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Digregorio M, Van Ngoc P, Domen J, Bognar Z, Duysburgh E, Hendrickx G, Van Damme P, Coenen S, Scholtes B. Primary Healthcare Providers' Views on Periodic COVID-19 Booster Vaccination for Themselves and Their Patients: A 2023 Nationwide Survey in Belgium. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:740. [PMID: 39066378 PMCID: PMC11281441 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
New COVID-19 strains and waning vaccine effectiveness prompted initiatives for booster vaccination. In Belgium, healthcare providers (HCPs) received a second booster in July 2022, with eligible individuals receiving a third in autumn. Primary HCPs (PHCPs) play a crucial role in healthcare organization and patient communication. This study, conducted in February-March 2023, surveyed 1900 Belgian PHCPs to assess their views on periodic COVID-19 boosters for themselves and their patients. The survey included questions on sociodemographic information, willingness to receive periodic COVID-19 boosters, reasons for acceptance or refusal, confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy, and views on booster recommendations. Overall, 86% of participants were willing to receive periodic COVID-19 boosters, motivated by self-protection, patient well-being, and the uninterrupted delivery of healthcare services. Factors influencing booster refusal included not being a general practitioner (GP) or GP trainee, working in Wallonia or Brussels, and lacking vaccine confidence. Although 243 participants would not take boosters periodically, only 74 would not recommend it. Regarding administration, 59% supported pharmacist involvement in COVID-19 vaccination. Further qualitative analysis of 290 PHCPs' responses revealed varying recommendations, including specific roles like nurses, organizational structures, and collaborative approaches. This study highlights the need to address vaccine confidence, regional disparities, and PHCP roles in booster implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Digregorio
- Research Unit of Primary Care and Health, Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pauline Van Ngoc
- Research Unit of Primary Care and Health, Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Domen
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP), Centre for General Practice, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Zsofia Bognar
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- ECDC Fellowship Programme, Field Epidemiology Path (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), 171 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Els Duysburgh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Greet Hendrickx
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Samuel Coenen
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP), Centre for General Practice, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Beatrice Scholtes
- Research Unit of Primary Care and Health, Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Hurley E, Foley T, Walsh E, Byrne S, Dalton K. GPs' perceptions of pharmacists working in general practices: A mixed methods survey study. Eur J Gen Pract 2023; 29:2273841. [PMID: 37929756 PMCID: PMC10629419 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2023.2273841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacists are increasingly incorporated into general practice teams globally and have been shown to positively impact patient outcomes. However, little research to date has focused on determining general practitioners' (GPs') perceptions of practice-based pharmacist roles in countries yet to establish such roles. OBJECTIVES To explore GPs' perceptions towards integrating pharmacists into practices and determine if any significant associations were present between GPs' perceptions and their demographic characteristics. METHODS In June 2022, a survey was disseminated to GPs in Ireland via post (n = 500 in Munster region), Twitter, WhatsApp, and an online GP support and education network. Quantitative data were captured through multiple option and Likert-scale questions and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data were captured via free-text boxes, with the open comments analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 152 valid responses were received (24.6% response to postal survey). Overall, GPs welcomed the role of practice-based pharmacists and perceived that they would increase patient safety. Most agreed with practice pharmacists providing medicine information (98%) vs. 23% agreeing with practice pharmacists prescribing independently. Most agreed they would partake in a practice pharmacist pilot (78.6%). The free-text comments described current pressures in general practice, existing relationships with pharmacists, funding and governance strategies, potential roles for pharmacists in general practice, and anticipated outcomes of such roles. CONCLUSION This study provides a deeper understanding of GPs' perceptions of integrating pharmacists into practices and the demographic characteristics associated with different perceptions, which may help better inform future initiatives to integrate pharmacists into practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Hurley
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tony Foley
- Department of General Practice, School of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elaine Walsh
- Department of General Practice, School of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stephen Byrne
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Dalton
