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Pivková I, Kukla J, Hnilička F, Hniličková H, Krupová D, Kuklová M. Relationship of selected properties of Cambisols to altitude and forest ecosystems of four vegetation grades. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31153. [PMID: 38807865 PMCID: PMC11130668 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, little is known about the spatial variability of significant soil properties and their relationships to forest ecosystems of different vegetation grades. This work evaluates the variability of the properties of the upper layer of Cambisol taxa and their relationship to altitude and forest ecosystems of 2nd to 5th forest vegetation grades selected in the Western Carpathians using PCA and regression analysis. The content of clay, total carbon and total nitrogen, humus, energy, and ash in the soils varied between 5.43 and 11.53 %, 21-65 mg g-1, 1.9-4.7 mg g-1, 36-112 mg g-1, 438.4-5845.7 J g-1 and 852.9-946.3 mg g-1, and C/N, pHH2O, and pHKCl values ranged between 11.2 and 16.7, 4.0-5.8 and 3.1-4.6. PCA showed that EAC in the 3rd oak-beech vegetation grade had significantly higher pH values and significantly lower energy content, ESC in the 4th beech vegetation grade had a significantly higher ash content and a significantly lower energy content, and DC in the 5th fir-beech vegetation grade had a significantly higher content of Ct, Nt, and humus. Linear regression revealed a strong negative correlation between the energy content and soil reaction (R2 for pHH2O = 0.48; R2 for pHKCl = 0.38) for all Cambisol taxa. Ct content and ash show a strong negative correlation (R2 = 0.78). The positive relationship between altitude and FVGs was found only for the soil Ct (R2 = 0.87), Nt (R2 = 0.81), and humus content (R2 = 0.87). A strong negative linear relationship between altitude and FVGs showed the ash content (R2 = 0.77). In turn, the oscillatory, polynomial course had a relationship between the clay content (R2 = 0.65) and energy (R2 = 0.75) to altitude and FVGs. Recognizing significant soil variables and better understanding their impact on the development of forest ecosystems is a prerequisite for distinguishing areas with the highest risk of their damage under conditions of various anthropogenic interventions and climate change. Therefore, this topic continues to require increased research efforts. For this reason, a better understanding of the relationships between soil properties and ecologically differentiated communities of forest ecosystems will allow us to identify areas with the highest risk of ecological changes that could lead to the degradation of European forests in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Pivková
- Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Ján Kukla
- Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - František Hnilička
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Kamýcka 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Hniličková
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Kamýcka 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Danica Krupová
- National Forest Centre—Forest Research Institute, T. G. Masaryka 22, 960 92, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Margita Kuklová
- Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53, Zvolen, Slovakia
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Ji W, Li R, Qian X, Albasher G, Li Z. Microbial nitrogen mineralization is slightly affected by conversion from farmland to apple orchards in thick loess deposits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168268. [PMID: 37918737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen mineralization, indispensable to soil carbon and nitrogen cycles, is the largest contributor to nitrate reservoirs in deep vadose zones. The microbial nitrogen mineralization (MNM) within deep soils, particularly in regions with intensive agricultural activities and thick soil horizons, has been largely disregarded. As such, this study aims to address this knowledge gap by investigating the chiA-harboring microbial structure and network within nine 10-m profiles beneath cultivated farmland and two apple orchards. The results showed that apple orchards, compared to farmland, had considerable water deficit and nitrogen accumulation within deeper soil layers due to well-developed root systems and the overuse of chemical fertilizers. However, the chiA-harboring microbial diversity, composition, and abundance all exhibited significant variations with soil depths rather than being influenced by different land use types. Moreover, the diversity indices and gene abundances decreased with soil depths, and the related soil microbes included 19 phyla, 29 classes, 72 orders, 114 families, and 197 genera, with Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria being the two major bacterial phyla. The microbial co-occurrence network was simper beneath apple orchards. The chiA-harboring microorganisms within deep unsaturated zones were greatly influenced by the depth-dependent soil nutrients, such as total nitrogen, organic carbon, and available potassium. The limited plant root biomass and the inhibitory effects of dried soil layers both restricted the availability of carbon sources, which further interfered with the MNM processes within deep soils insignificantly. Therefore, despite the considerable plant-induced ecohydrological consequences, the depth-dependent MNM processes were slightly affected after the transformation from farmland to apple orchards within thick loess deposits. This study offers crucial insights into microbial dynamics of the deep biosphere, thereby contributing to our understanding of depth-dependent biogeochemical cycles within global deep unsaturated zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjia Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Kumar S, Prabhakar M, Bhardwaj DR, Thakur CL, Kumar J, Sharma P. Altitudinal and aspect-driven variations in soil carbon storage potential in sub-tropical Himalayan forest ecosystem: assisting nature to combat climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:126. [PMID: 38196071 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Forest soils serve as the greatest sink of terrestrial carbon (C) and have a significant impact on worldwide or regional C cycling. By reducing emissions and enhancing the C storage in forests, the environmental monitoring function of a forest ecosystem may be ensured. The study focused on measuring the densities of major nutrients in soil to gain insight into the C and nitrogen dynamics of the Himalayan sub-tropical forest ecosystem of India besides supplementing the information about the C storage potential of these forest soils. The study examined the physico-chemical properties and nutrient densities across three altitudinal ranges viz., 600-800 m (A1), 800-1000 m (A2) and 1000-1200 m (A3) and two aspects, i.e. Northern (N) and Southern (S) in a randomized complete block design and data collection was done from 24 main sample plots (3 altitudinal ranges × 2 aspects × 4 replications). The soil pH, electrical conductivity, and bulk density observed a decreasing pattern with an increase in altitude, whereas a reverse trend was observed in soil organic C (SOC), total nitrogen and available phosphorus. The SOC and total nitrogen densities ranged from 20.08 to 48.35 Mg ha-1 and 2.56 to 4.01 Mg ha-1, respectively in an increasing trend from A1 to A3. The northern aspect exhibited significantly higher SOC and nitrogen densities than the southern aspects. The C storage potential of forest soils followed the order A1 < A2 < A3 with significantly higher potential (nearly 1.5 times) compared to those on the southern aspect. There was a consistently significant increase in the C:N ratio (CNR) with a maximum value (10.51) at A3 and minimum value (8.37) at A1, however the effect of aspect remained insignificant. This research underscores the importance of considering altitude and aspect when planning forest restoration efforts, as these factors have a substantial influence on soil properties, C storage potential and CNR. Understanding the significance of CNR is critical, as it serves as a key indicator of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from forest soils. Ultimately, these findings empower policymakers and conservationists to make informed decisions that can contribute to the sustainable management of Himalayan forests and the global fight against climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
| | - Mukesh Prabhakar
- Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
| | - D R Bhardwaj
- Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India.
| | - C L Thakur
- Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
| | - Jatin Kumar
- Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India.
