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Poole BJ, Phillips NL, Killer BL, Gilmore C, Lah S. Mathematics Skills in Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2024; 34:598-636. [PMID: 37490196 PMCID: PMC11166774 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Mathematics incorporates a broad range of skills, which includes basic early numeracy skills, such as subitizing and basic counting to more advanced secondary skills including mathematics calculation and reasoning. The aim of this review was to undertake a detailed investigation of the severity and pattern of early numeracy and secondary mathematics skills in people with epilepsy. Searches were guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Twenty adult studies and 67 child studies were included in this review. Overall, meta-analyses revealed significant moderate impairments across all mathematics outcomes in both adults (g= -0.676), and children (g= -0.593) with epilepsy. Deficits were also observed for specific mathematics outcomes. For adults, impairments were found for mathematics reasoning (g= -0.736). However, two studies found that mathematics calculation was not significantly impaired, and an insufficient number of studies examined early numeracy skills in adults. In children with epilepsy, significant impairments were observed for each mathematics outcome: early numeracy (g= -0.383), calculation (g= -0.762), and reasoning (g= -0.572). The gravity of impairments also differed according to the site of seizure focus for children and adults, suggesting that mathematics outcomes were differentially vulnerable to the location of seizure focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Poole
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Natalie L Phillips
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Brittany L Killer
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Camilla Gilmore
- Centre for Mathematical Cognition, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Suncica Lah
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Enkhtuya B, Bayarsaikhan A, Lkhagvasuren B, Sainbat U, Bayanmunkh B, Avirmed T, Tsend B. Emotional intelligence in children with epilepsy. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:260-266. [PMID: 39007084 PMCID: PMC11240295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder in the pediatric population, often accompanied by comorbidities, drug-related burdens, and psychosocial issues. Emotional intelligence (EI) is a crucial aspect of neurocognitive functioning that may be impaired in various clinical conditions. This study aimed to assess EI and its associated risk factors in children with epilepsy. Methods In a case-control design, we recruited 47 children with epilepsy (37 males, mean age 10.5 ± 3.1 years) and age- and gender-matched controls. Participants were evaluated using the Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (EQ-I:YV). We included risk factors, including comorbidities, perinatal complications, epilepsy characteristics, and magnetic resonance imaging results to predict EI. Results Results indicate that children with epilepsy demonstrated significantly lower EI scores compared to controls (Total EQ score: p = 0.031, intrapersonal: p < 0.001, adaptability: p = 0.03, and general mood: p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that lower total EQ scores were associated with the number of anti-epileptic drugs, age, seizure frequency, MRI abnormalities, aura, and early onset of seizures. Conclusions The study provides evidence that children with epilepsy exhibit lower EQ scores than control group, with notable differences in intrapersonal skills, adaptability, and general mood. Additionally, age, and some seizure-related factors predicted decreased total EQ scores. These findings emphasize the need to consider EI in the context of pediatric epilepsy, as impaired EI may contribute to further psychosocial challenges faced by affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battamir Enkhtuya
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Amgalan Bayarsaikhan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Battuvshin Lkhagvasuren
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Narita, Chiba, Japan
| | - Uranbileg Sainbat
- Mongolian Psychology Diagnostic and Training Methodology Center, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Binderiya Bayanmunkh
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tovuudorj Avirmed
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bayarmaa Tsend
- Department of Psychology, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Mazzone PP, Weir CJ, Stephen J, Bhattacharya S, Chin RFM. Socioeconomic status in adulthood of children with and without a history of seizures: A retrospective cohort study. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 153:109705. [PMID: 38428172 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compare adulthood socioeconomic status for children with and without a history of seizures. METHODS Retrospective cohort study using Aberdeen Children of the Nineteen Fifties (ACONF) data comprising children born 1950-1956 attending primary school 1962-1964, with follow-up data collected in 2001. Adulthood socioeconomic status was based on registrar general measure of occupational social class and categorised as high or low. We adjusted for potentially confounding variables including childhood socioeconomic status, behavioural issues (Rutter A/B scores), biological sex, school test scores, educational attainment, parental engagement with education, peer-status in school, and alcohol use in adulthood. A multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted association between children with a history of seizures of any type (for example febrile seizures, or provoked seizures of any other etiology or seizures in the context of epilepsy) or severity and adult socioeconomic status. Multiple imputation using the Monte-Carlo-Markov-Chain method accounted for missing data. RESULTS Pooled estimates (N = 2,208) comparing children with a history of seizures (n = 81) and children without a history of seizures (n = 2,127) found no differences between these cohorts in terms of adulthood socioeconomic status in both unadjusted (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.45 [95 % CI 0.71-2.96], p = 0.31) and adjusted (1.02 [0.46, 2.24], p = 0.96) analyses. Compared to males, females were at increased odds of having a lower socioeconomic status in adulthood (1.56 [1.13-2.17], p = 0.01).Compared to those with low educational attainment, those with moderate (0.32 [0.21, 0.48], p < 0.001) and high (0.12 [0.07, 0.20], p < 0.001) educational attainment were at reduced odds of having a lower socioeconomic status in adulthood. CONCLUSION Cognitive problems in childhood (using educational attainment and scores on primary school tests proxy markers for cognition) rather than a history of seizures per se, were associated with lower SES in a population of adults born 1950-56 in Aberdeen. This relationship may be different depending on the time in history and nation/region of study. Given the changes in health, education and social support in the management of children with seizures over time, it would be of interest to investigate outcomes in a contemporary cohort. Such studies should ideally have validated diagnoses of seizures, details on seizure characteristics such as seizure type and severity, and a large sample size using national data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo P Mazzone
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Child Life and Health, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher J Weir
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Stephen
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sohinee Bhattacharya
- Formerly of Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research, The Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Richard F M Chin
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Child Life and Health, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Dreier JW, Trabjerg BB, Plana-Ripoll O, Skipper N, Agerbo E, Cotsapas C, Berg AT, Christensen J. Epilepsy in childhood and school performance: a nation-wide cohort study. Brain 2024; 147:532-541. [PMID: 38102964 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood epilepsy has been linked to poor academic performance, but large-scale studies are lacking. In this nation-wide study of school-aged children, we examined the association between childhood epilepsy and school performance in standardized tests according to phenotypic and treatment-related characteristics. We performed a matched register-based cohort study of children born in Denmark (1997-2009) who participated in the Danish National School Test Programme between 2010 and 2019. We used population and health registers to identify children with epilepsy and a randomly sampled sex- and age-matched reference cohort without epilepsy (ratio 1:10). Norm-based test scores from language and mathematics reflecting performance as a percentile of the nation-wide distribution of scores (scale 1-100) were used to assess academic performance. Adjusted differences in mean standardized scores between children with and without epilepsy were estimated using linear regression models. Among 582 840 children participating in the School Test Programme, we identified 4659 (0.8%) children with epilepsy (52.8% males) and 46 590 matched reference children. Median age at epilepsy onset was 7.5 years (interquartile range: 4.0-10.6). Childhood epilepsy was associated with poorer school performance overall (mean score = 48.2 versus references = 56.7; adjusted difference = -6.7, 95% CI: -7.4 to -6.0), and worse performance was found in all epilepsy subgroups, including in 3534 children with uncomplicated epilepsy (i.e. no other pre-existing neurologic or intellectual disabilities and no identified possible cause for epilepsy; adjusted difference = -6.0, 95% CI: -6.8 to -5.2). No major variation by sex, age or subject was observed, but larger score differences were seen in children using antiseizure medication at time of testing (e.g. valproate monotherapy, adjusted difference = -9.3, 95% CI: -11.5 to -7.0 and lamotrigine monotherapy, adjusted difference = -13.1, 95% CI: -15.0 to -11.3) and in children with psychiatric comorbidity, especially epilepsy with comorbid intellectual disability (adjusted difference = -27.0, 95% CI: -30.0 to -23.9) and epilepsy with comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adjusted difference = -15.7, 95% CI: -19.0 to -12.4). Children with epilepsy scored significantly lower than their unaffected siblings (adjusted difference = -6.2, 95% CI: -7.1 to -5.4). In conclusion, childhood epilepsy was associated with impaired academic performance throughout schooling, which suggest that there is a widespread need for educational support of children with epilepsy, even when the child has no other comorbidities and when the epilepsy appears well-managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie W Dreier
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Betina B Trabjerg
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Oleguer Plana-Ripoll
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Skipper
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Chris Cotsapas
- Department of Neurology, Yale, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anne T Berg
