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Kuzumi A, Yoshizaki-Ogawa A, Fukasawa T, Sato S, Yoshizaki A. The Potential Role of Cannabidiol in Cosmetic Dermatology: A Literature Review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2024:10.1007/s40257-024-00891-y. [PMID: 39369127 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-024-00891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotropic cannabinoid with multiple pharmacological properties. Cannabidiol has attracted growing attention in the cosmetic industry, with an increasing number of CBD-containing skincare products on the market in recent years. The aim of this review is to evaluate the current evidence on the use of CBD for cosmetic purposes. Following an overview of CBD and the endocannabinoid system in the skin, we summarize pre-clinical and clinical studies that address the potential of CBD in cosmetic dermatology. Available in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that CBD has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, anti-acne, wound-healing, and anti-aging properties. However, only a few clinical studies have been conducted on the use of CBD in the skin. In addition, there is a critical need to develop an efficient drug-delivery system for topical/transdermal application of CBD. Further research, including clinical and pharmacokinetic studies, are needed to fully evaluate the role of CBD in cosmetic dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kuzumi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Asako Yoshizaki-Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takemichi Fukasawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Clinical Cannabinoid Research, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Cannabinoid Research, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Christy S, Carlsson AH, Larson D, Davenport GJ, Glenn JF, Brumfield R, Avina G, Jockheck-Clark A, Christy RJ, Nuutila K. Topical Noneuphoric Phytocannabinoid Elixir 14 Reduces Inflammation and Mitigates Burn Progression. J Surg Res 2024; 296:447-455. [PMID: 38320364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thermal injuries are caused by exposure to a wide variety of agents including heat, electricity, radiation, chemicals, and friction. Early intervention can decrease injury severity by preventing excess inflammation and mitigating burn wound progression for improved healing outcomes. Previous studies have demonstrated that cannabinoids can trigger anti-inflammatory responses and promote wound closure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether a topical application of Noneuphoric Phytocannabinoid Elixir 14 (NEPE14) containing a full complement of phytocannabinoids (< 0.3% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol or cannabidiol) and other phytochemicals would mitigate burn wound progression in the treatment of deep partial-thickness burn wounds. METHODS Deep partial-thickness burns were created on the dorsum of four anesthetized pigs and treated with NEPE14, Vehicle control, Silverlon, or gauze. The burns were assessed on postburn days 4, 7, and 14. Assessments consisted of digital photographs, Laser-Speckle imagery (blood perfusion), MolecuLight imagery (qualitative bacterial load), and biopsies for histology and immunohistochemistry (interleukin six and tumor necrosis factor-α). RESULTS Topical treatment with NEPE14 significantly (P < 0.001) decreased inflammation (interleukin six and tumor necrosis factor-α) in comparison to control groups. It was also demonstrated that the reduction in inflammation led to mitigation of burn wound progression. In terms of wound healing and presence of bacteria, no statistically significant differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS Topical treatment of deep partial-thickness burns with NEPE14 decreased wound inflammation and mitigated burn wound progression in comparison to control treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders H Carlsson
- Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas; United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - David Larson
- Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas; United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert J Christy
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.
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3
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Kuzumi A, Yamashita T, Fukasawa T, Yoshizaki-Ogawa A, Sato S, Yoshizaki A. Cannabinoids for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases: A systematic review. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15064. [PMID: 38532572 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the medical use of cannabinoids has attracted growing attention worldwide. In particular, anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids led to their emergence as potential therapeutic options for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Recent studies have also shown that cannabinoid receptors are widely expressed and have endogenous ligands in the skin, suggesting that the skin has its own endocannabinoid system. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential therapeutic effects of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases. Following an overview of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cannabinoids in skin health and disease. We then review the clinical studies of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases including systemic sclerosis (SSc), dermatomyositis (DM), psoriasis (Pso) and atopic dermatitis (AD). A primary literature search was conducted in July 2023, using PubMed and Web of Science. A total of 15 articles were included after excluding reviews, non-human studies and in vitro studies from 389 non-duplicated articles. Available evidence suggests that cannabinoids may be beneficial for SSc, DM, Pso and AD. However, further studies, ideally randomized controlled trials, are needed to further evaluate the use of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kuzumi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takemichi Fukasawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Cannabinoid Research, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Yoshizaki-Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Cannabinoid Research, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Yoo EH, Lee JH. Cannabinoids and Their Receptors in Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16523. [PMID: 38003712 PMCID: PMC10672037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic application of cannabinoids has gained traction in recent years. Cannabinoids interact with the human endocannabinoid system in the skin. A large body of research indicates that cannabinoids could hold promise for the treatment of eczema, psoriasis, acne, pruritus, hair disorders, and skin cancer. However, most of the available data are at the preclinical stage. Comprehensive, large-scale, randomized, controlled clinical trials have not yet been fully conducted. In this article, we describe new findings in cannabinoid research and point out promising future research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
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5
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Sermsaksasithorn P, Nopsopon T, Samuthpongtorn C, Chotirosniramit K, Pongpirul K. Cannabis and cannabinoids in dermatology: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative outcomes. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075007. [PMID: 37699631 PMCID: PMC10503344 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Following the discovery of various effects on skin function by modifying endocannabinoid systems, multiple preclinical studies have revealed the promise of cannabis and cannabinoids in the treatment of a variety of skin diseases. However, its clinical efficacy is still debated. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The protocol has been prepared using the Preferred Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols guidelines. A systematic search will be conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science. We will include randomised controlled trials and observational studies investigating alterations to dermatological characteristics following administration of cannabis and cannabinoids for dermatological diseases and disorders. The two reviewers will perform both the title and abstract and full-text screenings. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 and ROBINS-1 tools will be used to evaluate the risk of bias. If a group of comparable studies for each quantitative outcome can be discovered, we will conduct a random effects meta-analysis. We will investigate heterogeneity using a combination of visual inspection of the forest plot, the Cochran's Q test and Higgins' test [I2]. Sensitivity analyses will be performed to assess the statistical robustness of the primary outcome. To evaluate a publication bias, the Egger's regression asymmetry test and funnel plots will be considered. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study does not require ethical approval because no original data will be collected. The findings will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023397189.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim Sermsaksasithorn
