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Stroope C, Nettersheim FS, Coon B, Finney AC, Schwartz MA, Ley K, Rom O, Yurdagul A. Dysregulated cellular metabolism in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Metab 2024; 6:617-638. [PMID: 38532071 PMCID: PMC11055680 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence over the past decades has revealed an intricate relationship between dysregulation of cellular metabolism and the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, an integrated understanding of dysregulated cellular metabolism in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its potential value as a therapeutic target is missing. In this Review, we (1) summarize recent advances concerning the role of metabolic dysregulation during atherosclerosis progression in lesional cells, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and T cells; (2) explore the complexity of metabolic cross-talk between these lesional cells; (3) highlight emerging technologies that promise to illuminate unknown aspects of metabolism in atherosclerosis; and (4) suggest strategies for targeting these underexplored metabolic alterations to mitigate atherosclerosis progression and stabilize rupture-prone atheromas with a potential new generation of cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Stroope
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Felix Sebastian Nettersheim
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Brian Coon
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, OMRF, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alexandra C Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia (IMMCG), Augusta University Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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2
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Ishida M, Sakai C, Kobayashi Y, Ishida T. Cigarette Smoking and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:189-200. [PMID: 38220184 PMCID: PMC10918046 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of cigarette smoking on cardiovascular health, particularly atherosclerosis and thrombosis, are well established, and more detailed mechanisms continue to emerge. As the fundamental pathophysiology of the adverse effects of smoking, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and thrombosis are considered to be particularly important. Cigarette smoke induces endothelial dysfunction, leading to impaired vascular dilation and hemostasis regulation. Factors contributing to endothelial dysfunction include reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide, increased levels of superoxide anion, and endothelin release. Chronic inflammation of the vascular wall is a central pathogenesis of smoking-induced atherosclerosis. Smoking systemically elevates inflammatory markers and induces the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines in various tissues. Pattern recognition receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns play crucial roles in the mechanism underlying smoking-induced inflammation. Smoking-induced DNA damage and activation of innate immunity, such as the NLRP3 inflammasome, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, and Toll-like receptor 9, are shown to amplify inflammatory cytokine expression. Cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and inflammation influence platelet adhesion, aggregation, and coagulation via adhesion molecule upregulation. Furthermore, it affects the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis balance, causing thrombus formation. Matrix metalloproteinases contribute to plaque vulnerability and atherothrombotic events. The impact of smoking on inflammatory cells and adhesion molecules further intensifies the risk of atherothrombosis. Collectively, exposure to cigarette smoke exerts profound effects on endothelial function, inflammation, and thrombosis, contributing to the development and progression of atherosclerosis and atherothrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these intricate mechanisms highlights the urgent need for smoking cessation to protect cardiovascular health. This comprehensive review investigates the multifaceted mechanisms through which smoking contributes to these life-threatening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chiemi Sakai
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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3
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Accogli T, Hibos C, Vegran F. Canonical and non-canonical functions of NLRP3. J Adv Res 2023; 53:137-151. [PMID: 36610670 PMCID: PMC10658328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its discovery, NLRP3 is almost never separated from its major role in the protein complex it forms with ASC, NEK7 and Caspase-1, the inflammasome. This key component of the innate immune response mediates the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 involved in immune response to microbial infection and cellular damage. However, NLRP3 has also other functions that do not involve the inflammasome assembly nor the innate immune response. These non-canonical functions have been poorly studied. Nevertheless, NLRP3 is associated with different kind of diseases probably through its inflammasome dependent function as through its inflammasome independent functions. AIM OF THE REVIEW The study and understanding of the canonical and non-canonical functions of NLRP3 can help to better understand its involvement in various pathologies. In parallel, the description of the mechanisms of action and regulation of its various functions, can allow the identification of new therapeutic strategies. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF THE REVIEW NLRP3 functions have mainly been studied in the context of the inflammasome, in myeloid cells and in totally deficient transgenic mice. However, for several year, the work of different teams has proven that NLRP3 is also expressed in other cell types where it has functions that are independent of the inflammasome. If these studies suggest that NLRP3 could play different roles in the cytoplasm or the nucleus of the cells, the mechanisms underlying NLRP3 non-canonical functions remain unclear. This is why we propose in this review an inventory of the canonical and non-canonical functions of NLRP3 and their impact in different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Accogli
- Faculté des Sciences de Santé- University of Burgundy, Dijon 21000, FRANCE; CAdIR Team - Centre de Recherche INSERM - UMR 1231, Dijon 21000, FRANCE
| | - Christophe Hibos
- Faculté des Sciences de Santé- University of Burgundy, Dijon 21000, FRANCE; CAdIR Team - Centre de Recherche INSERM - UMR 1231, Dijon 21000, FRANCE; Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, FRANCE
| | - Frédérique Vegran
- Faculté des Sciences de Santé- University of Burgundy, Dijon 21000, FRANCE; CAdIR Team - Centre de Recherche INSERM - UMR 1231, Dijon 21000, FRANCE; Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors - Centre anticancéreux GF Leclerc, Dijon 21000, FRANCE.
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4
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Cho S, Ying F, Sweeney G. Sterile inflammation and the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiometabolic disease. Biomed J 2023; 46:100624. [PMID: 37336361 PMCID: PMC10539878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases. Sterile inflammation, a non-infectious and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-induced innate response, is now well-established to be closely associated with development and progression of cardiometabolic diseases. The NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is well-established as a major player in sterile inflammatory responses. It is a multimeric cytosolic protein complex which regulates the activation of caspase-1 and subsequently promotes cleavage and release of interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines, which have a deleterious impact on the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, targeting NLRP3 itself or the downstream consequences of NLRP3 activation represent excellent potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review our current understanding of the role which NLRP3 inflammasome regulation plays in cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Finally, we highlight the potential of targeting NLPR3 or related signaling molecules as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungji Cho
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fan Ying
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Alam MA, Caocci M, Ren M, Chen Z, Liu F, Khatun MS, Kolls JK, Qin X, Burdo TH. Deficiency of Caspase-1 Attenuates HIV-1-Associated Atherogenesis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12871. [PMID: 37629052 PMCID: PMC10454548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Within arterial plaque, HIV infection creates a state of inflammation and immune activation, triggering NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome, tissue damage, and monocyte/macrophage infiltration. Previously, we documented that caspase-1 activation in myeloid cells was linked with HIV-associated atherosclerosis in mice and people with HIV. Here, we mechanistically examined the direct effect of caspase-1 on HIV-associated atherosclerosis. Caspase-1-deficient (Casp-1-/-) mice were crossed with HIV-1 transgenic (Tg26+/-) mice with an atherogenic ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) background to create global caspase-1-deficient mice (Tg26+/-/ApoE-/-/Casp-1-/-). Caspase-1-sufficient (Tg26+/-/ApoE-/-/Casp-1+/+) mice served as the controls. Next, we created chimeric hematopoietic cell-deficient mice by reconstituting irradiated ApoE-/- mice with bone marrow cells transplanted from Tg26+/-/ApoE-/-/Casp-1-/- (BMT Casp-1-/-) or Tg26+/-/ApoE-/-/Casp-1+/+ (BMT Casp-1+/+) mice. Global caspase-1 knockout in mice suppressed plaque deposition in the thoracic aorta, serum IL-18 levels, and ex vivo foam cell formation. The deficiency of caspase-1 in hematopoietic cells resulted in reduced atherosclerotic plaque burden in the whole aorta and aortic root, which was associated with reduced macrophage infiltration. Transcriptomic analyses of peripheral mononuclear cells and splenocytes indicated that caspase-1 deficiency inhibited caspase-1 pathway-related genes. These results document the critical atherogenic role of caspase-1 in chronic HIV infection and highlight the implication of this pathway and peripheral immune activation in HIV-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afaque Alam
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (M.A.A.); (M.R.); (Z.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Maurizio Caocci
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for NeuroVirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
| | - Mi Ren
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (M.A.A.); (M.R.); (Z.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (M.A.A.); (M.R.); (Z.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Fengming Liu
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (M.A.A.); (M.R.); (Z.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mst Shamima Khatun
- Departments of Pediatrics & Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.S.K.); (J.K.K.)
