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Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Palacios-Ceña D. Special Issue "Post-COVID-19 Symptoms in Long-Haulers: Definition, Identification, Mechanisms, and Management". J Clin Med 2023; 12:6458. [PMID: 37892596 PMCID: PMC10607769 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a condition caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen, led to the most unprecedented disease outbreak of this century, provoking around 770 million confirmed cases and nearly 7 million deaths globally [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain;
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2
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Datta D, George Dalmida S, Martinez L, Newman D, Hashemi J, Khoshgoftaar TM, Shorten C, Sareli C, Eckardt P. Using machine learning to identify patient characteristics to predict mortality of in-patients with COVID-19 in south Florida. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:1193467. [PMID: 37588022 PMCID: PMC10426497 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1193467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has created substantial health and economic burdens in the US and worldwide. As new variants continuously emerge, predicting critical clinical events in the context of relevant individual risks is a promising option for reducing the overall burden of COVID-19. This study aims to train an AI-driven decision support system that helps build a model to understand the most important features that predict the "mortality" of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of "5,371" patients hospitalized for COVID-19-related symptoms from the South Florida Memorial Health Care System between March 14th, 2020, and January 16th, 2021. A data set comprising patients' sociodemographic characteristics, pre-existing health information, and medication was analyzed. We trained Random Forest classifier to predict "mortality" for patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Results Based on the interpretability of the model, age emerged as the primary predictor of "mortality", followed by diarrhea, diabetes, hypertension, BMI, early stages of kidney disease, smoking status, sex, pneumonia, and race in descending order of importance. Notably, individuals aged over 65 years (referred to as "older adults"), males, Whites, Hispanics, and current smokers were identified as being at higher risk of death. Additionally, BMI, specifically in the overweight and obese categories, significantly predicted "mortality". These findings indicated that the model effectively learned from various categories, such as patients' sociodemographic characteristics, pre-hospital comorbidities, and medications, with a predominant focus on characterizing pre-hospital comorbidities. Consequently, the model demonstrated the ability to predict "mortality" with transparency and reliability. Conclusion AI can potentially provide healthcare workers with the ability to stratify patients and streamline optimal care solutions when time is of the essence and resources are limited. This work sets the platform for future work that forecasts patient responses to treatments at various levels of disease severity and assesses health disparities and patient conditions that promote improved health care in a broader context. This study contributed to one of the first predictive analyses applying AI/ML techniques to COVID-19 data using a vast sample from South Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Datta
- Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Safiya George Dalmida
- Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Laurie Martinez
- Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - David Newman
- Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Javad Hashemi
- College of Engineering & Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Taghi M. Khoshgoftaar
- College of Engineering & Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Connor Shorten
- College of Engineering & Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Candice Sareli
- Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL, United States
| | - Paula Eckardt
- Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL, United States
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3
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Agodi A, Maugeri A, Favara G, Magnano San Lio R, Puglisi M, Sinatra D, Liberti G, Barchitta M. Gender differences in comorbidities of patients with COVID-19: An Italian local register-based analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18109. [PMID: 37483834 PMCID: PMC10362315 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current COVID-19 pandemic scenario, it is still necessary to understand if differences exist between genders in terms of patients' characteristics and clinical outcomes. For this reason, we retrospectively analyzed data obtained from a local register-based dataset of all SARS-CoV-2 positive patients diagnosed in the province of Catania (Italy). The main aim of this analysis was to understand any differences between genders in the distribution of previous medical conditions, and to evaluate which of them posed individuals at higher risk of death. With this purpose, we analyzed data from 1424 patients with at least one underlying medical condition, who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection from February 2020 to December 2021. Overall, males were 59.5% of the total population and significantly younger than females (median ages: 68 years vs. 72 years; p = 0.011). The age distribution of cases by gender confirms that individuals from 70 to 79 years were the most affected in both genders. The comparison of underlying comorbidities by gender shows significant differences for diabetes (p < 0.001), other metabolic diseases (p = 0.006), and obesity (p = 0.019). Accordingly, multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed that diabetes was more likely to be present in males than in females (p = 0.001), while other metabolic diseases and obesity were less likely to be present (p = 0.003 and p = 0.005, respectively). Although no difference in mortality was evident between genders (p = 0.141), both male and female COVID-19 patients had a significantly higher risk of death if they had comorbidities such as CVDs, kidney diseases, or chronic neurological diseases. Moreover, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases were significant risk factors for COVID-19 mortality among men, whereas cancer was a significant contributor among women. Our findings confirm gender-differences in pre-existing medical conditions of COVID-19 patients, which may influence the risk of death. Further studies, however, are needed to understand physiological and pathological mechanisms underpinning these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Maugeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuliana Favara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Magnano San Lio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Puglisi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dario Sinatra
