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Song P, Zhang W, Guo S, Wang G, Gao T, Li C, Liu L. Membranal Expression of Calreticulin Induced by Unfolded Protein Response in Melanocytes: A Mechanism Underlying Oxidative Stress-Induced Autoimmunity in Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1622-1632.e5. [PMID: 38246583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT), a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, is reported to translocate from the endoplasmic reticulum to the membrane in melanocytes under oxidative stress. To investigate the potential role of CRT in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, we analyzed the correlation between CRT and ROS in serum and lesions of vitiligo, detected CRT and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) expression in vitiligo lesions, and studied the production of CRT and mediators of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway and then tested the chemotactic migration of CD8+ T cells or CD11c+ CD86+ cells. Initially, we verified the overexpression of CRT in perilesional epidermis that was positively correlated with the disease severity of vitiligo. Furthermore, the PERK branch of UPR was confirmed to be responsible for the overexpression and membranal translocation of CRT in melanocytes under oxidative stress. We also found that oxidative stress-induced membranal translocation of CRT promoted the activation and migration of CD8+ T cells in vitiligo. In addition, dendritic cells from patients with vitiligo were also prone to maturation with the coincubation of melanocytes harboring membranal CRT. CRT could be induced on the membrane of melanocytes through UPR and might play a role in oxidative stress-triggered CD8+ T-cell response in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Mukhatayev Z, Le Poole IC. Vitiligo: advances in pathophysiology research and treatment development. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00097-2. [PMID: 38705825 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The autoimmune condition vitiligo, characterized by skin depigmentation, presents challenges for effective treatment design, with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and other repurposed drugs offering a promising strategy for symptom management. This review explores advantages and shortcomings of current therapies, while presenting the urgent need for further innovative approaches. We emphasize the growing understanding of autoimmune involvement in vitiligo, highlighting several novel treatment avenues including relieving melanocyte stress, preventing dendritic cell activation, halting T cell migration, and suppressing inflammation and autoimmunity. Integrating psychodrama therapy to remediate stress alongside medical interventions marks a holistic approach to enhance patient well-being. The molecular underpinnings of vitiligo care are covered, emphasizing exciting advances revolutionizing vitiligo treatment and improving the quality of life for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I Caroline Le Poole
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Boniface K. Aetiopathogenesis of Vitiligo. Dermatol Pract Concept 2023; 13:dpc.1304S2a314S. [PMID: 38241397 PMCID: PMC10824321 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1304s2a314s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic auto-immune disease characterized by skin depigmentation due to the loss of melanocytes. The better understanding of the disease mechanisms is currently undergoing a significant dynamism, opening a new era in therapeutic development. The pathophysiology of vitiligo has attracted the attention of researchers for years and many advances have been made in clarifying the crosstalk between the cellular players involved in the development of vitiligo lesions. The understanding of the complex interactions between epidermal cells (i.e. melanocytes and keratinocytes), dermal fibroblasts, and immune cells, led to a better characterization of the signals leading to the loss of melanocytes. Recent advances highlighted the role resident T memory cells in the development and recurrence of lesions. This narrative review aims to give an overview of the mechanisms leading to melanocyte disappearance in vitiligo, with a focus on the intercellular interaction network involved in the activation of the local skin immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Boniface
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Immuno ConcEpT, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
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Seneschal J, Boniface K. Vitiligo: Current Therapies and Future Treatments. Dermatol Pract Concept 2023; 13:dpc.1304S2a313S. [PMID: 38241396 PMCID: PMC10824325 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1304s2a313s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The current management of vitiligo remains challenging; however, different strategies can be proposed to patients with a good efficacy in many cases. First, it is important to identify patients in the active phase of the disease because treatment should start as soon as possible to halt its progression. For patients with a stable disease, the treatment strategy is now well-stratified and is based on a combination of phototherapy (natural or in a cabin) and topical immunomodulatory agents. Surgical treatments are useful for localized and stable vitiligo, as well as for segmental vitiligo. Depigmentation remains indicated in very extensive forms. The recent approval of topical ruxolitinib cream in both the US and Europe brings new approaches for the management of vitiligo and paves the way for the development of new topical or oral targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Seneschal
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Immuno ConcEpT, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
| | - Katia Boniface
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Immuno ConcEpT, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
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Xie B, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Xu W, Song X. Treatment update for vitiligo based on autoimmune inhibition and melanocyte protection. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:189-206. [PMID: 36947026 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2193329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment of vitiligo remains challenging due to the complexity of its pathogenesis, influenced by genetic factors, oxidative stress and abnormal cell adhesion that collectively impact melanocyte survival and trigger immune system attacks, resulting in melanocyte death. Melanocytes in vitiligo are believed to exhibit genetic susceptibility and defects in cellular mechanisms, such as defects in autophagy, that reduce their ability to resist oxidative stress, leading to increased expression of the pro-inflammatory protein HSP70. The low expression of adhesion molecules, such as DDR1 and E-cadherin, accelerates melanocyte damage and antigen exposure. Consequently, autoimmune attacks centered on IFN-γ-CXCR9/10-CXCR3-CD8+ T cells are initiated, causing vitiligo. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the latest knowledge on the pathogenesis of vitiligo and potential therapeutic targets from the perspective of suppressing autoimmune attacks and activating melanocytes functions. EXPERT OPINION Vitiligo is one of the most challenging dermatological diseases due to its complex pathogenesis with diverse therapeutic targets. Immune suppression, such as corticosteroids and emerging JAK inhibitors, has proven effective in disease progression. However, during the early stages of the disease, it is also important to optimize therapeutic strategies to activate melanocytes for alleviating oxidative stress and improving treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Binwen Rd 548, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Binwen Rd 548, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Yuhangtang Rd 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
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Chang WL, Ko CH. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Vitiligo: An Update on Its Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060936. [PMID: 36980277 PMCID: PMC10047323 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder caused by dysfunctional pigment-producing melanocytes which are attacked by immune cells. Oxidative stress is considered to play a crucial role in activating consequent autoimmune responses related to vitiligo. Melanin synthesis by melanocytes is the main intracellular stressor, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under normal physiological conditions, the antioxidative nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway functions as a crucial mediator for cells to resist oxidative stress. In pathological situations, such as with antioxidant defects or under inflammation, ROS accumulate and cause cell damage. Herein, we summarize events at the cellular level under excessive ROS in vitiligo and highlight exposure to melanocyte-specific antigens that trigger immune responses. Such responses lead to functional impairment and the death of melanocytes, which sequentially increase melanocyte cytotoxicity through both innate and adaptive immunity. This report provides new perspectives and advances our understanding of interrelationships between oxidative stress and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. We describe progress with targeted antioxidant therapy, with the aim of providing potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Chang
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Ko
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Vitiligo, from Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Advances: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054910. [PMID: 36902341 PMCID: PMC10003418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired hypopigmentation of the skin due to a progressive selective loss of melanocytes; it has a prevalence of 1-2% and appears as rounded, well-demarcated white macules. The etiopathology of the disease has not been well defined, but multiple factors contribute to melanocyte loss: metabolic abnormalities, oxidative stress, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Therefore, a convergence theory was proposed that combines all existing theories into a comprehensive one in which several mechanisms contribute to the reduction of melanocyte viability. In addition, increasingly in-depth knowledge about the disease's pathogenetic processes has enabled the development of increasingly targeted therapeutic strategies with high efficacy and fewer side effects. The aim of this paper is, by conducting a narrative review of the literature, to analyze the pathogenesis of vitiligo and the most recent treatments available for this condition.
