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Zhang GL, Liu Y, Liu YF, Huang XT, Tao Y, Chen ZH, Lai HL. Teneligliptin mitigates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:724-734. [PMID: 38680706 PMCID: PMC11045420 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i4.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is a complication of diabetes, poses a great threat to public health. Recent studies have confirmed the role of NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor protein 3) activation in DCM development through the inflammatory response. Teneligliptin is an oral hypoglycemic dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor used to treat diabetes. Teneligliptin has recently been reported to have anti-inflammatory and protective effects on myocardial cells. AIM To examine the therapeutic effects of teneligliptin on DCM in diabetic mice. METHODS Streptozotocin was administered to induce diabetes in mice, followed by treatment with 30 mg/kg teneligliptin. RESULTS Marked increases in cardiomyocyte area and cardiac hypertrophy indicator heart weight/tibia length reductions in fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and heart rate; increases in creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), aspartate transaminase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels; and upregulated NADPH oxidase 4 were observed in diabetic mice, all of which were significantly reversed by teneligliptin. Moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased release of interleukin-1β in diabetic mice were inhibited by teneligliptin. Primary mouse cardiomyocytes were treated with high glucose (30 mmol/L) with or without teneligliptin (2.5 or 5 µM) for 24 h. NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Increases in CK-MB, AST, and LDH levels in glucose-stimulated cardiomyocytes were markedly inhibited by teneligliptin, and AMP (p-adenosine 5'-monophosphate)-p-AMPK (activated protein kinase) levels were increased. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of teneligliptin on hyperglycaemia-induced cardiomyocytes were abolished by the AMPK signaling inhibitor compound C. CONCLUSION Overall, teneligliptin mitigated DCM by mitigating activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu-Lao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xian-Tao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhen-Huan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Heng-Li Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
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Yu X, Matico RE, Miller R, Chauhan D, Van Schoubroeck B, Grauwen K, Suarez J, Pietrak B, Haloi N, Yin Y, Tresadern GJ, Perez-Benito L, Lindahl E, Bottelbergs A, Oehlrich D, Van Opdenbosch N, Sharma S. Structural basis for the oligomerization-facilitated NLRP3 activation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1164. [PMID: 38326375 PMCID: PMC10850481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The NACHT-, leucine-rich-repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) is a critical intracellular inflammasome sensor and an important clinical target against inflammation-driven human diseases. Recent studies have elucidated its transition from a closed cage to an activated disk-like inflammasome, but the intermediate activation mechanism remains elusive. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of NLRP3, which forms an open octamer and undergoes a ~ 90° hinge rotation at the NACHT domain. Mutations on open octamer's interfaces reduce IL-1β signaling, highlighting its essential role in NLRP3 activation/inflammasome assembly. The centrosomal NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7) disrupts large NLRP3 oligomers and forms NEK7/NLRP3 monomers/dimers which is a critical step preceding the assembly of the disk-like inflammasome. These data demonstrate an oligomeric cooperative activation of NLRP3 and provide insight into its inflammasome assembly mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Yu
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation Medicine, Spring House, PA, 19044, USA.
| | - Rosalie E Matico
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation Medicine, Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Robyn Miller
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation Medicine, Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Dhruv Chauhan
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation Medicine, J&J Interventional Oncology, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Karolien Grauwen
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation Medicine, J&J Interventional Oncology, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Javier Suarez
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation Medicine, Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Beth Pietrak
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation Medicine, Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | - Nandan Haloi
- Department of Applied Physics, Swedish e-Science Research Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanting Yin
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation Medicine, Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | | | - Laura Perez-Benito
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation Medicine, Discovery Sciences, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Erik Lindahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Bottelbergs
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation Medicine, Discovery Sciences, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Daniel Oehlrich
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation Medicine, Discovery Sciences, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Nina Van Opdenbosch
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation Medicine, J&J Interventional Oncology, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation Medicine, Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