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University - Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jakob Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Makhado TG, Lebese RT, Maputle MS. Incorporation of Epilepsy into Life Skills Education: Perceptions of Primary School Learners in Mpumalanga and Limpopo Province—A Qualitative Exploratory Study. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10030569. [PMID: 36980128 PMCID: PMC10047888 DOI: 10.3390/children10030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Providing education on epilepsy is crucial, as this helps individuals to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively manage seizures while also reducing the stigma and misconceptions surrounding the condition. The aim of this research was to examine how learners perceive the integration of epilepsy education into life skills training. A descriptive-exploratory design was utilized for the study. The research took place in the provinces of Limpopo and Mpumalanga, located in South Africa, where primary schools in chosen rural communities were selected for the research. Six focus group discussions were conducted with learners aged 9 to 14 years in grades 4 to 7. Each group was comprised of six learners, resulting in a total of 36 individuals who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Data were collected from August to November 2022. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to collect data until saturation was reached. The collected data were analyzed with the assistance of ATLAS.ti. The study’s results underscore the significance of incorporating epilepsy education into life skills curricula at the primary school level, as revealed by two prominent themes that emerged: first, the reasons provided by students for the integration of epilepsy education into life skills training, and second, the preferred teaching methodologies for epilepsy education within the life skills curriculum as identified by learners. Trustworthiness and ethical consideration were ensured. It is recommended that guidelines for epilepsy life skills should be developed to enhance the wellbeing and academic performance of learners with epilepsy in primary schools in Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thendo Gertie Makhado
- Department of Advance Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Rachel Tsakani Lebese
- Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Maria Sonto Maputle
- Department of Advance Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
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Smith ML, Risse G, Sziklas V, Banks S, Small D, Frasnelli J, Klein D. Neurophysiology, Neuropsychology, Epilepsy, 2022: Hills We Have Climbed and the Hills Ahead. Cognition and Sensory Systems in Healthy and Diseased Subjects. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 140:109119. [PMID: 36804713 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes selected presentations from a session titled "Cognition and Sensory Systems in Healthy and Diseased Subjects", held to highlight and honor the work of Dr. Marilyn Jones-Gotman. The session was part of a two-day symposium, "Neurophysiology, Neuropsychology, Epilepsy, 2022: Hills We Have Climbed and the Hills Ahead". The session presented research on epilepsy and sensory systems by colleagues and former trainees of Dr. Jones-Gotman. The extended summaries provide an overview of historical and current work in the neuropsychology of epilepsy, neuropsychological and neuroimaging approaches to understanding brain organization, sex differences in brain mechanisms underlying neurological disorders, dietary influences on brain function and cognition, and expertise in olfactory training and language experiences and their implications for brain organization and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lou Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga; Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Gail Risse
- Minnesota Epilepsy Group, Roseville, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Viviane Sziklas
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Banks
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dana Small
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Denise Klein
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Poole BJ, Lah S. Mathematics difficulties are related to mathematics anxiety in children with epilepsy: An online study. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 139:109068. [PMID: 36628849 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.109068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Children with epilepsy have an increased risk of difficulties with mathematics. Research into the mathematics difficulties of children with epilepsy, however, is limited. This study sought to determine whether the mathematics difficulties of children with epilepsy are related to mathematics anxiety over and above other previously identified factors (reading difficulties, generalized anxiety, and working memory). METHOD Seventy-nine parents of children with epilepsy and 72 parents of typically developing children completed online questionnaires on their child's mathematics and reading difficulties (CLDQ; Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire), mathematics anxiety (mAMAS; Modified Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale), general anxiety (SCAS; Spence Child Anxiety Scale), and working memory (BRIEF-2; Brief Rating Inventory of Executive Function-2nd Edition). Questionnaires also collected demographic information and epilepsy variables. RESULTS Children with epilepsy had higher scores on the CLDQ mathematics subscale (CLDQm) and the mAMAS compared to typically developing children. Younger age of epilepsy onset, higher seizure frequency, and a greater number of anti-seizure medications accounted for 20.4% of the variance on the CLDQm. The CLDQ reading subscale (CLDQr) justified an additional 14% of the variance on the CLDQm. Finally, the mAMAS explained 20.2% of the variance on the CLDQm, after controlling for epilepsy variables and CLDQr. In contrast, the BRIEF-2 and SCAS did not account for a significant amount of variance on the CLDQm. SIGNIFICANCE Mathematics anxiety is the most significant contributor to mathematics difficulties experienced by children with epilepsy. Difficulties with reading and epilepsy factors also have significant, albeit smaller contributions to mathematics difficulties in this clinical population. Given the multiplicity of factors contributing to mathematics difficulties, a comprehensive, multidisciplinary treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Poole
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Suncica Lah
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Svanström K, Hallböök T, Rezanova J, Olsson I, Carlén C, Reilly C. Supporting Attention in Children with Epilepsy (SPACE): Pilot of a psychoeducational intervention. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 138:108996. [PMID: 36459814 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with epilepsy are at high risk for impairing symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), especially difficulties with attention. There is limited evidence regarding the use of psychological interventions for children with epilepsy and attention difficulties. We developed and piloted a novel psychoeducational intervention -Supporting Attention in Children with Epilepsy (SPACE). METHODS Eligible children with epilepsy (8-13 years) and difficulties with attention underwent a comprehensive psychological assessment and took part in a single-arm trial of the SPACE intervention. The first three sessions of SPACE took place in groups of 3-5 children and two psychologists. The final three sessions involved one psychologist meeting the child and parent(s). The child's teacher joined for one of the final three sessions. The first group of participants participated in the intervention in person. Subsequent groups took part online due to COVID-19-related restrictions. Measures of ADHD -inattention symptoms (parent and teacher), executive functioning (child, parent, and teacher), and epilepsy-specific and general Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) (child and parent) were administered before and three months after completing the intervention. RESULTS Twenty-seven children with epilepsy expressed an interest in participating. Sixteen children met eligibility criteria and participated in a single-arm pilot of the intervention. All 16 participants completed the intervention. Pre- and post-intervention data were available for 15 of the 16 children. Improvement in function was noted on all measures and reached statistical significance for child ratings of executive functioning (p = 0.030) and HRQOL (p = 0.043), and parent-rated child HRQOL (p < 0.001). Qualitative feedback regarding content and acceptability was positive. CONCLUSION A psychoeducational intervention for children with epilepsy and difficulties with attention can lead to improved executive functioning and HRQOL. Such an intervention may be a useful first-line intervention for children with epilepsy at risk for or diagnosed with ADHD and/or be used in combination with pharmacological treatment with children with epilepsy and ADHD. However, more robustly designed studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Svanström
- Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tove Hallböök
- Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, Gothenburg, Sweden; Dept. of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia Rezanova
- Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Olsson
- Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, Gothenburg, Sweden; Dept. of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Clara Carlén
- Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Colin Reilly
- Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, Gothenburg, Sweden; Dept. of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Effects of physical exercise in people with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 137:108959. [PMID: 36399947 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that physical exercise lead to improvements in the psychosocial dimension, associated comorbidities as well as to a higher quality of life (QoL) in people with epilepsy. However, there is a need to provide evidence-based guidelines for its prescription. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically evaluate and meta-analyze the available data on the potential effects of physical exercise training programs in people with epilepsy. METHODS Four electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, PEDro, SPORTDiscuss and Scopus) were searched systematically from their inception until April 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparative studies and non-controlled studies that provided information regarding the effects of physical exercise training programs on people with epilepsy. The studies' methodological quality assessment was performed using the PEDro, the MINORS and the Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After Studies with No Control Group scales. For the meta-analysis, inverse variance or generic inverse variance was use to report mean difference or standardized mean difference for continuous data and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed with the Chi-squared test and I2 test. RESULTS After removing duplicated studies, 82 results were retrieved by the literature search and 14 were eligible for full text search. Finally, 14 studies with a methodological quality ranging from good to low quality met the inclusion criteria. Totally, 331 people with epilepsy were evaluated. Significant changes between preand post-intervention results in the exercise intervention groups were observed for QoL, fitness level, psycho-affective and neurocognitive outcomes. Findings from the meta-analysis indicated that moderate exercise led to a non-significant decrease (p = 0.08, Chi-squared test) in seizure frequency (SMD 0.33 95% CI 0.04; 0.70), while a significant effect of exercise was observed on QoL with a mean improvement of 4.72 percentage points (95% CI 0.58; 8.86, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Improvements on QoL, fitness level, psycho-affective and neurocognitive outcomes can be achieved through exercise training in people with epilepsy. Altogether, the findings suggest that people with epilepsy can benefit from exercising.
