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Paltsev A, Bergström AK, Vuorio K, Creed IF, Hessen DO, Kortelainen P, Vuorenmaa J, de Wit HA, Lau DCP, Vrede T, Isles PDF, Jonsson A, Geibrink E, Kahilainen KK, Drakare S. Phytoplankton biomass in northern lakes reveals a complex response to global change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173570. [PMID: 38825201 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Global change may introduce fundamental alterations in phytoplankton biomass and community structure that can alter the productivity of northern lakes. In this study, we utilized Swedish and Finnish monitoring data from lakes that are spatially (135 lakes) and temporally (1995-2019, 110 lakes) extensive to assess how phytoplankton biomass (PB) of dominant phytoplankton groups related to changes in water temperature, pH and key nutrients [total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), iron (Fe)] along spatial (Fennoscandia) and temporal (25 years) gradients. Using a machine learning approach, we found that TP was the most important determinant of total PB and biomass of a specific species of Raphidophyceae - Gonyostomum semen - and Cyanobacteria (both typically with adverse impacts on food-webs and water quality) in spatial analyses, while Fe and pH were second in importance for G. semen and TN and pH were second and third in importance for Cyanobacteria. However, in temporal analyses, decreasing Fe and increasing pH and TOC were associated with a decrease in G. semen and an increase in Cyanobacteria. In addition, in many lakes increasing TOC seemed to have generated browning to an extent that significantly reduced PB. The identified discrepancy between the spatial and temporal results suggests that substitutions of data for space-for-time may not be adequate to characterize long-term effects of global change on phytoplankton. Further, we found that total PB exhibited contrasting temporal trends (increasing in northern- and decreasing in southern Fennoscandia), with the decline in total PB being more pronounced than the increase. Among phytoplankton, G. semen biomass showed the strongest decline, while cyanobacterial biomass showed the strongest increase over 25 years. Our findings suggest that progressing browning and changes in Fe and pH promote significant temporal changes in PB and shifts in phytoplankton community structures in northern lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Paltsev
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Irena F Creed
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dag Olav Hessen
- Centre of Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene and Department of Bioscience, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Heleen A de Wit
- Centre of Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene and Department of Bioscience, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Danny C P Lau
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Vrede
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter D F Isles
- Watershed Management Division, Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, Montpelier, VT, USA
| | - Anders Jonsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik Geibrink
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Stina Drakare
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Wei Z, Alam S, Verma M, Hilderbran M, Wu Y, Anderson B, Ho DE, Suckale J. Integrating water quality data with a Bayesian network model to improve spatial and temporal phosphorus attribution: Application to the Maumee River Basin. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121120. [PMID: 38759558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Surface water nutrient pollution, the primary cause of eutrophication, remains a major environmental concern in Western Lake Erie despite intergovernmental efforts to regulate nutrient sources. The Maumee River Basin has been the largest nutrient contributor. The two primary nutrient sources are inorganic fertilizer and livestock manure applied to croplands, which are later carried to the streams via runoff and soil erosion. Prior studies of nutrient source attribution have focused on large watersheds or counties at annual time scales. Source attribution at finer spatiotemporal scales, which enables more effective nutrient management, remains a substantial challenge. This study aims to address this challenge by developing a generalizable Bayesian network model for phosphorus source attribution at the subwatershed scale (12-digit Hydrologic Unit Code). Since phosphorus release is uncertain, we combine excess phosphorus derived from manure and fertilizer application and crop uptake data, flow information simulated by the SWAT model, and in-stream water quality measurements using Approximate Bayesian Computation to derive a posterior that attributes phosphorus contributions to subwatersheds. Our results show significant variability in subwatershed-scale phosphorus release that is lost in coarse-scale attribution. Phosphorus contributions attributed to the subwatersheds are on average lower than the excess phosphorus estimated by the nutrient balance approach currently adopted by environmental agencies. Fertilizer contributes more soluble reactive phosphorus than manure, while manure contributes most of the unreactive phosphorus. While developed for the specific context of Maumee River Basin, our lightweight and generalizable model framework could be adapted to other regions and pollutants and could help inform targeted environmental regulation and enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wei
- Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA; Regulation, Evaluation, and Governance Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
| | - Miki Verma
- Symbolic Systems Program, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
| | - Margaret Hilderbran
- Regulation, Evaluation, and Governance Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
| | - Brandon Anderson
- Regulation, Evaluation, and Governance Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel E Ho
- Regulation, Evaluation, and Governance Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
| | - Jenny Suckale
- Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
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3
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Jane SF, Mincer JL, Lau MP, Lewis ASL, Stetler JT, Rose KC. Longer duration of seasonal stratification contributes to widespread increases in lake hypoxia and anoxia. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1009-1023. [PMID: 36472079 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important attribute of aquatic ecosystems, influencing habitat, drinking water quality, biodiversity, nutrient biogeochemistry, and greenhouse gas emissions. While average summer DO concentrations are declining in lakes across the temperate zone, much remains unknown about seasonal factors contributing to deepwater DO losses. It is unclear whether declines are related to increasing rates of seasonal DO depletion or changes in seasonal stratification that limit re-oxygenation of deep waters. Furthermore, despite the presence of important biological and ecological DO thresholds, there has been no large-scale assessment of changes in the amount of habitat crossing these thresholds, limiting the ability to understand the consequences of observed DO losses. We used a dataset from >400 widely distributed lakes to identify the drivers of DO losses and quantify the frequency and volume of lake water crossing biologically and ecologically important threshold concentrations ranging from 5 to 0.5 mg/L. Our results show that while there were no consistent changes over time in seasonal DO depletion rates, over three-quarters of lakes exhibited an increase in the duration of stratification, providing more time for seasonal deepwater DO depletion to occur. As a result, most lakes have experienced summertime increases in the amount of water below all examined thresholds in deepwater DO concentration, with increases in the proportion of the water column below thresholds ranging between 0.9% and 1.7% per decade. In the 30-day period preceding the end of stratification, increases were greater at >2.2% per decade and >70% of analyzed lakes experienced increases in the amount of oxygen-depleted water. These results indicate ongoing climate-induced increases in the duration of stratification have already contributed to reduction of habitat for many species, likely increased internal nutrient loading, and otherwise altered lake chemistry. Future warming is likely to exacerbate these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Jane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Joshua L Mincer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Maximilian P Lau
