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O'Connor HJ. Forty years of Helicobacter pylori infection and changes in findings at esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e13026. [PMID: 37818739 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is 40 years since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori infection. Over that time major changes have occurred in esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) findings. The aim of this review is to describe these changes, and the important role H. pylori infection has played in their evolution. METHODS References were identified through searches of PubMed using the search terms-endoscopy time trends, peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, upper gastrointestinal cancer, gastric polyps, H. pylori, eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, and celiac disease, from 1970 through December 2021. RESULTS The prevalence of H. pylori infection has fallen and consequently, H. pylori-positive peptic ulcer disease has become rare. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is now the commonest disorder diagnosed at EGD, and Barrett's esophagus has increased in parallel. Cancer of the distal stomach has fallen while esophageal adenocarcinoma and reflux-related cardia cancer have risen. Gastric polyps have changed from hyperplastic and adenomas to sporadic fundic gland polyps. Antimicrobial resistance has made H. pylori infection more difficult to eradicate. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, particularly eosinophilic esophagitis, have emerged as important new allergic disorders. Celiac disease has changed and increased. CONCLUSIONS EGD findings appear to have changed from features suggesting a H. pylori-positive "phenotype" 40 years ago to a H. pylori-negative "phenotype" today. These changes have major implications for the management of gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey J O'Connor
- Trinity Academic Gastroenterology Group, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, The University of Dublin, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Manfredi M, Gismondi P, Iuliano S. Is Helicobacter pylori Anyway Pathogen in Children? INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580231154650. [PMID: 36803205 PMCID: PMC9940224 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231154650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a continuous challenge for both gastroenterologists and pediatricians. The international guidelines regarding diagnostic and treatment pathways differ between adults and children. The pediatric guidelines are more restrictive because children are rarely affected by serious consequences, particularly in Western countries. Therefore, infected children should be treated only after a careful case-by-case evaluation by a pediatric gastroenterologist. In any case, recent studies are confirming an increasingly all-around pathological role of H. pylori even in asymptomatic children. For these reasons, following the current evidence, we feel that H. pylori-infected children could be treated starting in pre-adolescence, particularly in Eastern countries, because their stomachs have already begun to develop the biomarkers of gastric damage. Therefore, we believe that H. pylori is anyway pathogen in children. Nevertheless, the possible beneficial role of H. pylori in humans has not yet been conclusively disproved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Manfredi
- Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Maternal and Child Department, Pediatric Unit, Sant’Anna Hospital, Castelnovo ne Monti, Reggio Emilia, Italy,Marco Manfredi, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Maternal and Child Department, Pediatric Unit, Sant’Anna Hospital, via Roma, 2 - Castelnovo ne Monti, Reggio Emilia 42122, Italy.
| | - Pierpacifico Gismondi
- Week Hospital, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Iuliano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
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3
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Ma N, Guo P, Chen J, Qi Z, Liu C, Shen J, Sun Y, Chen X, Chen GQ, Ma X. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate alleviated diarrhea and colitis via Lactobacillus johnsonii biofilm-mediated maturation of sulfomucin. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022:10.1007/s11427-022-2213-6. [PMID: 36580163 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Maintainance of sulfomucin is a key end point in the treatment of diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanisms underlying the microbial sense to sulfomucin are poorly understood, and to date, there are no therapies targeting the secretion and maturation of sulfomucin in IBD. Herein, we biosynthesized poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and found that PHB could alleviate inflammation caused by diarrhea and colitis by enhancing the differentiation of sulfomucin. Microbiota transplantation and clearance together demonstrate that PHB promoting sulfomucin is mediated by Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii). Further studies revealed that PHB provides a favorable niche for L. johnsonii biofilm formation to resist disturbance and support its growth. L. johnsonii-biofilm alleviates colitis by regulating fucose residues to promote goblet cell differentiation and subsequent sulfomucin maturation. Importantly, PHB alleviates colitis by enhancing sulfomucin secretion and maturation in a L. johnsonii-dependent manner. PHB represents a class of guardians, acting as a safe probiotic-biofilm delivery system that significantly promotes probiotic proliferation. Altogether, this study adds weight to the possible role of probiotics and functional materials in the treatment of intestinal inflammation. The application of PHB and biofilm self-coating L. johnsonii carries high translational potential and may be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zengkai Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiakun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, MOE Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, School of Life Sciences and Dept Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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4
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Doulberis M, Kountouras J, Rogler G. Reconsidering the "protective" hypothesis of Helicobacter pylori infection in eosinophilic esophagitis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1481:59-71. [PMID: 32770542 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has attracted attention in the biomedical world with its numerous pathophysiologic implications, both gastrointestinal and systemic. Beyond its well-established carcinogenic properties, emerging evidence also supports "harmful" proinflammatory and neurodegenerative roles of H. pylori. On the other hand, H. pylori infection has been proposed to be "protective" against several diseases, such as asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a relatively new, allergen/immune-mediated disease, which has also been linked to these considerations. Main arguments are a postulated shift of immune responses by H. pylori from T helper 2 (TH 2) to TH 1 polarization, as well as a potential decline of the H. pylori burden with the dramatic parallel rise of ΕοΕ: a series of observational studies reported an inverse association. In this review, we counter these arguments by providing further epidemiological data, which point out that this generalization might be rather incomplete. We also discuss the limitations of the existing studies evaluating a possible association. Furthermore, we provide current evidence on common pathogenetic components, which share both entities. In summary, the claim that H. pylori is protective against EoE is rather incomplete, and further mechanistic studies are necessary to elucidate a possible association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Doulberis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Second Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Helicobacter pylori Oncogenicity: Mechanism, Prevention, and Risk Factors. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:3018326. [PMID: 32765194 PMCID: PMC7374235 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3018326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common cause of gastric ulcer; however, its association with gastric cancer has been proved through a variety of studies. Importantly, H. pylori infection affects around half of the world's population leading to a variety of gastric problems and is mostly present in asymptomatic form. Although about 20% of people infected with H. pylori develop preneoplastic gastric lesions in later stages of their life, around 2% of infected individuals develop gastric cancer. Nevertheless, the outcome of H. pylori infection is determined by complex interaction between the host genetics, its environment, and virulence factors of infecting strain. There are several biomarkers/traits of H. pylori that have been linked with the onset of cancer. Among these, presence of certain major virulence factors including cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), and outer inflammatory protein A (OipA) plays a significant role in triggering gastric cancer. These factors of H. pylori make it a potent carcinogen. Therefore, eradication of H. pylori infection has shown positive effects on decreasing the risk of gastric cancer, but this has become a challenge due to the development of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori against the antibiotics of choice. Thus, the unmet need is to develop new and effective treatments for H. pylori infection, considering the antimicrobial resistance in different regions of the world. This review discusses the properties of H. pylori associated with increased risk of gastric cancer, antibiotic resistance pattern, and the possible role of eradication of H. pylori in preventing gastric cancer.
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6
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Hussain Z, El-Omar E, Lee YY. Dual infective burden of Helicobacter pylori and intestinal parasites: Good or bad news for the host? Indian J Gastroenterol 2020; 39:111-116. [PMID: 32372188 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-020-01045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Emad El-Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.