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Mao L, Mohan G, Normand C. Use of information communication technologies by older people and telemedicine adoption during COVID-19: a longitudinal study. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:2012-2020. [PMID: 37572310 PMCID: PMC10654849 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate how information communication technology (ICT) factors relate to the use of telemedicine by older people in Ireland during the pandemic in 2020. Furthermore, the paper tested whether the supply of primary care, measured by General Practitioner's (GP) accessibility, influenced people's telemedicine options. METHOD Based on 2 waves from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, a nationally representative sample, multivariate logistic models were applied to examine the association between pre-pandemic use of ICTs and telemedicine usage (GP, pharmacist, hospital doctor), controlling for a series of demographic, health, and socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS Previously reported having Internet access was a statistically positive predictor for telemedicine usage. The availability of high-speed broadband Internet did not exhibit a statistical association. The association was more prominent among those under 70 years old and non-Dublin urban areas. People with more chronic conditions, poorer mental health, and private health insurance had higher odds of using telemedicine during the period of study. No clear pattern between telemedicine use and differential geographic access to GP was found. DISCUSSION The important role of ICT access and frequent engagement with the Internet in encouraging telemedicine usage among older adults was evidenced. CONCLUSION Internet access was a strong predictor for telemedicine usage. We found no evidence of a substitution or complementary relationship between telemedicine and in-person primary care access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Mao
- Department of Economics, University of Aberdeen, King’s College, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United Kingdom
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Central, Dublin D02 R590, Republic of Ireland
| | - Gretta Mohan
- Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin 2 D02 K138, Republic of Ireland
| | - Charles Normand
- Centre for Health Policy and Management, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, Kings College London, London SE5 9PJ, United Kingdom
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Smith SE, Kerins J, McColgan-Smith S, Stewart F, Power A, Mardon J, Tallentire VR. The development of a marker system for Pharmacists' Behavioural Skills. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2023; 31:520-527. [PMID: 37452687 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pharmacists increasingly require complex behavioural skills to fulfil enhanced roles within healthcare teams. Behavioural marker systems are used to assess behavioural (or non-technical) skills during immersive simulation. This study aimed to develop a marker system for pharmacists' behavioural skills in patient-focussed care scenarios, and to investigate its content validity. METHODS Literature describing existing marker systems and the requisite behavioural skills of pharmacists were presented to two expert panels, alongside video examples of pharmacists in patient-focussed care simulations. The expert panels used this information to develop a new behavioural marker system. A third expert panel assessed the content validity, and the item- and scale-content validity indices were calculated. KEY FINDINGS The resulting tool contains four categories, each with three or four skill elements: situation awareness (gathering information; recognising and understanding information; anticipating, preparing and planning), decision-making and prioritisation (identifying options; prioritising; dealing with uncertainty; implementing or reviewing decisions), collaborative working (involving the patient; information sharing; leadership or followership), self-awareness (role awareness; speaking up; escalating care; coping with stress). The scale-content validity index was 0.95 (ideal) and the only item below the acceptable cut-off was 'leadership or followership' (0.7). CONCLUSIONS This tool is the first marker system designed to assess the behavioural skills of pharmacists in patient-focussed care scenarios. There is evidence of good content validity. It is hoped that once validated, the Pharmacists' Behavioural Skills marker system will enable pharmacy educators to provide individualised and meaningful feedback on simulation participants' behavioural skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Eve Smith
- Scottish Centre for Simulation and Clinical Human Factors, Larbert, UK
- NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanne Kerins
- Scottish Centre for Simulation and Clinical Human Factors, Larbert, UK
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Julie Mardon
- Scottish Centre for Simulation and Clinical Human Factors, Larbert, UK
| | - Victoria Ruth Tallentire
- Scottish Centre for Simulation and Clinical Human Factors, Larbert, UK
- NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Education for Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Tew MM, Hatah E, Zakaria M, Makmor-Bakry M. Publics' Knowledge, Perception and Practice on Management of Minor Ailment in Community Pharmacy in Malaysia. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:1513-1523. [PMID: 37389151 PMCID: PMC10305766 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s415482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Minor ailments can be defined as medical conditions that can be self-diagnosed, resolve on their own, and be self-managed with over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Nevertheless, minor ailment management was reported to consume much of the health care resources, which may burden the health care system as it increases patient waiting times and the doctors' workload. Purpose To evaluate the publics' knowledge, perceptions, and practice on the management of minor ailments in community pharmacies in Malaysia and factors that may influence it. Methods A cross-sectional, self-administered survey was conducted between Dec 2020 and April 2021 among general population in Malaysia. The self-developed and validated survey form consisted of four sections included respondents' demographics, knowledge, perceptions and practices toward minor aliment management in community pharmacy and was distributed using Google Forms via social media platforms. Factors influencing good public practices and perceptions were modeled using binary logistic regression. Results A total of 562 respondents completed the survey. Majority (n = 354, 63.0%) have good knowledge (score of 9-10), good practice (n = 367, 65.3%) (score 18-30) and good perception score (n = 305, 54.3%) (score 41-60). Variables such as age, those with higher degree (master/PhD), and prior experience and frequency of using community pharmacy had significant influence on respondents' good perceptions, while age and frequency of visit were found to influence respondents' good practice on minor ailment management in community pharmacy. Conclusion Public in Malaysia have good knowledge on management of minor ailments by community pharmacies. Nevertheless, the publics' perceptions and practice need to be further improved. More advocacy on community pharmacy's roles on minor ailment management among public is need to strengthen the Malaysia's healthcare system resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Mei Tew