- Provincial Health Authority (Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale, ASP) of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Liberti
- Provincial Health Authority (Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale, ASP) of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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4
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Kal M, Winiarczyk M, Zarębska-Michaluk D, Odrobina D, Cieśla E, Płatkowska-Adamska B, Biskup M, Pabjan P, Głuszek S, Mackiewicz J. Long-Term Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Retinal and Choroidal Microvasculature. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072528. [PMID: 37048610 PMCID: PMC10095143 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the persistent changes in microvascular parameters based on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia. The case-control prospective study was carried out among 49 patients with COVID-19 and 45 healthy age- and gender-matched 2 and 8 months after hospital discharge. We found a significantly decreased vessel density (VD) in superficial capillary plexus (SCP) in COVID-19 patients. Significantly decreased vessel density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), the deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris (CC), with significantly increased vessel density observed in the choriocapillaris in the foveal area (FCC). The foveal avascular zone in DCP (FAZd) was significantly increased in the COVID-19 group. We found differences between OCTA parameters according to gender. The foveal VD in SCP and DCP was significantly decreased in women compared to men. The FAZ area in SCP (FAZs) and superior VD in the choriocapillaris (SCC) were significantly increased in women. In conclusion, we noticed persistent changes in the ocular parameters of OCTA in COVID-19 patients. At the second follow-up visit, we observed a widened FAZ zone in SCP and decreased VD in some regions of the retina and choroid.
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5
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Matias AA, Manique I, Sabino T, Rego T, Mihon C, Panarra A, Rizzo M, Silva-Nunes J. Absolute Hyperglycemia versus Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio for the Prognosis of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in the First Months of the Pandemic: A Retrospective Study. Diabetes Ther 2023; 14:335-346. [PMID: 36574200 PMCID: PMC9793808 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a risk factor for greater severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) is an independent predictor of critical illness, and it is reported to have a stronger association than absolute hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of absolute hyperglycemia and SHR with the severity of COVID-19, since there are no studies investigating SHR in patients with COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective observational study on hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the first months of the pandemic, regarding absolute hyperglycemia, SHR, and severity outcomes. Of the 374 patients, 28.1% had a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Absolute hyperglycemia (64.8% versus 22.7%; p < 0.01) and SHR [1.1 (IQR 0.9-1.3) versus 1.0 (IQR 0.9-1.2); p < 0.001] showed a statistically significant association with previous diabetes. Absolute hyperglycemia showed a significant association with clinical severity of COVID-19 (79.0% versus 62.7%; p < 0.001), need for oxygen therapy (74.8% versus 54.4%; p < 0.001), invasive mechanical ventilation (28.6% versus 11.6%; p < 0.001), and intensive care unit (30.3% versus 14.9%; p = 0.002), but not with mortality; by contrast, there was no statistically significant association between SHR and all these parameters. Our results are in agreement with the literature regarding the impact of absolute hyperglycemia on COVID-19 severity outcomes, while SHR was not a significant marker. We therefore suggest that SHR should not be evaluated in all patients admitted in the hospital for COVID-19, and we encourage the standard measures at admission of blood glucose and HbA1c levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Matias
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Inês Manique
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sabino
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Rego
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claudia Mihon
- Functional Unit of Internal Medicine 7.2, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Panarra
- Functional Unit of Internal Medicine 7.2, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - José Silva-Nunes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Nova University of Lisbon, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Health and Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, 1990-096, Lisbon, Portugal.
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6
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Epidemiological Context and Risk Factors Associated with the Evolution of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Retrospective Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112139. [DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its initial appearance in December 2019, COVID-19 has posed a serious challenge to healthcare authorities worldwide. The purpose of the current study was to identify the epidemiological context associated with the respiratory illness propagated by the spread of COVID-19 and outline various risk factors related to its evolution in the province of Debila (Southeastern Algeria). A retrospective analysis was carried out for a cohort of 612 COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals between March 2020 and February 2022. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Further, logistic regression analysis was employed to perform the odds ratio. In gendered comparison, males were found to have a higher rate of incidence and mortality compared to females. In terms of age, individuals with advanced ages of 60 years or over were typically correlated with higher rates of incidence and mortality in comparison toindividuals below this age. Furthermore, the current research indicated that peri-urban areas were less affected that the urban regions, which had relatively significant incidence and mortality rates. The summer season was marked with the highest incidence and mortality rate in comparison with other seasons. Patients who were hospitalized, were the age of 60 or over, or characterized by comorbidity, were mainly associated with death evolution (odds ratio [OR] = 8.695; p = 0.000), (OR = 6.192; p = 0.000), and (OR = 2.538; p = 0.000), respectively. The study identifies an important relationship between the sanitary status of patients, hospitalization, over-age categories, and the case severity of the COVID-19 patient.
