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Kumar R, Guleria A, Padwad YS, Srivatsan V, Yadav SK. Smart proteins as a new paradigm for meeting dietary protein sufficiency of India: a critical review on the safety and sustainability of different protein sources. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-50. [PMID: 39011754 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2367564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
India, a global leader in agriculture, faces sustainability challenges in feeding its population. Although primarily a vegetarian population, the consumption of animal derived proteins has tremendously increased in recent years. Excessive dependency on animal proteins is not environmentally sustainable, necessitating the identification of alternative smart proteins. Smart proteins are environmentally benign and mimic the properties of animal proteins (dairy, egg and meat) and are derived from plant proteins, microbial fermentation, insects and cell culture meat (CCM) processes. This review critically evaluates the technological, safety, and sustainability challenges involved in production of smart proteins and their consumer acceptance from Indian context. Under current circumstances, plant-based proteins are most favorable; however, limited land availability and impending climate change makes them unsustainable in the long run. CCM is unaffordable with high input costs limiting its commercialization in near future. Microbial-derived proteins could be the most sustainable option for future owing to higher productivity and ability to grow on low-cost substrates. A circular economy approach integrating agri-horti waste valorization and C1 substrate synthesis with microbial biomass production offer economic viability. Considering the use of novel additives and processing techniques, evaluation of safety, allergenicity, and bioavailability of smart protein products is necessary before large-scale adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Kumar
- Applied Phycology and Food Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditi Guleria
- Applied Phycology and Food Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Yogendra S Padwad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Protein Processing Centre, Dietetics, and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vidyashankar Srivatsan
- Applied Phycology and Food Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Knežić T, Avramov M, Tatić V, Petrović M, Gadjanski I, Popović ŽD. Insects as a Prospective Source of Biologically Active Molecules and Pharmaceuticals-Biochemical Properties and Cell Toxicity of Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio Cell-Free Larval Hemolymph. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7491. [PMID: 39000598 PMCID: PMC11242118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Insects are of great interest as novel sources of alternative proteins and biologically active compounds, primarily anticancer agents. Protein-rich insect larval hemolymph is a prospective candidate for pharmaceutical and food industry-related research. In this study, selected biochemical properties and cell toxicity of larval hemolymph from two mealworm species, Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio, were analyzed. Total proteins and carbohydrates, antioxidant capacity, and the level of lipid peroxidation were determined. Human cancer (U-87) and normometabolic (MRC-5) cells were treated with different concentrations of larval hemolymph proteins, and the effects on cell viability were assayed 24, 48, and 72 h after treatments. Z. morio hemolymph was shown to be richer in total proteins, showing a higher antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation level than T. molitor hemolymph, which was richer in total carbohydrates. Cytotoxicity assays showed that T. molitor and Z. morio hemolymphs differently affect the viability of U-87 and MRC-5 cells in cell type-, dose-, and time-dependent manners. Hemolymph from both species was more cytotoxic to U-87 cells than to MRC-5 cells, which was particularly prominent after 48 h. Additionally, a more potent cytotoxic effect of Z. morio hemolymph was observed on both cell lines, likely due to its higher antioxidant capacity, compared to T. molitor hemolymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Knežić
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Miloš Avramov
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (V.T.)
| | - Vanja Tatić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (V.T.)
| | - Miloš Petrović
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Ivana Gadjanski
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Željko D. Popović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (V.T.)
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Liang Z, Zhu Y, Leonard W, Fang Z. Recent advances in edible insect processing technologies. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114137. [PMID: 38519159 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Alternative foods have emerged as one of the hot research topics aiming at alleviating food shortage. Insects are one of the alternative foods due to their rich nutrients. Processing is a critical step to develop insect foods, while there is a lack of comprehensive reviews to summarize the main studies. This review aims to demonstrate different processing methods in terms of their impact on insect nutrition and their potential risks. Heat treatments such as boiling and blanching show a negative effect on insect nutrition, but essential to assure food safety. Insects treated by high-pressure hydrostatic technology (HPP) and cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) can achieve a similar sterilization effect but retain the nutritional and sensory properties. Drying is a practical processing method for industrial insect production, where oven drying serves as a cost-effective method yielding products comparable in quality to freeze-dried ones. In terms of extraction technology, supercritical carbon dioxide and ultrasound-assisted technology can improve the extraction efficiency of proteins and lipids from insects, enhance the production of composite insect-fortified foods, and thus facilitate the development of the insect food industry. To address the widespread negative perceptions and low acceptance towards insect foods among consumers, the primary development direction of the insect food industry may involve creating composite fortified foods and extracting insect-based food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Liang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yijin Zhu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Institute of Agro-Products Processing, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 65022, China
| | - William Leonard
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Kolobe SD, Manyelo TG, Malematja E, Sebola NA, Mabelebele M. Fats and major fatty acids present in edible insects utilised as food and livestock feed. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 22:100312. [PMID: 37736572 PMCID: PMC10509705 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Common food sources including meat, fish and vegetables are the main source of fats and fatty acids required by human body. Edible insects such as worms, locusts, termites, crickets and flies have also been identified as a potential source of essential fatty acids since they are highly documented to be rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as α-linolenic and linoleic acids which are vital for the normal functioning of the body. The approval of insects as edible food by the European Union has sparked research interest in their potential to form part of human and animal diets due to their abundant protein, amino acids, fats, and minerals. However, little attention has been given to the importance and health benefits of lipids and fatty acids present in edible insects consumed by human and animals. This article aims to review the biological significance of essential fatty acids found in edible insects. The accumulation of fats and essential fatty acids present in edible insects were identified and described based on recommended levels required in human diets. Furthermore, the health benefits associated with insect oils as well as different processing techniques that could influence the quality of fats and fatty acid in edible insects were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekobane Daniel Kolobe
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Tlou Grace Manyelo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Malematja
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - Monnye Mabelebele
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, 1710, South Africa
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Zielińska E, Pankiewicz U. The Potential for the Use of Edible Insects in the Production of Protein Supplements for Athletes. Foods 2023; 12:3654. [PMID: 37835307 PMCID: PMC10573045 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several types of proteins are used in athletes' supplementation; nevertheless, given the problem of protein deficiency in the world and the growing need for ecological sources of protein, it is very interesting to study the quality of alternative protein sources, such as insect protein. This study investigated the nutritional value, micronutrient content, amino acid profile, and chemical score of banded cricket protein quality in the form of flour, defatted flour, and a protein preparation, as well as popular commercial protein supplements. In addition, in vitro digestion was performed, and the antiradical activity of the hydrolysates was compared. Generally, the defatted cricket flour was the most similar to commercial supplements regarding nutritional value because it contained 73.68% protein. Furthermore, the defatted flour was abundant in essential minerals, such as iron (4.59 mg/100 g d.w.), zinc (19.01 mg/100 g d.w.), and magnesium (89.74 mg/100 g d.w.). However, the protein preparation had an amino acid profile more similar to that of commercial supplements (total content of 694 mg/g protein). The highest antiradical activity against ABTS·+ was noted for the defatted flour (0.901 mM TE/100 g) and against DPPH· for the cricket flour (2.179 mM TE/100 g). Therefore, cricket can be considered an organic protein source for the production of valuable protein supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Zielińska
- Department of Analysis and Food Quality Assessment, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8 Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