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Ernieda Hatah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Maisarah Zakaria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Makmor-Bakry
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
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Hikaka J, Haua R, Parore N, McIntosh B, Anderson A, Pewhairangi K, Brown R. Designing for health equity: A mixed method study exploring community experiences and perceptions of pharmacists' role in minor ailment care. Res Social Adm Pharm 2023; 19:643-652. [PMID: 36639337 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minor ailments are self-limiting, easily diagnosable and treatable conditions. Funded pharmacist minor ailments services (PMAS) have been posited to improve medicines access equity and, despite ethnic minorities across the globe experiencing reduced access to medicines and health care, PMAS internationally have not explicitly centered ethnic equity in service design or outcome measurement. OBJECTIVE To explore Māori experiences of minor ailments care and perceptions of the pharmacists' role. METHODS This mixed methods study collected data through facilitated wānanga (collaborative knowledge-sharing group discussions). Eligible participants (Māori, 18 years plus, obtained medicine from pharmacy in last 3 years) were recruited through local pharmacist networks using convenience sampling. Wānanga included qualitative data collection through discussion using a topic guide and a quantitative questionnaire. Indigenous theory was applied within a general inductive approach to thematic development to analyze qualitative data. Quantitative data was reported using simple descriptive statistics. RESULTS Thirteen wānanga (3 in-person, 10 online) were conducted from September 2021-February 2022 with 62 participants from seven New Zealand regions. The minor ailments that participants were most likely to seek treatment from pharmacy first, instead of a doctor, were eczema (87.2%), coughs and colds (85.7%), headlice (85.7%), insect bites (83.9%), and hayfever (83.9%). Four themes were generated from the qualitative data: designing the right environment for minor ailment care; clinically and culturally safe care; moving from stigmatizing to strengths-based services; the benefits of PMAS. Participant-informed ideas for PMAS service development centered on Māori aspirations included: developing clinically and culturally safe pharmacy environments, enabling medicine supply outside of the physical pharmacy setting, avoiding stigmatizing language when promoting PMAS availability, and collaborative practice with other health providers. CONCLUSION This study provides important recommendations when developing PMAS to increase the likelihood of delivering equitable care, and has international application across multiple pharmacy and health service settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Hikaka
- Ngā Kaitiaki o Te Puna Rongoā o Aotearoa- the Māori Pharmacists' Association, PO Box 42013, Acacia Bay Post Shop, Taupō, 3330, New Zealand.
| | - Robert Haua
- Ngā Kaitiaki o Te Puna Rongoā o Aotearoa- the Māori Pharmacists' Association, PO Box 42013, Acacia Bay Post Shop, Taupō, 3330, New Zealand
| | - Nora Parore
- Ngā Kaitiaki o Te Puna Rongoā o Aotearoa- the Māori Pharmacists' Association, PO Box 42013, Acacia Bay Post Shop, Taupō, 3330, New Zealand
| | - Brendon McIntosh
- Ngā Kaitiaki o Te Puna Rongoā o Aotearoa- the Māori Pharmacists' Association, PO Box 42013, Acacia Bay Post Shop, Taupō, 3330, New Zealand
| | | | - Kevin Pewhairangi
- Ngā Kaitiaki o Te Puna Rongoā o Aotearoa- the Māori Pharmacists' Association, PO Box 42013, Acacia Bay Post Shop, Taupō, 3330, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Brown
- The National Hauora Coalition, Auckland, New Zealand
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Rendell T, Barnett J, Wright D. Co-designing a community pharmacy pharmacogenomics testing service in the UK. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:378. [PMID: 35317803 PMCID: PMC8939480 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pharmacogenomics (PGx) testing services have been delivered through community pharmacies across the globe, though not yet in the UK. This paper is reporting a focus group study, the first stage of a participatory co-design process to increase the chance of a successful implementation of a PGx service through community pharmacy in the UK. Aim To identify the barriers and enablers to implementing a community pharmacy based PGx service in the UK. Method Three focus groups were conducted with community pharmacists (n = 10), prescribers (n = 8) and patients (n = 8) in England. The focus groups were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed using the Braun and Clarke six phase reflexive thematic analysis approach. Results The analysis identified five themes about PGx testing in community pharmacies: (1) In- principle receptiveness, (2) Appreciation of the benefits, (3) Lack of implementation resources (4) Ambiguity about implications for implementation and (5) Interprofessional relationship challenges. Conclusion The identified enablers for implementation of a PGx service were at a macro health system strategic level; the concerns were more at a granular operational procedural level. Overall receptiveness was noted by all three participant groups, and both prescriber and pharmacist groups appreciated the potential benefits for patients and the healthcare system. Prior to implementation in the UK, there is a need to disambiguate health professional’s concerns of the guidance, resources, and knowledge required to set up and deliver the service and to resolve patient concerns about the nature of genomics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-07730-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Rendell
