings reflect the spatial-temporal physiological dynamic of swordfish based on the storage of energy reserves in different organs during its feeding period. In this way, the products obtained from swordfish could have an added value depending on the season and capture zone, which could benefit the exploitation and regulation measures of this resource under an ecological approach of conservation and sustainability in the SEPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lazo-Andrade
- Programa de Magíster en Ecología Marina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fabián A Guzmán-Rivas
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Ángel Urzúa
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shipley JR, Gossner MM, Rigling A, Krumm F. Conserving forest insect biodiversity requires the protection of key habitat features. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:788-791. [PMID: 37331912 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Loss of insect biodiversity is widespread, and in forests habitat loss is one of the major drivers responsible. Integrative forest management must consider the preservation and promotion of key habitat features that provide essential microhabitats and resources to conserve biodiversity alongside ecosystem functions and services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ryan Shipley
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ITES, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Rigling
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ITES, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumm
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hudson CM, Cuenca Cambronero M, Moosmann M, Narwani A, Spaak P, Seehausen O, Matthews B. Environmentally independent selection for hybrids between divergent freshwater stickleback lineages in semi-natural ponds. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1166-1184. [PMID: 37394735 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization following secondary contact of genetically divergent populations can influence the range expansion of invasive species, though specific outcomes depend on the environmental dependence of hybrid fitness. Here, using two genetically and ecologically divergent threespine stickleback lineages that differ in their history of freshwater colonization, we estimate fitness variation of parental lineages and hybrids in semi-natural freshwater ponds with contrasting histories of nutrient loading. In our experiment, we found that fish from the older freshwater lineage (Lake Geneva) and hybrids outperformed fish from the younger freshwater lineage (Lake Constance) in terms of both growth and survival, regardless of the environmental context of our ponds. Across all ponds, hybrids exhibited the highest survival. Although wild-caught adult populations differed in their functional and defence morphology, it is unclear which of these traits underlie the fitness differences observed among juveniles in our experiment. Overall, our work suggests that when hybrid fitness is insensitive to environmental conditions, as observed here, introgression may promote population expansion into unoccupied habitats and accelerate invasion success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Marshall Hudson
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Cuenca Cambronero
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Aquatic Ecology Group, University of Vic, Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Marvin Moosmann
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Piet Spaak
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biochemistry, Lucerne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Reeves JT, Herzog C, Barnes CL, Davis CA, Fuhlendorf SD, Wilder SM. Variation among arthropod taxa in the amino acid content of exoskeleton and digestible tissue. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10348. [PMID: 37496760 PMCID: PMC10365971 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod consumption provides amino acids to invertebrates and vertebrates alike, but not all amino acids in arthropods may be digestible as some are bound in the exoskeleton. Consumers may not be able to digest exoskeleton in significant amounts or avoid it entirely (e.g., extraoral digestion). Hence, measures that do not separate digestible amino acids from those in exoskeleton may not accurately represent the amino acids available to consumers. Additionally, arthropods are taxonomically diverse, and it remains unclear if taxonomic differences also reflect differences in amino acid availability. Thus, we tested: (1) if there were consistent differences in the content and balance of amino acids between the digestible tissue and exoskeleton of arthropods and (2) if arthropod Orders differ in amino acid content and balance. We measured the amino acid content (mg/100 mg dry mass) and balance (mg/100 mg protein) of whole bodies and exoskeleton of a variety of arthropods using acid hydrolysis. Overall, there was higher amino acid content in digestible tissue. There were also significant differences in the amino acid balance of proteins in digestible tissue and exoskeleton. Amino acid content and balance also varied among Orders; digestible tissues of Hemiptera contained more of some essential amino acids than other Orders. These results demonstrate that arthropod taxa vary in amino acid content, which could have implications for prey choice by insectivores. In addition, exoskeleton and digestible tissue content differ in arthropods, which means that whole body amino acid content of an arthropod is not necessarily a predictor of amino acid intake of a predator that feeds on that arthropod.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. T. Reeves
- Department of Integrative BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Colton Herzog
- Department of Integrative BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | | | - Craig A. Davis
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Samuel D. Fuhlendorf
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - Shawn M. Wilder
- Department of Integrative BiologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pietz S, Kolbenschlag S, Röder N, Roodt AP, Steinmetz Z, Manfrin A, Schwenk K, Schulz R, Schäfer RB, Zubrod JP, Bundschuh M. Subsidy Quality Affects Common Riparian Web-Building Spiders: Consequences of Aquatic Contamination and Food Resource. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1346-1358. [PMID: 36946335 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic stressors can affect the emergence of aquatic insects. These insects link aquatic and adjacent terrestrial food webs, serving as high-quality subsidy to terrestrial consumers, such as spiders. While previous studies have demonstrated that changes in the emergence biomass and timing may propagate across ecosystem boundaries, the physiological consequences of altered subsidy quality for spiders are largely unknown. We used a model food chain to study the potential effects of subsidy quality: Tetragnatha spp. were exclusively fed with emergent Chironomus riparius cultured in the absence or presence of either copper (Cu), Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), or a mixture of synthetic pesticides paired with two basal resources (Spirulina vs. TetraMin®) of differing quality in terms of fatty acid (FA) composition. Basal resources shaped the FA profile of chironomids, whereas their effect on the FA profile of spiders decreased, presumably due to the capacity of both chironomids and spiders to modify (dietary) FA. In contrast, aquatic contaminants had negligible effects on prey FA profiles but reduced the content of physiologically important polyunsaturated FAs, such as 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid) and 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid), in spiders by approximately 30% in Cu and Bti treatments. This may have contributed to the statistically significant decline (40%-50%) in spider growth. The observed effects in spiders are likely related to prey nutritional quality because biomass consumption by spiders was, because of our experimental design, constant. Analyses of additional parameters that describe the nutritional quality for consumers such as proteins, carbohydrates, and the retention of contaminants may shed further light on the underlying mechanisms. Our results highlight that aquatic contaminants can affect the physiology of riparian spiders, likely by altering subsidy quality, with potential implications for terrestrial food webs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1346-1358. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pietz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Sara Kolbenschlag