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7
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Potential Impact of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Reflux Disease Sequence: Illuminating the Gap. J Clin Gastroenterol 2020; 54:200-201. [PMID: 31851102 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Systematic Review with Meta-analysis: Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Esophageal Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:1953497. [PMID: 31871444 PMCID: PMC6913313 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1953497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori is an important carcinogenic factor in gastric cancer. Studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori infection is inversely associated with certain diseases such as esophageal cancer and whose infection appears to have a “protective effect.” At present, the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal cancer remains controversial. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of esophageal cancer in different regions and ethnicities. Methods Systematic search of the articles on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal cancer from the database with the duration time up to December 2018. This systematic review was performed under the MOOSE guidelines. Results This meta-analysis included 35 studies with 345,886 patients enrolled. There was no significant correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the general population (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.64-1.09/OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.54-0.97). However, a significant correlation was found in the Middle East (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.22-0.52/95% CI: 0.26-0.44). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori between the case group and the control group in esophageal adenocarcinoma (8.87% vs. 9.67%). The pooled OR was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.43-0.70) or 0.23 (95% CI: 0.15-0.36). When grouped by match or not, the pooled OR of the nonmatching group and the matching group was 0.48/0.21 (95% CI: 0.36-0.65/95% CI: 0.13-0.36) and 0.73/0.71 (95% CI: 0.57-0.92/95% CI: 0.60-0.84), respectively. Conclusion In the general populations, no significant association was found between Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, lower risk was found in the Middle East. Helicobacter pylori infection may reduce the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, but such “protection effect” may be overestimated.
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Kountouras J, Doulberis M, Papaefthymiou A, Polyzos SA, Vardaka E, Tzivras D, Dardiotis E, Deretzi G, Giartza‐Taxidou E, Grigoriadis S, Katsinelos P. A perspective on risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma: emphasis onHelicobacter pyloriinfection. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1452:12-17. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical ClinicAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical ClinicAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
- Department of General Internal MedicineUniversity Hospital Inselspital Bern Switzerland
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical ClinicAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
- Department of Gastroenterology401 General Military Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Stergios A. Polyzos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical ClinicAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
- The First Department of Pharmacology, Department of MedicineAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Elizabeth Vardaka
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical ClinicAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Dimitri Tzivras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical ClinicAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
- St. Elisabeth‐Hospital Herten GmbH Herten Germany
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical ClinicAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly Larissa Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of NeurologyPapageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Evaggelia Giartza‐Taxidou
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical ClinicAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Savas Grigoriadis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical ClinicAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical ClinicAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
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10
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Jie W, Qinghong X, Zhitao C. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Int Med Res 2018; 47:748-753. [PMID: 30453813 PMCID: PMC6381500 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518809871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Many studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is negatively correlated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Moreover, some studies deny that eradication of Hp increases the incidence of GERD. Therefore, we investigated the association of Hp infection with GERD. Methods In this retrospective analysis, patients with peptic ulcers were used as a blank control group. We used logistic regression to analyze the relationship between Hp infection and GERD. We analyzed 953 patients with peptic ulcers, 180 patients with both peptic ulcers and GERD, and 298 patients with GERD. Results Among the patients with GERD, 75.6% (136/180) and 36.2% (108/298) of those with and without peptic ulcers, respectively, had Hp infection, and the difference was statistically significant. Among patients with peptic ulcers, 75.6% (136/180) and 67.4% (642/953) of those with and without GERD, respectively, had Hp infection. The incidence of GERD in patients with Hp-positive and -negative peptic ulcers was 17.5% (136/778) and 12.4% (44/355), respectively. These differences were also statistically significant. Conclusion In the analysis of patients with GERD, the prevalence of Hp infection was higher among patients with than without peptic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Jie
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,2 Medical College of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xu Qinghong
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,2 Medical College of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chen Zhitao
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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11
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Miftahussurur M, Doohan D, Nusi IA, Adi P, Rezkitha YAA, Waskito LA, Fauzia KA, Bramantoro T, Maimunah U, Thamrin H, Masithah SI, Sukadiono S, Uchida T, Lusida MI, Yamaoka Y. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in an area with low Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205644. [PMID: 30427843 PMCID: PMC6241118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) prevalence and its risk factors in an area with low Helicobacter pylori prevalence is important to clarify. We analyzed the prevalence of GERD and risk factors in an area of Indonesia with low prevalence of H. pylori infection. We recruited 104 dyspeptic patients who underwent endoscopy in Surabaya. Patients were diagnosed with GERD based on the Los Angeles classification. We evaluated gastric biopsy specimens and measured serum pepsinogen levels. Interleukin polymorphisms were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Of 104 patients, 56 (53.8%) were endoscopically found to have GERD, with most categorized as grade A; 48 (46.2%) were classified as non-GERD. Higher economic status, smoking, and a history of proton-pump inhibitor use significantly increased the risk of GERD. GERD Questionnaire scores showed a positive correlation with GERD (P < 0.001). An association was found between antral atrophic gastritis and GERD (P = 0.030), and patients with GERD more frequently had severe antral atrophy than nonerosive reflux disease (P = 0.018). We found an association between pepsinogen I/II levels and GERD (P = 0.047), but with low accuracy. IL-1β -511 TT and CT were predominant among the IL-1β -511 genotypes, and IL-8-251 AT and TT were predominant among the IL-8-251 genotypes. In conclusion, we found a high prevalence of GERD in an area with low prevalence of H. pylori infection, which could be associated with acid reflux. Smoking, history of proton-pump inhibitor use, and higher economic group significantly increased the risk of GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dalla Doohan
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Iswan Abbas Nusi
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Pangestu Adi
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Langgeng Agung Waskito
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Kartika Afrida Fauzia
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Taufan Bramantoro
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ummi Maimunah
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Husin Thamrin
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Maria Inge Lusida
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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12
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Farouk WI, Hassan NH, Ismail TR, Daud IS, Mohammed F. Warthin-Starry Staining for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsies. Malays J Med Sci 2018; 25:92-99. [PMID: 30914851 PMCID: PMC6422537 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Warthin-Starry (WS) staining is an ancillary stain used in the detection of Helicobacter sp., spirochaete and other microorganisms in tissue sections. The present study aimed to determine the validity of WS stain in the confirmation of H. pylori diagnosis in gastric biopsies in comparison with anti-H. pylori immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Methods This study involved 104 cases of gastric biopsies that were previously subjected to WS staining. All cases involved retrieval of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) gastric biopsies that were re-cut, subjected to anti-H. pylori IHC staining and reviewed blindly by a pathologist. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of WS as compared to IHC were calculated. Results In this study, WS stain was less sensitive in detecting H. pylori. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for WS stain were 50.0%, 92.4%, 79.2% and 76.3%, respectively. Conclusions The sensitivity of WS stain in the histopathology laboratory was lower than that described previously. Several external factors that might influence the results were identified. However, sufficient information on patients’ history of treatment and medication would be required for the diagnosis or confirmation of the presence of H. pylori in gastric biopsies by WS staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirda Indah Farouk
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Institute of Medical Science & Technology (UNIKL MESTECH), 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayah Hassan
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Institute of Medical Science & Technology (UNIKL MESTECH), 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teh Rasyidah Ismail
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Institute of Medical Science & Technology (UNIKL MESTECH), 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Sufinaz Daud
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Institute of Medical Science & Technology (UNIKL MESTECH), 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fazarina Mohammed