- University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Julie Barnett
- University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - David Wright
- University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, England
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Jusufoska M, Abreu de Azevedo M, Tolic J, Deml MJ, Tarr PE. "Vaccination needs to be easy for the people, right ?": a qualitative study of the roles of physicians and pharmacists regarding vaccination in Switzerland. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053163. [PMID: 34921081 PMCID: PMC8685942 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccination in pharmacies has been a key component of national vaccination strategies to facilitate vaccination access. Qualitative data on the perspectives of professional stakeholders on vaccination in pharmacies and on the professional relations of pharmacists with physicians regarding increasing immunisation rates is limited. We conducted a qualitative study in Switzerland. The main aim was to gain further insight into professional stakeholders' perspectives on vaccination counselling and administration conducted in pharmacies, and to further understand their views on physicians' and pharmacists' roles in increasing immunisation rates. DESIGN We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews. We coded and analysed transcripts using thematic analysis. SETTING Face-to-face interviews took place in German-speaking and French-speaking regions of Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS We interviewed 14 key vaccination stakeholders including health authorities, heads of pharmacy management and professional association boards. All participants had a background in medicine or pharmacy. RESULTS Three main themes emerged from the qualitative data: (1) Participants viewed pharmacists as competent to provide vaccination counselling and administration based on their university training; (2) interprofessional cooperation between physicians and pharmacists on vaccination topics is limited and should be improved; and (3) pharmacists play an important role in increasing immunisation rates by facilitating vaccination access and through provision of vaccination counselling. CONCLUSION By providing vaccination counselling and administering vaccines, pharmacists play an important public health role. Healthcare policies and health authorities should encourage more involvement of pharmacists and encourage interprofessional cooperation between physicians and pharmacists in order to improve vaccination counselling and increase immunisation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliha Jusufoska
- University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
- University Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases Service, Kantonsspital Baselland Medizinische Universitätsklinik Standort Bruderholz, Binningen, Switzerland
| | - Marta Abreu de Azevedo
- University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
- University Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases Service, Kantonsspital Baselland Medizinische Universitätsklinik Standort Bruderholz, Binningen, Switzerland
| | - Josipa Tolic
- University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
- University Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases Service, Kantonsspital Baselland Medizinische Universitätsklinik Standort Bruderholz, Binningen, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Deml
- Institute of Sociological Research, Department of Sociology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Public Health & Family Medicine, Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Philip E Tarr
- University Dept. of Medicine and Infectious Diseases Service, Kantonsspital Baselland, University of Basel, Bruderholz, Switzerland
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Factors influencing the implementation of pharmaceutical care in outpatient settings: A systematic review applying the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 18:2579-2592. [PMID: 34158263 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmaceutical care in outpatient settings is a type of health service that has been shown to contribute to decreasing drug-related morbidity and mortality rates. However, every process of implementing a new service brings about changes and transformations in the work routine, thus posing challenges. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aims to identify barriers to and facilitators for the implementation of pharmaceutical care in outpatient settings by applying the CFIR method, a framework based on the theory of health services, used to analyze and synthesize research data, which can direct strategies for the service to work as planned. METHODS A systematic review was conducted exploring the barriers to and facilitators for the implementation of pharmaceutical care in outpatient settings. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, COCHRANE, and LILACS databases were consulted. RESULTS Eight studies were included: five qualitative ones, two mixed-method ones, and a quantitative one. The most frequent CFIR constructs identified were Patient Needs and Resources (n = 30, 10.75%), Knowledge and Beliefs about the Intervention (n = 31, 11.11%), Networks and Communications (n = 34, 12.19%), and Available Resources (n = 56, 20.07%). The most cited barriers were: insufficient human resources, patients' unawareness of the existence of the pharmaceutical care service, and pharmacists' resistance to changes. Facilitators included: the opportune presentation of the service to the healthcare team; the use of electronic devices for specific guidance; and the assessment of patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review allowed detecting key guidelines to improve the implementation process, including (1) defining an implementation method and exploring it extensively during the pre-implementation phase, (2) ensuring human and financial resources, (3) determining how the new service will interact with other existing services. More research is needed to understand how these factors can affect the implementation of clinical services.
