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Kim S, Kim SY. Effectiveness of School-Based Oral Health Education for Children and Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:312-321. [PMID: 38545967 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241240959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The global burden of oral diseases is high, but access to oral health care is still problematic, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The prevention of oral diseases in the child and adolescent population is the key as it can be prevented and potentially reversed at its early stages. This study aimed to provide evidence on the effectiveness of school-based oral health education in low- and middle-income countries through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eligible studies had outcomes, such as oral health knowledge, behavior, oral hygiene, gingival health, and caries index, and those published from 1995 to 2019 in English. After screening and reviewing the retrieved articles, 20 studies were included in the systematic review and six eligible studies were selected for meta-analysis. The computed effect size of school-based oral health education in low- and middle-income countries showed improved knowledge, behavior, oral hygiene, and gingival health from the selected studies. However, most of the interventions took place for less than one year, and long-term evidence is still lacking. As repetition and reinforcement are critical in maintaining long-term effects, both country context and sustainability should be considered in school-based oral health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwoo Kim
- Asian Institute for Bioethics and Health Law, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, SNU Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yoon Kim
- Division of Medical Law and Bioethics, Department of Medical Humanities and Social Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lumsden CL, Edelstein BL, Leu CS, Zhang J, Rubin MS, Andrews H. Change in parental knowledge and beliefs about early childhood dental caries following a pragmatic community-based trial. J Public Health Dent 2024. [PMID: 38684426 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate parent knowledge and belief changes following the MySmileBuddy (MSB) early childhood caries (ECC) intervention. METHODS Pre- and post-intervention surveys were completed by 669 parents of children with visually-evident ECC from among 977 participants in a 6-12-month pragmatic community-based caries management trial administered by community health workers (CHWs). Six domains of knowledge about caries and motivating and facilitating determinants were assessed via 26 survey items. Principal components analysis and reliability testing reduced dataset dimensionality. Parent and CHW characteristics were analyzed as potential moderators. Paired T-tests measured pre-to-post-intervention changes. Generalized estimating equations accounted for within-participant correlation with significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Twenty items consolidated into five factors (saliva, hygiene, diet, seriousness/susceptibility, and outcome expectations). Six additional items were evaluated individually. Positive post-intervention changes (p < 0.0001) were observed across all factors and all but one individual item (tooth decay is very common). Greatest knowledge increases related to caries as a bacterial disease in two measures, the saliva factor and a single caries belief item tooth decay is an infectious disease (0.59 unit increase, 95% CI [0.55, 0.64] and 0.46 unit increase, 95% CI [0.4, 0.51], respectively), and in the value of fluoridated water over bottled (0.46 unit increase, 95% CI [0.39-0.53]). Most parents improved knowledge of ECC salivary (72%) and dietary risks (57%), and preventative hygiene behaviors (59%). CONCLUSIONS MSB enhanced knowledge and beliefs about caries and confirmed hypothesized mediators of behavior change among parents of high-risk children. Engaging peer-like CHW interventionists may have moderated intervention effects, warranting further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie L Lumsden
- Section of Oral, Diagnostic, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Burton L Edelstein
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Professor Emeritus of Dental Medicine (in Pediatric Dentistry) and Health Policy & Management at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine and Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cheng-Shiun Leu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiaqing Zhang
- Department of Human Development, Teachers College Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marcie S Rubin
- Section of Growth and Development, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Howard Andrews
- Columbia Data Coordinating Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Paiva Barbosa V, Bastos Silveira B, Amorim Dos Santos J, Monteiro MM, Coletta RD, De Luca Canto G, Stefani CM, Guerra ENS. Critical appraisal tools used in systematic reviews of in vitro cell culture studies: A methodological study. Res Synth Methods 2023; 14:776-793. [PMID: 37464457 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Systematic reviews (SRs) of preclinical studies are marked with poor methodological quality. In vitro studies lack assessment tools to improve the quality of preclinical research. This methodological study aimed to identify, collect, and analyze SRs based on cell culture studies to highlight the current appraisal tools utilized to support the development of a validated critical appraisal tool for cell culture in vitro research. SRs, scoping reviews, and meta-analyses that included cell culture studies and used any type of critical appraisal tool were included. Electronic search, study selection, data collection and methodological quality (MQ) assessment tool were realized. Further, statistical analyses regarding possible associations and correlations between MQ and collected data were performed. After the screening process, 82 studies remained for subsequent analysis. A total of 32 different appraisal tools were identified. Approximately 60% of studies adopted pre-structured tools not designed for cell culture studies. The most frequent instruments were SYRCLE (n = 14), OHAT (n = 9), Cochrane Collaboration's tool (n = 7), GRADE (n = 6), CONSORT (n = 5), and ToxRTool (n = 5). The studies were divided into subgroups to perform statistical analyses. A significant association (OR = 5.00, 95% CI = 1.54-16.20, p = 0.008) was found between low MQ and chronic degenerative disorders as topic of SR. Several challenges in collecting information from the included studies led to some modifications related to the previously registered protocol. These results may serve as a basis for further development of a critical appraisal tool for cell culture studies capable of capturing all the essential factors related to preclinical research, therefore enhancing the practice of evidence-based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Paiva Barbosa
- University of Brasília, Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bastos Silveira
- University of Brasília, Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Juliana Amorim Dos Santos
- University of Brasília, Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mylene Martins Monteiro
- University of Brasília, Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- University of Campinas, Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Graziela De Luca Canto
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cristine Miron Stefani
- University of Brasilia, Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- University of Brasília, Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Nilchian F, Ataie Z, Bahrami E. Oral health knowledge, attitude, and performance of teachers and healthcare workers in special schools for the disabled children in Isfahan. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:350. [PMID: 38144027 PMCID: PMC10743847 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_745_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Oral health is an important aspect of general health, and is of great importance, especially in disabled children. A school is an ideal place for the implementation of preventive programs. Considering the significance of the prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease in disabled children, and the important role of teachers in the oral health promotion of students, this study aimed to assess the oral health knowledge, attitude, and performance of teachers and healthcare workers in special schools for the disabled children in Isfahan. This descriptive-analytical study evaluated the oral health knowledge, attitude, and performance of 172 teachers and healthcare workers of special schools for disabled children in Isfahan using a questionnaire. The participants were selected using census sampling. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS via the Chi-square test, t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient at P < 0.05 level of significance. The mean score of knowledge and attitude of teachers was 72.2% and 80.5%, respectively. The mean score of knowledge of healthcare workers was significantly higher than that of teachers (P = 0.007). Age had no significant correlation with the knowledge score (P = 0.41) but was significantly correlated with the attitude score (P = 0.01). Work experience had a significant correlation with the knowledge (P = 0.02) and attitude (P = 0.005) scores. In addition, the educational level had a significant correlation with the knowledge (P < 0.001) and attitude (P = 0.007) scores. The findings of this research showed that work experience had a significant correlation with the knowledge and attitude scores, which can be due to more contact of teachers with longer work experience with disabled children and their higher perception of hygienic needs and problems of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firouzeh Nilchian
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Dentistry Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ataie
- Dentistry Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Bahrami
- Dentistry Faculty, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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AlJasser R, Alsinaidi A, Bawazir N, AlSaleh L, AlOmair A, AlMthen H. Association of oral health awareness and practice of proper oral hygiene measures among Saudi population: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:785. [PMID: 37875884 PMCID: PMC10594747 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have proven that increasing oral hygiene knowledge correlates with good oral health status compared to those who lack this knowledge. Therefore, the aims of the study to evaluate the overall oral health awareness among the Saudi population based on knowledge and practice of proper oral hygiene measures. METHODS A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines. Cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies were included in the study and framed into a PICO question. Initially, a search was conducted on PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. Four independent reviewers screened the identified titles, abstracts, and full texts. Cohen's Kappa score was used to evaluate the level of agreement between the reviewers. RESULTS Forty cross-sectional studies and one prospective cohort study were included. Several studies showed that most students across all departments of universities knew the protective effects of fluoride on teeth. Two studies assessing the attitude and practice of oral hygiene found that most students knew that poor oral health leads to gum disease, and 59.1% were aware of maintaining oral hygiene using a toothbrush and paste. Most participants knew the importance of oral and dental care before pregnancy and how to reduce dental problems during pregnancy. Pregnant women clean their teeth daily and consider brushing and using toothpaste essential for pregnant women. Studies on oral hygiene practices of patients with diabetes reported that flossing habits were rated less important and most of their respondents never flossed their teeth. CONCLUSION Strong correlation between oral health knowledge and practices was observed, with the higher the knowledge level, the better the practice. Therefore, new technologies and strategies must be tested for an effective oral health system. TRIAL REGISTRATION A protocol was specified and registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on August 2020 (registration number CRD 42,020,200,373).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham AlJasser