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Ma Z, Mondor M, Goycoolea Valencia F, Hernández-Álvarez AJ. Current state of insect proteins: extraction technologies, bioactive peptides and allergenicity of edible insect proteins. Food Funct 2023; 14:8129-8156. [PMID: 37656123 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02865h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to provide an updated overview of edible insect proteins and the bioactivity of insect-derived peptides. The essential amino acid content of edible insects is compared with well-known protein sources to demonstrate that edible insects have the potential to cover the protein quality requirements for different groups of the population. Then the current methodologies for insect protein extraction are summarized including a comparison of the protein extraction yield and the final protein content of the resulting products for each method. Furthermore, in order to improve our understanding of insect proteins, their functional properties (such as solubility, foaming capacity, emulsifying, gelation, water holding capacity and oil holding capacity) are discussed. Bioactive peptides can be released according to various enzymatic hydrolysis protocols. In this context, the bioactive properties of insect peptides (antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties) have been discussed. However, the allergens present in insect proteins are still a major concern and an unsolved issue for insect-based product consumption; thus, an analysis of cross reactivity and the different methods available to reduce allergenicity are proposed. Diverse studies of insect protein hydrolysates/peptides have been ultimately promoting the utilization of insect proteins for future perspectives and the emerging processing technologies to enhance the wider utilization of insect proteins for different purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Ma
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Martin Mondor
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 8E3, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Hu Z, Li H, Liu S, Xue R, Sun J, Ji H. Assessment of black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as a potential substitute for soybean meal on growth performance and flesh quality of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:425-449. [PMID: 37649678 PMCID: PMC10463206 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as a replacement for soybean meal (SM) on growth performance and flesh quality of grass carp. A total of 420 grass carp (299.93 ± 0.85 g) were randomly divided into 7 groups (triplicate) and fed 7 diets with SM substitution of 0% (SM, control), 15% (BSFLM15), 30% (BSFLM30), 45% (BSFLM45), 60% (BSFLM60), 75% (BSFLM75) and 100% (BSFLM100) by BSFLM. The growth performance of grass carp in the BSFLM75 and BSFLM100 groups were significantly lower compared to other groups (P < 0.05). The mid-gut villus height was the lowest in the BSFLM100 group (P < 0.05). Muscle nutritional value was improved due to increased DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), total HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acids) and glycine levels, and reached the optimum in the BSFLM100 group (P < 0.05). According to the results of principal component analysis and weight analysis of muscle texture and body color, all the BSFLM diets except BSFLM15 could improve muscle texture and body color and reached the optimum level in the BSFLM100 group. Muscle drip loss and hypoxanthine content were the lowest and muscle antioxidant capacity was the highest in the BSFLM75 group, and water- and salt-soluble protein contents reached the optimum level in the BSFLM60 group (P < 0.05). Dietary BSFLM significantly reduced muscle fiber area and diameter, and increased muscle fiber density and the proportion of small fiber (diameter <20 μm) (P < 0.05). Additionally, sarcomere lengths in the BSFLM75 and BSFLM100 groups were significantly higher than that in the SM group (P < 0.05). The mRNA relative expression levels of MyoD, Myf5, MyHC and FGF6b were remarkably up-regulated at an appropriate dietary BSFLM level (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BSFLM could replace up to 60% SM without an adverse effect on growth performance and improve the flesh quality of grass carp. The optimum levels of dietary BSFLM were 71.0 and 69.1 g/kg diet based on the final body weight and feed conversion ratio. The flesh quality was optimal when dietary SM was completely replaced with BSFLM (227 g/kg diet).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sha Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongrong Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Singh SK, Pawar L, Thomas AJ, Debbarma R, Biswas P, Ningombam A, Devi AG, Waikhom G, Patel AB, Meena DK, Chakraborty G. The current state of research and potential applications of insects for resource recovery and aquaculture feed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29068-6. [PMID: 37556060 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about fishmeal use and its ecological footprints must be addressed for the aquaculture industry to move on as a sustainable food production sector. Through recent research outcomes, the insect-based meals in fish diets have promise and harnessed promises for commercial applications. In this midst, the efficiency of the selected insects in valorizing biological waste, as well as the nutritional profile of the harvested insects for use in fish diets, will be the driving forces behind such an approach. More extensive research has been published on the suitability of the waste substrate, the nutritional profiling of the meals, the level of substitution, the effects on growth, the immune physiology, and the flesh quality of the animals. Previously, there are only a few reviews available in insect protein applications in aqua feed that focused particularly on the nutritional quality and substitution levels. Considering the dearth of available work, the goal of this review is to provide a more comprehensive account of the resource recovery potential of insects and its derivatives, with a special emphasis on quality as determined by substrate used and processing techniques. Suggestions and policy implications for a sustainable approach to achieving a circular bio-economy of insect farming and its application in aquaculture are discussed for progression and advancement of the existing state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soibam Khogen Singh
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura West, 799210, India.
| | - Lokesh Pawar
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura West, 799210, India
| | - Akhil Joe Thomas
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura West, 799210, India
| | - Reshmi Debbarma
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura West, 799210, India
| | - Pradyut Biswas
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura West, 799210, India
| | - Arati Ningombam
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, 795004, Manipur, India
| | - Ayam Gangarani Devi
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura Centre, Lembucherra, Tripura West, 799210, India
| | - Gusheinzed Waikhom
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura West, 799210, India
| | - Arun Bhai Patel
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Tripura West, 799210, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Meena
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Gunimala Chakraborty
- NITTE University Centre for Science Education & Research, Mangalore, 575018, India
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Fashakin OO, Tangjaidee P, Unban K, Klangpetch W, Khumsap T, Sringarm K, Rawdkuen S, Phongthai S. Isolation and Identification of Antioxidant Peptides Derived from Cricket ( Gryllus bimaculatus) Protein Fractions. INSECTS 2023; 14:674. [PMID: 37623384 PMCID: PMC10455153 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Crickets contain high protein content that can be used to improve nutrition but are less exploited. This study was conducted to isolate different Cricket Protein Fractions including albumin, globulin, glutelin, and prolamin. All fractions were characterized and hydrolyzed by commercial enzymes. The results showed that the glutelin fractions had the highest extraction yields with 53.9 ± 2.12% (p < 0.05). Moreover, glutelin hydrolysate fraction prepared by Alcalase with a 16.35 ±0.29% hydrolysis degree was selected for further purification because of their high antioxidant activities, including ABTS radical-scavenging activity (0.44-0.55 µmol Trolox eq./g) and metal chelating activity (1721.99-1751.71 µmol EDTA eq./g). Two active fractions, GA-1 (<3 kDa) and GA-2 (<3 kDa), were collected from the consecutive purification of glutelin hydrolysates, which included processes such as membrane ultrafiltration and gel filtration. The fractions were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to obtain 10 peptides with 3-13 amino acids identified as TEAPLNPK, EVGA, KLL, TGNLPGAAHPLLL, AHLLT, LSPLYE, AGVL, VAAV, VAGL, and QLL with a molecular weight range of 359.23-721.37 Da in the two fractions. The amino acid sequence shows a prevalence of hydrophobic amino acids (50-100%) such as valine and leucine in the peptide chains, accounting for its high antioxidant activity. In conclusion, cricket glutelin hydrolysate prepared by Alcalase can serve as an alternative source of potent edible bioactive peptides in functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumide Oluwatoyosi Fashakin
- Master’s Degree Program in Food Science and Technology (International Program), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Pipat Tangjaidee
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.T.); (K.U.); (W.K.); (T.K.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Kridsada Unban
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.T.); (K.U.); (W.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Wannaporn Klangpetch
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.T.); (K.U.); (W.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Tabkrich Khumsap
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.T.); (K.U.); (W.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Korawan Sringarm
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Saroat Rawdkuen
- Unit of Innovative Food Packaging and Biomaterials, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Suphat Phongthai
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (P.T.); (K.U.); (W.K.); (T.K.)