| | - Prashant Sharma
- Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India
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Zaman T, Asad SA, Irshad M, Faridullah, Shahzad M, Nazir R, Arefeen A, Iqbal A, Hafeez F. Unraveling the impact of human perturbation on nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems of lower Himalaya, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1324. [PMID: 37845391 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems are under the enormous pressure of land use management regimes through human disturbances, resulting in the disruption of biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystem services. Nitrogen (N) in soil ecosystems is of vital importance for primary productivity, hence estimating the extent of these human interventions on N-cycling processes becomes imperative from economic and environmental perspectives. This work investigated the impacts of variable anthropogenic activities on N cycling in three different terrestrial ecosystems (arable, grassland, and forest) in three regions of lower Himalaya, Pakistan. Potential nitrification (PNA) and denitrification (DEA) enzyme activities, relative distribution of inorganic N species (NH4, NO3), and the role of inherent edaphic factors were assessed. Results revealed high nitrification potentials and increased nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in the incubated soil microcosms, in the order as arable > grassland > forest ecosystems. Notably, higher rates of both studied processes (~ 30-50%) and elevated soil mineral nitrogen pool were observed in arable ecosystems. Forest soils, assumed as pristine ecosystems relying mainly on natural N fixation, produced (de)nitrification rates relatively lower than grasslands, followed by arable soils which were moderately disturbed through long-term fertilization and intensive land-use regimes. Linear regression modeling revealed that the inorganic N species (particularly NO3), and inherent edaphic factors were the key determinants of high (de)nitrification rates, hence warn of accelerated N losses in these ecosystems. The study highlights that elevated PNA and DEA being proxies for the altered N cycling in the studied terrestrial ecosystems are of great ecological relevance in view of predicted N2O budget in the lower Himalaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Zaman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad Asad
- Department of Bio Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Faridullah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Nazir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Awais Arefeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Farhan Hafeez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp University Road, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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Fan R, Hua J, Jiang S, Wang X, Liu W, Ji W. Dauciform roots affect functional traits of Carex filispica under nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in alpine meadow. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14195. [PMID: 37648691 PMCID: PMC10469187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, there has been a severe nitrogen-deposition in alpine meadows which often leads to phosphorus limitation of plant productivity. In these high-altitude localities, Cyperaceae have an increasing biomass while other functional groups decrease. Meanwhile, Cyperaceae are known to have the ability of producing dauciform roots, which are formed under phosphorus limitation, but in China, are only described in these high-altitude places. So, is the superiority of Cyperaceae and the formation of dauciform roots in high-altitude localities related to the accumulation of nitrogen? And is there a link between them? A Carex filispica dominated community in Baima Snow Mountain was selected and quantitative fertilization with four levels of nitrogen and three levels of phosphorus was performed. After 2 weeks, Carex filispica individuals with and without dauciform roots were separated and analyzed for their regular root properties, dauciform root properties, biomass and chemical traits of above- and belowground parts. The total cover of the community declined under phosphorus limitation with increasing nitrogen supply, while the relative cover difference of Carex filispica increased with increasing nitrogen supply and decreased with increasing phosphorus supply. Dauciform roots had a more significant response to nitrogen supply than to phosphorus supply and they were formed the most at a low supply of nitrogen. The biomass and root properties of individuals with dauciform roots were enhanced by nitrogen supply and inhibited by phosphorus supply, while those of individuals without dauciform roots were often enhanced by phosphorus supply. Individuals with and without dauciform roots showed two different mechanisms, and were limited by significantly different factors, which can explain the opposite performance of Cyperaceae after nitrogen and phosphorus supply in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinguo Hua
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Songlin Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenli Ji
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Devi NB, Lepcha NT. Carbon sink and source function of Eastern Himalayan forests: implications of change in climate and biotic variables. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:843. [PMID: 37318600 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Forests serve as a sink and source of carbon and play a substantial role in regional and global carbon cycling. The Himalayan forests act as climate regulators of the Hindukush region, which is experiencing climate change at a high pace, and a proper understanding of these systems is necessary to mitigate this problem. We hypothesize that the variance of abiotic factors and vegetation will influence the carbon sink and source function of the different forest types of the Himalayas. Carbon sequestration was computed from the increment of carbon stocks estimated allometrically using Forest Survey of India equations, and soil CO2 flux was determined by the alkali absorption method. The carbon sequestration rate and CO2 flux by the different forests exhibited a negative relation. The carbon sequestration rate was highest with minimum emission in the temperate forest, while the tropical forest recorded the least sequestration and maximum carbon flux rate. The Pearson correlation test between carbon sequestration and tree species richness and diversity revealed a positive-significant influence but negative relation with climatic factors. An analysis of variance indicated significant seasonal differences between the rate of soil carbon emissions due to variations in the forest. A multivariate regression analysis of the monthly soil CO2 emission rate shows high variability (85%) due to fluctuations of climatic variables in the Eastern Himalayan forests. Results of the present study revealed that the carbon sink and source function of forests respond to changes in forest types, climatic variables, and edaphic factors. Tree species and soil nutrient content influenced carbon sequestration, while shifts in climatic factors influenced soil CO2 emission rate. Increased temperature and rainfall may further change the soil quality by enhancing soil CO2 emission and reducing soil organic carbon, thereby impacting this region's carbon sink and source function. Enhancing tree diversity in the forests of this region may be beneficial for retarding this impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bijayalaxmi Devi
- Department of Botany, Ecology Laboratory, Sikkim University, 6th Mile Gangtok-737102, Sikkim, India.