- Department of Periodontic and Community, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aljoharah Alsinaidi
- Department of Periodontic and Community, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Bawazir
- Collage of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama AlSaleh
- Collage of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aseel AlOmair
- Collage of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa AlMthen
- Collage of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Li JY, He SY, Wang PX, Dai SS, Zhang SQ, Li ZY, Guo QY, Liu F. Incidence and risk factors of unplanned retreatment following dental general anesthesia in children with severe early childhood caries. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1163368. [PMID: 37576136 PMCID: PMC10413873 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1163368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to retrospectively describe the unplanned retreatment of dental general anesthesia (DGA) in children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and explore potential factors that may influence the outcome of DGA treatment. Methods Medical records of children with S-ECC who received DGA treatment were screened, and necessary data were extracted. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate the DGA survival rate and explore the potential factors affecting the success rate of DGA treatment. Results Medical records of 852 children were included; 509 (59.7%) children with 1,212 (10.7%) teeth underwent unplanned retreatment. Restoration failure (30.12%) and new caries (29.46%) accounted for the most significant proportion of all failures. The median survival times were 510 and 1,911 days at the child and tooth levels, respectively. Unplanned retreatment risk was associated with the age of S-ECC children, frequency of follow-up, and fluoride application (hazard ratio = 0.97, 0.78, 0.69, P < 0.001). Conclusion The treatment outcome of DGA administered to children with S-ECC was satisfactory at the tooth level from the perspective of the incidence of unplanned retreatment. Restoration failure was the main reason for the high unplanned retreatment rate. Strategies for a better outcome of DGA include improving the professional knowledge and skills of pediatric dentists and enhancing compliance of parents/patients. Health education and regular topical fluoride application may improve the success rate of DGA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medical Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shu-yang He
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pan-xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medical Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shan-shan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medical Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shu-qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medical Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zheng-yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medical Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qing-yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medical Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medical Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Yan S, Luo S, Yang X, He L, Chen X, Que G. Effectiveness of online caries management platform in children's caries prevention: A randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1102503. [PMID: 36844857 PMCID: PMC9947237 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To construct an online caries management platform and evaluate its efficacy in children's caries prevention based on caries risk. Methods The study participants were second-grade pupils. The caries risk assessment tool (CAT) was used to grade caries risk for all participants, who were randomly divided into the experimental (114 pupils) and control (111 pupils) groups. The experimental group used the Internet for caries management, while the control group was managed by traditional lecturing in classroom. The caries status of each surface of the first permanent molars was recorded. The basic information and oral health knowledge, attitude, and behaviors of participants were collected by questionnaire. One year later, outcome data were collected. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to analyze the caries risk assessment items and oral health behaviors. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to analyze the decayed-missing-filled surfaces (DMFS) index, plaque index, and scores of oral health knowledge and attitude. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. This study was available on the website of Chinese Clinical Trials Register (No: MR-44-22-012947). Results After 1 year, the oral health knowledge score was improved by 20.58% (P < 0.001) in the experimental group and 6.02% in the control group. The plaque index was improved by 49.60% (P < 0.001) in the experimental group and 21.01% in the control group. The DMFS index increased in both groups but there were no significant differences (P = 0.608). The experimental group had a better improvement effect in caries risk assessment items than the control group, including "whether the frequency of eating sugary snacks or drinks between meals is more than 3 times/day" (P = 0.033) and the use of fluoridated toothpaste (P = 0.020). The experimental group was better than the control group in reported oral health behaviors, including frequency of eating sweets before sleep (P = 0.032), brushing time (P = 0.001), and the filled rate (proportion of FS in DMFS) of first permanent molars (P = 0.003). Conclusions The online caries management platform showed more advantages than traditional lecturing in improving oral health knowledge and behaviors (oral hygiene practice, sugar consumption behavior, and medical treatment behavior). This platform provides a reliable implementation path for the occurrence and continuous improvement of oral health-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yan
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Luo
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lidan He
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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The Impact of Dental Care Programs on Individuals and Their Families: A Scoping Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11020033. [PMID: 36826178 PMCID: PMC9954911 DOI: 10.3390/dj11020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant global improvements in oral health, inequities persist. Targeted dental care programs are perceived as a viable approach to both improving oral health and to address inequities. However, the impacts of dental care programs on individual and family oral health outcomes remain unclear. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this scoping review is to map the evidence on impacts of existing dental programs, specifically on individual and family level outcomes. METHODS We systematically searched four scientific databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Sociological Abstracts for studies published in the English language between December 1999 and November 2021. Search terms were kept broad to capture a range of programs. Four reviewers (AG, VD, AE, and KKP) independently screened the abstracts and reviewed full-text articles and extracted the data. Cohen's kappa inter-rater reliability score was 0.875, indicating excellent agreement between the reviewers. Data were summarized according to the PRISMA statement. RESULTS The search yielded 65,887 studies, of which 76 were included in the data synthesis. All but one study assessed various individual-level outcomes (n = 75) and only five investigated family outcomes. The most common program interventions are diagnostic and preventive (n = 35, 46%) care, targeted children (n = 42, 55%), and delivered in school-based settings (n = 28, 37%). The majority of studies (n = 43, 57%) reported a significant improvement in one or more of their reported outcomes; the most assessed outcome was change in dental decay (n = 35). CONCLUSIONS Dental care programs demonstrated effectiveness in addressing individual oral health outcomes. However, evidence to show the impact on family-related outcomes remains limited and requires attention in future research.
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Jeong JS, Kim KS, Lee JW, Kim KD, Park W. Efficacy of tooth brushing via a three-dimensional motion tracking system for dental plaque control in school children: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:626. [PMID: 36550451 PMCID: PMC9773603 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School children are in a developmental period in which permanent teeth replace primary dentition. It is also a period with a high incidence of gingivitis and caries, which can be improved with adequate tooth brushing. Advances in information technology have led to the development of smart health devices that assist in tooth brushing. We compared the effectiveness of computer-assisted toothbrushing using a toothbrushing instruction (TBI) method called the smart toothbrush and smart mirror (STM) system with that of conventional TBI (verbal instructions) for plaque control in school children. METHODS This randomized controlled clinical trial analyzed and compared the reduction of the modified Quigley-Hein plaque index between the two methods in 42 school children. The participants were randomly assigned to the STM system group (n = 21) or conventional-TBI group (n = 21). The plaque indices were evaluated at baseline, immediately after TBI (day 0), and 1 week and 1 month after TBI. RESULTS The STM system and conventional TBI led to an average reduction of 40.50% and 40.57%, respectively, in whole mouth plaque. Reductions in the plaque indices within each tested time period were observed in both groups (P < 0.001), and the mean plaque reduction did not differ between the two groups (P = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS The present study tested a computer assisted system for TBI, more studies are needed to confirm its usefulness in different objectives. Clinical relevance The computer-assisted STM system may be an alternative of TBI for children. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04627324) Registered 13/11/2020-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04627324 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sun Jeong
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Kyeong-Seop Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Kee-Deog Kim
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Wonse Park
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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What Do Mothers (or Caregivers) Know about Their Children’s Oral Hygiene? An Update of the Current Evidence. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081215. [PMID: 36010105 PMCID: PMC9406871 DOI: 10.3390/children9081215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tooth decay remains one of the most common diseases in children, although it is a preventable injury and despite significant advances that has been made in terms of attention and care for oral hygiene. Several studies have shown the association between prevalence of tooth decay in children and parents’ incorrect oral care habits, with a low educational level and a low socioeconomic background. The question that arises concerns the actual oral hygiene knowledge of mothers, fathers, family members or caregivers of young patients; therefore, the aim of this review is to investigate the genesis of gaps in the topic. A literature search was conducted through the Scopus and PubMed search engine and ended in May 2022; only studies from the past 20 years were included. Current evidence suggests that parents and caregivers still have little knowledge about their children’s oral health: there is not enough awareness about the importance of preventing oral diseases, due to poor attention to good oral hygiene but also lack of information from health professionals and institutions. In the future, all the professionals involved in the pregnant woman’s care should increase parents’ knowledge, solve their doubts, collect and compare data in order to design effective intervention programs.