- The Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
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Grzelczyk J, Gałązka-Czarnecka I, Oracz J. Potentiality Assessment of the Acetylcholinesterase-Inhibitory Activity of Olive Oil with an Additive Edible Insect Powder. Molecules 2023; 28:5535. [PMID: 37513405 PMCID: PMC10386343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible insects (Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer, Gryllus campestris, Tenebrio molitor, Chorthippus biguttulus) are rich in nutrients that potentially inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), but also improve cognition. The aim of this study was to evaluate four varied species of freeze-dried edible insects (purchased from a store); their nutrient composition, including fat, total phenolic compounds, vitamins, and antioxidant properties; and the potential inhibitory effect of AChE. An additional goal was to obtain olive oil with the addition of edible insects. Such oil was characterized by high oxidizing properties and showed high affinity to AChE. The results showed that mealworms and grasshoppers had the highest content of fats (PUFA/SFA) and phenolic compounds. These insects also showed a high content of vitamins, which correlated with the highest affinity for AChE. Therefore, they were added as a functional additive to olive oil. Olive oil with the addition of edible insects showed a higher affinity for AChE and enriched the olive oil with vitamin C and B vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Grzelczyk
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ilona Gałązka-Czarnecka
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Oracz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
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Lin H, Liang X, Han F, Luo X, Li E. Growth, Biochemical Characteristics, Flesh Quality, and Gut Microbiota of the Pacific White Shrimp ( Penaeus vannamei) Fed a Defatted Superworm ( Zophobas atratus) Larvae Meal. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:8627246. [PMID: 37457792 PMCID: PMC10349680 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8627246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of defatted superworm (Zophobas atratus) larvae meal (DBWLM) as an alternative protein ingredient for juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were characterized by replacing 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, and 75% fish meal (DBWLM0, DBWLM15, DBWLM30, DBWLM45, DBWLM60, and DBWLM75, respectively) with DBWLM on a w/w basis and feeding them to juvenile shrimp (0.34 ± 0.04 g) for 56 days. The results showed that the replacement of up to 75% fish meal by DBWLM had no negative effect on the growth performance of P. vannamei. The survival of shrimp in the DBWLM30 group was the highest, and the weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, condition factor, and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter in the DBWLM15 group were the highest. The substitution of DBWLM for fish meal significantly increased the elasticity of flesh, improved the total content of umami amino acids in flesh (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine), promoted lipid metabolism in shrimp, and reduced serum lipid levels. With the increase in DBWLM level, serum acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase activity, and intestinal inflammatory gene expression (IGF-1 and IL-6) were inhibited, malondialdehyde content decreased, and total antioxidant capacity level and superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly. Histological sections of the hepatopancreas showed that when 60% or more fish meal was replaced, the hepatopancreas atrophied and had irregular lumen distortion, but the cell membrane was not damaged. Microbiome analysis showed that the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes increased and the abundance of Proteobacteria decreased in the DBWLM replacement group, and it was rich in "metabolism"-related functional pathways. It is worth mentioning that the expression of amino-acid-related enzymes was upregulated in the DBWLM15 and DBWLM30 groups, and the DBWLM75 group inhibited the biosynthesis of steroids and hormones. To conclude, the replacement of 15%-45% fish meal with DBWLM can result in better growth and immune status, improved meat elasticity, and reduced inflammation in P. vannamei. However, it is recommended that the replacement level should not exceed 60%, otherwise it will cause atrophy of hepatopancreas cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Fenglu Han
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xiaolong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Erchao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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12
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Luparelli AV, Miguéns-Gómez A, Ardévol A, Sforza S, Caligiani A, Pinent M. Inhibition of DPP-IV Activity and Stimulation of GLP-1 Release by Gastrointestinally Digested Black Soldier Fly Prepupae. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102027. [PMID: 37238845 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of an insect-based diet on human health and, in particular, the regulatory ability of digested insects' proteins on the glycaemic response in humans are topics that need to be investigated deeper. In this work, we performed an in vitro study on the modulatory activity of gastrointestinal digested black soldier fly (BSF) prepupae on the enterohormone GLP-1 and its natural inhibitor, DPP-IV. We verified whether actions intended to valorise the starting insect biomass, i.e., insect-optimised growth substrates and prior fermentation, can positively impact human health. Our results highlight that the digested BSF proteins from all the prepupae samples had a high stimulatory and inhibitory ability on the GLP-1 secretion and the DPP-IV enzyme in the human GLUTag cell line. Gastrointestinal digestion significantly improved the DPP-IV inhibitory capacity of the whole insect protein. Moreover, it was seen that optimised diets or fermentation processes preceding the digestion, in any case, did not positively affect the efficacy of the answer. BSF was already considered one of the edible insects more suitable for human consumption for its optimal nutritional profile. The BSF bioactivity here shown, after simulated digestion, on glycaemic control systems makes this species even more promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Valentina Luparelli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 49/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alba Miguéns-Gómez
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 49/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Augusta Caligiani
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 49/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Department de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo n 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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13
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Akande OA, Oluwamukomi M, Osundahunsi OF, Ijarotimi OS, Mukisa IM. Evaluating the potential for utilising migratory locust powder ( Locusta migratoria) as an alternative protein source in peanut-based ready-to-use therapeutic foods. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023; 29:204-216. [PMID: 35040705 DOI: 10.1177/10820132211069773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at exploring the possibility of substituting powdered milk (PM) with migratory locust powder (MLP) as a cheap and sustainable alternative protein source in peanut-based ready-to-use therapeutic foods used in treatment of malnutrition. The migratory locust is a wide spread and underutilised high protein edible insect. Peanut-based ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) were formulated according to the MSF/UNICEF 2013 nutritional standards. Milk powder was substituted with MLP at 5-30% levels. RUTF containing 30% milk powder was used as the control. Nutritional, antioxidant and antinutrients composition of the insect-enriched RUTFs were compared with RUTF containing milk powder only and a standard. The protein content of the insect-enriched RUTFs ranged from 19.58-26.38% exceeding the MSF/UNICEF minimum standard for protein. RUTF with 10% PM and 20% MLP had the highest (p < 0.05) mineral contents. All formulations had more thiamine (vitamin B1) than the recommended level of 0.5 mg/100 g. Niacin (Vitamin B3) was the most abundant vitamin in the formulations with considerable amounts of vitamin D and E. All MLP-enriched RUTFs met the FAO 2011 standard requirements for amino acids for children aged six months to three years. Therapeutic food with 30% MLP had the highest radical scavenging ability against DPPH, and iron chelating activity. Levels of phytate and tannin were below the tolerable limits. Therefore, MLP can be used as a low-cost substitute for milk powder in producing ready-to-use therapeutic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide Abigael Akande
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 107738Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Matthew Oluwamukomi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 107738Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatooyin Faramade Osundahunsi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 107738Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwole Steve Ijarotimi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 107738Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ivan Muzira Mukisa
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bioengineering, 58588Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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14
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Sarkar P, Pecorelli A, Woodby B, Pambianchi E, Ferrara F, Duary RK, Valacchi G. Evaluation of Anti-Oxinflammatory and ACE-Inhibitory Properties of Protein Hydrolysates Obtained from Edible Non-Mulberry Silkworm Pupae (Antheraea assama and Philosomia ricinii). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041035. [PMID: 36839393 PMCID: PMC9964498 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-derived bioactive peptides (BAPs) obtained from edible insect-protein hold multiple activities promising the potential to target complex pathological mechanisms responsible for chronic health conditions such as hypertension development. In this study, enzymatic protein hydrolysates from non-mulberry edible silkworm Antheraea assama (Muga) and Philosomia ricini (Eri) pupae, specifically Alcalase (A. assama) and Papain (P. ricini) hydrolysates obtained after 60 and 240 min, exhibited the highest ACE-inhibitory and antioxidant properties. The hydrolysates' fractions (<3, 3-10 and >10 kDa), specifically Alc_M60min_F3 (≤3 kDa) and Pap_E240min_F3 (≤3 kDa), showed the highest antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities, respectively. Further RP-HPLC purified sub-fractions F4 and F6 showed the highest ACE inhibition as well as potent anti-oxinflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated endothelial cells. Indeed, F4 and F6 ACE-inhibitory peptide fractions were effective in preventing p65 nuclear translocation after 3 h of LPS stimulation along with the inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation in HUVEC cells. In addition, pretreatment with F4 and F6 ACE-inhibitory peptide fractions significantly prevented the LPS-induced upregulation of COX-2 expression and IL-1β secretion, while the expression of NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)-regulated enzymes such as HO-1 and NQO1 was induced by both peptide fractions. The derived peptides from edible pupae protein hydrolysates have potentialities to be explored as nutritional approaches against hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sarkar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Brittany Woodby
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Erika Pambianchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raj Kumar Duary
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India
- Department of Dairy Science & Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (R.K.D.); (G.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (R.K.D.); (G.V.)
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15
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Yong HI, Kim TK, Cha JY, Lee JH, Kang MC, Jung S, Yun-Sang C. Effects of edible insect extracts on the antioxidant, physiochemical, and microbial properties of Tteokgalbi during refrigerated storage. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Oh E, Park WJ, Kim Y. Effects of Tenebrio molitor larvae and its protein derivatives on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of tofu. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Villaseñor VM, Navat Enriquez-Vara J, Urías-Silva JE, del Carmen Lugo-Cervantes E, Luna-Vital DA, Mojica L. Mexican grasshopper (Sphenarium purpurascens) as source of high protein flour: Techno-functional characterization, and in silico and in vitro biological potential. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Safety Assessment of Locusta migratoria Powder Enriched Peanut-Based Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTF). ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Migratory locust has been widely reported as a quality protein source. However, there are food safety problems related with the usage of insects as food. In this study, migratory locust powder (MLP) was used as a protein supply alternative to milk powder (MP) in peanut-based RUTFs. Seven formulations were obtained at different substitution levels (0 – 30%) of MP with MLP. Pesticide residues, aflatoxins, triazine and toxic metals were analysed using a GC-MS system and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Formulation with 30% MLP and without milk have the highest level of organochlorine (3.22 µg/kg), organophosphorus (0.40-4.56µg/kg) amongst others. Aflatoxins of the therapeutic foods increased with increasing levels of MLP. The heavy metals, melamine, and cyanuric acid of the RUTFs were below the standard permissible limits. Migratory locust powder could be used as an alternate protein source in the formulation of peanut based RUTFs without posing health threat.