- Center of Excellence in Preventive & Integrative Medicine and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanawin Nopsopon
- Center of Excellence in Preventive & Integrative Medicine and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chatpol Samuthpongtorn
- Center of Excellence in Preventive & Integrative Medicine and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Korn Chotirosniramit
- Center of Excellence in Preventive & Integrative Medicine and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krit Pongpirul
- Center of Excellence in Preventive & Integrative Medicine and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Research Center, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Filipiuc SI, Neagu AN, Uritu CM, Tamba BI, Filipiuc LE, Tudorancea IM, Boca AN, Hâncu MF, Porumb V, Bild W. The Skin and Natural Cannabinoids-Topical and Transdermal Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1049. [PMID: 37513960 PMCID: PMC10386449 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical constituents of the Cannabis plant known as cannabinoids have been extensively researched for their potential therapeutic benefits. The use of cannabinoids applied to the skin as a potential method for both skin-related benefits and systemic administration has attracted increasing interest in recent years. This review aims to present an overview of the most recent scientific research on cannabinoids used topically, including their potential advantages for treating a number of skin conditions like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and acne. Additionally, with a focus on the pharmacokinetics and security of this route of administration, we investigate the potential of the transdermal delivery of cannabinoids as a method of systemic administration. The review also discusses the restrictions and difficulties related to the application of cannabinoids on the skin, emphasizing the potential of topical cannabinoids as a promising route for both localized and systemic administration. More studies are required to fully comprehend the efficacy and safety of cannabinoids in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu-Iulian Filipiuc
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Physiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I bvd, No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Mariana Uritu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Leontina-Elena Filipiuc
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ivona Maria Tudorancea
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Nicoleta Boca
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Vlad Porumb
- Department Surgery, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Walther Bild
- Department of Physiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania
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7
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Gatmaitan JG, Lee JH. Challenges and Future Trends in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11380. [PMID: 37511138 PMCID: PMC10380015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis represents a complex and multidimensional interaction that represents potential fields of preventive and therapeutic management. In addition to the treatment armamentarium available for atopic dermatitis, novel drugs targeting significant molecular pathways in atopic dermatitis biologics and small molecules are also being developed given the condition's complex pathophysiology. While most of the patients are expecting better efficacy and long-term control, the response to these drugs would still depend on numerous factors such as complex genotype, diverse environmental triggers and microbiome-derived signals, and, most importantly, dynamic immune responses. This review article highlights the challenges and the recently developed pharmacological agents in atopic dermatitis based on the molecular pathogenesis of this condition, creating a specific therapeutic approach toward a more personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Garcia Gatmaitan
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Gatmaitan Medical and Skin Center, Baliuag 3006, Bulacan, Philippines
- Skines Aesthetic and Laser Center, Quezon City 1104, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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8
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Osorio-Perez RM, Rodríguez-Manzo G, Espinosa-Riquer ZP, Cruz SL, González-Espinosa C. Endocannabinoid modulation of allergic responses: Focus on the control of FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151324. [PMID: 37236045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic reactions are highly prevalent pathologies initiated by the production of IgE antibodies against harmless antigens (allergens) and the activation of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expressed in the surface of basophils and mast cells (MCs). Research on the mechanisms of negative control of those exacerbated inflammatory reactions has been intense in recent years. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) show important regulatory effects on MC-mediated immune responses, mainly inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. However, the description of the molecular mechanisms involved in eCB control of MC activation is far from complete. In this review, we aim to summarize the available information regarding the role of eCBs in the modulation of FcεRI-dependent activation of that cell type, emphasizing the description of the eCB system and the existence of some of its elements in MCs. Unique characteristics of the eCB system and cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) localization and signaling in MCs are mentioned. The described and putative points of cross-talk between CBRs and FcεRI signaling cascades are also presented. Finally, we discuss some important considerations in the study of the effects of eCBs in MCs and the perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Monserrat Osorio-Perez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Manzo
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zyanya P Espinosa-Riquer
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia L Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia González-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico.
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9
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Liu X, Li L, Jiang J, Ge W, Huang Y, Jin Z, Liu X, Kong Y, Zhanmu O, Zeng X, Li F, Li M, Chen H. Role of Type I Cannabinoid Receptor in Sensory Neurons in Psoriasiform Skin Inflammation and Pruritus. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:812-821.e3. [PMID: 36410425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Type I cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) has been reported to exhibit favorable anti-inflammation and antipruritus effects against inflammation-based skin diseases, but the specific mechanism remains to be explored. In this study, we found that the activation of CB1R significantly relieved the scratching behavior and skin inflammation in a psoriatic mouse model, whereas CB1R antagonist aggravated these symptoms. Because the expression of CB1R was abundant in dorsal root ganglia, we constructed mice with conditional CB1R knockout in primary sensory neurons and found that imiquimod-induced psoriasiform inflammation and itch were both worsened in CB1R-conditional knockout mice. Next, we observed that the CB1R was mostly located in peptidergic neurons, and deletion of CB1R in primary sensory neurons promoted the production and release of substance P to the skin tissue. Furthermore, the elevated substance P in the skin affected the activation of extracellular signal‒regulated kinase in keratinocytes and induced the accumulation of mast cells in the dermis. Finally, we showed that blocking the substance P signal significantly alleviated the exacerbation of psoriasiform inflammation and itch caused by imiquimod in CB1R-conditional knockout mice. Together, our work reveals that CB1R in sensory neurons plays a key role in psoriasiform skin inflammation and pruritus by regulating substance P expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqiang Ge
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqiong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilin Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - XinXin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ouyang Zhanmu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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10