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Yuan Z, Yu D, Gou T, Tang G, Guo C, Shi J. Research progress of NLRP3 inflammasome and its inhibitors with aging diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175931. [PMID: 37495038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a new target closely linked to a variety of diseases has appeared in the researchers' vision, which is the NLRP3 inflammasome. With the deepening of the study of NLRP3 inflammasome, it was found that it plays an extremely important role in a variety of physiological pathological processes, and NLRP3 inflammasome was also found to be associated with some age-related diseases. It is associated with the development of insulin resistance, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's, cardiovascular aging, hearing and vision loss. At present, the only clinical approach to the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases is to use anti-IL-1β antibodies, but NLRP3-specific inhibitors may be better than the IL-1β antibodies. This article reviews the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome and aging diseases: summarizes some of the relevant experimental results reported in recent years, and introduces the biological signals or pathways closely related to the NLRP3 inflammasome in a variety of aging diseases, and also introduces some promising small molecule inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome for clinical treatment, such as: ZYIL1, DFV890 and OLT1177, they have excellent pharmacological effects and good pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Tingting Gou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Guoyuan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Chaudhry TS, Senapati SG, Gadam S, Mannam HPSS, Voruganti HV, Abbasi Z, Abhinav T, Challa AB, Pallipamu N, Bheemisetty N, Arunachalam SP. The Impact of Microbiota on the Gut-Brain Axis: Examining the Complex Interplay and Implications. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5231. [PMID: 37629273 PMCID: PMC10455396 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The association and interaction between the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS) is well established. Essentially ENS is the second brain, as we call it. We tried to understand the structure and function, to throw light on the functional aspect of neurons, and address various disease manifestations. We summarized how various neurological disorders influence the gut via the enteric nervous system and/or bring anatomical or physiological changes in the enteric nervous system or the gut and vice versa. It is known that stress has an effect on Gastrointestinal (GI) motility and causes mucosal erosions. In our literature review, we found that stress can also affect sensory perception in the central nervous system. Interestingly, we found that mutations in the neurohormone, serotonin (5-HT), would result in dysfunctional organ development and further affect mood and behavior. We focused on the developmental aspects of neurons and cognition and their relation to nutritional absorption via the gastrointestinal tract, the development of neurodegenerative disorders in relation to the alteration in gut microbiota, and contrariwise associations between CNS disorders and ENS. This paper further summarizes the synergetic relation between gastrointestinal and neuropsychological manifestations and emphasizes the need to include behavioral therapies in management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Srikanth Gadam
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Hari Priya Sri Sai Mannam
- GIH Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (GAIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (H.P.S.S.M.); (H.V.V.); (Z.A.); (T.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Hima Varsha Voruganti
- GIH Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (GAIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (H.P.S.S.M.); (H.V.V.); (Z.A.); (T.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Zainab Abbasi
- GIH Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (GAIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (H.P.S.S.M.); (H.V.V.); (Z.A.); (T.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Tushar Abhinav
- GIH Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (GAIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (H.P.S.S.M.); (H.V.V.); (Z.A.); (T.A.); (N.B.)
| | | | - Namratha Pallipamu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Niharika Bheemisetty
- GIH Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (GAIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (H.P.S.S.M.); (H.V.V.); (Z.A.); (T.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Shivaram P. Arunachalam
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.G.); (N.P.)
- GIH Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (GAIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (H.P.S.S.M.); (H.V.V.); (Z.A.); (T.A.); (N.B.)
- Microwave Engineering and Imaging Laboratory (MEIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Li D, Bühler M, Runft S, Gerold G, Marek K, Baumgärtner W, Strowig T, Gerhauser I. ASC- and caspase-1-deficient C57BL/6 mice do not develop demyelinating disease after infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10960. [PMID: 37414913 PMCID: PMC10326010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) induces an acute polioencephalomyelitis and a chronic demyelinating leukomyelitis in SJL mice. C57BL/6 (B6) mice generally do not develop TMEV-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) due to virus elimination. However, TMEV can persist in specific immunodeficient B6 mice such as IFNβ-/- mice and induce a demyelinating process. The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 are activated by the inflammasome pathway, which consists of a pattern recognition receptor molecule sensing microbial pathogens, the adaptor molecule Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and the executioner caspase-1. To analyze the contribution of the inflammasome pathway to the resistance of B6 mice to TMEV-IDD, ASC- and caspase-1-deficient mice and wild type littermates were infected with TMEV and investigated using histology, immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and Western Blot. Despite the antiviral activity of the inflammasome pathway, ASC- and caspase-1-deficient mice eliminated the virus and did not develop TMEV-IDD. Moreover, a similar IFNβ and cytokine gene expression was found in the brain of immunodeficient mice and their wild type littermates. Most importantly, Western Blot showed cleavage of IL-1β and IL-18 in all investigated mice. Consequently, inflammasome-dependent activation of IL-1β and IL-18 does not play a major role in the resistance of B6 mice to TMEV-IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Bühler
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Runft
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Marek