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Nina Röder
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Alexis P Roodt
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Zacharias Steinmetz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Alessandro Manfrin
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwenk
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Jochen P Zubrod
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Zubrod Environmental Data Science, Landau, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bandara T, Brugel S, Andersson A, Lau DCP. Retention of essential fatty acids in fish differs by species, habitat use and nutritional quality of prey. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10158. [PMID: 37274152 PMCID: PMC10234757 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae-produced long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA; with ≥20 carbon atoms) are key biomolecules for consumer production and animal health. They are transferred to higher trophic levels and accumulated in food chains. However, LC-PUFA accumulation in consumers and their trophic transfer vary with the diet quality and the physiological demand for LC-PUFA of consumers. The goal of this study was to investigate spatial and taxonomic differences in LC-PUFA retention of coastal fish predators that potentially differ in their habitat use (benthic versus pelagic) and prey quality. We analyzed the fatty acid (FA) composition of common fish species, namely roach and European perch, as well as their potential prey from benthic and pelagic habitats in three bays of the northern Baltic Sea. We then assessed whether the fish LC-PUFA retention differed between species and among the study bays with different diet quality, that is, LC-PUFA availability. Our data indicated taxon-specific differences in the retention of LC-PUFA and their precursor FA in fish (i.e., short-chain PUFA with <20 carbon atoms). Perch did not show any spatial variation in the retention of all these FA, while roach showed spatial differences in the retention of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their precursor FA, but not eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Data suggest that diet quality and trophic reliance on benthic prey underlay the DHA retention differences in roach. Although the PUFA supply might differ among sites, the low spatial variation in LC-PUFA content of perch and roach indicates that both fishes were able to selectively retain dietary LC-PUFA. Climate change together with other existing human-caused environmental stressors are expected to alter the algal assemblages and lower their LC-PUFA supply for aquatic food webs. Our findings imply that these stressors will pose heterogeneous impacts on different fish predators. We advocate further investigations on how environmental changes would affect the nutritional quality of the basal trophic level, and their subsequent impacts on LC-PUFA retention, trophic ecology, and performance of individual fish species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tharindu Bandara
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Export AgricultureUva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka
- Umeå Marine Sciences CentreUmeå UniversityHörneforsSweden
| | - Sonia Brugel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Marine Sciences CentreUmeå UniversityHörneforsSweden
| | - Agneta Andersson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Marine Sciences CentreUmeå UniversityHörneforsSweden
| | - Danny Chun Pong Lau
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and AssessmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Moore TD, Martin-Creuzburg D, Yampolsky LY. Diet effects on longevity, heat tolerance, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial membrane potential in Daphnia. Oecologia 2023; 202:151-163. [PMID: 37204498 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The dietary supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) crucially affects animals' performance at different temperatures. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are still insufficiently understood. Here, we analyzed lifespan and heat tolerance of four genotypes of Daphnia magna reared on either the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus that lacks long-chain (> C18) PUFA, or the heterokont alga Nannochloropsis limnetica that contains C20 PUFA, both either at saturating and near-starvation levels. A significant genotype-by-diet interaction in lifespan was observed at saturating diets. The C20 PUFA-rich diet eliminated differences in lifespan among genotypes on the PUFA-deficient diet. Corrected for body length, acute heat tolerance was higher at low than at high food concentration, at least in the older of the two age groups analyzed. Genotypes differed significantly in heat tolerance, but there were no genotype-by-diet interactions. As predicted, the C20 PUFA-rich diet resulted in higher lipid peroxidation (LPO) and a lower mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). LPO levels averaged across clones and rearing conditions were inversely related to acute heat tolerance. Yet, heat tolerance was higher on the PUFA-rich diet than on the PUFA-deficient diet, particularly in older Daphnia, indicating that the C20 PUFA-rich diet allowed Daphnia to compensate for higher LPO. In contrast, Daphnia with intermediate levels of ΔΨm showed the lowest heat tolerance. Neither LPO nor ΔΨm explained the diet effects on lifespan. We hypothesize that antioxidants present in the PUFA-rich diet may have enabled higher heat tolerance of Daphnia despite higher LPO, which may also explain the lifespan expansion of otherwise short-lived genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taraysha D Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Dominik Martin-Creuzburg
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Research Station Bad Saarow, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, 15526, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Lev Y Yampolsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kiene M, Wacker A, Martin-Creuzburg D. Omega-3 versus Omega-6: Are We Underestimating the Ecological Significance of Arachidonic Acid in Aquatic Systems? Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050791. [PMID: 37238661 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, ω-3, or n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, ω-6 or n-6) are known to have distinct physiological functions, yet can both support growth and reproduction of consumers, raising the question of whether EPA and ARA are ecologically substitutable dietary resources. We explored the relative importance of EPA and ARA for the growth and reproduction of the freshwater keystone herbivore Daphnia in a life-history experiment. Both PUFA were supplemented in a concentration-dependent manner to a PUFA-free diet, separately and in combination (50% EPA: 50% ARA mixture). The growth-response curves obtained with EPA, ARA, and the mixture were virtually congruent and the thresholds for PUFA limitation did not differ, indicating that EPA (n-3) and ARA (n-6) were substitutable dietary resources under the applied experimental conditions. The actual requirements for EPA and ARA might change with growth conditions, e.g., under the influence of parasites or pathogens. The higher retention of ARA in Daphnia suggests that EPA and ARA are subject to different turnover rates, which also implies different physiological functions. Studies on the ARA requirements of Daphnia could provide valuable information on the presumably underestimated ecological importance of ARA in freshwater food webs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Kiene
- Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexander Wacker
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dominik Martin-Creuzburg
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Research Station Bad Saarow, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, 15526 Bad Saarow, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ohler K, Schreiner VC, Martin‐Creuzburg D, Schäfer RB. Trophic transfer of polyunsaturated fatty acids across the aquatic–terrestrial interface: An experimental tritrophic food chain approach. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9927. [PMID: 36969929 PMCID: PMC10037435 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquatic and their adjacent terrestrial ecosystems are linked via the flux of organic and inorganic matter. Emergent aquatic insects are recognized as high‐quality food for terrestrial predators, because they provide more physiologically relevant long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than terrestrial insects. The effects of dietary PUFA on terrestrial predators have been explored mainly in feeding trials conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, hampering the assessment of the ecological relevance of dietary PUFA deficiencies under field conditions. We assessed the PUFA transfer across the aquatic–terrestrial interface and the consequences for terrestrial riparian predators in two outdoor microcosm experiments. We established simplified tritrophic food chains, consisting of one of four basic food sources, an intermediary collector gatherer (Chironomus riparius, Chironomidae), and a riparian web‐building spider (Tetragnatha sp.). The four basic food sources (algae, conditioned leaves, oatmeal, and fish food) differed in PUFA profiles and were used to track the trophic transfer of single PUFA along the food chain and to assess their potential effects on spiders, that is, on fresh weight, body condition (size‐controlled measurement of nutritional status), and immune response. The PUFA profiles of the basic food sources, C. riparius and spiders differed between treatments, except for spiders in the second experiment. The PUFA α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) and ɣ‐linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n‐6) were major contributors to the differences between treatments. PUFA profiles of the basic food sources influenced the fresh weight and body condition of spiders in the first experiment, but not in the second experiment, and did not affect the immune response, growth rate, and dry weight in both experiments. Furthermore, our results indicate that the examined responses are dependent on temperature. Future studies including anthropogenic stressors would deepen our understanding of the transfer and role of PUFA in ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ohler
- iES LandauInstitute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern‐LandauFortstraße 776829Landau in der PfalzGermany
| | - Verena C. Schreiner
- iES LandauInstitute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern‐LandauFortstraße 776829Landau in der PfalzGermany
| | | | - Ralf B. Schäfer
- iES LandauInstitute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern‐LandauFortstraße 776829Landau in der PfalzGermany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Boyen J, Ribes-Navarro A, Kabeya N, Monroig Ó, Rigaux A, Fink P, Hablützel PI, Navarro JC, De Troch M. Functional characterization reveals a diverse array of metazoan fatty acid biosynthesis genes. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:970-982. [PMID: 36461663 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain (≥C20 ) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are physiologically important fatty acids for most animals, including humans. Although most LC-PUFA production occurs in aquatic primary producers such as microalgae, recent research indicates the ability of certain groups of (mainly marine) invertebrates for endogenous LC-PUFA biosynthesis and/or bioconversion from dietary precursors. The genetic pathways for and mechanisms behind LC-PUFA biosynthesis remain unknown in many invertebrates to date, especially in non-model species. However, the numerous genomic and transcriptomic resources currently available can contribute to our knowledge of the LC-PUFA biosynthetic capabilities of metazoans. Within our previously generated transcriptome of the benthic harpacticoid copepod Platychelipus littoralis, we detected expression of one methyl-end desaturase, one front-end desaturase, and seven elongases, key enzymes responsible for LC-PUFA biosynthesis. To demonstrate their functionality, we characterized eight of them using heterologous expression in yeast. The P. littoralis methyl-end desaturase has Δ15/17/19 desaturation activity, enabling biosynthesis of α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from 18:2 n-6, 20:4 n-6 and 22:5 n-6, respectively. Its front-end desaturase has Δ4 desaturation activity from 22:5 n-3 to DHA, implying that P. littoralis has multiple pathways to produce this physiologically important fatty acid. All studied P. littoralis elongases possess varying degrees of elongation activity for saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, producing aliphatic hydrocarbon chains with lengths of up to 30 carbons. Our investigation revealed a functionally diverse range of fatty acid biosynthesis genes in copepods, which highlights the need to scrutinize the role that primary consumers could perform in providing essential nutrients to upper trophic levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Boyen
- Marine Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Naoki Kabeya
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes, Spain
| | - Annelien Rigaux
- Marine Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Fink
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany.,Aquatic Chemical Ecology, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Juan Carlos Navarro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS), CSIC, Ribera de Cabanes, Spain
| | - Marleen De Troch
- Marine Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
McFadden IR, Sendek A, Brosse M, Bach PM, Baity-Jesi M, Bolliger J, Bollmann K, Brockerhoff EG, Donati G, Gebert F, Ghosh S, Ho HC, Khaliq I, Lever JJ, Logar I, Moor H, Odermatt D, Pellissier L, de Queiroz LJ, Rixen C, Schuwirth N, Shipley JR, Twining CW, Vitasse Y, Vorburger C, Wong MKL, Zimmermann NE, Seehausen O, Gossner MM, Matthews B, Graham CH, Altermatt F, Narwani A. Linking human impacts to community processes in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:203-218. [PMID: 36560926 PMCID: PMC10107666 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human impacts such as habitat loss, climate change and biological invasions are radically altering biodiversity, with greater effects projected into the future. Evidence suggests human impacts may differ substantially between terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, but the reasons for these differences are poorly understood. We propose an integrative approach to explain these differences by linking impacts to four fundamental processes that structure communities: dispersal, speciation, species-level selection and ecological drift. Our goal is to provide process-based insights into why human impacts, and responses to impacts, may differ across ecosystem types using a mechanistic, eco-evolutionary comparative framework. To enable these insights, we review and synthesise (i) how the four processes influence diversity and dynamics in terrestrial versus freshwater communities, specifically whether the relative importance of each process differs among ecosystems, and (ii) the pathways by which human impacts can produce divergent responses across ecosystems, due to differences in the strength of processes among ecosystems we identify. Finally, we highlight research gaps and next steps, and discuss how this approach can provide new insights for conservation. By focusing on the processes that shape diversity in communities, we aim to mechanistically link human impacts to ongoing and future changes in ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian R McFadden