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Hayat K, Mustafa ZU, Godman B, Arshed M, Zhang J, Khan FU, Saleem F, Lambojon K, Li P, Feng Z, Fang Y. Perceptions, Expectations, and Experience of Physicians About Pharmacists and Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pakistan: Findings and Implications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650137. [PMID: 34054528 PMCID: PMC8160509 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Optimal collaboration between pharmacists and other healthcare professionals such as physicians is integral in implementing pharmaceutical care. However, there are concerns regarding the role of pharmacists, especially among low- and middle-income countries. This study explored the perceptions, expectations, and experience of physicians working in various hospital settings of Punjab, Pakistan, about pharmacists and their roles. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire consisting of four sections was administered from October to December 2020. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for data analysis using SPSS. Results: Six hundred and seventy-eight physicians participated in this study with a response rate of 77.9%. Most of the physicians reported minimal to no interaction with pharmacists (n = 521, 76.8%). However, more than three-quarters of physicians (n = 660, 97.3%) accepted pharmacists as evidence-based sources of drug information. In addition, many physicians (n = 574, 84.7%) strongly agreed that pharmacists should attend patient care rounds to respond promptly to questions related to patient medication. A limited number of physicians (n = 124, 18.3%) assumed that pharmacists were advising their patients regarding the judicial use of their drugs. Median expectation and experience score had a significant association with age, experience, and education of physicians (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The perception of physicians was positive toward certain roles of pharmacists, coupled with high expectations. However, their experience was low, with most of the activities of pharmacists due to inadequate interprofessional coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khezar Hayat
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacy Services, District Headquarter (DHQ) Hospital Pakpattan, Pakpattan, Pakistan
| | - Brain Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Arshed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lifeline Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Faiz Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China
| | - Fahad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Krizzia Lambojon
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengchao Li
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhitong Feng
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China
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Kabba JA, James PB, Hanson C, Chang J, Kitchen C, Jiang M, Yang C, Fang Y. Sierra Leonean doctors' perceptions and expectations of the role of pharmacists in hospitals: a national cross-sectional survey. Int J Clin Pharm 2020; 42:1335-1343. [PMID: 32772304 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The effective implementation of pharmaceutical care requires pharmacists' collaboration with other healthcare providers, especially doctors. However, doctor's perceptions and expectations may not be in line with the tasks and responsibilities of pharmacists. Objectives We aim to explore doctors' expectations and perceptions of pharmacists while working together in a multi-disciplinary team in Sierra Leone. Setting Twelve public hospitals in Sierra Leone. Method A national cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and September 2018. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all doctors at randomly selected public hospitals. Data were analyzed in Excel and SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics, and a p > 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Main outcome measure Doctors' perceptions and expectations towards pharmacists role in patient care. Results A total of 119 out of 150 questionnaires were returned. Doctors hold a mixed perception of pharmacists. The majority of medical doctors believed that pharmacists are vital (n = 98; 82.4%) as they provide services that foster better patients outcomes (n = 78; 65.6%). However, about half (n = 58; 48.8%) expressed uncertainty or perceived pharmacists as incompetent in providing clinical pharmacy services. Our findings also showed a large proportion of doctors expect pharmacists to review medication order (n = 110; 92.4%) for appropriateness and monitoring patients' response to therapy and possible adverse drug effects (n = 112; 92.2%). M ore than three quarters (n = 104, 87.4%) were in favour of collaborating with pharmacists in the process of developing patients' treatment plans. Doctors (n = 116; 97.5%) were of the view that doctor-pharmacist collaborations can be improved by developing trust relationships through dialogue. No demographic characteristics were independently associated with doubt in pharmacist clinical competence. Conclusion Reservations regarding pharmacists' clinical competency still prevail amongst medical doctors. Conversely, they view pharmacists as crucial players in the healthcare delivery system in Sierra Leone. Doctors also have high expectations of pharmacists in terms of contributing to better patient outcomes and therefore wish to collaborate. Possible interventions to settle doctors' discontent regarding pharmacists may include fostering interprofessional training, practice, and constructive dialogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johna Alimamy Kabba
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, #76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China.,Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China's Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Peter Bai James
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.,Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Pharmacy Board, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, New England, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Christian Hanson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.,Pharmacy Board, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, New England, Freetown, Sierra Leone.,Pharmacy Department, Well Star Atlanta Medical Centre South, East Point, GA, USA.,Pharmacy Department, Emory Johns Creek Hospital, 6325 Hospital Pkwy, Johns Creek, GA, 30097, USA
| | - Jie Chang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, #76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China.,Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China's Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chenai Kitchen
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, #76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China.,Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China's Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Minghuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, #76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China.,Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China's Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Caijun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, #76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China.,Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China's Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, #76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China. .,Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Shaanxi Center for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi'an, China. .,Research Institute for Drug Safety and Monitoring, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, China's Western Technological Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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12
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Murshid MA, Mohaidin Z, Zayed M. Development and validation of an instrument designed to measure factors influencing physician prescribing decisions. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2020; 17:1616. [PMID: 31897258 PMCID: PMC6935548 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2019.4.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous attempts to develop an instrument to measure factors that influence prescribing decisions among physicians were relatively insufficient and lacked validation scale. Objective: We present a new tool that attempts to address this shortcoming. Hence, this study aims to develop and validate a self-administrated instrument to explain factors that influence the prescribing decisions of physicians. Methods: The questionnaire was developed based on literature and then subjected to an exhaustive assessment by a board of professionals and a pilot examination before being administered to 705 physicians. Three pre-tests were carried out to evaluate the quality of the survey items. In pre-test 1, after items are generated and the validity of their content is assessed by academics and physicians. In pre-test 2, the scale is carried out with a small sample of 20 respondents of physicians. In pre-test 3, fifty drop-off questionnaires were piloted amongst physicians to test the reliability. Results: On the basis of partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analyses using SmartPLS 3, the content and convergent validity of the instrument were confirmed with 44 items grouped into four categories, namely, marketing efforts, patient characteristics, pharmacist variables, and contextual factors with 13 reflective constructs. Conclusions: The study outcomes prove that the scale is more valid and reliable for measuring factors that influence the decision of the physician to prescribe the drug. The development and presentation of a scale of thirteen factors related to physicians prescribing decisions help to ensure valid findings and facilitates comparisons of studies and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ali Murshid
- PhD. Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Thamar University. Dhamar (Yemen). mohsen092@gmail
| | - Zurina Mohaidin
- PhD. Senior lecturer. Graduate School of Business (GSB), University of Science Malaysia. Penang (Malaysia).