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Marchioro HZ, de Castro CCS, Jiacomini IG, Miot HA. Association between clinical features and Hsp70 plasma levels in adults with non-segmental vitiligo: a cross-sectional study. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:373-375. [PMID: 36863981 PMCID: PMC10173073 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caio César Silva de Castro
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Santa Casa de Curitiba, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabella Gizzi Jiacomini
- Department of Basic Pathology, Division of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Ochoa-Ramírez LA, Díaz-Camacho SP, Mellado-Corrales SN, Muñoz-Estrada VF, Ríos-Tostado JJ, Sánchez-Zazueta JG, Velarde-Félix JS. Analysis of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) genetic variants in nonsegmental vitiligo patients. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:225-230. [PMID: 36345598 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease that courses with skin depigmentation because of the destruction of melanocytes. Vitiliginous melanocyte is prone to damage because of oxidative stress which activates cellular stress response and the release of heat shock proteins such as HSP70 promoting immune activation against the melanocyte. Variants in HSP70 genes (HSPA) might alter their expression and thus modulate vitiligo susceptibility. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the role of the 5' untranslated region HSPA1A G/C (rs1043618) and the exonic HSPA1B A/G (rs1061581) and HSPA1L T/C (rs2227956) gene variants in nonsegmental vitiligo. METHODS A total of 200 nonsegmental vitiligo patients and 208 age/gender-matched healthy subjects were genotyped for rs1043618, rs1061581, and rs2227956 variants by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Variants rs1043618 and rs1061581 were not associated with vitiligo susceptibility. On the other hand, the rs2227956 C allele and TC genotype were associated with protection against vitiligo. A similar effect was observed for the GAC haplotype. Any of the aforementioned HSP70 gene variants were associated with the clinical characteristics of vitiligo. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the HSPA1L rs2227956 gene variant might influence the susceptibility to vitiligo. Being the first study of HSP70 gene variants in vitiligo, further research is encouraged to corroborate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Antonio Ochoa-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital General de Culiacán, Servicios de Salud Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Sylvia Paz Díaz-Camacho
- Unidad de Investigación en Ambiente y Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | | | - Juan José Ríos-Tostado
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital General de Culiacán, Servicios de Salud Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.,Cuerpo Académico Inmunogenética y Evolución UAS-CA-265, Facultad de Biología; Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Guillermo Sánchez-Zazueta
- Cuerpo Académico Inmunogenética y Evolución UAS-CA-265, Facultad de Biología; Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Jesús Salvador Velarde-Félix
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital General de Culiacán, Servicios de Salud Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.,Maestría en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Culiacán, Mexico.,Cuerpo Académico Inmunogenética y Evolución UAS-CA-265, Facultad de Biología; Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
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10
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Nimkar P, Wanjari A. Vitiligo and the Role of Newer Therapeutic Modalities. Cureus 2022; 14:e31022. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wei G, Pan Y, Wang J, Xiong X, He Y, Xu J. Role of HMGB1 in Vitiligo: Current Perceptions and Future Perspectives. CLINICAL, COSMETIC AND INVESTIGATIONAL DERMATOLOGY 2022; 15:2177-2186. [PMID: 36267690 PMCID: PMC9576603 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s381432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic depigmenting disorder of the skin and mucosa caused by the destruction of epidermal melanocytes. Although the exact mechanism has not been elucidated, studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. High mobility group box protein B1 (HMGB1) is a major nonhistone protein and an extracellular proinflammatory or chemotactic molecule that is actively secreted or passively released by necrotic cells. Recent data showed that HMGB1 is overexpressed in both blood and lesional specimens from vitiligo patients. Moreover, oxidative stress triggers the release of HMGB1 from keratinocytes and melanocytes, indicating that HMGB1 may participate in the pathological process of vitiligo. Overall, this review mainly focuses on the role of HMGB1 in the potential mechanisms underlying vitiligo depigmentation under oxidative stress. In this review, we hope to provide new insights into vitiligo pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmin Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center Hospital of Qionglai City, Qionglai, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghao Pan
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanmin He
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jixiang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jixiang Xu, Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 of Taiping Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Riquelme IL, Ballesteros MDF, Ordoñez AS, Díaz DJG. COVID-19 and autoimmune phenomena: vitiligo after Astrazeneca vaccine. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15502. [PMID: 35393710 PMCID: PMC9111626 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease in which there is a progressive depigmentation due to the loss of melanocytes in epidermis. Recently, some cases of vitiligo after COVID-19 vaccination have been reported. A relation between COVID-19 and other autoimmune phenomena has been suggested, considering molecular mimicry between antigenic epitopes of the virus and certain human proteins as a possible explanation. In the case of vitiligo, another theory contends that COVID-19 infection would stimulate dendritic cells to produce massive amounts of IFN-I, leading to melanocyte death. Although mechanism remains unclear, these hypothesis deserve further investigation.
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Fawzy MM, Hammad NM, Sharaf AL, Khattab F. Hepatitis C Virus infection could be a risk factor for adult‐onset vitiligo in Egyptian patients: A cross‐sectional study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:4983-4989. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Fawzy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - Noha M Hammad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - Ahmed L Sharaf
- Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - Fathia Khattab
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
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The Promising Role of Chemokines in Vitiligo: From Oxidative Stress to the Autoimmune Response. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8796735. [PMID: 35096274 PMCID: PMC8791757 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8796735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common chronic autoimmune skin disorder featured with depigmented patches and underlying destruction of melanocytes in the lesional skin. Multiple factors and mechanisms have been proposed for the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo, among which oxidative stress has been widely accepted as a key factor in initiating melanocyte loss. The altered redox status caused by oxidative stress, including the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the decreased activity of the antioxidant system in the skin, surrenders the resistance of melanocytes to exogenous or endogenous stimuli and eventually impairs the normal defense mechanism, leading to the absence of melanocytes. Considering the important role of innate and adaptive immunity in vitiligo, there is mounting evidence revealing an association between oxidative stress and autoimmunity. Since the significant changes of chemokines have been documented in vitiligo in many recent studies, it has been suggested that ROS-mediated chemotactic signals are not only the biomarkers of disease progression and prognosis but also are involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo by facilitating the innate and adaptive immune cells, especially melanocyte-specific T cells, trafficking to the lesional areas of vitiligo. In this review, we discuss the interaction between oxidative stress and autoimmune response orchestrated by chemokines, including CXCL16-CXCR6 axis, CXCL9/CXCL10-CXCR3 axis, and other altered chemokines in vitiligo, and we also try to provide insight into potential therapeutic options through targeting these pathways.
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The Formation of Melanocyte Apoptotic Bodies in Vitiligo and the Relocation of Vitiligo Autoantigens under Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7617839. [PMID: 34745423 PMCID: PMC8568525 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7617839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress has a vital role in the early stages of vitiligo. Autoantigens released from apoptotic melanocytes (MC) under oxidative stress are involved in the presentation and recognition of antigens. However, the transport of autoantigens to the cell surface and their release to the extracellular environment are still unclear. Apoptotic bodies (ABs) have always been considered as a key source of immunomodulators and autoantigens. Yet, the role of ABs in the immune mechanism of vitiligo is still unknown. Purpose To explore whether MC's autoantigens translocate into ABs during oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and study the molecular mechanisms underlying autoantigen migration and AB formation. Methods PIG3V (an immortalized human vitiligo melanocyte cell line) were treated with H2O2, and ABs were separated. Transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, Western blot, mass spectrometry, and other methods were used to determine the relocation of specific antigens in PIG3V cells to ABs. After pretreatment with specific inhibitors (Rho kinase (Y-27632), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK, ML-9), pan-caspase (zVAD-FMK), and JNK (SP600125)), the pathway of autoantigen translocation into ABs and the formation of apoptotic bodies were determined. Results When treated with 0.8 mM H2O2, ABs were released from these cells. Autoantigens such as tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP-1) and cleavage nuclear membrane antigen Lamin A/C (Asp230) were concentrated in ABs. The expression of autoantigens and the formation of ABs increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after treatment with H2O2, while the application of specific inhibitors inhibited the formation of apoptotic bodies, i.e., the expression of antigens. Conclusion Vitiligo autoantigens translocate into ABs in the process of apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. The cytoskeletal protein activation pathway and the JNK-related apoptosis pathway are involved in the transport of autoantigens and the formation of ABs. ABs may be the key bridge between MC cell apoptosis and cellular immunity.