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Departments of Pediatrics & Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (M.S.K.); (J.K.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (M.A.A.); (M.R.); (Z.C.); (F.L.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tricia H. Burdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for NeuroVirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
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Hsu CC, Fidler TP, Kanter JE, Kothari V, Kramer F, Tang J, Tall AR, Bornfeldt KE. Hematopoietic NLRP3 and AIM2 Inflammasomes Promote Diabetes-Accelerated Atherosclerosis, but Increased Necrosis Is Independent of Pyroptosis. Diabetes 2023; 72:999-1011. [PMID: 37083999 PMCID: PMC10281813 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Serum apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) predicts incident cardiovascular events in people with type 1 diabetes, and silencing of APOC3 prevents both lesion initiation and advanced lesion necrotic core expansion in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. APOC3 acts by slowing the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, but lipid-free APOC3 has recently been reported to activate an inflammasome pathway in monocytes. We therefore investigated the contribution of hematopoietic inflammasome pathways to atherosclerosis in mouse models of type 1 diabetes. LDL receptor-deficient diabetes mouse models were transplanted with bone marrow from donors deficient in NOD, LRR and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) or gasdermin D (GSDMD), an inflammasome-induced executor of pyroptotic cell death. Mice with diabetes exhibited inflammasome activation and consistently, increased plasma interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Hematopoietic deletions of NLRP3, AIM2, or GSDMD caused smaller atherosclerotic lesions in diabetic mice. The increased lesion necrotic core size in diabetic mice was independent of macrophage pyroptosis because hematopoietic GSDMD deficiency failed to prevent necrotic core expansion in advanced lesions. Our findings demonstrate that AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes contribute to atherogenesis in diabetes and suggest that necrotic core expansion is independent of macrophage pyroptosis. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS The contribution of hematopoietic cell inflammasome activation to atherosclerosis associated with type 1 diabetes is unknown. The goal of this study was to address whether hematopoietic NOD, LRR, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasomes, or the pyroptosis executioner gasdermin D (GSDMD) contributes to atherosclerosis in mouse models of type 1 diabetes. Diabetic mice exhibited increased inflammasome activation, with hematopoietic deletions of NLRP3, AIM2, or GSDMD causing smaller atherosclerotic lesions in diabetic mice, but the increased lesion necrotic core size in diabetic mice was independent of macrophage pyroptosis. Further studies on whether inflammasome activation contributes to cardiovascular complications in people with type 1 diabetes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chieh Hsu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Trevor P. Fidler
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jenny E. Kanter
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Farah Kramer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Alan R. Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Karin E. Bornfeldt
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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7
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Bauer S, Hezinger L, Rexhepi F, Ramanathan S, Kufer TA. NOD-like Receptors-Emerging Links to Obesity and Associated Morbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108595. [PMID: 37239938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic morbidities have been and still are on the rise, posing a major challenge to health care systems worldwide. It has become evident over the last decades that a low-grade inflammatory response, primarily proceeding from the adipose tissue (AT), essentially contributes to adiposity-associated comorbidities, most prominently insulin resistance (IR), atherosclerosis and liver diseases. In mouse models, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β and the imprinting of immune cells to a pro-inflammatory phenotype in AT play an important role. However, the underlying genetic and molecular determinants are not yet understood in detail. Recent evidence demonstrates that nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family proteins, a group of cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRR), contribute to the development and control of obesity and obesity-associated inflammatory responses. In this article, we review the current state of research on the role of NLR proteins in obesity and discuss the possible mechanisms leading to and the outcomes of NLR activation in the obesity-associated morbidities IR, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and discuss emerging ideas about possibilities for NLR-based therapeutic interventions of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bauer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lucy Hezinger
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Fjolla Rexhepi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
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8
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Martins GL, Ferreira CN, Palotás A, Rocha NP, Reis HJ. Role of Oxysterols in the Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Potential Pharmacological Approach in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:202-212. [PMID: 35339182 PMCID: PMC10190144 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220327215245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is a complex clinical condition with multifactorial origin posing a major burden to health care systems across the world. Even though the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease are still unclear, both central and peripheral inflammation has been implicated in the process. Piling evidence shows that the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is activated in AD. As dyslipidemia is a risk factor for dementia, and cholesterol can also activate the inflammasome, a possible link between lipid levels and the NLRP3 inflammasome has been proposed in Alzheimer's. It is also speculated that not only cholesterol but also its metabolites, the oxysterols, may be involved in AD pathology. In this context, mounting data suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome activity can be modulated by different peripheral nuclear receptors, including liver-X receptors, which present oxysterols as endogenous ligands. In light of this, the current review explores whether the activation of NLRP3 by nuclear receptors, mediated by oxysterols, may also be involved in AD and could serve as a potential pharmacological avenue in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela L. Martins
- Laboratório Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte MG, 31270 - 901, Brazil
| | | | - András Palotás
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Asklepios Med, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Natália P. Rocha
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helton J. Reis
- Laboratório Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte MG, 31270 - 901, Brazil
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9
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González L, Rivera K, Andia ME, Martínez Rodriguez G. The IL-1 Family and Its Role in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:17. [PMID: 36613465 PMCID: PMC9820551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-1 superfamily of cytokines is a central regulator of immunity and inflammation. The family is composed of 11 cytokines (with agonist, antagonist, and anti-inflammatory properties) and 10 receptors, all tightly regulated through decoy receptor, receptor antagonists, and signaling inhibitors. Inflammation not only is an important physiological response against infection and injury but also plays a central role in atherosclerosis development. Several clinical association studies along with experimental studies have implicated the IL-1 superfamily of cytokines and its receptors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Here, we summarize the key features of the IL-1 family, its role in immunity and disease, and how it helps shape the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia González
- Centro de Imágenes Biomédicas—Departamento de Radiología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 3580000, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Ingeniería e Inteligencia Artificial Para la Salud, iHEALTH, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Katherine Rivera
- Centro de Imágenes Biomédicas—Departamento de Radiología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 3580000, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 3580000, Chile
| | - Marcelo E. Andia
- Centro de Imágenes Biomédicas—Departamento de Radiología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 3580000, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Ingeniería e Inteligencia Artificial Para la Salud, iHEALTH, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Martínez Rodriguez
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 3580000, Chile
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10
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May L, Bartolo B, Harrison D, Guzik T, Drummond G, Figtree G, Ritchie R, Rye KA, de Haan J. Translating atherosclerosis research from bench to bedside: navigating the barriers for effective preclinical drug discovery. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1731-1758. [PMID: 36459456 PMCID: PMC9727216 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. An ongoing challenge remains the development of novel pharmacotherapies to treat CVD, particularly atherosclerosis. Effective mechanism-informed development and translation of new drugs requires a deep understanding of the known and currently unknown biological mechanisms underpinning atherosclerosis, accompanied by optimization of traditional drug discovery approaches. Current animal models do not precisely recapitulate the pathobiology underpinning human CVD. Accordingly, a fundamental limitation in early-stage drug discovery has been the lack of consensus regarding an appropriate experimental in vivo model that can mimic human atherosclerosis. However, when coupled with a clear understanding of the specific advantages and limitations of the model employed, preclinical animal models remain a crucial component for evaluating pharmacological interventions. Within this perspective, we will provide an overview of the mechanisms and modalities of atherosclerotic drugs, including those in the preclinical and early clinical development stage. Additionally, we highlight recent preclinical models that have improved our understanding of atherosclerosis and associated clinical consequences and propose model adaptations to facilitate the development of new and effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - David G. Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, U.S.A
| | - Tomasz Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, U.K
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gemma A. Figtree
- Kolling Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Imaging and Phenotyping Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Judy B. de Haan
- Cardiovascular Inflammation and Redox Biology Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Department Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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11