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Sendek
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Brosse
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Peter M Bach
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Baity-Jesi
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Janine Bolliger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Bollmann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Eckehard G Brockerhoff
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Giulia Donati
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Gebert
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Shyamolina Ghosh
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Hsi-Cheng Ho
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Imran Khaliq
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - J Jelle Lever
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ivana Logar
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Helen Moor
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Odermatt
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luiz Jardim de Queiroz
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Rixen
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Nele Schuwirth
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - J Ryan Shipley
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia W Twining
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Yann Vitasse
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Vorburger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark K L Wong
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Graham
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abonyi A, Rasconi S, Ptacnik R, Pilecky M, Kainz MJ. Chytrids enhance Daphnia fitness by selectively retained chytrid-synthesised stearidonic acid and conversion of short-chain to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. FRESHWATER BIOLOGY 2023; 68:77-90. [PMID: 37064759 PMCID: PMC10099718 DOI: 10.1111/fwb.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chytrid fungal parasites convert dietary energy and essential dietary molecules, such as long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), from inedible algal/cyanobacteria hosts into edible zoospores. How the improved biochemical PUFA composition of chytrid-infected diet may extend to zooplankton, linking diet quality to consumer fitness, remains unexplored.Here, we assessed the trophic role of chytrids in supporting dietary energy and PUFA requirements of the crustacean zooplankton Daphnia, when feeding on the filamentous cyanobacterium Planktothrix.Only Daphnia feeding on chytrid-infected Planktothrix reproduced successfully and had significantly higher survival and growth rates compared with Daphnia feeding on the sole Planktothrix diet. While the presence of chytrids resulted in a two-fold increase of carbon ingested by Daphnia, carbon assimilation increased by a factor of four, clearly indicating enhanced carbon transfer efficiency with chytrid presence.Bulk carbon (δ 13C) and nitrogen (δ 15N) stable isotopes did not indicate any treatment-specific dietary effects on Daphnia, nor differences in trophic position among diet sources and the consumer. Compound-specific carbon isotopes of fatty acids (δ 13CFA), however, revealed that chytrids bioconverted short-chain to LC-PUFA, making it available for Daphnia. Chytrids synthesised the ω-3 PUFA stearidonic acid de novo, which was selectively retained by Daphnia. Values of δ 13CFA demonstrated that Daphnia also bioconverted short-chain to LC-PUFA.We provide isotopic evidence that chytrids improved the dietary provision of LC-PUFA for Daphnia and enhanced their fitness. We argue for the existence of a positive feedback loop between enhanced Daphnia growth and herbivory in response to chytrid-mediated improved diet quality. Chytrids upgrade carbon from the primary producer and facilitate energy and PUFA transfer to primary consumers, potentially also benefitting upper trophic levels of pelagic food webs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Abonyi
- WasserCluster Lunz – Biological StationLunz am SeeAustria
- Centre for Ecological ResearchInstitute of Aquatic EcologyBudapestHungary
| | - Serena Rasconi
- WasserCluster Lunz – Biological StationLunz am SeeAustria
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTELThonon‐les‐BainsFrance
| | - Robert Ptacnik
- WasserCluster Lunz – Biological StationLunz am SeeAustria
| | - Matthias Pilecky
- WasserCluster Lunz – Biological StationLunz am SeeAustria
- Donau‐Universität KremsKremsAustria
| | - Martin J. Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz – Biological StationLunz am SeeAustria
- Donau‐Universität KremsKremsAustria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Závorka L, Blanco A, Chaguaceda F, Cucherousset J, Killen SS, Liénart C, Mathieu-Resuge M, Němec P, Pilecky M, Scharnweber K, Twining CW, Kainz MJ. The role of vital dietary biomolecules in eco-evo-devo dynamics. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:72-84. [PMID: 36182405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The physiological dependence of animals on dietary intake of vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids is ubiquitous. Sharp differences in the availability of these vital dietary biomolecules among different resources mean that consumers must adopt a range of strategies to meet their physiological needs. We review the emerging work on omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, focusing predominantly on predator-prey interactions, to illustrate that trade-off between capacities to consume resources rich in vital biomolecules and internal synthesis capacity drives differences in phenotype and fitness of consumers. This can then feedback to impact ecosystem functioning. We outline how focus on vital dietary biomolecules in eco-eco-devo dynamics can improve our understanding of anthropogenic changes across multiple levels of biological organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libor Závorka
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria.
| | - Andreu Blanco
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, EcoCost, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Fernando Chaguaceda
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julien Cucherousset
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174 EDB), CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Shaun S Killen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Camilla Liénart
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, Hanko, 10900, Finland
| | - Margaux Mathieu-Resuge
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzané, Brittany, France; UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), Ifremer, INRAE, Institut Agro, Plouzané, France
| | - Pavel Němec
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Pilecky
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Danube University Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek Straße 30, A-3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Kristin Scharnweber
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cornelia W Twining
