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Gwag T, Lee S, Li Z, Newcomb A, Otuagomah J, Weinman SA, Liang Y, Zhou C, Wang S. Platelet-derived thrombospondin 1 promotes immune cell liver infiltration and exacerbates diet-induced steatohepatitis. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:101019. [PMID: 38455470 PMCID: PMC10918562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Recent studies have implicated platelets, particularly α-granules, in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the specific mechanisms involved have yet to be determined. Notably, thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a major component of the platelet α-granules released during platelet activation. Hence, we aimed to determine the role of platelet-derived TSP1 in NASH. Methods Platelet-specific Tsp1 knockout mice (TSP1Δpf4) and their wild-type littermates (TSP1F/F) were used. NASH was induced by feeding the mice with a diet enriched in fat, sucrose, fructose, and cholesterol (AMLN diet). A human liver NASH organoid model was also employed. Results Although TSP1 deletion in platelets did not affect diet-induced steatosis, TSP1Δpf4 mice exhibited attenuated NASH and liver fibrosis, accompanied by improvements in plasma glucose and lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, TSP1Δpf4 mice showed reduced intrahepatic platelet accumulation, activation, and chemokine production, correlating with decreased immune cell infiltration into the liver. Consequently, this diminished proinflammatory signaling in the liver, thereby mitigating the progression of NAFLD. Moreover, in vitro data revealed that co-culturing TSP1-deficient platelets in a human liver NASH organoid model attenuated hepatic stellate cell activation and NASH progression. Additionally, TSP1-deficient platelets play a role in regulating brown fat endocrine function, specifically affecting Nrg4 (neuregulin 4) production. Crosstalk between brown fat and the liver may also influence the progression of NAFLD. Conclusions These data suggest that platelet α-granule-derived TSP1 is a significant contributor to diet-induced NASH and fibrosis, potentially serving as a new therapeutic target for this severe liver disease. Impact and implications Recent studies have implicated platelets, specifically α-granules, in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, yet the precise mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, through the utilization of a tissue-specific knockout mouse model and human 3D liver organoid, we demonstrated that platelet α-granule-derived TSP1 significantly contributes to diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis. This contribution is, in part, attributed to the regulation of intrahepatic immune cell infiltration and potential crosstalk between fat and the liver. These findings suggest that platelet-derived TSP1 may represent a novel therapeutic target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesik Gwag
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
| | - Sangderk Lee
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
| | - Alana Newcomb
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Josephine Otuagomah
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
- Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
| | - Ying Liang
- New York Blood Center, 310 East 72 Street, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA92521, United States
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40502, United States
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2
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Hassan HM, Liang X, Xin J, Lu Y, Cai Q, Shi D, Ren K, Li J, Chen Q, Li J, Li P, Guo B, Yang H, Luo J, Yao H, Zhou X, Hu W, Jiang J, Li J. Thrombospondin 1 enhances systemic inflammation and disease severity in acute-on-chronic liver failure. BMC Med 2024; 22:95. [PMID: 38439091 PMCID: PMC10913480 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The key role of thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) in the pathogenesis of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is unclear. Here, we present a transcriptome approach to evaluate THBS1 as a potential biomarker in ACLF disease pathogenesis. METHODS Biobanked peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 330 subjects with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related etiologies, including HBV-ACLF, liver cirrhosis (LC), and chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and normal controls (NC) randomly selected from the Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B (COSSH) prospective multicenter cohort underwent transcriptome analyses (ACLF = 20; LC = 10; CHB = 10; NC = 15); the findings were externally validated in participants from COSSH cohort, an ACLF rat model and hepatocyte-specific THBS1 knockout mice. RESULTS THBS1 was the top significantly differentially expressed gene in the PBMC transcriptome, with the most significant upregulation in ACLF, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ACLF = 110; LC = 60; CHB = 60; NC = 45) was used to verify that THBS1 expression corresponded to ACLF disease severity outcome, including inflammation and hepatocellular apoptosis. THBS1 showed good predictive ability for ACLF short-term mortality, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.8438 and 0.7778 at 28 and 90 days, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay validation of the plasma THBS1 using an expanded COSSH cohort subjects (ACLF = 198; LC = 50; CHB = 50; NC = 50) showed significant correlation between THBS1 with ALT and γ-GT (P = 0.01), and offered a similarly good prognostication predictive ability (AUROC = 0.7445 and 0.7175) at 28 and 90 days, respectively. ACLF patients with high-risk short-term mortality were identified based on plasma THBS1 optimal cut-off value (< 28 µg/ml). External validation in ACLF rat serum and livers confirmed the functional association between THBS1, the immune response and hepatocellular apoptosis. Hepatocyte-specific THBS1 knockout improved mouse survival, significantly repressed major inflammatory cytokines, enhanced the expression of several anti-inflammatory mediators and impeded hepatocellular apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS THBS1 might be an ACLF disease development-related biomarker, promoting inflammatory responses and hepatocellular apoptosis, that could provide clinicians with a new molecular target for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hozeifa Mohamed Hassan
- Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xi Liang
- Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yingyan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Combining Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Liver Diseases, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Keke Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Beibei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jinjin Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Heng Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wen Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Precision Medicine Center, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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3
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Zhao R, Dong J, Liu C, Li M, Tan R, Fei C, Chen Y, Yang X, Shi J, Xu J, Wang L, Li P, Zhang Z. Thrombospondin-1 promotes mechanical stress-mediated ligamentum flavum hypertrophy through the TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Matrix Biol 2024; 127:8-22. [PMID: 38281553 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Lumbar spinal canal stenosis is primarily caused by ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH), which is a significant pathological factor. Nevertheless, the precise molecular basis for the development of LFH remains uncertain. The current investigation observed a notable increase in thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) expression in LFH through proteomics analysis and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of clinical ligamentum flavum specimens. In laboratory experiments, it was demonstrated that THBS1 triggered the activation of Smad3 signaling induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), leading to the subsequent enhancement of COL1A2 and α-SMA, which are fibrosis markers. Furthermore, experiments conducted on a bipedal standing mouse model revealed that THBS1 played a crucial role in the development of LFH. Sestrin2 (SESN2) acted as a stress-responsive protein that suppressed the expression of THBS1, thus averting the progression of fibrosis in ligamentum flavum (LF) cells. To summarize, these results indicate that mechanical overloading causes an increase in THBS1 production, which triggers the TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway and ultimately results in the development of LFH. Targeting the suppression of THBS1 expression may present a novel approach for the treatment of LFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhao
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiale Dong
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Mingheng Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ruiqian Tan
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chengshuo Fei
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xinxing Yang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Zhongmin Zhang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Listopad S, Magnan C, Day LZ, Asghar A, Stolz A, Tayek JA, Liu ZX, Jacobs JM, Morgan TR, Norden-Krichmar TM. Identification of integrated proteomics and transcriptomics signature of alcohol-associated liver disease using machine learning. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2024; 3:e0000447. [PMID: 38335183 PMCID: PMC10857706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Distinguishing between alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) and alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC) remains a diagnostic challenge. In this study, we used machine learning with transcriptomics and proteomics data from liver tissue and peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) to classify patients with alcohol-associated liver disease. The conditions in the study were AH, AC, and healthy controls. We processed 98 PBMC RNAseq samples, 55 PBMC proteomic samples, 48 liver RNAseq samples, and 53 liver proteomic samples. First, we built separate classification and feature selection pipelines for transcriptomics and proteomics data. The liver tissue models were validated in independent liver tissue datasets. Next, we built integrated gene and protein expression models that allowed us to identify combined gene-protein biomarker panels. For liver tissue, we attained 90% nested-cross validation accuracy in our dataset and 82% accuracy in the independent validation dataset using transcriptomic data. We attained 100% nested-cross validation accuracy in our dataset and 61% accuracy in the independent validation dataset using proteomic data. For PBMCs, we attained 83% and 89% accuracy with transcriptomic and proteomic data, respectively. The integration of the two data types resulted in improved classification accuracy for PBMCs, but not liver tissue. We also identified the following gene-protein matches within the gene-protein biomarker panels: CLEC4M-CLC4M, GSTA1-GSTA2 for liver tissue and SELENBP1-SBP1 for PBMCs. In this study, machine learning models had high classification accuracy for both transcriptomics and proteomics data, across liver tissue and PBMCs. The integration of transcriptomics and proteomics into a multi-omics model yielded improvement in classification accuracy for the PBMC data. The set of integrated gene-protein biomarkers for PBMCs show promise toward developing a liquid biopsy for alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Listopad