- Interdisciplinary Environmental Research Centre, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Abigail S L Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan T Stetler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Kevin C Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
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4
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Woolway RI, Sharma S, Smol JP. Lakes in Hot Water: The Impacts of a Changing Climate on Aquatic Ecosystems. Bioscience 2022; 72:1050-1061. [PMID: 36325103 PMCID: PMC9618276 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Our planet is being subjected to unprecedented climate change, with far-reaching social and ecological repercussions. Below the waterline, aquatic ecosystems are being affected by multiple climate-related and anthropogenic stressors, the combined effects of which are poorly understood and rarely appreciated at the global stage. A striking consequence of climate change on aquatic ecosystems is that many are experiencing shorter periods of ice cover, as well as earlier and longer summer stratified seasons, which often result in a cascade of ecological and environmental consequences, such as warmer summer water temperatures, alterations in lake mixing and water levels, declines in dissolved oxygen, increased likelihood of cyanobacterial algal blooms, and the loss of habitat for native cold-water fisheries. The repercussions of a changing climate include impacts on freshwater supplies, water quality, biodiversity, and the ecosystem benefits that they provide to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Iestyn Woolway
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, England and with the School of Ocean Sciences at Bangor University in Anglesey, Wales
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John P Smol
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Paltsev A, Creed IF. Multi-decadal changes in phytoplankton biomass in northern temperate lakes as seen through the prism of landscape properties. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2272-2285. [PMID: 35014108 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecologists collectively predict that climate change will enhance phytoplankton biomass in northern lakes. Yet there are unique variations in the structures and regulating functions of lakes to make this prediction challengeable and, perhaps, inaccurate. We used archived Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite products to estimate epilimnetic chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass in 281 northern temperate lakes over 28 years. We explored the influence of climate (air temperature, precipitation) and landscape proxies for nutrient sources (proportion of wetlands in a contributing catchment, size of the littoral zone, potential for wind-driven sediment resuspension as estimated by the dynamic ratio) or nutrient sinks (lake volume) in a random forest model to explain heterogeneity in peak Chl-a. Lakes with higher Chl-a (median Chl-a = 2.4 μg L-1 , n = 40) had smaller volumes (<44 × 104 m3 ) and were more sensitive to increases in temperature. In contrast, lakes with lower Chl-a (median Chl-a = 0.6 μg L-1 , n = 241) had larger volumes (≥44 × 104 m3 ), contributing catchments with smaller proportions of wetlands (<4.5% of catchment area, n = 70), smaller littoral zones (<16.4 ha, n = 137), minimal wind-driven sediment resuspension (as defined by the dynamic ratio; <0.45, n = 232), and were more sensitive to increases in precipitation. Lakes with larger volumes were generally less responsive to climate factors; however, larger volume lakes with a significant proportion of wetlands and larger littoral zones behaved similarly to lakes with smaller volumes. Our finding that lakes with different landscape properties respond differently to climate factors may help predict the susceptibility of lakes to eutrophication under changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Paltsev
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irena F Creed
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Carleton JN, Washington BJ. Assessing Evidence of Phosphorus Concentration Trends in North American Fresh Waters. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION 2021; 57:956-971. [PMID: 36960312 PMCID: PMC10031499 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. EPA's National Aquatic Resource Surveys (NARS) documented evidence of widespread, unexplained total phosphorus (TP) concentration increases in lakes and streams across the United States during the 2000 - 2012 time period. To examine the robustness of evidence for this trend, we used additional monitoring datasets to calculate rates of TP change in thousands of individual waterbodies across the U.S. during the same time frame, and compared them against TP change rates calculated in the same manner for waterbodies that were resurveyed under NARS in different years. For the additional datasets, median rates of TP change were substantially lower than median rates calculated using NARS data. To further examine differences between NARS and non-NARS results in specific waterbodies, we assembled composite datasets for 52 predominantly northern lakes that by chance had been sampled under both NARS and other sampling programs during the same time frame. Using only NARS data, the median calculated TP change rate for this set of lakes was positive, and similar to that for the larger set of 401 resurveyed NARS lakes. However, when additional sample data were included, the median calculated TP change rate for these lakes was much lower. Results suggest that increasing TP concentrations in waterbodies may not have been as ubiquitous as suggested. They also illustrate a need to supplement randomized continental-scale monitoring with detailed, site-focused investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N. Carleton
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Mail Code 8623R), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC
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Oleksy IA, Jones SE, Solomon CT. Hydrologic Setting Dictates the Sensitivity of Ecosystem Metabolism to Climate Variability in Lakes. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGlobal change is influencing production and respiration in ecosystems across the globe. Lakes in particular are changing in response to climatic variability and cultural eutrophication, resulting in changes in ecosystem metabolism. Although the primary drivers of production and respiration such as the availability of nutrients, light, and carbon are well known, heterogeneity in hydrologic setting (for example, hydrological connectivity, morphometry, and residence) across and within regions may lead to highly variable responses to the same drivers of change, complicating our efforts to predict these responses. We explored how differences in hydrologic setting among lakes influenced spatial and inter annual variability in ecosystem metabolism, using high-frequency oxygen sensor data from 11 lakes over 8 years. Trends in mean metabolic rates of lakes generally followed gradients of nutrient and carbon concentrations, which were lowest in seepage lakes, followed by drainage lakes, and higher in bog lakes. We found that while ecosystem respiration (ER) was consistently higher in wet years in all hydrologic settings, gross primary production (GPP) only increased in tandem in drainage lakes. However, interannual rates of ER and GPP were relatively stable in drainage lakes, in contrast to seepage and bog lakes which had coefficients of variation in metabolism between 22–32%. We explored how the geospatial context of lakes, including hydrologic residence time, watershed area to lake area, and landscape position influenced the sensitivity of individual lake responses to climatic variation. We propose a conceptual framework to help steer future investigations of how hydrologic setting mediates the response of metabolism to climatic variability.