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Glutig K, Lange L, Krüger PC, Gräger S, de Vries H, Brandl U, Gaser C, Mentzel HJ. Differences in Cerebellar Volume as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Children and Adolescents With Epilepsy of Unknown Etiology. J Child Neurol 2022; 37:939-948. [PMID: 36113051 PMCID: PMC9703387 DOI: 10.1177/08830738221114241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is one of the most common brain diseases during childhood and adolescence. Atrophy in different brain areas is possible during epilepsy. This study aimed to verify whether cerebellar volume differences could be detected by volume analysis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with epilepsy. METHOD In this retrospective study, 41 children (3.1-18.8 years) with epilepsy of unknown etiology were included (duration of epilepsy 1.9 ± 3 years). A cranial MRI with a volumetric 3-dimensional, T1-weighted sequence was used for volume analysis. The MRIs of 26 patients with headache (5.3-17.1 years) were analyzed for comparison. A volume analysis of the cerebellum was performed using region-based morphometry. Total cerebellar volume, total white and gray matter volume, and 48 regional lobules (L), separated into white and gray matter, were calculated. Cerebellar volumes are presented in relative ratios as the volume fraction of cerebellar volume to total intracranial volume: CV/TIV. RESULTS The ratio of overall white matter volume was significantly lower in the case group (23.93 × 10-3, P = .039). A significantly lower ratio of regional white matter volume was detected in LV right (P = .031) and left (P = .014), in LVIIIB right (P = .011) and left (P = .019), and in LVIIIA left (P = .009). CONCLUSION Our results emphasize that volume analysis of the total cerebellar volume alone is insufficient to characterize cerebellar differences in children with epilepsy. Rather, in specific cerebellar region volume analysis using region-based morphometry, children with epilepsy showed significantly lower regional volumes of lobules, which are important for sensorimotor function (LV, LVIII) and higher cognitive function (crus I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Glutig
- Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital, Jena, Germany,Katja Glutig, Jena University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Luisa Lange
- Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Paul-Christian Krüger
- Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Gräger
- Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Heike de Vries
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brandl
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Structural Brain Mapping Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Mentzel
- Department of Radiology, Section of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Johnson E, Atkinson P, Muggeridge A, Cross JH, Reilly C. Impact of epilepsy on learning and behaviour and needed supports: Views of children, parents and school staff. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 40:61-68. [PMID: 36031701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited data on the views of young people with epilepsy, their parents and school staff regarding the impact of epilepsy on learning and behaviour in school. The purpose of the study was to gain an understanding of the impact of epilepsy on learning and behaviour and needed supports according to children with epilepsy, their parents and supporting school staff. METHODS School-aged children (n = 20) with 'active epilepsy' (taking anti-seizure Medications (ASMs) for epilepsy), their parents (n = 68) and school staff (n = 56) were interviewed or completed surveys. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and responses were compared for children attending mainstream and special schools using chi-square analyses. The answers to open questions were answered using thematic analyses. RESULTS The majority (53%) of children with epilepsy felt that epilepsy affected their learning including aspects such as memory, attention and concentration but also physical and emotional wellbeing including increased tiredness and lowered self-confidence. In addition, children brought up possible negative aspects of taking ASMs including increased irritability and emotional reactivity. The children also mentioned that epilepsy in school was associated with stigma and restrictions. The majority (85%) of parents agreed that epilepsy affects the child's learning/behaviour while more staff agreed that epilepsy affects learning (61%) than behaviour (45%). Most parents agreed that that their child's school provided the appropriate resources to support their child's learning (79%) and 72% agreed that they were satisfied overall with the support their child received at school. However, parents of children attending special schools were more likely to agree that the child's school provided appropriate resources to support their child's learning (p = 0.034) and be satisfied with the support their child received in school (p = 0.02), than parents of children attending mainstream schools. With respect to current or desired supports, analysis of the children's responses indicated that they want access to supportive environments outside the classroom, accommodations in tests/exams and increased support from trusted adults. Parent responses included approaches that promote child wellbeing, environmental accommodations, a high ratio of adult support and a consideration of the child's communication needs. Staff views regarding optimal strategies included a high level of adult support for the child, environmental accommodations, use of multimodal learning, adapting communication and approaches that promote psychological wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS The majority of children perceived that epilepsy affected their learning and behaviour in school including leading to specific learning difficulties, but also negative impacts on emotional and physical wellbeing. Levels of parental satisfaction with supports were significantly higher in special schools compared with mainstream schools. Children, parents and staff highlighted a number of supports which they felt can support the child with epilepsy's learning but also emotional wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Johnson
- Research Department, Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, Surrey, RH7 6PW, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Patricia Atkinson
- Child Development Centre, Crawley Hospital, West Green Drive, Crawley, RH11 7DH, West Sussex, UK
| | - Amy Muggeridge
- Research Department, Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, Surrey, RH7 6PW, UK
| | - J Helen Cross
- Research Department, Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, Surrey, RH7 6PW, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (ICH), 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK
| | - Colin Reilly
- Research Department, Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, Surrey, RH7 6PW, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (ICH), 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK.
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12
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The impact of childhood epilepsy on academic performance: A population-based matched cohort study. Seizure 2022; 99:91-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Inclusion and participation of children with epilepsy in schools: Views of young people, school staff and parents. Seizure 2021; 93:34-43. [PMID: 34670146 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain an understanding of the views of children with epilepsy, their parents and staff regarding inclusion and participation of children with epilepsy in school. METHODS During the study period, 136 children with 'active' epilepsy (taking anti-seizure Medications (ASMs) for epilepsy), were identified in the study area and of these 68 (50% of those eligible) families agreed to participate. Children (n = 20) with 'active epilepsy' their parents (n = 68) and staff (n = 56) were interviewed or completed surveys. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses. The answers to open questions were analysed using thematic analyses. RESULTS Staff in mainstream schools were more concerned about the child's attendance than staff in special schools (p = 0.008).Parents and school staff cited a number of negative aspects of the child's attendance difficulties including social-emotional and academic aspects. The majority of parents and staff felt that young people with epilepsy were included in school to the same extent as peers. Parents were however, significantly less likely than staff to agree that children were included in all playground activities (p = 0.045). Parents of children in special schools were more likely to agree that their child was included in school than parents of children attending mainstream schools (p = 0.041). Thematic analysis revealed that parents felt that their child could be excluded in school due to staff decisions, child's own choice and peer led exclusion. The majority of children (64%) and parents (56%) agreed that the child with epilepsy was restricted from doing things their peers could do because of their epilepsy. While more than half of children with epilepsy (63%) reported that they had been bullied, most did not attribute this bullying to having epilepsy. Parents were more likely to agree that their child was bullied because of their epilepsy (p = 0.035) and non-epilepsy reasons than staff (p<0.001). Parents of children with epilepsy attending mainstream schools were more likely to agree that their child was bullied because of their epilepsy (p = 0.017) and non-epilepsy reasons (p = 0.026), compared to parents of children with epilepsy attending special schools. CONCLUSIONS School attendance difficulties for children with epilepsy can contribute to academic and social-emotional difficulties. Most parents and teachers feel that children with epilepsy are included in classroom activities to the same extent as peers. Children with epilepsy and their parents believe that they are more restricted in non-classroom activities compared with their peers. Difficulties with participation, friendships and bullying for children with epilepsy may be due to presence of other conditions as opposed to epilepsy per se. There is a need to increase understanding of the wide ranging impact of epilepsy on school life in order to enhance attendance and inclusion and to reduce bullying.
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Aburahma SK, Hammouri H, Hazaimeh E, Jbarah O, Nassar A, Almasri A, Al Momani M, Bashtawi M. Social impairment in children with epilepsy assessed by the social responsiveness scale. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1170-1181. [PMID: 34271834 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211033176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Children with epilepsy are at risk for impaired social cognition and autism. We aimed at evaluating the utility of the social responsiveness scale (SRS) for assessment of social impairment in these children. Prospective study; the SRS was applied to a group of children with epilepsy and a healthy control group. Intellectual disability in the epilepsy group was assessed utilizing adapted versions of the Wechsler Intelligence and adaptive behavior scales. One hundred and one children with epilepsy and 92 healthy children were included. The majority of children in both groups had normal SRS scores. Significant differences were identified in children with high total scores indicating significant deficiencies in reciprocal social behavior; high scores were found in 16% of children with epilepsy versus 7% of normal children, p < .05, particularly involving social communication, p < .05. Intellectual disability was identified in 42% of children with epilepsy, particularly processing speed index, p < .001. Intellectual disability had a significant effect on total scores, p = .016. Children with epilepsy have increased risk of social impairments. Social impairments are more likely in the presence of intellectual disability. The SRS is a quick identification tool that can be employed in the outpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah K Aburahma
- Faculty of Medicine, 37251Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hanan Hammouri
- Faculty of Mathematics, 37251Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ethar Hazaimeh
- Faculty of Medicine, 37251Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar Jbarah
- Faculty of Medicine, 37251Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Nassar
- Department of Medicine, 8405MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - Ayham Almasri
- Faculty of Medicine, 37251Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Miral Al Momani
- Faculty of Medicine, 37251Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Bashtawi
- Faculty of Medicine, 37251Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Saji M, Kanemoto K, Matsuoka E, Iwamoto K. Impact of antiepileptic drugs on simulated driving in patients with epilepsy. Seizure 2021; 92:195-199. [PMID: 34551366 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Results of observational investigations have demonstrated that the risk of a traffic accident is independent of use of AEDs. However, no reports of driving tests conducted with patients administered AEDs have been presented. This study examined this scenario in a simulated driving setting. METHODS Driving performance of 43 patients with epilepsy (PWE) and prescribed an AED, who were licensed to drive and drove regularly (subject group), was assessed, with the results compared to 40 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (control group). Daily driving skills associated with a traffic accident were examined using two different tests provided by a driving simulator software package, road-tracking and car-following. Standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) and distance coefficient of variation (DCV) were determined as primary and exploratory outcomes, respectively. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference for primary outcome shown by SDLP between the subject and control groups (p = 0.906), nor for exploratory outcome shown by DCV (p = 0.063). Multiple regression analysis revealed that age (ß=0.967, p = 0.001), female gender (ß=0.469, p<0.001), and duration of driving experience (ß=-0.583, p = 0.038) were correlated with SDLP. SIGNIFICANCE The present results demonstrated that the driving performance of PWE taking AEDs was not different from that of healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoe Saji