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department for Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingo Gerhauser
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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Khatoon S, Kalam N, Rashid S, Bano G. Effects of gut microbiota on neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1145241. [PMID: 37323141 PMCID: PMC10268008 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1145241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A progressive degradation of the brain's structure and function, which results in a reduction in cognitive and motor skills, characterizes neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD). The morbidity linked to NDs is growing, which poses a severe threat to human being's mental and physical ability to live well. The gut-brain axis (GBA) is now known to have a crucial role in the emergence of NDs. The gut microbiota is a conduit for the GBA, a two-way communication system between the gut and the brain. The myriad microorganisms that make up the gut microbiota can affect brain physiology by transmitting numerous microbial chemicals from the gut to the brain via the GBA or neurological system. The synthesis of neurotransmitters, the immunological response, and the metabolism of lipids and glucose have all been demonstrated to be impacted by alterations in the gut microbiota, such as an imbalance of helpful and harmful bacteria. In order to develop innovative interventions and clinical therapies for NDs, it is crucial to comprehend the participation of the gut microbiota in these conditions. In addition to using antibiotics and other drugs to target particular bacterial species that may be a factor in NDs, this also includes using probiotics and other fecal microbiota transplantation to maintain a healthy gut microbiota. In conclusion, the examination of the GBA can aid in understanding the etiology and development of NDs, which may benefit the improvement of clinical treatments for these disorders and ND interventions. This review indicates existing knowledge about the involvement of microbiota present in the gut in NDs and potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Khatoon
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nida Kalam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulnaz Bano
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Chiarini A, Gui L, Viviani C, Armato U, Dal Prà I. NLRP3 Inflammasome’s Activation in Acute and Chronic Brain Diseases—An Update on Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives with Respect to Other Inflammasomes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11040999. [PMID: 37189617 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly prevalent acute and chronic human brain diseases are scourges for the elderly. Besides the lack of therapies, these ailments share a neuroinflammation that is triggered/sustained by different innate immunity-related protein oligomers called inflammasomes. Relevant neuroinflammation players such as microglia/monocytes typically exhibit a strong NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Hence the idea that NLRP3 suppression might solve neurodegenerative ailments. Here we review the recent Literature about this topic. First, we update conditions and mechanisms, including RNAs, extracellular vesicles/exosomes, endogenous compounds, and ethnic/pharmacological agents/extracts regulating NLRP3 function. Second, we pinpoint NLRP3-activating mechanisms and known NLRP3 inhibition effects in acute (ischemia, stroke, hemorrhage), chronic (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, MS, ALS), and virus-induced (Zika, SARS-CoV-2, and others) human brain diseases. The available data show that (i) disease-specific divergent mechanisms activate the (mainly animal) brains NLRP3; (ii) no evidence proves that NLRP3 inhibition modifies human brain diseases (yet ad hoc trials are ongoing); and (iii) no findings exclude that concurrently activated other-than-NLRP3 inflammasomes might functionally replace the inhibited NLRP3. Finally, we highlight that among the causes of the persistent lack of therapies are the species difference problem in disease models and a preference for symptomatic over etiologic therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we posit that human neural cell-based disease models could drive etiological, pathogenetic, and therapeutic advances, including NLRP3’s and other inflammasomes’ regulation, while minimizing failure risks in candidate drug trials.
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Inhibition of Microglial Activation by Amitriptyline and Doxepin in Interferon-β Pre-Treated Astrocyte–Microglia Co-Culture Model of Inflammation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030493. [PMID: 36979303 PMCID: PMC10046476 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression may occur in patients with multiple sclerosis, especially during interferon-β (IFN-β) treatment, and therapy with antidepressants may be necessary. Interactions of IFN-β with antidepressants concerning glia-mediated inflammation have not yet been studied. Primary rat co-cultures of astrocytes containing 5% (M5, consistent with “physiological” conditions) or 30% (M30, consistent with “pathological, inflammatory” conditions) of microglia were incubated with 10 ng/mL amitriptyline or doxepin for 2 h, or with 2000 U/mL IFN-β for 22 h. To investigate the effects of antidepressants on IFN-β treatment, amitriptyline or doxepin was added to IFN-β pre-treated co-cultures. An MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was performed to measure the glial cell viability, immunocytochemistry was performed to evaluate the microglial activation state, and ELISA was performed to measure pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6 cytokine concentrations. Incubation of inflammatory astrocyte–microglia co-cultures with amitriptyline, doxepin or IFN-β alone, or co-incubation of IFN-β pre-treated co-cultures with both antidepressants, significantly reduced the extent of inflammation, with the inhibition of microglial activation. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were not affected. Accordingly, the two antidepressants did not interfere with the anti-inflammatory effect of IFN-β on astrocytes and microglia. Furthermore, no cytotoxic effects on glial cells were observed. This is the first in vitro study offering novel perspectives in IFN-β treatment and accompanying depression regarding glia.