| | - Nima Tshering Lepcha
- Department of Botany, Ecology Laboratory, Sikkim University, 6th Mile Gangtok-737102, Sikkim, India
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Khanal S, Nolan RH, Medlyn BE, Boer MM. Mapping soil organic carbon stocks in Nepal's forests. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8090. [PMID: 37208346 PMCID: PMC10199042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive forest carbon accounting requires reliable estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Despite being an important carbon pool, limited information is available on SOC stocks in global forests, particularly for forests in mountainous regions, such as the Central Himalayas. The availability of consistently measured new field data enabled us to accurately estimate forest soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in Nepal, addressing a previously existing knowledge gap. Our method involved modelling plot-based estimates of forest SOC using covariates related to climate, soil, and topographic position. Our quantile random forest model resulted in the high spatial resolution prediction of Nepal's national forest SOC stock together with prediction uncertainties. Our spatially explicit forest SOC map showed the high SOC levels in high-elevation forests and a significant underrepresentation of these stocks in global-scale assessments. Our results offer an improved baseline on the distribution of total carbon in the forests of the Central Himalayas. The benchmark maps of predicted forest SOC and associated errors, along with our estimate of 494 million tonnes (SE = 16) of total SOC in the topsoil (0-30 cm) of forested areas in Nepal, carry important implications for understanding the spatial variability of forest SOC in mountainous regions with complex terrains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Khanal
- Forest Research and Training Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Rachael H Nolan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthias M Boer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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He L, Sun X, Li S, Zhou W, Chen Z, Bai X. The vertical distribution and control factor of microbial biomass and bacterial community at macroecological scales. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161754. [PMID: 36709888 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms exist throughout the soil profile and those microorganisms living in deeper soil horizons likely play key roles in regulating biogeochemical processes. However, the vertical differentiations of microbes along soil depth and their global biogeographical patterns remain poorly understood. Herein, we conducted a global meta-analysis to clarify the vertical changes of microbial biomass, diversity, and microbial relative abundance across the soil profiles. Data was collected from 43 peer-reviewed articles of 110 soil profiles (467 observations in total) from around the world. We found soil microbial biomass and bacterial diversity decreased with depth in soils. Among examined edaphic factors, the depth variation in soil pH exhibited significant negative associations with the depth change in microbial biomass and bacterial Shannon index, while soil total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) exhibited significant positive associations. For the major bacteria phyla, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes decreased with soil depth, while Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, and Nitrospirae increased. We found both parallels and differences in the biogeographical patterns of microbial attribute of topsoil vs. subsoil. Microbial biomass was significantly controlled by the soil nutrient concentrations in both topsoil and subsoil compared with climatic factors, while bacterial Shannon index was significantly controlled by the edaphic factors and across latitudes or climatic factors. Moreover, mean annual precipitation can also be used as a predictor of microbial biomass in subsoil which is different from topsoil. Collectively, our results provide a novel integrative view of how microbial biomass and bacterial community response to soil depth change and clarify the controlling factors of the global distribution patterns of microbial biomass and diversity, which are critical to enhance ecosystem simulation models and for formulating sustainable ecosystem management and conservation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing He
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Suyan Li
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenzhi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xueting Bai
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Nie K, Xu M, Zhang J. Changes in soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in Pinus massoniana forest along altitudinal gradients of subtropical karst mountains. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15198. [PMID: 37016678 PMCID: PMC10066882 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in altitude have a long-term and profound impact on mountain forest ecosystems. However, there have been few reports on changes in soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents (SCNPC) along altitudinal gradients in subtropical karst mountain forests, as well as on the factors influencing such changes. We selected five Pinus massoniana forests with an altitudinal gradient in the karst mountain area of Southwest China as research objects and analyzed the changes in SCNPC along the altitudinal gradient, as well as the influencing factors behind these changes. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen contents first increased and then decreased with increasing altitude, whereas the contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus showed no obvious trend. In the karst mountain P. massoniana forest, SCNPC in the topsoil is most significantly affected by total glomalin-related soil protein (TG) and soil moisture content (SMC) (cumulative explanatory rate was 45.28–77.33%), indicating that TG and SMC are important factors that affect SCNPC in the karst mountain P. massoniana forest. In addition, the main environmental factors that affect SCNPC in the subsoil showed significant differences. These results may provide a better scientific reference for the sustainable management of the subtropical mountain P. massoniana forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Nie
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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Dar AA, Parthasarathy N. Ecological drivers of soil carbon in Kashmir Himalayan forests: Application of machine learning combined with structural equation modelling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117147. [PMID: 36610192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil carbon (SC) heterogeneity in mountain ecosystems is ascertained by a complex interdependency of topography, climate, edaphic features, and biotic elements, which may incite uncertainties in regional SC estimation. However, quantitative evaluations of the interplay between SC and these determinants as well as underlying possible link networks, are uncommon. Using the data set of SC along with soil properties at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths from 135 plots under three coniferous forests, we aimed to ascertain SC heterogeneity and to elucidate how these interactions affect the SC storage, operating data-driven models (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator [LASSO] regression and structural equation modeling [SEM]) to identify the dominant explanatory factors affecting the distribution of SC in Kashmir Himalayan forests. Average SC stocks at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth intervals range from 32.41 Mg ha-1 in sub-alpine (SA) forest to 48.50 Mg ha-1 in mixed conifer (MC) forest. The findings show that SC declines significantly from 0 - 10 cm to 10-20 cm strata, consistent with other soil physico-chemical determinants other than bulk density. SEM renders better model fit (0-10 cm: R2 = 0.61; 10-20cm: R2 = 0.46) with lesser uncertainties compared to LASSO (0-10 cm: R2 = 0.55; 10-20cm: R2 = 0.37). Soil properties and topography play a key role in modulating SC stocks, with total nitrogen (TN), soil moisture (SM), and elevation being principal drivers with contrasting effects on SC storage, while climate and vegetation parameters are of lesser influence. The relative effect of majority of explanatory drivers reduces with depth while that of temperature increases. Our analyses indicate that shifts in floristic composition could have long-lasting implications on soil structure and C storage, providing valuable data for C sink management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaq Ahmad Dar
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