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Danube University Krems, Dr. Karl Dorrek Straße 30, A-3500 Krems, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Figueroa-Muñoz G, Arismendi I, Urzúa Á, Guzmán-Rivas F, Fierro P, Gomez-Uchida D. Consumption of marine-derived nutrients from invasive Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) transfer ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids to invasive resident rainbow trout (O. mykiss). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157077. [PMID: 35780893 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine-derived nutrients (MDN) contained in gametes (mature eggs and sperm), carcasses and metabolic wastes from anadromous migratory salmon can transfer energy and materials to fresh water, thereby affecting the structure and function of stream ecosystems. This is crucial among ecosystems where humans have mediated biological invasions by propagating non-native species. Previous studies have demonstrated that consumption of MDN from salmon can benefit both native and invasive resident fishes. Yet, a more detailed understanding of the transfer of biomolecules with important physiological functions such as ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) have received less attention among researchers. Here we demonstrate that consumption of MDN contained in invasive Chinook salmon eggs transfers ω-3 HUFAs (e.g., EPA and DHA) to resident invasive rainbow trout in a river food web. We conducted a field study in river sections previously identified as spawning areas for Chinook salmon in the Cisnes River, Patagonia. Rainbow trout were sampled around salmon spawning areas before, during, and after the salmon spawning season. Additionally, we collected tissue from different food web resources and components of different origin (e.g., primary producers, aquatic and terrestrial items) from the Cisnes River system. Analyses of stomach contents of trout were performed in conjunction with analyses of both lipid content and fatty acid profiles of trout tissue and food web components. Chinook salmon eggs showed higher content of ω-3 HUFAs, especially EPA (31.08 ± 23.08 mg g DW-1) and DHA (27.50 ± 14.11 mg g DW-1) than either freshwater or terrestrial components (0-6.10 mg g DW-1 both EPA and DHA). We detected marked shifts in the fatty acid profile (~six-fold increase in EPA and DHA) of trout following consumption of Chinook salmon eggs. Our findings suggest that MDN via consumption of salmon eggs by resident rainbow trout may positively influence resident trout and likely contribute to gauge synergistic interactions between invaders on receiving ecosystems of Patagonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Figueroa-Muñoz
- Programa Magíster en Ciencias mención Pesquerías, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Genomics in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Laboratory (GEECLAB), Department of Zoology, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, Chile; Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ivan Arismendi
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Ángel Urzúa
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fabián Guzmán-Rivas
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo Fierro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniel Gomez-Uchida
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Laboratory (GEECLAB), Department of Zoology, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Trautenberg LC, Brankatschk M, Shevchenko A, Wigby S, Reinhardt K. Ecological lipidology. eLife 2022; 11:79288. [PMID: 36069772 PMCID: PMC9451535 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary lipids (DLs), particularly sterols and fatty acids, are precursors for endogenous lipids that, unusually for macronutrients, shape cellular and organismal function long after ingestion. These functions – cell membrane structure, intracellular signalling, and hormonal activity – vary with the identity of DLs, and scale up to influence health, survival, and reproductive fitness, thereby affecting evolutionary change. Our Ecological Lipidology approach integrates biochemical mechanisms and molecular cell biology into evolution and nutritional ecology. It exposes our need to understand environmental impacts on lipidomes, the lipid specificity of cell functions, and predicts the evolution of lipid-based diet choices. Broad interdisciplinary implications of Ecological Lipidology include food web alterations, species responses to environmental change, as well as sex differences and lifestyle impacts on human nutrition, and opportunities for DL-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Brankatschk
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart Wigby
- Applied Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Reinhardt
- Applied Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Parmar TP, Kindinger AL, Mathieu-Resuge M, Twining CW, Shipley JR, Kainz MJ, Martin-Creuzburg D. Fatty acid composition differs between emergent aquatic and terrestrial insects—A detailed single system approach. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.952292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergent insects represent a key vector through which aquatic nutrients are transferred to adjacent terrestrial food webs. Aquatic fluxes of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from emergent insects are particularly important subsidies for terrestrial ecosystems due to high PUFA contents in several aquatic insect taxa and their physiological importance for riparian predators. While recent meta-analyses have shown the general dichotomy in fatty acid profiles between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, differences in fatty acid profiles between aquatic and terrestrial insects have been insufficiently explored. We examined the differences in fatty acid profiles between aquatic and terrestrial insects at a single aquatic-terrestrial interface over an entire growing season to assess the strength and temporal consistency of the dichotomy in fatty acid profiles. Non-metric multidimensional scaling clearly separated aquatic and terrestrial insects based on their fatty acid profiles regardless of season. Aquatic insects were characterized by high proportions of long-chain PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3); whereas terrestrial insects were characterized by high proportions of linoleic acid (18:2n-6). Our results provide detailed information on fatty acid profiles of a diversity of aquatic and terrestrial insect taxa and demonstrate that the fundamental differences in fatty acid content between aquatic and terrestrial insects persist throughout the growing season. However, the higher fatty acid dissimilarity between aquatic and terrestrial insects in spring and early summer emphasizes the importance of aquatic emergence as essential subsidies for riparian predators especially during the breading season.
Collapse
|
33
|
Závorka L, Wallerius ML, Kainz MJ, Höjesjö J. Linking omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in natural diet with brain size of wild consumers. Oecologia 2022; 199:797-807. [PMID: 35960390 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) are key structural lipids and their dietary intake is essential for brain development of virtually all vertebrates. The importance of n-3 LC-PUFA has been demonstrated in clinical and laboratory studies, but little is known about how differences in the availability of n-3 LC-PUFA in natural prey influence brain development of wild consumers. Consumers foraging at the interface of aquatic and terrestrial food webs can differ substantially in their intake of n-3 LC-PUFA, which may lead to differences in brain development, yet this hypothesis remains to be tested. Here we use the previously demonstrated shift towards higher reliance on n-3 LC-PUFA deprived terrestrial prey of native brown trout Salmo trutta living in sympatry with invasive brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis to explore this hypothesis. We found that the content of n-3 LC-PUFA in muscle tissues of brown trout decreased with increasing consumption of n-3 LC-PUFA deprived terrestrial prey. Brain volume was positively related to the content of the n-3 LC-PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid, in muscle tissues of brown trout. Our study thus suggests that increased reliance on diets low in n-3 LC-PUFA, such as terrestrial subsidies, can have a significant negative impact on brain development of wild trout. Our findings provide the first evidence of how brains of wild vertebrate consumers response to scarcity of n-3 LC-PUFA content in natural prey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libor Závorka
- WasserCluster Lunz, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, 3293, Lunz am See, Austria.