| | - Mohammad Zayed
- PhD. Graduate School of Business, University of Science Malaysia. Penang (Malaysia).
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13
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Bollen A, Harrison R, Aslani P, van Haastregt JCM. Factors influencing interprofessional collaboration between community pharmacists and general practitioners-A systematic review. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2019; 27:e189-e212. [PMID: 30569475 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effective interprofessional collaboration is critical for sustaining high quality care in the context of the increasing burden on primary healthcare services. Despite this, there is limited understanding of the factors contributing to effective collaboration between general practitioners and community pharmacists. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the factors that impact on interprofessional collaboration between general practitioners (GPs) and community pharmacists (CPs). Keywords and synonyms were combined and applied to four databases (EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and MEDLINE) to identify articles published between January 2000 to April 2017. Relevant journals and reference lists were also hand-searched. A total of 37 articles met the eligibility criteria. Factors that posed a challenge to effective interprofessional collaboration were the perceived imbalance in hierarchy and power between the professions and a lack of understanding of each other's skills and knowledge. Experience of collaboration with the other party led to greater understanding of each other's capabilities and potential role in co-delivering patient care. The physical environment was also identified as important, with co-location and other resources to facilitate clear and regular communication identified as important facilitators of interprofessional collaboration. The review findings highlight a range of approaches that may positively influence interprofessional collaboration between GPs and CPS such as co-location, co-education to understand the professional capabilities of each group, and utilising compatible technologies to facilitate communication between the two professions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Bollen
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Public Health & Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Reema Harrison
- School of Public Health & Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Parisa Aslani
- School of Public Health & Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jolanda C M van Haastregt
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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14
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Murshid MA, Mohaidin Z. Influence of the expertise, collaborative efforts and trustworthiness of pharmacists on the prescribing decisions of physicians. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zurina Mohaidin
- Graduate School of Business Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
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15
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Weir NM, Newham R, Dunlop E, Bennie M. Factors influencing national implementation of innovations within community pharmacy: a systematic review applying the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Implement Sci 2019; 14:21. [PMID: 30832698 PMCID: PMC6398232 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-019-0867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To meet emergent healthcare needs, innovations need to be implemented into routine clinical practice. Community pharmacy is increasingly considered a setting through which innovations can be implemented to achieve positive service and clinical outcomes. Small-scale pilot programmes often need scaled up nation-wide to affect population level change. This systematic review aims to identify facilitators and barriers to the national implementation of community pharmacy innovations. Methods A systematic review exploring pharmacy staff perspectives of the barriers and facilitators to implementing innovations at a national level was conducted. The databases Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Open Grey were searched and supplemented with additional search mechanisms such as Zetoc alerts. Eligible studies underwent quality assessment, and a directed content analysis approach to data extraction was conducted and aligned to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to facilitate narrative synthesis. Results Thirty-nine studies were included: 16 were qualitative, 21 applied a questionnaire design, and 2 were mixed methods. Overarching thematic areas spanning across the CFIR domains were pharmacy staff engagement (e.g. their positive and negative perceptions), operationalisation of innovations (e.g. insufficient resources and training), and external engagement (e.g. the perceptions of patients and other healthcare professionals, and their relationship with the community pharmacy). Study participants commonly suggested improvements in the training offered, in the engagement strategies adopted, and in the design and quality of innovations. Conclusions This study’s focus on national innovations resulted in high-level recommendations to facilitate the development of successful national implementation strategies. These include (1) more robust piloting of innovations, (2) improved engagement strategies to increase awareness and acceptance of innovations, (3) promoting whole-team involvement within pharmacies to overcome time constraints, and (4) sufficient pre-implementation evaluation to gauge acceptance and appropriateness of innovations within real-world settings. The findings highlight the international challenge of balancing the professional, clinical, and commercial obligations within community pharmacy practice. A preliminary theory of how salient factors influence national implementation in the community pharmacy setting has been developed, with further research necessary to understand how the influence of these factors may differ within varying contexts. Trial registration A protocol for this systematic review was developed and uploaded onto the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews database (Registration number: CRD42016038876). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13012-019-0867-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Weir