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7
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Kapoor N, Kalra S, Al Mahmeed W, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Alawi K, Banach M, Banerjee Y, Ceriello A, Cesur M, Cosentino F, Firenze A, Galia M, Goh SY, Janez A, Kempler P, Lessan N, Lotufo P, Papanas N, Rizvi AA, Sahebkar A, Santos RD, Stoian AP, Toth PP, Viswanathan V, Rizzo M. The Dual Pandemics of COVID-19 and Obesity: Bidirectional Impact. Diabetes Ther 2022; 13:1723-1736. [PMID: 36030317 PMCID: PMC9419639 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been shown to disrupt many organ systems in the human body. Though several medical disorders have been affected by this infection, a few illnesses in addition may also play a role in determining the outcome of COVID-19. Obesity is one such disease which is not only affected by the occurrence of COVID-19 but can also result in a worse clinical outcome of COVID-19 infection. This manuscript summarizes the most recent evidence supporting the bidirectional impact of COVID-19 and obesity. It highlights how the presence of obesity can be detrimental to the outcome of COVID-19 in a given patient because of the mechanical limitations in lung compliance and also by the activation of several thrombo-inflammatory pathways. The sociodemographic changes brought about by the pandemic in turn have facilitated the already increasing prevalence of obesity. This manuscript highlights the importance of recognizing these pathways which may further help in policy changes that facilitate appropriate measures to prevent the further worsening of these two pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, B.R.I.D.E., Karnal, 132001, India.
| | - Wael Al Mahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kamila Al-Alawi
- Department of Training and Studies, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Yajnavalka Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mustafa Cesur
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Ankara Güven Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Firenze
- Unit of Research and International Cooperation, University Hospital of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Galia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bind), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Su-Yen Goh
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Kempler
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nader Lessan
- The Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paulo Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ali A Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raul D Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter P Toth
- Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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8
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Presti EL, Nuzzo D, Al Mahmeed W, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Alawi K, Banach M, Banerjee Y, Ceriello A, Cesur M, Cosentino F, Firenze A, Galia M, Goh SY, Janez A, Kalra S, Kapoor N, Kempler P, Lessan N, Lotufo P, Papanas N, Rizvi AA, Sahebkar A, Santos RD, Stoian AP, Toth PP, Viswanathan V, Rizzo M. Molecular and pro-inflammatory aspects of COVID-19: The impact on cardiometabolic health. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166559. [PMID: 36174875 PMCID: PMC9510069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) often cluster together as “Cardiometabolic Disease” (CMD). Just under 50% of patients with CMD increased the risk of morbidity and mortality right from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic as it has been reported in most countries affected by the SARS-CoV2 virus. One of the pathophysiological hallmarks of COVID-19 is the overactivation of the immune system with a prominent IL-6 response, resulting in severe and systemic damage involving also cytokines such as IL2, IL4, IL8, IL10, and interferon-gamma were considered strong predictors of COVID-19 severity. Thus, in this mini-review, we try to describe the inflammatory state, the alteration of the adipokine profile, and cytokine production in the obese state of infected and not infected patients by SARS-CoV2 with the final aim to find possible influences of COVID-19 on CMD and CVD. The immunological-based discussion of the molecular processes could inspire the study of promising targets for managing CMD patients and its complications during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lo Presti
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Nuzzo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Wael Al Mahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kamila Al-Alawi
- Department of Training and Studies, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Yajnavalka Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mustafa Cesur
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Ankara Güven Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, University of Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Firenze
- Unit of Research and International Cooperation, University Hospital of Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Galia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bind), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Su-Yen Goh
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital & BRIDE, Karnal, India
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kempler
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nader Lessan
- The Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paulo Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ali A Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raul D Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor) University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anca P Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter P Toth
- Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, Italy.