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Aichi Medical University, Yazako-karimata 1-1, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kousuke Kanemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Aichi Medical University, Yazako-karimata 1-1, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Emi Matsuoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Aichi Medical University, Yazako-karimata 1-1, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Iwamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Johnson EC, Atkinson P, Muggeridge A, Cross JH, Reilly C. Epilepsy in schools: Views on educational and therapeutic provision, understanding of epilepsy and seizure management. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 122:108179. [PMID: 34256338 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain an understanding of the views of young people with epilepsy, their parents and school staff regarding educational and therapeutic provision, understanding of epilepsy and seizure management in schools. METHODS School-aged children (n = 20) with 'active epilepsy' (taking Anti-Seizure Medications (ASMs) for epilepsy), their parents (n = 68), and school staff (n = 56) were interviewed or completed bespoke questionnaires. In addition, all participating children underwent psychological assessment including measures of behavior and cognition. RESULTS Only 15% of participating children had received psychological support despite 60% scoring within the at-risk range on a measure of behavioral and emotional difficulties. More than half of the responding children reported that some of their teachers and friends did not know that they had epilepsy. A significant minority of parents (32%) did not feel that the child's transition from preschool to primary, or primary to secondary school was managed well. Knowledge of the child's epilepsy was felt to be significantly better in special schools than mainstream schools according to both parents and school staff. Staff in special schools perceived they were more knowledgeable about the child's ASMs and changes to ASMs than staff in mainstream schools. Staff in special schools were significantly more likely to have received training on general aspects of epilepsy, seizure management, and impacts on learning and/or behavior. Parental interviews indicated difficulties accessing educational and therapeutic supports. Parents often felt that they had to drive the process to gain supports themselves. They also reported limited professional support, and inadequate communication between themselves and the school and school staff and medical/therapeutic professionals regarding their child's needs. Parents would like more school staff to recognize the impacts of epilepsy on learning and behavior and to support their child more holistically. Many parents wanted more resources for assessment and therapeutic provision in relation to their child's learning, behavior, and emotions. CONCLUSION Knowledge of epilepsy is felt by parents and staff to be significantly better in special schools compared with mainstream schools. Parents highlighted the need for increased knowledge of the impacts of epilepsy on learning and behavior and perceived a need for more resources for assessment of these difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Research Department, Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, Surrey RH7 6PW, UK
| | - Patricia Atkinson
- Child Development Centre, Crawley Hospital, West Green Drive, Crawley RH11 7DH, West Sussex, UK
| | - Amy Muggeridge
- Research Department, Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, Surrey RH7 6PW, UK
| | - J Helen Cross
- Research Department, Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, Surrey RH7 6PW, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK; UCL, NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (ICH), 30 Guilford Street London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Colin Reilly
- Research Department, Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, Surrey RH7 6PW, UK; UCL, NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (ICH), 30 Guilford Street London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Anguzu R, Akun P, Katairo T, Abbo C, Ningwa A, Ogwang R, Mwaka AD, Marsh K, Newton CR, Idro R. Household poverty, schooling, stigma and quality of life in adolescents with epilepsy in rural Uganda. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 114:107584. [PMID: 33248944 PMCID: PMC7613327 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy remains a leading chronic neurological disorder in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. In Uganda, the highest burden is among young rural people. We aimed to; (i) describe socio-economic status (including schooling), and household poverty in adolescents living with epilepsy (ALE) compared to unaffected counterparts in the same communities and (ii) determine the factors associated with the overall quality of life (QoL). METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey nested within a larger study of ALE compared to age-matched healthy community children in Uganda. Between Sept 2016 to Sept 2017, 154 ALE and 154 healthy community controls were consecutively recruited. Adolescents recruited were frequency and age-matched based on age categories 10-14 and 15-19 years. Clinical history and standardized assessments were conducted. One control participant had incomplete assessment and was excluded. The primary outcome was overall QoL and key variables assessed were schooling status and household poverty. Descriptive and multivariable linear regression analysis were conducted for independent associations with overall QoL. RESULTS Mean (SD) age at seizure onset was 8.8 (3.9) years and median (IQR) monthly seizure burden was 2 (1-4). Epilepsy was associated with living in homes with high household poverty; 95/154 (61.7%) ALE lived in the poorest homes compared to 68/153 (44.5%) of the healthy adolescents, p = 0.001. Nearly two-thirds of ALE had dropped out of school and only 48/154 (31.2%) were currently attending school compared to 136/153 (88.9%) of healthy controls, p < 0.001. QoL was lowest among ALE who never attended school (p < 0.001), with primary education (p = 0.006) compared to those with at least secondary education. Stigma scores [mean(SD)] were highest among ALE in the poorest [69.1(34.6)], and wealthy [70.2(32.2)] quintiles compared to their counterparts in poorer [61.8(31.7)], medium [68.0(32.7)] and wealthiest [61.5(33.3)] quintiles, though not statistically significant (p = 0.75). After adjusting for covariates, ALE currently attending school had higher overall QoL compared to their counterparts who never attended school (β = 4.20, 95%CI: 0.90,7.49, p = 0.013). QoL scores were higher among ALE with ≥secondary education than those with no or primary education (β = 10.69, 95%CI: 1.65, 19.72). CONCLUSIONS ALE in this rural area are from the poorest households, are more likely to drop out of school and have the lowest QoL. Those with poorer seizure control are most affected. ALE should be included among vulnerable population groups and in addition to schooling, strategies for seizure control and addressing the epilepsy treatment gap in affected homes should be specifically targeted in state poverty eradication programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Anguzu
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Centre for Tropical Neuroscience, Kampala, Uganda,Institute of Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Pamela Akun
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Centre for Tropical Neuroscience, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Thomas Katairo
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Catherine Abbo
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Albert Ningwa
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Centre for Tropical Neuroscience, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rodney Ogwang
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Centre for Tropical Neuroscience, Kampala, Uganda,Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Kevin Marsh
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles R. Newton
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, Kilifi, Kenya,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Idro
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Centre for Tropical Neuroscience, Kampala, Uganda; Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Bailey K, Im-Bolter N. Language in childhood epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 114:107621. [PMID: 33257294 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal brain activity associated with childhood epilepsy can have an impact on the developmental trajectory of cognitive processes, like language, in this population. However, there is variation in how researchers study language ability in children with epilepsy and the findings that are reported (no differences vs. a significant difference). The current systematic review and meta-analysis uses data from 13 available studies to consider the magnitude of language differences in children with epilepsy compared to their typically developing peers. Seizure classification, age of onset, component of language measured, and instrument used to measure language were all considered as potential moderators of differences in language skill. The results indicate a significant large effect size for language deficits in children with epilepsy compared to their peers. Seizure classification partially, but not fully, accounts for the variability in effect size. In addition, effect sizes differ relative to component of language measured; effect sizes were greatest in magnitude for semantic language and verbal fluency, and minimal for syntax, but only when including all studies of children with epilepsy, regardless of seizure classification. These findings differ when considering language component in children with generalized or focal seizures only. The data reported here also indicate distinct differences in effect size depending on type of instrument used to measure one aspect of language, verbal fluency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Bailey
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada.
| | - Nancie Im-Bolter
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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Syvertsen M, Vasantharajan S, Moth T, Enger U, Koht J. Predictors of high school dropout, anxiety, and depression in genetic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsia Open 2020; 5:611-615. [PMID: 33336132 PMCID: PMC7733661 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders are overrepresented in epilepsy, and people with epilepsy may be at risk of dropping out from school. The aim of the present study was to assess factors influencing high school dropout, anxiety, and depression in genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). One hundred and ten people with GGE aged 19-40 years underwent a clinical interview, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Potential predictors of high school dropout were analyzed with logistic regression, and factors influencing total HADS score were analyzed with linear regression. Having felt excluded because of epilepsy was significantly associated with high school dropout (odds ratio 7.80, P = .009), as was total HADS score (odds ratio 1.22, P = .005). If a participant was currently employed or undergoing education, previous high school dropout was less likely (odds ratio 0.07, P = .005). High school dropout was associated with increased current anxiety and depression (β = 0.32, P = .005). Epilepsy severity (current drug resistance, current polytherapy, and active generalized tonic-clonic seizures) was not associated with high school dropout, nor with total HADS score. The issue of stigma in epilepsy must be thoroughly addressed in comprehensive care and may be as important as seizure control when it comes to education and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Syvertsen
- Department of NeurologyDrammen HospitalVestre Viken Hospital TrustDrammenNorway
| | | | - Thea Moth
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ulla Enger
- Department of NeurologyDrammen HospitalVestre Viken Hospital TrustDrammenNorway
| | - Jeanette Koht
- Department of NeurologyDrammen HospitalVestre Viken Hospital TrustDrammenNorway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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Kirabira J, Lam A, Ssuna B, Rukundo GZ. Psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents with active epilepsy in southwestern Uganda. PAMJ ONE HEALTH 2020; 3:9. [PMID: 34604861 PMCID: PMC8486297 DOI: 10.11604/pamj-oh.2020.3.9.25146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the study aimed to determine the prevalence of emotional, behavioral, developmental and psychosis related disorders among children and adolescents with active epilepsy aged 5 to 18 years in southwestern Uganda. METHODS we conducted a cross sectional study at one big urban hospital, two rural health centers and one rural special needs school. The disorders were assessed using an adapted parent version of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-5 (CASI-5). RESULTS one hundred and sixty-one participants were assessed, and 93 (57.8%) had at least one psychiatric disorder. Developmental disorders were the most prevalent at 39.8% (95%CI 32.11 - 47.39), followed by emotional disorders, 30.4% (95%CI 23.25-37.62), behavioral disorders, 7.5% (95%CI 3.35-11.55) and psychosis related disorders, 6.2% (95%CI 2.44 - 9.98). Thirty-nine participants (24.2%) had at least two psychiatric disorders. Developmental disorders were associated with younger age (aOR=0.86, p=0.001) and having epilepsy-related physical injuries and deformities (aOR=2.36, p=0.036). Emotional disorders (aOR=1.13, p=0.007) and psychosis related disorders (aOR=1.44, p=0.007) were associated with increasing age, whereas a family history of epilepsy was protective (aOR=0.22, p=0.042). CONCLUSION psychiatric disorders were highly prevalent among children and adolescents with epilepsy in southwestern Uganda; highlighting the need to integrate screening and management of these disorders into routine epilepsy care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kirabira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, PO Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Mental Health, Gulu University, PO Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Kampala International University, Western Campus, PO Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Alice Lam
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bashir Ssuna
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, PO Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Zari Rukundo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere College of Health Sciences (MakCHS), Kampala, Uganda
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Mohamed IN, Osman AH, Mohamed S, Hamid EK, Hamed AA, Alsir A, Gerais YA, Bakhiet AM, Elsadig SM, Elseed MA. Intelligence quotient (IQ) among children with epilepsy: National epidemiological study - Sudan. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 103:106813. [PMID: 31937511 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies of selected groups of children with epilepsy have demonstrated an association between epilepsy and cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to assess the intellectual skills of children with epilepsy and to investigate the influence of gender, age at seizure onset, type of epilepsy, antiepileptic drug used, and control of epilepsy on their intellectual function. METHODS This is a descriptive prospective study in which one hundred and eighty-seven patients at school age (6-14 years) were recruited. Epilepsy was classified using the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Commission on Classification and Terminology 2005-2009 report. An intelligence quotient (IQ) test was conducted to all patients using Stanford-Binet Fifth Edition (SB5)/Arabic version. RESULTS Eighty-eight (47.1%) patients had an average score on Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), 44 (23.5%) had low average, whereas 18 (9.6%) had borderline impaired or delayed score. In the nonverbal IQ (NVIQ) score, the majority 84 (44.9%) had average score. The performance of the patients in the nonverbal score is better than in the verbal score, which was found to be statistically significant (P-value = 0.01). The FSIQ score was negatively affected by younger age at onset of epilepsy, polytherapy, and uncontrolled seizures. CONCLUSIONS Most of children with epilepsy had an average FSIQ; uncontrolled seizure had worse effect on overall FSIQ and memory. Interventions to support children with epilepsy should focus on epilepsy management and school psychosocial domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaam N Mohamed
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Neurology Unit, Gafer Ibn Auf Specialized hospital for Children, Sudan.