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19
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Grzelczyk J, Oracz J, Gałązka-Czarnecka I. Quality Assessment of Waste from Olive Oil Production and Design of Biodegradable Packaging. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233776. [PMID: 36496585 PMCID: PMC9740201 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of olive pomace from olive oil production is still insufficient. The lingering olive pomace is harmful to the environment. On the other hand, the world is increasingly polluted with plastic or by-products from the production of biodegradable products. Considering these two problems, the aim of this work was to develop a mixture and create biodegradable disposable tableware characterized by high antioxidant activity. The disposable tableware was made by mixing olive pomace with teff flour or/and sorghum groats and lecithin. Baking was carried out at the temperature of 180 °C. The best variant of the mixture for the preparation of disposable tableware was olive pomace, teff flour, sorghum groats and lecithin. These vessels were the toughest, with low water absorption and had a high antioxidant potential due to the high content of polyphenols and omega acids. Protecting the cups and bowls with beeswax had a positive effect on reducing water absorption.
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20
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Marín-Morales MS, Ibarra-Herrera CC, Luna-Vital DA, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Guerrero-Analco JA. Biological activity of extracts and hydrolysates from early- and adult-stage edible grasshopper Sphenarium purpurascens. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1028543. [PMID: 36438774 PMCID: PMC9685161 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1028543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible insects have become a promising food source because they are rich in protein, fatty acids, minerals, among others. In recent years, edible insects have been proposed to be used as innovative functional ingredients in terms of biological activity. The present study aimed to determine and compare biological activities of the extracts and hydrolysates obtained from early- and adult-stage edible grasshoppers Sphenarium purpurascens to evaluate their potential as a source of bioactive compounds. Proximal analyses showed that in adult grasshoppers (AGs), the percentage of protein (48.9% ± 1.2), crude fat (13.1% ± 0.09), and chitin (15.6% ± 0.81) was significantly higher than early grasshoppers (EGs) (42.2% ± 0.55, 9.35% ± 0.08, and 10.5% ± 0.15, respectively). Total phenolic compounds, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) free radical scavenging were analyzed and reported. Enzymatic hydrolysis increased the concentration of total phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant capacity (up to 252.78 mM trolox). Once fractionated by ultrafiltration, the fraction that presented the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH• and ABTS•+ was that with molecules ≤ 10 kDa. Furthermore, the bioaccessibility of the samples was analyzed by in vitro protein digestion using a multienzymatic method, and a recovery index (RI) was reported. Extracts and hydrolysates were analyzed by UPLC-MS, and this allowed the identification of phenolic acids and flavonoids. The results obtained in this work suggest that the grasshopper can be used as a possible source of bioactive compounds that can be used in the food or pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Selene Marín-Morales
- NatProLab, Biomolecule Research Lab, Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Science, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Celeste C. Ibarra-Herrera
- NatProLab, Biomolecule Research Lab, Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Science, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Diego A. Luna-Vital
- NatProLab, Biomolecule Research Lab, Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Science, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Puebla, Mexico
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Juan L. Monribot-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - José A. Guerrero-Analco
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Xalapa, Mexico
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21
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Pan J, Xu H, Cheng Y, Mintah BK, Dabbour M, Yang F, Chen W, Zhang Z, Dai C, He R, Ma H. Recent Insight on Edible Insect Protein: Extraction, Functional Properties, Allergenicity, Bioactivity, and Applications. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192931. [PMID: 36230006 PMCID: PMC9562009 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the recent increase in the human population and the associated shortage of protein resources, it is necessary to find new, sustainable, and natural protein resources from invertebrates (such as insects) and underutilized plants. In most cases, compared to plants (e.g., grains and legumes) and animals (e.g., fish, beef, chicken, lamb, and pork), insect proteins are high in quality in terms of their nutritional value, total protein content, and essential amino acid composition. This review evaluates the recent state of insects as an alternative protein source from production to application; more specifically, it introduces in detail the latest advances in the protein extraction process. As an alternative source of protein in food formulations, the functional characteristics of edible insect protein are comprehensively presented, and the risk of allergy associated with insect protein is also discussed. The biological activity of protein hydrolyzates from different species of insects (Bombyx mori, Hermetia illucens, Acheta domesticus, Tenebrio molitor) are also reviewed, and the hydrolysates (bioactive peptides) are found to have either antihypertensive, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activity. Finally, the use of edible insect protein in various food applications is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haining Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Mokhtar Dabbour
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qaluobia P.O. Box 13736, Egypt
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhaoli Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Chunhua Dai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ronghai He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +86-(511)-8878-0201
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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22
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez M, Barroso FG, Fabrikov D, Sánchez-Muros MJ. In Vitro Crude Protein Digestibility of Insects: A Review. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13080682. [PMID: 36005307 PMCID: PMC9409466 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The high protein content of insects has been widely studied. They can be a good food alternative, and therefore it is important to study the effect of digestion on their protein. This review examines the different in vitro protein digestibility methodologies used in the study of different edible insects in articles published up to 2021. The most important variables to be taken into account in in vitro hydrolysis are the following: phases (oral, gastric and intestinal), enzymes, incubation time and temperature, method of quantification of protein hydrolysis and sample preprocessing. Insects have high digestibility data, which can increase or decrease depending on the processing of the insect prior to digestion, so it is important to investigate which processing methods improve digestibility. The most commonly used methods are gut extraction, different methods of slaughtering (freezing or blanching), obtaining protein isolates, defatting, thermal processing (drying or cooking) and extrusion. Some limitations have been encountered in discussing the results due to the diversity of methodologies used for digestion and digestibility calculation. In addition, articles evaluating the effect of insect processing are very limited. It is concluded that there is a need for the standardisation of in vitro hydrolysis protocols and their quantification to facilitate comparisons in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Applied Biology, CECOUAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-649-129-692
| | - Fernando G. Barroso
- Department of Applied Biology, CECOUAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
- Department of Applied Biology, CEImar, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Dmitri Fabrikov
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
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23
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Tejada L, Buendía-Moreno L, Hernández I, Abellán A, Cayuela JM, Salazar E, Bueno-Gavilá E. Bioactivities of Mealworm ( Alphitobius diaperinus L.) Larvae Hydrolysates Obtained from Artichoke ( Cynara scolymus L.) Proteases. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050631. [PMID: 35625359 PMCID: PMC9137805 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to obtain hydrolysates with bioactive peptides from mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus L.) larvae using an artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) enzyme extract. Two types of substrates were used: the raw larvae flour (LF) and its protein extract (PE). The hydrolysis yield, considering the peptide concentration of the hydrolysates, was higher in PE hydrolysates than in LF hydrolysates (6.39 ± 0.59 vs. 3.02 ± 0.06 mg/mL, respectively). However, LF showed a higher antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical than PE (59.10 ± 1.42 vs. 18.79 ± 0.81 µM Trolox Eq/mg peptides, respectively). Regarding the inhibitory activity of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE), an IC50 value of 111.33 ± 21.3 µg peptides/mL was observed in the PE. The identification of the peptide sequence of both hydrolysates was conducted, and LF and its PE presented 404 and 116 peptides, respectively, most with low molecular weight (<3 kDa), high percentage of hydrophobic amino acids, and typical characteristics of well-known antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory peptides. Furthermore, the potential bioactivity of the sequences identified was searched in the BIOPEP database. Considering the antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities, LF hydrolysates contained a larger number of sequences with potential bioactivity than PE hydrolysates.
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The Evolution of Pharmacological Activities Bouea macrophylla Griffith In Vivo and In Vitro Study: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020238. [PMID: 35215350 PMCID: PMC8880147 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bouea macrophylla Griffith (B. macrophylla) is one of the many herbal plants found in Asia, and its fruit is plum mango. This plant is rich in secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, polyphenolic compounds, and many others. Due to its bioactive components, plum mango has powerful antioxidants that have therapeutic benefits for many common ailments, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. This review describes the evolution of plum mango’s phytochemical properties and pharmacological activities including in vitro and in vivo studies. The pharmacological activities of B. macrophylla Griffith reviewed in this article are antioxidant, anticancer, antihyperglycemic, antimicrobial, and antiphotoaging. Each of these pharmacological activities described and studied the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Interestingly, plum mango seeds show good pharmacological activity where the seed is the part of the plant that is a waste product. This can be an advantage because of its economic value as a herbal medicine. Overall, the findings described in this review aim to allow this plant to be explored and utilized more widely, especially as a new drug discovery.