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8
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Are Northern Lakes in Relatively Intact Temperate Forests Showing Signs of Increasing Phytoplankton Biomass? Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lin J, Compton JE, Hill RA, Herlihy A, Sabo RD, Brooks JR, Weber M, Pickard B, Paulsen S, Stoddard JL. Context is Everything: Interacting Inputs and Landscape Characteristics Control Stream Nitrogen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7890-7899. [PMID: 34060819 PMCID: PMC8673309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To understand the environmental and anthropogenic drivers of stream nitrogen (N) concentrations across the conterminous US, we combined summer low-flow data from 4997 streams with watershed information across three survey periods (2000-2014) of the US EPA's National Rivers and Streams Assessment. Watershed N inputs explained 51% of the variation in log-transformed stream total N (TN) concentrations. Both N source and input rates influenced stream NO3/TN ratios and N concentrations. Streams dominated by oxidized N forms (NO3/TN ratio > 0.50) were more strongly responsive to the N input rate compared to streams dominated by other N forms. NO3 proportional contribution increased with N inputs, supporting N saturation-enhanced NO3 export to aquatic ecosystems. By combining information about N inputs with climatic and landscape factors, random forest models of stream N concentrations explained 70, 58, and 60% of the spatial variation in stream concentrations of TN, dissolved inorganic N, and total organic N, respectively. The strength and direction of relationships between watershed drivers and stream N concentrations and forms varied with N input intensity. Model results for high N input watersheds not only indicated potential contributions from contaminated groundwater to high stream N concentrations but also the mitigating role of wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Lin
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Jana E. Compton
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Ryan A. Hill
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Alan Herlihy
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
- Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Robert D. Sabo
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, HEEAD, Washington, DC 20004
| | - J. Renée Brooks
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - Marc Weber
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | | | - Steve Paulsen
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
| | - John L. Stoddard
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR 97333
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Hollister JW, Kellogg DQ, Kreakie BJ, Shivers SD, Milstead WB, Herron EM, Green LT, Gold AJ. Analyzing long-term water quality of lakes in Rhode Island and the northeastern United States with an anomaly approach. Ecosphere 2021; 12:10.1002/ecs2.3555. [PMID: 34249403 PMCID: PMC8262619 DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing anthropogenic impacts on aquatic ecosystems is a focus of lake management. Controlling phosphorus and nitrogen can mitigate these impacts, but determining management effectiveness requires long-term datasets. Recent analysis of the LAke multi-scaled GeOSpatial and temporal database for the Northeast (LAGOS-NE) United States found stable water quality in the northeastern and midwestern United States; however, sub-regional trends may be obscured. We used the University of Rhode Island's Watershed Watch Volunteer Monitoring Program (URIWW) dataset to determine if there were sub-regional (i.e., 3000 km2) water quality trends. URIWW has collected water quality data on Rhode Island lakes and reservoirs for over 25 yr. The LAGOS-NE and URIWW datasets allowed for comparison of water quality trends at regional and sub-regional scales, respectively. We assessed regional (LAGOS-NE) and sub-regional (URIWW) trends with yearly median anomalies calculated on a per-station basis. Sub-regionally, temperature and chlorophyll a increased from 1993 to 2016. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and the nitrogen:phosphorus ratio (N:P) were stable. At the regional scale, the LAGOS-NE dataset showed similar trends to prior studies of the LAGOS-NE with chlorophyll a, total nitrogen, and N:P all stable over time. Total phosphorus did show a very slight increase. In short, algal biomass, as measured by chlorophyll a in Rhode Island lakes and reservoirs increased, despite stability in total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio. Additionally, we demonstrated both the value of long-term monitoring programs, like URIWW, for identifying trends in environmental condition, and the utility of site-specific anomalies for analyzing for long-term water quality trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Hollister
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882 USA
| | - D. Q. Kellogg
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - B. J. Kreakie
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882 USA
| | - S. D. Shivers
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882 USA
| | - W. B. Milstead
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882 USA
| | - E. M. Herron
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - L. T. Green
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - A. J. Gold
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 USA
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Lapierre J, Collins SM, Oliver SK, Stanley EH, Wagner T. Inconsistent browning of northeastern U.S. lakes despite increased precipitation and recovery from acidification. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Francois Lapierre
- Département de sciences biologiques Université de Montréal Montréal QuébecH3C 3J7Canada
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL) Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal QuebecH3C 3P8Canada
| | - Sarah M. Collins
- Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming82701USA
- Program in Ecology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming82701USA
| | - Samantha K. Oliver
- U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Water Science Center Middleton Wisconsin53562USA
| | - Emily H. Stanley
- Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin53706USA
| | - Tyler Wagner
- U.S. Geological Survey Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania16802USA
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Wen Z, Song K, Shang Y, Lyu L, Yang Q, Fang C, Du J, Li S, Liu G, Zhang B, Cheng S. Variability of chlorophyll and the influence factors during winter in seasonally ice-covered lakes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 276:111338. [PMID: 32937234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lake ice is an essential and integral part of the cryosphere and freshwater systems. The formation of lake ice affects the physical, hydrological, and biological conditions of ecological systems. Global warming may contribute to even shorter periods of ice cover in the lakes of the Frigid Zone, which adversely affects the growth of phytoplankton and primary productivity. This study was conducted for the purpose of evaluating the growth of phytoplankton and factors involved, in 28 ice-covered lakes across the Songnen Plain, in the Northeast of China, to understand how they take part in the whole-ecosystem functioning. A total of 1026 water samples were collected in April, September, and January during the period 2014-2018. In the frozen period, the concentration levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were all comparable with the spring and autumn. Despite the limited light availability and low temperature, the phytoplankton survived in sub-ice waters during winter with a low concentration of chlorophyll a (Chla). Its average concentration was positively correlated with the concentration observed in the previous autumn (rp = 0.563, p < 0.01). According to the regression tree analysis, during the winter period, Chla was mainly related to the concentration of TN in sub-ice water (TNwater) and with the difference of concentration of TP between water and ice (TPcd). Furthermore, either in ice or in sub-ice water, the concentration of Chla was also significantly affected by total suspended matter (TSM) (p < 0.05). The levels of TNwater, TPcd, and TSM could explain the 77.8% of the variance in the concentration of Chla during winter with contributions in the ranges of 25.5%-35.0%, 9.2%-11.3%, and 21.5%-34.0%, respectively (p < 0.05). This research substantially contributes to comprehending how the existing conditions under-ice affect the whole ecosystem when the ice cover is reduced lakes or rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Wen