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Hasegawa TM, Itagaki T, Sakai S. Intraspecific variation in morphology of spiny pollen grains along an altitudinal gradient in an insect-pollinated shrub. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:287-295. [PMID: 36440587 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific variations in pollen morphological traits are poorly studied. Interspecific variations are often associated with pollination systems and pollinator types. Altitudinal environmental changes, which can influence local pollinator assemblages, provide opportunities to explore differentiation in pollen traits of a single species over short distances. The aim of this study is to examine intraspecific variations in pollen traits of an insect-pollinated shrub, Weigela hortensis (Caprifoliaceae), along an altitudinal gradient. Pollen spine phenotypes (length, number and density), pollen diameter, lipid mass (pollenkitt) around pollen grains, pollen production per flower and pollinator assemblages were compared at four sites at different altitudes. Spine length and the spine length/diameter ratio of pollen grains were greater at higher altitudes but not correlated with flower or plant size. Spine number and density increased as flower size increased, and pollen lipid mass decreased as plant size increased. Bees were the predominant pollinators at low-altitude sites whereas flies, specifically Oligoneura spp. (Acroceridae), increased in relative abundance with increasing altitude. The results of this study suggest that the increase in spine length with altitude was the result of selection favouring longer spines at higher-altitude sites and/or shorter spines at lower-altitude sites. The altitudinal variation in selection pressure on spine length could reflect changes in local pollinator assemblages with altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Itagaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Sakai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Okolo CC, Gebresamuel G, Zenebe A, Haile M, Orji JE, Okebalama CB, Eze CE, Eze E, Eze PN. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen stocks and CO 2 emissions in top- and subsoils with contrasting management regimes in semi-arid environments. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1117. [PMID: 36670181 PMCID: PMC9860075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents and stocks, CO2 emissions and selected soil properties in croplands, grazing lands, exclosures and forest lands of semi-arid Ethiopia. Sampling was done at 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm soil depths and concentration and stocks of SOC, TN and selected soil properties were determined using standard routine laboratory procedures. There were variations in distribution of SOC and TN stock over 90 cm depth across land use types and locations, decreasing from topsoils to subsoil, with average values ranging from 48.68 Mg C ha-1 and 4.80 Mg N ha-1 in Hugumburda cropland to 303.53 Mg C ha-1 and 24.99 Mg N ha-1 in Desa'a forest respectively. Forest sequestered significant higher SOC and TN stock, decreasing with depth, compared with other land use types. In Desa'a and Hugumburda, the conversion of forest to cropland resulted in a total loss of SOC stock of 9.04 Mg C ha-1 and 2.05 Mg C ha-1, respectively, and an increase in CO2 emission of 33.16 Mg C ha-1 and 7.52 Mg C ha-1 yr-1, respectively. The establishment of 10 years (Geregera) and 6 years (Haikihelet) exclosures on degraded grazing land increased SOC stock by 13% and 37% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuebuka C. Okolo
- grid.30820.390000 0001 1539 8988Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia ,grid.30820.390000 0001 1539 8988Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia ,grid.411903.e0000 0001 2034 9160Department of Natural Resources Management, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Geoscience, Geo-Biosphere Interaction Group, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.448573.90000 0004 1785 2090Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Girmay Gebresamuel
- grid.30820.390000 0001 1539 8988Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Amanuel Zenebe
- grid.30820.390000 0001 1539 8988Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia ,grid.30820.390000 0001 1539 8988Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Mitiku Haile
- grid.30820.390000 0001 1539 8988Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Jephter E. Orji
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Chinyere B. Okebalama
- grid.10757.340000 0001 2108 8257Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria ,grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XRuhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Chinedu E. Eze
- grid.442668.a0000 0004 1764 1269Department of Agronomy, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria ,grid.438006.90000 0001 2296 9689Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Emmanuel Eze
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Geography, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.461780.c0000 0001 2264 5158Department of Geography ‑ Research Group for Earth Observation (rgeo), UNESCO Chair On World Heritage & Biosphere Reserve Observation and Education, University of Education Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.10757.340000 0001 2108 8257Geographical and Environmental Education Unit, Department of Social Science Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Peter N. Eze
- grid.448573.90000 0004 1785 2090Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
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13
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Estimation and Simulation of Forest Carbon Stock in Northeast China Forestry Based on Future Climate Change and LUCC. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14153653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Forest carbon sinks (FCS) play an important role in mitigating global climate change, but there is a lack of more accurate, comprehensive, and efficient forest carbon stock estimates and projections for larger regions. By combining 1980–2020 land use data from the Northeast China Forestry (NCF) and climate change data under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP), the land use and cover change (LUCC) of NCF in 2030 and 2050 and the FCS of NCF were estimated based on the measured data of forest carbon density. In general, the forest area of NCF has not yet recovered to the level of 1980. The temporal change in the FCS experienced a U-shaped trend of sharp decline to slow increase, with the inflection point occurring in 2010. If strict ecological conservation measures are implemented, the FCS of the NCF is expected to recover to the 1980 levels by 2050. We believe that the ecological priority (EP) scenario is the most likely and suitable direction for future development of the NCF. We also advocate for more scientific and stringent management measures for NCF natural forests to unlock the huge potential for forest carbon sequestration, which is important for China to meet its carbon neutrality commitments.
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14
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Okello J, Bauters M, Verbeeck H, Kasenene J, Boeckx P. Aboveground carbon stocks, woody and litter productivity along an elevational gradient in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Okello
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- CAVElab‐ Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Mountains of the Moon University Fort Portal Uganda
- National Agricultural Research Organisation Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute Mbarara Uganda
| | - Marijn Bauters
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- CAVElab‐ Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab‐ Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - John Kasenene
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Mountains of the Moon University Fort Portal Uganda
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory – ISOFYS Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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15
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Impacts of Site Conditions and Stand Structure on the Biomass Allocation of Single Trees in Larch Plantations of Liupan Mountains of Northwest China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the determinants of tree biomass allocation patterns among organs is crucial for both predicting the rate and potential of forest carbon sinks and guiding future multifunctional forest management. However, it is still not clear how the site conditions (e.g., elevation) and stand structure (e.g., tree dominance, stand density) affect the biomass allocation of single trees in forests. This study was implemented in the Liupan Mountains of the Loess Plateau of Northwest China by collecting the related information of biomass data of 110 sample trees with different dominance and influencing factors within 23 sample plots of larch plantations set up along the elevation gradient. Based on these data, the response tendency and functions of biomass allocation of single trees to individual influencing factors of site conditions and forest structure were analyzed. Moreover, the results illustrated that the ratio between root biomass and aboveground biomass decreased significantly with rising stand age and tree density, but increased significantly with rising elevation, and there was no significant relationship with the dominance of individual trees. The results of this study revealed the importance of considering the influencing factors of site conditions and stand structure when developing dynamic models of tree biomass allocation. The results and research methods used in this study provide useful tools for quantifying the biomass allocation and carbon storage partitioning in the study area and other similar regions.
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16