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Ibiyemi O, Lawal F, Osuh M, Owoaje T, Idiga E, Fagbule O, Ijarogbe O. Developing an Oral Hygiene Education Song for Children and Teenagers in Nigeria. Int Dent J 2022; 72:866-871. [PMID: 35914956 PMCID: PMC9676551 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral diseases mainly caused by poor oral hygiene are a major public health problem affecting over half of the world's population. Oral hygiene education targeted at children and teenagers in schools is an important approach in addressing this problem. Folk songs in the language and cultural context children and teenagers are familiar with appears to be a promising tool and alternative to traditional oral hygiene education. Objectives This paper aims to report how a local traditional song on oral hygiene education amongst children and teenagers in southwestern Nigeria was developed with a view to providing information on how the song can be developed in other languages as well as how other oral health education songs can be developed. Method Oral health professionals from the University College Hospital, Ibadan, and music experts from the University of Ibadan, in collaboration with traditional/local musicians, parents/guardians, schoolteachers, and community heads, took part in the development of the song over a period of 6 months. Developing the tool involved certain processes which were validated and evaluated. These processes included developing the lyrics, choosing the type of song, creating the melody, and producing and finishing the song as an oral hygiene education tool. Written and audio documentations of the processes were done. Results A 90-second oral hygiene education song was developed in English and later translated into Yoruba. The numerous steps, collaborations, and meetings required in the development of the song were associated with many learning opportunities including team-building, understanding cultural contexts, effective collaboration, leadership, and communication skills. Conclusions Creating new and effective oral hygiene education tool requires various processes and multiple steps and resources. However, it is a necessary and worthy exercise in ensuring sustainable and adequate oral hygiene, especially amongst children and teenagers in underserved populations, as we move into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olushola Ibiyemi
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Folake Lawal
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mary Osuh
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Tolu Owoaje
- Department of Music, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ejiro Idiga
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Omotayo Fagbule
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olabode Ijarogbe
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Evidence based recommendations to improve the children oral health in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:431-444. [PMID: 36092525 PMCID: PMC9453498 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Identify the existing evidence base with regards to interventions that address high levels of dental caries. A discussion of the applicability of the evidence to possible replication in Saudi Arabia is presented, alongside recommendations to help reduce dental caries rates in children in Saudi Arabia. Methods A comprehensive systematic review following PRISMA methods was conducted using three databases: MEDLINE via OVID; EMBASE via OVID and Cochrane Library. Studies were included according to inclusion criteria. AMSTAR2 was used to assess the quality of the included studies, while GRADE was used to assess the quality of evidence. Results Ten studies were included in this review. The quality of these were ‘high’ (in two review), moderate (in two studies), low (in one study) and to ‘critically low’ (5 reviews). The quality of the evidence presented by the reviews ranged from ‘moderate’ to ‘very low’. The interventions methods included MI, one-to-one nutrition advice, educational interventions and dental screening. The applicability of the findings in relation to dental care in Saudi Arabia is discussed and summarized in a narrative. Conclusion No strong evidence that supported interventions to improve the child oral health in Saudi Arabia was found. None of the included reviews included studies conducted in Saudi Arabia or evaluated interventions among the local community. As for different culture values, norms, beliefs and attitude to those demographics explored in the reviews, it is unclear if interventions with improve oral health among Saudi children. Further research is needed to explore the efficacy of these interventions in a Saudi context.
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Gajic M, Vojinovic J, Kalevski K, Pavlovic M, Kolak V, Vukovic B, Mladenovic R, Aleksic E. Analysis of the Impact of Oral Health on Adolescent Quality of Life Using Standard Statistical Methods and Artificial Intelligence Algorithms. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8121156. [PMID: 34943352 PMCID: PMC8700601 DOI: 10.3390/children8121156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of oral health on adolescent quality of life and to compare the results obtained using standard statistical methods and artificial intelligence algorithms. In order to measure the impact of oral health on adolescent quality of life, a validated Serbian version of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) scale was used. The total sample comprised 374 respondents. The obtained results were processed using standard statistical methods and machine learning, i.e., artificial intelligence algorithms-singular value decomposition. OIDP score was dichotomized into two categories depending on whether the respondents had or did not have oral or teeth problems affecting their life quality. Human intuition and machine algorithms came to the same conclusion on how the respondents should be divided. As such, method quality and the need to perform analyses of this type in dentistry studies were demonstrated. Using artificial intelligence algorithms, the respondents can be clustered into characteristic groups that allow the discovery of details not possible with the intuitive division of respondents by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Gajic
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, 26000 Pancevo, Serbia; (M.G.); (J.V.); (K.K.); (M.P.); (V.K.); (B.V.); (E.A.)
| | - Jovan Vojinovic
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, 26000 Pancevo, Serbia; (M.G.); (J.V.); (K.K.); (M.P.); (V.K.); (B.V.); (E.A.)
| | - Katarina Kalevski
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, 26000 Pancevo, Serbia; (M.G.); (J.V.); (K.K.); (M.P.); (V.K.); (B.V.); (E.A.)
| | - Maja Pavlovic
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, 26000 Pancevo, Serbia; (M.G.); (J.V.); (K.K.); (M.P.); (V.K.); (B.V.); (E.A.)
| | - Veljko Kolak
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, 26000 Pancevo, Serbia; (M.G.); (J.V.); (K.K.); (M.P.); (V.K.); (B.V.); (E.A.)
| | - Branislava Vukovic
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, 26000 Pancevo, Serbia; (M.G.); (J.V.); (K.K.); (M.P.); (V.K.); (B.V.); (E.A.)
| | - Rasa Mladenovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Dentistry, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-695302256
| | - Ema Aleksic
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, 26000 Pancevo, Serbia; (M.G.); (J.V.); (K.K.); (M.P.); (V.K.); (B.V.); (E.A.)
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Gholizadeh M, Ghafour Saeedy SA, Abdi A, Khademi F, Lorian K, Clark CC, Djafarian K. Vitamin C reduces interleukin-6 plasma concentration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Loy F, Underwood B, Stevens C. Watch and learn? A systematic review comparing oral health educational videos with written patient information aimed at parents/carers or children. Br Dent J 2021:10.1038/s41415-021-3616-5. [PMID: 34815480 PMCID: PMC8609984 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Childhood caries remains a major UK health issue. The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated rapid introduction of innovative practice to minimise footfall into dental clinics. Video-based oral health education could help promote oral health advice remotely and has been included in national guidance. This systematic review evaluates the impact of video education versus written patient leaflets on knowledge and oral health behaviours in parents/carers or children.Method PubMed and Medline were searched. In total, 47 articles were identified and relevance assessed by examining titles and abstracts. Seven full-text articles were assessed and reference lists manually screened for additional publications. Three studies met the inclusion criteria.Results Only one study assessed participant knowledge gain and found no statistical significance between scores at baseline and after video, leaflet or hygienist-led education. For oral health behaviour change, one study demonstrated no significant difference in plaque score improvements between video and leaflet groups. The other showed significant improvements in plaque and bleeding scores for both leaflet and video groups compared to the control.Conclusion This review identified too few studies with heterogeneity to make conclusions on the impact of written versusvideo oral health education. A standardised outcome measurement tool is needed to evaluate the impact of current educational videos on oral health behaviour and knowledge. There is potential for video to educate the masses as we navigate through this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionnuala Loy
- Dental Core Trainee 2, North West, Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK.
| | - Ben Underwood
- General Dental Practitioner, Founder and CEO of Brush DJ Ltd, UK
| | - Claire Stevens
- Consultant in Paediatric Dentistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M15 6FH, UK
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Patel J, Durey A, Naoum S, Kruger E, Slack-Smith L. Oral health education and prevention strategies among remote Aboriginal communities: a qualitative study. Aust Dent J 2021; 67:83-93. [PMID: 34767269 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The delivery of effective oral health promotion strategies is essential to improving oral health outcomes among remote Aboriginal communities. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and attitudes of Aboriginal Australians living in remote Kimberley communities towards oral health education and disease prevention. METHODS Semi-structured interviews and yarning circles were carried out following purposive sampling of Aboriginal adults living in the East Kimberley region of Western Australia. RESULTS A total of 80 community members participated in the yarning process. School-based oral health promotion and community-driven restrictions on the sale of sugary food and drink were seen as positive strategies in improving oral health. Lifestyle changes brought about by modernity, internet availability and fixed community stores were perceived to create new challenges and shift the priorities for those living in remote communities. CONCLUSIONS Community-based yarning may better inform future oral health strategies in the Kimberley. A neoliberal approach of shifting responsibility onto the individual ignores the complex social inequities faced by Aboriginal people living in remote communities where macro-level determinants such as remoteness, food security and education significantly influence decisions around diet and oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patel
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - A Durey
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - S Naoum
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - E Kruger
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - L Slack-Smith
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Bramantoro T, Santoso CMA, Hariyani N, Setyowati D, Zulfiana AA, Nor NAM, Nagy A, Pratamawari DNP, Irmalia WR. Effectiveness of the school-based oral health promotion programmes from preschool to high school: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256007. [PMID: 34379685 PMCID: PMC8357156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schools offer an opportunity for oral health promotion in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the influence of school-based oral health promotion programmes on oral health knowledge (OHK), behaviours (OHB), attitude (OHA), status (OHS), and quality of life (OHRQoL) of children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic search on the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted to identify eligible studies. The last search was done on April 24th, 2020. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tools. RESULTS Of the 997 articles identified, 31 articles were included in this review. Seven studies targeted students in preschools, seventeen in elementary schools, and seven in high schools. Most of these studies revealed positive outcomes. Some studies showed that the school-based oral health promotion programmes showed better OHK, OHB, OHS, and OHRQoL. CONCLUSION Positive results were obtained through oral health promotion programmes in schools, especially those involving children, teachers, and parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taufan Bramantoro
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Dental and Oral Health Committee, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Ninuk Hariyani
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dini Setyowati
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Amalia Ayu Zulfiana
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nor Azlida Mohd Nor
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Attila Nagy
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Motivational interviewing for caries prevention in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:585-594. [PMID: 34254214 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) in changing health behaviors (snack and toothbrushing) and preventing dental caries among adolescents. METHODS Five hundred and twelve adolescents with unfavorable caries-related behaviors ("snacking three times or more a day" and/or "toothbrushing less often than twice a day") were randomly assigned to three groups. Group I received prevailing health education (oral health talks and pamphlets). Participants in group II joined a one-on-one face-to-face MI session. In group III, a patient communication tool (Cariogram) was incorporated to facilitate the MI process. At baseline and 24 months post-intervention, a self-administered questionnaire gathered information of participants' sociodemographic characteristics and oral health self-efficacy and behaviors. Their oral hygiene and tooth status were assessed by a blinded examiner. RESULTS After 24 months, 460 (89.8%) participants were followed up. Compared with group I, (i) restriction of frequent snacking was more likely in group II [OR (95% CI): 3.91 (1.48-10.33)] and group III [OR (95% CI): 6.33 (2.46-16.27)], whereas group III tended to adopt the behavior of toothbrushing twice a day [OR (95% CI): 4.80 (1.79-12.85)]; (ii) no significant between-group difference in plaque score reduction was found (p > 0.05); and (iii) groups II and III developed fewer cavitated teeth (△DICDASII 3-6MFT) [β (95% CI): - 0.19 (- 0.37, - 0.01) and - 0.20 (- 0.38, - 0.02), respectively], whereas increment of total carious lesions (△DICDASII 1-6MFT) was lower in group III [β (95% CI): - 0.63 (- 1.24, - 0.02)]. CONCLUSION MI outperformed prevailing health education in improving oral health behaviors and preventing dental caries among adolescents. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Incorporating MI into dental care for caries-prone adolescents contributes to optimal health outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION HKUCTR-1852 ( http://www.hkuctr.com/ ) (Hong Kong, 2013).