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Le Z. Day
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental and Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Aliya Asghar
- Medical and Research Services, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Stolz
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - John A. Tayek
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Zhang-Xu Liu
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jon M. Jacobs
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental and Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Morgan
- Medical and Research Services, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Trina M. Norden-Krichmar
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Mitten EK, Portincasa P, Baffy G. Portal Hypertension in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Challenges and Paradigms. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1201-1211. [PMID: 37577237 PMCID: PMC10412712 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Portal hypertension in cirrhosis is defined as an increase in the portal pressure gradient (PPG) between the portal and hepatic veins and is traditionally estimated by the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), which is the difference in pressure between the free-floating and wedged positions of a balloon catheter in the hepatic vein. By convention, HVPG≥10 mmHg indicates clinically significant portal hypertension, which is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disorder with a heterogeneous clinical course, which includes the development of portal hypertension. There is increasing evidence that portal hypertension in NAFLD deserves special considerations. First, elevated PPG often precedes fibrosis in NAFLD, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between these pathological processes. Second, HVPG underestimates PPG in NAFLD, suggesting that portal hypertension is more prevalent in this condition than currently believed. Third, cellular mechanoresponses generated early in the pathogenesis of NAFLD provide a mechanistic explanation for the pressure-fibrosis paradigm. Finally, a better understanding of liver mechanobiology in NAFLD may aid in the development of novel pharmaceutical targets for prevention and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie K. Mitten
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University ‘Aldo Moro’ Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - György Baffy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Fibrosis-Related Gene Profiling in Liver Biopsies of PiZZ α1-Antitrypsin Children with Different Clinical Courses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032485. [PMID: 36768808 PMCID: PMC9916468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PiZZ (Glu342Lys) α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is characterized by intrahepatic AAT polymerization and is a risk factor for liver disease development in children. The majority of PiZZ children are disease free, hence this mutation alone is not sufficient to cause the disease. We investigated Z-AAT polymers and the expression of fibrosis-related genes in liver tissues of PiZZ children with different clinical courses. Liver biopsies obtained during 1979-2010 at the Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden, were subjected to histological re-evaluation, immunohistochemistry and NanoString-based transcriptome profiling using a panel of 760 fibrosis plus 8 bile acid-related genes. Subjects were divided into three groups based on clinical outcomes: NCH (neonatal cholestasis, favourable outcome, n = 5), NCC (neonatal cholestasis, early cirrhosis and liver transplantation, n = 4), and NNCH (no neonatal cholestasis, favourable outcome, n = 5, six biopsies). Hepatocytes containing Z-AAT polymers were abundant in all groups whereas NCC showed higher expression of genes related to liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and lower expression of genes related to lipid, aldehyde/ketone, and bile acid metabolism. Z-AAT accumulation per se cannot explain the clinical outcomes of PiZZ children; however, changes in the expression of specific genes and pathways involved in lipid, fatty acid, and steroid metabolism appear to reflect the degree of liver injury.
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Yao C, Wu S, Kong J, Sun Y, Bai Y, Zhu R, Li Z, Sun W, Zheng L. Angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and anti-angiogenic therapies. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0449. [PMID: 36647777 PMCID: PMC9843448 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Angiogenesis, the process of formation of new blood vessels, is required for cancer cells to obtain nutrients and oxygen. HCC is a typical hypervascular solid tumor with an aberrant vascular network and angiogenesis that contribute to its growth, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Current anti-angiogenic therapies target mainly tyrosine kinases, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and are considered effective strategies for HCC, particularly advanced HCC. However, because the survival benefits conferred by these anti-angiogenic therapies are modest, new anti-angiogenic targets must be identified. Several recent studies have determined the underlying molecular mechanisms, including pro-angiogenic factors secreted by HCC cells, the tumor microenvironment, and cancer stem cells. In this review, we summarize the roles of pro-angiogenic factors; the involvement of endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and tumor-associated neutrophils present in the tumor microenvironment; and the regulatory influence of cancer stem cells on angiogenesis in HCC. Furthermore, we discuss some of the clinically approved anti-angiogenic therapies and potential novel therapeutic targets for angiogenesis in HCC. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis may lead to the development of more optimized anti-angiogenic treatment modalities for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Shilun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Yiwen Sun
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yannan Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Ruhang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Zhuxin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Wenbing Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
- Correspondence to: Wenbing Sun and Lemin Zheng, E-mail: and
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Sciences Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center of Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence to: Wenbing Sun and Lemin Zheng, E-mail: and
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8
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Antoniou P, Hardouin G, Martinucci P, Frati G, Felix T, Chalumeau A, Fontana L, Martin J, Masson C, Brusson M, Maule G, Rosello M, Giovannangeli C, Abramowski V, de Villartay JP, Concordet JP, Del Bene F, El Nemer W, Amendola M, Cavazzana M, Cereseto A, Romano O, Miccio A. Base-editing-mediated dissection of a γ-globin cis-regulatory element for the therapeutic reactivation of fetal hemoglobin expression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6618. [PMID: 36333351 PMCID: PMC9636226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia affect the production of the adult β-hemoglobin chain. The clinical severity is lessened by mutations that cause fetal γ-globin expression in adult life (i.e., the hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin). Mutations clustering ~200 nucleotides upstream of the HBG transcriptional start sites either reduce binding of the LRF repressor or recruit the KLF1 activator. Here, we use base editing to generate a variety of mutations in the -200 region of the HBG promoters, including potent combinations of four to eight γ-globin-inducing mutations. Editing of patient hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells is safe, leads to fetal hemoglobin reactivation and rescues the pathological phenotype. Creation of a KLF1 activator binding site is the most potent strategy - even in long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Compared with a Cas9-nuclease approach, base editing avoids the generation of insertions, deletions and large genomic rearrangements and results in higher γ-globin levels. Our results demonstrate that base editing of HBG promoters is a safe, universal strategy for treating β-hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Antoniou
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Hardouin
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015, Paris, France
- Biotherapy Department and Clinical Investigation Center, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, INSERM, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Martinucci
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Tristan Felix
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Anne Chalumeau
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Letizia Fontana
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Martin
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Masson
- Bioinformatics Platform, Imagine Institute, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Megane Brusson
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Maule
- CIBIO, University of Trento, 38100, Trento, Italy
| | - Marion Rosello
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Vincent Abramowski
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of genome dynamics in the immune system, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of genome dynamics in the immune system, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Wassim El Nemer
- Établissement Français du Sang, UMR 7268, 13005, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Mario Amendola
- Genethon, 91000, Evry, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- Biotherapy Department and Clinical Investigation Center, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, INSERM, 75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Oriana Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Annarita Miccio
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of chromatin and gene regulation during development, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015, Paris, France.