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Facheris P, Jeffery J, Del Duca E, Guttman-Yassky E. The translational revolution in atopic dermatitis: the paradigm shift from pathogenesis to treatment. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:448-474. [PMID: 36928371 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease, and it is considered a complex and heterogeneous condition. Different phenotypes of AD, defined according to the patient age at onset, race, and ethnic background; disease duration; and other disease characteristics, have been recently described, underlying the need for a personalized treatment approach. Recent advancements in understanding AD pathogenesis resulted in a real translational revolution and led to the exponential expansion of the therapeutic pipeline. The study of biomarkers in clinical studies of emerging treatments is helping clarify the role of each cytokine and immune pathway in AD and will allow addressing the unique immune fingerprints of each AD subset. Personalized medicine will be the ultimate goal of this targeted translational research. In this review, we discuss the changes in the concepts of both the pathogenesis of and treatment approach to AD, highlight the scientific rationale behind each targeted treatment and report the most recent clinical efficacy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Facheris
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jane Jeffery
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Guillot AJ, Martínez-Navarrete M, Garrigues TM, Melero A. Skin drug delivery using lipid vesicles: A starting guideline for their development. J Control Release 2023; 355:624-654. [PMID: 36775245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipid vesicles can provide a cost-effective enhancement of skin drug absorption when vesicle production process is optimised. It is an important challenge to design the ideal vesicle, since their properties and features are related, as changes in one affect the others. Here, we review the main components, preparation and characterization methods commonly used, and the key properties that lead to highly efficient vesicles for transdermal drug delivery purposes. We stand by size, deformability degree and drug loading, as the most important vesicle features that determine the further transdermal drug absorption. The interest in this technology is increasing, as demonstrated by the exponential growth of publications on the topic. Although long-term preservation and scalability issues have limited the commercialization of lipid vesicle products, freeze-drying and modern escalation methods overcome these difficulties, thus predicting a higher use of these technologies in the market and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Guillot
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Miquel Martínez-Navarrete
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Teresa M Garrigues
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicente A. Estelles SN, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain.
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12
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Vander Does A, Ju T, Mohsin N, Chopra D, Yosipovitch G. How to get rid of itching. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 243:108355. [PMID: 36739914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant sensation arising from a variety of dermatologic, neuropathic, systemic, and psychogenic etiologies. Various itch pathways are implicated according to the underlying etiology. A variety of pruritogens, or itch mediators, as well as receptors have been identified and provide potential therapeutic targets. Recent research has primarily focused on targeting inflammatory cytokines and Janus kinase signaling, protease-activated receptors, substance P and neurokinin, transient receptor potential-vanilloid ion channels, Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors (MRGPRX2 and MRGPRX4), the endogenous opioid and cannabinoid balance, and phosphodiesterase 4. Periostin, a newly identified pruritogen, should be further explored with clinical trials. Drugs targeting neural sensitization including the gabergic system and P2X3 are other potential drugs for chronic itch. There is a need for more targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes and reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Vander Does
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Ju
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Noreen Mohsin
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Divya Chopra
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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13
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Ramer R, Hinz B. Cannabinoid Compounds as a Pharmacotherapeutic Option for the Treatment of Non-Cancer Skin Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:4102. [PMID: 36552866 PMCID: PMC9777118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system has been shown to be involved in various skin functions, such as melanogenesis and the maintenance of redox balance in skin cells exposed to UV radiation, as well as barrier functions, sebaceous gland activity, wound healing and the skin's immune response. In addition to the potential use of cannabinoids in the treatment and prevention of skin cancer, cannabinoid compounds and derivatives are of interest as potential systemic and topical applications for the treatment of various inflammatory, fibrotic and pruritic skin conditions. In this context, cannabinoid compounds have been successfully tested as a therapeutic option for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, atopic and seborrhoeic dermatitis, dermatomyositis, asteatotic and atopic eczema, uraemic pruritis, scalp psoriasis, systemic sclerosis and venous leg ulcers. This review provides an insight into the current literature on cannabinoid compounds as potential medicines for the treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 70, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
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14
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A Review of Moisturizing Additives for Atopic Dermatitis. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis, the most common form of eczema, is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin condition that occurs with dry skin, persistent itching, and scaly lesions. This debilitating condition significantly compromises the patient’s quality of life due to the intractable itching and other associated factors such as disfigurement, sleeping disturbances, and social stigmatization from the visible lesions. The treatment mainstay of atopic dermatitis involves applying topical glucocorticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, combined with regular use of moisturizers. However, conventional treatments possess a certain degree of adverse effects, which raised concerns among the patients resulting in non-adherence to treatment. Hence, the modern use of moisturizers to improve barrier repair and function is of great value. One of the approaches includes incorporating bioactive ingredients with clinically proven therapeutic benefits into dermocosmetics emollient. The current evidence suggests that these dermocosmetics emollients aid in the improvement of the skin barrier and alleviate inflammation, pruritus and xerosis. We carried out a critical and comprehensive narrative review of the literature. Studies and trials focusing on moisturizers that include phytochemicals, natural moisturizing factors, essential fatty acids, endocannabinoids, and antioxidants were identified by searching electronic databases (PubMed and MEDLINE). We introduce the current knowledge on the roles of moisturizers in alleviating symptoms of atopic dermatitis. We then further summarize the science and rationale of the active ingredients in dermocosmetics and medical device emollients for treating atopic dermatitis. Finally, we highlight the limitations of the current evidence and future perspectives of cosmeceutical research on atopic dermatitis.
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15
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Makhakhe L. Topical cannabidiol (CBD) in skin pathology – A comprehensive review and prospects for new therapeutic opportunities. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2022; 64:e1-e4. [PMID: 35695447 PMCID: PMC9210160 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v64i1.5493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have utilised cannabis products in various forms throughout the recorded history. To date, more than 500 biologically active components have been identified in the plants of the Cannabis genus, amongst which more than 100 were classified as phytocannabinoids (exocannabinoids). The plant genus Cannabis is a member of the plant family Cannabaceae, and there are three primary cannabis species which vary in their biochemical constituents: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis. There has been a growing level of interest in research on the topical usage of a cannabis-based extract as a safer and more effective alternative to the usage of topical corticosteroids in treating some dermatoses. Together with the discovery of the cannabinoid receptors on the skin, it has been further illustrated that topical cannabis has anti-inflammatory, anti-itching, analgesics, wound healing and anti-proliferative effects on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehlohonolo Makhakhe
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; and, The South African Institute of Dermatology, Bloemfontein.