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Kaishan Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Yingxin Shang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Lili Lyu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Geo-exploration Science and Technology, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chong Fang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Jia Du
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Shuai Cheng
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
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13
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Schliep EM, Collins SM, Rojas-Salazar S, Lottig NR, Stanley EH. Data fusion model for speciated nitrogen to identify environmental drivers and improve estimation of nitrogen in lakes. Ann Appl Stat 2020. [DOI: 10.1214/20-aoas1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Stachelek J, Weng W, Carey CC, Kemanian AR, Cobourn KM, Wagner T, Weathers KC, Soranno PA. Granular measures of agricultural land use influence lake nitrogen and phosphorus differently at macroscales. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02187. [PMID: 32485044 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural land use is typically associated with high stream nutrient concentrations and increased nutrient loading to lakes. For lakes, evidence for these associations mostly comes from studies on individual lakes or watersheds that relate concentrations of nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) to aggregate measures of agricultural land use, such as the proportion of land used for agriculture in a lake's watershed. However, at macroscales (i.e., in hundreds to thousands of lakes across large spatial extents), there is high variability around such relationships and it is unclear whether considering more granular (or detailed) agricultural data, such as fertilizer application, planting of specific crops, or the extent of near-stream cropping, would improve prediction and inform understanding of lake nutrient drivers. Furthermore, it is unclear whether lake N and P would have different relationships to such measures and whether these relationships would vary by region, since regional variation has been observed in prior studies using aggregate measures of agriculture. To address these knowledge gaps, we examined relationships between granular measures of agricultural activity and lake total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in 928 lakes and their watersheds in the Northeastern and Midwest U.S. using a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach. We found that both lake TN and TP concentrations were related to these measures of agriculture, especially near-stream agriculture. The relationships between measures of agriculture and lake TN concentrations were more regionally variable than those for TP. Conversely, TP concentrations were more strongly related to lake-specific measures like depth and watershed hydrology relative to TN. Our finding that lake TN and TP concentrations have different relationships with granular measures of agricultural activity has implications for the design of effective and efficient policy approaches to maintain and improve water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Stachelek
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - W Weng
- School of Business, State University of New York College at Geneseo, 1 College Circle, Geneseo, New York, 14454, USA
| | - C C Carey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 926 W Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - A R Kemanian
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 247 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Bldg., University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - K M Cobourn
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, 310 W Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - T Wagner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - K C Weathers
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, New York, 12545, USA
| | - P A Soranno
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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15
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Liang Z, Soranno PA, Wagner T. The role of phosphorus and nitrogen on chlorophyll a: Evidence from hundreds of lakes. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116236. [PMID: 32739700 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nutrients on phytoplankton biomass in lakes continues to be a subject of debate by aquatic scientists. However, determining whether or not chlorophyll a (CHL) is limited by phosphorus (P) and/or nitrogen (N) is rarely considered using a probabilistic method in studies of hundreds of lakes across broad spatial extents. Several studies have applied a unified CHL-nutrient relationship to determine nutrient limitation, but pose a risk of ecological fallacy because they neglect spatial heterogeneity in ecological contexts. To examine whether or not CHL is limited by P, N, or both nutrients in hundreds of lakes and across diverse ecological settings, a probabilistic machine learning method, Bayesian Network, was applied. Spatial heterogeneity in ecological context was accommodated by the probabilistic nature of the results. We analyzed data from 1382 lakes in 17 US states to evaluate the cause-effect relationships between CHL and nutrients. Observations of CHL, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) were discretized into three trophic states (oligo-mesotrophic, eutrophic, and hypereutrophic) to train the model. We found that although both nutrients were related to CHL trophic state, TP was more related to CHL than TN, especially under oligo-mesotrophic and eutrophic CHL conditions. However, when the CHL trophic state was hypereutrophic, both TP and TN were important. These results provide additional evidence that P-limitation is more likely under oligo-mesotrophic or eutrophic CHL conditions and that co-limitation of P and N occurs under hypereutrophic CHL conditions. We also found a decreasing pattern of the TN/TP ratio with increasing CHL concentrations, which might be a key driver for the role change of nutrients. Previous work performed at smaller scales support our findings, indicating potential for extension of our findings to other regions. Our findings enhance the understanding of nutrient limitation at macroscales and revealed that the current debate on the limiting nutrient might be caused by failure to consider CHL trophic state. Our findings also provide prior information for the site-specific eutrophication management of unsampled or data-limited lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyao Liang
- Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Pennsylvania State University, 407 Forest Resources Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
| | - Patricia A Soranno
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
| | - Tyler Wagner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Pennsylvania State University, 402 Forest Resources Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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16
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Wen Z, Song K, Fang C, Yang Q, Liu G, Shang Y, Wang X. Estimation of K d(PAR) in inland waters across China in relation to the light absorption of optically active components. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30098-30111. [PMID: 31418147 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensive analysis of the relationships between the attenuation of photosynthetic active radiation (Kd(PAR)) and light absorption is an imperative requirement to retrieve Kd(PAR) from remote sensing data for aquatic environments. The spatial distributions of the Kd(PAR) and light absorption of optically active components (aOACs) were routinely estimated in China lakes and reservoirs. Spatial Kd(PAR) was relatively dependent on the inorganic particles (average relative contribution of 57.95%). The aOACs could explain 70-87% of Kd(PAR) variations. A linear model is used to predict Kd(PAR), as a function of light absorption coefficient of phytoplankton (aphy), colored dissolved organic matter (aCDOM), and inorganic particles (aNAP): Kd(PAR) = 0.41 + 0.57 × aCDOM + 0.96 × aNAP + 0.57 × aphy (R2 = 0.87, n = 741, p < 0.001). In the lakes with low TSM concentration and non-eutrophic lakes with high TSM, aCDOM was the most powerful predicting factor on Kd(PAR). In eutrophic lakes with high TSM, aNAP had the most significant impact on Kd(PAR). This study allowed Kd(PAR) to be predicted from aOACs values in the inland waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Wen
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Kaishan Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Chong Fang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Yingxin Shang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- Harbin University, Harbin, 150086, China