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Luo X, Weng X, Bao X, Bai X, Lv Y, Zhang S, Chen Y, Zhao C, Zeng M, Huang J, Xu B, Johnson TW, White SJ, Li J, Jia H, Yu B. A novel anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of quercetin: Competitive binding to KEAP1 via Arg483 to inhibit macrophage pyroptosis. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102511. [PMID: 36274522 PMCID: PMC9596875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants represented by quercetin have been documented to be effective against atherosclerosis. However, the related mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, we identified a novel anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of quercetin inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis by activating NRF2 through binding to the Arg483 site of KEAP1 competitively. In ApoE-/- mice fed with high fat diet, quercetin administration attenuated atherosclerosis progression by reducing oxidative stress level and suppressing macrophage pyroptosis. At the cellular level, quercetin suppressed THP-1 macrophage pyroptosis induced by ox-LDL, demonstrated by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reducing ROS level, while these effects were reversed by the specific NRF2 inhibitor (ML385). Mechanistically, quercetin promoted NRF2 to dissociate from KEAP1, enhanced NRF2 nuclear translocation as well as transcription of downstream antioxidant protein. Molecular docking results suggested that quercetin could bind with KEAP1 at Arg415 and Arg483. In order to verify the binding sites, KEAP1 mutated at Arg415 and Arg483 to Ser (R415S and R483S) was transfected into THP-1 macrophages, and the anti-pyroptotic effect of quercetin was abrogated by Arg483 mutation, but not Arg415 mutation. Furthermore, after administration of adeno associated viral vector (AAV) with AAV-KEAP1-R483S, the anti-atherosclerotic effects of quercetin were almost abolished in ApoE-/- mice. These findings proved quercetins suppressed macrophage pyroptosis by targeting KEAP1/NRF2 interaction, and provided reliable data on the underlying mechanism of natural antioxidants to protect against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Xiuzhu Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Yuwu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Jianxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Biyi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Thomas W Johnson
- Department of Cardiology, Bristol Heart Institute, Upper Maudlin St., Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Stephen J White
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
| | - Haibo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, PR China
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12
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Xue C, Chen Q, Bian L, Yin Z, Xu Z, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wang C, Du R, Fan L. The relationships between cholesterol crystals, NLRP3 inflammasome, and coronary atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in acute coronary syndrome: An optical coherence tomography study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:905363. [PMID: 36386333 PMCID: PMC9640760 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.905363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol crystals (CCs) in lesions are the hallmark of advanced atherosclerotic plaque. Previous studies have demonstrated that CCs could activate NLRP3 inflammasome, which played an important role in atherosclerotic lesion progression. However, the relationship between CCs, NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, and plaque vulnerability in patients with ACS is still not elucidated. METHODS Two hundred sixty-nine consecutive acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with 269 culprit lesions were included in this study. CCs and other plaque characteristics within the culprit lesion segment were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The NLRP3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and other biological indices were measured. RESULTS Cholesterol crystals were observed in 105 (39%) patients with 105 culprit lesions. There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics between the patients with CCs (CCs group, n = 105) and the patients without CCs (non-CCs group, n = 164) within the culprit lesion segment except for lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. The CCs group had a higher level of NLRP3 mRNA expression in PBMCs and higher levels of serum cytokine IL-1β and IL-18. OCT showed that the CCs group had longer lesion length, more severe diameter stenosis, and less minimum luminal area (MLA) than the non-CCs group (all p < 0.05). The frequency of thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thrombus, accumulation of macrophages, plaque rupture, micro-channel, calcification, spotty calcification, and layered plaque was higher in the CCs group than in the non-CCs groups (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the level of NLRP3 expression (OR = 10.204), IL-1β levels (OR = 3.523), IL-18 levels (OR = 1.006), TCFA (OR = 3.593), layered plaque (OR = 5.287), MLA (OR = 1.475), macrophage accumulation (OR = 2.881), and micro-channel (OR = 3.185) were independently associated with CCs. CONCLUSION Acute coronary syndrome patients with CCs in culprit lesions had a higher expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18, and had more vulnerable plaque characteristics than patients without CCs. CCs might have interacted with NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with ACS, which could contribute to plaque vulnerability in culprit lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qizhi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaofang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuojun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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González L, Bulnes JF, Orellana MP, Muñoz Venturelli P, Martínez Rodriguez G. The Role of Colchicine in Atherosclerosis: From Bench to Bedside. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071395. [PMID: 35890291 PMCID: PMC9323936 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key feature of atherosclerosis. The inflammatory process is involved in all stages of disease progression, from the early formation of plaque to its instability and disruption, leading to clinical events. This strongly suggests that the use of anti-inflammatory agents might improve both atherosclerosis progression and cardiovascular outcomes. Colchicine, an alkaloid derived from the flower Colchicum autumnale, has been used for years in the treatment of inflammatory pathologies, including Gout, Mediterranean Fever, and Pericarditis. Colchicine is known to act over microtubules, inducing depolymerization, and over the NLRP3 inflammasome, which might explain its known anti-inflammatory properties. Recent evidence has shown the therapeutic potential of colchicine in the management of atherosclerosis and its complications, with limited adverse effects. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding colchicine mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetics, as well as the available evidence on the use of colchicine for the treatment of coronary artery disease, covering basic, translational, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia González
- Centro de Imágenes Biomédicas, Departamento de Radiología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Instituto Milenio de Ingeniería e Inteligencia Artificial para la Salud, iHEALTH, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Juan Francisco Bulnes
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (J.F.B.); (M.P.O.)
| | - María Paz Orellana
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (J.F.B.); (M.P.O.)
| | - Paula Muñoz Venturelli
- Centro de Estudios Clínicos, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile;
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Gonzalo Martínez Rodriguez
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (J.F.B.); (M.P.O.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Liao Y, Liu K, Zhu L. Emerging Roles of Inflammasomes in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834289. [PMID: 35464402 PMCID: PMC9021369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are known as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As an innate immune signaling complex, inflammasomes can be activated by various cardiovascular risk factors and regulate the activation of caspase-1 and the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. Accumulating evidence supports that inflammasomes play a pivotal role in the progression of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. The best-known inflammasomes are NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasomes, among which NLRP3 inflammasome is the most widely studied in the immune response and disease development. This review focuses on the activation and regulation mechanism of inflammasomes, the role of inflammasomes in cardiovascular diseases, and the research progress of targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β for related disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Liao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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15
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Lu N, Cheng W, Liu D, Liu G, Cui C, Feng C, Wang X. NLRP3-Mediated Inflammation in Atherosclerosis and Associated Therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:823387. [PMID: 35493086 PMCID: PMC9045366 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.823387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a crucial constituent of the body’s innate immune system, and a multiprotein platform which is initiated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Its activation leads to caspase-1 maturation and release of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, and subsequently causes pyroptosis. Recently, the excess activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been confirmed to mediate inflammatory responses and to participate in genesis and development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the progress on the discovery of specific inhibitors against the NLRP3 inflammasome and the upstream and downstream inflammatory factors has become potential targets for clinical treatment. Here we review the recently described mechanisms about the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and discuss emphatically the pharmacological interventions using statins and natural medication for atherosclerosis associated with NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Weijia Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dongling Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Can Cui
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chaoli Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xianwei Wang,
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16
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Hoebinger C, Rajcic D, Hendrikx T. Oxidized Lipids: Common Immunogenic Drivers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:824481. [PMID: 35083304 PMCID: PMC8784685 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.824481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ranging from simple steatosis to inflammatory steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, continues to rise, making it one of the major chronic liver diseases and indications for liver transplantation worldwide. The pathological processes underlying NAFLD not only affect the liver but are also likely to have systemic effects. In fact, growing evidence indicates that patients with NAFLD are at increased risk for developing atherosclerosis. Indeed, cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Here, we aim to address common pathophysiological molecular pathways involved in chronic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. In particular, we focus on the role of oxidized lipids and the formation of oxidation-specific epitopes, which are important targets of host immunity. Acting as metabolic danger signals, they drive pro-inflammatory processes and thus contribute to disease progression. Finally, we summarize encouraging studies indicating that oxidized lipids are promising immunological targets to improve intervention strategies for NAFLD and potentially limit the risk of developing atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Hoebinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Klinisches Institut für Labormedizin (KILM), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Klinisches Institut für Labormedizin (KILM), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Hendrikx
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Klinisches Institut für Labormedizin (KILM), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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17
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Jiang C, Xie S, Yang G, Wang N. Spotlight on NLRP3 Inflammasome: Role in Pathogenesis and Therapies of Atherosclerosis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 14:7143-7172. [PMID: 34992411 PMCID: PMC8711145 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s344730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an intricate biological response of body tissues to detrimental stimuli. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, and inflammation is well documented to play a role in the development of CVD, especially atherosclerosis (AS). Emerging evidence suggests that activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family and the pyridine-containing domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is instrumental in inflammation and may result in AS. The NLRP3 inflammasome acts as a molecular platform that triggers the activation of caspase-1 and the cleavage of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β, pro-IL-18, and gasdermin D (GSDMD). The cleaved GSDMD forms pores in the cell membrane and initiates pyroptosis, inducing cell death and the discharge of intracellular pro-inflammatory factors. Hence, the NLRP3 inflammasome is a promising target for anti-inflammatory therapy against AS. In this review, we systematically summarized the current understanding of the activation mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome, and the pathological changes in AS involving NLRP3. We also discussed potential therapeutic strategies targeting NLRP3 inflammasome to combat AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunteng Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Santuan Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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18