- Pathology Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC), 56000 Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Kountouras J, Polyzos SA, Doulberis M, Stergiopoulos C, Katsinelos P. Comment on "Therapeutic Application of an Extract of Helicobacter pylori Ameliorates the Development of Allergic Airway Disease". JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:3027. [PMID: 29685946 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Stergiopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 551 33 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
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14
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Khasag O, Boldbaatar G, Tegshee T, Duger D, Dashdorj A, Uchida T, Matsuhisa T, Yamaoka Y. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and other risk factors among Mongolian dyspeptic patients who have a high incidence and mortality rate of gastric cancer. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:14. [PMID: 29636824 PMCID: PMC5883366 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mongolia has not only the second highest incidence rate but also the highest mortality rate for gastric cancer globally. In addition to gastric cancer, ulcerative disease complications are also life threatening; thus, investigating Helicobacter pylori infection and other risk factors is essential. RESULTS H.pylori infection was high in tested dyspeptic patients from all parts of Mongolia, with an overall infection rate of 80.0%. Logistic regression analysis showed that H. pylori infection was associated with gastritis (odds ratio; 9.0 ([95% confidence interval 5.0-16.2]); p < 0.0001). H. pylori infection (3.3 [2.0-5.4]; p < 0.0001) and > 40 years old (1.5 [1.0-2.0]; p < 0.02) were both associated with atrophy. However, > 40 years old (3.8 [2.4-6.0]; p < 0.0001) and high salt intakes (1.6 [1.0-2.3]; p < 0.02), but not H. pylori infection, were associated with intestinal metaplasia. Excessive amount of salt usage was dramatically higher in northern and western parts of Mongolia, where precancerous diseases, such as erosive esophagitis (for cardia cancer), severe atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia (for non-cardia cancer), were highly prevalent. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori infection was the major gastric health problem among the Mongolian population. In addition, environmental factors such as high salt intake worsened the clinical outcome. Therefore, a nationwide screening and eradication of H. pylori infection as well as salt-reducing measures should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyuntsetseg Khasag
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Gantuya Boldbaatar
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | | | - Davaadorj Duger
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Azzaya Dashdorj
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsuhisa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tama-Nagayama University Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael De Bakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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15
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Doulberis M, Kotronis G, Thomann R, Polyzos SA, Boziki M, Gialamprinou D, Deretzi G, Katsinelos P, Kountouras J. Review: Impact of Helicobacter pylori on Alzheimer's disease: What do we know so far? Helicobacter 2018; 23. [PMID: 29181894 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori has changed radically gastroenterologic world, offering a new concept in patients' management. Over time, more medical data gave rise to diverse distant, extragastric manifestations and interactions of the "new" discovered bacterium. Special interest appeared within the field of neurodegenerative diseases and particularly Alzheimer's disease, as the latter and Helicobacter pylori infection are associated with a large public health burden and Alzheimer's disease ranks as the leading cause of disability. However, the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and Alzheimer's disease remains uncertain. METHODS We performed a narrative review regarding a possible connection between Helicobacter pylori and Alzheimer's disease. All accessible relevant (pre)clinical studies written in English were included. Both affected pathologies were briefly analyzed, and relevant studies are discussed, trying to focus on the possible pathogenetic role of this bacterium in Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS Data stemming from both epidemiologic studies and animal experiments seem to be rather encouraging, tending to confirm the hypothesis that Helicobacter pylori infection might influence the course of Alzheimer's disease pleiotropically. Possible main mechanisms may include the bacterium's access to the brain via the oral-nasal-olfactory pathway or by circulating monocytes (infected with Helicobacter pylori due to defective autophagy) through disrupted blood-brain barrier, thereby possibly triggering neurodegeneration. CONCLUSIONS Current data suggest that Helicobacter pylori infection might influence the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. However, further large-scale randomized controlled trials are mandatory to clarify a possible favorable effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology, before the recommendation of short-term and cost-effective therapeutic regimens against Helicobacter pylori-related Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Doulberis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Hospital, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Kotronis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Agios Pavlos General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Robert Thomann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Hospital, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Stergios A Polyzos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Marina Boziki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Dimitra Gialamprinou
- Department of Pediatrics, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
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16
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Teng G, Dai Y, Chu Y, Li J, Zhang H, Wu T, Shuai X, Wang W. Helicobacter pylori induces caudal-type homeobox protein 2 and cyclooxygenase 2 expression by modulating microRNAs in esophageal epithelial cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:297-307. [PMID: 29215765 PMCID: PMC5797820 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been linked to virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori. The role of H. pylori in esophageal disease has not been clearly defined. We previously reported that H. pylori esophageal colonization promotes the incidence of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma in vivo. Here, we studied the direct effects of H. pylori on the transformation of esophageal epithelial cells, with particular focus on whether H. pylori exerts its effects by modulating miRNAs and their downstream target genes. The normal human esophageal cell line HET‐1A was chronically exposed to H. pylori extract and/or acidified deoxycholic acid for up to 36 weeks. The miRNA profiles of the esophageal epithelial cells associated with H. pylori infection were determined by microarray analysis. We found that chronic H. pylori exposure promoted acidified deoxycholic acid‐induced morphological changes in HET‐1A cells, along with aberrant overexpression of intestinal metaplasia markers and tumorigenic factors, including caudal‐type homeobox protein 2 (CDX2), mucin 2, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). Helicobacter pylori modified the miRNA profiles of esophageal epithelial cells, particularly aberrant silencing of miR‐212‐3p and miR‐361‐3p. Moreover, in biopsies from Barrett's esophagus patients, esophageal H. pylori colonization was associated with a significant decrease in miR‐212‐3p and miR‐361‐3p expression. Furthermore, we identified COX2 as a target of miR‐212‐3p, and CDX2 as a target of miR‐361‐3p. Helicobacter pylori infection of esophageal epithelial cells was associated with miRNA‐mediated upregulation of oncoprotein CDX2 and COX2. Our observations provide new evidence about the molecular mechanisms underlying the association between H. pylori infection and esophageal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guigen Teng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiang Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, China Meitan General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Shuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Polyzos SA, Zeglinas C, Artemaki F, Doulberis M, Kazakos E, Katsinelos P, Kountouras J. Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal adenocarcinoma: a review and a personal view. Ann Gastroenterol 2018; 31:8-13. [PMID: 29333062 PMCID: PMC5759616 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is etiologically associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). There is evidence to support the sequence GERD, Barrett's esophagus (BE), dysplasia, and finally EAC, with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) being implicated in each step to EAC. On the other side of this relation stands the hypothesis of the protective role of H. pylori against EAC. Based on this controversy, our aim was to review the literature, specifically original clinical studies and meta-analyses linking H. pylori infection with EAC, but also to provide our personal and others' relative views on this topic. From a total of 827 articles retrieved, 10 original clinical studies and 6 meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. Original studies provided inconclusive data on an inverse or a neutral association between H. pylori infection and EAC, whereas meta-analyses of observational studies favor an inverse association. Despite these data, we consider that the positive association between H. pylori infection and GERD or BE, but not EAC, is seemingly a paradox. Likewise, the oncogenic effect of H. pylori infection on gastric and colon cancer, but not on EAC, also seems to be a paradox. In this regard, well-designed prospective cohort studies with a powered sample size are required, in which potential confounders should be taken into consideration since their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Zeglinas
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Fotini Artemaki
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
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18
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Preda CM, Proca D, Sandra I, Fulger LE, Horeanga BC, Manuc M, Manuc T, Dutei CA, Barbu M, Tugui L, Andrei AC, Slavulete BI, Diculescu M. A Comparative Study of Efficacy and Safety of Two Eradication Regimens for Helicobacter pylori Infection. MAEDICA 2017; 12:157-163. [PMID: 29218061 PMCID: PMC5706753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most frequent diseases around the world, affecting about half of the world population. The infection is known to be associated with upper gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this paper is to identify which of the following two first-line therapy options (ECA vs ECM - see abbreviations below) is more efficient and to assess the improvement in the quality of life among these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS 96 patients with proven Helicobacter pylori infection were divided in two treatment groups, as follows: 47 patients received a 10-day triple therapy with esomeprazole 80 mg/day, amoxicillin 2000 mg/day and clarithromycin 1000 mg/day (ECA) and the rest of 49 received a 10-day sequential therapy: esomeprazole 40 mg and amoxicillin 1000 mg twice daily for five days, followed by esomeprazole 40 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg and metronidazole 500 mg (ECM) twice daily for another five days. Assessment of Helicobacter pylori infection was performed using the stool antigen test one month after the patient finished therapy. At the beginning of the study and at the follow-up visit, every subject was asked to complete the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI). RESULTS Twenty three patients did not come for the follow-up visit (24% drop-out rate). The ECA therapy group had an efficacy rate of 94%, while the rate of the ECM treated group was 95% (per protocol analysis). There was no significant difference regarding the baseline characteristics between the two groups. The entire group treatment tolerability was approximately 85%, with no statistical difference between groups (p-value = 0.824). Quality of life improvement was 11.18 points in the ECA treated group and 13.4 points in the ECM treated group (p=NS). Regarding the quality of life improvement, the results were positive, irrespective of type of peptic disease, but the most important results were obtained in peptic ulcer disease, functional dyspepsia and chronic gastritis. CONCLUSIONS Both ECA and ECM regimens are almost equally effective in Helicobacter pylori eradication and significantly improve the quality of life irrespective of type of peptic disease. The limitation of this study was the significant drop-out rate (24%) that may have overestimated the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Monica Preda