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9
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Žarković N, Jastrząb A, Jarocka-Karpowicz I, Orehovec B, Baršić B, Tarle M, Kmet M, Lukšić I, Łuczaj W, Skrzydlewska E. The Impact of Severe COVID-19 on Plasma Antioxidants. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165323. [PMID: 36014561 PMCID: PMC9416063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggested the association of COVID-19 with systemic oxidative stress, in particular with lipid peroxidation and vascular stress. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant signaling in the plasma of eighty-eight patients upon admission to the Clinical Hospital Dubrava in Zagreb, of which twenty-two died within a week, while the other recovered. The differences between the deceased and the survivors were found, especially in the reduction of superoxide dismutases (SOD-1 and SOD-2) activity, which was accompanied by the alteration in glutathione-dependent system and the intensification of the thioredoxin-dependent system. Reduced levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants, especially tocopherol, were also observed, which correlated with enhanced lipid peroxidation (determined by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and neuroprostane levels) and oxidative modifications of proteins assessed as 4-HNE-protein adducts and carbonyl groups. These findings confirm the onset of systemic oxidative stress in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2, especially those who died from COVID-19, as manifested by strongly reduced tocopherol level and SOD activity associated with lipid peroxidation. Therefore, we propose that preventive and/or supplementary use of antioxidants, especially of lipophilic nature, could be beneficial for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neven Žarković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Jastrząb
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Biserka Orehovec
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bruno Baršić
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Tarle
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marta Kmet
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Lukšić
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wojciech Łuczaj
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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10
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Reply to Ayuso García et al. Health Perception among Female COVID-19 Patients. Comment on “Fernández-de-las-Peñas et al. Female Sex Is a Risk Factor Associated with Long-Term Post-COVID Related-Symptoms but Not with COVID-19 Symptoms: The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM Multicenter Study. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 413”. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133616. [PMID: 35806901 PMCID: PMC9267921 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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11
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Busnatu ȘS, Pană MA, Lăcraru AE, Jercălău CE, Paun N, Caprino M, Gand K, Schlieter H, Kyriazakos S, Andrei CL, Sinescu CJ. Patient Perception When Transitioning from Classic to Remote Assisted Cardiac Rehabilitation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040926. [PMID: 35453974 PMCID: PMC9030505 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation is an individualized outpatient program of physical exercises and medical education designed to accelerate recovery and improve health status in heart disease patients. In this study, we aimed for assessment of patients’ perception of the involvement of technology and remote monitoring devices in cardiac recovery. During the Living Lab Phase of the Virtual Coaching Activities for Rehabilitation in Elderly (vCare) project, we evaluated eleven patients (five heart failure patients and six ischemic heart disease patients). Patient admission in the UMFCD cardiology clinical department served as a shared inclusion criterion for both study groups. In addition, the presence of II or III heart failure NYHA stage status was considered an inclusion criterion for the heart failure study group and patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease for the second one. We conducted a system usability survey to assess the patients’ perception of the system’s technical and medical functions. The survey had excellent preliminary results in the heart failure study group and good results in the ischemic heart disease group. The limited access of patients to cardiac rehabilitation in Romania has led to increased interest and motivation in this study. The final version of the product is designed to adapt to patient needs and necessities; therefore, patient perception is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ștefan-Sebastian Busnatu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-S.B.); (A.E.L.); (C.-E.J.); (C.L.A.); (C.-J.S.)
| | - Maria-Alexandra Pană
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-S.B.); (A.E.L.); (C.-E.J.); (C.L.A.); (C.-J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-746243990
| | - Andreea Elena Lăcraru
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-S.B.); (A.E.L.); (C.-E.J.); (C.L.A.); (C.-J.S.)
| | - Cosmina-Elena Jercălău
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-S.B.); (A.E.L.); (C.-E.J.); (C.L.A.); (C.-J.S.)
| | - Nicolae Paun
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Clinical Hospital “Theodor Burghele”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Massimo Caprino
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, 20144 Milano, Italy;
| | - Kai Gand
- Research Group Digital Health, Faculty of Business and Economics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (K.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Hannes Schlieter
- Research Group Digital Health, Faculty of Business and Economics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (K.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Sofoklis Kyriazakos
- Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, 7400 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Cătălina Liliana Andrei
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-S.B.); (A.E.L.); (C.-E.J.); (C.L.A.); (C.-J.S.)
| | - Crina-Julieta Sinescu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-S.B.); (A.E.L.); (C.-E.J.); (C.L.A.); (C.-J.S.)