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17
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Abell JM, Özkundakci D, Hamilton DP, van Dam-Bates P, Mcdowell RW. Quantifying the Extent of Anthropogenic Eutrophication of Lakes at a National Scale in New Zealand. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9439-9452. [PMID: 31368301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying environmental changes relative to ecosystem reference conditions (baseline or natural states) can inform assessment of anthropogenic impacts and the development of restoration objectives and targets. We developed statistical models to predict current and reference concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in surface waters for a nationally representative sample of ≥1033 New Zealand lakes. The lake-specific nutrient concentrations reflected variation in factors including anthropogenic nutrient loads, hydrology, geology, elevation, climate, and lake and catchment morphology. Changes between reference and current concentrations were expressed to quantify the magnitude of anthropogenic eutrophication. Overall, there was a clear increase in lake trophic status, with the most common trophic status being oligotrophic under a reference state and mesotrophic under current conditions. The magnitude of departure from reference state varied considerably within the sample; however, on average, the mean TN concentration approximately doubled between reference and current states, whereas the mean TP concentration increased approximately 4-fold. This study quantified the extent of water quality degradation across lake types at a national scale, thereby informing ecological restoration objectives and the potential to reduce anthropogenic nutrient loads, while also providing a modeling framework that can be applied to lakes elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Abell
- Ecofish Research Limited , Suite 1220-1175 Douglas Street , Victoria , British Columbia Canada
| | - Deniz Özkundakci
- Environmental Research Institute , University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105 , Hamilton 3240 , New Zealand
- Waikato Regional Council , Hamilton , New Zealand
| | - David P Hamilton
- Environmental Research Institute , University of Waikato , Private Bag 3105 , Hamilton 3240 , New Zealand
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University , 170 Kessels Road , Nathan , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Paul van Dam-Bates
- Ecofish Research Limited , Suite 1220-1175 Douglas Street , Victoria , British Columbia Canada
| | - Richard W Mcdowell
- AgResearch , Lincoln Science Centre , Private Bag 4749 , Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
- Soil and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences , PO Box 84, Lincoln University , Lincoln 7647 , Christchurch New Zealand
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18
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Soranno PA, Wagner T, Collins SM, Lapierre JF, Lottig NR, Oliver SK. Spatial and temporal variation of ecosystem properties at macroscales. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1587-1598. [PMID: 31347258 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although spatial and temporal variation in ecological properties has been well-studied, crucial knowledge gaps remain for studies conducted at macroscales and for ecosystem properties related to material and energy. We test four propositions of spatial and temporal variation in ecosystem properties within a macroscale (1000 km's) extent. We fit Bayesian hierarchical models to thousands of observations from over two decades to quantify four components of variation - spatial (local and regional) and temporal (local and coherent); and to model their drivers. We found strong support for three propositions: (1) spatial variation at local and regional scales are large and roughly equal, (2) annual temporal variation is mostly local rather than coherent, and, (3) spatial variation exceeds temporal variation. Our findings imply that predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes at macroscales requires consideration of the dominant spatial signals at both local and regional scales that may overwhelm temporal signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Soranno
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan St. University, 480 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tyler Wagner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit, Pennsylvania State University, 402 Forest Resources Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sarah M Collins
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Lapierre
- Department of Biological Science, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Noah R Lottig
- Trout Lake Research Station, Univ. of Wisconsin, 3110 Trout Lake Station Drive, Boulder Junction, WI, 54512, USA
| | - Samantha K Oliver
- Upper Midwest Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI, 53562, USA
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19
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McCullough IM, Cheruvelil KS, Collins SM, Soranno PA. Geographic patterns of the climate sensitivity of lakes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01836. [PMID: 30644621 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a well-recognized threat to lake ecosystems and, although there likely exists geographic variation in the sensitivity of lakes to climate, broad-scale, long-term studies are needed to understand this variation. Further, the potential mediating role of local to regional ecological context on these responses is not well documented. In this study, we examined relationships between climate and water clarity in 365 lakes from 1981 to 2010 in two distinct regions in the northeastern and midwestern United States. We asked (1) How do climate-water-clarity relationships vary across watersheds and between two geographic regions? and (2) Do certain characteristics make some lakes more climate sensitive than others? We found strong differences in climate-water-clarity relationships both within and across the two regions. For example, in the northeastern region, water clarity was often negatively correlated with summer precipitation (median correlation = -0.32, n = 160 lakes), but was not correlated with summer average maximum temperature (median correlation = 0.09, n = 205 lakes). In the midwestern region, water clarity was not related to summer precipitation (median correlation = -0.04), but was often negatively correlated with summer average maximum temperature (median correlation = -0.18). There were few strong relationships between local and sub-regional ecological context and a lake's sensitivity to climate. For example, ecological context variables explained just 16-18% of variation in summer precipitation sensitivity, which was most related to total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, lake depth, and hydrology in both regions. Sensitivity to summer maximum temperature was even less predictable in both regions, with 4% or less of variation explained using all ecological context variables. Overall, we identified differences in the climate sensitivity of lakes across regions and found that local and sub-regional ecological context weakly influences the sensitivity of lakes to climate. Our findings suggest that local to regional drivers may combine to influence the sensitivity of lake ecosystems to climate change, and that sensitivities among lakes are highly variable within and across regions. This variability suggests that lakes are sensitive to different aspects of climate change (temperature vs. precipitation) and that responses of lakes to climate are heterogeneous and complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M McCullough
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Kendra Spence Cheruvelil
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Lyman Briggs College, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Sarah M Collins
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Patricia A Soranno
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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20