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Gholizadeh M, Saeedy SAG, Roodi PB, Saedisomeolia A. The association between zinc and endothelial adhesion molecules ICAMs and VCAM-1 and nuclear receptors PPAR-ɑ and PPAR-γ: A systematic review on cell culture, animal and human studies. Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104217. [PMID: 34197877 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular health is strongly influenced by diet. The levels of inflammatory factors like ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are high in patients with atherosclerosis or predisposing factor for heart disease. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions are attributed to zinc. We systematically reviewed cell culture, human or animal studies for determining the relationship between zinc status and ICAMs or VCAM-1 levels. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from database inception till 30th August 2020 were systematically searched to obtain any possible article for inclusion. RESULTS After screening and removing unrelated or duplicate articles by the title and abstract by two independent reviewers, 15 articles were included. Results indicating an inverse relationship between zinc status with ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 levels and the development of endothelial inflammation, plaque formation, or atherosclerosis. A direct relationship between zinc status and PPAR-α or γ levels was also observed. Zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc nanoparticles, or ions can cause endothelial activation and increased levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. CONCLUSION Normal function of the endothelium is linked with zinc level. Zinc deficiency causes atherosclerosis, most probably via increased production of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1; and decreased expression of PPAR-ɑ and PPAR-γ receptors. Contrarily, endothelial activation and increased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels can be caused by ZnO, zinc nanoparticles, or zinc ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Gholizadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Poorya Basafay Roodi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Noroozi A, Kebriaeezadeh A, Mirrahimi B, Armoon B, Ahounbar E, Narenjiha H, Salehi M, Karamouzian M. Opium tincture-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder: A systematic review. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 129:108519. [PMID: 34119894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some countries have used opioid agonist medications other than methadone and buprenorphine as a strategy to increase treatment diversity. In Iran and other countries where opium use is common and culturally tolerated, opium tincture (OT) has gained growing popularity and been approved to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). Given the increasing interest in this intervention, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the safety and efficacy of OT-assisted treatment for OUD. METHODS We systematically searched international (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Google Scholar, and clinicaltrials.gov) and Iranian (Scientific Information Database (SID), Iranmedex, IranDoc, digital library of Iran's Drug Control Headquarters and the Iranian Registry for Clinical Trials) databases on November 04, 2020 without any language or publication date limitations. Two reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and full-text of the retrieved records to find clinical trials or observational studies that assessed the safety and efficacy of OT-assisted treatment for OUD. RESULTS We screened 1301 records and included 21 unique studies on assisted withdrawal (n = 5), maintenance (n = 9), and gradual dose reduction (n = 7) treatment regimens. Most studies included men and people with opium use disorder. We found only six randomized controlled trials (RCT). Our results showed that OT-assisted treatment is associated with comparable outcomes with methadone treatment in both assisted withdrawal and maintenance treatment regimens. We also found promising results for using gradual dose reduction regimen of OT-assisted treatment from observational studies. The overall quality of scientific evidence was low due to the limited number RCT and high risk of bias in the included studies. CONCLUSIONS The body of evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of OT-assisted treatment in assisted withdrawal, maintenance, and gradual dose reduction regimens is limited but somewhat promising, in particular among people with opium use disorder. Our review calls for higher-quality studies to investigate the comparative efficacy of these treatment methods with standard pharmacotherapies for OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Noroozi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Kebriaeezadeh
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pharmaceutical Management and Economics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Mirrahimi
- Pharmaceutical Management and Economics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Armoon
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elaheh Ahounbar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Narenjiha
- Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karamouzian
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Wu Z, Li M, Zhu F, Lei L, Cheng R, Hu T. The effects of oral health education regarding periodontal health on non-dental undergraduates in southwestern China-exploring the feasibility of an e-learning course for oral health promotion. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:119. [PMID: 33726713 PMCID: PMC7962077 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The high prevalence of periodontal diseases is an important oral health problem worldwide. It is necessary to increase public knowledge on and influence attitudes towards periodontal diseases in order to prevent them. However, the effect of oral health education (OHE) as a primary preventive method in China is unsatisfactory. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of extending an e-learning course regarding periodontal health by comparing the effects of oral health education regarding periodontal health (OHE-PH) on dental and non-dental students and the effects between a traditional course and an e-learning course among non-dental students at Sichuan University. Methods A quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and a post-test was performed. A total of 217 dental students and 134 non-dental students attended a traditional course; 69 non-dental students attended an e-learning course. Before- and after-course questionnaires about periodontal health knowledge, attitudes and behaviours were administered. Results After the traditional/e-learning course, the knowledge of both dental and non-dental students about periodontal diseases and self-reported behaviours for gingival bleeding and oral care improved. The non-dental students reached or surpassed the level of dental students before the course. The non-dental students taking the e-learning course performed better in some areas than those taking the traditional course. Conclusions OHE-PH was effective for dental and non-dental students. The e-learning course on OHE-PH was sufficient for improving knowledge and self-reported behaviours among non-dental undergraduates and was even better than the traditional course in some areas. The e-learning course may be an effective method for periodontal health education and oral health promotion among undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Wu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingming Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangzhi Zhu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Lopez N, Quick K, Sager J. Rural schoolteachers' knowledge about oral health and perceived roles in oral health education. J Public Health Dent 2020; 82:148-155. [PMID: 33370844 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore schoolteachers' knowledge about oral health, their perception of their role as oral health educators, and their preparedness to teach oral health in rural public schools. METHODS We conducted a survey of 119 schoolteachers in four public elementary and middle schools in rural Minnesota during spring semester of 2019. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the data. RESULTS Sixty percent of 119 teachers participated. Schoolteachers have knowledge about basic oral health hygiene but have limited awareness about fluoride and periodontal disease. Correct agreements to the fluoride statements ranged from 23 percent to 87 percent and 23 percent to 70 percent agreed correctly to statements about periodontal disease. They prefer passive roles in oral health education. There was a high rate of agreement (51-83 percent) to integrate oral health topics with subjects taught in classrooms. CONCLUSIONS Schoolteachers see themselves as integrating oral health topics in the subjects they currently teach but will need further training to augment their limited knowledge of oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naty Lopez
- Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Primary Dental Care, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karin Quick
- Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Primary Dental Care, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joanna Sager
- Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Primary Dental Care, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Weik U, Cordes O, Weber J, Krämer N, Pieper K, Margraf-Stiksrud J, Deinzer R. Toothbrushing Performance and Oral Cleanliness after Brushing in 12-Year-Old Children. JDR Clin Trans Res 2020; 7:71-79. [PMID: 33251929 PMCID: PMC8674791 DOI: 10.1177/2380084420975333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Nationwide prevention programs in Germany aim to promote oral health. The group prevention program starts in kindergarten and ends when the children are about 12 y old. While in a recent study, toothbrushing behavior of 12-y-old children was analyzed, the present study’s objective was to examine the children’s ability to achieve oral cleanliness and to analyze how toothbrushing behavior and compliance with the toothbrushing recommendations taught in the group prevention programs predict oral cleanliness. Methods: Twelve-year-old randomly selected children (N = 174) were asked to brush their teeth to the best of their abilities, and simultaneously a video was recorded for behavioral analyses. Plaque levels were measured before and immediately after toothbrushing. In addition, dental status and gingival bleeding were assessed. Results: After brushing to the best of their abilities, there was plaque on 50% (±24.72%) of all measured sites at the gingival margin (Marginal Plaque Index). Regression analyses revealed approximately 22% of the variance of marginal plaque on the outer surfaces to be explained by the time brushed by circular movements (β = −0.41;P < 0.001) and the number of sextants brushed for at least 7.5 s (β = −0.171; P < 0.05). Circular movements explained most additional variance (ΔR2 = 0.113; P < 0.001). With respect to inner surfaces, none of the behavioral aspects explained any variance of oral cleanliness. Conclusion: Despite regular group prevention measures, 12-y-old children show limited skills to clean their teeth adequately. Furthermore, none of the recommended behaviors relates to oral cleanliness after toothbrushing at inner surfaces. As a consequence, it is necessary to explore further which behavioral sequences effectively improve oral cleanliness. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study illustrates that children’s compliance to toothbrushing recommendations is not necessarily related to toothbrushing effectiveness. Clinicians should therefore assess the effectivity of recommendations individually and provide individual guidance for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Weik
- Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - O Cordes
- Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - J Weber
- Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - N Krämer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - K Pieper
- Department of Pediatric and Community Dentistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - J Margraf-Stiksrud
- Department of Psychology; Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - R Deinzer
- Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Li M, Wu Z, Zhang R, Lei L, Ye S, Cheng R, Hu T. Comparison of oral health behaviour between dental and non-dental undergraduates in a university in southwestern China--exploring the future priority for oral health education. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:249. [PMID: 32894119 PMCID: PMC7487576 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Based on a national survey in 2015, people’s oral health behaviour (OHB) has not kept up with the pace of knowledge and attitudes in China after decades of oral health education (OHE). Thus, we need to improve OHE to strengthen people’s OHB. Undergraduates are regarded as the best candidates for the improvement of OHE. The objective of this study is to determine undergraduates’ oral health status and existing problems in OHB by comparing dental and non-dental students at Sichuan University. We hope to provide some suggestions for future OHE to improve people’s OHB. Methods A quasi-experimental study designed with a pre-test and post-test group was conducted. A total of 217 dental students and 135 non-dental students were enrolled. They were administered an OHE course focused on OHB. A survey about oral health behaviour and knowledge was conducted before and after the course. Results According to the pre-course survey, dental students surpassed non-dental students in terms of toothbrushing frequency, method, and time, but unfortunately, flossing was overlooked by all the students. After the course, both dental and non-dental students showed strong willingness to improve their OHB. More non-dental students than dental students were willing to use toothpicks and Chinese herbal toothpaste before and after the course. Conclusions OHE focused on behaviour has a positive effect on university students. Future OHE and interventions should focus on flossing, toothbrushing methods, toothpicks, Chinese herbal toothpaste and modifications to adopt new media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiwu Wu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siqi Ye
- West China school of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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25
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Jönsson B, Abrahamsson KH. Overcoming behavioral obstacles to prevent periodontal disease: Behavioral change techniques and self‐performed periodontal infection control. Periodontol 2000 2020; 84:134-144. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Jönsson
- Department of Periodontology Institute of Odontology The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway (TkNN) Tromsø Norway
| | - Kajsa H. Abrahamsson
- Department of Periodontology Institute of Odontology The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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Xiang B, Wong HM, Perfecto AP, McGrath CPJ. The application of theory-guided oral health interventions in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychol Health 2020; 36:879-894. [PMID: 32755399 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1801679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore theory-guided randomized controlled trials aimed at improving adolescents' oral health and evaluate their effectiveness. DESIGN Multiple library databases with search criteria for articles between 1990 and 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Searched references were coded and screened for theory-guided interventions for adolescent oral health. Characteristics of each study (study sample, adopted theory, outcome measures, length of follow-up and main findings) were extracted and the quality of the eligible trials assessed. Effect sizes for theory-guided interventions for different follow-up periods were analysed and compared with traditional oral health education. RESULTS About 2135 results were uncovered, 64 were extracted for further screening, and 10 studies were eligible for inclusion. For plaque presence outcomes, no statistical difference was observed between theory-guided interventions and traditional interventions at 3 months (MD: -5.94, 95% CI: -16.39 to 4.51). When the duration of observation was extended to over one year, a significant reduction was found (SMD: -0.25, 95% CI: -0.46 to -0.04). CONCLUSION Theory-guided interventions for improving oral hygiene status appear to be more effective than traditional interventions for adolescents in the long term. However, more comprehensive studies are required for validation to support the implementation and adoption of these programs in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilu Xiang
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hai Ming Wong
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Antonio P Perfecto
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman P J McGrath
- Department of Dental Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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27
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Scouting for dental education. Br Dent J 2020; 229:82-83. [PMID: 32710045 PMCID: PMC7380137 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lumsden C, Andrews H, Leu CS, Edelstein B. Changes in knowledge and beliefs of community health workers following an oral health intervention training program. J Prev Interv Community 2020; 47:54-65. [PMID: 30806193 DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2018.1547309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Greater acknowledgement of the ways in which social determinants influence health has led to increased engagement of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in health promotion activities. This study sought to evaluate changes in CHW knowledge and beliefs via pre-/post-training surveys immediately following a four-day (∼20 hour) oral health intervention training and to gather CHW feedback on training. Significant increases in summary scores for 19 knowledge (t(9) = -6.715, p < .001) and four belief (t(9) = -2.994, p = .015) measures, using four-point Likert scales, were observed post-training. Feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with the majority of CHWs reporting confidence in understanding the material and study purpose. Findings support the effectiveness and acceptability of a brief training program to prepare CHWs to deliver an oral health intervention. CHWs hold promise to effectively engage populations in which the impact of interventions delivered by traditional oral healthcare team members has shown limited success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie Lumsden
- a Section of Population Oral Health , Columbia University College of Dental Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - Howard Andrews
- b Department of Neurobiology (in Psychiatry and in Biostatistics), Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Cheng-Shiun Leu
- c Department of Biostatistics (in Psychiatry) , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Burton Edelstein
- d Section of Population Oral Health , Columbia University College of Dental Medicine , New York , NY , USA
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Al Rawahi SH, Asimakopoulou K, Masood M, Al Bulushi NM, Al Yaqoobi KH, Newton JT. The Psychological Models of Health-related Behavior in Understanding Sugars Intake in Adults: A Review. Oman Med J 2020; 35:e114. [PMID: 32308991 PMCID: PMC7151060 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2020.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Free sugars intake plays a major role in dental caries formation and other general health issues such as obesity. Therefore, interventions, which assist individuals or populations in the control of their free sugars intake, are of central importance in caries prevention strategies. There is good evidence that behavioral interventions benefit from a foundation in conceptual theories of behavior change founded on empirical data. In this review, we discuss the future application of seven theories, including six common psychological theories in predicting and developing interventions to reduce free sugars intake related to dental caries among adults. For each model, we summarize its key features and the data derived from its application in general and oral health settings and make recommendations for future research. We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health, PubMed, and Embase databases to identify items dealing with dental caries, adults, sugars intake, and six psychological theories. These included the Transtheoretical Model of Change, Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, PRIME Theory, and Behavior Change Wheel theories. We searched literature published in the last 10 years, and priority was given to systematic reviews and randomized control trials. Although there is extensive literature on the application of the six psychological theories, there is a gap in knowledge about their effectiveness in reducing free sugars intake related to dental caries among adults. There is a need for better-designed trials of interventions based on the clear operationalization of psychological constructs to reduce sugars intake among the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koula Asimakopoulou
- Department of Population and Patient Health, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mohd Masood
- Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Jonathon Timothy Newton
- Department of Population and Patient Health, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
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Zahid T, Alyafi R, Bantan N, Alzahrani R, Elfirt E. Comparison of Effectiveness of Mobile App versus Conventional Educational Lectures on Oral Hygiene Knowledge and Behavior of High School Students in Saudi Arabia. Patient Prefer Adherence 2020; 14:1901-1909. [PMID: 33116434 PMCID: PMC7569061 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s270215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two different oral health education approaches, a mobile application (the Brush DJ app) and conventional educational lectures, on the oral hygiene knowledge and behavior of high school children. METHODS The research was a cross-sectional study of 271 students from two public schools in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. An eighteen-item questionnaire was used for this purpose. Those who completed the baseline questionnaire were allocated to one of two groups: (1) mobile application and (2) educational lecture. A follow-up survey was later conducted at three months, which repeated eight of the eighteen questions asked in the baseline survey. The change in oral hygiene attitude and behaviors was compared across both groups. RESULTS The Brush DJ app was found to be equally effective compared to educational lectures in changing oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior. Both groups showed significant improvements in almost all aspects of oral health, except for the frequency and duration of tooth brushing in the app group. There was no change in twice daily tooth brushing of app users, and less than 40% reported brushing their teeth for 2 minutes. A statistically significant change, however, was noted among lecture group participants in these two areas of oral hygiene routine. The app was also found to be more difficult in usability than educational lectures (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION The Brush DJ app may be a valuable tool to improve oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior. However, the app needs some improvements. The content and features of the app need to be structured in a way that it allows for personalization and is more interactive, practical and user-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Zahid
- Department of Periodontology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Talal Zahid Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaFax +966126403316 Email
| | - Rusha Alyafi
- Department of Periodontology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Bantan
- Department of Periodontology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Alzahrani
- Department of Periodontology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Elfirt