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12
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Ilias I, Rizzo M, Zabuliene L. Metformin: Sex/Gender Differences in Its Uses and Effects—Narrative Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030430. [PMID: 35334606 PMCID: PMC8952223 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MTF) occupies a major and fundamental position in the therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Gender differences in some effects and actions of MTF have been reported. Women are usually prescribed lower MTF doses compared to men and report more gastrointestinal side effects. The incidence of cardiovascular events in women on MTF has been found to be lower to that of men on MTF. Despite some promising results with MTF regarding pregnancy rates in women with PCOS, the management of gestational diabetes, cancer prevention or adjunctive cancer treatment and COVID-19, most robust meta-analyses have yet to confirm such beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Ilias
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: e-mail:
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 141, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Lina Zabuliene
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio St. 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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13
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Female Sex Is a Risk Factor Associated with Long-Term Post-COVID Related-Symptoms but Not with COVID-19 Symptoms: The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM Multicenter Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020413. [PMID: 35054108 PMCID: PMC8778106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This multicenter cohort study investigated the differences between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related symptoms and post-COVID symptoms between male and female COVID-19 survivors. Clinical and hospitalization data were collected from hospital medical records in a sample of individuals recovered from COVID-19 at five public hospitals in Spain. A predefined list of post-COVID symptoms was systematically assessed, but patients were free to report any symptom. Anxiety/depressive levels and sleep quality were also assessed. Adjusted multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify the association of sex with post-COVID related-symptoms. A total of 1969 individuals (age: 61, SD: 16 years, 46.4% women) were assessed 8.4 months after discharge. No overall significant sex differences in COVID-19 onset symptoms at hospital admission were found. Post-COVID symptoms were present in up to 60% of hospitalized COVID-19 survivors eight months after the infection. The number of post-COVID symptoms was 2.25 for females and 1.5 for males. After adjusting by all variables, female sex was associated with ≥3 post-COVID symptoms (adj OR 2.54, 95%CI 1.671-3.865, p < 0.001), the presence of post-COVID fatigue (adj OR 1.514, 95%CI 1.040-2.205), dyspnea (rest: adj OR 1.428, 95%CI 1.081-1.886, exertion: adj OR 1.409, 95%CI 1.109-1.791), pain (adj OR 1.349, 95%CI 1.059-1.720), hair loss (adj OR 4.529, 95%CI 2.784-7.368), ocular problems (adj OR 1.981, 95%CI 1.185-3.312), depressive levels (adj OR 1.606, 95%CI 1.002-2.572) and worse sleep quality (adj OR 1.634, 95%CI 1.097-2.434). Female sex was a risk factor for the development of some long-term post-COVID symptoms including mood disorders. Healthcare systems should consider sex differences in the management of long haulers.
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14
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Gasmi A, Chirumbolo S, Peana M, Noor S, Menzel A, Dadar M, Bjørklund G. The Role of Diet and Supplementation of Natural Products in COVID-19 Prevention. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:27-30. [PMID: 33630276 PMCID: PMC7905195 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a discussion has begun on the global management strategy against COVID-19 based on the hypothesis that individuals' macro- and micronutrient status combined with antiviral drugs and herbs can be an ally against the infection. The hypothesis is that people's nutritional and oxidative scavenging capacity may provide fundamental data to predict severe and acute pulmonary distress following SARS-Cov2 infection. Consequently, the scientific community has addressed the role of balanced diets, nutritional supplements, and micronutrients, including folk herbal formulations, in reducing hospitalization and the severity of pulmonary impact in COVID-19 by preventing the most serious forms of the infection. This led to an animated debate on the potential effectiveness of some vitamins, micronutrients, and traditional Chinese medicine in preventing COVID-19, with some authors convinced that plant extracts could act oppositely, exacerbating the effect of the infection. While current research is still far to assess the suggestions and issues raised in this short communication, it is undoubtedly true that determining an individual's current metabolic status, including macro- and micronutrients, is an essential factor in defining any individuals' deficiencies, which will need to be addressed urgently through a proper diet, specific personalized nutritional supplementation, and lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sadaf Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
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15
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Stoian AP, Kempler P, Stulnig T, Rizvi AA, Rizzo M. Diabetes and COVID-19: What 2 Years of the Pandemic Has Taught Us. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 20:137-140. [PMID: 34967689 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the world enters its third year of the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals with diabetes have faced particular challenges from the virus. A deleterious bidirectional relationship exists between the two disorders, with heightened inflammatory, immunologic, and cellular mechanisms leading to a more severe illness and increased morbidity and mortality. Tight glucose control, though necessary, is hampered by physical restrictions and difficulty accessing health care. Novel glucose-lowering medications may provide unique benefits in this regard. It is imperative that multi-pronged efforts be prioritized in order to reduce adverse outcomes in patients with diabetes at risk for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases "Prof N.C. Paulescu," Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter Kempler
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas Stulnig
- Department of Medicine III and Karl Landsteiner institute for Metabolic Diseases and Nephrology, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali A Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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16