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Koel TM, Tronstad LM, Arnold JL, Gunther KA, Smith DW, Syslo JM, White PJ. Predatory fish invasion induces within and across ecosystem effects in Yellowstone National Park. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav1139. [PMID: 30906863 PMCID: PMC6426464 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Predatory fish introduction can cause cascading changes within recipient freshwater ecosystems. Linkages to avian and terrestrial food webs may occur, but effects are thought to attenuate across ecosystem boundaries. Using data spanning more than four decades (1972-2017), we demonstrate that lake trout invasion of Yellowstone Lake added a novel, piscivorous trophic level resulting in a precipitous decline of prey fish, including Yellowstone cutthroat trout. Plankton assemblages within the lake were altered, and nutrient transport to tributary streams was reduced. Effects across the aquatic-terrestrial ecosystem boundary remained strong (log response ratio ≤ 1.07) as grizzly bears and black bears necessarily sought alternative foods. Nest density and success of ospreys greatly declined. Bald eagles shifted their diet to compensate for the cutthroat trout loss. These interactions across multiple trophic levels both within and outside of the invaded lake highlight the potential substantial influence of an introduced predatory fish on otherwise pristine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M. Koel
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190, USA
| | - Lusha M. Tronstad
- Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Arnold
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190, USA
| | - Kerry A. Gunther
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190, USA
| | - Douglas W. Smith
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190, USA
| | - John M. Syslo
- Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Patrick J. White
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190, USA
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21
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Wen Z, Song K, Liu G, Shang Y, Fang C, Du J, Lyu L. Quantifying the trophic status of lakes using total light absorption of optically active components. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:684-693. [PMID: 30500747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication of lakes has become one of the world's most serious environmental problems, resulting in an urgent need to monitor and provide safeguards to control water quality. Results from analysis of lake trophic status based on calculated throphic state index (TSI) showed that 69.5% of the surveyed 277 lakes were in a state of eutrophication. Significant logarithmic relationships between light absorption of optically active components (aOACs) and TSI (R2 = 0.78) existed: TSI = 13.64 × ln(aOACs)+43.24, and the regression relationship between aOACs and TSI had a better degree of fit (R2) than the currently used reflectance-TSI relationship. aOACs appeared to be a good predictor of TSI estimation in lake ecosystems. The relationship coefficient (aOACs-TSI) slightly varied with lake type, and relationships in saline lakes and phy-type lakes were shown to be more robust than the relationship with the total lake data. This study highlights the quantification of the trophic status in lakes using aOACs, which realized the monitoring of trophic status in lakes using inherent optical properties on a large-scale. To our knowledge this is the first investigation to assess the variability of trophic status in lakes across China. The assessment trophic state of lakes based on aOACs provides a new way to monitor the trophic status of lakes, and findings may have applications for monitoring large-scale and long-term trophic patterns in lakes using remote sensing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Kaishan Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Ge Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yingxin Shang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Du
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Lili Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
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22
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Using Bayesian change point model to enhance understanding of the shifting nutrients-phytoplankton relationship. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Richardson J, Miller C, Maberly SC, Taylor P, Globevnik L, Hunter P, Jeppesen E, Mischke U, Moe SJ, Pasztaleniec A, Søndergaard M, Carvalho L. Effects of multiple stressors on cyanobacteria abundance vary with lake type. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:5044-5055. [PMID: 30005138 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of cyanobacteria are a current threat to global water security that is expected to increase in the future because of increasing nutrient enrichment, increasing temperature and extreme precipitation in combination with prolonged drought. However, the responses to multiple stressors, such as those above, are often complex and there is contradictory evidence as to how they may interact. Here we used broad scale data from 494 lakes in central and northern Europe, to assess how cyanobacteria respond to nutrients (phosphorus), temperature and water retention time in different types of lakes. Eight lake types were examined based on factorial combinations of major factors that determine phytoplankton composition and sensitivity to nutrients: alkalinity (low and medium-high), colour (clear and humic) and mixing intensity (polymictic and stratified). In line with expectations, cyanobacteria increased with temperature and retention time in five of the eight lake types. Temperature effects were greatest in lake types situated at higher latitudes, suggesting that lakes currently not at risk could be affected by warming in the future. However, the sensitivity of cyanobacteria to temperature, retention time and phosphorus varied among lake types highlighting the complex responses of lakes to multiple stressors. For example, in polymictic, medium-high alkalinity, humic lakes cyanobacteria biovolume was positively explained by retention time and a synergy between TP and temperature, while in polymictic, medium-high alkalinity, clear lakes only retention time was identified as an explanatory variable. These results show that, although climate change will need to be accounted for when managing the risk of cyanobacteria in lakes, a "one-size fits-all" approach is not appropriate. When forecasting the response of cyanobacteria to future environmental change, including changes caused by climate and local management, it will be important to take this differential sensitivity of lakes into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Richardson
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Claire Miller
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephen C Maberly
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | | | | | - Peter Hunter
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ute Mischke
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - S Jannicke Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Martin Søndergaard
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing, China
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24
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Wong WH, Dudula JJ, Beaudoin T, Groff K, Kimball W, Swigor J. Declining ambient water phosphorus concentrations in Massachusetts' rivers from 1999 to 2013: Environmental protection works. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 139:108-117. [PMID: 29631186 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last century, nutrient concentrations in streams, rivers, lakes and ponds have increased substantially in the United States. Elevated phosphorus levels are a concern due to their ability to cause changes in freshwater ecosystems that are detrimental to humans and wildlife. In the present study, long-term trends in total phosphorus (TP) concentrations from 20 rivers in central Massachusetts from 1999 to 2013 were investigated. Kendall's correlation coefficients were used to demonstrate that 18 of the 20 rivers had significant reductions in TP concentrations (P < 0.05). A similar trend was found when flow-adjusted TP concentrations were analyzed. At the beginning of monitoring activities, the average TP concentration in 9 of the 20 rivers was greater than 0.05 mg/L and 6 of these 9 rivers contained TP concentrations greater than 0.1 mg/L; about fifteen years later, only 3 rivers contained TP greater than 0.05 mg/L and none had concentrations> 0.1 mg/L. TP decreases were greater in rivers with more anthropogenic inputs. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the decline of TP in these Massachusetts streams is likely the result of advancements in wastewater treatment and implementation of effective non-point source management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hing Wong
- Watershed Planning Program, Division of Watershed Management, Bureau of Water Resources, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 8 New Bond Street, Worcester, MA, 01606, USA; Wetlands and Wastewater Program, Bureau of Water Resources, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, One Winter Street, Boston, MA, 02108, USA.