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Ho LH, Tan TC, Chong LC. Designer foods as an effective approach to enhance disease preventative properties of food through its health functionalities. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Liceaga AM, Aguilar-Toalá JE, Vallejo-Cordoba B, González-Córdova AF, Hernández-Mendoza A. Insects as an Alternative Protein Source. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 13:19-34. [PMID: 34699254 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-052720-112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic drastically affected food supply chains worldwide, showing the vulnerability of food security. Efforts to develop alternative protein sources that are sustainable and can help alleviate global food shortage problems should be prioritized. Insects have been part of our diet for thousands of years and still are today, and market trends show a global increase in the number of food-grade insect producers. The global market for edible insects has been forecasted to reach US$8 billion by the year 2030. Insects are highly nutritious and have bioactive peptides with potential therapeutic effects. This review provides an overview of the consumption of insects from ancient to modern times, discusses the rationale for using insects as alternative protein sources, and presents a summary of the major insects consumed worldwide as well as a brief description of the traditional and novel technologies currently used to process insects and/or extract their nutritional components. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, Volume 13 is March 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Liceaga
- Protein Chemistry and Bioactive Peptides Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
| | - José Eleazar Aguilar-Toalá
- Laboratorio de Procesos de Transformación y Tecnologías Emergentes de Alimentos, Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Calidad, Autenticidad y Trazabilidad de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Calidad, Autenticidad y Trazabilidad de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Calidad, Autenticidad y Trazabilidad de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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In Vitro Antioxidant and Antihypertensive Activity of Edible Insects Flours (Mealworm and Grasshopper) Fermented with Lactococcus lactis Strains. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (ACEI) activity of edible insect flours fermented with Lactococcus lactis strains. For the fermentation, mealworm and grasshoppers flours were dissolved (0.5% w/v) in buffer solution (pH 7.0) and individually inoculated (3%) with Lactococcus lactis strains (NRRL B-50571, NRRL B-50572). The samples were incubated for 72 h at 30 °C, and the pH was recorded. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) and protein content were determined. The total polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP), and ACEI of the <3 kDa fractions were analyzed. The pH of the fermented samples decreased to 3.5–3.9 (p < 0.05). The fermented grasshopper flour showed an increased DH (0.42%) and overall higher total polyphenol content (8.23 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/mL). In general, the highest antioxidant activity was for the grasshopper fractions fermented for 24 h by Lactococcus lactis NRRL B-50572, which also showed 23.47% ACEI inhibition with an IC50 of 0.97 mg/mL. The peptide profile obtained increased after fermentation, being higher for the mealworm flour fermented sample. This study presents, for the first time, the use of specific strains of Lactococus lactis for fermenting edible insect-derived products in the production of bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant and antihypertensive activity.
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Nutritional, Physiochemical, and Biological Value of Muffins Enriched with Edible Insects Flour. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071122. [PMID: 34356355 PMCID: PMC8301197 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible insects are gaining attention as a novel food; however, studies with their use in food are still limited. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, physical parameters, sensory acceptance, and biological properties of muffins enriched with different levels of cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus) and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) flours. The approximate composition was analyzed, along with the physical and textural properties, color, and consumer acceptance. Moreover, the antioxidant properties, starch digestibility, and glycemic index were determined in vitro. As we expected, the protein content in muffins supplemented with insect flour increased, while the carbohydrates content decreased. Moreover, the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity against ABTS·+ and DPPH· increased correspondingly as the percentage of insect flour in the muffins increased. The estimated glycemic index was lower for the fortified muffins than the control (p < 0.05). Additionally, enriched muffins were accepted by consumers, and their taste positively surprised respondents (p < 0.05). Therefore, the results obtained are satisfactory as regards the use of insects for the supplementation of traditional products, and further research into the addition of insects to other nutrient matrices is needed. Furthermore, examining the effect of insect addition on in vivo food biological activity is highly desirable.
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Acosta-Estrada BA, Reyes A, Rosell CM, Rodrigo D, Ibarra-Herrera CC. Benefits and Challenges in the Incorporation of Insects in Food Products. Front Nutr 2021; 8:687712. [PMID: 34277684 PMCID: PMC8277915 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.687712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible insects are being accepted by a growing number of consumers in recent years not only as a snack but also as a side dish or an ingredient to produce other foods. Most of the edible insects belong to one of these groups of insects such as caterpillars, butterflies, moths, wasps, beetles, crickets, grasshoppers, bees, and ants. Insect properties are analyzed and reported in the articles reviewed here, and one common feature is nutrimental content, which is one of the most important characteristics mentioned, especially proteins, lipids, fiber, and minerals. On the other hand, insects can be used as a substitute for flour of cereals for the enrichment of snacks because of their high content of proteins, lipids, and fiber. Technological properties are not altered when these insects-derived ingredients are added and sensorial analysis is satisfactory, and only in some cases, change in color takes place. Insects can be used as substitute ingredients in meat products; the products obtained have higher mineral content than traditional ones, and some texture properties (like elasticity) can be improved. In extruded products, insects are an alternative source of proteins to feed livestock, showing desirable characteristics. Isolates of proteins of insects have demonstrated bioactive activity, and these can be used to improve food formulations. Bioactive compounds, as antioxidant agents, insulin regulators, and anti-inflammatory peptides, are high-value products that can be obtained from insects. Fatty acids that play a significant role in human health and lipids from insects have showed positive impacts on coronary disease, inflammation, and cancer. Insects can be a vector for foodborne microbial contamination, but the application of good manufacturing practices and effective preservation techniques jointly with the development of appropriate safety regulations will decrease the appearance of such risks. However, allergens presented in some insects are a hazard that must be analyzed and taken into account. Despite all the favorable health-promoting characteristics present in insects and insects-derived ingredients, willingness to consume them has yet to be generalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A. Acosta-Estrada
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Alicia Reyes
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Cristina M. Rosell
- Instituto de Agroquimica y Tecnologia de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Rodrigo
- Instituto de Agroquimica y Tecnologia de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Celeste C. Ibarra-Herrera
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Puebla, Mexico
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Zedan AMG, Sakran MI, Bahattab O, Hawsawi YM, Al-Amer O, Oyouni AAA, Nasr Eldeen SK, El-Magd MA. Oriental Hornet ( Vespa orientalis) Larval Extracts Induce Antiproliferative, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Migratory Effects on MCF7 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:3303. [PMID: 34072744 PMCID: PMC8198668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of insects as a feasible and useful natural product resource is a novel and promising option in alternative medicine. Several components from insects and their larvae have been found to inhibit molecular pathways in different stages of cancer. This study aimed to analyze the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Vespa orientalis larvae on breast cancer MCF7 cells and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that individual treatment with 5% aqueous or alcoholic larval extract inhibited MCF7 proliferation but had no cytotoxic effect on normal Vero cells. The anticancer effect was mediated through (1) induction of apoptosis, as indicated by increased expression of apoptotic genes (Bax, caspase3, and p53) and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2; (2) suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen species; (3) elevation of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPx) and upregulation of the antioxidant regulator Nrf2 and its downstream target HO-1; (4) inhibition of migration as revealed by in vitro wound healing assay and downregulation of the migration-related gene MMP9 and upregulation of the anti-migratory gene TIMP1; and (5) downregulation of inflammation-related genes (NFκB and IL8). The aqueous extract exhibited the best anticancer effect with higher antioxidant activities but lower anti-inflammatory properties than the alcoholic extract. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of several flavonoids and phenolic compounds with highest concentrations for resveratrol and naringenin in aqueous extract and rosmarinic acid in alcoholic extract. This is the first report to explain the intracellular pathway by which flavonoids and phenolic compounds-rich extracts of Vespa orientalis larvae could induce MCF7 cell viability loss through the initiation of apoptosis, activation of antioxidants, and inhibition of migration and inflammation. Therefore, these extracts could be used as adjuvants for anticancer drugs and as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M. G. Zedan
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, Home Economic Faculty, Al Azhar University, Tanta 31732, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed I. Sakran
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
| | - Omar Bahattab
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yousef M. Hawsawi
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, MBC J04, Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia;
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Al-Amer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Atif A. A. Oyouni