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Banerjee Y, Pantea Stoian A, Silva-Nunes J, Sonmez A, Rizvi AA, Janez A, Rizzo M. The role of GLP-1 receptor agonists during COVID-19 pandemia: a hypothetical molecular mechanism. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 20:1309-1315. [PMID: 34424130 PMCID: PMC8425441 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1970744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of anti-diabetic treatments have been favored during the continuing spread of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are a group of antidiabetic drugs, the glucose reducing effect of which is founded on augmenting glucose-dependent insulin secretion with concomitant reduction of glucagon secretion and delayed gastric emptying. Apart from their glucose lowering effects, GLP1-RAs also exert a plethora of pleiotropic activities in the form of anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and anti-obesogenic properties, with beneficial cardiovascular and renal impact. All these make this class of drugs a preferred option for managing patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and potentially helpful in those with SARS-CoV2 infection. AREAS COVERED In the present article we propose a hypothetical molecular mechanism by which GLP1-RAs may interact with SARS-CoV-2 activity. EXPERT OPINION The beneficial properties of GLP1-RAs may be of specific importance during COVID-19 infection for the most fragile patients with chronic comorbid conditions such as T2D, and those at higher cardiovascular and renal disease risk. Yet, further studies are needed to confirm our hypothesis and preliminary findings available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajnavalka Banerjee
- Biochemistry, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical Education, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - José Silva-Nunes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário De Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nova Medical School-Faculdade De Ciências Medicas, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Health and Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Escola Superior De Tecnologia Da Saude De Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alper Sonmez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali A Rizvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids Emory, University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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17
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Rizvi AA, Stoian AP, Lessan N, Rizzo M. Endocrinology in the Time of COVID-19: A Rapid Evolution of Knowledge and Care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57080805. [PMID: 34441011 PMCID: PMC8399077 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Rizvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Nader Lessan
- The Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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18
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Ramírez-Soto MC, Arroyo-Hernández H, Ortega-Cáceres G. Sex differences in the incidence, mortality, and fatality of COVID-19 in Peru. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253193. [PMID: 34125851 PMCID: PMC8202928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a worrying lack of epidemiological data on the sex differential in COVID-19 infection and death rates between the regions of Peru. Methods Using cases and death data from the national population-based surveillance system of Peru, we estimated incidence, mortality and fatality, stratified by sex, age and geographic distribution (per 100,000 habitants) from March 16 to November 27, 2020. At the same time, we calculated the risk of COVID-19 death. Results During the study period, 961894 cases and 35913 deaths were reported in Peru. Men had a twofold higher risk of COVID-19 death within the overall population of Peru (odds ratio (OR), 2.11; confidence interval (CI) 95%; 2.06–2.16; p<0.00001), as well as 20 regions of Peru, compared to women (p<0.05). There were variations in incidence, mortality and fatality rates stratified by sex, age, and region. The incidence rate was higher among men than among women (3079 vs. 2819 per 100,000 habitants, respectively). The mortality rate was two times higher in males than in females (153 vs. 68 per 100,000 habitants, respectively). The mortality rates increased with age, and were high in men 60 years of age or older. The fatality rate was two times higher in men than in women (4.96% vs. 2.41%, respectively), and was high in men 50 years of age or older. Conclusions These findings show the higher incidence, mortality and fatality rates among men than among women from Peru. These rates vary widely by region, and men are at greater risk of COVID-19 death. In addition, the mortality and fatality rates increased with age, and were most predominant in men 50 years of age or older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Carlos Ramírez-Soto
- School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica del Peru, Lima, Peru
- * E-mail: ,
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Barh D, Aljabali AA, Tambuwala MM, Tiwari S, Serrano-Aroca Á, Alzahrani KJ, Silva Andrade B, Azevedo V, Ganguly NK, Lundstrom K. Predicting COVID-19-Comorbidity Pathway Crosstalk-Based Targets and Drugs: Towards Personalized COVID-19 Management. Biomedicines 2021; 9:556. [PMID: 34067609 PMCID: PMC8156524 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that pre-existing comorbid conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), cancers, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with increased severity and fatality of COVID-19. The increased death from COVID-19 is due to the unavailability of a gold standard therapeutic and, more importantly, the lack of understanding of how the comorbid conditions and COVID-19 interact at the molecular level, so that personalized management strategies can be adopted. Here, using multi-omics data sets and bioinformatics strategy, we identified the pathway crosstalk between COVID-19 and diabetes, hypertension, CVDs, CKDs, and cancers. Further, shared pathways and hub gene-based targets for COVID-19 and its associated specific and combination of comorbid conditions are also predicted towards developing personalized management strategies. The approved drugs for most of these identified targets are also provided towards drug repurposing. Literature supports the involvement of our identified shared pathways in pathogenesis of COVID-19 and development of the specific comorbid condition of interest. Similarly, shared pathways- and hub gene-based targets are also found to have potential implementations in managing COVID-19 patients. However, the identified targets and drugs need further careful evaluation for their repurposing towards personalized treatment of COVID-19 cases having pre-existing specific comorbid conditions we have considered in this analysis. The method applied here may also be helpful in identifying common pathway components and targets in other disease-disease interactions too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur 721172, India