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16
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Liang L, Takamiya R, Miki Y, Heike K, Taketomi Y, Sugimoto N, Yamaguchi M, Shitara H, Nishito Y, Kobayashi T, Hirabayashi T, Murakami M. Group IVE cytosolic phospholipase A 2 limits psoriatic inflammation by mobilizing the anti-inflammatory lipid N-acylethanolamine. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22301. [PMID: 35478358 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101958r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory disorder characterized by keratinocyte hyper-proliferation and Th17-type immune responses. However, the roles of bioactive lipids and the regulation of their biosynthesis in this chronic skin disease are not fully understood. Herein, we show that group IVE cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 ε/PLA2G4E) plays a counterregulatory role against psoriatic inflammation by producing the anti-inflammatory lipid N-acylethanolamine (NAE). Lipidomics analysis of mouse skin revealed that NAE species and their precursors (N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine and glycerophospho-N-acylethanolamine) were robustly increased in parallel with the ongoing process of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis, accompanied by a marked upregulation of cPLA2 ε in epidermal keratinocytes. Genetic deletion of cPLA2 ε exacerbated IMQ-induced ear swelling and psoriatic marker expression, with a dramatic reduction of NAE-related lipids in IMQ-treated, and even normal, skin. Stimulation of cultured human keratinocytes with psoriatic cytokines concomitantly increased PLA2G4E expression and NAE production, and supplementation with NAEs significantly attenuated the cytokine-induced upregulation of the psoriatic marker S100A9. Increased expression of cPLA2 ε was also evident in the epidermis of psoriatic patients. These findings reveal for the first time the in vivo role of cPLA2 ε, which is highly induced in the keratinocytes of the psoriatic skin, promotes the biosynthesis of NAE-related lipids, and contributes to limiting psoriatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyiyun Liang
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Takamiya
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Heike
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Yamaguchi
- Laboratory for Transgenic Technology, Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shitara
- Laboratory for Transgenic Technology, Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Laboratory for Transgenic Technology, Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirabayashi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Sokolowska M, Rovati GE, Diamant Z, Untersmayr E, Schwarze J, Lukasik Z, Sava F, Angelina A, Palomares O, Akdis C, O'Mahony L, Jesenak M, Pfaar O, Torres MJ, Sanak M, Dahlén S, Woszczek G. Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on antiviral and allergic responses: EAACI task force on eicosanoids consensus report in times of COVID-19. Allergy 2022; 77:2337-2354. [PMID: 35174512 PMCID: PMC9111413 DOI: 10.1111/all.15258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers are among the most ubiquitously used medications in the general population. Their broad anti‐inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects are applied against symptoms of respiratory infections, including SARS‐CoV‐2, as well as in other acute and chronic inflammatory diseases that often coexist with allergy and asthma. However, the current pandemic of COVID‐19 also revealed the gaps in our understanding of their mechanism of action, selectivity, and interactions not only during viral infections and inflammation, but also in asthma exacerbations, uncontrolled allergic inflammation, and NSAIDs‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). In this context, the consensus report summarizes currently available knowledge, novel discoveries, and controversies regarding the use of NSAIDs in COVID‐19, and the role of NSAIDs in asthma and viral asthma exacerbations. We also describe here novel mechanisms of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs), outline how to predict responses to LTRA therapy and discuss a potential role of LTRA therapy in COVID‐19 treatment. Moreover, we discuss interactions of novel T2 biologicals and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers on the horizon, such as prostaglandin D2 antagonists and cannabinoids, with eicosanoid pathways, in context of viral infections and exacerbations of asthma and allergic diseases. Finally, we identify and summarize the major knowledge gaps and unmet needs in current eicosanoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne ‐ Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - G Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Section of Pharmacology and Biosciences University of Milan Milano Italy
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Skane University Hospital Lund Sweden
- Department Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation Ku Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- Child Life and Health and Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Zuzanna Lukasik
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Florentina Sava
- London North Genomic Laboratory Hub Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Alba Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne ‐ Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Milos Jesenak
- Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department of Pediatrics Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin Comenius University in BratislavaUniversity Teaching Hospital in Martin Slovakia
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy Unit Málaga Regional University Hospital‐IBIMA‐UMA Málaga Spain
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Sven‐Erik Dahlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and the Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institute, and the Department of Respiratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
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18
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Martins AM, Gomes AL, Vilas Boas I, Marto J, Ribeiro HM. Cannabis-Based Products for the Treatment of Skin Inflammatory Diseases: A Timely Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:210. [PMID: 35215320 PMCID: PMC8878527 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural products in dermatology is increasingly being pursued due to sustainability and ecological issues, and as a possible way to improve the therapeutic outcome of chronic skin diseases, relieving the burden for both patients and healthcare systems. The legalization of cannabis by a growing number of countries has opened the way for researching the use of cannabinoids in therapeutic topical formulations. Cannabinoids are a diverse class of pharmacologically active compounds produced by Cannabis sativa (phytocannabinoids) and similar molecules (endocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids). Humans possess an endocannabinoid system involved in the regulation of several physiological processes, which includes naturally-produced endocannabinoids, and proteins involved in their transport, synthesis and degradation. The modulation of the endocannabinoid system is a promising therapeutic target for multiple diseases, including vascular, mental and neurodegenerative disorders. However, due to the complex nature of this system and its crosstalk with other biological systems, the development of novel target drugs is an ongoing challenging task. The discovery of a skin endocannabinoid system and its role in maintaining skin homeostasis, alongside the anti-inflammatory actions of cannabinoids, has raised interest in their use for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases, which is the focus of this review. Oral treatments are only effective at high doses, having considerable adverse effects; thus, research into plant-based or synthetic cannabinoids that can be incorporated into high-quality, safe topical products for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions is timely. Previous studies revealed that such products are usually well tolerated and showed promising results for example in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and contact dermatitis. However, further controlled human clinical trials are needed to fully unravel the potential of these compounds, and the possible side effects associated with their topical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Martins
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ana L. Gomes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.L.G.); (I.V.B.)