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9
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Gjorgjieva M, Ay AS, Correia de Sousa M, Delangre E, Dolicka D, Sobolewski C, Maeder C, Fournier M, Sempoux C, Foti M. MiR-22 Deficiency Fosters Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Fatty Liver. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182860. [PMID: 36139435 PMCID: PMC9496902 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-22 is mostly considered as a hepatic tumor-suppressor microRNA based on in vitro analyses. Yet, whether miR-22 exerts a tumor-suppressive function in the liver has not been investigated in vivo. Herein, in silico analyses of miR-22 expression were performed in hepatocellular carcinomas from human patient cohorts and different mouse models. Diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinomas were then investigated in lean and diet-induced obese miR-22-deficient mice. The proteome of liver tissues from miR-22-deficient mice prior to hepatocellular carcinoma development was further analyzed to uncover miR-22 regulated factors that impact hepatocarcinogenesis with miR-22 deficiency. MiR-22 downregulation was consistently observed in hepatocellular carcinomas from all human cohorts and mouse models investigated. The time of appearance of the first tumors was decreased and the number of tumoral foci induced by diethylnitrosamine was significantly increased by miR-22-deficiency in vivo, two features which were further drastically exacerbated with diet-induced obesity. At the molecular level, we provide evidence that the loss of miR-22 significantly affects the energetic metabolism and mitochondrial functions of hepatocytes, and the expression of tumor-promoting factors such as thrombospondin-1. Our study demonstrates that miR-22 acts as a hepatic tumor suppressor in vivo by restraining pro-carcinogenic metabolic deregulations through pleiotropic mechanisms and the overexpression of relevant oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Sophie Ay
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Correia de Sousa
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Delangre
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dobrochna Dolicka
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Maeder
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margot Fournier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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10
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Wang W, Chen Y, Yin Y, Wang X, Ye X, Jiang K, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Zhuge Y, Chen L, Peng C, Xiong A, Yang L, Wang Z. A TMT-based shotgun proteomics uncovers overexpression of thrombospondin 1 as a contributor in pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2003-2019. [PMID: 35357534 PMCID: PMC9151551 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction disease (HSOS) is a rare but life-threatening vascular liver disease. However, its underlying mechanism and molecular changes in HSOS are largely unknown, thus greatly hindering the development of its effective treatment. Hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSECs) are the primary and essential target for HSOS. A tandem mass tag-based shotgun proteomics study was performed using primary cultured HSECs from mice with HSOS induced by senecionine, a representative toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA). Dynamic changes in proteome were found at the initial period of damage and the essential role of thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) was highlighted in PA-induced HSOS. TSP1 over-expression was further confirmed in human HSECs and liver samples from patients with PA-induced HSOS. LSKL peptide, a known TSP1 inhibitor, protected mice from senecionine-induced HSOS. In addition, TSP1 was found to be covalently modified by dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids in human HSECs and mouse livers upon senecionine treatment, thus to form the pyrrole-protein adduct. These findings provide useful information on early changes in HSECs upon PA treatment and uncover TSP1 overexpression as a contributor in PA-induced HSOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai R and D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai R and D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xunjiang Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xuanling Ye
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Kaiyuan Jiang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing, affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing, affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Aizhen Xiong
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Shanghai R and D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Shanghai R and D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai R and D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, 201210, China
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11
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Feng QL, Gu JJ, Chen JY, Zheng WY, Pan HH, Xu XY, Deng CC, Yang B. TSP1 promotes fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition via the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway in keloids. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1533-1542. [PMID: 35661430 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Keloids are benign fibroproliferative diseases with abnormally proliferated bulges beyond the edge of the skin lesions, and they are characterized by uncontrolled fibroblast proliferation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition in the dermis. However, the definite mechanisms that increase fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in keloids remain unclear. Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) has been suggested to play an important role in wound healing and fibrotic disorders, but its role in keloids is unknown. In this study, we aimed to clarify the specific role of TSP1 in keloids and explore the potential mechanism. Our results demonstrated that TSP1 was highly expressed in keloid lesions compared to normal skin. Knockdown of TSP1 in keloid fibroblasts decreased cell proliferation and collagen I deposition. Exogenous TSP1 treatment increased cell proliferation and collagen I deposition in normal fibroblasts. We further investigated the underlying mechanism and found that TSP1 promoted fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition by upregulating the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Moreover, we verified that TSP1 expression was positively correlated with IL6/STAT3 signalling activity in keloids. Taken together, our findings indicate that TSP1 promotes keloid development via the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway and blocking TSP1 may represent a potential strategy for keloid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lan Feng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Gu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Yi Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yue Zheng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Hui Pan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yan Xu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Deng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Liu QW, Ying YM, Zhou JX, Zhang WJ, Liu ZX, Jia BB, Gu HC, Zhao CY, Guan XH, Deng KY, Xin HB. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells-derived IGFBP-3, DKK-3, and DKK-1 attenuate liver fibrosis through inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation by blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:224. [PMID: 35659360 PMCID: PMC9166579 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fibrosis is an outcome of restoring process in chronic liver injury. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) derived from amniotic membrane have multilineage differentiation, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory potential which makes them suitable for treating liver fibrosis. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of hAMSCs on liver fibrosis. Methods hAMSCs were transplanted into carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis mice via tail vein, and the effects of hAMSCs on hepatic fibrosis were assessed. The effects of hAMSCs and hAMSCs conditional medium (CM) on the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Antibody array assay was used to identify the cytokines secreted by hAMSCs that may inhibit the activation of HSCs. Finally, the underlying mechanisms were explored by assessing IGF-1R/PI3K/AKT and GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways in the activated HSCs (LX-2) with hAMSCs and hAMSCs transfected with corresponding siRNAs. Results Our results showed that hAMSCs possessed the characterizations of mesenchymal stem cells. hAMSCs significantly reduced liver fibrosis and improved liver function in mice by inhibiting HSCs activation in vivo. Both hAMSCs and hAMSC-CM remarkably inhibited the collagen deposition and activation of LX-2 cells in vitro. Antibody array assay showed that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), Dickkopf-3 (DKK-3), and Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) were highly expressed in the co-culture group and hAMSC-CM group compared with LX-2 group. Western blot assay demonstrated that IGFBP-3, DKK-3, and DKK-1 derived from hAMSCs inhibit LX-2 cell activation through blocking canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that IGFBP-3, Dkk3, and DKK-1 secreted by hAMSCs attenuated liver fibrosis in mice through inhibiting HSCs activation via depression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that hAMSCs or hAMSC-CM provides an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02906-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Wen Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.,School of Life and Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Min Ying
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhou
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Xiao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Bing Jia
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Cheng Gu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.,School of Life and Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Yu Zhao
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Guan
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China. .,School of Life and Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, No. 1299 Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China. .,School of Life and Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Carson JP, Robinson MW, Ramm GA, Gobert GN. Synthetic peptides derived from the Schistosoma mansoni secretory protein Sm16 induce contrasting responses in hepatic stellate cells. Exp Parasitol 2022; 236-237:108255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Zaidi S, Gough NR, Mishra L. Mechanisms and clinical significance of TGF-β in hepatocellular cancer progression. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 156:227-248. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Torre P, Motta BM, Sciorio R, Masarone M, Persico M. Inflammation and Fibrogenesis in MAFLD: Role of the Hepatic Immune System. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:781567. [PMID: 34957156 PMCID: PMC8695879 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.781567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the definition recently proposed to better circumscribe the spectrum of conditions long known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that range from simple steatosis without inflammation to more advanced liver diseases. The progression of MAFLD, as well as other chronic liver diseases, toward cirrhosis, is driven by hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis. The latter, result of a “chronic wound healing reaction,” is a dynamic process, and the understanding of its underlying pathophysiological events has increased in recent years. Fibrosis progresses in a microenvironment where it takes part an interplay between fibrogenic cells and many other elements, including some cells of the immune system with an underexplored or still unclear role in liver diseases. Some therapeutic approaches, also acting on the immune system, have been probed over time to evaluate their ability to improve inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD, but to date no drug has been approved to treat this condition. In this review, we will focus on the contribution of the liver immune system in the progression of NAFLD, and on therapies under study that aim to counter the immune substrate of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Torre
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Benedetta Maria Motta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Roberta Sciorio
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mario Masarone
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marcello Persico
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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16
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Shi T, Iwama H, Fujita K, Kobara H, Nishiyama N, Fujihara S, Goda Y, Yoneyama H, Morishita A, Tani J, Yamada M, Nakahara M, Takuma K, Masaki T. Evaluating the Effect of Lenvatinib on Sorafenib-Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13071. [PMID: 34884875 PMCID: PMC8657692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Sorafenib has been used as a first-line systemic treatment for over a decade. However, resistance to sorafenib limits patient response and presents a major hurdle during HCC treatment. Lenvatinib has been approved as a first-line systemic treatment for advanced HCC and is the first agent to achieve non-inferiority against sorafenib. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the inhibition efficacy of lenvatinib in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Only a few studies have been conducted on this topic. Two human HCC cell lines, Huh-7 and Hep-3B, were used to establish sorafenib resistance, and in vitro and in vivo studies were employed. Lenvatinib suppressed sorafenib-resistant HCC cell proliferation mainly by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest through ERK signaling. Hep-3B sorafenib-resistant cells showed partial cross-resistance to lenvatinib, possibly due to the contribution of poor autophagic responsiveness. Overall, the findings suggest that the underlying mechanism of lenvatinib in overcoming sorafenib resistance in HCC involves FGFR4-ERK signaling. Lenvatinib may be a suitable second-line therapy for unresectable HCC patients who have developed sorafenib resistance and express FGFR4.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/blood supply
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Sorafenib/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.K.); (N.N.); (S.F.); (Y.G.); (H.Y.); (A.M.); (J.T.); (M.Y.); (M.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Hisakazu Iwama
- Life Science Research Center, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.K.); (N.N.); (S.F.); (Y.G.); (H.Y.); (A.M.); (J.T.); (M.Y.); (M.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.K.); (N.N.); (S.F.); (Y.G.); (H.Y.); (A.M.); (J.T.); (M.Y.); (M.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Noriko Nishiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.K.); (N.N.); (S.F.); (Y.G.); (H.Y.); (A.M.); (J.T.); (M.Y.); (M.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Shintaro Fujihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.K.); (N.N.); (S.F.); (Y.G.); (H.Y.); (A.M.); (J.T.); (M.Y.); (M.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Yasuhiro Goda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.K.); (N.N.); (S.F.); (Y.G.); (H.Y.); (A.M.); (J.T.); (M.Y.); (M.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Hirohito Yoneyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.K.); (N.N.); (S.F.); (Y.G.); (H.Y.); (A.M.); (J.T.); (M.Y.); (M.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.K.); (N.N.); (S.F.); (Y.G.); (H.Y.); (A.M.); (J.T.); (M.Y.); (M.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Joji Tani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.K.); (N.N.); (S.F.); (Y.G.); (H.Y.); (A.M.); (J.T.); (M.Y.); (M.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Mari Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.K.); (N.N.); (S.F.); (Y.G.); (H.Y.); (A.M.); (J.T.); (M.Y.); (M.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Mai Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.K.); (N.N.); (S.F.); (Y.G.); (H.Y.); (A.M.); (J.T.); (M.Y.); (M.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Kei Takuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.K.); (N.N.); (S.F.); (Y.G.); (H.Y.); (A.M.); (J.T.); (M.Y.); (M.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki 761-0793, Japan; (K.F.); (H.K.); (N.N.); (S.F.); (Y.G.); (H.Y.); (A.M.); (J.T.); (M.Y.); (M.N.); (K.T.)