- Department of Periodontology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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de Jong-Lenters M, L'Hoir M, Polak E, Duijster D. Promoting parenting strategies to improve tooth brushing in children: design of a non-randomised cluster-controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:210. [PMID: 31492121 PMCID: PMC6731582 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste is a key recommendation in evidence-based guidelines for caries prevention. Parents generally have sufficient knowledge to practice tooth brushing for their child, yet many experience barriers to actually implement the behaviour. Common barriers are associated with difficult child behaviour, stress, poor family organisation and management of routines. These underlying determinants of tooth brushing behaviour should be addressed in caries-preventive interventions. The ‘Uitblinkers’ intervention is a semi-structured interview method developed for oral healthcare professionals (OHPs), with the aim to improve the practice of twice daily tooth brushing in children. The interview method focusses on 1) identifying parents’ barriers to tooth brushing, and 2) promoting parenting strategies (related to tooth brushing) to tackle the identified barriers. The intervention applies principles from learning theory, including stimulus control, operant conditioning and authoritative parenting. This paper describes a study protocol to evaluate the effect of the intervention. Methods This non-randomised cluster-controlled trial will be conducted in 40 general dental practices in The Netherlands. Intervention practices will implement the intervention in addition to care as usual, while control practices will only provide care as usual. From each dental practice, a random sample of 3 to 4-year-old children will be recruited. The intervention consists of three sessions between an OHP and parent, in which parenting strategies for identified barriers are discussed. The primary study outcome is children’s dental caries experience after 24 months. Secondary outcomes include parents’ self-efficacy in brushing their children’s teeth, tooth brushing frequency in children and children’s dental plaque scores. Differences in outcomes between the intervention and control group will be assessed using logistic and negative binomial regression. The feasibility of the intervention will be assessed through process evaluation. Discussion Findings of this study will ascertain whether promoting parenting strategies is a successful method to improve tooth brushing in children and to prevent childhood dental caries in a clinical dental setting. Trial registration This trial is registered with the Netherlands National Trial Register (registration date: 7 September 2018; trial registration number: NTR7469). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-019-0902-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddelon de Jong-Lenters
- Department of Cariology Endodontology Pedodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Uitblinkers referral pediatric dental practice, Diamantlaan 174a, 2332GR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique L'Hoir
- Wageningen University, devision of Human Nutrition and Health Helix, Stippeneng 4, Building 124, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,GGD North & East Gelderland, Rijksstraatweg 65, 7231 AC, Warnsveld, The Netherlands
| | - Erica Polak
- Uitblinkers referral pediatric dental practice, Diamantlaan 174a, 2332GR, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Opvoedpoli Amsterdam Noord, Rode Kruisstraat 32, 1025KN, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Duijster
- Department of Social Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Calderón Larrañaga S, Expósito Ruiz M, Cruz Vela P, Cuadrado Conde A, Alquézar Villarroya L, Garach Gómez A, Ruiz Hernández A, Toral López I. [Primary Care and oral health promotion: Assessment of an educational intervention in school children]. Aten Primaria 2019; 51:416-423. [PMID: 30316564 PMCID: PMC6839536 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Evaluar a corto y medio plazo la efectividad de una intervención de promoción de la salud bucodental impulsada desde Atención Primaria. Diseño Ensayo comunitario de intervención no aleatorizado. Emplazamiento Tres centros educativos de características sociodemográficas similares de un barrio empobrecido de Granada. Participantes Participaron en el estudio 82 alumnos de entre 5 y 6 años del colegio intervención (CI) y 109 de los colegios control (CC), así como los profesores y padres/madres de los alumnos del CI. Intervención Actividades escolares de promoción de la salud bucodental dirigidas a los alumnos, y reuniones periódicas con los profesores y padres/madres del CI durante 2 cursos consecutivos. Mediciones principales Conocimientos sobre salud bucodental y hábitos higiénico-dietéticos de los alumnos, valorados mediante cuestionarios distribuidos antes de la intervención y transcurridos 6 y 18 meses. Resultados Transcurridos 18 meses, los conocimientos adquiridos fueron significativamente superiores en el CI (OR 3,54; IC 95% 1,46-8,58) en comparación con los CC. El consumo de alimentos saludables aumentó significativamente en el desayuno (OR 2,95; IC 95% 1,26-6,89) y la merienda (OR 3,67; IC 95% 1,49-9,05) y disminuyó el consumo de bollería (OR 4,05; IC 95% 1,68-9,81) y refrescos azucarados (OR 3,79; IC 95% 1,57-9,12) respecto a los CC. No se observaron mejoras en relación con la higiene bucodental en el CI. Conclusiones Las intervenciones escolares de educación sanitaria, desarrolladas de forma intersectorial, participativa y considerando los contextos socioeconómicos particulares, resultan eficaces en la mejora del conocimiento y los hábitos dietéticos de los alumnos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Expósito Ruiz
- Fundación para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental (FIBAO), Granada, España
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Deinzer R, Cordes O, Weber J, Hassebrauck L, Weik U, Krämer N, Pieper K, Margraf-Stiksrud J. Toothbrushing behavior in children - an observational study of toothbrushing performance in 12 year olds. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:68. [PMID: 31035974 PMCID: PMC6489256 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many countries offer systematic group prevention programs in kindergarten and school in order to promote children’s oral health. Little is known, however, about the actual toothbrushing abilities of children when group prevention programs end. Methods In Germany, all children take advantage from a nationwide group prevention program (called “Gruppenprophylaxe”) lasting from kindergarten up to sixth grade (12 years of age). Standardized recommendations are given concerning brushing systematics and brushing movements. N = 174 children at the age of 12 were thus randomly selected from two German towns and were asked to perform toothbrushing to the best of their abilities in front of a mirror which also served as a camera. Brushing behavior was analyzed by video analysis. Results Children brushed their teeth for an average of 200 s ± 80.48 s (mean ± SD). Still, more than 55% missed at least one sextant when brushing inner surfaces, 16% missed them all. Only 7.5% of the children brushed both inner and outer surfaces by the intended movements (vertical movements on the inner surfaces and circular movements on the outer surfaces) for at least 90% of the respective brushing time. Instead, horizontal brushing was very common on the lateral surfaces. Conclusions The present analysis indicates that children have low efficiency to adopt the tooth-brushing recommendations given in prevention programs. This is surprising as great endeavors are made to help children internalize the recommendations. Future research is needed to better understand which factors impede adoption of toothbrushing recommendations in children and which efforts are necessary to improve their toothbrushing abilities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-019-0755-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Deinzer
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, D-35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Cordes
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia Weber
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lisa Hassebrauck
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Weik
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Krämer
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Department of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstr. 29, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Pieper
- Department of Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Straße 3, D-35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Margraf-Stiksrud
- Department of Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
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Sanaei Nasab H, Yazdanian M, Mokhayeri Y, Latifi M, Niksadat N, Harooni J, Armoon B. The role of psychological theories in oral health interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2019; 17:142-152. [PMID: 30702796 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we attempted to assess how psychological theories (health belief model [HBM], theory of planned behaviour [TPB], social cognitive theory [SCT], clinical theories [CT] and other theories [OT]) influence oral health interventions. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Knowledge databases from 2000 to 2017 were searched. We defined psychological theories based on five subgroups: (A) HBM, (B) TPB, (C) SCT, (E) CT and (F) OT. RESULTS From the 156 identified studies, 19 studies based on PICO were included. Our findings indicated that the standardized mean difference (SMD) of HBM was 0.37 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.51), which was statistically significant in improving oral health. The SMD of SCT was not significant (0.05 [95% CI: -0.33, 0.44]) in improving oral health. The SMD of TPB was significant (1.66 [95% CI: 1.06, 2.27]) in improving oral health. The SMD of CT (-4.6 [95% CI: -6.49, -2.71]) and OT (2.93 [95% CI: 1.55, 4.32]) revealed significant differences in improving oral health. CONCLUSION The current meta-analysis showed that in general, psychological interventions that used OT, CT, HBM and TPB were effective in enhancing oral health status, and interventions that used SCT did not have an effect on improving oral health status. Oral health care providers who work with patients to take methods and improve behaviours that are related to appropriate oral health need to comprehend their applicability and strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hormoz Sanaei Nasab
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Mokhayeri
- School of Public Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Latifi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Niksadat
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Harooni
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Bahram Armoon
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
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Abedi N. Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of educational interventions on dental and oral health promotion in Iran. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2019; 8:29. [PMID: 30993122 PMCID: PMC6432819 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_305_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental and oral health is a core component of general health and well-being. Few aspects of health are as accessible to personal control as oral hygiene which can be improved by simple behavioral changes. In recent years, dentists in the field of oral and dental health improvement have been research doing for measurement of validity and efficiency of available educational interventions. In this regard, meta-analysis integrates the results of different studies then determines the effect size of educational interventions. This study seeks to investigate the effective educational interventions on improving oral and dental health improvement in Iran by following the meta-analysis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present research was a meta-analysis study. This research by using the technique of meta-analysis to integrate the results of different studies, to determine the effect size of an educational intervention on improving oral and dental health improvement in Iran. Seventeen studies accepted in methodology were collected in Iran during 2001-2018, and analyzed through meta-analysis. The research tool was meta-analysis checklist. Effect size for each study was manually calculated. RESULTS The study findings showed that the rate of the effect size of educational intervention on Improving Oral and Dental Health Improvement in Iran was 0.62 (P ≤ 0.008) which according to Cohen's table was intermediate. CONCLUSION Findings of this meta-analysis support of the effectiveness of educational interventions on improving oral and dental health improvement in Iran. It seems that the educational interventions on improving dental and oral health can be used as a method for improving oral and dental health in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Abedi
- Department of Dental, Isfahan Medical Science University, Isfahan, Iran
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Ávila-Curiel BX, Solórzano-Mata CJ, Avendaño-Martínez JA, Luna-Vásquez B, Torres-Rosas R. Playful Educational Intervention for Improvement of Oral Health in Children with Hearing Impairment. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12:491-493. [PMID: 32440061 PMCID: PMC7229376 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental care to vulnerable population is a pending issue in health policies due to the lack of appropriate and specialized strategies. Children with sensory deficits represent a challenge to professionals in prevention of oral diseases fundamentally due to communication problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz X Ávila-Curiel
- Department of Odontology, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Carlos J Solórzano-Mata
- Department of Odontology, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - José A Avendaño-Martínez
- Department of Odontology, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico; Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Briceida Luna-Vásquez