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 40 Taylor Street, Robertson Trust Wing, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Rosemary Newham
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 40 Taylor Street, Robertson Trust Wing, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Emma Dunlop
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 40 Taylor Street, Robertson Trust Wing, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Marion Bennie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 40 Taylor Street, Robertson Trust Wing, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.,Information Services Division, NHS National Services Scotland, Gyle Square, 1 South Gyle Crescent, Edinburgh, EH12 9EB, UK
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16
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Jebara T, Cunningham S, MacLure K, Awaisu A, Pallivalapila A, Stewart D. Stakeholders' views and experiences of pharmacist prescribing: a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:1883-1905. [PMID: 29873098 PMCID: PMC6089831 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this systematic review were to: (1) critically appraise, synthesize and present the available evidence on the views and experiences of stakeholders on pharmacist prescribing and; (2) present the perceived facilitators and barriers for its global implementation. METHODS Medline, CINAHL, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, PsychArticles and Google Scholar databases were searched. Study selection, quality assessment and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. A narrative approach to data synthesis was undertaken due to heterogeneity, the nature of study types and outcome measures. RESULTS Sixty-five studies were identified, mostly from the UK (n = 34), followed by Australia (n = 13), Canada (n = 6) and USA (n = 5). Twenty-seven studies reported pharmacists' perspectives, with fewer studies focusing on patients' (n = 12), doctors' (n = 6), the general public's (n = 4), nurses' (n = 1), policymakers' (n = 1) and multiple stakeholders' (n = 14) perspectives. Most reported positive experiences and views, regardless of stage of implementation. The main benefits described were: ease of patient access to healthcare services, improved patient outcomes, better use of pharmacists' skills and knowledge, improved pharmacist job satisfaction, and reduced physician workload. Any lack of support for pharmacist prescribing was largely in relation to: accountability for prescribing, limited pharmacist diagnosis skills, lack of access to patient clinical records, and issues concerning organizational and financial support. CONCLUSION There is an accumulation of global evidence of the positive views and experiences of diverse stakeholder groups and their perceptions of facilitators and barriers to pharmacist prescribing. There are, however, organizational issues to be tackled which may otherwise impede the implementation and sustainability of pharmacist prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesnime Jebara
- School of Pharmacy and Life SciencesRobert Gordon UniversityUK
| | | | - Katie MacLure
- School of Pharmacy and Life SciencesRobert Gordon UniversityUK
| | | | | | - Derek Stewart
- School of Pharmacy and Life SciencesRobert Gordon UniversityUK
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17
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El-Awaisi A, El Hajj MS, Joseph S, Diack L. Perspectives of practising pharmacists towards interprofessional education and collaborative practice in Qatar. Int J Clin Pharm 2018; 40:1388-1401. [PMID: 30051221 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-018-0686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Healthcare is provided by a variety of different professionals, including pharmacists who are integral members of the team, and all are expected to work collaboratively to provide quality care. Little is known about the perceptions of pharmacists in Qatar towards interprofessional collaboration. Positive attitudes towards interprofessional education are essential to successful implementation of interprofessional collaboration. Therefore, to develop effective collaboration strategies in practice settings, it was essential to survey the attitudes of practising pharmacists towards collaboration. Objective To explore the awareness, views, attitudes and perceptions of practising pharmacists in Qatar towards interprofessional education and collaborative practice. Setting Community, hospital and primary healthcare settings in Qatar. Methods This was a two-staged sequential explanatory mixed method design. It utilised a quantitative survey (Stage 1), based on a modified version of the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale. This was followed by a qualitative stage, utilising focus groups (Stage 2). Main outcome measures (1) Qatar pharmacists' attitudes towards interprofessional education and collaborative practice; (2) Practising pharmacists' perspectives in relation to enablers, barriers and recommendations regarding interprofessional education and collaborative practice. Results 63% of the practising pharmacists (n = 178) responded to the survey. Three focus groups followed (total n = 14). High scores indicating readiness and positive attitudes towards interprofessional education were reported for pharmacists working in hospital, community and primary healthcare settings. Qualitative analysis identified three overarching themes in relation to the enablers, barriers and recommendations for practising pharmacists working collaboratively. The enabling themes were: professional and patient related benefits, and current positive influences in Qatar; the barriers were patients' negative perceptions; the status of the pharmacy profession and current working practices and processes; the recommendations related to improving patients' perceptions about pharmacists and enhancing the status of pharmacy profession in Qatar. The findings from this study highlighted two major observations: the lack of existence of collaborative practice and hierarchy and power play. Conclusion Pharmacists demonstrated willingness and readiness to develop interprofessional learning and collaborative practice with significant steps already taken towards improving collaborative working practices in different care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sundari Joseph