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Abdelsalam M, Allam SH, Zohdy M, Magdy H, Mostafa M. TLR4 gene polymorphisms in Egyptian vitiligo patients: insights into emerging association with clinical activity, family history, and response to therapy. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:132. [PMID: 34468896 PMCID: PMC8410933 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a common pigmentary disorder in which autoimmunity has been suggested to play an important role. Toll-like receptor (TLR) family are recognized different molecular structures expressed on immune cells and have been implicated in a number of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) such as vitiligo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association between TLR4 gene polymorphisms: rs11536858, rs1927911, rs1927914 in Egyptian vitiligo patients and their clinical data, their response to therapy. Using PCR-RFLP for TLR4 gene polymorphisms (rs11536858, rs1927911, and rs1927914), both alleles and genotypes were determined after extraction of DNA in a case-control study of 100 vitiligo Egyptian patients and 100 matched age and sex controls. RESULTS The distribution of the protective CT genotype of rs1927914 was higher in the control group. After dividing both patients and controls into 2 age groups (below 18 and above 18 years), no significant associations between the genotypes of the selected TLR4 SNPs and the demographic and clinical data of the vitiligo patients in group 1 (below 18 years) were observed. For group 2 (above 18 years), also no significant associations were found except for the association between the CC genotype of rs1927914 and psychiatric trauma, from one side, and between the CT genotype of rs1927911 and alopecia, from the other side. The association between combined genotypes and the risk of vitiligo showed either higher frequency in patients (risky), or controls (protective), and some equal frequencies (non-significant). The association between haplotypes and risk of vitiligo in patients' group revealed the highest frequency for the risky ATT and the least frequency for ATC haplotypes. In control group, the protective GCT haplotype showed the highest frequency while the GTC and GCC showed the least frequency. No significant correlations of haplotypes with clinical and demographic data of selected patients' group were observed apart from that between ACC haplotype and family history of AIDs and between ATT haplotype and remission after phototherapy. CONCLUSIONS The significant relationship between TLR4 gene polymorphisms and vitiligo patients charcteristics clarify the role of innate immunity in pathogensis of vitiligo and its effect on the used therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Abdelsalam
- Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Immunology, Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, 11517, Egypt
| | - Sherihan H Allam
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa Zohdy
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Hend Magdy
- Public Health & Community Department, Faculty of medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maged Mostafa
- Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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17
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Lu H, Xu J, Xie B, Hu Y, Luo H, Chen Y, Song X. The multi-target mechanism of Cyclosporin A in the treatment of vitiligo based on network pharmacology. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e15023. [PMID: 34089287 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Network pharmacology is an emerging discipline that designs drugs based on systems biology theory and biological system network analysis. Here, we applied network pharmacology to analyze the multi-target mechanism of Cyclosporin A in the treatment of vitiligo First, we predicted the targets of Cyclosporin A. Second, we obtained the genes related to vitiligo from the database. Third, we constructed the PPI network of the mutual genes between Cyclosporin A and vitiligo and used gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to analyze. Finally, we verified the prediction of potential targets through a docking study with Cyclosporin A. We found that there were 15 shared target genes between Cyclosporin A and vitiligo. We analyzed these 15 genes by Cytoscape and obtained a network diagram of 885 nodes. Through screening and molecular docking, PRKDC, CUL7, CUL1, HSPA8, HSPA4, and SIRT7 were the most likely multi-target mechanism of Cyclosporin A in the treatment of vitiligo. In our study, Cyclosporin A might not only affect the repair of DNA strands by targeting PRKDC, but also affected the innate and adaptive immune function of vitiligo patients by the targets of CUL1, CUL7, and HSP70. In addition, Cyclosporin A might promote the repigmentation of vitiligo by adjusting the expression of SIRT7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Lu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Xu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yebei Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixin Luo
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Boniface K, Passeron T, Seneschal J, Tulic MK. Targeting Innate Immunity to Combat Cutaneous Stress: The Vitiligo Perspective. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613056. [PMID: 33936032 PMCID: PMC8079779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors are involved in the process leading to melanocyte loss in vitiligo including environmental triggers, genetic polymorphisms, metabolic alterations, and autoimmunity. This review aims to highlight current knowledge on how danger signals released by stressed epidermal cells in a predisposed patient can trigger the innate immune system and initiate a cascade of events leading to an autoreactive immune response, ultimately contributing to melanocyte disappearance in vitiligo. We will explore the genetic data available, the specific role of damage-associated-molecular patterns, and pattern-recognition receptors, as well as the cellular players involved in the innate immune response. Finally, the relevance of therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway to improve this inflammatory and autoimmune condition is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Boniface
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, Immuno-dermatology Team, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Passeron
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France.,Côte d'Azur University, Department of Dermatology, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - Julien Seneschal
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, Immuno-dermatology Team, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | - Meri K Tulic
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
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19
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Mukhatayev Z, Ostapchuk YO, Fang D, Le Poole IC. Engineered antigen-specific regulatory T cells for autoimmune skin conditions. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102761. [PMID: 33476816 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cells responsible for the regulation of immune responses, thereby maintaining immune homeostasis and providing immune tolerance to both self and non-self-antigens. An increasing number of studies revealed Treg numbers and functions in a variety of autoimmune diseases. Treg deficiency can cause the development of several autoimmune skin diseases including vitiligo, alopecia areata, pemphigoid and pemphigus, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis. Many clinical trials have been performed for autoimmune conditions using polyclonal Tregs, but efficiency can be significantly improved using antigen-specific Tregs engineered using T cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) constructs. In this review, we systematically reviewed altered frequencies, impaired functions, and phenotypic features of Tregs in autoimmune skin conditions. We also summarized new advances in TCR and CAR based antigen-specific Tregs tested both in animal models and in clinics. The advantages and limitations of each approach were carefully discussed emphasizing possible clinical relevance to patients with autoimmune skin diseases. Moreover, we have reviewed potential approaches for engineering antigen-specific Tregs, and strategies for overcoming possible hurdles in clinical applications. Thereby, antigen-specific Tregs can be infused using autologous adoptive cell transfer to restore Treg numbers and to provide local immune tolerance for autoimmune skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhussipbek Mukhatayev
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - I Caroline Le Poole
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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20
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Bergqvist C, Ezzedine K. Vitiligo: A focus on pathogenesis and its therapeutic implications. J Dermatol 2021; 48:252-270. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bergqvist
- Department of Dermatology AP‐HP Henri Mondor University Hospital UPEC Créteil France
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology AP‐HP Henri Mondor University Hospital UPEC Créteil France
- EA 7379 EpidermE Université Paris‐Est Créteil, UPEC Créteil France
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21
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Yang Q, Zhang G, Su M, Leung G, Lui H, Zhou P, Wu Y, Zhou J, Xu J, Zhang X, Zhou Y. Vitiligo Skin Biomarkers Associated With Favorable Therapeutic Response. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613031. [PMID: 33815367 PMCID: PMC8015777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation skin disease caused by immune-mediated death of melanocytes. The most common treatment for vitiligo is narrow band ultraviolet B phototherapy, which often is combined with topical therapies such as tacrolimus. However, patients' responses to these treatments show large variations. To date, the mechanism for this heterogeneity is unknown, and there are no molecular indicators that can predict an individual patient's response to therapy. The goal of this study is to identify clinical parameters and gene expression biomarkers associated with vitiligo response to therapy. Six patients with segmental vitiligo and 30 patients with non-segmental vitiligo underwent transcriptome sequencing of lesional and nonlesional skin at baseline before receiving combined UBUVB and tacrolimus therapy for 6 month, and were separated into good response and bad response groups based on target lesion achieving > 10% repigmentation or not. Our study revealed that treatment-responsive vitiligo lesions had significantly shorter disease duration compared with non-responsive vitiligo lesions (2.5 years vs 11.5 years, p=0.046, t-Test), while showing no significant differences in the age, gender, ethnicity, vitiligo subtype, or disease severity. Transcriptomic analyses identified a panel of 68 genes separating the good response from bad response lesions including upregulation of immune active genes, such as CXCL10, FCRL3, and TCR, Further, compared with vitiligo lesions with long disease duration, the lesions with short duration also have much higher level of expression of immune-active genes, including some (such as FCRL3 and TCR genes) that are associated with favorable therapeutic response. In conclusion, our study has identified clinical parameters such as short disease duration and a panel of immune active and other gene expression biomarkers that are associated with favorable response to immune suppressive NBUVB + tacrolimus therapy. These markers may be useful clinically for individualized therapeutic management of vitiligo patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Yang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Mingwan Su
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gigi Leung
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Harvey Lui
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pingyu Zhou
- Shanghai Skin Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Joshua Zhou
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Youwen Zhou, ; Jinhua Xu, ; Xuejun Zhang,
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Youwen Zhou, ; Jinhua Xu, ; Xuejun Zhang,
| | - Youwen Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Youwen Zhou, ; Jinhua Xu, ; Xuejun Zhang,
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22
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Bergqvist C, Ezzedine K. Vitiligo: A Review. Dermatology 2020; 236:571-592. [DOI: 10.1159/000506103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo, a common depigmenting skin disorder, has an estimated prevalence of 0.5–2% of the population worldwide. The disease is characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes which results in typical nonscaly, chalky-white macules. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of vitiligo which is now clearly classified as an autoimmune disease. Vitiligo is often dismissed as a cosmetic problem, although its effects can be psychologically devastating, often with a considerable burden on daily life. In 2011, an international consensus classified segmental vitiligo separately from all other forms of vitiligo, and the term vitiligo was defined to designate all forms of nonsegmental vitiligo. This review summarizes the current knowledge on vitiligo and attempts to give an overview of the future in vitiligo treatment.