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Doina Proca
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Sandra
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Larisa Elena Fulger
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Boroka Claudia Horeanga
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Manuc
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodora Manuc
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Andrei Dutei
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Barbu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Letitia Tugui
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana-Corina Andrei
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ionut Slavulete
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Diculescu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
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19
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Miftahussurur M, Nusi IA, Graham DY, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter, Hygiene, Atopy, and Asthma. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1034. [PMID: 28642748 PMCID: PMC5462935 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hygiene hypothesis links environmental and microbial exposures in early life to the prevalence of atopy, allergy, and asthma. Helicobacter pylori infection is typically acquired in childhood and acquisition of the infection is associated with poor household hygiene. Some population surveys have shown an inverse association between H. pylori infection and atopy, allergy, and asthma leading to the suggestion that H. pylori infection may be protective against disease; others consider it simply a biomarker for poor household hygiene. We review the relevant surveys, cohort studies, meta-analyses, and studies testing the protective hypothesis. Overall, the results of surveys and cohort studies are inconsistent, whereas meta-analyses show a significant but weak inverse correlation. In contrast, studies directly testing the protection hypothesis in relation to asthma in populations with poor hygiene and low H. pylori prevalence failed to confirm a protective effect. H. pylori is a major cause of human disease including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric malignancies. H. pylori infections most likely serve as a biomarker for poor hygienic conditions in childhood. We conclude that while synergistic interactions between environmental factors in childhood are important determinants of the pathogenesis of atopy, allergy, and asthma; H. pylori is inversely related to good hygiene and thus it's presence serves as a biomarker rather than for a specific prevention role for H. pylori or H. pylori antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, United States
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of MedicineYufu, Japan
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya, Indonesia
| | - Iswan A. Nusi
- Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas AirlanggaSurabaya, Indonesia
| | - David Y. Graham
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, United States
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, United States
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of MedicineYufu, Japan
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20
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Sheu B, Wu M, Chiu C, Lo J, Wu D, Liou J, Wu C, Cheng H, Lee Y, Hsu P, Chang C, Chang W, Lin J. Consensus on the clinical management, screening-to-treat, and surveillance of Helicobacter pylori infection to improve gastric cancer control on a nationwide scale. Helicobacter 2017; 22:e12368. [PMID: 28066960 PMCID: PMC5434958 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous international consensus statements provided general policies for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, there are geographic differences in the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori, and in the availability of medications and endoscopy. Thus, nationwide or regional consensus statements are needed to improve control of H. pylori infection and gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This consensus statement for management of H. pylori in Taiwan has three major sections: (1) optimal diagnosis and indications; (2) current treatment strategies; and (3) screening-to-treat and surveillance for control of gastric cancer. The literature review emphasized recent data for development of draft statements and determination of levels of evidence. Twenty-five Taiwan experts conducted a consensus conference, by a modified Delphi process, to modify the draft statements. Consensus, defined as an agreement of least 80% of the experts, and recommendation grade were determined by anonymous voting. RESULTS There were 24 consensus statements. Section 1 has seven statements on recommendations for the diagnosis and indications for treatment of H. pylori infection. Section 2 has 10 statements that provide an updated treatment algorithm for first-line, second-line, and third-line regimens. Section 3 has seven statements regarding H. pylori eradication for reducing the risk of gastric cancer, with a cost-benefit analysis. After H. pylori eradication, the consensus highlights the use of endoscopic surveillance and/or chemoprevention to further reduce the burden of gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS This consensus statement has updated recommendations for improving the clinical management of H. pylori infection in areas such as Taiwan, which have high prevalence of H. pylori infection and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor‐Shyang Sheu
- Departments of Institute of Clinical Medicine and Internal MedicineNational Cheng Kung University HospitalCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of Internal MedicineTainan HospitalMinistry of Health and WelfareTainanTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Cheng‐Tang Chiu
- Gastroenterology Endoscopy CenterChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkoTaiwan
| | - Jing‐Chuan Lo
- Department of Internal MedicineTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Deng‐Chyang Wu
- Department of Internal MedicinePrivate Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Jyh‐Ming Liou
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Ying Wu
- Department of Internal MedicineTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hsiu‐Chi Cheng
- Departments of Institute of Clinical Medicine and Internal MedicineNational Cheng Kung University HospitalCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of Internal MedicineTainan HospitalMinistry of Health and WelfareTainanTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Chia Lee
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ping‐I Hsu
- Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Chao Chang
- Department of Internal MedicinePrivate Taipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Lun Chang
- Departments of Institute of Clinical Medicine and Internal MedicineNational Cheng Kung University HospitalCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of Internal MedicineTainan HospitalMinistry of Health and WelfareTainanTaiwan
| | - Jaw‐Town Lin
- School of MedicineFu Jen Catholic UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
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21
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Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of adult-onset asthma: a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:1587-1594. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-2972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Hatta W, Tong D, Lee YY, Ichihara S, Uedo N, Gotoda T. Different time trend and management of esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma in three Asian countries. Dig Endosc 2017; 29 Suppl 2:18-25. [PMID: 28425657 DOI: 10.1111/den.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma has been on the increase in Western countries. However, in Asian countries, data on the incidence of EGJ adenocarcinoma are evidently lacking. In the present review, we focus on the current clinical situation of EGJ adenocarcinoma in three Asian countries: Japan, Hong Kong, and Malaysia. The incidence of EGJ adenocarcinoma has been reported to be gradually increasing in Malaysia and Japan, whereas it has stabilized in Hong Kong. However, the number of cases in these countries is comparatively low compared with Western countries. A reason for the reported difference in the incidence and time trend of EGJ adenocarcinoma among the three countries may be explained by two distinct etiologies: one arising from chronic gastritis similar to distal gastric cancer, and the other related to gastroesophageal reflux disease similar to esophageal adenocarcinoma including Barrett's adenocarcinoma. This review also shows that there are several concerns in clinical practice for EGJ adenocarcinoma. In Hong Kong and Malaysia, many EGJ adenocarcinomas have been detected at a stage not amenable to endoscopic resection. In Japan, histological curability criteria for endoscopic resection cases have not been established. We suggest that an international collaborative study using the same definition of EGJ adenocarcinoma may be helpful not only for clarifying the characteristics of these cancers but also for improving the clinical outcome of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daniel Tong
- Division of Esophageal and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shin Ichihara
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriya Uedo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuji Gotoda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Dzutsev A, Badger JH, Perez-Chanona E, Roy S, Salcedo R, Smith CK, Trinchieri G. Microbes and Cancer. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 35:199-228. [PMID: 28142322 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Commensal microorganisms (the microbiota) live on all the surface barriers of our body and are particularly abundant and diverse in the distal gut. The microbiota and its larger host represent a metaorganism in which the cross talk between microbes and host cells is necessary for health, survival, and regulation of physiological functions locally, at the barrier level, and systemically. The ancestral molecular and cellular mechanisms stemming from the earliest interactions between prokaryotes and eukaryotes have evolved to mediate microbe-dependent host physiology and tissue homeostasis, including innate and adaptive resistance to infections and tissue repair. Mostly because of its effects on metabolism, cellular proliferation, inflammation, and immunity, the microbiota regulates cancer at the level of predisposing conditions, initiation, genetic instability, susceptibility to host immune response, progression, comorbidity, and response to therapy. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the interaction of the microbiota with cancer and the evidence suggesting that the microbiota could be targeted to improve therapy while attenuating adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiran Dzutsev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Jonathan H Badger