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Social Care, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Lesley Diack
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Care, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Sake FTN, Wong K, Bartlett DJ, Saini B. Integrated primary care insomnia management in Australia. Res Social Adm Pharm 2018; 14:170-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Al-Jumaili AA, Al-Rekabi MD, Doucette W, Hussein AH, Abbas HK, Hussein FH. Factors influencing the degree of physician-pharmacist collaboration within Iraqi public healthcare settings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2017; 25:411-417. [PMID: 28181318 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medication safety and effectiveness can be improved through interprofessional collaboration. The goals of this study were to measure the degree of physician-pharmacist collaboration within Iraqi governmental healthcare settings and to investigate factors influencing this collaboration. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Najaf Province using the Collaborative Working Relationship Model and Physician-Pharmacist Collaborative Instrument (PPCI). Four pharmacists distributed paper surveys with a 7-point Likert scale to a convenience sample of physicians and pharmacists working in seven public hospitals and two outpatient clinics. The questionnaire (in English) covered individual (demographics, practising years and academic affiliation), context (practice setting) and PPCI characteristics (trustworthiness, role specification and relationship initiation) in addition to collaborative care items: one for pharmacists and one for physicians. Separate multiple regressions were used to assess the association of the factors with collaborative care for physicians and for pharmacists. KEY FINDINGS Seventy-seven physicians and 86 pharmacists returned usable surveys (81.5% response rate). The majority of physicians were male (84%), while the majority of pharmacists were female (58%). The mean age of the physicians was (37.99 years) older than that of the pharmacists (30.35 years). The physicians had a longer period of practice (11.32 years) than pharmacists (5.45 years). Most (90%) of the providers were practising in hospitals. Pharmacist academic affiliation was significantly associated with collaborative care. The pharmacist and physician regressions indicated significant (P < 0.05) associations between collaborative care and two PPCI domains (role specification and relationship initiation for physicians; role specification and trustworthiness for pharmacists). CONCLUSIONS This study focused on physician-pharmacist collaboration within hospitals, and it was the first study measuring interprofessional collaboration in Iraq. The results showed there is physician-pharmacist collaboration within Iraqi hospitals and exchange characteristics had significant influence on this collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azeez Al-Jumaili
- The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Health Service Research Division, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - William Doucette
- The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Health Service Research Division, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ahmed H Hussein
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Humanity Studies University College, Al-Najaf, Iraq
| | - Hayder K Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Humanity Studies University College, Al-Najaf, Iraq
| | - Furqan H Hussein
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Humanity Studies University College, Al-Najaf, Iraq
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da Silva BA, Krishnamurthy M. The alarming reality of medication error: a patient case and review of Pennsylvania and National data. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2016; 6:31758. [PMID: 27609720 PMCID: PMC5016741 DOI: 10.3402/jchimp.v6.31758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Case description A 71-year-old female accidentally received thiothixene (Navane), an antipsychotic, instead of her anti-hypertensive medication amlodipine (Norvasc) for 3 months. She sustained physical and psychological harm including ambulatory dysfunction, tremors, mood swings, and personality changes. Despite the many opportunities for intervention, multiple health care providers overlooked her symptoms. Discussion Errors occurred at multiple care levels, including prescribing, initial pharmacy dispensation, hospitalization, and subsequent outpatient follow-up. This exemplifies the Swiss Cheese Model of how errors can occur within a system. Adverse drug events (ADEs) account for more than 3.5 million physician office visits and 1 million emergency department visits each year. It is believed that preventable medication errors impact more than 7 million patients and cost almost $21 billion annually across all care settings. About 30% of hospitalized patients have at least one discrepancy on discharge medication reconciliation. Medication errors and ADEs are an underreported burden that adversely affects patients, providers, and the economy. Conclusion Medication reconciliation including an ‘indication review’ for each prescription is an important aspect of patient safety. The decreasing frequency of pill bottle reviews, suboptimal patient education, and poor communication between healthcare providers are factors that threaten patient safety. Medication error and ADEs cost billions of health care dollars and are detrimental to the provider–patient relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna A da Silva
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Easton Hospital, Academic Affiliate of Drexel University, Easton, PA, USA;
| | - Mahesh Krishnamurthy
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Easton Hospital, Academic Affiliate of Drexel University, Easton, PA, USA
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21
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A model to inform community pharmacy's collaboration in outpatient care. Res Social Adm Pharm 2016; 12:529-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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