| | - Inês Vilas Boas
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.L.G.); (I.V.B.)
| | - Joana Marto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Helena M. Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
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19
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Abstract
The public and health care providers are increasingly curious about the potential medical benefits of Cannabis. In vitro and in vivo studies of Cannabis have suggested it has favorable effects on regulating pain, pruritus, and inflammation, making it a potentially attractive therapeutic agent for many dermatologic conditions. The body of literature reporting on the role of cannabinoids in dermatology is in its infancy but growing. We review the current research, possible cutaneous adverse effects, and future directions for cannabinoids and their use in skin cancer, acne, psoriasis, pruritus, dermatitis, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, cutaneous lupus erythematous, epidermolysis bullosa, pain, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Shao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Campbell Stewart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
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20
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Diabetes and Cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency promote similar early onset aging-like changes in the skin. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111528. [PMID: 34437952 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) is a major regulator of metabolism, growth and inflammation. Yet, its potential role in the skin is not well understood. Our aim was to evaluate the role of CB1R in aging-like diabetic skin changes by using a CB1R knockout mouse model. METHODS We evaluated several signals of skin aging in wild-type control (WT), WT streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice (WT DM), CB1R knockout (CB1RKO) and CB1RKO DM mice. We quantified markers of inflammation, angiogenesis, antioxidant enzymes and collagen content. Moreover, we evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and macrophage phenotype, M1 and M2. RESULTS CB1R expression is decreased in the skin of WT DM mice and collagen levels are decreased in the skin of WT DM, CB1RKO and CB1RKO DM mice. Additionally, the absence of CB1R correlated with higher expression of pro-inflammatory markers, also evident in WT DM or CB1RKO DM mice. Moreover, the M1/M2 macrophage ratio and ROS levels were significantly elevated but in the diabetic WT and the CB1RKO mice, consistent with a significant decrease in the antioxidant capacity of the skin. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CB1R deficiency in the skin may lead to accelerated skin aging due to the increased production of ROS, a decrease in the antioxidant defenses and a higher pro-inflammatory environment. A significant decrease in the CB1R expression may be a significant contributing factor to the early aging-like changes in diabetes.
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21
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Graczyk M, Lewandowska AA, Dzierżanowski T. The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154551. [PMID: 34361704 PMCID: PMC8347461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant growth of interest in cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.), especially its natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, has been observed recently. This narrative review aimed to present the state of the art of research concerning the anti-inflammatory activity of all classes of cannabinoids published in the last five years. Multimodal properties of cannabinoids include their involvement in immunological processes, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. Cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid compounds of cannabis proved their anti-inflammatory effects in numerous animal models. The research in humans is missing, and the results are unconvincing. Although preclinical evidence suggests cannabinoids are of value in treating chronic inflammatory diseases, the clinical evidence is scarce, and further well-designed clinical trials are essential to determine the prospects for using cannabinoids in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Graczyk
- Department of Palliative Care, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | | | - Tomasz Dzierżanowski
- Laboratory of Palliative Medicine, Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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22
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Scheau C, Caruntu C, Badarau IA, Scheau AE, Docea AO, Calina D, Caruntu A. Cannabinoids and Inflammations of the Gut-Lung-Skin Barrier. J Pers Med 2021; 11:494. [PMID: 34072930 PMCID: PMC8227007 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified great similarities and interferences between the epithelial layers of the digestive tract, the airways and the cutaneous layer. The relationship between these structures seems to implicate signaling pathways, cellular components and metabolic features, and has led to the definition of a gut-lung-skin barrier. Inflammation seems to involve common features in these tissues; therefore, analyzing the similarities and differences in the modulation of its biomarkers can yield significant data promoting a better understanding of the particularities of specific signaling pathways and cellular effects. Cannabinoids are well known for a wide array of beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory properties. This paper aims to explore the effects of natural and synthetic cannabinoids, including the components of the endocannabinoid system, in relation to the inflammation of the gut-lung-skin barrier epithelia. Recent advancements in the use of cannabinoids as anti-inflammatory substances in various disorders of the gut, lungs and skin are detailed. Some studies have reported mixed or controversial results, and these have also been addressed in our paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (C.C.); (I.A.B.)
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (C.C.); (I.A.B.)
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (C.C.); (I.A.B.)
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
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23
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Tijani AO, Thakur D, Mishra D, Frempong D, Chukwunyere UI, Puri A. Delivering therapeutic cannabinoids via skin: Current state and future perspectives. J Control Release 2021; 334:427-451. [PMID: 33964365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adequate evidence exists in the literature indicating a relatively positive shift with regards to the legal acceptance of cannabis and cannabis-derived products for medicinal purposes in some countries. Concomitantly, scientists are showing renewed interest in cannabis-related research work. Over the years, clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic significance of cannabinoids for diverse indications. Additionally, efforts are being made to develop cannabis-related products into acceptable prescription products. FDA authorization for the commercial use of four cannabinoid-derived products, available as oral dosage forms is a significant progress already. However, there are certain drawbacks associated with the conventional delivery forms of cannabinoids. These include low oral bioavailability due to hepatic degradation, gastric instability, poor water solubility, and the side effects experienced upon the use of high doses of psychotropic cannabinoids associated with heightened plasma concentrations of the drug. These are however, limitable with the aid of transcutaneous drug delivery. Emerging topical and transdermal strategies could be exploited for the successful development of highly effective delivery systems for cannabinoids. This review discusses the feasibility of delivering therapeutic cannabinoids via skin and provides a comprehensive account of the supporting research studies that have been reported in the literature till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeemat O Tijani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Divya Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Dhruv Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.