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A. El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Vilharva KN, Leite DF, dos Santos HF, Antunes KÁ, da Rocha PDS, Campos JF, Almeida CV, Macedo MLR, Silva DB, Ramalho de Oliveira CF, dos Santos EL, de Picoli Souza K. Rhynchophorus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Guarani-Kaiowá indigenous knowledge and pharmacological activities. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249919. [PMID: 33914744 PMCID: PMC8084164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Zootherapy is a traditional secular practice among the Guarani-Kaiowá indigenous ethnic group living in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. My people use the oil extracted from larvae of the snout beetle Rhynchophorus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1758) to treat and heal skin wounds and respiratory diseases. Based on this ethnopharmacological knowledge, the chemical composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and healing properties of R. palmarum larvae oil (RPLO) were investigated, as well as possible toxic effects, through in vitro and in vivo assays. The chemical composition of the RPLO was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity of RPLO was investigated through the direct 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. The healing properties of RPLO were investigated by performing a cell migration assay using human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), and the toxicity was analyzed, in vivo, using a Caenorhabditis elegans model and MRC-5 cells, in vitro. RPLO contains 52.2% saturated fatty acids and 47.4% unsaturated fatty acids, with palmitic acid (42.7%) and oleic acid (40%) representing its major components, respectively. RPLO possesses direct antioxidant activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 46.15 mg.ml-1. The antimicrobial activity of RPLO was not observed at a concentration of 1% (v/v). RPLO did not alter the viability of MRC-5 cells and did not exert toxic effects on C. elegans. Furthermore, MRC-5 cells incubated with 0.5% RPLO showed a higher rate of cell migration than that of the control group, supporting its healing properties. Taken together, RPLO possesses direct antioxidant activity and the potential to aid in the healing process and is not toxic toward in vitro and in vivo models, corroborating the safe use of the oil in traditional Guarani-Kaiowá medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen Natalice Vilharva
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ferreira Leite
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Helder Freitas dos Santos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Katia Ávila Antunes
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Paola dos Santos da Rocha
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Ferreira Campos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Claudiane Vilharroel Almeida
- Protein Purification Laboratory and its Biological Functions, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
- Protein Purification Laboratory and its Biological Functions, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Caio Fernando Ramalho de Oliveira
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
- Protein Purification Laboratory and its Biological Functions, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Edson Lucas dos Santos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | - Kely de Picoli Souza
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Villaseñor VM, Enriquez-Vara JN, Urías-Silva JE, Mojica L. Edible Insects: Techno-functional Properties Food and Feed Applications and Biological Potential. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1890116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M. Villaseñor
- Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro De Investigación Y Asistencia En Tecnología Y Diseño Del Estado De Jalisco, A. C., Ciatej, Guadalajara, México
| | - Jhony Navat Enriquez-Vara
- CONACYT, Centro De Investigación Y Asistencia En Tecnología Y Diseño Del Estado De Jalisco, A. C., Ciatej, Guadalajara, México
| | - Judith E. Urías-Silva
- Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro De Investigación Y Asistencia En Tecnología Y Diseño Del Estado De Jalisco, A. C., Ciatej, Guadalajara, México
| | - Luis Mojica
- Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro De Investigación Y Asistencia En Tecnología Y Diseño Del Estado De Jalisco, A. C., Ciatej, Guadalajara, México
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Rumbos CI, Athanassiou CG. The Superworm, Zophobas morio (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae): A 'Sleeping Giant' in Nutrient Sources. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2021; 21:6218202. [PMID: 33834209 PMCID: PMC8033247 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to compile up-to-date information on the superworm, Zophobas morio (F.), regarding its biology and ecology, but also its further potential for use as a nutrient source for food and feed. We illustrate certain basic characteristics of the morphology and bio-ecology of this species, which is marginally considered as a 'pest' in durable amylaceous commodities. More recent data show that Z. morio can be a valuable nutrient and antimicrobial source that could be utilized further in insect-based feed and food production. The inclusion of this species in aquafeed has provided promising results in a wide range of feeding trials, both in terms of fish development and health. Additional data illustrate its potential for use in poultry, indicating that this species provides comparable results with those of other insect species that are used in feed. Moreover, Z. morio can be a viable waste management agent. This review aims to summarize the available data and underline data gaps for future research, toward the potential of the utilization of Z. morio for human food and animal feed. Based on the data presented, Z. morio appears to be a well-promising insect-based protein source, which potential still remains to be unfold.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Rumbos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - C G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Musundire R, Ngonyama D, Chemura A, Ngadze RT, Jackson J, Matanda MJ, Tarakini T, Langton M, Chiwona-Karltun L. Stewardship of Wild and Farmed Edible Insects as Food and Feed in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Perspective. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:601386. [PMID: 33681322 PMCID: PMC7934207 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.601386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible insects have gained popularity as alternative food resources in the face of climate change and increasing carbon and environmental footprints associated with conventional agricultural production. Among the positive attributes that make edible insects suitable as food and feed substrates include rapid reproduction, high energy conversion efficiency, wide distribution, diversity, reduced greenhouses gases and ammonia emissions, possibility to reduce waste and high nutritional composition. In Sub-Saharan Africa, considerable scientific data exist on use of insects as food and livestock feed. However, coherent policies regarding safety, sustainability, trade and regulation of insects as food and animal feed are lacking. The benefits associated with edible insects are likely to accrue in Sub-Saharan Africa through use of a combination of approaches such as ensured sustainable utilization of edible insects in the wild, preservation of traditional conservation, harvesting and consumption practices, development of captive mass production schemes and strengthening robust value chains to incentivise indigenous participants. Collectively these approaches are referred to as the steward and use of insects as food and animal feed. This paper examines the policy frameworks that exist to support the use of edible insects as food and feed on the African continent. This investigation employed a literature review focussing on national policies in selected African countries to assess the relevance to edible insects. Using a baseline of more than 10 edible insect species consumed, 10 country cases in Sub-Saharan Africa were used to support our in-depth examination of the policy situation that may support good stewardship of edible insects as food and feed. Focus on how policies encompassing biodiversity, natural resources, culture, education, research, technology development, trade, health and nutrition and how that could be improved to support inclusivity of edible insects is discussed. We conclude by proposing a pathway that may accelerate recognition and valorisation of edible insects as important food and feed resources in Sub-Saharan Africa including improving policies to support good stewardship of these resources for sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Musundire
- Department of Crop Science and Post-Harvest Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Dianah Ngonyama
- Association of African Agricultural Professionals in the Diaspora (AAAPD), Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Abel Chemura
- Department of Environmental Science, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Ruth Tambudzai Ngadze
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Jose Jackson
- Alliance for African Partnership, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Tawanda Tarakini
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Maud Langton
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linley Chiwona-Karltun
- Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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35
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Magara HJO, Niassy S, Ayieko MA, Mukundamago M, Egonyu JP, Tanga CM, Kimathi EK, Ongere JO, Fiaboe KKM, Hugel S, Orinda MA, Roos N, Ekesi S. Edible Crickets (Orthoptera) Around the World: Distribution, Nutritional Value, and Other Benefits-A Review. Front Nutr 2021; 7:537915. [PMID: 33511150 PMCID: PMC7835793 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.537915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible crickets are among the praised insects that are gaining recognition as human food and livestock feed with a potential of contributing to food security and reduction of malnutrition. Globally, the sustainable use of crickets as food or feed is undermined by lack of information on the number of the edible crickets, the country where they are consumed, and the developmental stages consumed. Furthermore, lack of data on their nutritional content and the potential risks to potential consumers limits their consumption or inclusion into other food sources. We reviewed published literature on edible cricket species, countries where they are consumed, and the stage at which they are consumed. We further reviewed information on their nutritional content, the safety of cricket consumption, and the sensory qualities of the edible crickets. We also looked at other benefits derived from the crickets, which include ethnomedicine, livestock feed, pest management strategies, contribution to economic development, and livelihood improvement, particularly in terms of use as food preservatives and use within music, sports, and cultural entomology. Lastly, we reviewed information on the farming of edible crickets. In this review, we report over 60 cricket species that are consumed in 49 countries globally. Nutritionally, crickets are reported to be rich in proteins, ranging from 55 to 73%, and lipids, which range from 4.30 to 33.44% of dry matter. The reported amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is 58% of the total fatty acids. Edible crickets contain an appreciable amount of macro- and micro-mineral elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper. Also, the crickets are rich in the required amount of vitamins such as B group vitamins and vitamins A, C, D, E, and K. Overall, the cricket species examined in this review are safe to be consumed, and they display high proximate content that can replace plant and livestock products. The crickets play valuable roles in contributing to the economies of many countries and livelihoods, and they have medicinal and social benefits. This review is expected to promote greater recognition of crickets as a source of food, feed, and other benefits in the world and encourage up-scaling by farming them for sustainable utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henlay J. O. Magara
- School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo, Kenya
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Saliou Niassy
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Monica A. Ayieko
- School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo, Kenya
| | - Mukundi Mukundamago
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James P. Egonyu
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chrysantus M. Tanga
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emily K. Kimathi
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jackton O. Ongere
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Komi K. M. Fiaboe
- The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sylvain Hugel