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Sharma BR, Kanneganti TD. NLRP3 inflammasome in cancer and metabolic diseases. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:550-559. [PMID: 33707781 PMCID: PMC8132572 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 171.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric cytosolic protein complex that assembles in response to cellular perturbations. This assembly leads to the activation of caspase-1, which promotes maturation and release of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, as well as inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). The inflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of systemic low-grade inflammation, and aberrant NLRP3 activation can drive a chronic inflammatory state in the body to modulate the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated diseases. Therefore, targeting NLRP3 or other signaling molecules downstream, such as caspase-1, IL-1β or IL-18, has the potential for great therapeutic benefit. However, NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory cytokines play dual roles in mediating human disease. While they are detrimental in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and metabolic diseases, they have a beneficial role in numerous infectious diseases and some cancers. Therefore, fine tuning of NLRP3 inflammasome activity is essential for maintaining proper cellular homeostasis and health. In this Review, we will cover the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its divergent roles in the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes and obesity, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA,Correspondence to: Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, MS #351, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis TN 38105-3678, Tel: (901) 595-3634; Fax. (901) 595-5766.,
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19
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Sharma A, Choi JSY, Stefanovic N, Al-Sharea A, Simpson DS, Mukhamedova N, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Murphy AJ, Sviridov D, Vince JE, Ritchie RH, de Haan JB. Specific NLRP3 Inhibition Protects Against Diabetes-Associated Atherosclerosis. Diabetes 2021; 70:772-787. [PMID: 33323396 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade persistent inflammation is a feature of diabetes-driven vascular complications, in particular activation of the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome to trigger the maturation and release of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). We investigated whether inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome, through the use of the specific small-molecule NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950, could reduce inflammation, improve vascular function, and protect against diabetes-associated atherosclerosis in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic apolipoprotein E-knockout mouse. Diabetes led to an approximately fourfold increase in atherosclerotic lesions throughout the aorta, which were significantly attenuated with MCC950 (P < 0.001). This reduction in lesions was associated with decreased monocyte-macrophage content, reduced necrotic core, attenuated inflammatory gene expression (IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, intracellular adhesion molecule 1, and MCP-1; P < 0.05), and reduced oxidative stress, while maintaining fibrous cap thickness. Additionally, vascular function was improved in diabetic vessels of mice treated with MCC950 (P < 0.05). In a range of cell lines (murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, human monocytic THP-1 cells, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-differentiated human macrophages, and aortic smooth muscle cells from humans with diabetes), MCC950 significantly reduced IL-1β and/or caspase-1 secretion and attenuated leukocyte-smooth muscle cell interactions under high glucose or lipopolysaccharide conditions. In summary, MCC950 reduces plaque development, promotes plaque stability, and improves vascular function, suggesting that targeting NLRP3-mediated inflammation is a novel therapeutic strategy to improve diabetes-associated vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpeeta Sharma
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy S Y Choi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nada Stefanovic
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annas Al-Sharea
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel S Simpson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James E Vince
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Liu B, Yu J. Anti-NLRP3 Inflammasome Natural Compounds: An Update. Biomedicines 2021; 9:136. [PMID: 33535473 PMCID: PMC7912743 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat related (NLR) family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that recognizes various danger or stress signals from pathogens, the host, and the environment, leading to activation of caspase-1 and inducing inflammatory responses. This pro-inflammatory protein complex plays critical roles in pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, intensive efforts have been devoted to understanding its activation mechanisms and to searching for its specific inhibitors. Approximately forty natural compounds with anti-NLRP3 inflammasome properties have been identified. Here, we provide an update about new natural compounds that have been identified within the last three years to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and offer an overview of the underlying molecular mechanisms of their anti-NLRP3 inflammasome activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiujiu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
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Takahashi M. NLRP3 inflammasome as a key driver of vascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:372-385. [PMID: 33483732 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3) is an intracellular innate immune receptor that recognizes a diverse range of stimuli derived from pathogens, damaged or dead cells, and irritants. NLRP3 activation causes the assembly of a large multiprotein complex termed the NLRP3 inflammasome, and leads to the secretion of bioactive interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 as well as the induction of inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the pathogenesis of sterile inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. Indeed, the results of the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) trial demonstrated that IL-1β-mediated inflammation plays an important role in atherothrombotic events and suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome is a key driver of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in vascular diseases, in particular in atherosclerosis, vascular injury, aortic aneurysm, and Kawasaki disease vasculitis, and discuss NLRP3 inflammasome as a therapeutic target for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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22
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Di Gioia M, Zanoni I. Dooming Phagocyte Responses: Inflammatory Effects of Endogenous Oxidized Phospholipids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:626842. [PMID: 33790857 PMCID: PMC8005915 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.626842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous oxidized phospholipids are produced during tissue stress and are responsible for sustaining inflammatory responses in immune as well as non-immune cells. Their local and systemic production and accumulation is associated with the etiology and progression of several inflammatory diseases, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie the biological activities of these oxidized phospholipids remain elusive. Increasing evidence highlights the ability of these stress mediators to modulate cellular metabolism and pro-inflammatory signaling in phagocytes, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and to alter the activation and polarization of these cells. Because these immune cells serve a key role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and organ function, understanding how endogenous oxidized lipids reshape phagocyte biology and function is vital for designing clinical tools and interventions for preventing, slowing down, or resolving chronic inflammatory disorders that are driven by phagocyte dysfunction. Here, we discuss the metabolic and signaling processes elicited by endogenous oxidized lipids and outline new hypotheses and models to elucidate the impact of these lipids on phagocytes and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Gioia
- Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ivan Zanoni,
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Truong R, Thankam FG, Agrawal DK. Immunological mechanisms underlying sterile inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: potential sites for intervention. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 17:37-50. [PMID: 33280442 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1860757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Innate and adaptive immunity play a critical role in the underlying pathological mechanisms of atherosclerosis and potential target sites of sterile inflammation open opportunities to develop novel therapeutics. In response to oxidized LDL in the intimal layer, T cell subsets are recruited and activated at the site of atheroma to upregulate pro-atherogenic cytokines which exacerbate plaque formation instability.Areas covered: A systematic search of PubMed and the Web of Science was performed between January 2001- September 2020 and relevant articles in sterile inflammation and atherosclerosis were critically reviewed. The original information was collected on the interconnection between danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) as the mediators of sterile inflammation and the receptor complex of CD36-TLR4-TLR6 that primes and activates inflammasomes in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Mediators of sterile inflammation are identified to target therapeutic strategies in the management of atherosclerosis.Expert opinion: Sterile inflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome is perpetuated by the activation of IL-1β and IL-18 and induction of pyroptosis resulting in the release of additional inflammatory cytokines and DAMPs. Challenges with current inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome lie in the specificity, stability, and efficacy in targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome constituents without ameliorating upstream or downstream responses necessary for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Truong
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
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Mutual Interplay of Host Immune System and Gut Microbiota in the Immunopathology of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228729. [PMID: 33227973 PMCID: PMC7699263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the key for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence has revealed that an altered gut microbiome (dysbiosis) triggers both local and systemic inflammation to cause chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. There have been some microbiome-relevant pro-inflammatory mechanisms proposed to link the relationships between dysbiosis and atherosclerosis such as gut permeability disruption, trigger of innate immunity from lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and generation of proatherogenic metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Meanwhile, immune responses, such as inflammasome activation and cytokine production, could reshape both composition and function of the microbiota. In fact, the immune system delicately modulates the interplay between microbiota and atherogenesis. Recent clinical trials have suggested the potential of immunomodulation as a treatment strategy of atherosclerosis. Here in this review, we present current knowledge regarding to the roles of microbiota in contributing atherosclerotic pathogenesis and highlight translational perspectives by discussing the mutual interplay between microbiota and immune system on atherogenesis.