- Department of Odontology, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Rafael Torres-Rosas
- Department of Odontology, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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Eden E, Akyildiz M, Sönmez I. Comparison of Two School-Based Oral Health Education Programs in 9-Year-Old Children. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2018; 39:189-196. [PMID: 30577724 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x18819980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of two school-based oral health education (OHE) programs on the oral health knowledge and behavior and oral hygiene of 9-year-old children in Turkey. The study included 1,053 school children aged 9 years in Aydin, Turkey. This study was a prospective, two-arm, and parallel-group clinical trial between two different OHE programs. The dentist group received one lecture on OHE given by dentists in the classroom. The teacher group had a similar lecture given by school teachers, including supporting materials which were available throughout the academic year. Oral health knowledge and behavior were evaluated with a questionnaire at baseline, and then at 1 and 6 months. In total, 110 students were randomly selected to undergo a plaque accumulation assessment according to the Silness-Löe Index at baseline and 1 month later to determine the effects of the education programs on oral hygiene. At baseline, tooth-brushing frequency was similar in the study groups. Compared with baseline, the frequency of brushing increased significantly after 1 and 6 months in both groups ( p < .001). Teacher education was more effective for teaching correct brushing techniques ( p < .001). A significant decrease in plaque accumulation has been evaluated in both study groups at the 1-month examination after the education session ( p < .05). Both OHE programs were found to generate improvements in knowledge and behavior of children on oral health and plaque control in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Eden
- 1 Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Melis Akyildiz
- 2 Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Efeler, Turkey
| | - Işıl Sönmez
- 2 Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Efeler, Turkey
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Evaluation of a new method of oral health education in children with cleft lip and palate. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2018; 19:267-271. [PMID: 29995181 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-018-0355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of an oral health educational programme in children with cleft lip and palate. METHODS The sample comprised 38 children with cleft lip and palate: Group 1-dental prophylaxis; Group 2-education and motivation instructions in oral health and plaque control. Children were evaluated during six appointments, at 30-day intervals. The Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index was used to assess plaque control. To evaluate the knowledge on oral health a questionnaire was used. Baseline and 6-month PHP scores were compared through Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. The questionnaire scores were analysed through t test and paired-t test. RESULTS Baseline PHP indexes between Groups exhibited no statistically significant differences, while the 6-month PHP indices between Groups showed statistically differences (p < 0.001). Group 2 showed statistically significant differences between baseline and 6-month PHP index (p < 0.001). The comparison of Groups questionnaire scores showed no statistically significant differences neither at baseline nor after 6 months. In Group 1, the level of knowledge between baseline and 6-month periods did not show statistically differences, while Group 2 did. CONCLUSIONS The oral health educational programme improved the plaque control of children with cleft lip and palate.
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Thwin KM, Zaitsu T, Ueno M, Kawaguchi Y. Effects of oral health education in Myanmar preschool children and guardians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:e12346. [PMID: 29873195 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of oral health education on preschool children's oral health status and habits, and their guardian's oral health knowledge. METHODS A 1-year interventional study was conducted for 201 preschool children from January 2016 to January 2017. A questionnaire survey and clinical oral examination were performed at baseline and at 1-year follow up. A 30-min oral health education session was given to children and their teachers and guardians separately by a dentist every 6 months. The impact of health education was evaluated by assessing the changes in guardians' questionnaires and children's oral health status during the 1-year period. RESULTS The mean oral health knowledge scores of guardians significantly increased from 8.0 ± 2.0 at baseline to 9.0 ± 2.5 at 1-year follow up (P < .001). Most oral health habits, except drinking water after eating, significantly improved at 1-year follow up. Significant decreases in debris score (P = .008) and gingival score (P < .001) were found. CONCLUSION Comprehensive oral health education was shown to improve guardians' knowledge of oral hygiene, and oral health habits and status of their children. It is necessary to adopt a comprehensive oral health-promotion program involving oral health-care professionals, parents, and teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaung Myat Thwin
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Zaitsu
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ueno
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Kawaguchi
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Menegaz AM, Silva AER, Cascaes AM. Educational interventions in health services and oral health: systematic review. Rev Saude Publica 2018; 52:52. [PMID: 29791531 PMCID: PMC5953546 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effectiveness of educational interventions performed in health services in the improvement of clinical behaviors and outcomes in oral health. METHODS We have carried out a systematic review of the literature searching the PubMed, Lilacs, and SciELO databases. We have included studies that have investigated interventions performed by health professionals working in health services and who have used educational actions as main approach to improve behavioral and clinical outcomes in oral health. RESULTS The search amounted to 832 articles and 14 of them met all the inclusion criteria. Five studies have only exclusively evaluated the effectiveness of interventions on caries reduction, three have exceptionally evaluated oral health behaviors, and the other articles have evaluated the effectiveness of interventions for both clinical outcomes (dental caries and periodontal conditions) and behaviors in oral health. Most of the studies (n = 9) were based on randomized controlled trials; the other ones have evaluated before and after the intervention. Five studies have reported a significant reduction of dental caries, and five of the six studies evaluating behavioral outcomes have found some positive change. CONCLUSIONS Most studies evaluating behavioral and periodontal outcomes have shown significant improvements in favor of interventions. All studies evaluating caries have shown a reduction in new lesions or cases of the disease in the groups receiving the interventions, although only five of the eleven articles have found a statistically significant difference. Educational interventions carried out by health professionals in the context of their practice have the potential to promote oral health in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryane Marques Menegaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Emídio Ribeiro Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Andreia Morales Cascaes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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Halawany HS, Al Badr A, Al Sadhan S, Al Balkhi M, Al-Maflehi N, Abraham NB, Jacob V, Al Sherif G. Effectiveness of oral health education intervention among female primary school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dent J 2018; 30:190-196. [PMID: 29942102 PMCID: PMC6011217 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of oral health intervention on the improvement in knowledge and self-reported oral health behavior among 6–8 year old female primary school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods The sample consisted of 1661 girls in primary schools who are 6 to 8-year-olds (first, second and third graders). The children’s level of knowledge was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire that was formulated for this specific age and divided into two parts; oral health knowledge and self-reported oral health behavior. There were seven multiple choice questions and one true/false question with five underlying parts in the questionnaire which contained basic information about oral health knowledge, oral hygiene practices and certain habits that affect teeth. The questionnaires were distributed before and six weeks after implementation of the oral health educational program to measure the level improvement of knowledge regarding oral health among these children. Results All the questions showed statistically significant improvement in knowledge and self-reported behavior in the post intervention group. There was a significant increase in the level of knowledge by 11.24% and level of self-reported behavior by 25% after intervention (P < 0.001). The highest net change in the knowledge due to intervention was noted among third graders (13.3%), whereas for self-reported oral health behavior, it was noted among first graders (28.3%). Conclusion The results of this study showed that an easy-to-organize and inexpensive school-based intervention can, on a short-term basis, be effective in improving the knowledge and self-reported oral health behavior of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Suliman Halawany
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abid Al Badr
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Al Sadhan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashaiel Al Balkhi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassr Al-Maflehi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nimmi Biju Abraham
- Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vimal Jacob
- Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehan Al Sherif
- Dental Caries Research Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Pabel SO, Freitag F, Hrasky V, Zapf A, Wiegand A. Randomised controlled trial on differential learning of toothbrushing in 6- to 9-year-old children. Clin Oral Investig 2018. [PMID: 29524028 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effect of differential learning of toothbrushing compared to habitual toothbrushing and instruction/demonstration of toothbrushing on plaque reduction and gingival inflammation of primary school children. METHODS Children (6-9 years) were subjected to a toothbrushing training consisting of 15 days (3 × 5 days, interval 2 days, 3 min/day) and randomly assigned to one of three groups (each n = 18): habitual toothbrushing/control, instruction/demonstration of toothbrushing, differential learning of toothbrushing. The differential learning approach comprised 15 different movement exercises (1/day), while instruction/demonstration of toothbrushing was based on repetitive practice of toothbrushing. Plaque (Turesky-modified Quigley-Hein plaque index (T-QHI)) and papilla bleeding (papilla bleeding index (PBI)) scores were assessed prior to the first toothbrushing (t0, baseline) and 21 (t1), 42 (t2) and 63 (t3) days after beginning of the study. Primary statistical analyses were performed with cumulative logit regression models with repeated measures. The global significance level was set to 5% two-sided. RESULTS At all time points, PBI and T-QHI were significantly reduced by differential learning compared to instruction/demonstration of toothbrushing and habitual toothbrushing. Compared to baseline, differential learning improved PBI and T-QHI significantly at all time points. In the other groups, no significant reduction of PBI compared to baseline was observed. T-QHI was significantly reduced by habitual toothbrushing only at t1 and by instruction/demonstration of toothbrushing at t1 and t2. Differential learning had an improved effect on posterior compared to anterior teeth. CONCLUSION Differential learning of toothbrushing improved plaque reduction and reduced gingival inflammation compared to habitual toothbrushing and instruction/demonstration of toothbrushing in 6- to 9-year-old children in mixed dentition. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Toothbrushing skills of children might be improved by differential learning. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN14951343, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14951343?