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23
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Karagaiah P, Valle Y, Sigova J, Zerbinati N, Vojvodic P, Parsad D, Schwartz RA, Grabbe S, Goldust M, Lotti T. Emerging drugs for the treatment of vitiligo. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2020; 25:7-24. [PMID: 31958256 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2020.1712358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Vitiligo is a relatively common autoimmune depigmenting disorder of the skin. There has been a great advance in understanding the pathological basis, which has led to the development and utilization of various new molecules in treating vitiligo. This review aims at a comprehensively describing the treatments available and the emerging treatment aspects and the scope for future developments.Areas covered: This study comprehensively summarizes the current concepts in the pathogenesis of vitiligo with special focus on the cytokine and signaling pathways, which are the targets for newer drugs. JAK kinase signaling pathways and the cytokines involved are the focus of vitiligo treatment in current research, followed by antioxidant mechanisms and repigmenting mechanisms. Topical immunosuppressants may be an alternative to steroids in localized vitiligo. Newer repigmenting agents like basic fibroblast growth factors, afamelanotide have been included and a special emphasis is laid on the upcoming targeted immunotherapy.Expert opinion: The treatment of vitiligo needs to be multimodal with emphasis on targeting different limbs of the pathogenesis. Topical and oral JAK inhibitors are the most promising new class of drugs currently available for treating vitiligo and acts best in conjunction with NB-UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Karagaiah
- Department of Dermatology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Yan Valle
- Vitiligo Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Sigova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicola Zerbinati
- Universita degli Studi dell'Insubria Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Morfologiche, Varese, Italy
| | - Petar Vojvodic
- Clinic for Mental Disorders "Dr Laza Lazarevic", Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- University of Rome Guglielmo Marconi, Rome, Italy, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Torello Lotti
- Department of Dermatology, University of Studies Guglielmo Marconi, Rome, Italy
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24
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Bellei B, Picardo M. Premature cell senescence in human skin: Dual face in chronic acquired pigmentary disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 57:100981. [PMID: 31733332 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although senescence was originally described as an in vitro acquired cellular characteristic, it was recently recognized that senescence is physiologically and pathologically involved in aging and age-related diseases in vivo. The definition of cellular senescence has expanded to include the growth arrest caused by various cellular stresses, including DNA damage, inadequate mitochondria function, activated oncogene or tumor suppressor genes and oxidative stress. While senescence in normal aging involves various tissues over time and contributes to a decline in tissue function even with healthy aging, disease-induced premature senescence may be restricted to one or a few organs triggering a prolonged and more intense rate of accumulation of senescent cells than in normal aging. Organ-specific high senescence rate could lead to chronic diseases, especially in post-mitotic rich tissue. Recently, two opposite acquired pathological conditions related to skin pigmentation were described to be associated with premature senescence: vitiligo and melasma. In both cases, it was demonstrated that pathological dysfunctions are not restricted to melanocytes, the cell type responsible for melanin production and transport to surrounding keratinocytes. Similar to physiological melanogenesis, dermal and epidermal cells contribute directly and indirectly to deregulate skin pigmentation as a result of complex intercellular communication. Thus, despite senescence usually being reported as a uniform phenotype sharing the expression of characteristic markers, skin senescence involving mainly the dermal compartment and its paracrine function could be associated with the disappearance of melanocytes in vitiligo lesions and with the exacerbated activity of melanocytes in the hyperpigmentation spots of melasma. This suggests that the difference may arise in melanocyte intrinsic differences and/or in highly defined microenvironment peculiarities poorly explored at the current state of the art. A similar dualistic phenotype has been attributed to intratumoral stromal cells as cancer-associated fibroblasts presenting a senescent-like phenotype which influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. Here, we present a framework dissecting senescent-related molecular alterations shared by vitiligo and melasma patients and we also discuss disease-specific differences representing new challenges for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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25
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Boniface K, Seneschal J. Vitiligo as a skin memory disease: The need for early intervention with immunomodulating agents and a maintenance therapy to target resident memory T cells. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:656-661. [PMID: 30636075 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the immune mechanisms of vitiligo has profoundly improved over the past years. The recent discovery of a new population of antigen-experienced memory T cells called resident memory T cells (TRM ) has changed the concept of immune surveillance in peripheral tissue as skin, and the presence of melanocyte-specific TRM is clearly demonstrated in vitiligo, a disease that could be now seen such as a memory skin disease. This review summarizes the recent knowledge on skin TRM and their role in vitiligo. Future management or therapies for this disease will have the goal to block their migration/differentiation, to dampen their activation and/or their accumulation in the vitiligo skin to prevent flare-up or to promote repigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Boniface
- INSERM U 1035, BMGIC, Immuno-Dermatology, ATIP-AVENIR, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Seneschal
- INSERM U 1035, BMGIC, Immuno-Dermatology, ATIP-AVENIR, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases, Bordeaux University Hospitals, Bordeaux, France
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26
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Wang Y, Li S, Li C. Perspectives of New Advances in the Pathogenesis of Vitiligo: From Oxidative Stress to Autoimmunity. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1017-1023. [PMID: 30723188 PMCID: PMC6373225 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune cutaneous disease in which melanocytes are destroyed by CD8+ T cells resulting in disfiguring white spots. From the very beginning of the disease, oxidative stress plays a significant role in promoting the onset of vitiligo, as noted by many studies. Multiple factors lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and collaboratively cause ROS accumulation in vulnerable melanocytes. However, ROS are responsible for melanocyte damage manifested by the level of molecules, organelles, and cells, and the generation of autoantigens, through different pathways related to the dysregulation of melanocytes. Recent studies have shown that presentation of autoantigens is mediated by innate immunity, which bridges the gap between oxidative stress and adaptive immunity. The recruitment of CD8+ T cells induced by cytokines and chemokines guarantees the final destruction of epidermal melanocytes. Moreover, emerging concerns regarding regulatory T cells and resident memory T cells help explain the reinstatement and relapse of vitiligo. Here, we provide new perspectives in the advances in understanding of this disease pathogenesis and we attempt to find more interrelationships between oxidative stress and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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27
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Jung HM, Jung YS, Lee JH, Kim GM, Bae JM. Antioxidant supplements in combination with phototherapy for vitiligo: A systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 85:506-508. [PMID: 30342161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Mi Jung
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yu Seok Jung
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hae Lee
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Gyong Moon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jung Min Bae
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea.