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Leonard LT, Brodie EL, Williams KH, Sharp JO. Effect of elevation, season and accelerated snowmelt on biogeochemical processes during isolated conifer needle litter decomposition. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11926. [PMID: 34434657 PMCID: PMC8362670 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased drought and temperatures associated with climate change have implications for ecosystem stress with risk for enhanced carbon release in sensitive biomes. Litter decomposition is a key component of biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, but questions remain regarding the local response of decomposition processes to climate change. This is particularly complex in mountain ecosystems where the variable nature of the slope, aspect, soil type, and snowmelt dynamics play a role. Hence, the goal of this study was to determine the role of elevation, soil type, seasonal shifts in soil moisture, and snowmelt timing on litter decomposition processes. Experimental plots containing replicate deployments of harvested lodgepole and spruce needle litter alongside needle-free controls were established in open meadows at three elevations ranging from 2,800–3,500 m in Crested Butte, Colorado. Soil biogeochemistry variables including gas flux, porewater chemistry, and microbial ecology were monitored over three climatically variable years that shifted from high monsoon rains to drought. Results indicated that elevation and soil type influenced baseline soil biogeochemical indicators; however, needle mass loss and chemical composition were consistent across the 700 m elevation gradient. Rates of gas flux were analogously consistent across a 300 m elevation gradient. The additional variable of early snowmelt by 2–3 weeks had little impact on needle chemistry, microbial composition and gas flux; however, it did result in increased dissolved organic carbon in lodgepole porewater collections suggesting a potential for aqueous export. In contrast to elevation, needle presence and seasonal variability of soil moisture and temperature both played significant roles in soil carbon fluxes. During a pronounced period of lower moisture and higher temperatures, bacterial community diversity increased across elevation with new members supplanting more dominant taxa. Microbial ecological resilience was demonstrated with a return to pre-drought structure and abundance after snowmelt rewetting the following year. These results show similar decomposition processes across a 700 m elevation gradient and reveal the sensitivity but resilience of soil microbial ecology to low moisture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura T Leonard
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States
| | - Eoin L Brodie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Kenneth H Williams
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado, United States
| | - Jonathan O Sharp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States.,Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States
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17
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Dong J, Zhou K, Jiang P, Wu J, Fu W. Revealing horizontal and vertical variation of soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen and C:N ratio in subtropical forests of southeastern China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112483. [PMID: 33812147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (STN) are crucial soil quality indicators in a forest ecosystem. Their cycling processes and interactions have a key impact on the plants productivity, potential carbon sequestration and stability of the terrestrial ecosystem. In this study, soil profile samples (0-100 cm) were collected from 906 plots of typical subtropical forest in Zhejiang Province, southeastern China. Moran's I, geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were used to study the vertical and horizontal heterogeneity of SOC, STN and C:N ratio. The results indicated that the contents of SOC and STN clearly decreased with the soil depth increasing (from 0 to 10 cm layer to 60-100 cm layer). The spatial distributions of SOC and STN were consistent with the topography, showing a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast of Zhejiang Province. The results of ANOVA and correlation analyses indicated that the dominant tree species, elevation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were the key factors affecting SOC and STN contents. For the total 0-100 cm soil layer, the mean densities of SOC and STN were 108.53 Mg ha-1 and 0.08 Mg ha-1, respectively. The total stocks of SOC and STN were 877.19 Tg and 84.42 Tg. Approximately 65% SOC and 45% STN were belonged to the upper 30 cm soil layer, which was strongly related to the actual soil thickness. The results could provide critical information for forestry and environmental management related to C and N accumulations in subtropical forests of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Kangning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Peikun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Jiasen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Weijun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
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18
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Ahirwal J, Nath A, Brahma B, Deb S, Sahoo UK, Nath AJ. Patterns and driving factors of biomass carbon and soil organic carbon stock in the Indian Himalayan region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145292. [PMID: 33736385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tree-based ecosystems are critical to climate change mitigation. The study analysed carbon (C) stock patterns and examined the importance of environmental variables in predicting carbon stock in biomass and soils of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). We conducted a synthesis of 100 studies reporting biomass carbon stock and 67 studies on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock from four land-uses: forests, plantation, agroforest, and herbaceous ecosystem from the IHR. Machine learning techniques were used to examine the importance of various environmental variables in predicting carbon stock in biomass and soils. Despite large variations in biomass C and SOC stock (mean ± SD) within the land-uses, natural forests have the highest biomass C stock (138.5 ± 87.3 Mg C ha-1), and plantation forests exhibited the highest SOC stock (168.8 ± 74.4 Mg C ha-1) in the top 1-m of soils. The relationship between the environmental variables (altitude, latitude, precipitation, and temperature) and carbon stock was not significantly correlated. The prediction of biomass carbon and SOC stock using different machine learning techniques (Adaboost, Bagging, Random Forest, and XGBoost) shows that the XGBoost model can predict the carbon stock for the IHR closely. Our study confirms that the carbon stock in the IHR vary on a large scale due to a diverse range of land-use and ecosystems within the region. Therefore, predicting the driver of carbon stock on a single environmental variable is impossible for the entire IHR. The IHR possesses a prominent carbon sink and biodiversity pool. Therefore, its protection is essential in fulfilling India's commitment to nationally determined contributions (NDC). Our data synthesis may also provide a baseline for the precise estimation of carbon stock, which will be vital for India's National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem (NMSHE).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amitabha Nath
- Department of Information Technology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Biplab Brahma
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Sourabh Deb
- Department of Forestry and Biodiversity, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, India
| | | | - Arun Jyoti Nath
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, India.
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19
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Meeussen C, Govaert S, Vanneste T, Haesen S, Van Meerbeek K, Bollmann K, Brunet J, Calders K, Cousins SAO, Diekmann M, Graae BJ, Iacopetti G, Lenoir J, Orczewska A, Ponette Q, Plue J, Selvi F, Spicher F, Sørensen MV, Verbeeck H, Vermeir P, Verheyen K, Vangansbeke P, De Frenne P. Drivers of carbon stocks in forest edges across Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143497. [PMID: 33246733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forests play a key role in global carbon cycling and sequestration. However, the potential for carbon drawdown is affected by forest fragmentation and resulting changes in microclimate, nutrient inputs, disturbance and productivity near edges. Up to 20% of the global forested area lies within 100 m of an edge and, even in temperate forests, knowledge on how edge conditions affect carbon stocks and how far this influence penetrates into forest interiors is scarce. Here we studied carbon stocks in the aboveground biomass, forest floor and the mineral topsoil in 225 plots in deciduous forest edges across Europe and tested the impact of macroclimate, nitrogen deposition and smaller-grained drivers (e.g. microclimate) on these stocks. Total carbon and carbon in the aboveground biomass stock were on average 39% and 95% higher at the forest edge than 100 m into the interior. The increase in the aboveground biomass stock close to the edge was mainly related to enhanced nitrogen deposition. No edge influence was found for stocks in the mineral topsoil. Edge-to-interior gradients in forest floor carbon changed across latitude: carbon stocks in the forest floor were higher near the edge in southern Europe. Forest floor carbon decreased with increasing litter quality (i.e. high decomposition rate) and decreasing plant area index, whereas higher soil temperatures negatively affected the mineral topsoil carbon. Based on high-resolution forest fragmentation maps, we estimate that the additional carbon stored in deciduous forest edges across Europe amounts to not less than 183 Tg carbon, which is equivalent to the storage capacity of 1 million ha of additional forest. This study underpins the importance of including edge influences when quantifying the carbon stocks in temperate forests and stresses the importance of preserving natural forest edges and small forest patches with a high edge-to-interior surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Meeussen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.