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Stitham J, Rodriguez-Velez A, Zhang X, Jeong SJ, Razani B. Inflammasomes: a preclinical assessment of targeting in atherosclerosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:825-844. [PMID: 32757967 PMCID: PMC7554266 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1795831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammasomes are central to atherosclerotic vascular dysfunction with regulatory effects on inflammation, immune modulation, and lipid metabolism. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical catalyst for atherogenesis thus highlighting its importance in understanding the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and for the identification of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. AREAS COVERED This review includes an overview of macrophage lipid metabolism and the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activity in cardiovascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. We highlight key activators, signal transducers and major regulatory components that are being considered as putative therapeutic targets for inhibition of NLRP3-mediated cardiovascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. EXPERT OPINION NLRP3 inflammasome activity lies at the nexus between inflammation and cholesterol metabolism; it offers unique opportunities for understanding atherosclerotic pathophysiology and identifying novel modes of treatment. As such, a host of NLRP3 signaling cascade components have been identified as putative targets for drug development. We catalog these current discoveries in therapeutic targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome and, utilizing the CANTOS trial as the translational (bench-to-bedside) archetype, we examine the complexities, challenges, and ultimate goals facing the field of atherosclerosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Stitham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Astrid Rodriguez-Velez
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO
| | - Se-Jin Jeong
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO
| | - Babak Razani
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO
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Jiang S, Xiao H, Wu Z, Yang Z, Ding B, Jin Z, Yang Y. NLRP3 sparks the Greek fire in the war against lipid-related diseases. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13045. [PMID: 32390276 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the obesity rate worldwide has reached epidemic proportions and contributed to the growing prevalence of lipid-related diseases. A strong link between inflammation and metabolism is becoming increasingly evident. Compelling evidence has indicated the activation of the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a cytoplasmic complex containing multiple proteins, in a variety of lipid-related diseases including obesity, atherosclerosis, liver diseases, and type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have further clarified the regulatory mechanisms and the optional therapeutic agents that target NLRP3 inflammasomes. In this study, we review the recent progress in the research on NLRP3 inflammasomes and discuss their implications for a better understanding of inflammation in lipid-related disease and the prospects of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoxiang Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Liaqat A, Asad M, Shoukat F, Khan AU. A Spotlight on the Underlying Activation Mechanisms of the NLRP3 Inflammasome and its Role in Atherosclerosis: A Review. Inflammation 2020; 43:2011-2020. [PMID: 32656610 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The world's number one cause of death is cardiovascular diseases. The pathogenesis of different disease entities in the cardiovascular disease spectrum is complicated and multifactorial. Inflammation in these complicated etiologies serves as a key position and is a significant cause of atherosclerosis, which contributes to the underlying pathology. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of inflammatory pathways in patients with cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis enhances cardiovascular results. Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes engaged in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and activated by multiple danger signals. Emerging proof has revealed that Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which regulates caspase-1 activation and later pro-interleukin processing, triggers inflammatory reactions in the vascular wall and leads to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Inflammasome-mediated signaling interference could decrease inflammation and mitigate illness severity. In this section, we provide an overview of the present literature on the underlying mechanisms leading to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the progression of atherogenesis and highlight the possibility of therapeutic interventions due to mechanisms involved in the of inhibition of NLRP3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Liaqat
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Shoukat
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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MLKL Aggravates Ox-LDL-Induced Cell Pyroptosis via Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Inflammation 2020; 43:2222-2231. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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Baragetti A, Catapano AL, Magni P. Multifactorial Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome: Relevance for a Precision Approach to Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4459. [PMID: 32585928 PMCID: PMC7352274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation, through the specific activation of the NACHT leucine-rich repeat- and PYD-containing (NLRP)3 inflammasome-interleukin (IL)-1β pathway, is an important contributor to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), being triggered by intracellular cholesterol accumulation within cells. Within this pathological context, this complex pathway is activated by a number of factors, such as unhealthy nutrition, altered gut and oral microbiota, and elevated cholesterol itself. Moreover, evidence from autoinflammatory diseases, like psoriasis and others, which are also associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, suggests that variants of NLRP3 pathway-related genes (like NLRP3 itself, caspase recruitment domain-containing protein (CARD)8, caspase-1 and IL-1β) may carry gain-of-function mutations leading, in some individuals, to a constitutive pro-inflammatory pattern. Indeed, some reports have recently associated the presence of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on such genes with greater ASCVD prevalence. Based on these observations, a potential effective strategy in this context may be the identification of carriers of these NLRP3-related SNPs, to generate a genomic score, potentially useful for a better CVD risk prediction, and, possibly, for personalized therapeutic approaches targeted to the NLRP3-IL-1β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baragetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (A.L.C.)
- SISA, Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (A.L.C.)
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Magni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (A.L.C.)
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, 20099 Milan, Italy
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30
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Mullis C, Swartz TH. NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling as a Link Between HIV-1 Infection and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:95. [PMID: 32596261 PMCID: PMC7301651 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
36.9 million people worldwide are living with HIV-1. The disease remains incurable and HIV-infected patients have increased risk of atherosclerosis. Inflammation is a key driver of atherosclerosis, but no targeted molecular therapies have been developed to reduce cardiovascular risk in people with HIV-1 (PWH). While the mechanism is unknown, there are several important inflammatory signaling events that are implicated in the development of chronic inflammation in PWH and in the inflammatory changes that lead to atherosclerosis. Here we describe the pro-inflammatory state of HIV-1 infection that leads to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, the role of the NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in HIV-1 infection, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular disease (CVD), and outline a model whereby HIV-1 infection can lead to atherosclerotic disease through NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our discussion highlights the literature supporting HIV-1 infection as a stimulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome as a driver of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mullis
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Talia H Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Koushki K, Shahbaz SK, Mashayekhi K, Sadeghi M, Zayeri ZD, Taba MY, Banach M, Al-Rasadi K, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Anti-inflammatory Action of Statins in Cardiovascular Disease: the Role of Inflammasome and Toll-Like Receptor Pathways. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 60:175-199. [PMID: 32378144 PMCID: PMC7985098 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one type of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in which activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways is implicated. One of the most effective treatments for atherosclerosis is the use of statin medications. Recent studies have indicated that statins, in addition to their lipid-lowering effects, exert inhibitory and/or stimulatory effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLRs. Some of the statins lead to activation of the inflammasome and subsequently cause secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Thus, these actions may further aggravate the disease. On the other hand, some statins cause inhibition of the inflammasome or TLRs and along with lipid-lowering, help to improve the disease by reducing inflammation. In this article, we discuss these contradictory studies and the mechanisms of action of statins on the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR pathways. The dose-dependent effects of statins on the NLRP3 complex are related to their chemistry, pharmacokinetic properties, and danger signals. Lipophilic statins have more pleiotropic effects on the NLRP3 complex in comparison to hydrophilic statins. Statins can suppress TLR4/MyD88/NF-ĸB signaling and cause an immune response shift to an anti-inflammatory response. Furthermore, statins inhibit the NF-ĸB pathway by decreasing the expression of TLRs 2 and 4. Statins are cost-effective drugs, which should have a continued future in the treatment of atherosclerosis due to both their immune-modulating and lipid-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Koushki
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kazem Mashayekhi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahvash Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeinab Deris Zayeri
- Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Khalid Al-Rasadi
- Medical Research Centre, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Abbate A, Toldo S, Marchetti C, Kron J, Van Tassell BW, Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1 and the Inflammasome as Therapeutic Targets in Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res 2020; 126:1260-1280. [PMID: 32324502 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.315937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular sensing protein termed NLRP3 (for NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3) forms a macromolecular structure called the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a major role in inflammation, particularly in the production of IL (interleukin)-1β. IL-1β is the most studied of the IL-1 family of cytokines, including 11 members, among which are IL-1α and IL-18. Here, we summarize preclinical and clinical findings supporting the key pathogenetic role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1 cytokines in the formation, progression, and complications of atherosclerosis, in ischemic (acute myocardial infarction), and nonischemic injury to the myocardium (myocarditis) and the progression to heart failure. We also review the clinically available IL-1 inhibitors, although not currently approved for cardiovascular indications, and discuss other IL-1 inhibitors, not currently approved, as well as oral NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors currently in clinical development. Canakinumab, IL-1β antibody, prevented the recurrence of ischemic events in patients with prior acute myocardial infarction in a large phase III clinical trial, including 10 061 patients world-wide. Phase II clinical trials show promising data with anakinra, recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, in patients with ST-segment-elevation acute myocardial infarction or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Anakinra also improved outcomes in patients with pericarditis, and it is now considered standard of care as second-line treatment for patients with recurrent/refractory pericarditis. Rilonacept, a soluble IL-1 receptor chimeric fusion protein neutralizing IL-1α and IL-1β, has also shown promising results in a phase II study in recurrent/refractory pericarditis. In conclusion, there is overwhelming evidence linking the NLRP3 inflammasome and the IL-1 cytokines with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The future will likely include targeted inhibitors to block the IL-1 isoforms, and possibly oral NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, across a wide spectrum of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Abbate
- From the VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (A.A., S.T., J.K.)