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28
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Jiang L, Guo Z, Kong Y, Liang J, Wang Y, Wang K. Protective effects of glutamine on human melanocyte oxidative stress model. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018; 84:269-274. [PMID: 29491190 DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_106_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Vitiligo is a disorder caused by the loss of the melanocyte activity on melanin pigment generation. Studies show that oxidative-stress induced apoptosis in melanocytes is closely related to the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Glutamine is a well known antioxidant with anti-apoptotic effects, and is used in a variety of diseases. However, it is unclear whether glutamine has an antioxidant or anti-apoptotic effect on melanocytes. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of glutamine on a human melanocyte oxidative stress model. Methods The oxidative stress model was established on human melanocytes using hydrogen peroxide. The morphology and viability of melanocytes, levels of oxidants [reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde], levels of antioxidants [superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase], and apoptosis-related indicators (caspase-3, bax and bcl-2) were examined after glutamine exposure at various concentrations. Expressions of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and heat shock protein 70 were detected using western blot technique after glutamine exposure at various concentrations. Results Our results demonstrate that pre-treatment and post-treatment with glutamine promoted melanocyte viability, increased levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and bcl-2, decreased levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, bax and caspase-3, and enhanced nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and heat shock protein 70 expression in a dose dependent manner. The effect of pre-treatment was more significant than post-treatment, at the same concentration. Limitations The mechanisms of glutamine activated nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 antioxidant responsive element signaling pathway need further investigation. Conclusions Glutamine enhances the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic capabilities of melanocytes and protects them against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012; Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012; Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Medical College of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210048, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Keyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
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Hart PH, Norval M, Byrne SN, Rhodes LE. Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation in the Modulation of Human Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2018; 14:55-81. [PMID: 30125148 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses primarily on the beneficial effects for human health of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR stimulates anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive pathways in skin that modulate psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo; suppresses cutaneous lesions of graft-versus-host disease; and regulates some infection and vaccination outcomes. While polymorphic light eruption and the cutaneous photosensitivity of systemic lupus erythematosus are triggered by UVR, polymorphic light eruption also frequently benefits from UVR-induced immunomodulation. For systemic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, asthma, schizophrenia, autism, and cardiovascular disease, any positive consequences of UVR exposure are more speculative, but could occur through the actions of UVR-induced regulatory cells and mediators, including 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, interleukin-10, and nitric oxide. Reduced UVR exposure is a risk factor for the development of several inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune conditions, including diseases initiated in early life. This suggests that UVR-induced molecules can regulate cell maturation in developing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6008, Australia;
| | - Mary Norval
- University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom;
| | - Scott N Byrne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; .,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, and Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom;
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30
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Henning SW, Fernandez MF, Mahon JP, Duff R, Azarafrooz F, Guevara-Patiño JA, Rademaker AW, Salzman AL, Le Poole IC. HSP70i Q435A-Encoding DNA Repigments Vitiligo Lesions in Sinclair Swine. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2531-2539. [PMID: 30031029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human HSP70iQ435A carries a single amino-acid modification within the dendritic cell activating region and tolerizes dendritic cells in vitro. The underlying DNA was used to prevent and treat disease in vitiligo mouse models through reduced dendritic cell activation and diminished skin T-cell infiltration, suggesting the same may be useful for patients. Physiologic differences between mouse and human skin then called for studies in large animals with human-like skin. We established the efficiency of DNA jet injection into swine skin before subcloning HSP70iQ435A into clinically suitable vector pUMVC3. Vitiligo lesions in Sinclair swine were treated with plasmid DNA to measure changes in depigmentation, T-cell infiltration, expression of HSP70i in skin, serum HSP70i, and anti-HSP70i serum titers. Remarkable repigmentation following HSP70iQ435A-encoding DNA treatment persisted throughout the 6-month follow-up period. Repigmentation was accompanied by an initial influx of T cells accompanied by increased CD4/CD8 ratios, waning by week 15. Melanocytes spanned the border of repigmenting skin, suggesting that melanocyte repopulation precedes skin melanization. Serum titer fluctuations were not treatment-associated. Importantly, treatment did not interfere with melanoma immunosurveillance. These data encourage clinical testing of HSP70iQ435A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Henning
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - James P Mahon
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard Duff
- Comparative Medicine Facility, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Farshid Azarafrooz
- Comparative Medicine Facility, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - José A Guevara-Patiño
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Surgery, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alfred W Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - I Caroline Le Poole
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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31
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Bae JM, Jung YS, Jung HM, Park JH, Hann SK. Classification of facial vitiligo: A cluster analysis of 473 patients. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 31:585-591. [PMID: 29509997 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo has a substantial negative impact on quality of life in affected patients, especially those with the involvement of the face. However, the current system can barely distinguish between specific patterns of facial involvement except for the segmental type when focusing only on facial lesions. We classified facial vitiligo into three distinct subtypes using cluster analysis based on facial topography (n = 473): centrofacial vitiligo (72.9%), panfacial vitiligo (18.0%), and hairline vitiligo (9.1%). Centrofacial vitiligo was the most common type and is thought to comprise the typical facial involvement of generalized vitiligo. Panfacial vitiligo was a distinct subtype with onset in old age and less involvement of other body parts. Hairline vitiligo was another distinct subtype with onset in old age and a poor response to conventional phototherapy. A relevant classification system could help us to explore the causes, anticipate the prognosis, and manage the condition in patients with vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Bae
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yu Seok Jung
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Han Mi Jung
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hun Park
- Korea Institute of Vitiligo Research, Seoul, Korea.,Drs Woo and Hann's Skin Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Kyung Hann
- Korea Institute of Vitiligo Research, Seoul, Korea.,Drs Woo and Hann's Skin Center, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Gualeni B, Coulman S, Shah D, Eng P, Ashraf H, Vescovo P, Blayney G, Piveteau LD, Guy O, Birchall J. Minimally invasive and targeted therapeutic cell delivery to the skin using microneedle devices. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:731-739. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Gualeni
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Redwood Building; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3NB U.K
- Extraject Technologies Ltd; Cardiff Medicentre, Heath Park; Cardiff CF14 4UJ U.K
| | - S.A. Coulman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Redwood Building; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3NB U.K
- Extraject Technologies Ltd; Cardiff Medicentre, Heath Park; Cardiff CF14 4UJ U.K
| | - D. Shah
- The Hillingdon Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Pield Heath Road Uxbridge UB8 3NN U.K
| | - P.F. Eng
- Centre for NanoHealth; College of Engineering; Swansea University; Swansea SA2 8PQ U.K
| | - H. Ashraf
- SPTS Technologies; Ringland Way Newport NP18 2TA U.K
| | - P. Vescovo
- Debiotech SA; Avenue de Sévelin 28 1004 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - G.J. Blayney
- Centre for NanoHealth; College of Engineering; Swansea University; Swansea SA2 8PQ U.K
| | - L.-D. Piveteau
- Debiotech SA; Avenue de Sévelin 28 1004 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - O.J. Guy
- Centre for NanoHealth; College of Engineering; Swansea University; Swansea SA2 8PQ U.K
| | - J.C. Birchall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Redwood Building; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3NB U.K
- Extraject Technologies Ltd; Cardiff Medicentre, Heath Park; Cardiff CF14 4UJ U.K
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33