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Ernesto Perez-Chanona
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Soumen Roy
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Rosalba Salcedo
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Carolyne K Smith
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
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Hillard JR, Kashup S. Managing Helicobacter pylori in college health, with special considerations for international students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2016; 64:404-408. [PMID: 26595094 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1085053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori infection is the major cause of dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. This paper will make specific recommendations for a diagnostic and treatment strategy tailored to the international student population. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS This paper is a case report and narrative review based on recent international epidemiologic studies and consensus conference recommendations identified in MEDLINE. RESULTS In the nations (mostly Asian) that send the largest number of students to the United States, the prevalence of H. pylori is generally 60% to 80%, whereas the prevalence in the United States is about 25%. The patterns of antibiotic resistance in those countries are also different than that in the general US population. CONCLUSIONS Health care providers should have a higher index of suspicion for Helicobacter infection among international students with dyspepsia and need to use a different treatment regimen than is standard for the general US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Randolph Hillard
- a Department of Psychiatry , Michigan State University Colleges of Medicine , East Lansing , Michigan , USA
| | - Suman Kashup
- b Olin Student Health Center, Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan , USA
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Chai FY, Chong HC, Tan YE, Heng SSL, Asilah SMD, Ridwan H. Helicobacter pylori Infection Rates in Patients Undergoing Endoscopy in the Interior of Borneo. Helicobacter 2016; 21:158-62. [PMID: 26347248 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Very limited data are available on the Helicobacter pylori infection among the population of interior Borneo. We aimed to investigate the H. pylori infection rate among an endoscoped interior Borneo population and to report the differences between the infected and noninfected patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of the rapid urease test (RUT) records in Endoscopy Unit Hospital Keningau from January 2009 to May 2014. Student's t-test, chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used accordingly. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for H. pylori infection. Birth cohort was analyzed against H. pylori infection rate with chi-square test. RESULTS Overall, there were 215 of 774 (27.8%) positive RUTs. Patients with H. pylori infection were younger (47.66 ± 14.93 vs 50.50 ± 15.02 years, p = .019), more likely to be female (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.12-2.13, p = .008) and originated from the Pensiangan district (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.01-2.64, p = .047). Chinese patients were less likely infected with H. pylori (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.16-0.80, p = .013). Birth cohort was significantly associated with H. pylori infection rate (χ(2) (7) = 14.71, p = .040) with an increasing trend of H. pylori infection rate in patients born later (χ(2) (1) = 5.26, p = .022). CONCLUSION The overall H. pylori infection rate in this population was unexpectedly low. Accordingly, it may be a recent arrival in this community. Gender, age, dietary practice, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity were among the factors associated with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yih Chai
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Keningau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Yew Eng Tan
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Keningau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Hashim Ridwan
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Keningau, Sabah, Malaysia
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Ma ZF, Majid NA, Yamaoka Y, Lee YY. Food Allergy and Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Systematic Review. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:368. [PMID: 27047479 PMCID: PMC4804492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Based on the hygiene hypothesis, a low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may explain the recent high prevalence of allergic diseases including food allergy. However, there are very few studies that investigate the relationship between H. pylori and food allergy. Summary: We searched for PubMed, Ovid Medline and the Cochrane library for relevant articles published in English from inception to November 2015. The inverse relationship between H. pylori and food allergy remains unproven because of contradictory and limited evidence at the moment. Likewise, only limited studies have examined the relationship between CagA; one of H. pylori virulence factor and food allergy. On the other hand, in vitro evidence seems to point out a role of H. pylori in the causation of food allergy. The inconsistent results from epidemiological data may be due to small sample size, heterogeneous populations and unstandardised methods or food allergens. Conclusion: Available studies do not support the role of H. pylori in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fei Ma
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Noorizan A Majid
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, USA; Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of MedicineYufu, Japan
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Nagy P, Johansson S, Molloy-Bland M. Systematic review of time trends in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in China and the USA. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:8. [PMID: 26981156 PMCID: PMC4791971 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection has stabilized in the USA and is decreasing in China. We conducted a systematic literature analysis to test this hypothesis. PubMed and Embase searches were conducted up to 19 January 2015. Trends in the prevalence of H. pylori infection over time were assessed by regression analysis using Microsoft Excel. Overall, 25 Chinese studies (contributing 28 datasets) and 11 US studies (contributing 11 datasets) were included. There was a significant decrease over time in the H. pylori infection prevalence for the Chinese studies overall (p = 0.00018) and when studies were limited to those that used serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) assays to detect H. pylori infection (p = 0.014; 20 datasets). The weighted mean prevalence of H. pylori infection was 66 % for rural Chinese populations and 47 % for urban Chinese populations. There was a significant trend towards a decreasing prevalence of H. pylori infection for studies that included only urban populations (p = 0.04; 9 datasets). This trend was no longer statistically significant when these studies were further restricted to those that used serum IgG assays to detect H. pylori infection, although this may have been because of low statistical power due to the small number of datasets available for this analysis (p = 0.28; 6 datasets). There were no significant trends in terms of changes in the prevalence of H. pylori infection over time for studies conducted in the USA. In conclusion, the prevalence of H. pylori infection is most likely decreasing in China, due to a combination of increasing urbanization, which we found to be associated with lower H. pylori infection rates, and possibly also decreasing rates of H. pylori infection within urban populations. This will probably result in a gradual decrease in peptic ulcer and gastric cancer rates in China over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nagy
- AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Saga Johansson
- AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Michael Molloy-Bland
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Durham, UK ; Research Evaluation Unit, Oxford PharmaGenesis Ltd, Oxford, UK
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Helicobacter pylori outer membrane protein and virulence marker differences in expatriate patients. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144:2200-8. [PMID: 26941114 DOI: 10.1017/s095026881600025x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori virulence markers, e.g. cytotoxin associated gene (cagA), cagA promoter, vacuolating associated cytotoxin A (vacA) alleles induced by contact with epithelium (iceA type), and outer membrane protein Q (hopQ) in expatriates and compared them with those in local residents. Gastric biopsies were obtained at endoscopy for culture, histology and PCR for virulence marker and hopQ. Of 309 patients, 236 (76%) were males with a mean age of 45 years. A total of 102 patients were expatriates. hopQ type 1 was present in 98 (47%) local residents compared to 88 (86%) expatriates (P < 0·001), while hopQ type 2 was present in 176 (85%) local residents, compared to 60 (59%) expatriates (P < 0·001). H. pylori virulence marker cagA was positive in 97 (47%) local residents compared to 86 (84%) expatriates (P < 0·001) while cagA-P was positive in 72 (35%) local residents compared to 87 (85%) expatriates (P < 0·001). iceA type 1 was positive in 157 (76%) local residents compared to 45 (44%) expatriates (P < 0·001), while iceA type 2 was positive in 81 (39%) local residents compared to 86 (84%) expatriates (P < 0·001). Distribution of H. pylori cagA, cagA promoter, iceA and hopQ type in local residents and expatriates was different. H. pylori virulence markers were associated with severe pathology in expatriates.
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Liu KSH, Wong IOL, Leung WK. Helicobacter pylori associated gastric intestinal metaplasia: Treatment and surveillance. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1311-1320. [PMID: 26811668 PMCID: PMC4716041 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related death in the world, particularly in East Asia. According to the Correa’s cancer cascade, non-cardia GC is usually developed through a series of mucosal changes from non-atrophic gastritis to atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Atrophic gastritis and IM are therefore generally considered to be pre-neoplastic gastric lesions. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is an important initiating and promoting step of this gastric carcinogenesis cascade. Emerging long-term data showed that eradication of H. pylori reduced the risk of subsequent cancer development. It however remains confusing whether eradication of the bacterium in individuals with pre-neoplastic gastric lesions could regress these changes as well as in preventing cancer. Whilst H. pylori eradication could likely regress AG, the presence of IM may be a point of no return in this cascade. Hence, surveillance by endoscopy may be indicated in those with extensive IM or those with incomplete IM, particularly in populations with high GC risk. The optimal interval and the best tool of surveillance endoscopy remains to be determined in future studies.