| | - Sanne Govaert
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Stef Haesen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt Bollmann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Kim Calders
- CAVElab - Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara A O Cousins
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, FB2, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Bente J Graae
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Giovanni Iacopetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P. le Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR « Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés » (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Anna Orczewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Quentin Ponette
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix de Sud 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jan Plue
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P. le Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Fabien Spicher
- UR « Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés » (EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Mia Vedel Sørensen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab - Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Laboratory for Chemical Analysis (LCA), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Voskenslaan 270, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vangansbeke
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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20
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Dangulla M, Abd Manaf L, Ramli MF, Yacob MR, Namadi S. Exploring urban tree diversity and carbon stocks in Zaria Metropolis, North Western Nigeria. APPLIED GEOGRAPHY 2021; 127:102385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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21
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Xu H, Zhang C. Investigating spatially varying relationships between total organic carbon contents and pH values in European agricultural soil using geographically weighted regression. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141977. [PMID: 32889292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Total organic carbon (TOC) has received increased attention in recent years, not only as an important indicator in soil fertility, but also due to its close relationship with the atmosphere. Generally, soil TOC and pH values follow a negative correlation, which was revealed by traditional statistical methods. However, the conventional global models lack the ability to capture the spatial variation locally. In this study, spatially varying local relationships between TOC and pH values are studied by geographically weighted regression (GWR) on continental-scale data of European agricultural soil from the project 'Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing land Soil' (GEMAS). In this study, TOC is the dependent and pH the independent variable. Both negative and positive local correlation coefficients are observed, showing the existence of 'special' spatially varying relationships between TOC and pH values. Original negative relationships change to positive values in more than 50% of the study area. Novel finding of significant positive correlations is observed in central-eastern Europe, while negative correlations are found mainly in northern Europe. Mixed relationships occur in southern Europe. These special patterns are strongly associated with specific natural factors, especially the extensive occurrence of quartz-rich soil in the central-eastern part of Europe. Anthropogenic inputs may have also played a role in the mixed southern European areas. The GWR technique is powerful and effective for revealing spatially varying relationships at the local level. Thus, it provides a new way to further explore the related influencing factors on the TOC and pH spatial distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofan Xu
- International Network for Environment and Health (INEH), School of Geography and Archaeology & Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- International Network for Environment and Health (INEH), School of Geography and Archaeology & Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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22
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The State of Soil Organic Carbon in Vineyards as Affected by Soil Types and Fertilization Strategies (Tri Morave Region, Serbia). AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to specific soil properties and management practices, soils in vineyards are sensitive to degradation. The aims of this study were to examine (i) the state of soil organic carbon (SOC) in vineyards compared to other agricultural land, (ii) the influence of different fertilization strategies and soil type on SOC content and (iii) the rate of SOC change over time and potential of deep tillage for SOC preservation in subsoil. The study was carried out at 16 representative vineyard locations of the Tri Morave region, which represents the largest vine growing region in Serbia. The analyzed area included 56 vineyard plots. Results showed that SOC stocks in the topsoil and subsoil were lower than the average for agricultural land in Serbia. The soil type was an important predictor of carbon storage in the topsoil. An adequate application of inorganic fertilizers or green manure combined with farmyard manure initially resulted in the highest SOC contents. Continuous application of inorganic fertilizer without organic amendments has led to a decrease of SOC in topsoil. High rates of SOC stock change in topsoil accompanied a rapid reduction of SOC in the earlier stage of cultivation. In all investigated subsoils, SOC increased, except for unfertilized vineyards. Deep tillage has the potential to preserve SOC in the deeper soil layer and prevent carbon loss from the topsoil. More attention should be paid to the soil conservation practices to meet environmental sustainability of viticulture.
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Dibar DT, Zhang K, Yuan S, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Ye X. Ecological stoichiometric characteristics of Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) in leaf, root, stem, and soil in four wetland plants communities in Shengjin Lake, China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230089. [PMID: 32760138 PMCID: PMC7410364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological stoichiometric should be incorporated into management and nutrient impacted ecosystems dynamic to understand the status of ecosystems and ecological interaction. The present study focused on ecological stoichiometric characteristics of soil, and leaves, stems, and roots of different macrophytes after the banning of seine fishing in Shengjin Lake. For C, N, and P analysis from leaves, stems, roots, and soil to explore their stoichiometric ratio and deriving environmental forces, four dominant plant communities (Vallisneria natans, Zizania latifolia, Trapa natans and Carex schmidtii) were collected. The concentration of C, N, P and C: N: P ratio in leaves, stems, roots, and soil among the plant communities varied significantly. Along the depth gradient high C: N was measured in C.schmidtii soil (7.08±1.504) but not vary significantly (P >0.05). High C: P result was found in T.natans (81.14±43.88) and in V.natans soil (81.40±42.57) respectively with no significant difference (p>0.05). Besides, N: P ratio measured high in V. natans (13.7±4.05) and showed significant variation (P<0.05). High leaf C: N and N: P ratio was measured in C. schmidtii and V. natans respectively. Nevertheless, high leaf C: P ratio was measured in Z. latifolia. From the three studied organs, leaf C: N and N: P ratio showed high values compared to root and stems. The correlation analysis result showed that at 0-10cm depth soil organic carbon (SOC) correlated negatively with stem total phosphorus (STP), and root total nitrogen (RTN) (P<0.05) but positively strongly with leaf total phosphorus (LTP) and leaf total nitrogen (LTN) (P<0.01) respectively. Soil total nitrogen (STN) at 0-10cm strongly positively correlated with leaf total phosphorus (LTP) (P<0.01) and positively with RN: P and leaf total carbon (LTC) (P<0.05). Soil basic properties such as soil moisture content (SMC), bulky density (BD) and pH positively correlated with soil ecological stoichiometric characteristics. Redundancy analysis (RDA) result showed available nitrogen (AN), soil total nitrogen (STN), and available phosphorus (AP) were the potential determinants variables on plants stoichiometric characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagne Tafa Dibar
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui
University, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui
University, Hefei, China
| | - Suqiang Yuan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui
University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui
University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongze Zhou
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui
University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxin Ye
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui
University, Hefei, China
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de la Cruz-Amo L, Bañares-de-Dios G, Cala V, Granzow-de la Cerda Í, Espinosa CI, Ledo A, Salinas N, Macía MJ, Cayuela L. Trade-Offs Among Aboveground, Belowground, and Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Along Altitudinal Gradients in Andean Tropical Montane Forests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:106. [PMID: 32194581 PMCID: PMC7062916 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tropical montane forests (TMFs) play an important role as a carbon reservoir at a global scale. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding on the variation in carbon storage across TMF compartments [namely aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), and soil organic matter] along altitudinal and environmental gradients and their potential trade-offs. This study aims to: 1) understand how carbon stocks vary along altitudinal gradients in Andean TMFs, and; 2) determine the influence of climate, particularly precipitation seasonality, on the distribution of carbon stocks across different forest compartments. The study was conducted in sixty 0.1 ha plots along two altitudinal gradients at the Podocarpus National Park (Ecuador) and Río Abiseo National Park (Peru). At each plot, we calculated the amount of carbon in AGB (i.e. aboveground carbon stock, AGC), BGB (i.e. belowground carbon stock, BGC), and soil organic matter (i.e. soil organic carbon stock, SOC). The mean total carbon stock was 244.76 ± 80.38 Mg ha-1 and 211.51 ± 46.95 Mg ha-1 in the Ecuadorian and Peruvian plots, respectively. Although AGC, BGC, and SOC showed different partitioning patterns along the altitudinal gradient both in Ecuador and Peru, total carbon stock did not change with altitude in either site. The combination of annual mean temperature and precipitation seasonality explained differences in the observed patterns of carbon stocks across forest compartments between the two sites. This study suggests that the greater precipitation seasonality of colder, higher altitudes may promote faster turnover rates of organic matter and nutrients and, consequently, less accumulation of SOC but greater AGC and BGC, compared to those sites with lesser precipitation seasonality. Our results demonstrate the capacity of TMFs to store substantial amounts of carbon and suggest the existence of a trade-off in carbon stocks among forest compartments, which could be partly driven by differences in precipitation seasonality, especially under the colder temperatures of high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia de la Cruz-Amo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Bañares-de-Dios
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cala
- Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos I. Espinosa
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Alicia Ledo
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Norma Salinas
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuel J. Macía
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Cayuela
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Balasubramanian D, Zhou WJ, Ji HL, Grace J, Bai XL, Song QH, Liu YT, Sha LQ, Fei XH, Zhang X, Zhao JB, Zhao JF, Tan ZH, Zhang YP. Environmental and management controls of soil carbon storage in grasslands of southwestern China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 254:109810. [PMID: 31698300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to predict the effects of climate change on the global carbon cycle, it is crucial to understand the environmental factors that affect soil carbon storage in grasslands. In the present study, we attempted to explain the relationships between the distribution of soil carbon storage with climate, soil types, soil properties and topographical factors across different types of grasslands with different grazing regimes. We measured soil organic carbon in 92 locations at different soil depth increments, from 0 to 100 cm in southwestern China. Among soil types, brown earth soils (Luvisols) had the highest carbon storage with 19.5 ± 2.5 kg m-2, while chernozem soils had the lowest with 6.8 ± 1.2 kg m-2. Mean annual temperature and precipitation, exerted a significant, but, contrasting effects on soil carbon storage. Soil carbon storage increased as mean annual temperature decreased and as mean annual precipitation increased. Across different grassland types, the mean carbon storage for the top 100 cm varied from 7.6 ± 1.3 kg m-2 for temperate desert to 17.3 ± 2.9 kg m-2 for alpine meadow. Grazing/cutting regimes significantly affected soil carbon storage with lowest value (7.9 ± 1.5 kg m-2) recorded for cutting grass, while seasonal (11.4 ± 1.3 kg m-2) and year-long (12.2 ± 1.9 kg m-2) grazing increased carbon storage. The highest carbon storage was found in the completely ungrazed areas (16.7 ± 2.9 kg m-2). Climatic factors, along with soil types and topographical factors, controlled soil carbon density along a soil depth in grasslands. Environmental factors alone explained about 60% of the total variation in soil carbon storage. The actual depth-wise distribution of soil carbon contents was significantly influenced by the grazing intensity and topographical factors. Overall, policy-makers should focus on reducing the grazing intensity and land conversion for the sustainable management of grasslands and C sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Balasubramanian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China.