| | - Abdelgadir H Osman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Somia Mohamed
- Neurology Unit, Gafer Ibn Auf Specialized hospital for Children, Sudan
| | - Emtinan K Hamid
- Department of Community Medicine- Biostatistics Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahlam A Hamed
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Neurology Unit, Soba University Hospital, Sudan
| | - Ali Alsir
- Neurology Unit, Soba University Hospital, Sudan
| | - Yasmin A Gerais
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Aisha M Bakhiet
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sarah M Elsadig
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Maha A Elseed
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Neurology Unit, Gafer Ibn Auf Specialized hospital for Children, Sudan
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A brain connectivity characterization of children with different levels of mathematical achievement based on graph metrics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227613. [PMID: 31951604 PMCID: PMC6968862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies aiming to facilitate mathematical skill development in primary school children have explored the electrophysiological characteristics associated with different levels of arithmetic achievement. The present work introduces an alternative EEG signal characterization using graph metrics and, based on such features, a classification analysis using a decision tree model. This proposal aims to identify group differences in brain connectivity networks with respect to mathematical skills in elementary school children. The methods of analysis utilized were signal-processing (EEG artifact removal, Laplacian filtering, and magnitude square coherence measurement) and the characterization (Graph metrics) and classification (Decision Tree) of EEG signals recorded during performance of a numerical comparison task. Our results suggest that the analysis of quantitative EEG frequency-band parameters can be used successfully to discriminate several levels of arithmetic achievement. Specifically, the most significant results showed an accuracy of 80.00% (α band), 78.33% (δ band), and 76.67% (θ band) in differentiating high-skilled participants from low-skilled ones, averaged-skilled subjects from all others, and averaged-skilled participants from low-skilled ones, respectively. The use of a decision tree tool during the classification stage allows the identification of several brain areas that seem to be more specialized in numerical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janet Currier
- King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London; Evelina London Children's Hospital
| | - Deb K Pal
- King's College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London; Evelina London Children's Hospital
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25
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Bakaki PM, Horace A, Dawson N, Winterstein A, Waldron J, Staley J, Pestana Knight EM, Meropol SB, Liu R, Johnson H, Golchin N, Feinstein JA, Bolen SD, Kleinman LC. Defining pediatric polypharmacy: A scoping review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208047. [PMID: 30496322 PMCID: PMC6264483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lack of consensus regarding the semantics and definitions of pediatric polypharmacy challenges researchers and clinicians alike. We conducted a scoping review to describe definitions and terminology of pediatric polypharmacy. METHODS Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, and the Web of Science Core Collection databases were searched for English language articles with the concepts of "polypharmacy" and "children". Data were extracted about study characteristics, polypharmacy terms and definitions from qualifying studies, and were synthesized by disease conditions. RESULTS Out of 4,398 titles, we included 363 studies: 324 (89%) provided numeric definitions, 131 (36%) specified duration of polypharmacy, and 162 (45%) explicitly defined it. Over 81% (n = 295) of the studies defined polypharmacy as two or more medications or therapeutic classes. The most common comprehensive definitions of pediatric polypharmacy included: two or more concurrent medications for ≥1 day (n = 41), two or more concurrent medications for ≥31 days (n = 15), and two or more sequential medications over one year (n = 12). Commonly used terms included polypharmacy, polytherapy, combination pharmacotherapy, average number, and concomitant medications. The term polypharmacy was more common in psychiatry literature while epilepsy literature favored the term polytherapy. CONCLUSIONS Two or more concurrent medications, without duration, for ≥1 day, ≥31 days, or sequentially for one year were the most common definitions of pediatric polypharmacy. We recommend that pediatric polypharmacy studies specify the number of medications or therapeutic classes, if they are concurrent or sequential, and the duration of medications. We propose defining pediatric polypharmacy as "the prescription or consumption of two or more distinct medications for at least one day". The term "polypharmacy" should be included among key words and definitions in manuscripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Bakaki
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alexis Horace
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe College of Pharmacy, Monroe, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Neal Dawson
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Health Care Research and Policy, MetroHealth, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Almut Winterstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Waldron
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Epilepsy, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Staley
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Elia M. Pestana Knight
- Epilepsy Center/ Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sharon B. Meropol
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- UH Rainbow Center for Child Health and Policy, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rujia Liu
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hannah Johnson
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Negar Golchin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James A. Feinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Shari D. Bolen
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Health Care Research and Policy, MetroHealth, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lawrence C. Kleinman
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- UH Rainbow Center for Child Health and Policy, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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Exploring the needs and challenges of parents and their children in childhood epilepsy care: A qualitative study. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 88:268-276. [PMID: 30321756 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Because of the nature of epilepsy, and the unpredictability of seizure recurrence, epilepsy requires long-term treatment with medications. As a consequence, epilepsy has a negative pervasive impact in children with epilepsy (CWE), and their parents. Hence, our aim was to explore the needs and challenges of parents and their CWE. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with 15 families (12 mothers and 3 fathers) and 15 CWE (aged 8-18 years). Data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed using the descriptive phenomenology approach. The experiences of parents and their CWE could be divided into two time frames: "experiences during a child's first seizure" and "experiences whilst growing up with epilepsy". Parents' main concerns and worries were regarding their child's physical health, psychological and emotional wellbeing, academic achievement, and future. The children's main concerns were restrictions imposed, their interpersonal relationship with peers, and being independent in the future. Parents reported that they needed epilepsy-related information, continuity of care, and a parental support group, while CWE reported that their main needs were independence and autonomy. The views of parents and their child with epilepsy were similar in physical functioning and academic achievement. However, parents and children had different views on how epilepsy impacted on the child emotionally, as well as behavioral and interpersonal relationship with peers.