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17
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Zhang S, Sharaf Eldin HE, Gu WL, Li TS. Laminin alpha-3 and thrombospondin-1 differently regulate the survival and differentiation of hepatocytes and hepatic stem cells from neonatal mice. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:12684-12693. [PMID: 34956483 PMCID: PMC8661240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to search and identify the extracellular matrix/adhesion molecules potentially regulating liver regeneration. By using pathway-focused PCR array, we investigated the dynamic changes in the expression of extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in normal livers or cholestatic livers following partial hepatectomy in adult mice. To confirm the data from PCR array, we further evaluated how laminin alpha-3 and thrombospondin-1 mediate the survival and differentiation of matured hepatocytes and immature hepatic stem cells by using primarily isolated liver cells from neonatal mice. According to the different changes in the expression of extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules between normal livers and cholestatic livers, we could find a number of potential molecules involved in liver regeneration. Our in vitro evaluations indicated that laminin alpha-3 significantly increased the number of liver cells (P<0.01 vs. Control) but decreased the proportion of claudin-3-positive hepatic stem cells (P<0.05 vs. Control). In contrast, thrombospondin-1 significantly reduced cell apoptosis (P<0.05 vs. Control) and maintained the proportion of claudin-3-positive hepatic stem cells. Otherwise, the combination of laminin alpha-3 and thrombospondin-1 increased the proliferation of liver cells. Based on our data, laminin alpha-3 and trombospondin-1 differently regulate the survival and differentiation of hepatocytes and hepatic stem cells, but relevant mechanisms are required to be elucidated by further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s HospitalGuangzhou 510180, China
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Heba E Sharaf Eldin
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityEgypt
| | - Wei-Li Gu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s HospitalGuangzhou 510180, China
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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18
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Yao M, Ganguly S, Shin JHS, Elbayoumi T. Efficient Ex Vivo Screening of Agents Targeting Thrombospondin1-Induced Vascular Dysfunction Using a Digital Multiwire Myograph System. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4040074. [PMID: 34698263 PMCID: PMC8544428 DOI: 10.3390/mps4040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of vascular tone is intricately and delicately maintained systemically and locally, by autonomic nerves and hormones in the blood and by intimal vasoactive substances, respectively. The balance can be acutely or chronically interrupted secondary to many alterations, especially under pathological conditions. Excessive matricellular glycoprotein thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) levels in circulation have been found to play an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injuries of different organs, by acutely suppressing vasorelaxation and chronically remodeling vascular bed. Our laboratory has been interested in identifying new drug moieties, which can selectively and effectively counteract TSP1-induced vascular dysfunction, in order to address associated clinical complications. Preliminary studies using computational docking and molecular models revealed potential drug candidates for further evaluation via vascular functional bioassay to prove the antagonism using an ex vivo vascular model. Herein, we described an efficient screening method for the identification of active drug candidates, by adapting a multiwire myograph system to perform a protocol with different treatments, in the presence of pathological levels of TSP1. We discussed the promising pharmacological evaluation results and suggested suitable modification for versatile applications. We also described the necessity of pre-determination of optimal resting tension to obtain the maximal response, if the experimental test model is different from those with determined optimal resting tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Cholla Hall 216, 19555 N. 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ 85308, USA;
- College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Science Hall, 19555 N. 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (T.E.)
| | - Samayita Ganguly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Cholla Hall 216, 19555 N. 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ 85308, USA;
| | - Jane Hae Soo Shin
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale Hall, 19555 N. 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ 85308, USA;
| | - Tamer Elbayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Cholla Hall 216, 19555 N. 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ 85308, USA;
- College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Science Hall, 19555 N. 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (T.E.)
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19
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Voutilainen SH, Kosola SK, Lohi J, Jahnukainen T, Pakarinen MP, Jalanko H. Expression of fibrosis-related genes in liver allografts: Association with histology and long-term outcome after pediatric liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14373. [PMID: 34043847 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unexplained graft fibrosis and inflammation are common after pediatric liver transplantation (LT). OBJECTIVE We investigated the graft expression of fibrogenic genes and correlated the findings with transplant histopathology and outcome. METHODS Liver biopsies from 29 recipients were obtained at a median of 13.1 (IQR: 5.0-18.4) years after pediatric LT. Control samples were from six liver-healthy subjects. Hepatic expression of 40 fibrosis-related genes was correlated to histological findings: normal histology, fibrosis with no inflammation, and fibrosis with inflammation. Liver function was evaluated after a subsequent follow-up of 9.0 years (IQR: 8.0-9.4). RESULTS Patients with fibrosis and no inflammation had significantly increased gene expression of profibrotic TGF-β3 (1.17 vs. 1.02 p = .005), CTGF (1.64 vs. 0.66 p = .014), PDGF-α (1.79 vs. 0.98 p = .049), PDGF -β (0.99 vs. 0.76 p = .006), integrin-subunit-β1 (1.19 vs. 1.02 p = .045), α-SMA (1.12 vs. 0.58 p = .013), type I collagen (0.82 vs. 0.53 p = .005) and antifibrotic decorin (1.15 vs. 0.99 p = .045) compared to patients with normal histology. mRNA expression of VEGF A (0.84 vs. 1.06 p = .049) was lower. Only a few of the studied genes were upregulated in patients with both fibrosis and inflammation. The gene expression levels showed no association with later graft outcome. CONCLUSIONS Altered hepatic expression of fibrosis-related genes is associated with graft fibrosis without concurrent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja H Voutilainen
- Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Transplantation Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University, Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silja K Kosola
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Lohi
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Jahnukainen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko P Pakarinen
- Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Transplantation Surgery, Pediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University, Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Jalanko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Xu Y, Sun X, Zhang R, Cao T, Cai SY, Boyer JL, Zhang X, Li D, Huang Y. A Positive Feedback Loop of TET3 and TGF-β1 Promotes Liver Fibrosis. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1310-1318.e5. [PMID: 32023451 PMCID: PMC7063678 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological activation of TGF-β signaling is universal in fibrosis. Aberrant TGF-β signaling in conjunction with transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into fibrogenic myofibroblasts plays a central role in liver fibrosis. Here we report that the DNA demethylase TET3 is anomalously upregulated in fibrotic livers in both humans and mice. We demonstrate that in human HSCs, TET3 promotes profibrotic gene expression by upregulation of multiple key TGF-β pathway genes, including TGFB1. TET3 binds to target gene promoters, inducing demethylation, which in turn facilitates chromatin remodeling and transcription. We also reveal a positive feedback loop between TGF-β1 and TET3 in both HSCs and hepatocytes. Furthermore, TET3 knockdown ameliorates liver fibrosis in mice. Our results uncover a TET3/TGF-β1 positive feedback loop as a crucial determinant of liver fibrosis and suggest that inhibiting TET3 may represent a therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis and perhaps other fibrotic diseases. Xu et al. unmask a positive feedback loop between chromatin demethylase TET3 and TGF-β1 in stressed hepatocytes and stellate cells in humans and mice. Activation of this loop stimulates expression of fibrotic genes, whereas knockdown of TET3 reduces liver fibrosis in mice, suggesting a strategy for treating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Ruling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Tiefeng Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong 510070, China
| | - Shi-Ying Cai
- Liver Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - James L Boyer
- Liver Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Pathology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Da Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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21
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Kimura T, Tanaka N, Fujimori N, Yamazaki T, Katsuyama T, Iwashita Y, Pham J, Joshita S, Pydi SP, Umemura T. Serum thrombospondin 2 is a novel predictor for the severity in the patients with NAFLD. Liver Int 2021; 41:505-514. [PMID: 33386676 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Thrombospondins are a family of multidomain and secretory glycoproteins. Among them, thrombospondin 2 (TSP2) encoded by TSP2 gene has been reported to be involved in various functions such as collagen/fibrin formation, maintenance of normal blood vessel density and cell adhesion properties. Microarray analyses ranked TSP2 as one of the most highly up-regulated genes in the fibrotic liver in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Since TSP2 possesses unique properties as a secretory protein, we hypothesized that hepatic TSP2 gene expression levels would be reflected in serum TSP2 levels. In this study, we examined the relationship between serum TSP2 concentrations and clinicopathological findings in NAFLD patients. METHODS One hundred and thirty NAFLD patients who had undergone liver biopsy between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively enrolled. Serum samples were collected at the time of biopsy, and TSP2 was measured by enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS Serum TSP2 levels moderately correlated with ballooning (r = 0.56, P < .001) and fibrosis stage (r = 0.53, P < .001). The AUC values of TSP2 for predicting mild fibrosis (≧F1), moderate fibrosis (≧F2) and severe fibrosis (≧F3) were 0.73, 0.76 and 0.82 respectively. Additionally, NAFLD activity score (NAS) correlated best with TSP2 (r = 0.52, P < .001) compared to conventional NAFLD-related biomarkers, such as cytokeratin 18 M30, hyaluronic acid, type IV collagen 7S, APRI and FIB-4 index. CONCLUSION Serum TSP2 levels reflected hepatocyte ballooning, fibrosis and NAS in NAFLD patients. For clinical application of serum TSP2 as a predictor of NAFLD histological activity, additional validation and mechanistic investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Kimura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Research Center for Social Systems, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Fujimori