| | - Hong-Li Ji
- Lushan Botanical Garden of Jiangxi Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lushan Jiangxi, 332900, China
| | - John Grace
- School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Xiao-Long Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Qing-Hai Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, 666303, China
| | - Yun-Tong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Li-Qing Sha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Xue-Hai Fei
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550018, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jun-Bin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Jun-Fu Zhao
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Tan
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, 666303, China.
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Liu S, Sun Y, Dong Y, Zhao H, Dong S, Zhao S, Beazley R. The spatio-temporal patterns of the topsoil organic carbon density and its influencing factors based on different estimation models in the grassland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225952. [PMID: 31805113 PMCID: PMC6894876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The grassland soils of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) store a large amount of organic carbon because of the cold, humid climate, and topsoil organic carbon is quite sensitive to global climate changes. However, the spatio-temporal dynamics and factors that influence the soil organic carbon (SOC) on the QTP's grassland are not understood well. Moreover, there are few comparative analyses of different approaches to estimate the QTP' SOC. In this study, we estimated the storage and patterns of SOC density (SOCD) using several methods, including MODIS (moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer) retrieval, field data and previous empirical models (Models1-4, and soil organic matter (SOM)). And their relations with aboveground biomass, soil moisture, temperature, elevation, and soil conductivity were further explored. The results showed that SOC showed a similar variation trend in the different models, in which it decreased with increasing bulk density (BD) in the topsoil at 30 cm. For meadow and steppe grasslands, Models 1, 2, and 4 showed similar estimated values of SOCD, while Model3 had a lower value than them. SOC storage in the BD 3 and SOM methods had abnormal values, while the MODIS-NDVI, BD 1, 2, and 4 methods had similar SOC stock values for meadow and steppe grassland. Moreover, meadow grassland had a higher SOC storage than did steppe grassland, with means values of 397.9×1010 kg and 242.2×1010 kg, respectively. SOCD's spatial distribution using MODIS-NDVI method differed clearly from the empirical models, with a significant tendency for spatial variation that increased from the northwestern to southeastern regions on the QTP. Therefore, based on the values estimated and spatial variation features, the MODIS-NDVI method may be a more feasible and valid model to estimate SOC. Moreover, the mean annual SOCD values during 2000-2015 showed an increasing trend, with a higher mean value in meadow and a lower mean value in steppe. Further, SOCD was correlated significantly and positively with aboveground biomass and soil moisture, and negatively correlated with elevation and soil conductivity. Increasing temperature had negative effects on SOCD, which was consistent with the global trend. These results indicated that topsoil moisture plays a key role in SOCD spatial patterns. Our results provide valuable support for the long-term estimation of SOCD in future research on the QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yongxiu Sun
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Haidi Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shikui Dong
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Beazley
- Department of Natural Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Yu H, Zha T, Zhang X, Ma L. Vertical distribution and influencing factors of soil organic carbon in the Loess Plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133632. [PMID: 31377373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Accurate analysis and evaluation of the spatial distribution and the primary factors that affect regional soil organic carbon (SOC) together make an important step in assessing carbon sequestration potential. However, little information is available on distribution of regional SOC in deep soil layers. To analyze the spatial distribution of and factors influencing SOC in a 500 cm soil profile, 1440 soil samples were collected from 90 sites on the Loess Plateau in China. The primary factors dominating the spatial distribution of SOC were quantified using principal component analysis with multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) analysis. Results showed that the mean SOC of the 500 cm soil profile ranged from 1.20 to 3.37 g kg-1, decreasing with increasing soil depth. The SOC in the deep soil profile decreased across the types of land use in the following order: forestland > cropland > grassland. Based on the factors analyzed in this study, land use accounted for 22% of the variation in SOC and was the dominant factor controlling the spatial distribution of organic carbon in shallow soils (0-100 cm); while soil factors (including soil clay, soil water content, and soil bulk density) were dominant in deep soil layers (200-500 cm), averagely accounting for 44.3%. The SOC stock in the 0-20 cm soil layer was 1.34 kg m-2, accounting for only a small proportion (8%) of the total carbon in the entire 500 cm soil profile. SOC stock in the 200-500 cm layer was 7.62 kg m-2, accounting for 44% of the total carbon in the 0-500 cm soil profile. This study demonstrates that a large amount of organic carbon is stored in deep soil, indicating that a better understanding of the reserves and cycles of deep soil carbon is a critical factor in the effective management of terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tonggang Zha
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Limin Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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28
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Modeling Soil Nitrogen Content in South Patagonia across a Climate Gradient, Vegetation Type, and Grazing. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11092707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil total nitrogen (N) stock in rangelands, shrublands, and forests support key ecological functions such as the capacity of the land to sustain plant and animal productivity and ecosystem services. The objective of this study was to model soil total N stocks and soil C/N ratio from 0–30 cm depth across the region using freely accessible information on topography, climate, and vegetation with a view to establishing a baseline against which sustainable land management practices can be evaluated in Southern Patagonia. We used stepwise multiple regression to determine which independent variables best explained soil total N variation across the landscape in Southern Patagonia. We then used multiple regression models to upscale and produce maps of soil total N and C/N across the Santa Cruz province. Soil total N stock to 30 cm ranged from 0.13 to 2.21 kg N m−2, and soil C/N ratios ranged from 4.5 to 26.8. The model for variation of soil total N stock explained 88% of the variance on the data and the most powerful predictor variables were: isothermality, elevation, and vegetation cover (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)). Soil total N and soil C/N ratios were allocated to three categories (low, medium, high) and these three levels were used to map the variation of soil total N and soil C/N ratios across Southern Patagonia. The results demonstrate that soil total N decreases as desertification increases, probably due to erosional processes, and that soil C/N is lower at low temperatures and increased with increasing precipitation. Soil total N and soil C/N ratios are critical variables that determine system capacity for productivity, especially the provisioning ecosystem services, and can serve as baselines against which efforts to adopt more sustainable land management practices in Patagonia can be assessed.