| | - Dorcas Frempong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| | - Umeh I Chukwunyere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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24
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Osafo N, Yeboah OK, Antwi AO. Endocannabinoid system and its modulation of brain, gut, joint and skin inflammation. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3665-3680. [PMID: 33909195 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of endogenous cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 and their endogenous ligands has generated interest in the endocannabinoid system and has contributed to the understanding of the role of the endocannabinoid system. Its role in the normal physiology of the body and its implication in pathological states such as cardiovascular diseases, neoplasm, depression and pain have been subjects of scientific interest. In this review the authors focus on the endogenous cannabinoids, and the critical role of cannabinoid receptor signaling in neurodegeneration and other inflammatory responses such as gut, joint and skin inflammation. This review also discusses the potential of endocannabinoid pathways as drug targets in the amelioration of some inflammatory conditions. Though the exact role of the endocannabinoid system is not fully understood, the evidence found much clearly points to a great potential in exploiting both its central and peripheral pathways in disease management. Cannabinoid therapy has proven promising in several preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newman Osafo
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Oduro K Yeboah
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Aaron O Antwi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Yeroushalmi S, Nelson K, Sparks A, Friedman A. Perceptions and recommendation behaviors of dermatologists for medical cannabis: A pilot survey. Complement Ther Med 2020; 55:102552. [PMID: 33220620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence suggests that cannabinoids may provide therapeutic benefit to patients with dermatologic conditions. The recommendation behaviors of dermatologists with regards to recommending medical cannabis are unknown. We administered a pilot survey to evaluate dermatologists' recommendation behaviors including dermatologic indications and formulation preferences. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was done to sample dermatologists using a 24-question survey. SETTING Online survey through SurveyMonkey® that was distributed via Orlando Dermatology Aesthetic and Clinical Conference's mailing list, including thousands of practicing dermatologists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Descriptive data of dermatologists' recommendation behaviors of medical cannabis are described. Fisher's exact test and Chi-Square tests were used to compare recommendation behaviors by gender, age, years in practice, and residency legality. RESULTS The survey was sent to 7176 individuals; of the 28.7 % who opened the email, 2.2 % completed the survey (N = 145). 91 % of dermatologists were in support of medical cannabis use and 13.8 % have recommended it for a dermatologic condition. Atopic dermatitis (45 %) and psoriasis (40 %) were the most common. The most common form of administration was topical (75 %). The main reasons for not recommending medical cannabis were limited knowledge (56 %) and lack of experience (48 %). CONCLUSIONS Cutaneous inflammatory and pruritic conditions such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis were the most common reasons dermatologists recommended medical cannabis in our survey. Respondents' recommendation patterns may have been limited by limited by lack of knowledge or experience with medical cannabis. The small sample size of our survey limits generalizability to the dermatology field and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Yeroushalmi
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kamaria Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Andrew Sparks
- Department of Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences/Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Adam Friedman
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.
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Proksch E, Soeberdt M, Neumann C, Kilic A, Abels C. Modulators of the endocannabinoid system influence skin barrier repair, epidermal proliferation, differentiation and inflammation in a mouse model. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:1058-1065. [PMID: 31350927 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (ECs) are important regulators of cell signalling. Cannabinoid receptors are involved in keratinocyte proliferation/differentiation. Elevation of the endogenous cannabinoid tone leads to strong anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we explored the influence of endocannabinoid system (ECS) modulators on skin permeability barrier repair, epidermal proliferation, differentiation and inflammation in hairless mice. We used WOBE440, a selective fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, WOL067-531, an inhibitor of endocannabinoid reuptake with no relevant FAAH activity, which both signal via cannabinoid receptor-1 and cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB-1R and CB-2R) and compared them to WOBE15 which signals via CB-2R. Barrier disruption and skin irritation were induced by tape stripping or by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) patch testing. Immediately after barrier disruption, 30 μL of 0.5% WOBE440, WOL067-531 and WOBE15 solutions or the vehicle was applied topically. Barrier repair was monitored by transepidermal water loss at 1.5, 3, 5 and 7 hours. We found that barrier repair was significantly delayed by WOL067-531. A tendency for a delay was noticed for WOBE440, whereas for WOBE15, no effect was observed. Immunohistology showed that the tape-stripping-induced increase in epidermal proliferation and filaggrin expression was significantly reduced by topical applications of WOL067-531 and WOBE440, but not by WOBE15. Also, the SDS-induced inflammation, as determined by the number of inflammatory cells, was reduced by WOL067-531 and WOBE440. In summary, we showed that WOL067-531 exhibits a significant effect on skin barrier repair, epidermal proliferation/differentiation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Neumann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ana Kilic
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
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Zhang T, Qiu J, Wu X, Huang S, Yuan H, Park S. Schizonepeta Tenuifolia with Alpinia Oxyphylla Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis and Improves the Gut Microbiome in Nc/Nga Mice. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E722. [PMID: 32751987 PMCID: PMC7465453 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that may be related to gut microbes. Schizonepeta Tenuifolia Briquet (STB) and Alpinia Oxyphylla Miquel (AOM) has traditionally been used for anti-inflammatory activity. We evaluated the effects of STB, AOM and STB+AOM extracts on 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD skin lesions in Nc/Nga mice and action mechanism was explored. AD lesions were induced in the dorsal skin of Nc/Nga mice by topical application of 1% followed by 0.2% DNCB. After DNCB was applied, the mice had topical applications of either 30% water, 0.01% dexamethasone, 30% STB, 30% AOM, 15% STB + 15% AOM extracts in butylene glycol (BG). Each group was also fed corresponding high-fat diets with 1% dextrin (AD-Con and AD-Positive), 1% STB (AD-STB), 1% AOM (AD-AOM) and 0.5% STB + 0.5% (AD-MIX). Normal-control mice had no DNCB application. The study evaluated the skin AD severity, scratching behavior and weight changes of AD mice for 5 weeks. Compared with AD-Con, AD-STB, AD-AOM and AD-MIX alleviated the clinical AD symptoms (erythema, pruritus, edema, erosion and lichenification and scratching behaviors), normalized immune chemistry (serum IgE concentration, mast cells and eosinophil infiltration), improved skin hyperplasia and enhanced the gut microbiome. AD-STB, AD-AOM, AD-MIX and AD-positive treatments inhibited cutaneous mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-13 and serum IgE concentrations. AD-MIX most effectively reduced clinical AD symptoms and proinflammatory cytokines. AD-Positive also reduced them but serum GOT and GPT concentrations were abnormally high. AD-STB and AD-MIX increased the alpha-diversity of fecal bacteria and reduced the serum acetate concentration, compared to the AD-Con. In conclusion, the mixture of STB and AOM is effective for treating AD symptoms locally and systemically without adverse effects and are potential interventions for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (J.Q.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (H.Y.)