| | - John J Dudula
- Watershed Planning Program, Division of Watershed Management, Bureau of Water Resources, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 8 New Bond Street, Worcester, MA, 01606, USA
| | - Therese Beaudoin
- Watershed Planning Program, Division of Watershed Management, Bureau of Water Resources, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 8 New Bond Street, Worcester, MA, 01606, USA
| | - Kimberly Groff
- Watershed Planning Program, Division of Watershed Management, Bureau of Water Resources, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 8 New Bond Street, Worcester, MA, 01606, USA
| | - Warren Kimball
- Watershed Planning Program, Division of Watershed Management, Bureau of Water Resources, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 8 New Bond Street, Worcester, MA, 01606, USA
| | - Juliet Swigor
- Central Regional Office, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 8 New Bond Street, Worcester, MA, 01606, USA
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Soranno PA, Bacon LC, Beauchene M, Bednar KE, Bissell EG, Boudreau CK, Boyer MG, Bremigan MT, Carpenter SR, Carr JW, Cheruvelil KS, Christel ST, Claucherty M, Collins SM, Conroy JD, Downing JA, Dukett J, Fergus CE, Filstrup CT, Funk C, Gonzalez MJ, Green LT, Gries C, Halfman JD, Hamilton SK, Hanson PC, Henry EN, Herron EM, Hockings C, Jackson JR, Jacobson-Hedin K, Janus LL, Jones WW, Jones JR, Keson CM, King KBS, Kishbaugh SA, Lapierre JF, Lathrop B, Latimore JA, Lee Y, Lottig NR, Lynch JA, Matthews LJ, McDowell WH, Moore KEB, Neff BP, Nelson SJ, Oliver SK, Pace ML, Pierson DC, Poisson AC, Pollard AI, Post DM, Reyes PO, Rosenberry DO, Roy KM, Rudstam LG, Sarnelle O, Schuldt NJ, Scott CE, Skaff NK, Smith NJ, Spinelli NR, Stachelek JJ, Stanley EH, Stoddard JL, Stopyak SB, Stow CA, Tallant JM, Tan PN, Thorpe AP, Vanni MJ, Wagner T, Watkins G, Weathers KC, Webster KE, White JD, Wilmes MK, Yuan S. LAGOS-NE: a multi-scaled geospatial and temporal database of lake ecological context and water quality for thousands of US lakes. Gigascience 2018; 6:1-22. [PMID: 29053868 PMCID: PMC5721373 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/gix101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors that affect water quality and the ecological services provided by freshwater ecosystems is an urgent global environmental issue. Predicting how water quality will respond to global changes not only requires water quality data, but also information about the ecological context of individual water bodies across broad spatial extents. Because lake water quality is usually sampled in limited geographic regions, often for limited time periods, assessing the environmental controls of water quality requires compilation of many data sets across broad regions and across time into an integrated database. LAGOS-NE accomplishes this goal for lakes in the northeastern-most 17 US states. LAGOS-NE contains data for 51 101 lakes and reservoirs larger than 4 ha in 17 lake-rich US states. The database includes 3 data modules for: lake location and physical characteristics for all lakes; ecological context (i.e., the land use, geologic, climatic, and hydrologic setting of lakes) for all lakes; and in situ measurements of lake water quality for a subset of the lakes from the past 3 decades for approximately 2600–12 000 lakes depending on the variable. The database contains approximately 150 000 measures of total phosphorus, 200 000 measures of chlorophyll, and 900 000 measures of Secchi depth. The water quality data were compiled from 87 lake water quality data sets from federal, state, tribal, and non-profit agencies, university researchers, and citizen scientists. This database is one of the largest and most comprehensive databases of its type because it includes both in situ measurements and ecological context data. Because ecological context can be used to study a variety of other questions about lakes, streams, and wetlands, this database can also be used as the foundation for other studies of freshwaters at broad spatial and ecological scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Soranno
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Linda C Bacon
- Department of Environmental Protection, State of Maine, Augusta, ME 04330, USA
| | - Michael Beauchene
- Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, State of Connecticut, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Karen E Bednar
- Water Resources Program, Lac du Flambeau Tribal Natural Resources, Lac du Flambeau, WI, USA
| | - Edward G Bissell
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Claire K Boudreau
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Marvin G Boyer
- Environmental Planning, US Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Mary T Bremigan
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Stephen R Carpenter
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Jamie W Carr
- Office of Watershed Management, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, MA 10583, USA
| | - Kendra S Cheruvelil
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Samuel T Christel
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Matt Claucherty
- Watershed Protection, Tipp of the Mitt Watershed Council, Petoskey, MI 49770, USA
| | - Sarah M Collins
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Joseph D Conroy
- Division of Wildlife, Inland Fisheries Research Unit, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Hebron, OH 43025, USA
| | - John A Downing
- Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - Jed Dukett
- Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation, Ray Brook, NY 12977 USA
| | - C Emi Fergus
- National Research Council, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | | | - Clara Funk
- Office of Air and Radiation, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | | | - Linda T Green
- Natural Resource Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02892 USA
| | - Corinna Gries
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - John D Halfman
- Geoscience, Hobart & William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456 USA
| | - Stephen K Hamilton
- Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA
| | - Paul C Hanson
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Emily N Henry
- Outreach and Engagement, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Celeste Hockings
- Natural Resource Department, Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians, Lac du Flambeau, WI 54538, USA
| | - James R Jackson
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Bridgeport, NY, USA
| | | | - Lorraine L Janus
- Bureau of Water Supply, New York City Department of Environmental Protection, Valhalla, NY 10560, USA
| | - William W Jones
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - John R Jones
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Caroline M Keson
- Natural Resource Department, Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Harbor Springs, MI 49740, USA
| | - Katelyn B S King
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Scott A Kishbaugh
- Division of Water, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY 12233, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Lapierre
- Department of Biological Science, University of Montreal, Montreal Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Barbara Lathrop
- Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, State of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, PA 17101 USA
| | - Jo A Latimore
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yuehlin Lee