| | - Magnus Lovén Wallerius
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin J Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz, Inter-university Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, 3293, Lunz am See, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Johan Höjesjö
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sam KK, Lau NS, Kuah MK, Lading EA, Shu-Chien AC. A complete inventory of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway enzymes in the miniaturized cyprinid Paedocypris micromegethes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:817-838. [PMID: 35643977 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The capacity for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis activity in a species depends on the enzymatic activities of fatty acyl desaturase (Fads) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl). The miniaturized fish Paedocypris micromegethes is a developmentally truncated cyprinid living in highly acidic water conditions in tropical peat swamps. The capacity for LC-PUFA biosynthesis in this species, which has a reduced genome size, is unknown. A high-quality de novo transcriptome assembly enabled the identification of a putative Fads2 and four Elovl. The Fads2 was verified as a P. micromegethes Fads2 ortholog with in vitro Δ5 and Δ6 activities. The Elovl sequences were established as an Elovl5, Elovl2, and two Elovl4 paralogs, namely Elovl4a and Elovl4b. These Elovl enzymes, mainly Elovl5 and Elovl2, fulfill the necessary C18, C20, and C22 PUFA elongation steps for LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Collectively, these results validate the presence of a complete repertoire of LC-PUFA biosynthesis enzymes in a peat swamp miniatured freshwater fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Kei Sam
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nyok-Sean Lau
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Meng-Kiat Kuah
- Lab-Ind Resource Sdn. Bhd, 48300, Bukit Beruntung, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Engkamat Anak Lading
- Forest Department Sarawak, Forest Department HQ, Level 11, Baitul Makmur II, Medan Raya, Petra Jaya, 93050, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ishikawa A, Yamanouchi S, Iwasaki W, Kitano J. Convergent copy number increase of genes associated with freshwater colonization in fishes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200509. [PMID: 35634928 PMCID: PMC9149799 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) can cause phenotypic changes. However, in contrast to amino acid substitutions and cis-regulatory changes, little is known about the functional categories of genes in which CNV is important for adaptation to novel environments. It is also unclear whether the same genes repeatedly change the copy numbers for adapting to similar environments. Here, we investigate CNV associated with freshwater colonization in fishes, which was observed multiple times across different lineages. Using 48 ray-finned fishes across diverse orders, we identified 23 genes whose copy number increases were associated with freshwater colonization. These genes showed enrichment for peptide receptor activity, hexosyltransferase activity and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. We further revealed that three of the genes showed copy number increases in freshwater populations compared to marine ancestral populations of the stickleback genus Gasterosteus. These results indicate that copy number increases of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism (FADS2), immune function (PSMB8a) and thyroid hormone metabolism (UGT2) may be important for freshwater colonization at both the inter-order macroevolutionary scale and at the intra-genus microevolutionary scale. Further analysis across diverse taxa will help to understand the role of CNV in the adaptation to novel environments. This article is part of the theme issue 'Genetic basis of adaptation and speciation: from loci to causative mutations'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asano Ishikawa
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Shun Yamanouchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Wataru Iwasaki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Jun Kitano
- Ecological Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Twining CW, Shipley JR, Matthews B. Climate change creates nutritional phenological mismatches. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:736-739. [PMID: 35811171 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is creating phenological mismatches between consumers and their resources. However, while the importance of nutritional quality in ecological interactions is widely appreciated, most studies of phenological mismatch focus on energy content alone. We argue that mismatches in terms of phenology and nutrition will increase with climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia W Twining
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Seestrasse 79, CH-6057 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.
| | - J Ryan Shipley
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Seestrasse 79, CH-6057 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Seestrasse 79, CH-6057 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
AbstractTrophic transfer efficiency (TTE) is usually calculated as the ratio of production rates between two consecutive trophic levels. Although seemingly simple, TTE estimates from lakes are rare. In our review, we explore the processes and structures that must be understood for a proper lake TTE estimate. We briefly discuss measurements of production rates and trophic positions and mention how ecological efficiencies, nutrients (N, P) and other compounds (fatty acids) affect energy transfer between trophic levels and hence TTE. Furthermore, we elucidate how TTE estimates are linked with size-based approaches according to the Metabolic Theory of Ecology, and how food-web models can be applied to study TTE in lakes. Subsequently, we explore temporal and spatial heterogeneity of production and TTE in lakes, with a particular focus on the links between benthic and pelagic habitats and between the lake and the terrestrial environment. We provide an overview of TTE estimates from lakes found in the published literature. Finally, we present two alternative approaches to estimating TTE. First, TTE can be seen as a mechanistic quantity informing about the energy and matter flow between producer and consumer groups. This approach is informative with respect to food-web structure, but requires enormous amounts of data. The greatest uncertainty comes from the proper consideration of basal production to estimate TTE of omnivorous organisms. An alternative approach is estimating food-chain and food-web efficiencies, by comparing the heterotrophic production of single consumer levels or the total sum of all heterotrophic production including that of heterotrophic bacteria to the total sum of primary production. We close the review by pointing to a few research questions that would benefit from more frequent and standardized estimates of TTE in lakes.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ting SY, Lau NS, Sam KK, Janaranjani M, Wong SC, Monroig Ó, Quah ESH, Ahmad AB, Him NAIIN, Jaya-Ram A, Shu-Chien AC. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in a land-crab with advanced terrestrial adaptations: Molecular cloning and functional characterization of two fatty acyl elongases. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 262:110773. [PMID: 35718326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the presence and activities of the front-end fatty acyl desaturases and elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) enzymes, animals have different capacities for long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis. Successful land colonisation in brachyuran crabs requires a shift towards terrestrial food chain with limited LC-PUFA availability. We cloned and functionally characterised two elovl genes from the purple land crab Gecarcoidea lalandii. The two Elovl contained all the necessary motifs of a typical polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) Elovl and phylogenetically clustered in the Elovl1 and Elovl6 clades, respectively. The G. lalandii Elovl1 elongated saturated fatty acids, with low activities towards C20 and C22 PUFA substrates. Moreover, the G. lalandii Elovl6 was particularly active in the elongation of C18 PUFA, although it also recognised monounsaturated fatty acids as substrates for elongation. Collectively, the herein characterised G. lalandii elovl paralogues fulfil all the elongation steps involved in the LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways. Tissue distribution of the G. lalandii elovl genes, along with the FA composition analyses, suggest the hepatopancreas and gill as key metabolic sites for fatty acid elongation. However, current data suggest that G. lalandii is unable to rely solely on biosynthesis to fulfil LC-PUFA requirements, since front-end desaturase appears to be absent in this species and other decapods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seng Yeat Ting