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR 3212 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mary A. Orinda
- School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University Science and Technology (JOOUST), Bondo, Kenya
| | - Nanna Roos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
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de Matos FM, Novelli PK, de Castro RJS. Enzymatic hydrolysis of black cricket (Gryllus assimilis) proteins positively affects their antioxidant properties. J Food Sci 2021; 86:571-578. [PMID: 33438276 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of innovative ingredients through biotechnological routes has established insect proteins as an emerging source of bioactive peptides. The current study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of black cricket (Gryllus assimilis) protein hydrolysates produced using the proteases FlavourzymeTM 500L, AlcalaseTM 2.4L, and NeutraseTM 0.8L, either individually or in binary/ternary combinations. The enzymatic hydrolysis promoted an increase of approximately 160% in total antioxidant capacity and 93% in the ferric reducing antioxidant power. The isolated use of the enzyme FlavourzymeTM 500L showed the most prominent positive effect on the antioxidant properties, presenting an IC50 value of 455 and 71 µg/mL for DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging activities, respectively. This sample was composed mainly of small peptides (MW < 3 kDa), in which the antioxidant properties increased after fractionation by ultrafiltration. Gel electrophoresis analysis showed protein hydrolysates composed mainly of polypeptide chains with a mass of less than 14 kDa. Finally, the enzymatic treatment proved to be an efficient process to improve the antioxidant properties of black cricket proteins, increasing the possibility of applying these hydrolysates as bioactive ingredients in food or nutraceutical products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Insects represent an alternative source of proteins. Their modification through hydrolysis allows for the acquisition of compounds with great potential in industrial applications, such as functional ingredients or for nutraceutical purposes. The use of our experimental design proved to be an adequate tool for defining the best process conditions required for increasing the attainment of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Miranda de Matos
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Paula Kern Novelli
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Ruann Janser Soares de Castro
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
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Matos FMD, Castro RJSD. Insetos comestíveis como potenciais fontes de proteínas para obtenção de peptídeos bioativos. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.04420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo O consumo de insetos como uma fonte alternativa de proteínas é considerado uma tendência futura e uma estratégia viável, com potencial notório para garantia do fornecimento de alimentos em nível global. Os insetos são uma fonte não convencional de proteínas, seja para consumo humano direto ou indiretamente, como ingredientes em alimentos formulados. Além disso, estudos científicos têm demonstrado que a hidrólise enzimática destas proteínas resulta na produção de peptídeos com atividades biológicas de grande interesse, como atividade antioxidante, antidiabética, anti-hipertensiva e antimicrobiana. O uso desses peptídeos com fim nutracêutico pode substituir ou reduzir o uso de drogas sintéticas, as quais estão associadas a efeitos colaterais indesejáveis. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo abordar o uso de insetos na alimentação humana, destacando sua aplicação como substrato proteico na hidrólise enzimática para produção de peptídeos bioativos. As principais propriedades bioativas dos peptídeos foram relatadas.
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Zielińska E, Pankiewicz U. Nutritional, Physiochemical, and Antioxidative Characteristics of Shortcake Biscuits Enriched with Tenebrio molitor Flour. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235629. [PMID: 33265946 PMCID: PMC7730627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible insects, due to their high nutritional value, are a good choice for traditional food supplementation. The effects of partial replacement of wheat flour and butter with mealworm flour (Tenebrio molitor) on the quality attributes of shortcake biscuits were studied. The approximate composition was analyzed, along with the physical properties and color. Moreover, the antioxidant properties, starch digestibility, and glycemic index were determined in vitro. The protein and ash contents in biscuits supplemented with mealworm flour increased, while the carbohydrates content decreased. The increasing insect flour substitution decreased the lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) but increased the redness (a*), total color difference (ΔE), and browning index (BI). The spread factor for the sample with the highest proportion of mealworm flour was significantly higher than the other biscuits. Furthermore, higher additions of mealworm flour increased the antioxidant activity of the biscuits and contributed to an increase in the content of slowly digested starch, with a decrease in the content of rapidly digested starch. Therefore, the results of the research are promising and indicate the possibility of using edible insects to enrich food by increasing the nutritional and health-promoting values.
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An insight to fermented edible insects: A global perspective and prospective. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109750. [PMID: 33233312 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The practice of eating insects is not a new phenomenon; however, the interest for their consumption has increased in recent years due to their recognized nutritional value (high content of micro- and macronutrient), potential health benefits (presence of bioactive substances), and low-environmental impact (use of less resources and reduced pollution levels). Currently, research on insects has focused on the promotion of various processing technologies for their use as either ingredients (in a non-recognizable form) to the development of innovative products, or as sources of novel bioactive compounds. In this context, evidence has suggested that alternative technologies, particularly fermentation, could be used the obtain diverse insect-based ingredients/products with unique properties. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review was to provide an overview of the available literature on fermentation applied to obtain new insect-based products, to summarize the patents and patent-applications to protect fermented edible insect products and processes, as well as to enlist examples of current available products in the market.
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El-Garawani I, El-Seedi H, Khalifa S, El Azab IH, Abouhendia M, Mahmoud S. Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of Lipopolysaccharides-Injected Musca domestica Larvae. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1111. [PMID: 33227988 PMCID: PMC7699146 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The usage of insects as a sustainable and functional natural products resource is a new promise in complementary and alternative medicine. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of Musca domestica (housefly) larval hemolymph (insect blood) to display the enhanced in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. The oxidative stress (OS) was elicited by inducing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment as an exogenous stressor. Determination of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and mRNA and protein expressions of SOD1, was investigated as confirmatory markers of oxidative stress induction. Cytotoxicity on cancerous MCF-7 and normal Vero cells were also evaluated using an MTT assay at 24 h post-injection. The injection of LPS induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in SOD, GSH and TAC, whereas, the MDA was diminished. Hemolymph was collected from normal and treated larvae after 6, 12 and 24 h. The M. domestica superoxide dismutase (MdSOD1) transcripts were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated 6 and 12 h post-treatment, while a significant downregulation was observed after 24 h. Western blot analysis showed that MdSOD1 was expressed in the hemolymph of the treated larvae with an increase of 1.2 folds at 6 and 12 h and 1.6 folds at 24 h relative to the control group. LPS-treated larval hemolymphs exhibited significant cytotoxicity with respect to the untreated ones against MCF-7 while Vero cells showed no cytotoxicity for both hemolymphs. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity was examined and a significant antioxidant potential potency was observed at 6 h (50% maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 63.3 ± 3.51 µg/mL) when compared to the control M. domestica larval hemolymph (IC50: 611.7 ± 10.41 µg/mL). Taken together, M. domestica larval hemolymph exhibited enhanced antioxidant and consequently increased cytotoxic capacities under stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam El-Garawani
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt; (M.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Hesham El-Seedi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shaden Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Islam H. El Azab
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- On Leave from Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, P.O. Box 81528, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Marwa Abouhendia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt; (M.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Shaymaa Mahmoud
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt; (M.A.); (S.M.)
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Dion-Poulin A, Laroche M, Doyen A, Turgeon SL. Functionality of Cricket and Mealworm Hydrolysates Generated after Pretreatment of Meals with High Hydrostatic Pressures. Molecules 2020; 25:E5366. [PMID: 33212841 PMCID: PMC7698085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The low consumer acceptance to entomophagy in Western society remains the strongest barrier of this practice, despite these numerous advantages. More positively, it was demonstrated that the attractiveness of edible insects can be enhanced by the use of insect ingredients. Currently, insect ingredients are mainly used as filler agents due to their poor functional properties. Nevertheless, new research on insect ingredient functionalities is emerging to overcome these issues. Recently, high hydrostatic pressure processing has been used to improve the functional properties of proteins. The study described here evaluates the functional properties of two commercial insect meals (Gryllodes sigillatus and Tenebrio molitor) and their respective hydrolysates generated by Alcalase®, conventionally and after pressurization pretreatment of the insect meals. Regardless of the insect species and treatments, water binding capacity, foaming and gelation properties did not improve after enzymatic hydrolysis. The low emulsion properties after enzymatic hydrolysis were due to rapid instability of emulsion. The pretreatment of mealworm meal with pressurization probably induced protein denaturation and aggregation phenomena which lowered the degree of hydrolysis. As expected, enzymatic digestion (with and without pressurization) increased the solubility, reaching values close to 100%. The pretreatment of mealworm meal with pressure further improved its solubility compared to control hydrolysate, while pressurization pretreatment decreased the solubility of cricket meal. These results may be related to the impact of pressurization on protein structure and therefore to the generation of different peptide compositions and profiles. The oil binding capacity also improved after enzymatic hydrolysis, but further for pressure-treated mealworm hydrolysate. Despite the moderate effect of pretreatment by high hydrostatic pressures, insect protein hydrolysates demonstrated interesting functional properties which could potentially facilitate their use in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sylvie L. Turgeon
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.D.-P.); (M.L.); (A.D.)