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven-Olav Pabel
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Freitag
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Valentina Hrasky
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonia Zapf
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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Wu L, Gao X, Lo ECM, Ho SMY, McGrath C, Wong MCM. Motivational Interviewing to Promote Oral Health in Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2017; 61:378-384. [PMID: 28532895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Motivational interviewing (MI) is a counseling strategy to help people change their behaviors. This single-blinded randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of MI in improving adolescents' oral health. METHODS Fifteen secondary schools were randomly assigned to three groups: (I) prevailing health education, (II) MI, and (III) MI coupled with interactive dental caries risk assessment (MI + RA). Adolescents (n = 512) with unfavorable oral health behaviors (infrequent toothbrushing and/or frequent snacking) were recruited; 161, 163, and 188 in groups I-III, respectively. Participants in the three groups received their respective interventions. At baseline and after 6 and 12 months, participants completed a questionnaire on their oral health self-efficacy and behaviors. Their oral hygiene (dental plaque score) and dental caries (number of decayed surfaces/teeth status) were recorded. RESULTS Compared with group I, subjects in groups II and III were more likely to reduce their snacking frequency (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals {CIs}]: 7.12 [1.80-28.16] and 11.17 [2.90-42.98], respectively) and increase their toothbrushing frequency (odds ratios [95% CIs]: 5.26 [2.28-12.16] and 11.45 [4.99-26.26], respectively) after 12 months. Taking group I as a reference, groups II and III had lower number of new carious teeth △D ICDAS II 1-6MFT (β [95% CI]: -.24 [-.44 to -.04] and -.31 [-.51 to -.11], respectively). CONCLUSIONS MI was more effective than prevailing health education strategy in eliciting positive changes in adolescents' oral health behaviors and preventing dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Wu
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Edward C M Lo
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel M Y Ho
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Colman McGrath
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - May C M Wong
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ghaffari M, Rakhshanderou S, Ramezankhani A, Noroozi M, Armoon B. Oral Health Education and Promotion Programmes: Meta-Analysis of 17-Year Intervention. Int J Dent Hyg 2017; 16:59-67. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Ghaffari
- Environmental & Occupational Hazards Control Research Center; School of Public Health; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - S Rakhshanderou
- Environmental & Occupational Hazards Control Research Center; School of Public Health; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - A Ramezankhani
- Department of Health Education; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - M Noroozi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center; University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - B Armoon
- School of Public Health; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Ghaffari M, Rakhshanderou S, Ramezankhani A, Buunk-Werkhoven Y, Noroozi M, Armoon B. Are educating and promoting interventions effective in oral health?: A systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 2017; 16:48-58. [PMID: 28834249 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is estimated that about 20%-25% of the world's population are suffering from periodontal diseases or severe gum diseases. This requires appropriate interventions. For the development of effective and evidence-based programmes tailored to the target group, the aim of this review was to survey to the effectiveness of oral health education and promotion interventions in the relevant groups of people. METHODS The electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science and Cochrane Library were searched for English language studies between 2010 and (January-December) 2016. To assess the quality of articles, the checklist was used that includes 19 items. Studies were selected based on PICOs criteria, and finally, 16 studies were entered in our study. RESULTS A total of 16 articles were selected, classified into two groups (A and B groups), so that group A with short-term effects includes improving knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, oral health behaviour (toothbrushing and flossing), theoretical constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and perceived behavioural control) which consists of 15 articles and group B with long-term effects includes improving decayed teeth, plaque, calculus and bleeding which consists of six articles. CONCLUSION Approximately, this study supports effectiveness of all oral health education and promotion interventions, especially in short-term outcomes. Regarding the importance of long-term and short-term outcomes for oral health education and promotion programmes, These interventions could be performed in the future with several target groups including family and teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghaffari
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Rakhshanderou
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Ramezankhani
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yab Buunk-Werkhoven
- SPOH ARTS, Amsterdam in collaboration with HEALTH group of the department of Social and Organizational Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Noroozi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Armoon
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Edelstein BL. Pediatric Dental-Focused Interprofessional Interventions: Rethinking Early Childhood Oral Health Management. Dent Clin North Am 2017; 61:589-606. [PMID: 28577639 PMCID: PMC5512453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence of effectiveness for prevention of early childhood caries suggests that parent engagement needs to occur perinatally and that unconventional providers, helping professionals like social workers and dietitians and lay health workers like community health workers, are most effective. This finding, coupled with the emergence of population-based accountable care, value-based purchasing with global payments, understanding of common risk factors for multiple conditions, and social determinants of health behaviors, calls for a rethinking of early childhood oral health care. A population-based model that incorporates unconventional providers is suggested together with research needed to achieve caries reductions in at-risk families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burton L Edelstein
- The Columbia University Medical Center, College of Dental Medicine, Section of Population Oral Health, 622 West 168th Street, PH7, Box 20, New York, NY 10032, USA; Children's Dental Health Project, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Dental caries remains one of the most common morbidities worldwide, with research focusing on the most prevalent cariogenic bacteria including Streptococcus, Actionmyces and Lactobacillus species. However, recent evidence has begun to reveal novel pathogens that may alter current understanding of caries risk, including the recently discovered Gram-positive bacillus Scardovia wiggsiae. STUDY DESIGN This prospective, cross-sectional study collected saliva from healthy adults and children for DNA isolation and PCR screening (n=149) in order to evaluate the prevalence of this potential oral pathogen. RESULTS This analysis revealed that although half of these samples harbored traditional pathogens (S. mutans), approximately one quarter also harbored detectable levels of Scardovia. Further analysis using semi-quantitative methods, however, suggested only a small percentage had elevated (high) microbial burden (5.4%). These data suggest that cariogenic microbial composition among some patients may differ significantly, with some patients harboring comparatively larger percentages of Scardovia within their oral microbial flora. CONCLUSIONS A complete understanding of the microbial interactions that facilitate or hinder the growth of Scardovia within the oral cavity remains largely unknown, suggesting the need for long-term studies to more fully elucidate demographic or health parameters, as well as the potential disease risk, associated with this organism.
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Memarpour M, Dadaein S, Fakhraei E, Vossoughi M. Comparison of Oral Health Education and Fluoride Varnish to Prevent Early Childhood Caries: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Caries Res 2016; 50:433-442. [DOI: 10.1159/000446877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries, a serious health problem among young children, can be prevented with effective intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral health education and a fluoride varnish in the prevention of caries in children under the age of 3 years. For this single-blind randomized parallel group 1-year clinical trial in Shiraz, 300 children aged 12-24 months with sound primary teeth were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n = 100): (1) control: no preventive intervention; (2) oral health counseling, and (3) oral health counseling and fluoride varnish at baseline and 6 months later. At baseline and 4, 8 and 12 months after the intervention, caries risk reduction was recorded as the primary outcome. The mothers' knowledge and performance regarding oral health in children was used as a secondary outcome. A total of 260 children (mean age: 20.49 ± 7.33 months) completed the study. Compared to group 1, caries risk reduction in group 2 was 28% (95% CI: -39.05 to -17.45) and 31% in group 3 (95% CI: -41.88 to -21.73). However, there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (95% CI: -8.58 to 1.47). In all groups, mothers' knowledge and performance at baseline were low; however, they increased significantly in follow-up appointments in groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). Oral health education increased mothers' knowledge and performance regarding oral health in children. Oral health counseling alone or associated with the use of fluoride varnish reduced the caries incidence in young children.
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Ghorbanizadeh F, Afshar M, Soleymani MR. Personal Hygiene Components in Iranian Children and Adolescent Magazines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/intjsh-33558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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