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11900, Malaysia
| | - Nyok-Sean Lau
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11900, Malaysia
| | - Ka-Kei Sam
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11900, Malaysia
| | - M Janaranjani
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11900, Malaysia
| | - Swe Cheng Wong
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Óscar Monroig
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, 12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - Evan S H Quah
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Amirrudin B Ahmad
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | | | - Annette Jaya-Ram
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11900, Malaysia; School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lau NS, Ting SY, Sam KK, M J, Wong SC, Wu X, Waiho K, Fazhan H, Shu-Chien AC. Comparative Analyses of Scylla olivacea Gut Microbiota Composition and Function Suggest the Capacity for Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02046-0. [PMID: 35618944 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies in aquatic organisms have linked lipid metabolism with intestinal bacterial structure, the possibility of the gut microbiota participating in the biosynthesis of beneficial long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) remains vague. We profiled the gut microbiota of the mud crab Scylla olivacea fed with either a LC-PUFA rich (FO) or a LC-PUFA-poor but C18-PUFA substrate-rich (LOCO) diet. Additionally, a diet with a similar profile as LOCO but with the inclusion of an antibiotic, oxolinic acid (LOCOAB), was also used to further demarcate the possibility of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in gut microbiota. Compared to diet FO treatment, crabs fed diet LOCO contained a higher proportion of Proteobacteria, notably two known taxonomy groups with PUFA biosynthesis capacity, Vibrio and Shewanella. Annotation of metagenomic datasets also revealed enrichment in the KEGG pathway of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide synthase-like system sequences with this diet. Intriguingly, diet LOCOAB impeded the presence of Vibrio and Shewanella and with it, the function of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. However, there was an increase in the function of short-chain fatty acid production, accompanied by a shift towards the abundance of phyla Bacteroidota and Spirochaetota. Collectively, these results exemplified bacterial communities and their corresponding PUFA biosynthesis pathways in the microbiota of an aquatic crustacean species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nyok-Sean Lau
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Seng Yeat Ting
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ka-Kei Sam
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Janaranjani M
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Swe Cheng Wong
- Centre For Marine & Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Xugan Wu
- Centre for Research On Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Khor Waiho
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hanafiah Fazhan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jiménez-Peñuela J, Ferraguti M, la Puente JMD, Soriguer RC, Figuerola J, Isaksson C. Differences in fatty acids composition between Plasmodium infected and uninfected house sparrows along an urbanization gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152664. [PMID: 34998746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities such as intensification of agriculture, animal husbandry and expansion of cities can negatively impact wildlife through its influence on the availability of high-quality food resources and pathogen transmission. The house sparrow (Passer domesticus), an urban exploiter, is undergoing a population decline. Nutritional constrains and infectious diseases has been highlighted as potential causes. Fatty acids (FAs) play an important role in modulating certain immune responses needed to combat parasite infections. FAs are highly influenced by dietary availability and have been shown to vary between urban and rural birds. Habitat anthropization also affects avian malaria epidemiology but little attention has been given to the relationship between blood parasite infection, host FAs composition and anthropization. Here, we analysed 165 juvenile birds either infected by Plasmodium or uninfected, captured at 15 localities grouped in triplets containing urban, rural and natural habitats. The total level of FAs was higher in birds from urban than from rural habitats, suggesting a greater availability of fat-rich foods sources. Furthermore, Plasmodium infected birds had higher relative levels of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) but lower of ω-6 PUFAs than uninfected birds. In concordance, the ω-6/ω-3 ratio was also lower in infected than in uninfected birds, but only from natural habitats, likely driven by the slightly higher ω-3 PUFAs in infected birds from natural habitats. Birds from anthropized environments may metabolize the ω-3 PUFAs to promote anti-inflammatory responses against stressors, which would result in lower ω-3 affecting their response against Plasmodium. Alternatively, lower ω-6 PUFAs may influence birds susceptibility to infection due to a weaker pro-inflammatory response. These descriptive results do not allow us to identify the causality of these associations but highlight the need to further investigate the relevance of FAs for birds to fight infectious diseases in habitats with different degree of urbanization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Ferraguti
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Ecology (TCE), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098XH, the Netherlands.
| | - Josué Martínez-de la Puente
- Department of Parasitology, University of Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Ramón C Soriguer
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville E-41092, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville E-41092, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Expression of genes and localization of enzymes involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in rabbit testis and epididymis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2637. [PMID: 35173269 PMCID: PMC8850619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) plays an important role in male reproduction. Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids need to be provided in the diet and they are converted into long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by steps of elongation and desaturation, exerted by elongases 2 (ELOVL2) and 5 (ELOVL5) and Δ5- (FADS1) and Δ6-desaturase (FADS2). This study aims to assess the gene expression and localization of enzymes involved in the synthesis of n-3 and n-6 long-chain PUFAs in control rabbits and those fed diets containing 10% extruded flaxseed. Enzyme and PUFA localization were assessed in the testes and epididymis by immunofluorescence. Testes showed high gene expression of FADS2, ELOVL2 and ELOVL5 and low expression of FADS1. Intermediate metabolites, enzymes and final products were differently found in Leydig, Sertoli and germinal cells. FADS2 was localized in interstitial cells and elongated spermatids; ELOVL5 in meiotic cells; FADS1 was evident in interstitial tissue, Sertoli cells and elongated spermatids; ELOVL2 in interstitial cells. Epididymal vesicles were positive for FADS1, ELOVL2 and ELOVL5 as well as docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic, and arachidonic acids. This knowledge of fatty acids (FA) metabolism in spermatogenesis and the influence of diet on FA profile could help identify causes of male infertility, suggesting new personalized therapy.