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoo Yamazaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takahito Katsuyama
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Iwashita
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jonathan Pham
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Satoru Joshita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Sai P Pydi
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Takeji Umemura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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22
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Ma Y, Dong C, Chen X, Zhu R, Wang J. Silencing of miR-20b-5p Exerts Inhibitory Effect on Diabetic Retinopathy via Inactivation of THBS1 Gene Induced VEGF/Akt/PI3K Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1183-1193. [PMID: 33758526 PMCID: PMC7981169 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s299143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a damaging complication of the eye. Studies investigating molecular mechanisms of DR are lacking, leading to poor clinical outcomes. miR-20b-5p is up-regulated in DR. The present study aimed to confirm the involvement of miR-20b-5p in DR and the mechanism involved. METHODS Microarray analysis was done to study the differentially expressed miRs. DR model was established using Sprague-Dawley rats, the expression of miR-20b-5p was altered using inhibitor or mimic as treatment. THBS1 was one of the potential genes identified by microarray bioinformatics analysis associated with DR. The expression of THBS1 was suppressed by siRNA to study the mechanism behind involvement of miR-20b-5p in DR. In addition, the levels of miR-20b-5p VEGF/PI3K/Akt pathway associated genes were studied. Correlation between THBS1 and miR-20b-5p was evaluated. Cell apoptosis, growth and tube formation assay was performed. RESULTS The retinal tissues of DR rats showed over-expressed miR-20b-5p and decreased THBS1 via VEGF/PI3K/Akt cascade. THBS1 was confirmed as the target gene of miR-20b-5p by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Upregulation of miR-20b-5p or knockdown of THBS1 caused increased tube formation and cell proliferation, whereas it blocked the cell apoptosis of endothelial cells in rats. CONCLUSION The outcomes suggested that silencing of miR-20b-5p resulted in inhibition of tube formation and cell growth in vascular endothelial cells of rats subjected to DR altering the VEGF/PI3K/Akt cascade by up-regulation of THBS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanBo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150036, People’s Republic of China
| | - ChunYing Dong
- Department of Infectious Disease, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150036, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiHui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150036, People’s Republic of China
| | - RuiXi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150036, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jie Wang Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150036, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-13656838933 Email
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23
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McQuitty CE, Williams R, Chokshi S, Urbani L. Immunomodulatory Role of the Extracellular Matrix Within the Liver Disease Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574276. [PMID: 33262757 PMCID: PMC7686550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease when accompanied by underlying fibrosis, is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and chronic inflammation. Although traditionally considered as a passive and largely architectural structure, the ECM is now being recognized as a source of potent damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)s with immune-active peptides and domains. In parallel, the ECM anchors a range of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, all of which are capable of modulating immune responses. A growing body of evidence shows that ECM proteins themselves are capable of modulating immunity either directly via ligation with immune cell receptors including integrins and TLRs, or indirectly through release of immunoactive molecules such as cytokines which are stored within the ECM structure. Notably, ECM deposition and remodeling during injury and fibrosis can result in release or formation of ECM-DAMPs within the tissue, which can promote local inflammatory immune response and chemotactic immune cell recruitment and inflammation. It is well described that the ECM and immune response are interlinked and mutually participate in driving fibrosis, although their precise interactions in the context of chronic liver disease are poorly understood. This review aims to describe the known pro-/anti-inflammatory and fibrogenic properties of ECM proteins and DAMPs, with particular reference to the immunomodulatory properties of the ECM in the context of chronic liver disease. Finally, we discuss the importance of developing novel biotechnological platforms based on decellularized ECM-scaffolds, which provide opportunities to directly explore liver ECM-immune cell interactions in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. McQuitty
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Williams
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Urbani
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Gwag T, Reddy Mooli RG, Li D, Lee S, Lee EY, Wang S. Macrophage-derived thrombospondin 1 promotes obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2020; 3:100193. [PMID: 33294831 PMCID: PMC7689554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a multifunctional matricellular protein. We previously showed that TSP1 has an important role in obesity-associated metabolic complications, including inflammation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular, and renal disease. However, its contribution to obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD or NASH) remains largely unknown; thus, we aimed to determine its role. Methods High-fat diet or AMLN (amylin liver NASH) diet-induced obese and insulin-resistant NAFLD/NASH mouse models were utilised, in addition to tissue-specific Tsp1-knockout mice, to determine the contribution of different cellular sources of obesity-induced TSP1 to NAFLD/NASH development. Results Liver TSP1 levels were increased in experimental obese and insulin-resistant NAFLD/NASH mouse models as well as in obese patients with NASH. Moreover, TSP1 deletion in adipocytes did not protect mice from diet-induced NAFLD/NASH. However, myeloid/macrophage-specific TSP1 deletion protected mice against obesity-associated liver injury, accompanied by reduced liver inflammation and fibrosis. Importantly, this protection was independent of the levels of obesity and hepatic steatosis. Mechanistically, through an autocrine effect, macrophage-derived TSP1 suppressed Smpdl3b expression in liver, which amplified liver proinflammatory signalling (Toll-like receptor 4 signal pathway) and promoted NAFLD progression. Conclusions Macrophage-derived TSP1 is a significant contributor to obesity-associated NAFLD/NASH development and progression and could serve as a therapeutic target for this disease. Lay summary Obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a most common chronic liver disease in the Western world and can progress to liver cirrhosis and cancer. No treatment is currently available for this disease. The present study reveals an important factor (macrophage-derived TSP1) that drives macrophage activation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development and progression and that could serve as a therapeutic target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AMLN, amylin liver NASH
- ASMase, acid sphingomyelinase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BMDM, bone marrow-derived macrophage
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- EC, endothelial cell
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- IL-, interleukin-
- KC, Kupffer cell
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LFD, low-fat diet
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MDM, monocyte-derived macrophage
- MP, mononuclear phagocyte
- Macrophage
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, NAFLD activity score
- NASH
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- Obesity
- SMPDL3B
- SMPDL3B, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3B
- SREBP1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 c
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- TSP1
- TSP1, thrombospondin 1
- Th, T helper type
- Tsp1fl/fl, TSP1 floxed mice
- Tsp1Δadipo, adipocyte-specific TSP1-knockout mice
- Tsp1Δmɸ, macrophage-specific TSP1-knockout mice
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
- scRNA-seq, single-cell RNA sequencing
- α-SMA, smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesik Gwag
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Raja Gopal Reddy Mooli
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sangderk Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Eun Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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25
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Yu P, Wu R, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Wang R, Wang X, Lin S, Wang J, Lv L. rAj-Tspin, a novel recombinant peptide from Apostichopus japonicus, suppresses the proliferation, migration, and invasion of BEL-7402 cells via a mechanism associated with the ITGB1-FAK-AKT pathway. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:377-385. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Discovery of small extracellular vesicle proteins from human serum for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Biochimie 2020; 177:132-141. [PMID: 32835735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common neoplastic transformation of the hepatocytes, which has high morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in Eastern Asia. HCC is also developed as a consequence of chronic liver cirrhosis, and both diseases are difficult to diagnosis and differentiate. Accurate noninvasive biomarkers for HCC and cirrhosis are urgently needed. In the search for novel candidates, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) were isolated from the serum of liver cancer patients, liver cirrhosis patients, healthy control subjects, as well as the culture media of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and normal hepatocyte cells (Lo2). Isolated sEVs were confirmed by size distribution analysis, morphological analysis, and surface biomarker tests. Mass spectrometry based label-free quantification revealed 61 and 63 differentially expressed proteins in the serum sEVs of liver cirrhosis patients and liver cancer patients (p < 0.05), respectively. The proteomics data of cell-derived sEVs were combined for the selection of valuable candidates. Promising proteins were further verified by immunoassay, including thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), fibulin-1(FBLN1), and fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), which could differentiate healthy control from liver cancer or liver cirrhosis. Our findings verified the hypothesis that cancer-related proteomics signatures are present in the sEVs of patient's serum and might be monitored for the evaluation of liver cancer and liver cirrhosis.