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30
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Daugule I, Zavoronkova J, Santare D. Helicobacter pylori and allergy: Update of research. World J Methodol 2015; 5:203-211. [PMID: 26713280 PMCID: PMC4686417 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v5.i4.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently a lot of literature has been published about the possible preventive action of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) against allergy. The present review summarizes research data about the association between H. pylori and allergic diseases, as well as discusses possible hypotheses about the preventive action of H. pylori against atopy. There is evidence from observational studies to support a weak inverse association between prevalence of H. pylori infection and allergy. However, confounders like some unidentified socioeconomic factors, antibiotic use and others could bias the association. Although data from cohort studies point to a possible association of H. pylori with some of the allergic diseases, no definite proof for causal relationship has been clearly demonstrated yet. A biological mechanism proposed to explain the preventive action of H. pylori to allergy is reduced exposure to a major stimulus for the generation of Treg cells in individuals without H. pylori infection. In addition, H. pylori could be an indicator for changes in gut microbiome, reflecting the complex interaction between microbes and immune system.
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Risk Factors and Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Five Largest Islands of Indonesia: A Preliminary Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140186. [PMID: 26599790 PMCID: PMC4658100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Indonesia is still controversial and mainly investigated in the largest ethnic group, Javanese. We examined the prevalence of H. pylori infection using four different tests including culture, histology confirmed by immunohistochemistry and rapid urease test. We also analyzed risk factors associated with H. pylori infection in five largest islands in Indonesia. From January 2014–February 2015 we consecutively recruited a total of 267 patients with dyspeptic symptoms in Java, Papua, Sulawesi, Borneo and Sumatera Island. Overall, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 22.1% (59/267). Papuan, Batak and Buginese ethnics had higher risk for H. pylori infection than Javanese, Dayak and Chinese ethnics (OR = 30.57, 6.31, 4.95; OR = 28.39, 5.81, 4.61 and OR = 23.23, 4.76, 3.77, respectively, P <0.05). The sensitivity and specificity for RUT and culture were 90.2%, 92.9% and 80.5%, 98.2%, respectively. The patients aged 50–59 years group had significantly higher H. pylori infection than 30–39 years group (OR 2.98, P = 0.05). Protestant had significantly higher H. pylori infection rate than that among Catholic (OR 4.42, P = 0.008). It was also significantly lower among peoples who used tap water as source of drinking water than from Wells/river (OR 9.67, P = 0.03). However only ethnics as become independent risk factors for H. pylori infection. Although we confirmed low prevalence of H. pylori in Javanese; predominant ethnic in Indonesia, several ethnic groups had higher risk of H. pylori infection. The age, religion and water source may implicate as a risk factor for H. pylori infection in Indonesia.
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Abadi ATB, Ierardi E, Lee YY. Why do we still have Helicobacter Pylori in our Stomachs. Malays J Med Sci 2015; 22:70-75. [PMID: 28239271 PMCID: PMC5295741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of any infectious agent in a highly acidic human stomach is contentious, but the chance finding of Helicobacter pylori is by no means an accident. Once H. pylori colonises the gastric mucosa, it can persist for a lifetime, and it is intriguing why our immune system is able to tolerate its existence. Some conditions favour the persistence of H. pylori in the stomach, but other conditions oppose the colonisation of this bacterium. Populations with high and extremely low prevalence of H. pylori provide useful insights on the clinical outcomes that are associated with this type of infection. Adverse clinical outcomes including peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer depend on a delicate balance between a harmless inflammation and a more severe kind of inflammation. Is the only good H. pylori really a dead H. pylori? The jury is still out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enzo Ierardi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Jamaludin S, Mustaffa N, Che Hamzah NA, Syed Abdul Aziz SH, Lee YY. Diagnostic accuracy of reused Pronto Drytest and CLOtest in the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection. BMC Gastroenterol 2015; 15:101. [PMID: 26264957 PMCID: PMC4534069 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-015-0332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unchanged substrate in a negative rapid urease test may be reused to detect Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This could potentially reduce costs and wastage in low prevalence and resource-poor settings. We thus aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of reused Pronto Dry® and CLOtest® kits, comparing this to the use of new Pronto Dry® test kits and histopathological evaluation of gastric mucosal biopsies. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, subjects who presented for upper endoscopy due to various non-emergent causes had gastric biopsies obtained at three adjacent sites. Biopsy samples were tested for H. pylori using a reused Pronto Dry® test, a reused CLOtest®, a new Pronto Dry® test and histopathological examination. Concordance rates, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy were then determined. Results A total of 410 subjects were recruited. The sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of reused Pronto Dry® tests were 72.60 % (95 % CI, 61.44 – 81.51) and 94.15 % (95 % CI, 91.44 – 96.04) respectively. For reused CLOtests®, the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy were 93.15 % (95 % CI 85.95 – 97.04) and 98.29 % (95 % CI 96.52 – 99.17) respectively. There were more true positives for new and reused Pronto Dry® pallets as compared to new and reused CLOtests® when comparing colour change within 30 min vs. 31–60 min (P < 0.001 and P = 0.7 respectively). Conclusion Negative Pronto Dry® and CLOtest® kits may be reused in a low prevalence setting where cost issues remain paramount. Reused CLOtest® kits have better accuracy than reused Pronto Dry® tests. Reused Pronto Dry® tests however have a more rapid colour change whilst maintaining diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahidi Jamaludin
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nazri Mustaffa
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | | | | | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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The diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Arctic regions with a high prevalence of infection: Expert Commentary. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 144:225-33. [PMID: 26094936 PMCID: PMC4697284 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815001181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause of peptic ulcer and is also associated with chronic gastritis, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Guidelines have been developed in the United States and Europe (areas with low prevalence) for the diagnosis and management of this infection, including the recommendation to ‘test and treat’ those with dyspepsia. A group of international experts performed a targeted literature review and formulated an expert opinion for evidenced-based benefits and harms for screening and treatment of H. pylori in high-prevalence countries. They concluded that in Arctic countries where H. pylori prevalence exceeds 60%, treatment of persons with H. pylori infection should be limited only to instances where there is strong evidence of direct benefit in reduction of morbidity and mortality, associated peptic ulcer disease and MALT lymphoma and that the test-and-treat strategy may not be beneficial for those with dyspepsia.