Collapse
|
42
|
Shipley JR, Twining CW, Mathieu-Resuge M, Parmar TP, Kainz M, Martin-Creuzburg D, Weber C, Winkler DW, Graham CH, Matthews B. Climate change shifts the timing of nutritional flux from aquatic insects. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1342-1349.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
43
|
Monroig Ó, Shu-Chien A, Kabeya N, Tocher D, Castro L. Desaturases and elongases involved in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in aquatic animals: From genes to functions. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
44
|
Senevirathna JDM, Yonezawa R, Saka T, Igarashi Y, Funasaka N, Yoshitake K, Kinoshita S, Asakawa S. Selection of a reference gene for studies on lipid-related aquatic adaptations of toothed whales ( Grampus griseus). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17142-17159. [PMID: 34938499 PMCID: PMC8668803 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Toothed whales are one group of marine mammals that has developed special adaptations, such as echolocation for predation, to successfully live in a dynamic aquatic environment. Their fat metabolism may differ from that of other mammals because toothed whales have acoustic fats. Gene expression in the metabolic pathways of animals can change with respect to their evolution and environment. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a reliable technique for studying the relative expressions of genes. However, since the accuracy of RT-qPCR data is totally dependent on the reference gene, the selection of the reference gene is an essential step. In this study, 10 candidate reference genes (ZC3H10, FTL, LGALS1, RPL27, GAPDH, FTH1, DCN, TCTP, NDUS5, and UBIM) were initially tested for amplification efficiency using RT-qPCR. After excluding DCN, the remaining nine genes, which are nearly 100% efficient, were selected for the gene stability analysis. Stable reference genes across eight different fat tissue, liver, and muscle samples from Grampus griseus were identified by four algorithms, which were provided in Genorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and Delta CT. Finally, a RefFinder comprehensive ranking was performed based on the stability values, and the nine genes were ranked as follows: LGALS1 > FTL > GAPDH > ZC3H10 > FTH1 > NDUS5 > TCTP > RPL27 > UBIM. The LGALS1 and FTL genes were identified as the most stable novel reference genes. The third-ranked gene, GAPDH, is a well-known housekeeping gene for mammals. Ultimately, we suggest the use of LGALS1 as a reliable novel reference gene for genomics studies on the lipid-related aquatic adaptations of toothed whales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayan D. M. Senevirathna
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyDepartment of Aquatic BioscienceGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of Animal Science and Export AgricultureUva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka
| | - Ryo Yonezawa
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyDepartment of Aquatic BioscienceGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Taiki Saka
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyDepartment of Aquatic BioscienceGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yoji Igarashi
- Department of Life Sciences and ChemistryGraduate School of BioresourcesMie UniversityMieJapan
| | - Noriko Funasaka
- Department of Life SciencesGraduate School of BioresourcesMie UniversityMieJapan
| | - Kazutoshi Yoshitake
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyDepartment of Aquatic BioscienceGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shigeharu Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyDepartment of Aquatic BioscienceGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shuichi Asakawa
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyDepartment of Aquatic BioscienceGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Warming winters in lakes: Later ice onset promotes consumer overwintering and shapes springtime planktonic food webs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2114840118. [PMID: 34810251 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114840118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate warming is causing the loss of freshwater ice around the Northern Hemisphere. Although the timing and duration of ice covers are known to regulate ecological processes in seasonally ice-covered ecosystems, the consequences of shortening winters for freshwater biota are poorly understood owing to the scarcity of under-ice research. Here, we present one of the first in-lake experiments to postpone ice-cover onset (by ≤21 d), thereby extending light availability (by ≤40 d) in early winter, and explicitly demonstrate cascading effects on pelagic food web processes and phenologies. Delaying ice-on elicited a sequence of events from winter to spring: 1) relatively greater densities of algal resources and primary consumers in early winter; 2) an enhanced prevalence of winter-active (overwintering) consumers throughout the ice-covered period, associated with augmented storage of high-quality fats likely due to a longer access to algal resources in early winter; and 3) an altered trophic structure after ice-off, with greater initial springtime densities of overwintering consumers driving stronger, earlier top-down regulation, effectively reducing the spring algal bloom. Increasingly later ice onset may thus promote consumer overwintering, which can confer a competitive advantage on taxa capable of surviving winters upon ice-off; a process that may diminish spring food availability for other consumers, potentially disrupting trophic linkages and energy flow pathways over the subsequent open-water season. In considering a future with warmer winters, these results provide empirical evidence that may help anticipate phenological responses to freshwater ice loss and, more broadly, constitute a case of climate-induced cross-seasonal cascade on realized food web processes.
Collapse
|
46
|
Twining CW, Parmar TP, Mathieu-Resuge M, Kainz MJ, Shipley JR, Martin-Creuzburg D. Use of Fatty Acids From Aquatic Prey Varies With Foraging Strategy. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.735350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Across ecosystems, resources vary in their nutritional composition and thus their dietary value to consumers. Animals can either access organic compounds, such as fatty acids, directly from diet or through internal biosynthesis, and the extent to which they use these two alternatives likely varies based on the availability of such compounds across the nutritional landscape. Cross-ecosystem subsidies of important dietary nutrients, like omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), may provide consumers with the opportunity to relax the demands of synthesis and rely upon dietary flexibility rather than internal metabolic processes. Here, we examined how dietary flexibility and distance from a lake influenced the degree to which generalist insectivores relied upon dietary n-3 LC-PUFA from emergent aquatic insects versus n-3 LC-PUFA synthesized from precursor compounds found in terrestrial insects. We used bulk and compound-specific stable isotope analyses to understand spider and insectivorous bird (Blue Tit; Cyanistes caeruleus) reliance on aquatic and terrestrial resources, including dietary PUFA sources, along a riparian to upland gradient from a lake. We simultaneously investigated n-3 LC-PUFA synthesis ability in nestlings using 13C fatty acid labeling. We found that riparian spiders took advantage of emergent aquatic insect subsidies, deriving their overall diet and their n-3 PUFA from aquatic resources whereas nestling birds at all distances and upland spiders relied upon terrestrial resources, including PUFA. Our 13C labeling experiment demonstrated that nestling tits were able to synthesize the n-3 LC-PUFA docosahexaenoic acid from the dietary precursor α-linolenic acid, suggesting that they are not limited by aquatic resources to satisfy their LC-PUFA requirements. Overall, this study suggests that habitat generalist insectivores vary in the degree to which they can shift diet to take advantage of high-quality aquatic resources depending upon both their foraging flexibility and internal synthesis capacity.
Collapse
|