| | - Stefano Toldo
- From the VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (A.A., S.T., J.K.)
| | - Carlo Marchetti
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA (C.M., C.A.D.)
| | - Jordana Kron
- From the VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (A.A., S.T., J.K.)
| | | | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA (C.M., C.A.D.)
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NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Potential Alternative Therapy Target for Atherosclerosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1561342. [PMID: 32328119 PMCID: PMC7150718 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1561342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complex and chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in multiple systems of the human body. It is an important pathological basis for a variety of diseases and a serious threat to human health. So far, many theories have been formed to explain the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, among which “inflammation theory” has gradually become a research focus. This theory presents that inflammatory response runs through the whole progress of AS, inflammatory cells play as the main executors of AS, and inflammatory mediators are the key molecules of AS. In the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis, the role of NLRP3 in the atherosclerosis has gradually got the attention of researchers. NLRP3 is a kind of signal-transductional pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). After recognizing and binding to the damage factors, NLRP3 inflammasome will be assembled to activate IL-1β and caspase-1 pathways, resulting in promoting the inflammation process of AS, reducing the stability of the plaques, and finally increasing the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. Taken above, the article will review the potential benefits of drugs targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in the therapy of AS.
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Huang S, Che J, Chu Q, Zhang P. The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Radiation-Induced Cardiovascular Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:140. [PMID: 32226786 PMCID: PMC7080656 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing risk of long-term adverse effects from radiotherapy on the cardiovascular structure is receiving increasing attention. However, the mechanisms underlying this increased risk remain poorly understood. Recently, the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing family pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was suggested to play a critical role in radiation-induced cardiovascular injury. However, the relationship between ionizing radiation and the NLRP3 inflammasome in acute and chronic inflammation is complex. We reviewed literature detailing pathological changes and molecular mechanisms associated with radiation-induced damage to the cardiovascular structure, with a specific focus on NLRP3 inflammasome-related cardiovascular diseases. We also summarized possible therapeutic strategies for the prevention of radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Che
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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35
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Chen Y, Su X, Qin Q, Yu Y, Jia M, Zhang H, Li H, Pei L. New insights into phenotypic switching of VSMCs induced by hyperhomocysteinemia: Role of endothelin-1 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 123:109758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Tajbakhsh A, Kovanen PT, Rezaee M, Banach M, Moallem SA, Sahebkar A. Regulation of efferocytosis by caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in atherosclerosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 120:105684. [PMID: 31911118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During the growing process of the atherosclerotic lesions, lipid-filled macrophage foam cells form, accumulate, and ultimately undergo apoptotic death. If the apoptotic foam cells are not timely removed, they may undergo secondary necrosis, and form a necrotic lipid core which renders the plaque unstable and susceptible to rupture. Therefore, the non-lipid-filled fellow macrophages, as the main phagocytic cells in atherosclerotic lesions, need to effectively remove the apoptotic foam cells. In general, in apoptotic macrophages, caspases are the central regulators of several key processes required for their efficient efferocytosis. The processes include the generation of "Find-Me" signals (such as adenosine triphosphate/uridine triphosphate, fractalkine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate) for the recruitment of viable macrophages, generation of the "Eat-Me" signals (for example, phosphatidylserine) for the engulfment process, and, finally, release of anti-inflammatory mediators (including transforming factor β and interleukin-10) as a tolerance-enhancing and an anti-inflammatory response, and for the motile behavior of the apoptotic cell. The caspase-dependent mechanisms are operative also in apoptotic macrophages driving the atherogenesis. In this review, we explore the role of the molecular pathways related to the caspase-dependent events in efferocytosis in the context of atherosclerosis. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms of apoptotic cell death in atherosclerotic lesions is essential when searching for new leads to treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Rezaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Satish M, Agrawal DK. Atherothrombosis and the NLRP3 inflammasome - endogenous mechanisms of inhibition. Transl Res 2020; 215:75-85. [PMID: 31469975 PMCID: PMC6889001 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study) showed the successful anti-inflammatory benefit of canakinumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) toward major cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with a previous myocardial infarction (MI). The magnitude of reduction in MACE was directly attributed to a reduction witnessed in IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) and highlighted the therapeutic potential of selectively targeting IL-1ß for atherosclerotic disease, a notion previously introduced in animal models. IL-1ß is involved in the downstream activation of the IL-6 receptor, which itself has been previously implicated as a target for atherothrombosis from Mendelian randomization studies. Further support has been garnered with the results of CIRT (Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial), which showed the inability of low-dose methotrexate to reduce IL-1ß, IL-6, or high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) in addition to MACE among patients with prior MI or multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) but with normal hsCRP levels. Therefore, elucidation of therapeutic targets against the IL-1ß pathway is of immense interest currently in treating atherothrombosis. Upstream and serving as an activator of IL-1ß lies the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome that has been well described in animal models to be activated by cholesterol crystals or hypoxia to promote cleavage and secretion of IL-1ß and IL-18 that lead to atherosclerotic deposition in arteries. Given the direct implication of an atherogenic role to the NLRP3 inflammasome in generating these cytokines, NLRP3 inhibitors are of interest with the consideration to move upstream from the initial success of anti-IL-1ß therapy. With further discussion of the existing knowledge on the proinflammatory relationship of the NLRP3 inflammasome with atherosclerosis, this review summarizes and critically evaluates the preclinical and interventional findings of endogenous NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition in attempts to elucidate anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and therapeutic targets against atherothrombosis. Further investigation focusing on the endogenous mechanisms of inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome would uncover diagnostic routes from defective means in inflammatory resolution. Specifically, pro-resolving lipid mediators, autophagy, and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation mechanisms are 3 points of worthy investigation from existing evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Satish
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California.