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Hielscher E, DeVylder JE, Saha S, Connell M, Scott JG. Why are psychotic experiences associated with self-injurious thoughts and behaviours? A systematic review and critical appraisal of potential confounding and mediating factors. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1410-1426. [PMID: 28929996 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic experiences (PEs), including hallucination- and delusion-like experiences, are robustly associated with self-injurious thoughts and behaviours (SITB) in the general population. However, it remains unclear as to why there is an association. The purpose of this systematic review was to elucidate the role of other factors that influence the association between PEs and SITB and, in doing so, highlight potential mechanisms underlying the relationship. A search of electronic international databases was undertaken, including PubMed, PsycINFO and EMBASE, and eligible studies were grouped according to seven confounder categories: sociodemographics, mental disorders, alcohol and substance use, environmental, psychological, intervention and family history/genetic factors. The systematic search strategy identified 41 publications reporting on 1 39 427 participants from 16 different countries. In the majority of studies, where adjustment for other variables occurred, the association between PEs and SITB persisted, suggesting PEs have an independent role. Common mental disorders, psychological distress and negative environmental exposures explained a substantial amount of the variance and therefore need to be considered as potential underlying mechanisms. There was high variability in the variables adjusted for in these studies, and so the question still remains as to whether the association between PEs and self-harm/suicidality can be attributed (fully or in part) to confounding and mediating factors or directly causal mechanisms. Regardless of causality, the now extensive literature reporting an association between these two clinical phenomena supports the broad usefulness of PEs as an indicator of risk for SITB.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hielscher
- Centre for Clinical Research,Faculty of Medicine,The University of Queensland,Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - J E DeVylder
- Graduate School of Social Service,Fordham University,New York, NY,USA
| | - S Saha
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (QCMHR),The Park Centre for Mental Health,Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - M Connell
- Centre for Clinical Research,Faculty of Medicine,The University of Queensland,Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - J G Scott
- Centre for Clinical Research,Faculty of Medicine,The University of Queensland,Brisbane, QLD,Australia
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29
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Trinka E, Kwan P, Lee B, Dash A. Epilepsy in Asia: Disease burden, management barriers, and challenges. Epilepsia 2018; 60 Suppl 1:7-21. [PMID: 29953579 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the burden of epilepsy in Asia, the challenges faced by people with epilepsy, and the management of epilepsy. Comparison is made with other parts of the world. For this narrative review, data were collected using specified search criteria. Articles investigating the epidemiology of epilepsy, diagnosis, comorbidities and associated mortality, stigmatization, and treatment were included. Epilepsy is a global health care issue affecting up to 70 million people worldwide. Nearly 80% of people with epilepsy live in low- and middle-income countries with limited resources. People with epilepsy are prone to physical and psychological comorbidities, including anxiety and depression, which can negatively impact their quality of life. Furthermore, people with epilepsy are at higher risk of premature death than people without epilepsy. Discrimination or stigmatization of people with epilepsy is common in Asia and can affect their education, work, and marriage opportunities. Access to epilepsy treatment varies throughout Asia. Although highly advanced treatment is available in some countries, up to 90% of people with epilepsy are not adequately treated or are not treated with conventional antiepileptic therapy in resource-limited countries. People in remote areas often do not receive any epilepsy care. First-generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are available, but usually only in urban areas, and second-generation AEDs are not available in all countries. Newer AEDs tend to have more favorable safety profiles than first-generation AEDs and provide options to tailor therapy for individual patients, especially those with comorbidities. Active epilepsy surgery centers are present in some countries, although epilepsy surgery is often underutilized given the number of patients who could benefit. Further epidemiologic research is needed to provide accurate epilepsy data across the Asian region. Coordinated action is warranted to improve access to treatment and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, University Hospital Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making, and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics, and Technology, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - ByungIn Lee
- Department of Neurology, Inje University School of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea
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30
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Pujar SS, Martinos MM, Cortina-Borja M, Chong WKK, De Haan M, Gillberg C, Neville BG, Scott RC, Chin RF. Long-term prognosis after childhood convulsive status epilepticus: a prospective cohort study. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2018; 2:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(17)30174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Black CL, Shih SW, Sepeta LN, Facella-Ervolini JM, Isquith PK, Berl MM. Everyday executive function in focal onset pediatric epilepsy on the parent-report BRIEF2. Child Neuropsychol 2018; 25:22-43. [PMID: 29375005 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2018.1424326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Executive function (EF) difficulties are a core neuropsychological feature of pediatric epilepsy, and parent-report measures of EF concerns are an important complement to task-based EF measures. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) has shown sensitivity to parent-reported EF concerns in epilepsy and other pediatric populations. We compared profiles of parent-reported EF concerns using the BRIEF and its revision, the BRIEF2, in 117 pediatric patients with focal onset epilepsy to examine the clinical utility of the revised scale. We then compared BRIEF2 profiles between patients and age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Among patients, profiles on the BRIEF did not globally differ from the BRIEF2, and agreement was very good across scales. Patients and controls differed significantly on the BRIEF2, with patients showing higher EF difficulties reported by parents across most scales. High rates of clinical elevation among patients emerged on the Task Monitor, Plan/Organize, Working Memory, and Shift scales. Younger age of epilepsy onset, chronic epilepsy, and right hemisphere seizure focus were associated with higher parent-reported EF concerns. Findings suggest that the BRIEF2 demonstrates similar performance to the BRIEF among pediatric patients with focal onset epilepsy who are most at risk in the areas of task monitoring, working memory, planning and organization, and flexibility. These findings are informative when comparing literature across versions and provide additional insight into the nature of parent-reported EF difficulties among children with focal onset epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Black
- a Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology , Children's National Medical Center , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Sharon W Shih
- a Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology , Children's National Medical Center , Washington , DC , USA.,b Department of Psychology , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Leigh N Sepeta
- a Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology , Children's National Medical Center , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Joy M Facella-Ervolini
- a Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology , Children's National Medical Center , Washington , DC , USA.,c Institute of Health Professions , Massachusetts General Hospital , Charlestown , MA , USA
| | - Peter K Isquith
- d Department of Psychiatry , Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Madison M Berl
- a Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology , Children's National Medical Center , Washington , DC , USA
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Yang H, Deng Z, Yang W, Liu K, Yao H, Tong X, Wu J, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Wang S. Predictive Factors of Postoperative Seizure for Pediatric Patients with Unruptured Arteriovenous Malformations. World Neurosurg 2017; 105:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Academic Outcomes in Individuals With Childhood-Onset Epilepsy: Mediating Effects of Working Memory. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2017; 23:594-604. [PMID: 28343465 DOI: 10.1017/s135561771700008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Academic difficulties are common in children with epilepsy, although little is known about the effect of various seizure-related and cognitive variables. Given that persistent seizures may negatively impact academics, and that working memory is predictive of academic abilities, we examined the effects of recent seizures and working memory on word reading, spelling, and arithmetic in pediatric epilepsy. We hypothesized that persistent seizures would be associated with lower working memory ability, which would in turn result in poorer academic performance. METHODS Our sample consisted of 91 children with epilepsy being treated at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, who underwent neuropsychological testing between 2002 and 2009 to help determine surgical candidacy. Four to 11 years later, follow-up testing was conducted on both surgical (n=61) and non-surgical (n=30) patients. Seizure status was defined by the presence or absence of seizures within the preceding 12 months. RESULTS 5000 bias-corrected bootstrap resamples with replacement were used to calculate the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the indirect effect of seizure status on academics through working memory, controlling for baseline academic functioning. Persistent seizures were associated with reduced working memory, which was in turn associated with lower reading (B=-4.64, 95% CI [-10.21, -1.30]), spelling (B=-7.09, 95% CI [-13.97, -2.56], and arithmetic scores (B=-8.04, 95% CI [-13.66, -3.58] at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS For children with intractable epilepsy, working memory deficits present a significant barrier to the development of academic skills. Working memory interventions may be a helpful adjunct to academic remediation in this population to facilitate academic progress. (JINS, 2017, 23, 594-604).
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Wo SW, Ong LC, Low WY, Lai PSM. The impact of epilepsy on academic achievement in children with normal intelligence and without major comorbidities: A systematic review. Epilepsy Res 2017; 136:35-45. [PMID: 28753498 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically examine published literature which assessed the prevalence of academic difficulties in children with epilepsy (CWE) of normal intelligence, and its associating factors. METHODS A search was conducted on five databases for articles published in English from 1980 till March 2015. Included were studies who recruited children (aged 5-18 years), with a diagnosis or newly/recurrent epilepsy, an intelligent quotient (IQ) of ≥70 or attending regular school, with or without a control group, which measured academic achievement using a standardised objective measure, and published in English. Excluded were children with learning difficulties, intellectual disabilities (IQ<70) and other comorbidities such as attention deficits hyperactive disorder or autism. Two pairs of reviewers extracted the data, and met to resolve any differences from the data extraction process. RESULTS Twenty studies were included. The majority of the studies assessed "low achievement" whist only two studies used the IQ-achievement discrepancy definition of "underachievement". Fourteen studies (70%) reported that CWE had significantly lower academic achievement scores compared to healthy controls, children with asthma or reported norms. The remaining six studies (30%) did not report any differences. CWE had stable academic achievement scores over time (2-4 years), even among those whose seizure frequency improved. Higher parental education and children with higher IQ, and had better attention or had a positive attitude towards epilepsy, were associated with higher academic achievement score. Older children were found to have lower academic achievement score. CONCLUSIONS In CWE of normal intelligence, the majority of published literature found that academic achievement was lower than controls or reported norms. The high percentages of low achievement in CWE, especially in the older age group, and the stability of scores even as seizure frequency improved, highlights the need for early screening of learning problems, and continued surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Wo
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, University of Malaya Primary Care Research Group (UMPCRG), University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - L C Ong
- Peadiatric Neurologist, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia
| | - W Y Low
- Faculty of Medicine Dean's Office, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - P S M Lai
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, University of Malaya Primary Care Research Group (UMPCRG), University of Malaya, Malaysia.
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Yang W, Westbroek EM, Anderson-Keightly H, Caplan JM, Rong X, Hung AL, Braileanu M, Wang JY, Colby GP, Coon AL, Tamargo RJ, Ahn ES, Huang J. Male Gender Associated with Post-Treatment Seizure Risk of Pediatric Arteriovenous Malformation Patients. Neurosurgery 2017; 80:899-907. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Conway L, Widjaja E, Smith ML, Speechley KN, Ferro MA. Validating the shortened Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE-55) in a sample of children with drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsia 2017; 58:646-656. [PMID: 28199002 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to validate the newly developed shortened Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE-55) in a sample of children with drug-resistant epilepsy. METHODS Data came from 136 children enrolled in the Impact of Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery on Health-Related Quality of Life Study (PEPSQOL), a multicenter prospective cohort study. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the higher-order factor structure of the QOLCE-55. Convergent and divergent validity was assessed by correlating subscales of the KIDSCREEN-27 with the QOLCE-55. Measurement equivalence of the QOLCE-55 was evaluated using multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis of children with drug-resistant epilepsy from PEPSQOL versus children with new-onset epilepsy from HERQULES (Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Epilepsy Study). RESULTS The higher-order factor structure of the QOLCE-55 demonstrated adequate fit: Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.948; Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.946; Root Mean Square of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.060 (90% confidence interval [CI] 0.054-0.065); Weighted Root Mean Square Residuals (WRMR) = 1.247. Higher-order factor loadings were strong, ranging from λ = 0.74 to 0.81. Internal consistency reliability was excellent (α = 0.97, subscales α > 0.82). QOLCE-55 subscales demonstrated moderate to strong correlations with similar subscales of the KIDSCREEN-27 (ρ = 0.43-0.75) and weak to moderate correlations with dissimilar subscales (ρ = 0.25-0.42). The QOLCE-55 demonstrated partial measurement equivalence at the level of strict invariance - χ2 (2,823) = 3,727.9, CFI = 0.961, TLI = 0.962, RMSEA = 0.049 (0.044, 0.053), WRMR = 1.834. SIGNIFICANCE The findings provide support for the factor structure of the QOLCE-55 and contribute to its robust psychometric profile as a reliable and valid measure. Researchers and health practitioners should consider the QOLCE-55 as a viable option for reducing respondent burden when assessing health-related quality of life in children with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn Conway
- Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elysa Widjaja
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Lou Smith
- Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy N Speechley
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Ferro
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Prasad AN, Corbett B. Epilepsy and its Impact on psychosocial outcomes in Canadian children: Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth (NLSCY). Epilepsy Res 2016; 128:119-125. [PMID: 27835781 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to use data from a population-based survey to evaluate the association between childhood epilepsy and social outcomes through tests of mathematics skills, and sense of general self-esteem (GSS). METHODS Using data from Cycles 1 to 8 of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to compare baseline math scores and changes in math scores and sense of general self esteem (GSS) over time in children with and without epilepsy. Scores of Health Utility Index (HUI) were factored into the analysis. RESULTS Children with epilepsy do not significantly differ in their scaled math scores in comparison to their peers without epilepsy, at age 12; however, in the two level HLM model the children with epilepsy lagged behind the healthy comparison group in terms of their growth in acquiring knowledge in mathematics. Additionally, when children with epilepsy carry an added health impairment as measured by an imperfect health utility (HUI) score the group shows a slower rate of growth in their math scores over time. Self-esteem measures show variable effects in children with epilepsy alone, and those with added health impairments. The interaction with HUI scores shows a significant negative effect on self-esteem, when epilepsy is associated with added health impairment. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the population of Canadian children surveyed with epilepsy are vulnerable to poorer academic outcomes in mathematics in later years, and this problem is compounded further with the presence of other additional health impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Prasad
- Western University, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Canada; London Health Sciences Centre, Canada.