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27
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Barry AE, Baldeosingh R, Lamm R, Patel K, Zhang K, Dominguez DA, Kirton KJ, Shah AP, Dang H. Hepatic Stellate Cells and Hepatocarcinogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:709. [PMID: 32850829 PMCID: PMC7419619 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a significant component of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor microenvironment (TME). Activated HSCs transform into myofibroblast-like cells to promote fibrosis in response to liver injury or chronic inflammation, leading to cirrhosis and HCC. The hepatic TME is comprised of cellular components, including activated HSCs, tumor-associated macrophages, endothelial cells, immune cells, and non-cellular components, such as growth factors, proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors, and other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Interactions between HCC cells and their microenvironment have become topics under active investigation. These interactions within the hepatic TME have the potential to drive carcinogenesis and create challenges in generating effective therapies. Current studies reveal potential mechanisms through which activated HSCs drive hepatocarcinogenesis utilizing matricellular proteins and paracrine crosstalk within the TME. Since activated HSCs are primary secretors of ECM proteins during liver injury and inflammation, they help promote fibrogenesis, infiltrate the HCC stroma, and contribute to HCC development. In this review, we examine several recent studies revealing the roles of HSCs and their clinical implications in the development of fibrosis and cirrhosis within the hepatic TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Barry
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rajkumar Baldeosingh
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ryan Lamm
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keyur Patel
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dana A Dominguez
- Department of General Surgery, UCSF East Bay, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Kayla J Kirton
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ashesh P Shah
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hien Dang
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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28
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Balaphas A, Meyer J, Perozzo R, Zeisser-Labouebe M, Berndt S, Turzi A, Fontana P, Scapozza L, Gonelle-Gispert C, Bühler LH. Platelet Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Induces Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells to Secrete Interleukin-6. Cells 2020; 9:E1311. [PMID: 32466100 PMCID: PMC7290849 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles and interactions of platelets and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver regeneration are unclear, and the trigger that initiates hepatocyte proliferation is unknown. We aimed to identify the key factors released by activated platelets that induce liver sinusoidal endothelial cells to produce interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine implicated in the early phase of liver regeneration. We characterized the releasate of activated platelets inducing the in vitro production of IL-6 by mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and observed that the stimulating factor was a thermolabile protein. Following gel filtration, a single fraction of activated platelet releasate induced a maximal IL-6 secretion by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (90.2 ± 13.9 versus control with buffer, 9.0 ± 0.8 pg/mL, p < 0.05). Mass spectroscopy analysis of this fraction, followed by in silico processing, resulted in a reduced list of 18 candidates. Several proteins from the list were tested, and only recombinant transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) resulted in an increased IL-6 production up to 242.7 ± 30.5 pg/mL, which was comparable to non-fractionated platelet releasate effect. Using neutralizing anti-TGF-β1 antibody or a TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor, IL-6 production by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells was dramatically reduced. These results support a role of platelet TGF-β1 β1 in the priming phase of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Balaphas
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Meyer
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Remo Perozzo
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.Z.-L.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Magali Zeisser-Labouebe
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.Z.-L.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Berndt
- Regen Lab SA, En Budron b2, 1052 Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Antoine Turzi
- Regen Lab SA, En Budron b2, 1052 Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Pierre Fontana
- Division of Angiology and Haemostasis, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Geneva Platelet Group, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.Z.-L.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Gonelle-Gispert
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.G.-G.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Leo H. Bühler
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.G.-G.); (L.H.B.)
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29
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Okamoto K, Koda M, Okamoto T, Onoyama T, Miyoshi K, Kishina M, Matono T, Kato J, Tokunaga S, Sugihara T, Hiramatsu A, Hyogo H, Tobita H, Sato S, Kawanaka M, Hara Y, Hino K, Chayama K, Murawaki Y, Isomoto H. Serum miR-379 expression is related to the development and progression of hypercholesterolemia in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0219412. [PMID: 32106257 PMCID: PMC7046274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a wide spectrum, eventually leading to cirrhosis and hepatic carcinogenesis. We previously reported that a series of microRNAs (miRNAs) mapped in the 14q32.2 maternally imprinted gene region (Dlk1-Dio3 mat) are related to NAFLD development and progression in a mouse model. We examined the suitability of miR-379, a circulating Dlk1-Dio3 mat miRNA, as a human NAFLD biomarker. Methods Eighty NAFLD patients were recruited for this study. miR-379 was selected from the putative Dlk1-Dio3 mat miRNA cluster because it exhibited the greatest expression difference between NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in our preliminary study. Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression levels of miR-379 and miR-16 as an internal control. One patient was excluded due to low RT-PCR signal. Results Compared to normal controls, serum miR-379 expression was significantly up-regulated in NAFLD patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that miR-379 is a suitable marker for discriminating NAFLD patients from controls, with an area under the curve value of 0.72. Serum miR-379 exhibited positive correlations with alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with early stage NAFLD (Brunt fibrosis stage 0 to 1). The correlation between serum miR-379 and cholesterol levels was lost in early stage NAFLD patients treated with statins. Software-based predictions indicated that various energy metabolism–related genes, including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor, are potential targets of miR-379. Conclusions Serum miR-379 exhibits high potential as a biomarker for NAFLD. miR-379 appears to increase cholesterol lipotoxicity, leading to the development and progression of NAFLD, via interference with the expression of target genes, including those related to the IGF-1 signaling pathway. Our results could facilitate future research into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinya Okamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masahiko Koda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takumi Onoyama
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kenichi Miyoshi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Manabu Kishina
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Matono
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Jun Kato
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shiho Tokunaga
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sugihara
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Akira Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tobita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Miwa Kawanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, General Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hara
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hino
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Murawaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
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Jefferson B, Ali M, Grant S, Frampton G, Ploof M, Andry S, DeMorrow S, McMillin M. Thrombospondin-1 Exacerbates Acute Liver Failure and Hepatic Encephalopathy Pathology in Mice by Activating Transforming Growth Factor β1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:347-357. [PMID: 31734229 PMCID: PMC7013272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe hepatic insults can lead to acute liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) has been shown to contribute to HE during acute liver failure; however, TGFβ1 must be activated to bind its receptor and generate downstream effects. One protein that can activate TGFβ1 is thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess TSP-1 during acute liver failure and HE pathogenesis. C57Bl/6 or TSP-1 knockout (TSP-1-/-) mice were injected with azoxymethane (AOM) to induce acute liver failure and HE. Liver damage, neurologic decline, and molecular analyses of TSP-1 and TGFβ1 signaling were performed. AOM-treated mice had increased TSP-1 and TGFβ1 mRNA and protein expression in the liver. TSP-1-/- mice administered AOM had reduced liver injury as assessed by histology and serum transaminase levels compared with C57Bl/6 AOM-treated mice. TSP-1-/- mice treated with AOM had reduced TGFβ1 signaling that was associated with less hepatic cell death as assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining and cleaved caspase 3 expression. TSP-1-/- AOM-treated mice had a reduced rate of neurologic decline, less cerebral edema, and a decrease in microglia activation in comparison with C57Bl/6 mice treated with AOM. Taken together, TSP-1 is an activator of TGFβ1 signaling during AOM-induced acute liver failure and contributes to both liver pathology and HE progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malaika Ali
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Austin, Texas
| | - Stephanie Grant
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas; Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Gabriel Frampton
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
| | - Michaela Ploof
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Austin, Texas
| | - Sarah Andry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Austin, Texas; Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, Texas; Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
| | - Matthew McMillin
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Austin, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas.