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Wu LM, Wu SG, Chen F, Wu Q, Wu CM, Kang CM, He X, Zhang RY, Lu ZF, Li XH, Xu YJ, Li LM, Ding L, Bai HL, Liu XH, Hu YW, Zheng L. Atorvastatin inhibits pyroptosis through the lncRNA NEXN-AS1/NEXN pathway in human vascular endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2019; 293:26-34. [PMID: 31830726 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many clinical trials have demonstrated that statins convey protective effects against atherosclerosis independent of cholesterol-lowering capacities. Other evidence indicates that pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, is likely involved in atherosclerosis, but the effects and mechanisms of statins on pyroptosis must be further revealed. METHODS Here, we explored the effects and mechanisms of atorvastatin on pyroptosis in human vascular endothelial cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. RESULTS Atorvastatin upregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NEXN-AS1 and the expression of NEXN at both the mRNA and protein levels in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Atorvastatin inhibited pyroptosis by decreasing the expression levels of the canonical inflammasome pathway biomarkers NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 at both the mRNA and protein levels. The promotion effects of atorvastatin on NEXN-AS1 and NEXN expression could be significantly abolished by knockdown of lncRNA NEXN-AS1 or NEXN, and its inhibitory effects on pyroptosis were also markedly offset by knock-down of lncRNA NEXN-AS1 or interference of NEXN. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that atorvastatin regulated pyroptosis via the lncRNA NEXN-AS1-NEXN pathway, which provides a new insight into the mechanism of how atorvastatin promotes non-lipid-lower effects against the development of atherosclerosis and gives new directions on how to reverse atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620 , China
| | - Shao-Guo Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620 , China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chang-Meng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chun-Min Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xue-Heng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li-Min Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huan-Lan Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xue-Hui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510620 , China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Kany S, Vollrath JT, Relja B. Cytokines in Inflammatory Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236008. [PMID: 31795299 PMCID: PMC6929211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 941] [Impact Index Per Article: 188.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to briefly discuss a short list of a broad variety of inflammatory cytokines. Numerous studies have implicated that inflammatory cytokines exert important effects with regard to various inflammatory diseases, yet the reports on their specific roles are not always consistent. They can be used as biomarkers to indicate or monitor disease or its progress, and also may serve as clinically applicable parameters for therapies. Yet, their precise role is not always clearly defined. Thus, in this review, we focus on the existing literature dealing with the biology of cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, IL-33, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, and IL-8. We will briefly focus on the correlations and role of these inflammatory mediators in the genesis of inflammatory impacts (e.g., shock, trauma, immune dysregulation, osteoporosis, and/or critical illness).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinwan Kany
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Department of Cardiology with Emphasis on Electrophysiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Tilmann Vollrath
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-6721395
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Pfeiler S, Winkels H, Kelm M, Gerdes N. IL-1 family cytokines in cardiovascular disease. Cytokine 2019; 122:154215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Inflammation is an important driver of atherosclerosis, the underlying pathology of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of inflammatory pathways is suggested to improve cardiovascular outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases. This concept was recently proven by CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study), which demonstrated the therapeutic potential of the monoclonal IL (interleukin)-1β-neutralizing antibody canakinumab. IL-1β and other IL-1 family cytokines are important vascular and systemic inflammatory mediators, which contribute to atherogenesis. The NLRP3 (NOD [nucleotide oligomerization domain]-, LRR [leucine-rich repeat]-, and PYD [pyrin domain]-containing protein 3) inflammasome, an innate immune signaling complex, is the key mediator of IL-1 family cytokine production in atherosclerosis. NLRP3 is activated by various endogenous danger signals abundantly present in atherosclerotic lesions, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol crystals. Consequently, NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to the vascular inflammatory response driving atherosclerosis development and progression. Here, we review the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and proinflammatory IL-1 family cytokine production in the context of atherosclerosis and discuss treatment possibilities in light of the positive outcomes of the CANTOS trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Grebe
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (A.G., F.H., E.L.)
| | - Florian Hoss
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (A.G., F.H., E.L.)
| | - Eicke Latz
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Germany (A.G., F.H., E.L.) .,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (E.L.).,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany (E.L.).,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (E.L.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- 1 Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Hubei University of Medicine Renmin Hospital Shiyan China.,2 Center for Translational Medicine Hubei University of Medicine Renmin Hospital Shiyan China
| | - Jian Fu
- 1 Laboratory of Inflammation and Vascular Biology Institute of Clinical Medicine Hubei University of Medicine Renmin Hospital Shiyan China.,2 Center for Translational Medicine Hubei University of Medicine Renmin Hospital Shiyan China
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Tall AR, Westerterp M. Inflammasomes, neutrophil extracellular traps, and cholesterol. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:721-727. [PMID: 30782961 PMCID: PMC6446695 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.s091280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of macrophage inflammasomes leads to interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 secretion and promotes atherosclerosis and its complications in mice and humans. However, the specific role and underlying mechanisms of the inflammasome in atherogenesis are topics of active research. Several studies in hyperlipidemic mouse models found that the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to atherosclerosis, but recent work suggests that a second hit, such as defective cholesterol efflux or accumulation of oxidized mitochondrial DNA, may be required for significant inflammasome activation. Cholesterol crystal uptake or formation in lysosomes may damage membranes and activate NLRP3 inflammasomes. Alternatively, plasma or ER membrane cholesterol accumulation may condition macrophages for inflammasome activation in the presence of danger-associated molecular patterns, such as oxidized LDL. Inflammasome activation in macrophages or neutrophils leads to gasdermin-D cleavage that induces membrane pore formation, releasing IL-1β and IL-18, and eventuating in pyroptosis or neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis). In humans, inflammasome activation and NETosis may contribute to atherosclerotic plaque erosion and thrombosis, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or clonal hematopoiesis. Suppression of the inflammasome by activation of cholesterol efflux or by direct inhibition of inflammasome components may benefit patients with CVD and underlying susceptibility to inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Westerterp M, Fotakis P, Ouimet M, Bochem AE, Zhang H, Molusky MM, Wang W, Abramowicz S, la Bastide-van Gemert S, Wang N, Welch CL, Reilly MP, Stroes ES, Moore KJ, Tall AR. Cholesterol Efflux Pathways Suppress Inflammasome Activation, NETosis, and Atherogenesis. Circulation 2018; 138:898-912. [PMID: 29588315 PMCID: PMC6160368 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CANTOS trial (Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study) showed that antagonism of interleukin (IL)-1β reduces coronary heart disease in patients with a previous myocardial infarction and evidence of systemic inflammation, indicating that pathways required for IL-1β secretion increase cardiovascular risk. IL-1β and IL-18 are produced via the NLRP3 inflammasome in myeloid cells in response to cholesterol accumulation, but mechanisms linking NLRP3 inflammasome activation to atherogenesis are unclear. The cholesterol transporters ATP binding cassette A1 and G1 (ABCA1/G1) mediate cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoprotein, and Abca1/g1 deficiency in myeloid cells leads to cholesterol accumulation. METHODS To interrogate mechanisms connecting inflammasome activation with atherogenesis, we used mice with myeloid Abca1/g1 deficiency and concomitant deficiency of the inflammasome components Nlrp3 or Caspase-1/11. Bone marrow from these mice was transplanted into Ldlr-/- recipients, which were fed a Western-type diet. RESULTS Myeloid Abca1/g1 deficiency increased plasma IL-18 levels in Ldlr-/- mice and induced IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in splenocytes, which was reversed by Nlrp3 or Caspase-1/11 deficiency, indicating activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Nlrp3 or Caspase-1/11 deficiency decreased atherosclerotic lesion size in myeloid Abca1/g1-deficient Ldlr-/- mice. Myeloid Abca1/g1 deficiency enhanced caspase-1 cleavage not only in splenic monocytes and macrophages, but also in neutrophils, and dramatically enhanced neutrophil accumulation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in atherosclerotic plaques, with reversal by Nlrp3 or Caspase-1/11 deficiency, suggesting that inflammasome activation promotes neutrophil recruitment and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in atherosclerotic plaques. These effects appeared to be indirectly mediated by systemic inflammation leading to activation and accumulation of neutrophils in plaques. Myeloid Abca1/g1 deficiency also activated the noncanonical inflammasome, causing increased susceptibility to lipopolysaccharide-induced mortality. Patients with Tangier disease, who carry loss-of-function mutations in ABCA1 and have increased myeloid cholesterol content, showed a marked increase in plasma IL-1β and IL-18 levels. CONCLUSIONS Cholesterol accumulation in myeloid cells activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, which enhances neutrophil accumulation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in atherosclerotic plaques. Patients with Tangier disease, who have increased myeloid cholesterol content, showed markers of inflammasome activation, suggesting human relevance.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Case-Control Studies
- Caspase 1/genetics
- Caspase 1/metabolism
- Caspases/genetics
- Caspases/metabolism
- Caspases, Initiator
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cytokines/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Traps/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammasomes/deficiency
- Inflammasomes/genetics
- Inflammasomes/metabolism
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/deficiency
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Spleen/metabolism
- Tangier Disease/blood
- Tangier Disease/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Westerterp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia