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28
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Cannabinoids in the Pathophysiology of Skin Inflammation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030652. [PMID: 32033005 PMCID: PMC7037408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are increasingly-used substances in the treatment of chronic pain, some neuropsychiatric disorders and more recently, skin disorders with an inflammatory component. However, various studies cite conflicting results concerning the cellular mechanisms involved, while others suggest that cannabinoids may even exert pro-inflammatory behaviors. This paper aims to detail and clarify the complex workings of cannabinoids in the molecular setting of the main dermatological inflammatory diseases, and their interactions with other substances with emerging applications in the treatment of these conditions. Also, the potential role of cannabinoids as antitumoral drugs is explored in relation to the inflammatory component of skin cancer. In vivo and in vitro studies that employed either phyto-, endo-, or synthetic cannabinoids were considered in this paper. Cannabinoids are regarded with growing interest as eligible drugs in the treatment of skin inflammatory conditions, with potential anticancer effects, and the readiness in monitoring of effects and the facility of topical application may contribute to the growing support of the use of these substances. Despite the promising early results, further controlled human studies are required to establish the definitive role of these products in the pathophysiology of skin inflammation and their usefulness in the clinical setting.
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Avila C, Massick S, Kaffenberger BH, Kwatra SG, Bechtel M. Cannabinoids for the treatment of chronic pruritus: A review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 82:1205-1212. [PMID: 31987788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Medical marijuana is becoming widely available to patients in the United States, and with recreational marijuana now legalized in many states, patient interest is on the rise. The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in skin homeostasis in addition to broader effects on neurogenic responses such as pruritus and nociception, inflammation, and immune reactions. Numerous studies of in vitro and animal models have provided insight into the possible mechanisms of cannabinoid modulation on pruritus, with the most evidence behind neuronal modulation of peripheral itch fibers and centrally acting cannabinoid receptors. In addition, human studies, although limited due to differences in the cannabinoids used, disease models, and delivery method, have consistently shown significant reductions in both scratching and symptoms in chronic pruritus. Clinical studies have shown a reduction in pruritus in several dermatologic (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, asteatotic eczema, prurigo nodularis, and allergic contact dermatitis) and systemic (uremic pruritus and cholestatic pruritus) diseases. These preliminary human studies warrant controlled trials to confirm the benefit of cannabinoids for treatment of pruritus and to standardize treatment regimens and indications. In patients who have refractory chronic pruritus after standard therapies, cannabinoid formulations may be considered as an adjuvant therapy where it is legal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Avila
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Susan Massick
- Division of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Division of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark Bechtel
- Division of Dermatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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Kim HY, Ahn SH, Yang IJ, Park SY, Kim K. Effect of Hataedock Treatment on Epidermal Structure Maintenance through Intervention in the Endocannabinoid System. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:3605153. [PMID: 32063982 PMCID: PMC6998750 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3605153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Hataedock (HTD) on skin barrier maintenance through the endocannabinoid system (ECS) intervention in Dermatophagoides farinae-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) NC/Nga mice. Douchi (fermented Glycine max Merr.) extracts prepared for HTD were orally administered to NC/Nga mice at a 20 mg/kg dose. Then, Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DfE) was applied to induce AD-like skin lesions during the 4th-6th and 8th-10th weeks. Changes in the epidermal structure of the mice were observed by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL assay. The results showed that HTD significantly reduced the clinical scores (p < 0.01) and effectively alleviated the histological features. In the experimental groups, increased expression of cannabinoid receptor type (CB) 1, CB2, and G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) and distribution of filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin, and longevity assurance homolog 2 (Lass2) indicated that HTD maintained the epidermal barrier through intervening in the ECS. The expression of E-cadherin and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) was increased, and the levels of cluster of differentiation 1a (CD1A) were low. Moreover, the apoptosis of inflammatory cells was elevated. The production of phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK), phosphorylated c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) was low, and epidermal thickness was decreased. Besides, the expression levels of involucrin were measured by treating genistein, an active ingredient of Douchi extract, and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), one of the ECS agonists. The results showed that genistein had a better lipid barrier formation effect than PEA. In conclusion, HTD alleviates the symptoms of AD by maintaining skin homeostasis, improving skin barrier formation, and downregulating inflammation, through ECS intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yeon Kim
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Geumo-ro 20, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-hyun Ahn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Semyung-ro 65, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdae-ro 123, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Semyung-ro 65, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibong Kim
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Geumo-ro 20, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
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31
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Abstract
Cannabis is increasingly being used world-wide to treat a variety of dermatological conditions. Medicinal cannabis is currently legalized in Canada, 31 states in America and 19 countries in Europe. The authors reviewed the literature on the pharmacology and use of cannabinoids in treating a variety of skin conditions including acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, skin cancer, pruritus, and pain. Cannabinoids have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, anti-ageing, and antimalignancy properties by various mechanisms including interacting with the newly found endocannabinoid system of the skin thereby providing a promising alternative to traditional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J Lin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Dubin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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32
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Kake T, Imai M, Takahashi N. Effects of β‐carotene on oxazolone‐induced atopic dermatitis in hairless mice. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1044-1050. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Kake
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry Institute of Medicinal Chemistry Hoshi University Shinagawa, Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiko Imai
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry Institute of Medicinal Chemistry Hoshi University Shinagawa, Tokyo Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry Institute of Medicinal Chemistry Hoshi University Shinagawa, Tokyo Japan
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33
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Abstract
Recently, cannabis, or its major constituent cannabidiol (CBD), has emerged as an attractive cosmetic ingredient. Initiated as a basic investigation of the physiological roles of cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands, endocannabinoids’ diverse potential benefits have been proposed for using cannabinoid receptor modulating compounds in skin health. Improvement in skin barrier functions, alleviating inflammatory responses, and the relief of itching sensations are some commonly expected therapeutic benefits, which have been supported by many in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. While hemp seed oils or hemp extracts might be used for the cosmetic formulation, the potential for contamination with a psychoactive cannabinoid, such as 9-THC, should be carefully checked. Instead of using hemp-derived ingredients, the use of cannabinomimetics, synthetic ligands on cannabinoid receptors, or entourage compounds (which modulate intracellular synthesis and the degradation of endocannabinoids), have been tried. In this review, a brief introduction of the epidermal endocannabinoid system (EES) and its physiological roles will be followed by a review of the cosmetic and dermatologic application of cannabinomimetics and entourage compounds. The practical application of newly developed endocannabinomimetics will be discussed as well.