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31
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Yang HD, Kim HS, Kim SY, Na MJ, Yang G, Eun JW, Wang HJ, Cheong JY, Park WS, Nam SW. HDAC6 Suppresses Let-7i-5p to Elicit TSP1/CD47-Mediated Anti-Tumorigenesis and Phagocytosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2019; 70:1262-1279. [PMID: 30991448 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) uniquely serves as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms leading to tumor suppression are not fully understood. To identify comprehensive microRNAs (miRNAs) regulated by HDAC6 in hepatocellular carcinogenesis, differential miRNA expression analysis of HDAC6-transfected Hep3B cells was performed. Using integrative analyses of publicly available transcriptome data and miRNA target prediction, we selected five candidate miRNAs and, through in vitro functional validation, showed that let-7i-5p specifically suppressed thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ectopic expression of antisense let-7i-5p (AS-let-7i-5p) inhibited in vitro tumorigenesis of HCC cells. In addition, treatments of partially purified TSP1 from culture cell media (ppTSP1) and recombinant TSP1 (rTSP1) exhibited similar effects with AS-let-7i-5p treatment on the same HCC cells, whereas TSP1 neutralizing antibody treatment significantly attenuated these effects. Notably, treatments of HDAC6 plasmid, AS-let-7i-5p, ppTSP1, and rTSP1 significantly suppressed in vitro angiogenesis and metastatic potential of HCC cells, but the co-treatment of TSP1 antibody specific to cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) binding domain successfully blocked these effects in the same cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that recovery of HDAC6 elicited let-7i-5p suppression to de-repress TSP1 expression; therefore, it occupied the CD47 receptor to block CD47-SIRPα-mediated anti-phagocytosis of macrophage in HCC. We also observed that HCC-derived exosomal let-7i-5p suppressed TSP1 of recipient hepatocyte cells. Treatments of HDAC6 plasmid, AS-let-7i-5p, and rTSP1 suppressed tumor incidence as well as tumor growth rates in a spontaneous mouse HCC model. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the HDAC6-let-7i-5p-TSP1 regulatory pathway suppresses neoplastic and antiphagocytic behaviors of HCC by interacting with cell surface receptor CD47 in HCC and neighboring cells of tumor microenvironment, providing a therapeutic target for the treatment of liver malignancy and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Doo Yang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Functional RNomics Research Center, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Functional RNomics Research Center, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yean Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Functional RNomics Research Center, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Na
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Functional RNomics Research Center, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongdeok Yang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Functional RNomics Research Center, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Eun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Wang
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youn Cheong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Functional RNomics Research Center, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Functional RNomics Research Center, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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32
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Sun R, Meng X, Wang W, Liu B, Lv X, Yuan J, Zeng L, Chen Y, Yuan B, Yang S. Five genes may predict metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer using bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1723-1732. [PMID: 31423239 PMCID: PMC6607402 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common types of malignancy worldwide. The prognosis of lung cancer is poor, due to the onset of metastases. The aim of the present study was to examine lung cancer metastasis-associated genes. To identify novel metastasis-associated targets, our previous study detected the differentially expressed mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs between the large-cell lung cancer high-metastatic 95D cell line and the low-metastatic 95C cell line by microarray assay. In the present study, these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed via bioinformatics methods, including Gene Ontology functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction network was subsequently constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins online database and Cytoscape software, and 17 hub genes were screened out on the basis of connectivity degree. These hub genes were further validated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) using the online Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database. A total of seven hub genes were identified to be significantly differentially expressed in LUAD and LUSC. The prognostic information was detected using Kaplan-Meier plotter. As a result, five genes were revealed to be closely associated with the overall survival time of patients with lung cancer, including phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1, FYN, thrombospondin 1, nonerythrocytic α-spectrin 1 and secreted phosphoprotein 1. In addition, lung cancer and adjacent lung tissue samples were used to validate these hub genes by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, the results of the present study may provide novel metastasis-associated therapeutic strategies or potential biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Boxuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Lizhong Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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33
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Platelet TGF-β1 deficiency decreases liver fibrosis in a mouse model of liver injury. Blood Adv 2019; 2:470-480. [PMID: 29490978 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017010868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a primary role in liver fibrosis, but the source of TGF-β1 is unclear. Because platelets are rich in TGF-β1, we examined the role of platelet TGF-β1 in liver fibrosis by challenging wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in platelet TGF-β1 (PF4CreTgfb1f/f) with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), an inducer of acute hepatic injury and chronic fibrosis. CCl4 elicited equivalent hepatic injury in WT and PF4CreTgfb1f/f mice based on loss of cytochrome P450 (Cyp2e1) expression, observed at 6 hours and peaking at 3 days after CCl4 challenge; PF4CreTgfb1f/f mice exhibited less liver fibrosis than control mice. Activated platelets were observed during acute liver injury (6 hours), and WT mice with transient platelet depletion (thrombocytopenia) were partially protected from developing fibrosis compared with control mice (P = .01), suggesting an association between platelet activation and fibrosis. Transient increases in TGF-β1 levels and Smad2 phosphorylation signaling were observed 6 hours and 3 days, respectively, after CCl4 challenge in WT, but not PF4CreTgfb1f/f , mice, suggesting that increased TGF-β1 levels originated from platelet-released TGF-β1 during the initial injury. Numbers of collagen-producing HSCs and myofibroblasts were higher at 3 days and 36 days, respectively, in WT vs PF4CreTgfb1f/f mice, suggesting that platelet TGF-β1 may have stimulated HSC transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts. Thus, platelet TGF-β1 partially contributes to liver fibrosis, most likely by initiating profibrotic signaling in HSCs and collagen synthesis. Further studies are required to evaluate whether blocking platelet and TGF-β1 activation during acute liver injury prevents liver fibrosis.
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Yokoyama T, Yagi Mendoza H, Tanaka T, Ii H, Takano R, Yaegaki K, Ishikawa H. Regulation of CCl 4-induced liver cirrhosis by hepatically differentiated human dental pulp stem cells. Hum Cell 2019; 32:125-140. [PMID: 30637566 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-018-00234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for treating liver cirrhosis. However, a limited number of donors, graft rejection, and other complications can undermine transplant success. It is considered that cell transplantation is an alternative approach of liver transplantation. We previously developed a protocol for hepatic differentiation of cluster of differentiation 117+ stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous tooth pulp (SHEDs) under hydrogen sulfide exposure. These cells showed excellent hepatic function. Here, we investigated whether hepatocyte-like cell transplantation is effective for treating carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver cirrhosis. SHEDs were hepatically differentiated, which was confirmed via immunological analyses and albumin concentration determination in the medium. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 for and the differentiated cells were injected into rat spleen. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Liver functions were serologically and pathologically determined. Quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction was implemented to clarify the treatment procedure of liver cirrhosis. In vitro-differentiated hepatocyte-like cells were positive for all examined hepatic markers. SHED-derived hepatocyte transplantation eliminated liver fibrosis and restored liver structure in rats. Liver immunohistochemical analyses showed the presence of human-specific hepatic markers, i.e., a large amount of human hepatic cells were very active in the liver and spleen. Serological tests revealed significant liver function recovery in the transplantation group. Expression of genes promoting fibrosis increased after cirrhosis induction but was suppressed after transplantation. Our results suggest that xenotransplantation of hepatocyte-like cells of human origin can treat cirrhosis. Moreover, cell-based therapy of chronic liver conditions may be an effective option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Yokoyama
- Department of Oral Health, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yagi Mendoza
- Department of Oral Health, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Oral Health, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Hisataka Ii
- Department of Oral Health, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Riya Takano
- Department of Oral Health, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Ken Yaegaki
- Department of Oral Health, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of Oral Health, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Laboratory of Advanced Research D # 326, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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Nahar S, Nakashima Y, Miyagi-Shiohira C, Kinjo T, Toyoda Z, Kobayashi N, Saitoh I, Watanabe M, Noguchi H, Fujita J. Cytokines in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote the healing of liver disease. World J Stem Cells 2018; 10:146-159. [PMID: 30631390 PMCID: PMC6325075 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are a treatment cell source for patients with chronic liver injury. ADSCs are characterized by being harvested from the patient's own subcutaneous adipose tissue, a high cell yield (i.e., reduced immune rejection response), accumulation at a disease nidus, suppression of excessive immune response, production of various growth factors and cytokines, angiogenic effects, anti-apoptotic effects, and control of immune cells via cell-cell interaction. We previously showed that conditioned medium of ADSCs promoted hepatocyte proliferation and improved the liver function in a mouse model of acute liver failure. Furthermore, as found by many other groups, the administration of ADSCs improved liver tissue fibrosis in a mouse model of liver cirrhosis. A comprehensive protein expression analysis by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry showed that the various cytokines and chemokines produced by ADSCs promote the healing of liver disease. In this review, we examine the ability of expressed protein components of ADSCs to promote healing in cell therapy for liver disease. Previous studies demonstrated that ADSCs are a treatment cell source for patients with chronic liver injury. This review describes the various cytokines and chemokines produced by ADSCs that promote the healing of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifun Nahar
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakashima
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Takao Kinjo
- Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences in the Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Zensei Toyoda
- Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences in the Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | | | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama Univer sity Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Jiro Fujita
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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Murphy-Ullrich JE, Suto MJ. Thrombospondin-1 regulation of latent TGF-β activation: A therapeutic target for fibrotic disease. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:28-43. [PMID: 29288716 PMCID: PMC6015530 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a central player in fibrotic disease. Clinical trials with global inhibitors of TGF-β have been disappointing, suggesting that a more targeted approach is warranted. Conversion of the latent precursor to the biologically active form of TGF-β represents a novel approach to selectively modulating TGF-β in disease, as mechanisms employed to activate latent TGF-β are typically cell, tissue, and/or disease specific. In this review, we will discuss the role of the matricellular protein, thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), in regulation of latent TGF-β activation and the use of an antagonist of TSP-1 mediated TGF-β activation in a number of diverse fibrotic diseases. In particular, we will discuss the TSP-1/TGF-β pathway in fibrotic complications of diabetes, liver fibrosis, and in multiple myeloma. We will also discuss emerging evidence for a role for TSP-1 in arterial remodeling, biomechanical modulation of TGF-β activity, and in immune dysfunction. As TSP-1 expression is upregulated by factors induced in fibrotic disease, targeting the TSP-1/TGF-β pathway potentially represents a more selective approach to controlling TGF-β activity in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, and Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, United States.