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Devi SB, Sherpa SSSS. Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks along the altitudinal gradient of the Darjeeling Himalayas, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:361. [PMID: 31079209 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil is the largest terrestrial carbon pool and has been increasingly recognized to play crucial role to mitigate global warming resulting from climate change and land use and land cover change. The carbon cycle is closely linked with nitrogen cycles and needs to be studied together for their important implications for mitigating land degradations and associated declining productivity. Within the global biodiversity hotspot of Himalayas, which constitutes more than one third of India's carbon pool, the Eastern Himalayas in spite of having highest forest cover, protected area network coverage, biodiversity, and endemicity have been understudied for soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. The present study was designed to assess the patterns and determinants of soil carbon stock, SOC stocks, nitrogen stocks, and carbon/nitrogen (C:N) ratio along the altitudinal gradient, forest type, and depth in Darjeeling Himalayas, India. We followed standard protocol for soil sampling and analysis. The soil carbon stocks (257.02 to 527.79 MgC ha-1), SOC stocks (152.55 to 398.88 MgC ha-1), and soil nitrogen stocks (15.10 to 32.38 MgN ha-1) increased (but C:N ratio 15.13 to 19.12 declined) along the altitudinal gradient (154 to 3170 m), forest types (tropical moist deciduous forest: MWLS < East Himalayan temperate forest: NVNP < East Himalayan sub-alpine forest: SNP) and annually (year 1 < year 2); however, opposite pattern was observed with increase in depths. The soil carbon stocks, SOC stocks, soil nitrogen stocks, and C:N ratio showed strong effects of forest type, depth, elevation, NDVI, bulk density, MI, and AET. Additionally, there was strong relationship of MAP with soil carbon stock and SOC stock, MAT with C:N ratio, and year of sampling with SOC stocks and C:N ratio. The soil carbon stocks, SOC stocks, and soil nitrogen stocks showed negative correlation with different environmental factors (MAT, MAP, NDVI, MI, AET), but positive correlation with elevation, however, C:N ratio had weak positive correlation. We conclude that the different forests types of Darjeeling Himalayas encompassing wide elevation gradient have high levels of soil carbon stocks, SOC stocks, soil nitrogen stocks, and C:N ratio, and hence must be properly managed to maximize their soil carbon sequestration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samjetsabam Bharati Devi
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India.
| | - Suratna Sur Shan Sher Sherpa
- Divisional Forest Officer, Working Plan (North), West Bengal Forest Department, Government of West Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734101, India
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Cao Y, Wang Y, Xu Z. Soil C:P Ratio along Elevational Gradients in Picea schrenkiana Forest of Tianshan Mountains. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2018.66.4.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue'e Cao
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Zhonglin Xu
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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Liu X, Garcia-Ulloa J, Cornioley T, Liu X, Wang Z, Garcia C. Main ecological drivers of woody plant species richness recovery in secondary forests in China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:250. [PMID: 30670705 PMCID: PMC6342914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying drivers behind biodiversity recovery is critical to promote efficient ecological restoration. Yet to date, for secondary forests in China there is a considerable uncertainty concerning the ecological drivers that affect plant diversity recovery. Following up on a previous published meta-analysis on the patterns of species recovery across the country, here we further incorporate data on the logging history, climate, forest landscape and forest attribute to conduct a nationwide analysis of the main drivers influencing the recovery of woody plant species richness in secondary forests. Results showed that regional species pool exerted a positive effect on the recovery ratio of species richness and this effect was stronger in selective cutting forests than that in clear cutting forests. We also found that temperature had a negative effect, and the shape complexity of forest patches as well as the percentage of forest cover in the landscape had positive effects on the recovery ratio of species richness. Our study provides basic information on recovery and resilience analyses of secondary forests in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Tina Cornioley
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Xuehua Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, and School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Department of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Claude Garcia
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
- Research Unit Forests and Societies, Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, 34392, France
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Introduction of a leguminous shrub to a rubber plantation changed the soil carbon and nitrogen fractions and ameliorated soil environments. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17324. [PMID: 30470791 PMCID: PMC6251934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of monoculture rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations into rubber-based agroforestry systems has become a common trend in forestry management in the past few decades. Rubber–Flemingia macrophylla (a leguminous shrub) systems are popular in southwestern China’s Xishuangbanna region. The biogeochemical cycles of soil carbon and nitrogen in forests are mainly affected by their fractions. This study investigated the effect of introducing Flemingia macrophylla to rubber plantations of different ages on soil carbon and nitrogen fractions. The experimental treatments included R1 (young rubber plantation), RF1 (young rubber–Flemingia macrophylla system), R2 (mature rubber plantation) and RF2 (mature rubber–Flemingia macrophylla system). The results showed that the introduction of Flemingia macrophylla to rubber plantations of different ages significantly changed soil carbon and nitrogen fractions, improved soil labile organic carbon and nitrogen contents, and ameliorated soil environments. The average soil microbial biomass organic carbon, nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen in the 0–10 cm soil layer during the experimental period was 38.9%, 55.5%, and 214.7% higher in RF1 than R1, respectively, and 22.1%, 22.2%, and 652.2% higher in RF2 than R2, respectively. Therefore, Flemingia macrophylla can be used as an alternative interplanted tree species within rubber plantations in similar environments of southeastern Asia.
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Humus Forms and Soil Microbiological Parameters in a Mountain Forest: Upscaling to the Slope Scale. SOIL SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems2010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Soil Nitrogen Storage, Distribution, and Associated Controlling Factors in the Northeast Tibetan Plateau Shrublands. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Salas Macías CA, Alegre Orihuela JC, Iglesias Abad S. Estimation of above‐ground live biomass and carbon stocks in different plant formations and in the soil of dry forests of the Ecuadorian coast. Food Energy Secur 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Salas Macías
- Facultad de Ingeniería AgronómicaUniversidad Técnica de Manabí Lodana, Santa Ana Ecuador
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