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Goldstein NB, Koster MI, Hoaglin LG, Wright MJ, Robinson SE, Robinson WA, Roop DR, Norris DA, Birlea SA. Isolating RNA from precursor and mature melanocytes from human vitiligo and normal skin using laser capture microdissection. Exp Dermatol 2018; 25:805-11. [PMID: 27193292 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the gene expression profile of regenerated melanocytes in the narrow band UVB (NBUVB)-treated vitiligo epidermis and their precursors in the hair follicle, we present here a strategy of RNA isolation from in situ melanocytes using human frozen skin. We developed a rapid immunostaining protocol using the NKI-beteb antibody, which labels differentiated and precursor melanocytes, followed by fluorescent laser capture microdissection. This technique enabled the direct isolation, from melanocyte and adjacent keratinocyte populations, of satisfactory quality RNA that was successfully amplified and analysed by qRT-PCR. The melanocyte-specific gene transcripts TYR, DCT, TYRP1 and PMEL were significantly upregulated in our NBUVB-treated melanocyte samples as compared with the keratinocyte samples, while keratinocyte-specific genes (KRT5 and KRT14) were expressed significantly higher in the keratinocyte samples as compared with the melanocyte samples. Furthermore, in both NBUVB-treated vitiligo skin and normal skin, when bulge melanocytes were compared with epidermal melanocytes, we found significantly lower expression of melanocyte-specific genes and significantly higher expression of three melanocytic stem cell genes (SOX9, WIF1 and SFRP1), while ALCAM and ALDH1A1 transcripts did not show significant variation. We found significantly higher expression of melanocyte-specific genes in the epidermis of NBUVB-treated vitiligo, as compared to the normal skin. When comparing bulge melanocyte samples from untreated vitiligo, NBUVB-treated vitiligo and normal skin, we did not find significant differences in the expression of melanocyte-specific genes or melanocytic stem cell genes. These techniques offer valuable opportunities to study melanocytes and their precursors in vitiligo and other pigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel B Goldstein
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maranke I Koster
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura G Hoaglin
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael J Wright
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven E Robinson
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - William A Robinson
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dennis R Roop
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stanca A Birlea
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Jacquemin C, Rambert J, Guillet S, Thiolat D, Boukhedouni N, Doutre MS, Darrigade AS, Ezzedine K, Blanco P, Taieb A, Boniface K, Seneschal J. Heat shock protein 70 potentiates interferon alpha production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells: relevance for cutaneous lupus and vitiligo pathogenesis. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1367-1375. [PMID: 28380264 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a subset of dendritic cells specialized in the production of type I interferon (IFN-α/β) and involved in various cutaneous inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, such as cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and vitiligo. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones essential for maintaining cellular functions, but they can act as a danger signal during inflammation. OBJECTIVES To decipher the role of HSP70 in the production of IFN-α by pDCs in CLE and vitiligo. METHODS Expression of HSP70 and CD123+ pDCs was analysed by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence in CLE and vitiligo skin samples. Flow cytometry was performed to analyse expression of HSP70 receptors, activation markers on pDCs and DNA uptake by pDCs in the presence of HSP70. The impact of HSP70 on DNA-induced IFN-α secretion by pDCs was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of IFN-α on chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9)/10 gene and protein expression by keratinocytes was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA. RESULTS Infiltration of pDCs in CLE and progressive vitiligo was primarily located in the epidermis, close to keratinocytes expressing HSP70. In vitro experiments revealed that the pDCs expressing HSP70 receptor Lox-1 (lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein-receptor-1) were able to aggregate HSP70. Exogenous HSP70 induced activation of pDCs and increased the uptake of exogenous DNA. Furthermore, HSP70 potentiated DNA-induced IFN-α production by pDCs. Finally, IFN-α induced expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 by keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that interaction between HSP70 and pDCs in CLE and vitiligo is a prerequisite for the enhancement of IFN-α production, and could be an interesting target.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jacquemin
- INSERM U1035, BMGIC, Immuno-dermatology ATIP-AVENIR, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - S Guillet
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | - D Thiolat
- INSERM U1035, BMGIC, Immuno-dermatology ATIP-AVENIR, Bordeaux, France
| | - N Boukhedouni
- INSERM U1035, BMGIC, Immuno-dermatology ATIP-AVENIR, Bordeaux, France
| | - M-S Doutre
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | - A-S Darrigade
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | - K Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - P Blanco
- CNRS/UMR 5164, Immuno ConcEpT, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Taieb
- INSERM U1035, BMGIC, Immuno-dermatology ATIP-AVENIR, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
| | - K Boniface
- INSERM U1035, BMGIC, Immuno-dermatology ATIP-AVENIR, Bordeaux, France
| | - J Seneschal
- INSERM U1035, BMGIC, Immuno-dermatology ATIP-AVENIR, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
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35
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Sales CF, Santos KPED, Rizzo E, Ribeiro RIMDA, Santos HBD, Thomé RG. Proliferation, survival and cell death in fish gills remodeling: From injury to recovery. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:10-18. [PMID: 28676337 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants found dispersed in water can cause irritations on the gills, challenge the immune system and prejudice the welfare of the fish. Here we investigated molecules linked to proliferation, survival, and cell death, as well as inflammatory and vascular control, in a model of fish gill remodeling, from injury to recovery. We assessed the gill histology and immunohistochemistry for PCNA, iNOS, HSP70, and Bax in Hypostomus francisci obtained from a river subjected to chronic anthropic influences and then after they were placed in water of good quality. A total of 30 H. francisci adult individuals were collected and distributed into two groups: euthanized on the day of capture (group 1) and maintained for 30 days in an aquarium (group 2). In all the fish from group 1, the primary and secondary lamellae showed hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, lamellar fusion, lifting of the epithelium, aneurysm, hyperemia, and vascular congestion. On the other hand, in all the fish from group 2, restoration of gill integrity was observed, and the primary and secondary lamellae showed a simple epithelium, absence of lamellar fusion, hypertrophy, and aneurysm. Gills of fish from group 1 had higher frequency of cells immunopositive for PCNA, iNOS, HSP70, and Bax than those of fish from group 2 (p < 0.05). The molecular and cellular mechanisms from injury to recovery were proposed, with a balance between survival and cell death signals being essential for determining the gill structure. In addition, the findings indicate that recovery of the structural organization of gills is possible if fishes are maintained in good-quality water, indicating the importance of the conservation of aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ferreira Sales
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos - LAPROTEC, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Ictiohistologia, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Keiza Priscila Enes Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos - LAPROTEC, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Ictiohistologia, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Patologia Experimental - LAPATEX, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hélio Batista Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos - LAPROTEC, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ralph Gruppi Thomé
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos - LAPROTEC, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of vitiligo involves interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic melanocyte defects, innate immune inflammation, and T-cell-mediated melanocyte destruction. The goal of treatment is to not only halt disease progression but also promote repigmentation through melanocyte regeneration, proliferation, and migration. Treatment strategies that address all aspects of disease pathogenesis and repigmentation are likely to have greatest efficacy, a strategy that may require combination therapies. Current treatments generally involve nontargeted suppression of autoimmunity, whereas emerging treatments are likely to use a more targeted approach based on in-depth understanding of disease pathogenesis, which may provide higher efficacy with a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rashighi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 415 Taleqani Avenue, Tehran 1416613675, Iran
| | - John E Harris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Pigmentation Traits, Sun Exposure, and Risk of Incident Vitiligo in Women. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1234-1239. [PMID: 28212813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is the most common cutaneous depigmentation disorder worldwide, yet little is known about specific risk factors for disease development. Using data from the Nurses' Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 51,337 white women, we examined the associations between (i) pigmentary traits and (ii) reactions to sun exposure and risk of incident vitiligo. Nurses' Health Study participants responded to a question about clinician-diagnosed vitiligo and year of diagnosis (2001 or before, 2002-2005, 2006-2009, 2010-2011, or 2012+). We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of incident vitiligo associated with exposures variables, adjusting for potential confounders. We documented 271 cases of incident vitiligo over 835,594 person-years. Vitiligo risk was higher in women who had at least one mole larger than 3 mm in diameter on their left arms (hazard ratio = 1.37, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.83). Additionally, vitiligo risk was higher among women with better tanning ability (hazard ratio = 2.59, 95% confidence interval = 1.21-5.54) and in women who experienced at least one blistering sunburn (hazard ratio = 2.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.15-4.10). In this study, upper extremity moles, a higher ability to achieve a tan, and history of a blistering sunburn were associated with a higher risk of developing vitiligo in a population of white women.