| | - Mark J Suto
- Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, United States
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Wang Y, Chen W, Hou B, Gao Y, Li Z, Li X, Zhang C. Altered expression of thrombospondin-1/-2 in the cortex and synaptophysin in the hippocampus after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:3267-3276. [PMID: 31949701 PMCID: PMC6962822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Blood supply returned to infracted tissue causes tissue damage. Therefore, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries are usually accompanied by synapse formation, but the exact cause is still unknown. To address this question, we established a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model with different reperfusion times, and we examined neurological deficit scores and brain infarct size. Subsequently, thrombospondin (TSP)-1 and TSP-2 expression levels in the cingulated cortex, striate cortex, aud cortex, and piriform cortex at different time points after I/R were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, synaptophysin expression in the hippocampus was examined using IHC. As expected, after ischemia with different reperfusion times, higher neurological deficits scores were observed in MCAO rats compared to sham-operated rats. Brain infarct sizes were increased in different sections, and brain sections exhibited obvious necrosis in the right cerebra. In addition, TSP-1 and TSP-2 expression levels in the cingulated cortex, striate cortex, aud cortex, and piriform cortex significantly increased with increasing reperfusion times. Similarly, synaptophysin expression levels in the hippocampus significantly increased with increasing reperfusion times. Our results indicate that altered TSP-1 and TSP-2 expression in cortical areas may contribute to synapse formation. Our model not only allowed us to observe the time-related expression of TSP-1, TSP-2, and synaptophysin after I/R injury but also provides a potential tool for studying synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Bin Hou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center of PLABeijing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center of PLABeijing, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center of PLABeijing, China
| | - Xu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Chenggang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center of PLABeijing, China
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Shan Y, Wang B, Zhang J. New strategies in achieving antiangiogenic effect: Multiplex inhibitors suppressing compensatory activations of RTKs. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1674-1705. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shan
- Department of Pharmacy; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
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Wang F, Li L, Piontek K, Sakaguchi M, Selaru FM. Exosome miR-335 as a novel therapeutic strategy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2018; 67:940-954. [PMID: 29023935 PMCID: PMC5826829 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and deadly cancer. Most cases of HCC arise in a cirrhotic/fibrotic liver, indicating that environment may play a paramount role in cancer genesis. Previous studies from our group and others have shown that, in desmoplastic cancers, there is a rich intercellular communication between activated, cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cells. Moreover, extracellular vesicles (EVs), or exosomes, have been identified as an important arm of this intercellular communication platform. Finally, these studies have shown that EVs can carry microRNA (miR) species in vivo and deliver them to desmoplastic cancers. The precise role played by activated liver fibroblasts/stellate cells in HCC development is insufficiently known. Based on previous studies, it appears plausible that activated fibroblasts produce signals carried by EVs that promote HCC genesis. In the current study, we first hypothesized and then demonstrated that stellate cell-derived EVs 1) can be loaded with an miR species of choice (miR-335-5p); 2) are taken up by HCC cells in vitro and more importantly in vivo; 3) can supply the miR-335-5p cargo to recipient HCC cells in vitro as well as in vivo; and 4) inhibit HCC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro as well as induce HCC tumor shrinkage in vivo. Finally, we identified messenger RNA targets for miR-335 that are down-regulated after treatment with EV-miR-335-5p. This study informs potential therapeutic strategies in HCC, whereby stellate cell-derived EVs are loaded with therapeutic nucleic acids and delivered in vivo. (Hepatology 2018;67:940-954).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Klaus Piontek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Masazumi Sakaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Florin M. Selaru
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Institute for Nanobiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Impact of glutathione peroxidase 4 on cell proliferation, angiogenesis and cytokine production in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29515790 PMCID: PMC5839371 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient supplementation with the micronutrient selenium and persistent hepatic inflammation predispose to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Inflammation-associated reactive oxygen species attack membrane lipids and form lipid hydroperoxides able to propagate oxidative hepatic damage. Selenium-containing enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) antagonizes this damage by reducing lipid hydroperoxides to respective hydroxides. However, the role of GPx4 in HCC remains elusive. We generated two human HCC cell lines with stable overexpression of GPx4, performed xenotransplantation into NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) host mice and characterized the tumors formed. The experimental data were verified using gene expression data from two independent HCC patient cohorts. GPx4 overexpression protected from oxidative stress and reduced intracellular free radical level. GPx4-overexpressing cells displayed impaired tumor growth, reduced proliferation, altered angiogenesis and decreased expression of clinically relevant cytokine interleukin-8 and C-reactive protein. Moreover, GPx4 overexpression impaired migration of endothelial cells in vitro, and enhanced expression of thrombospondin 1, an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis. In patients, GPx4 expression in tumors positively correlated with survival and was linked to pathways which regulate cell proliferation, motility, tissue remodelling, immune response and M1 macrophage polarization. The patient data largely confirmed experimental findings especially in a subclass of poor prognosis tumors with high proliferation. GPx4 suppresses formation and progression of HCC by inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation as well as by immune-mediated mechanisms. Modification of GPx4 expression may represent a novel tool for HCC prevention or treatment.
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Liu Y, Zhang C, Li Z, Wang C, Jia J, Gao T, Hildebrandt G, Zhou D, Bondada S, Ji P, St Clair D, Liu J, Zhan C, Geiger H, Wang S, Liang Y. Latexin Inactivation Enhances Survival and Long-Term Engraftment of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Expands the Entire Hematopoietic System in Mice. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:991-1004. [PMID: 28330618 PMCID: PMC5390104 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural genetic diversity offers an important yet largely untapped resource to decipher the molecular mechanisms regulating hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. Latexin (Lxn) is a negative stem cell regulatory gene identified on the basis of genetic diversity. By using an Lxn knockout mouse model, we found that Lxn inactivation in vivo led to the physiological expansion of the entire hematopoietic hierarchy. Loss of Lxn enhanced the competitive repopulation capacity and survival of HSCs in a cell-intrinsic manner. Gene profiling of Lxn-null HSCs showed altered expression of genes enriched in cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. Thrombospondin 1 (Thbs1) was a potential downstream target with a dramatic downregulation in Lxn-null HSCs. Enforced expression of Thbs1 restored the Lxn inactivation-mediated HSC phenotypes. This study reveals that Lxn plays an important role in the maintenance of homeostatic hematopoiesis, and it may lead to development of safe and effective approaches to manipulate HSCs for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Health Sciences Research Building Room 340, 1095 V.A. Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Cancer Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jianhang Jia
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Tianyan Gao
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Gerhard Hildebrandt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Subbarao Bondada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daret St Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Health Sciences Research Building Room 340, 1095 V.A. Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Changguo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Health Sciences Research Building Room 340, 1095 V.A. Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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