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Ghosh A, Ray M, Gangopadhyay D. Evaluation of proximate composition and antioxidant properties in silk-industrial byproduct. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Botella-Martínez C, Lucas-González R, Pérez-Álvarez JA, Fernández-López J, Viuda-Martos M. Assessment of chemical composition and antioxidant properties of defatted flours obtained from several edible insects. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2020; 27:383-391. [PMID: 32962449 DOI: 10.1177/1082013220958854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were determined the chemical composition and the antioxidant properties of defatted flours obtained from several commercially available edible insects such as Acheta dosmesticus, Tenebrio molitor, Zophobas morio, and Rhynchophorus ferrugineus to establish their utilization as ingredient in the development of new food products. The proximate composition of flour was determined using AOAC methods while for antioxidant capacity, four different methodologies were employed (DPPH, ABTS, FIC, and FRAP). The total phenolic content and the tannin content were also determined. All flours analyzed had a high protein content with values ranging between 64.17 and 72.55 g/100 g flour. With regard to the antioxidant activity, R. ferrugineus showed the highest values for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays with values of 2.03, 4.93, and 8.46 mg Trolox equivalent/g flour, respectively. For FIC assay, A. dosmesticus and T. molitor had the highest values 0.47 and 0.48 mg EDTA equivalent/g flour. Defatted flours obtained from edible insects analyzed could have several applications as ingredients to the development new foods due to its good nutrient content and as a functional food for the prevention of oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Botella-Martínez
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Raquel Lucas-González
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - José A Pérez-Álvarez
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juana Fernández-López
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Viuda-Martos
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
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Antioxidant enzyme regulating and intracellular ROS scavenging capacities of two novel bioactive peptides from white grub larvae (Polyphylla adstpersa) hydrolysate in A549 cells. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jakubczyk A, Karaś M, Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk K, Zielińska E, Zieliński D. Current Trends of Bioactive Peptides-New Sources and Therapeutic Effect. Foods 2020; 9:E846. [PMID: 32610520 PMCID: PMC7404774 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, bioactive peptides are natural compounds of food or part of protein that are inactive in the precursor molecule. However, they may be active after hydrolysis and can be transported to the active site. Biologically active peptides can also be synthesized chemically and characterized. Peptides have many properties, including antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, and chelating effects. They are also responsible for the taste of food or for the inhibition of enzymes involved in the development of diseases. The scientific literature has described many peptides with bioactive properties obtained from different sources. Information about the structure, origin, and properties of peptides can also be found in many databases. This review will describe peptides inhibiting the development of current diseases, peptides with antimicrobial properties, and new alternative sources of peptides based on the current knowledge and documentation of their bioactivity. All these issues are part of modern research on peptides and their use in current health or technological problems in food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jakubczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Karaś
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Kamila Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-069 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Zielińska
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Damian Zieliński
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Nissen L, Samaei SP, Babini E, Gianotti A. Gluten free sourdough bread enriched with cricket flour for protein fortification: Antioxidant improvement and Volatilome characterization. Food Chem 2020; 333:127410. [PMID: 32682227 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Insects represent a novel source of edible high nutritional value proteins which are gaining increasing interest as an alternative to traditional animal foods. In this work, cricket flour was used to produce gluten-free sourdough breads, suitable for celiac people and "source of proteins". The doughs were fermented by different methods and pH and microbial growth, volatile compounds, protein profile, and antioxidant activity, before and after baking, were analyzed and compared to standard gluten-free doughs. The results showed that cricket-enriched doughs and the standard had similar fermentation processes. Cricket enrichment conferred to the breads a typical flavoring profile, characterized by a unique bouquet of volatile compounds, made by nonanoic acid, 2,4-nonadienal (E,E), 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, and 3-octen-2-one, expressed in different amounts depending on the type of inoculum. Finally, antioxidant activities were significantly enhanced in cricket breads, indicating that cricket powder provides to bakery gluten-free goods high nutritional value proteins and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nissen
- Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy.
| | - Seyedeh Parya Samaei
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy.
| | - Elena Babini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy.
| | - Andrea Gianotti
- Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy; Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy.
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48
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Mouithys-Mickalad A, Schmitt E, Dalim M, Franck T, Tome NM, van Spankeren M, Serteyn D, Paul A. Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia Illucens) Larvae Protein Derivatives: Potential to Promote Animal Health. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E941. [PMID: 32485877 PMCID: PMC7341516 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
European legislation permits the inclusion of insect proteins in pet and aquaculture diets. Black soldier fly larvae (BSF) are one of the most actively produced species due to their low environmental impact and nutritional characteristics. BSF protein derivatives (proteins and protein hydrolysates) contain a substantial amount of low molecular weight peptides that are known to possess antioxidant potential. In this study, the in vitro antioxidant potential of commercial BSF proteins and protein hydrolysates was investigated for (1) radical scavenging activity, (2) myeloperoxidase activity modulation, and (3) neutrophil response modulation. Chickenmeal and fishmeal are commonly used in pet food and aquaculture formulations. Hence, both were used as industrial benchmarks during this study. The results indicate that fishmeal and chickenmeal are ineffective at suppressing the oxidative damage caused by neutrophil response and myeloperoxidase activity. Fishmeal and chickenmeal even exhibit pro-oxidant behavior in some of the models used during this study. On the other hand, it was found that BSF protein derivatives could be effective in protecting against the cellular damage resulting from neutrophil and myeloperoxidase activities. The outcomes of this study indicate that BSF protein derivatives could be potentially included in pet food and aquaculture feed formulations as health-promoting ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange Mouithys-Mickalad
- Centre of Oxygen, Research and Development—University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.-M.); (T.F.); (D.S.)
| | - Eric Schmitt
- Protix B.V., 5107 NC Dongen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.M.T.); (M.v.S.)
| | - Monika Dalim
- Protix B.V., 5107 NC Dongen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.M.T.); (M.v.S.)
| | - Thierry Franck
- Centre of Oxygen, Research and Development—University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.-M.); (T.F.); (D.S.)
| | - Nuria Martin Tome
- Protix B.V., 5107 NC Dongen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.M.T.); (M.v.S.)
| | - Michel van Spankeren
- Protix B.V., 5107 NC Dongen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.M.T.); (M.v.S.)
| | - Didier Serteyn
- Centre of Oxygen, Research and Development—University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.-M.); (T.F.); (D.S.)
| | - Aman Paul
- Protix B.V., 5107 NC Dongen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.M.T.); (M.v.S.)
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Caetano-Silva ME, Netto FM, Bertoldo-Pacheco MT, Alegría A, Cilla A. Peptide-metal complexes: obtention and role in increasing bioavailability and decreasing the pro-oxidant effect of minerals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1470-1489. [PMID: 32370550 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1761770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides derived from food protein sources have been widely studied in the last years, and scientific researchers have been proving their role in human health, beyond their nutritional value. Several bioactivities have been attributed to these peptides, such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and opioid. Among them, metal-binding capacity has gained prominence. Mineral chelating peptides have shown potential to be applied in food products so as to decrease mineral deficiencies since peptide-metal complexes could enhance their bioavailability. Furthermore, many studies have been investigating their potential to decrease the Fe pro-oxidant effect by forming a stable structure with the metal and avoiding its interaction with other food constituents. These complexes can be formed during gastrointestinal digestion or can be synthesized prior to intake, with the aim to protect the mineral through the gastrointestinal tract. This review addresses: (i) the amino acid residues for metal-binding peptides and their main protein sources, (ii) peptide-metal complexation prior to or during gastrointestinal digestion, (iii) the function of metal (especially Fe, Ca, and Zn)-binding peptides on the metal bioavailability and (iv) their reactivity and possible pro-oxidant and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia Maria Netto
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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50
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Jantzen da Silva Lucas A, Menegon de Oliveira L, da Rocha M, Prentice C. Edible insects: An alternative of nutritional, functional and bioactive compounds. Food Chem 2020; 311:126022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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