| | - B Corbett
- Western University, Canada; Ivey School of Business, Western University, Canada; Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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38
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Lagunju IOA, Adeniyi YC, Olukolade G. Cognitive function in Nigerian children with newly diagnosed epilepsy: a preliminary report. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 24:113. [PMID: 27703598 PMCID: PMC5031373 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.24.113.8995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epilepsy has long been associated with cognitive dysfunction and educational underachievement. The purpose of the study was to describe the baseline findings from a larger prospective study. Methods New cases of epilepsy aged 6-16 years seen at a paediatric neurology clinic in Ibadan, Nigeria were evaluated for any evidence of cognitive impairment. Intelligence quotient (IQ) of the participants was measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV). Scores on cognitive subtests and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) were computed and association between the subsets scores and seizure variables were calculated. Results 40 children, 24 males and 16 females were studied and their ages ranged from 6 to 16 years with a mean of 10.8 (SD=3.0) years. Global intellectual functioning as measured by the WISC-IV was in the normal range (FSIQ scores <85) for 52.5% (n = 21) of the participants and the remaining participants (47.5%) scored between the borderline and severe category for intellectual disability. The strongest correlation was between ‘caregiver's assessment of school performance’ and FSIQ, (r = 0.70; p< 0.001). Age at onset of epilepsy and seizure type had no significant association with scores on the WISC-IV composite scores. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of significant cognitive dysfunction in Nigerian children with epilepsy, even in the absence of any known brain insult. All children with epilepsy should have routine IQ assessment following diagnosis, in order to allow for early intervention when indicated, and thus, improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike Oluwa Abiola Lagunju
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria & Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yetunde Celia Adeniyi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gbemi Olukolade
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Puka K, Smith ML. Academic skills in the long term after epilepsy surgery in childhood. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 62:97-103. [PMID: 27450313 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the progression of academic skills in a cohort of patients who underwent, or were considered for, epilepsy surgery in childhood, four to eleven years before. The few existing studies that have evaluated cognitive function in the long term after surgery have examined intelligence and memory. METHOD Participants were 97 patients with childhood-onset intractable epilepsy; 61 had undergone resective epilepsy surgery. Participants completed standardized tests of reading, spelling, arithmetic, and intelligence at baseline and, on average, 7years after. Surgical patients were additionally assessed one year postsurgery. RESULTS At baseline and long-term follow-up, 61% and 69% of patients, respectively, scored at least one standard deviation below normative data in at least one academic domain. Evaluation of change over time while controlling for IQ showed that arithmetic scores were lower at long-term follow-up in comparison with those at baseline among all patient groups, whereas reading and spelling scores remained unchanged. Few advantages were associated with seizure control. Multiple regression analyses found that older age at surgery, cessation of antiepileptic medications, improved IQ, and low baseline scores were independently associated with improvement in some academic domains among all patient groups. CONCLUSION We found that arithmetic scores were lower at long-term follow-up, suggesting a lack of ongoing development or deterioration in skills. Reading and spelling scores remained stable suggesting that patients made gains in abilities at a rate expected for their increase in age; this finding contrasts with recent short-term outcome studies identifying significantly lower scores over time in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klajdi Puka
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary Lou Smith
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
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Nickels KC, Zaccariello MJ, Hamiwka LD, Wirrell EC. Cognitive and neurodevelopmental comorbidities in paediatric epilepsy. Nat Rev Neurol 2016; 12:465-76. [PMID: 27448186 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive and behavioural comorbidities are often seen in children with epilepsy, and are more common and severe in refractory epilepsy. These comorbidities are associated with worse quality of life, increased behavioural and language problems and worse social skills, all of which adversely affect long-term psychosocial functioning. To enable early intervention and therapy, children and teens with epilepsy should be periodically screened for cognitive comorbidities. The location of the epileptic focus can, to a certain degree, predict the type(s) of comorbidity; however, the spectrum of disability is often broad, presumably because focal perturbations can cause network dysfunction. Comorbidities often result from underlying structural or functional pathology that has led to seizures. In selected cases, therapy targeting the underlying cause, such as the ketogenic diet for GLUT1 deficiency syndromes, may be remarkably effective in ameliorating both seizures and cognitive concerns. In many cases, however, cognitive impairment persists despite seizure control. In epileptic encephalopathies, frequent seizures and/or interictal epileptiform abnormalities exacerbate neurocognitive dysfunction, owing to synaptic reorganization or impaired neurogenesis, or to other effects on developing neural circuits, and prompt initiation of effective antiepileptic therapy is essential to limit cognitive comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Nickels
- Child and Adolescent Neurology and Epilepsy, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Michael J Zaccariello
- Child and Adolescent Neurology and Epilepsy, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Lorie D Hamiwka
- Seattle Children's Hospital, MB.7.420 - Neurology, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Elaine C Wirrell
- Child and Adolescent Neurology and Epilepsy, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Parental experiences before and long-term after their children's hemispherotomy - A population-based qualitative study. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 60:11-16. [PMID: 27176878 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Severe childhood epilepsy has an impact on the whole family. For selected children, hemispherotomy is the treatment of choice. The aim of this study was to explore parents' experiences before and after hemispherotomy as reported at a long-term follow-up and their view on received information and support. This was a population-based qualitative descriptive study, using qualitative content analysis of interviews. Seven to eighteen years after hemispherotomy, parents of twenty-one operated children were interviewed about the family life situation, expectations before surgery, and support and information before and after surgery. Before surgery, the theme 'Living in a chaotic bubble' illuminates how parents felt: the family lived in isolation, they felt both dissatisfaction and satisfaction about support and information, and they experienced that surgery was a question about life or death. After surgery, the theme 'Hovering between success and disaster' illuminates how parents hovered between happiness if the surgery was successful and sadness about e.g., complications and behavior problems. They experienced both excellent and poor support, in hospital and at rehabilitation. Regardless of all concerns, parents were satisfied that the child had received an operation. The hemispherotomies were successful and generated a better life situation. However, in order to cope, families need support and information throughout the whole process, from the onset of epilepsy and for a long time after surgery. If the child has behavior problems, an assessment should be made before surgery in order for the families to get adequate support. The specialist team needs to be involved as early as possible and follow the families for several years after surgery. Focus should be on the whole family, if needed including grandparents; family-centered care might be relevant for this patient group.