- Office of Watershed Management, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, Belchertown, MA 01007, USA
| | - Noah R Lottig
- Trout Lake Research Station, University of Wisconsin, Boulder Junction, WI 54512, USA
| | - Jason A Lynch
- Office of Air and Radiation, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - Leslie J Matthews
- Lakes and Ponds Program, Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, Montpelier, VT 05620, USA
| | - William H McDowell
- Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Karen E B Moore
- Water Quality Science and Research, New York City Department of Environmental Protection, Kingston, NY 12401, USA
| | - Brian P Neff
- National Research Program, USGS, Denver CO 80225, USA
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Samantha K Oliver
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Michael L Pace
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Donald C Pierson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Autumn C Poisson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - David M Post
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Paul O Reyes
- Office of Watershed Management, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, Belchertown, MA 01007, USA
| | | | - Karen M Roy
- Division of Air Resources, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Ray Brook, NY 12977, USA
| | - Lars G Rudstam
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Orlando Sarnelle
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nancy J Schuldt
- Environmental Program, Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians, Cloquet, MN 55720, USA
| | | | - Nicholas K Skaff
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nicole J Smith
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nick R Spinelli
- Watershed Management, Lake Wallenpaupack Watershed Management District, Hawley, PA, USA
| | - Joseph J Stachelek
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Emily H Stanley
- Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - John L Stoddard
- Western Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | | | - Craig A Stow
- Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab, NOAA, Ann Arbor, MI 47176, USA
| | - Jason M Tallant
- Biological Station, University of Michigan, Pellston, MI 49769, USA
| | - Pang-Ning Tan
- Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Anthony P Thorpe
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Vanni
- Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056 USA
| | - Tyler Wagner
- Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, USGS, 402 Forest Resources Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gretchen Watkins
- Water Resources Program, Lac du Flambeau Tribal Natural Resources, Lac du Flambeau, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey D White
- Biology Department, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Marcy K Wilmes
- Department of Environmental Quality, State of Michigan, Lansing, MI 48909, USA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Song K, Wen Z, Shang Y, Yang H, Lyu L, Liu G, Fang C, Du J, Zhao Y. Quantification of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) storage in lakes and reservoirs of mainland China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 217:391-402. [PMID: 29626842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a major fraction of carbon in inland waters, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a crucial role in carbon cycling on a global scale. However, the quantity of DOC stored in lakes and reservoirs was not clear to date. In an attempt to examine the factors that determine the DOC storage in lakes and reservoirs across China, we assembled a large database (measured 367 lakes, and meta-analyzed 102 lakes from five limnetic regions; measured 144 reservoirs, and meta-analyzed 272 reservoirs from 31 provincial units) of DOC concentrations and water storages for lakes and reservoirs that are used to determine DOC storage in static inland waters. We found that DOC concentrations in saline waters (Mean/median ± S.D: 50.5/30.0 ± 55.97 mg/L) are much higher than those in fresh waters (8.1/5.9 ± 6.8 mg/L), while lake DOC concentrations (25.9/11.5 ± 42.04 mg/L) are much higher than those in reservoirs (5.0/3.8 ± 4.5 mg/L). In terms of lake water volume and DOC storage, the Tibet-Qinghai lake region has the largest water volume (552.8 km3), 92% of which is saline waters, thus the largest DOC (13.39 Tg) is stored in these alpine lake region; followed by the Mengxin lake region, having a water volume of 99.4 km3 in which 1.75 Tg DOC was stored. Compared to Mengxin lake region, almost the same amount of water was stored in East China lake region (91.9 km3), however, much less DOC was stored in this region (0.43 Tg) due to the lower DOC concentration (Ave: 3.45 ± 2.68 mg/L). According to our investigation, Yungui and Northeast lake regions had water storages of 32.14 km3 and 19.44 km3 respectively, but relatively less DOC was stored in Yungui (0.13 Tg) than in Northeast lake region (0.19 Tg). Due to low DOC concentration in reservoirs, especially these large reservoirs having lower DOC concentration (V > 1.0 km3: 2.31 ± 1.48 mg/L), only 1.54 Tg was stored in a 485.1 km3 volume of water contained in reservoirs across the entire country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaishan Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Zhidan Wen
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Yingxing Shang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Pb115, NO-1431 As, Norway
| | - Lili Lyu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chong Fang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Du
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Lottig NR, Tan P, Wagner T, Cheruvelil KS, Soranno PA, Stanley EH, Scott CE, Stow CA, Yuan S. Macroscale patterns of synchrony identify complex relationships among spatial and temporal ecosystem drivers. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noah R. Lottig
- University of Wisconsin Center for Limnology Trout Lake Station, 3110 Trout Lake Station Dr. Boulder Junction Wisconsin 54531 USA
| | - Pang‐Ning Tan
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering Michigan State University 428 South Shaw Lane, Room 3115 East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Tyler Wagner
- U.S. Geological Survey Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit The Pennsylvania State University 420 Forest Resources Building University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Kendra Spence Cheruvelil
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife & Lyman Briggs College Michigan State University Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, Room 334D East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Patricia A. Soranno
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, Room 334D East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Emily H. Stanley
- University of Wisconsin Center for Limnology 680 North Park Street Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Caren E. Scott
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, Room 334D East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Craig A. Stow
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory 4840 South State Road Ann Arbor Michigan 48108 USA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering Michigan State University 428 South Shaw Lane, Room 3115 East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
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