University, New York NY
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Panagiotis Fotakis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia
University, New York NY
| | - Mireille Ouimet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University
Medical Center, New York NY
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada &
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea E. Bochem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia
University, New York NY
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University
of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University,
New York NY
| | - Matthew M. Molusky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia
University, New York NY
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia
University, New York NY
| | - Sandra Abramowicz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia
University, New York NY
| | - Sacha la Bastide-van Gemert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University
Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia
University, New York NY
| | - Carrie L. Welch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Columbia
University, New York NY
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University,
New York NY
| | - Erik S. Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University
of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn J. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University
Medical Center, New York NY
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Lian Z, Lv FF, Yu J, Wang JW. The anti-inflammatory effect of microRNA-383-3p interacting with IL1R2 against homocysteine-induced endothelial injury in rat coronary arteries. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6684-6694. [PMID: 29693751 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are widely reported to be novel biomarkers involved in the process of coronary atherosclerosis (CAS). Hence, this study aims to explore the function of miR-383-3p targeting IL1R2 on inflammatory injury of coronary artery endothelial cells (CAECs) in CAS. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of miR-383-3p were analyzed in concert with the treatment of miR-383-3p mimics, miR-383-3p inhibitors, and the combination of miR-383-3p inhibitors and siRNA against IL1R2 in homocysteine (HCY)-induced CAECs. MTT, Hoechst 33258 staining, and tube formation assay were employed in order to measure cell viability, apoptosis, and tube formation, respectively. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18 were determined by ELISA. IL1R2 was verified as the target gene of miR-383-3p by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. MiR-383-3p was down-regulated in myocardial tissues of AS rats while IL1R2 was the reciprocal. The up-regulation of miR-383-3p decreased the levels of IL1R2, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 expressions, as well as cell apoptosis rate in the HCY-induced CAECs, while IL-10 expression, cell viability, and tube formation ability were increased. These results were contraindicated in the HCY-induced CAECs treated by miR-383-3p inhibitors. In conclusion, miR-383-3p mediating IL1R2 prevents HCY-induced apoptosis and inflammation injury in CAECs through the inhibition of the activation of inflammasome signaling pathway. These findings highly indicate that miR-383-3p may be beneficial in the prevention of CAS and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lian
- The First Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Feng Lv
- The First Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- The First Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wang Wang
- The First Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, P. R. China
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NLRP3: A Novel Mediator in Cardiovascular Disease. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5702103. [PMID: 29850631 PMCID: PMC5911339 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5702103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death worldwide. Inflammasome infiltration has been identified to play a central role in the pathological progression of certain cardiovascular diseases, such as vascular damage spanning atherosclerosis, aneurysm, or arteritis; ischemic heart disease; and other nonischemic heart diseases including diabetic cardiomyopathy, chronic heart failure, and hypertension- or virus-induced cardiac dysfunction. The NLRP3 inflammasome, a key participant in the innate immune response, requires both priming and activation signals for the initiation of inflammation. Piling evidence has revealed that the NLRP3 inflammasome could exert an inflammatory effect by inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL-18) or could cause pyroptosis, a novel programmed cell death process, in a caspase-1-dependent manner. The importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac disease has been broadly investigated. In this review, we present the current knowledge regarding the function of NLRP in vascular disease, ischemic heart disease, and nonischemic heart disease and discuss the potential therapeutic options targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Sharma A, Tate M, Mathew G, Vince JE, Ritchie RH, de Haan JB. Oxidative Stress and NLRP3-Inflammasome Activity as Significant Drivers of Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications: Therapeutic Implications. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29515457 PMCID: PMC5826188 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now increasingly appreciated that inflammation is not limited to the control of pathogens by the host, but rather that sterile inflammation which occurs in the absence of viral or bacterial pathogens, accompanies numerous disease states, none more so than the complications that arise as a result of hyperglycaemia. Individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1D, T2D) are at increased risk of developing cardiac and vascular complications. Glucose and blood pressure lowering therapies have not stopped the advance of these morbidities that often lead to fatal heart attacks and/or stroke. A unifying mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced cellular damage was initially proposed to link elevated blood glucose levels with oxidative stress and the dysregulation of metabolic pathways. Pre-clinical evidence has, in most cases, supported this notion. However, therapeutic strategies to lessen oxidative stress in clinical trials has not proved efficacious, most likely due to indiscriminate targeting by antioxidants such as vitamins. Recent evidence now suggests that oxidative stress is a major driver of inflammation and vice versa, with the latest findings suggesting not only a key role for inflammatory pathways underpinning metabolic and haemodynamic dysfunction in diabetes, but furthermore that these perturbations are driven by activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. This review will address these latest findings with an aim of highlighting the interconnectivity between oxidative stress, NLRP3 activation and inflammation as it pertains to cardiac and vascular injury sustained by diabetes. Current therapeutic strategies to lessen both oxidative stress and inflammation will be emphasized. This will be placed in the context of improving the burden of these diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpeeta Sharma
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geetha Mathew
- Cellular Therapies Laboratory, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James E Vince
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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48
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Pirillo A, Bonacina F, Norata GD, Catapano AL. The Interplay of Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Immunity in Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018; 20:12. [PMID: 29445885 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-018-0715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disorder of the arterial wall, in which several players contribute to the onset and progression of the disease. Besides the well-established role of lipids, specifically cholesterol, and immune cell activation, new insights on the molecular mechanisms underlying the atherogenic process have emerged. RECENT FINDINGS Meta-inflammation, a condition of low-grade immune response caused by metabolic dysregulation, immunological memory of innate immune cells (referred to as "trained immunity"), cholesterol homeostasis in dendritic cells, and immunometabolism, i.e., the interplay between immunological and metabolic processes, have all emerged as new actors during atherogenesis. These observations reinforced the interest in directly targeting inflammation to reduce cardiovascular disease. The novel acquisitions in pathophysiology of atherosclerosis reinforce the tight link between lipids, inflammation, and immune response, and support the benefit of targeting LDL-C as well as inflammation to decrease the CVD burden. How this will translate into the clinic will depend on the balance between costs (monoclonal antibodies either to PCSK9 or to IL-1ß), side effects (increased incidence of death due to infections for anti-IL-1ß antibody), and the benefits for patients at high CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan and IRCCS Multimedica, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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49
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death worldwide. The pathogenesis of various disease entities that comprise the area of CVD is complex and multifactorial. Inflammation serves a central role in these complex aetiologies. The inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes activated by danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) present in CVD such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI). After a two-step process of priming and activation, inflammasomes are responsible for the formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, inducing a signal transduction cascade resulting in a strong immune response that culminates in disease progression. In the past few years, increased interest has been raised regarding the inflammasomes in CVD. Inflammasome activation is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of various disease entities such as atherosclerosis, MI and heart failure (HF). Interference with inflammasome-mediated signalling could reduce inflammation and attenuate the severity of disease. In this chapter we provide an overview of the current literature available on the role of inflammasome inhibition as a therapeutic intervention and the possible clinical implications for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardus P J van Hout
- Department of Cardiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lena Bosch
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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50
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Baldrighi M, Mallat Z, Li X. NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2017; 267:127-138. [PMID: 29126031 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of death and disability. Atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by a chronic sterile inflammation in the large blood vessels, where lipid-derived and damage-associated molecular patterns play important roles in inciting immune responses. Following the initial demonstration that NLR family Pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) was important for atherogenesis, a substantial number of studies have emerged addressing the basic mechanisms of inflammasome activation and their relevance to atherosclerosis. In this review, we introduce the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and discuss the current findings and therapeutic strategies that target NLRP3 inflammasome activation during the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baldrighi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris, France.
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The West Forvie Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.
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