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Lu Y, Lu F, Zeng S, Sun S, Lu L, Liu L. Genetics and gastric cancer susceptibility. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:8377-8383. [PMID: 26309491 PMCID: PMC4538020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer has high morbidity and mortality in China. It is ranked first in malignant tumors of the digestive system. Its etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear, but they may be associated with a variety of factors. Genetic susceptibility genes have become a research hotspot in China. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms of gastric cancer can facilitate achieving individualized prevention and developing more effective methods to reduce clinical adverse consequences, which has important clinical significance. Genetic susceptibility results from the influence of genetic factors or specific genetic defects that endow an individual's offspring with certain physiological and metabolic features that are prone to certain diseases. Currently, studies on the genetic susceptibility genes of gastric cancer have become a hotspot. The purpose is to screen for the etiology of gastric cancer, search for gene therapy methods, and ultimately provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of gastric cancer. This article reviews the current progress of studies on genetic susceptibility genes for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng 252000, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng 252000, China
| | - Sha Zeng
- Central Laboratory, Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng 252000, China
| | - Suqing Sun
- Foreign Affairs Office, Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng 252000, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng International Peace HospitalLiaocheng 252000, China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng 252000, China
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36
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Sitaraman R. Allergies, Helicobacter pylori and the continental enigmas. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:578. [PMID: 26106380 PMCID: PMC4460424 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a gastric pathogen, is known to be associated with gastric and duodenal ulcers, and is also a strong risk factor for the development of gastric cancer and lymphoma of the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue. Ordinarily, this should make a strong case for its eradication at par with any other infectious disease. However, the unique biology of H. pylori and the complexity of its interactions with humans, its only known natural host, do not permit the recommendation of unambiguous preventive and therapeutic measures. Moreover, this organism has co-evolved with humans as a practically universal member of the natural gastric microbiota over at least 100,000 years. H. pylori persists for a lifetime in mostly asymptomatic hosts, and causes clinical disease only in a minority of infections. Therefore, its potential contribution to the maintenance of human immune homeostasis, as is the case with the better-studied members of the intestinal microbiota, is certainly worthy of serious investigation. In this paper, we summarize some interesting and often anecdotal data drawn from recent studies, and examine their significance in the context of the hygiene hypothesis. We also examine whether the lower incidence of gastric cancer over large parts of the world in spite of a high prevalence of infection (the Asian and African enigmas) may be re-interpreted in terms of the hygiene hypothesis. Finally, it is suggested that an evolutionary-ecological approach to the study of H. pylori infection may help in the formulation of strategies for the management of this infection. This may well be an infectious disease wherein medical interventions may have to be personalized to ensure optimal outcomes.
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Helicobacter pylori vacA as marker for gastric cancer and gastroduodenal diseases: one but not the only factor. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 52:4451. [PMID: 25399000 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02640-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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38
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Graham DY. Helicobacter pylori update: gastric cancer, reliable therapy, and possible benefits. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:719-31.e3. [PMID: 25655557 PMCID: PMC4375058 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection contributes to the development of diverse gastric and extragastric diseases. The infection is necessary but not sufficient for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. Its eradication would eliminate a major worldwide cause of cancer death, therefore there is much interest in identifying how, if, and when this can be accomplished. There are several mechanisms by which H pylori contributes to the development of gastric cancer. Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of many cancers associated with inflammation, which is induced by H pylori infection, yet the bacteria also cause genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to genetic instability in gastric epithelial cells. H pylori eradication reduces both. However, many factors must be considered in determining whether treating this bacterial infection will prevent cancer or only reduce its risk-these must be considered in designing reliable and effective eradication therapies. Furthermore, H pylori infection has been proposed to provide some benefits, such as reducing the risks of obesity or childhood asthma. When tested, these hypotheses have not been confirmed and are therefore most likely false.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Graham
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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39
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is human gastric pathogen that causes chronic and progressive gastric mucosal inflammation and is responsible for the gastric inflammation-associated diseases, gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease. Specific outcomes reflect the interplay between host-, environmental- and bacterial-specific factors. Progress in understanding putative virulence factors in disease pathogenesis has been limited and many false leads have consumed scarce resources. Few in vitro-in vivo correlations or translational applications have proved clinically relevant. Reported virulence factor-related outcomes reflect differences in relative risk of disease rather than specificity for any specific outcome. Studies of individual virulence factor associations have provided conflicting results. Since virulence factors are linked, studies of groups of putative virulence factors are needed to provide clinically useful information. Here, the authors discuss the progress made in understanding the role of H. pylori virulence factors CagA, vacuolating cytotoxin, OipA and DupA in disease pathogenesis and provide suggestions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental & Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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40
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Myint T, Shiota S, Vilaichone RK, Ni N, Aye TT, Matsuda M, Tran TTH, Uchida T, Mahachai V, Yamaoka Y. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and atrophic gastritis in patients with dyspeptic symptoms in Myanmar. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:629-636. [PMID: 25605987 PMCID: PMC4296025 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i2.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To survey the detailed analyses for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and gastric mucosal status in Myanmar.
METHODS: A total of 252 volunteers with dyspeptic symptoms (155 female and 97 male; mean age of 43.6 ± 14.2 years) was participated in Yangon and Mandalay. The status of H. pylori infection was determined based on 5 different tests including rapid urease test, culture, histology, immunohistochemistry and serology. Histological scores were evaluated according to the update Sydney system and the Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment system. Pepsinogen (PG) I and PG II were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 48.0%. There was no relationship between age and infection rate. Even in young group (less than 29 years old), the H. pylori infection rate was relatively high (41.9%). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in Yangon than that of Mandalay. H. pylori infection was significantly associated with the presence of gastric mucosal atrophy. All 7 subjects with peptic ulcer were infected with H. pylori. Although H. pylori-positive subjects showed stronger gastritis than H. pylori-negative subjects, most cases had mild gastritis.
CONCLUSION: We revealed the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with dyspeptic symptoms in Myanmar. The H. pylori infection was a risk factor for peptic ulcer and stronger gastritis.
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41
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LEE YY. What is Obesity Doing to Your Gut? Malays J Med Sci 2015; 22:1-3. [PMID: 25892944 PMCID: PMC4390768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a fast-emerging epidemic in the Asia-Pacific region, with numbers paralleling the rising global prevalence within the past 30 years. The landscape of gut diseases in Asia has been drastically changed by obesity. In addition to more non-specific abdominal symptoms, obesity is the cause of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, various gastrointestinal cancers (colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer and gallbladder cancer) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Abnormal cross-talk between the gut microbiome and the obese host seems to play a central role in the pathogenesis, but more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Yeh LEE
- Sub-Editor (Medical Base), Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Kumar N, Mariappan V, Baddam R, Lankapalli AK, Shaik S, Goh KL, Loke MF, Perkins T, Benghezal M, Hasnain SE, Vadivelu J, Marshall BJ, Ahmed N. Comparative genomic analysis of Helicobacter pylori from Malaysia identifies three distinct lineages suggestive of differential evolution. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:324-35. [PMID: 25452339 PMCID: PMC4288169 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The discordant prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and its related diseases, for a long time, fostered certain enigmatic situations observed in the countries of the southern world. Variation in H. pylori infection rates and disease outcomes among different populations in multi-ethnic Malaysia provides a unique opportunity to understand dynamics of host–pathogen interaction and genome evolution. In this study, we extensively analyzed and compared genomes of 27 Malaysian H. pylori isolates and identified three major phylogeographic lineages: hspEastAsia, hpEurope and hpSouthIndia. The analysis of the virulence genes within the core genome, however, revealed a comparable pathogenic potential of the strains. In addition, we identified four genes limited to strains of East-Asian lineage. Our analyses identified a few strain-specific genes encoding restriction modification systems and outlined 311 core genes possibly under differential evolutionary constraints, among the strains representing different ethnic groups. The cagA and vacA genes also showed variations in accordance with the host genetic background of the strains. Moreover, restriction modification genes were found to be significantly enriched in East-Asian strains. An understanding of these variations in the genome content would provide significant insights into various adaptive and host modulation strategies harnessed by H. pylori to effectively persist in a host-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Kumar
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramani Baddam
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Aditya K Lankapalli
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Sabiha Shaik
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Khean-Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tim Perkins