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Dey-Rao R, Sinha AA. Vitiligo blood transcriptomics provides new insights into disease mechanisms and identifies potential novel therapeutic targets. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:109. [PMID: 28129744 PMCID: PMC5273810 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant gaps remain regarding the pathomechanisms underlying the autoimmune response in vitiligo (VL), where the loss of self-tolerance leads to the targeted killing of melanocytes. Specifically, there is incomplete information regarding alterations in the systemic environment that are relevant to the disease state. METHODS We undertook a genome-wide profiling approach to examine gene expression in the peripheral blood of VL patients and healthy controls in the context of our previously published VL-skin gene expression profile. We used several in silico bioinformatics-based analyses to provide new insights into disease mechanisms and suggest novel targets for future therapy. RESULTS Unsupervised clustering methods of the VL-blood dataset demonstrate a "disease-state"-specific set of co-expressed genes. Ontology enrichment analysis of 99 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) uncovers a down-regulated immune/inflammatory response, B-Cell antigen receptor (BCR) pathways, apoptosis and catabolic processes in VL-blood. There is evidence for both type I and II interferon (IFN) playing a role in VL pathogenesis. We used interactome analysis to identify several key blood associated transcriptional factors (TFs) from within (STAT1, STAT6 and NF-kB), as well as "hidden" (CREB1, MYC, IRF4, IRF1, and TP53) from the dataset that potentially affect disease pathogenesis. The TFs overlap with our reported lesional-skin transcriptional circuitry, underscoring their potential importance to the disease. We also identify a shared VL-blood and -skin transcriptional "hot spot" that maps to chromosome 6, and includes three VL-blood dysregulated genes (PSMB8, PSMB9 and TAP1) described as potential VL-associated genetic susceptibility loci. Finally, we provide bioinformatics-based support for prioritizing dysregulated genes in VL-blood or skin as potential therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS We examined the VL-blood transcriptome in context with our (previously published) VL-skin transcriptional profile to address a major gap in knowledge regarding the systemic changes underlying skin-specific manifestation of vitiligo. Several transcriptional "hot spots" observed in both environments offer prioritized targets for identifying disease risk genes. Finally, within the transcriptional framework of VL, we identify five novel molecules (STAT1, PRKCD, PTPN6, MYC and FGFR2) that lend themselves to being targeted by drugs for future potential VL-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Dey-Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 6078 Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Animesh A Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 6078 Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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39
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Juric MK, Shevtsov M, Mozes P, Ogonek J, Crossland RE, Dickinson AM, Greinix HT, Holler E, Weissinger EM, Multhoff G. B-Cell-Based and Soluble Biomarkers in Body Liquids for Predicting Acute/Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 7:660. [PMID: 28138325 PMCID: PMC5238459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the main curative therapy for hematological malignancy such as leukemias, lymphomas, or multiple myelomas and some other hematological disorders. In this therapy, cure of hematological diseases relies on graft-versus-malignancy effects by allogenic immune cells. However, severe posttransplant treatment-associated complications such as acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) limit this approach. Most research into GvHD has concentrated on the aGvHD, while the more complex and multifaceted chronic form has been largely poorly investigated. cGvHD is a multi-organ autoimmune disorder and is the major cause of non-relapse morbidity and mortality following allo-HSCT, occurring in about 50% of patients, or 13,000–15,000 patients per year worldwide. Therefore, there is a high medical need for an early prediction of these therapy-associated toxicities. Biomarkers have gained importance over the last decade in diagnosis, in prognosis, and in prediction of pending diseases or side effects. Biomarkers can be cells, factors isolated from target tissues, or soluble factors that can be detected in body fluids. In this review, we aim to summarize some of the recent developments of biomarkers in the field of allo-HSCT. We will focus on cell-based biomarkers (B-cell subsets) for cGvHD and soluble factors including microRNA (miRNA), which are excreted into serum/plasma and urine. We also discuss the potential role of cytosolic and extracellular 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) as potential biomarkers for aGvHD and their role in preclinical models. Proteomic biomarkers in the blood have been used as predictors of treatment responses in patients with aGvHD for many years. More recently, miRNAs have been found to serve as a biomarker to diagnose aGvHD in the plasma. Another development relates to urine-based biomarkers that are usually detected by capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. These biomarkers have the potential to predict the development of severe aGvHD (grades III–IV), overall mortality, and the pending development of cGvHD in patients posttransplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Kralj Juric
- Department of Internal Medicine I, BMT, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Petra Mozes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Justyna Ogonek
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Transplantation Biology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Rachel E Crossland
- Hematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Anne M Dickinson
- Hematological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | | | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Eva M Weissinger
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Transplantation Biology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
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Speeckaert R, van Geel N. Targeting CTLA-4, PD-L1 and IDO to modulate immune responses in vitiligo. Exp Dermatol 2016; 26:630-634. [PMID: 27192950 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
For decades, an extensive debate is continued on the pathophysiology of vitiligo. Numerous hypotheses have been put forward, and many supported by well-documented arguments. Regardless of the initiating steps, most experts agree that an immune-based melanocyte destruction is responsible for the final steps leading to epidermal depigmentation. It is remarkable that currently the only therapeutic approach to counter this phenomenon consists of non-specific local and systemic immunosuppressants. Immunotherapy for melanoma reveals that targeting factors involved in peripheral tolerance are sufficient to break the natural defense mechanisms to develop skin depigmentations. Therapeutically enhancing these immune checkpoints seems therefore a promising long-term therapy for vitiligo. In this viewpoint, we propose this strategy as a promising therapeutic option for vitiligo. Several approaches are proposed with a focus on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed death ligand-1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nanja van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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41
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Dey-Rao R, Sinha AA. Interactome analysis of gene expression profile reveals potential novel key transcriptional regulators of skin pathology in vitiligo. Genes Immun 2015; 17:30-45. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Xie H, Zhou F, Liu L, Zhu G, Li Q, Li C, Gao T. Vitiligo: How do oxidative stress-induced autoantigens trigger autoimmunity? J Dermatol Sci 2015; 81:3-9. [PMID: 26387449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common depigmentation disorder characterized by a loss of functional melanocytes and melanin from epidermis, in which the autoantigens and subsequent autoimmunity caused by oxidative stress play significant roles according to hypotheses. Various factors lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in the melanocytes of vitiligo: the exogenous and endogenous stimuli that cause ROS production, low levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, disturbed antioxidant pathways and polymorphisms of ROS-associated genes. These factors synergistically contribute to the accumulation of ROS in melanocytes, finally leading to melanocyte damage and the production of autoantigens through the following ways: apoptosis, accumulation of misfolded peptides and cytokines induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as the sustained unfolded protein response, and an 'eat me' signal for phagocytic cells triggered by calreticulin. Subsequently, autoantigens presentation and dendritic cells maturation occurred mediated by the release of antigen-containing exosomes, adenosine triphosphate and melanosomal autophagy. With the involvement of inducible heat shock protein 70, cellular immunity targeting autoantigens takes the essential place in the destruction of melanocytes, which eventually results in vitiligo. Several treatments, such as narrow band ultraviolet, quercetin and α-melanophore-stimulating hormone, are reported to be able to lower ROS thereby achieving repigmentation in vitiligo. In therapies targeting autoimmunity, restore of regulatory T cells is absorbing attention, in which narrow band ultraviolet also plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Fubo Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Guannan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Gao F, Chang D, Biddanda A, Ma L, Guo Y, Zhou Z, Keinan A. XWAS: A Software Toolset for Genetic Data Analysis and Association Studies of the X Chromosome. J Hered 2015; 106:666-71. [PMID: 26268243 PMCID: PMC4567842 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