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Alaa A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bruno Silva Andrade
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié 45206-190, Brazil;
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (S.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Nirmal Kumar Ganguly
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India;
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Science, New Delhi 110070, India
- Policy Center for Biomedical Research, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, Faridabad 121001, India
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20
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Shi MJ, Lv JG, Lin L, Guo JY. Trends in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalization and Prognosis: Gender Effect. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:312-317. [PMID: 33877547 PMCID: PMC8056196 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We here aimed to investigate the impact of gender on the clinical characteristics and laboratory results of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and provide clues to the pathological mechanisms underlying COVID-19. A retrospective study was performed. Clinical characteristics, severity of lung infection, laboratory results, and prognoses of patients of different gender were analyzed. A total of 242 patients were finally included. The median age was 58 years (IQR: 40–68), including 54 (22.3%) hospital staffs. Ninety-four (38.8%) were male and 148 (61.1%) were female. The proportion of patients with diabetes was significantly higher in the male group than in the female group (P=0.034). Male patients had a significantly larger proportion of severe lung infection, higher leukocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin than female. Furthermore, male patients had worse liver, cardiac, and coagulation function than their female counterparts. Male patients with COVID-19 showed more severe inflammation reaction and coagulation dysfunction than female patients. In conclusion, gender is associated with host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jing Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Emergence, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia-Gao Lv
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun-Yi Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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21
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Serban D, Socea B, Badiu CD, Tudor C, Balasescu SA, Dumitrescu D, Trotea AM, Spataru RI, Vancea G, Dascalu AM, Tanasescu C. Acute surgical abdomen during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical and therapeutic challenges. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:519. [PMID: 33815592 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical presentation and therapeutic management of acute surgical abdomen. A retrospective study of emergency hospitalizations with a diagnosis of acute surgical abdomen between April and July 2020 vs. a similar period in 2019 was performed. The observation sheets and the operating protocols were analyzed. Between April and July 2020, 50 cases of acute surgical abdomen were hospitalized and treated, compared to 43 cases in the same period last year. The main types of pathology in both groups included: Occlusions (60%, respectively 44.2% in 2019) and peritonitis (32%, respectively 41.8% in 2019). There was an increased rate of patients with colorectal cancers neglected therapeutically or uninvestigated, who presented during the pandemic period with emergencies for complications such as occlusion or tumor perforation (32 vs. 6.97%, P=0.0039). One case, with gastric perforation, was COVID-positive, with no pulmonary symptoms at admission. The number of postoperative infectious complications was lower during the pandemic (2 vs. 13.95%, P=0.0461). As the COVID-19 pandemic appears to be still far from ending, we should learn to adapt our surgical protocols to the new evidence. Oncological patients are a vulnerable group, who were neglected in the first months of the pandemic. SARS-Cov-2 infection may be a cause of abdominal pain and should be taken into account in different diagnoses of acute abdomen in surgical wards. Correct wearing of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) and respecting strict rules of asepsis and antisepsis are required for preventing in-hospital transmission of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Serban
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Fourth Department of Surgery, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Socea
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Surgery, 'Sf. Pantelimon' Emergency Hospital, 021659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristinel Dumitru Badiu
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,General Surgery, Emergency Clinical Hospital 'Prof. Dr. Bagdasar Arseni', 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Tudor
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Andreea Balasescu
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Fourth Department of Surgery, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andra Maria Trotea
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Second Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Iulian Spataru
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Paediatric Surgery, Emergency Clinic Hospital for Children 'Maria S. Curie', 41451 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Geta Vancea
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.,Third Department, 'Dr Victor Babes' Clinical Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Dascalu
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tanasescu
- Third Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, 'Lucian Blaga' University Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
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22