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Seyed E Hasnain
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Barry J Marshall
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Talebi Bezmin Abadi A, Lee YY. Letter: inverse correlation between Helicobacter pylori and obesity - a conclusion too early? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40:1119. [PMID: 25280259 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Talebi Bezmin Abadi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Nevin DT, Morgan CJ, Graham DY, Genta RM. Helicobacter pylori gastritis in HIV-infected patients: a review. Helicobacter 2014; 19:323-9. [PMID: 24773336 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk factors for acquiring Helicobacter pylori and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections are different: H. pylori is transmitted by gastro- or fecal-oral routes and is associated with low socioeconomic conditions, while HIV is transmitted through sexual intercourse, infected body fluids, and transplacentally. If the host responses to these infections were independent, the prevalence of H. pylori should be similar in HIV-infected and non-infected patients. Yet, several studies have detected a lower prevalence of H. pylori in patients with HIV infection, whereas other studies found either no differences or greater rates of H. pylori infection in HIV-positive subjects. OBJECTIVE To review studies that addressed the issue of these two simultaneous infections and attempt to determine whether reliable conclusions can be drawn from this corpus of often contrasting evidence. METHODS Electronic literature search for relevant publications, followed by manual search of additional citations from extracted articles. RESULTS The initial search yielded 44 publications; after excluding case reports, reviews, narrowly focused articles, and duplicate reports, there remained 29 articles, which are the corpus of this review. With one exception, all studies reported higher rates of H. pylori infection in HIV-negative subjects. Five studies also examined the CD4 lymphocyte counts and found an inverse correlation between the degree of immunosuppression and the prevalence of active H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence suggests that it is likely that H. pylori needs a functional immune system to successfully and persistently colonize the human gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Nevin
- Miraca Life Sciences Research Institute, Irving, TX, USA
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Miftahussurur M, Tuda J, Suzuki R, Kido Y, Kawamoto F, Matsuda M, Tantular IS, Pusarawati S, Nasronudin, Harijanto PN, Yamaoka Y. Extremely low Helicobacter pylori prevalence in North Sulawesi, Indonesia and identification of a Maori-tribe type strain: a cross sectional study. Gut Pathog 2014; 6:42. [PMID: 25299127 PMCID: PMC4189669 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-014-0042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sulawesi in Indonesia has a unique geographical profile with assumed separation from Sundaland. Studies of Helicobacter pylori in this region are rare due to the region’s rural location and lack of endoscopy equipment. Indirect methods are, therefore, the most appropriate for measuring H. pylori infection in these areas; with the disposable gastric brush test, we can obtain gastric juice as well as small gastric tissue samples for H. pylori culture. We investigated the prevalence of H. pylori infection and evaluated human migration patterns in the remote areas of North Sulawesi. Methods We recruited a total of 251 consecutive adult volunteers and 131 elementary school children. H. pylori infection was determined by urine antibody test. A gastric brush test was used to culture H. pylori. We used next-generation and polymerase chain reaction based sequencing to determine virulence factors and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Results The overall H. pylori prevalence was only 14.3% for adults and 3.8% for children, and 13.6% and 16.7% in Minahasanese and Mongondownese participants, respectively. We isolated a single H. pylori strain, termed -Manado-1. Manado-1 was East Asian type cagA (ABD type), vacA s1c-m1b, iceA1 positive/iceA2 negative, jhp0562-positive/β-(1,3) galT-negative, oipA “on”, and dupA-negative. Phylogenetic analyses showed the strain to be hspMaori type, a major type observed in native Taiwanese and Maori tribes. Conclusions Our data support that very low H. pylori infection prevalence in Indonesia. Identification of hspMaori type H. pylori in North Sulawesi may support the hypothesis that North Sulawesi people migrated from north.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593 Japan ; Gastroentero-Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Airlangga University Faculty of Medicine, Surabaya, 60131 Indonesia ; Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Josef Tuda
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, 95115 Indonesia
| | - Rumiko Suzuki
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kido
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kawamoto
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Miyuki Matsuda
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Indah S Tantular
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Suhintam Pusarawati
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Nasronudin
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Paul N Harijanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Public Hospital of Bethesda Tomohon, Minahasa, 93562 Indonesia
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. Debakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
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Testerman TL, Morris J. Beyond the stomach: An updated view of Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12781-12808. [PMID: 25278678 PMCID: PMC4177463 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an extremely common, yet underappreciated, pathogen that is able to alter host physiology and subvert the host immune response, allowing it to persist for the life of the host. H. pylori is the primary cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. In the United States, the annual cost associated with peptic ulcer disease is estimated to be $6 billion and gastric cancer kills over 700000 people per year globally. The prevalence of H. pylori infection remains high (> 50%) in much of the world, although the infection rates are dropping in some developed nations. The drop in H. pylori prevalence could be a double-edged sword, reducing the incidence of gastric diseases while increasing the risk of allergies and esophageal diseases. The list of diseases potentially caused by H. pylori continues to grow; however, mechanistic explanations of how H. pylori could contribute to extragastric diseases lag far behind clinical studies. A number of host factors and H. pylori virulence factors act in concert to determine which individuals are at the highest risk of disease. These include bacterial cytotoxins and polymorphisms in host genes responsible for directing the immune response. This review discusses the latest advances in H. pylori pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Up-to-date information on correlations between H. pylori and extragastric diseases is also provided.
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Baingana RK, Kiboko Enyaru J, Davidsson L. Helicobacter pylori infection in pregnant women in four districts of Uganda: role of geographic location, education and water sources. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:915. [PMID: 25190150 PMCID: PMC4164757 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection varies in relation to geography, ethnicity and socioeconomic factors. Available data on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Uganda are not representative of the general population. We sought to describe the epidemiology of this infection in pregnant women in Uganda to provide background data for a study into the effect of H. pylori infection during pregnancy on the hematological response to iron supplementation. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, H. pylori infection was assessed by the stool antigen test among 447 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in Apac, Mbale, Mbarara and Rakai Districts which are in different geographical regions in Uganda, and at Kawempe Health Center which serves a low-income densely populated area in Kampala City. Socio-demographic and household data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire. Associations between H. pylori infection and socio-demographic and household characteristics were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 45.2% but varied by geographical location from 18.2% in Apac District to 60.5% at Kawempe Health Centre. At 18.4%, the Langi ethnic group, who were enrolled exclusively in Apac District, had the lowest prevalence of H. pylori infection while the Gisu had the highest prevalence (58.4%). H. pylori was independently associated with enrollment at clinics not in Apac (adjusted OR = 5.68; 95% CI: 3.02-10.7) and with using water from public wells, boreholes or springs (AOR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.19-8.61) and from rivers, lakes or streams (AOR = 5.20; 95% CI: 1.58-17.05). Urban residence (AOR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.13-2.60) and no formal education (AOR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.03-3.67) were also independently associated with H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS The unexpected variation in the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Uganda calls for population-based studies in the region and offers an opportunity to study the transmission dynamics of H. pylori infection. The association between H. pylori infection and surface water sources for household use suggests waterborne transmission of H. pylori infection highlighting the need for concerted efforts in environmental health in communities and at the household level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhona Kezabu Baingana
- />Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Kiboko Enyaru
- />Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lena Davidsson
- />Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Food and Nutrition Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Gastric cancer and peptic ulcer between them cause the death of over a million people each year. A number of articles this year have studied changes in the prevalence of the infection in a variety of countries and ethnic groups. They confirm the known risk factors for infection, principally a low standard of living, poor education, and reduced life span. The prevalence of infection in developed countries is falling, but more slowly now than was the case before, meaning that a substantial number of the population will remain infected in the years to come. Reinfection is more common in less developed countries. The incidence of gastric cancer is highest in populations with a high prevalence of infection. Population test and treat is a cost-effective means of preventing gastric cancer. Peptic ulcer is the commonest cause of death in patients undergoing emergency surgery. The alleged risk that treatment may cause some to develop reflux esophagitis remains controversial.
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49
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Talebi Bezmin Abadi A. Helicobacter pylori: A Beneficial Gastric Pathogen? Front Med (Lausanne) 2014; 1:26. [PMID: 25593901 PMCID: PMC4291894 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2014.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands ; Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
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50
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Rodrigues IK, Andrigueti M, de Oliveira Gil ID, de Lucca Schiavon L, de Andrade KR, Pereira IA, de Castro GRW, Zimmermann AF, Saporiti LN, Bazzo ML, Neves FS. An investigation into the relationship between anti-Helicobacter pylori and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in patients with axial spondyloarthritis and Crohn disease. Rheumatol Int 2014; 35:359-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-014-3088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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