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34
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Milando R, Friedman A. Cannabinoids: Potential Role in Inflammatory and Neoplastic Skin Diseases. Am J Clin Dermatol 2019; 20:167-180. [PMID: 30542832 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-018-0410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is a complex and nearly ubiquitous network of endogenous ligands, enzymes, and receptors that can also be stimulated by exogenous compounds such as those derived from the marijuana plant, Cannabis sativa. Recent data have shown that the endocannabinoid system is fully functional in the skin and is responsible for maintaining many aspects of skin homeostasis, such as proliferation, differentiation, and release of inflammatory mediators. Because of its role in regulating these key processes, the endocannabinoid system has been studied for its modulating effects on both inflammatory disorders of the skin and skin cancer. Although legal restrictions on marijuana as a Schedule I drug in the USA have made studying cannabinoid compounds unfavorable, an increasing number of studies and clinical trials have focused on the therapeutic uses of cannabinoids. This review seeks to summarize the current, and rapidly expanding field of research on the broad potential uses of cannabinoids in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Milando
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam Friedman
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University Medical Faculty Associates, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 2B-430, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
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35
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Tóth KF, Ádám D, Bíró T, Oláh A. Cannabinoid Signaling in the Skin: Therapeutic Potential of the "C(ut)annabinoid" System. Molecules 2019; 24:E918. [PMID: 30845666 PMCID: PMC6429381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has lately been proven to be an important, multifaceted homeostatic regulator, which influences a wide-variety of physiological processes all over the body. Its members, the endocannabinoids (eCBs; e.g., anandamide), the eCB-responsive receptors (e.g., CB₁, CB₂), as well as the complex enzyme and transporter apparatus involved in the metabolism of the ligands were shown to be expressed in several tissues, including the skin. Although the best studied functions over the ECS are related to the central nervous system and to immune processes, experimental efforts over the last two decades have unambiguously confirmed that cutaneous cannabinoid ("c[ut]annabinoid") signaling is deeply involved in the maintenance of skin homeostasis, barrier formation and regeneration, and its dysregulation was implicated to contribute to several highly prevalent diseases and disorders, e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, acne, hair growth and pigmentation disorders, keratin diseases, various tumors, and itch. The current review aims to give an overview of the available skin-relevant endo- and phytocannabinoid literature with a special emphasis on the putative translational potential, and to highlight promising future research directions as well as existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Fanni Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Dorottya Ádám
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- HCEMM Nonprofit Ltd., 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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36
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The endocannabinoid system of the skin. A potential approach for the treatment of skin disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 157:122-133. [PMID: 30138623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body and has a complex and very active structure that contributes to homeostasis and provides the first line defense against injury and infection. In the past few years it has become evident that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a relevant role in healthy and diseased skin. Specifically, we review how the dysregulation of ECS has been associated to dermatological disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma and skin cancer. Therefore, the druggability of the ECS could open new research avenues for the treatment of the pathologies mentioned. Numerous studies have reported that phytocannabinoids and their biological analogues modulate a complex network pharmacology involved in the modulation of ECS, focusing on classical cannabinoid receptors, transient receptor potential channels (TRPs), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The combined targeting of several end-points seems critical to provide better chances of therapeutically success, in sharp contrast to the one-disease-one-target dogma that permeates current drug discovery campaigns.
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37
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Park BM, Bak SS, Shin KO, Kim M, Kim D, Jung SH, Jeong S, Sung YK, Kim HJ. Promotion of hair growth by newly synthesized ceramide mimetic compound. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:173-177. [PMID: 28711498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on the crucial roles of ceramides in skin barrier function, use of ceramides or their structural mimetic compounds, pseudoceramides, as cosmetic ingredients are getting more popular. While currently used pseudoceramides are intended to substitute the structural roles of ceramides in stratum corneum, development of bioactive pseudoceramides has been repeatedly reported. In this study, based on the potential involvement of sphingolipids in hair cycle regulation, we investigated the effects of newly synthesized pseudoceramide, bis-oleamido isopropyl alcohol (BOI), on hair growth using cultured human hair follicles and animal models. BOI treatment promoted hair growth in cultured human hair follicles ex vivo and induced earlier conversion of telogen into anagen. Although we did not find a significant enhancement of growth factor expression and follicular cell proliferation, BOI treatment resulted in an increased sphinganine and sphingosine contents as well as increased ceramides contents in cultured dermal papilla (DP) cells. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that biologically active pseudoceramide promotes hair growth by stimulating do novo synthesis of sphingolipids in DP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Mahn Park
- CRID Center, NeoPharm Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Bak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Oh Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- CRID Center, NeoPharm Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehwan Kim
- CRID Center, NeoPharm Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sekyoo Jeong
- Department of Bio-Cosmetic Science, Seowon University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kwan Sung
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Atopy and Asthma Center Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Mounessa JS, Siegel JA, Dunnick CA, Dellavalle RP. The role of cannabinoids in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 77:188-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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