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Hu J, Li C, Wang S, Li T, Zhang H. Genetic variants are identified to increase risk of COVID-19 related mortality from UK Biobank data. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:10. [PMID: 33536081 PMCID: PMC7856608 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly heterogeneous. Studies have reported that males and some ethnic groups are at increased risk of death from COVID-19, which implies that individual risk of death might be influenced by host genetic factors. METHODS In this project, we consider the mortality as the trait of interest and perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of data for 1778 infected cases (445 deaths, 25.03%) distributed by the UK Biobank. Traditional GWAS fails to identify any genome-wide significant genetic variants from this dataset. To enhance the power of GWAS and account for possible multi-loci interactions, we adopt the concept of super variant for the detection of genetic factors. A discovery-validation procedure is used for verifying the potential associations. RESULTS We find 8 super variants that are consistently identified across multiple replications as susceptibility loci for COVID-19 mortality. The identified risk factors on chromosomes 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 16, and 17 contain genetic variants and genes related to cilia dysfunctions (DNAH7 and CLUAP1), cardiovascular diseases (DES and SPEG), thromboembolic disease (STXBP5), mitochondrial dysfunctions (TOMM7), and innate immune system (WSB1). It is noteworthy that DNAH7 has been reported recently as the most downregulated gene after infecting human bronchial epithelial cells with SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS Eight genetic variants are identified to significantly increase the risk of COVID-19 mortality among the patients with white British ancestry. These findings may provide timely clues and potential directions for better understanding the molecular pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the genetic basis of heterogeneous susceptibility, with potential impact on new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Ste 523, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Ste 523, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Shiying Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Ste 523, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Ste 523, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Ste 523, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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23
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Hartog N, Faber W, Frisch A, Bauss J, Bupp CP, Rajasekaran S, Prokop JW. SARS-CoV-2 infection: molecular mechanisms of severe outcomes to suggest therapeutics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:105-118. [PMID: 33779460 PMCID: PMC8022340 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1908894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:The year 2020 was defined by the 29,903 base pairs of RNA that codes for the SARS-CoV-2 genome. SARS-CoV-2 infects humans to cause COVID-19, spreading from patient-to-patient yet impacts patients very divergently.Areas covered: Within this review, we address the known molecular mechanisms and supporting data for COVID-19 clinical course and pathology, clinical risk factors and molecular signatures, therapeutics of severe COVID-19, and reinfection/vaccination. Literature and published datasets were reviewed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and NCBI SRA tools. The combination of exaggerated cytokine signaling, pneumonia, NETosis, pyroptosis, thrombocytopathy, endotheliopathy, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) create a positive feedback loop of severe damage in patients with COVID-19 that impacts the entire body and may persist for months following infection. Understanding the molecular pathways of severe COVID-19 opens the door for novel therapeutic design. We summarize the current insights into pathology, risk factors, secondary infections, genetics, omics, and drugs being tested to treat severe COVID-19.Expert opinion: A growing level of support suggests the need for stronger integration of biomarkers and precision medicine to guide treatment strategies of severe COVID-19, where each patient has unique outcomes and thus require guided treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hartog
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Allergy & Immunology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - William Faber
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Rapids Community College, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Austin Frisch
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jacob Bauss
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Caleb P Bupp
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Spectrum Health Medical Genetics, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Office of Research, Office of Research, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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24
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Hu J, Li C, Wang S, Li T, Zhang H. Genetic variants are identified to increase risk of COVID-19 related mortality from UK Biobank data. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.11.05.20226761. [PMID: 33200144 PMCID: PMC7668757 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.05.20226761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly heterogenous. Studies have reported that males and some ethnic groups are at increased risk of death from COVID-19, which implies that individual risk of death might be influenced by host genetic factors. Methods In this project, we consider the mortality as the trait of interest and perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of data for 1,778 infected cases (445 deaths, 25.03%) distributed by the UK Biobank. Traditional GWAS failed to identify any genome-wide significant genetic variants from this dataset. To enhance the power of GWAS and account for possible multi-loci interactions, we adopt the concept of super-variant for the detection of genetic factors. A discovery-validation procedure is used for verifying the potential associations. Results We find 8 super-variants that are consistently identified across multiple replications as susceptibility loci for COVID-19 mortality. The identified risk factors on Chromosomes 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 16, and 17 contain genetic variants and genes related to cilia dysfunctions (DNAH7 and CLUAP1), cardiovascular diseases (DES and SPEG), thromboembolic disease (STXBP5), mitochondrial dysfunctions (TOMM7), and innate immune system (WSB1). It is noteworthy that DNAH7 has been reported recently as the most downregulated gene after infecting human bronchial epithelial cells with SARS-CoV2. Conclusions Eight genetic variants are identified to significantly increase risk of COVID-19 mortality among the patients with white British ancestry. These findings may provide timely evidence and clues for better understanding the molecular pathogenesis of COVID-19 and genetic basis of heterogeneous susceptibility, with potential impact on new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ting Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University
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