XWAS is a new software suite for the analysis of the X chromosome in association studies and similar genetic studies. The X chromosome plays an important role in human disease and traits of many species, especially those with sexually dimorphic characteristics. Special attention needs to be given to its analysis due to the unique inheritance pattern, which leads to analytical complications that have resulted in the majority of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) either not considering X or mishandling it with toolsets that had been designed for non-sex chromosomes. We hence developed XWAS to fill the need for tools that are specially designed for analysis of X. Following extensive, stringent, and X-specific quality control, XWAS offers an array of statistical tests of association, including: 1) the standard test between a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) and disease risk, including after first stratifying individuals by sex, 2) a test for a differential effect of a SNP on disease between males and females, 3) motivated by X-inactivation, a test for higher variance of a trait in heterozygous females as compared with homozygous females, and 4) for all tests, a version that allows for combining evidence from all SNPs across a gene. We applied the toolset analysis pipeline to 16 GWAS datasets of immune-related disorders and 7 risk factors of coronary artery disease, and discovered several new X-linked genetic associations. XWAS will provide the tools and incentive for others to incorporate the X chromosome into GWAS and similar studies in any species with an XX/XY system, hence enabling discoveries of novel loci implicated in many diseases and in their sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- From the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Gao, Chang, Biddanda, Ma, Guo, Zhou, and Keinan); Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Chang and Keinan); Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (Ma); and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China (Guo)
| | - Diana Chang
- From the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Gao, Chang, Biddanda, Ma, Guo, Zhou, and Keinan); Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Chang and Keinan); Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (Ma); and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China (Guo)
| | - Arjun Biddanda
- From the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Gao, Chang, Biddanda, Ma, Guo, Zhou, and Keinan); Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Chang and Keinan); Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (Ma); and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China (Guo)
| | - Li Ma
- From the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Gao, Chang, Biddanda, Ma, Guo, Zhou, and Keinan); Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Chang and Keinan); Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (Ma); and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China (Guo)
| | - Yingjie Guo
- From the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Gao, Chang, Biddanda, Ma, Guo, Zhou, and Keinan); Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Chang and Keinan); Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (Ma); and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China (Guo)
| | - Zilu Zhou
- From the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Gao, Chang, Biddanda, Ma, Guo, Zhou, and Keinan); Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Chang and Keinan); Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (Ma); and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China (Guo)
| | - Alon Keinan
- From the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Gao, Chang, Biddanda, Ma, Guo, Zhou, and Keinan); Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Chang and Keinan); Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (Ma); and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China (Guo).
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Tyagi N, Tyagi R. The wonderous chaperones: A highlight on therapeutics of cancer and potentially malignant disorders. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015; 19:212-20. [PMID: 26604499 PMCID: PMC4611931 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.164535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse environmental and physiological factors are known to induce the transcription of a set of genes encoding special protective molecules known as "molecular chaperones" within our cells. Literature abounds in evidence regarding the varied roles; these "guides" can effectively perform in our system. Highly conserved through evolution, from the prokaryotes to the eukaryotes, these make perfect study tools for verifying their role in both the pathogenesis as well as the therapeutics of varied neurodegenerative, autoimmune and potentially malignant disorders and varied cancer states. We present a concise review of this ever dynamic molecule, highlighting the probable role in a potentially malignant disorder, oral lichen planus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutan Tyagi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, NH-58, Kadrabad, Modinagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rishi Tyagi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Delhi, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
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45
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Why treatments do(n't) work in vitiligo: An autoinflammatory perspective. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:332-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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46
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Goldstein NB, Koster MI, Hoaglin LG, Spoelstra NS, Kechris KJ, Robinson SE, Robinson WA, Roop DR, Norris DA, Birlea SA. Narrow Band Ultraviolet B Treatment for Human Vitiligo Is Associated with Proliferation, Migration, and Differentiation of Melanocyte Precursors. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2068-2076. [PMID: 25822579 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitiligo, the autoimmune destruction of epidermal melanocytes produces white spots that can be repigmented by melanocyte precursors from the hair follicles, following stimulation with UV light. We examined by immunofluorescence the distribution of melanocyte markers (C-KIT, DCT, PAX3, and TYR) coupled with markers of proliferation (KI-67) and migration (MCAM) in precursors and mature melanocytes from the hair follicle and the epidermis of untreated and narrow band UVB (NBUVB)-treated human vitiligo skin. NBUVB was associated with a significant increase in the number of melanocytes in the infundibulum and with restoration of the normal melanocyte population in the epidermis, which was lacking in the untreated vitiligo. We identified several precursor populations (melanocyte stem cells, melanoblasts, and other immature phenotypes), and progressively differentiating melanocytes, some with putative migratory and/or proliferative abilities. The primary melanocyte germ was present in the untreated and treated hair follicle bulge, whereas a possible secondary melanocyte germ composed of C-KIT+ melanocytes was found in the infundibulum and interfollicular epidermis of UV-treated vitiligo. This is an exceptional model for studying the mobilization of melanocyte stem cells in human skin. Improved understanding of this process is essential for designing better treatments for vitiligo, ultimately based on melanocyte stem cell activation and mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel B Goldstein
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Maranke I Koster
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura G Hoaglin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicole S Spoelstra
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katerina J Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven E Robinson
- Division of Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - William A Robinson
- Division of Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dennis R Roop
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stanca A Birlea
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Dwivedi M, Kemp EH, Laddha NC, Mansuri MS, Weetman AP, Begum R. Regulatory T cells in vitiligo: Implications for pathogenesis and therapeutics. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:49-56. [PMID: 25308528 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a hypomelanotic autoimmune skin disease arising from a breakdown in immunological self-tolerance, which leads to aberrant immune responses against melanocytes. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial to the development of self-tolerance and so are major foci in the study of autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo. This review will summarise recent findings concerning the role of Tregs in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. In addition, as antigen-specific Tregs are a potential route for the reinstatement of immune tolerance, new strategies that expand or induce de novo generation of Tregs and which are currently being investigated as therapies for other autoimmune diseases, will be discussed. These approaches will highlight the opportunities for Treg cell-based therapeutics in vitiligo.
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48
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Daniel BS, Wittal R. Vitiligo treatment update. Australas J Dermatol 2014; 56:85-92. [DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Wittal
- University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Skin and Cancer Foundation; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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49
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Current Understanding of the Etiology of Vitiligo. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-014-0067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Bertolotti A, Boniface K, Vergier B, Mossalayi D, Taieb A, Ezzedine K, Seneschal J. Type I interferon signature in the initiation of the immune response in vitiligo. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:398-407. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bertolotti
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology; National Centre for Rare Skin Disorders; Saint-André and Pellegrin Hospital; Bordeaux France
| | - Katia Boniface
- INSERM U1035; Immunodermatology Team; Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux France
| | | | - Djavad Mossalayi
- INSERM U1035; Immunodermatology Team; Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux France
| | - Alain Taieb
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology; National Centre for Rare Skin Disorders; Saint-André and Pellegrin Hospital; Bordeaux France
- INSERM U1035; Immunodermatology Team; Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux France
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology; National Centre for Rare Skin Disorders; Saint-André and Pellegrin Hospital; Bordeaux France
- INSERM U1035; Immunodermatology Team; Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux France
| | - Julien Seneschal
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology; National Centre for Rare Skin Disorders; Saint-André and Pellegrin Hospital; Bordeaux France
- INSERM U1035; Immunodermatology Team; Université Bordeaux Segalen; Bordeaux France
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