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Conway L, Smith ML, Ferro MA, Speechley KN, Connoly MB, Snead OC, Widjaja E. Correlates of health-related quality of life in children with drug resistant epilepsy. Epilepsia 2016; 57:1256-64. [PMID: 27350597 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is compromised in children with epilepsy. The current study aimed to identify correlates of HRQL in children with drug resistant epilepsy. METHODS Data came from 115 children enrolled in the Impact of Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery on Health-Related Quality of Life Study (PEPSQOL), a multicenter prospective cohort study. Individual, clinical, and family factors were evaluated. HRQL was measured using the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE), a parent-rated epilepsy-specific instrument, with composite scores ranging from 0 to 100. A series of univariable linear regression analyses were conducted to identify significant associations with HRQL, followed by a multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS Children had a mean age of 11.85 ± 3.81 years and 65 (56.5%) were male. The mean composite QOLCE score was 60.18 ± 16.69. Child age, sex, age at seizure onset, duration of epilepsy, caregiver age, caregiver education, and income were not significantly associated with HRQL. Univariable regression analyses revealed that a higher number of anti-seizure medications (p = 0.020), lower IQ (p = 0.002), greater seizure frequency (p = 0.048), caregiver unemployment (p = 0.010), higher caregiver depressive and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.001 for both), poorer family adaptation, fewer family resources, and a greater number of family demands (p < 0.001 for all) were associated with lower HRQL. Multivariable regression analysis showed that lower child IQ (β = 0.20, p = 0.004), fewer family resources (β = 0.43, p = 0.012), and caregiver unemployment (β = 6.53, p = 0.018) were associated with diminished HRQL in children. SIGNIFICANCE The results emphasize the importance of child cognition and family variables in the HRQL of children with drug-resistant epilepsy. The findings speak to the importance of offering comprehensive care to children and their families to address the nonmedical features that impact on HRQL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn Conway
- Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Lou Smith
- Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Ferro
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy N Speechley
- Departments of Paediatrics, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary B Connoly
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - O Carter Snead
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elysa Widjaja
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Pauschek J, Bernhard MK, Syrbe S, Nickel P, Neininger MP, Merkenschlager A, Kiess W, Bertsche T, Bertsche A. Epilepsy in children and adolescents: Disease concepts, practical knowledge, and coping. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 59:77-82. [PMID: 27116534 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Children suffering from epilepsy face severe difficulties in daily life. However, data about the self-assessment of children are scarce. METHODS From October 2013 to February 2014, patients aged 6-18years suffering from epilepsy were consecutively invited (i) to take part in a structured interview and (ii) to draw a picture about their self-assessment of epilepsy. RESULTS Eighty-four children and their parents agreed to participate: (i) 63/84 (75%) of the children named their disease correctly; contagiousness was assumed by 8/84 (10%); 81/84 (96%) knew whether they have to take medication; 36/69 (52%) of the children taking long-term medication reported the name(s) of their medication; 8/69 (12%) believed that their medication will cure their disease; 45/84 (54%) named specific precautions to prevent harm from seizures; 6/84 (7%) believed that nonadherence to safety precautions would cause new seizures; and 23/84 (27%) believed that they are worse off than healthy children. (ii) 67/84 (80%) drew a picture titled "This is how I feel when I have a seizure". Specific symptoms [17/67 (25%)] and the interaction between child and environment [12/67 (18%)] were the most common subjects. CONCLUSION Most children with epilepsy had rather good knowledge about medication; half of the children knew specific safety precautions. The children were often able to describe their seizures well. Pictures drawn by patients can give an insight into their experiences. Teaching programs should, among others, address the fear of contagiousness of epilepsy in some children and the fact that children with epilepsy might feel disadvantaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Pauschek
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Paediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias K Bernhard
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Paediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Syrbe
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Paediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of General Paediatrics, Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Nickel
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Paediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina P Neininger
- Drug Safety Center and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Str. 15a, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Merkenschlager
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Paediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Paediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thilo Bertsche
- Drug Safety Center and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Str. 15a, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Astrid Bertsche
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Paediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Massey AT, Lerner DK, Holmes GL, Scott RC, Hernan AE. ACTH Prevents Deficits in Fear Extinction Associated with Early Life Seizures. Front Neurol 2016; 7:65. [PMID: 27199888 PMCID: PMC4852169 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Early life seizures (ELS) are often associated with cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities that are detrimental to quality of life. In a rat model of ELS, we explored long-term cognitive outcomes in adult rats. Using ACTH, an endogeneous HPA-axis hormone given to children with severe epilepsy, we sought to prevent cognitive deficits. Through comparisons with dexamethasone, we sought to dissociate the corticosteroid effects of ACTH from other potential mechanisms of action. Results Although rats with a history of ELS were able to acquire a conditioned fear learning paradigm and controls, these rats had significant deficits in their ability to extinguish fearful memories. ACTH treatment did not alter any seizure parameters but nevertheless was able to significantly improve this fear extinction, while dexamethasone treatment during the same period did not. This ACTH effect was specific for fear extinction deficits and not for spatial learning deficits in a water maze. Additionally, ACTH did not alter seizure latency or duration suggesting that cognitive and seizure outcomes may be dissociable. Expression levels of melanocortin receptors, which bind ACTH, were found to be significantly lower in animals that had experienced ELS than in control animals, potentially implicating central melanocortin receptor dysregulation in the effects of ELS, and suggesting a mechanism of action for ACTH. Interpretation Taken together, these data suggest that early treatment with ACTH can have significant long-term consequences for cognition in animals with a history of ELS independently of seizure cessation and may act in part through a CNS melanocortin receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Massey
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - David K Lerner
- College of Arts and Sciences, Dartmouth College , Hanover, NH , USA
| | - Gregory L Holmes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, VT , USA
| | - Rod C Scott
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA; Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda E Hernan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine , Burlington, VT , USA
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Abstract
Investigators from Lingfield, Surrey, UK; University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK, and other centers, conducted psychological assessment including measures of IQ, working memory and processing speed in 85 (74%) of 115 school aged children with active epilepsy (a seizure in the past year and/or on AEDs) from a population-based sample, without exclusion for intellectual deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Zelko
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Williams AE, Giust JM, Kronenberger WG, Dunn DW. Epilepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: links, risks, and challenges. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:287-96. [PMID: 26929624 PMCID: PMC4755462 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s81549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a prevalence rate of 7%-9% in the general population of children. However, in children with epilepsy, ADHD has been found to be present in 20%-50% of patients. This paper provides a review of ADHD prevalence in pediatric epilepsy populations and reviews data on specific symptom presentation and attention deficits in patients with epilepsy. This paper also reviews evidence-based treatments for ADHD and specifically the treatment of ADHD as a comorbid condition in children with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, Riley Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health Physicians, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julianne M Giust
- Department of Psychiatry, Riley Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health Physicians, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - William G Kronenberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Riley Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health Physicians, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David W Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry, Riley Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health Physicians, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Hodges SL, Gabriel MT, Perry MS. Neuropsychological findings associated with Panayiotopoulos syndrome in three children. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 54:158-62. [PMID: 26709104 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Panayiotopoulos syndrome is a common idiopathic benign epilepsy that has a peak age of onset in early childhood. The syndrome is multifocal and shows significant electroencephalogram (EEG) variability, with occipital predominance. Although a benign syndrome often refers to the absence of neurological and neuropsychological deficits, the syndrome has recently been associated with cognitive impairments. Also, despite frequent occipital EEG abnormalities, research regarding the visual functioning of patients is less reported and often contradictory. The purpose of this study was to gain additional knowledge regarding the neurocognitive functioning of patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome and specifically to address any visual processing deficits associated with the syndrome. Following diagnosis of the syndrome based on typical clinical and electrophysiological criteria, three patients, aged 5, 8, and 10years were referred by epileptologists for neuropsychological evaluation. Neuropsychological findings suggest that the patients had notable impairments on visual memory tasks, especially in comparison with verbal memory. Further, they demonstrated increased difficulty on picture memory suggesting difficulty retaining information from a crowded visual field. Two of the three patients showed weakness in visual processing speed, which may account for weaker retention of complex visual stimuli. Abilities involving attention were normal for all patients, suggesting that inattention is not responsible for these visual deficits. Academically, the patients were weak in numerical operations and spelling, which both rely partially on visual memory and may affect achievement in these areas. Overall, the results suggest that patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome may have visual processing and visual memory problems that could potentially affect their academic capabilities. Identifying such difficulties may be helpful in creating educational and remedial assistance programs for children with this syndrome, as well as developing appropriate presentation of information to these children in school.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marsha T Gabriel
- Jane and John Justin Neurosciences Center, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - M Scott Perry
- Jane and John Justin Neurosciences Center, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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48
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Asato MR, Doss JL, Plioplys S. Clinic-friendly screening for cognitive and mental health problems in school-aged youth with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 48:97-102. [PMID: 25900224 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive, psychiatric, psychosocial, and behavioral difficulties are common in youth with epilepsy. Collectively, these comorbidities can be referred to as mental health problems as they reflect brain and behavioral function. Detection and treatment of mental health problems remain an unmet need in epilepsy care that can impact epilepsy, psychosocial, scholastic, and quality-of-life outcomes. Given limited resources in everyday pediatric epilepsy practice, this targeted review provides a stratified plan and suggested tools for screening school-aged youth with epilepsy for the presence of mental health problems. Comanagement of epilepsy and associated comorbidities is a newer concept that may help address the complex, long-term needs of patients by using a multidisciplinary team approach and by engaging primary care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miya R Asato
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Julia L Doss
- Psychology, Minnesota Epilepsy Group, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Sigita Plioplys
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Puka K, Khattab M, Kerr EN, Smith ML. Academic achievement one year after resective epilepsy surgery in children. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 47:1-5. [PMID: 25988982 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have examined the academic functioning of children following pediatric epilepsy surgery. Although intellectual functioning has been more thoroughly investigated, children with epilepsy may experience additional difficulties with academic skills. This study examined the academic outcomes of a cohort of children who underwent pediatric epilepsy surgery on an average 1.2 (standard deviation [SD]: 0.3) years prior. METHODS Participants were 136 children (mean age: 14.3 years, [SD]: 3.7 years) who had undergone resective epilepsy surgery. Academic functioning was assessed presurgery and postsurgery using standardized tests of reading, reading comprehension, arithmetic, and spelling. RESULTS At baseline, 65% of the children displayed low achievement (1 SD below test mean), and 28% had underachievement (1 SD below baseline IQ) in at least one academic domain. Examining change over time revealed that reading, numeral operations, and spelling significantly declined among all patients; seizure freedom at follow-up (attained in 64% of the patients) did not influence this relationship. Reading comprehension and IQ remained unchanged. Similar findings were found when examining patients with a baseline IQ of ≥ 70 and when controlling for IQ. Regression analyses revealed that after controlling for IQ, demographic and seizure-related variables were not significantly associated with academic achievement at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Results show baseline academic difficulties and deteriorations following surgery that go beyond IQ. Further investigations are required to determine whether the observed deteriorations result from the development of the child, the course of the disorder, or the epilepsy surgery itself. Long-term studies are warranted to identify the progression of academic achievement and whether the observed deteriorations represent a temporal disruption in function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klajdi Puka
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Maryam Khattab
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth N Kerr
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mary Lou Smith
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
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