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Xu Y, Biby S, Kaur B, Zhang S. A patent review of NLRP3 inhibitors to treat autoimmune diseases. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:455-470. [PMID: 37470439 PMCID: PMC10440821 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2239502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) can sense a plethora of exogenous and endogenous dangers. Upon activation, a multimeric protein complex, the NLRP3 inflammasome, is formed to initiate the innate immune responses. Emerging studies have implicated the pathophysiological roles of this protein complex in human disorders, highlighting that it represents a druggable target for therapeutics development. AREAS COVERED The current review summarizes the functional facets of the NLRP3 inflammasome, its association with autoimmune diseases, and recent patents on the development of NLRP3 inhibitors. Literature search was conducted using SciFinder and Google Patents with the key word NLRP3 and NLRP3 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Although significant advances have been made in understanding the NLRP3 inflammasome, more studies are still needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its roles in autoimmune diseases. A number of NLRP3 inhibitors have been patented, however, none of them have been approved for clinical use. Due to the complex nature of the NLRP3 inflammasome, novel screening assays along with target engagement methods could benefit the drug discovery and clinical translation. In addition, clinical trials on NLRP3 inhibitors are still in their early stages, and continuous investigations are needed to fully assess their safety and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Savannah Biby
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Baljit Kaur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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Li H, Niu X, Zhang D, Qu MH, Yang K. The role of the canonical nf-κb signaling pathway in the development of acute liver failure. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-21. [PMID: 36578157 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2162999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As a clinical emergency with a high mortality rate, the treatment of acute liver failure has been paid attention to by society. At present, liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for acute liver failure, but there is still an insufficient supply of liver sources and a poor prognosis. In view of the current therapeutic development of this disease, more researchers have turned their attention to the research of drugs related to the NF-κB pathway. The NF-κB canonical pathway has been proven to play a role in a variety of diseases, regulating inflammation, apoptosis, and other physiological processes. More and more evidence shows that the NF-κB canonical pathway regulates the pathogenesis of acute liver failure. In this review, we will summarize the regulation process of the NF-κB canonical pathway on acute liver failure, and develop a new way to treat acute liver failure by targeting the components of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Li
- Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Shandong Province Colleges and Universities, School of life science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao Niu
- Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Shandong Province Colleges and Universities, School of life science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Dajin Zhang
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang Respiratory Disease Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Mei-Hua Qu
- Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Shandong Province Colleges and Universities, School of life science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Kunning Yang
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang Respiratory Disease Hospital, Weifang, China
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Che J, Li D, Hong W, Wang L, Guo Y, Wu M, Lu J, Tong L, Weng Q, Wang J, Dong X. Discovery of new macrophage M2 polarization modulators as multiple sclerosis treatment agents that enable the inflammation microenvironment remodeling. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cao JF, Xingyu Yang, Li Xiong, Wu M, Chen S, Xu H, Gong Y, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Zhang X. Exploring the mechanism of action of dapansutrile in the treatment of gouty arthritis based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics. Front Physiol 2022; 13:990469. [PMID: 36105284 PMCID: PMC9465377 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.990469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Dapansutrile is an orally active β-sulfonyl nitrile compound that selectively inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome. Clinical studies have shown that dapansutrile is active in vivo and limits the severity of endotoxin-induced inflammation and joint arthritis. However, there is currently a lack of more in-depth research on the effect of dapansutrile on protein targets such as NLRP3 in gouty arthritis. Therefore, we used molecular docking and molecular dynamics to explore the mechanism of dapansutrile on NLRP3 and other related protein targets. Methods: We use bioinformatics to screen active pharmaceutical ingredients and potential disease targets. The disease-core gene target-drug network was established and molecular docking was used for verification. Molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to verify and analyze the binding stability of small molecule drugs to target proteins. The supercomputer platform was used to measure and analyze the binding free energy, the number of hydrogen bonds, the stability of the protein target at the residue level, the radius of gyration and the solvent accessible surface area. Results: The protein interaction network screened out the core protein targets (such as: NLRP3, TNF, IL1B) of gouty arthritis. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that gouty arthritis mainly played a vital role by the signaling pathways of inflammation and immune response. Molecular docking showed that dapansutrile play a role in treating gouty arthritis by acting on the related protein targets such as NLRP3, IL1B, IL6, etc. Molecular dynamics was used to prove and analyze the binding stability of active ingredients and protein targets, the simulation results found that dapansutrile forms a very stable complex with IL1B. Conclusion: We used bioinformatics analysis and computer simulation system to comprehensively explore the mechanism of dapansutrile acting on NLRP3 and other protein targets in gouty arthritis. This study found that dapansutrile may not only directly inhibit NLRP3 to reduce the inflammatory response and pyroptosis, but also hinder the chemotaxis and activation of inflammatory cells by regulating IL1B, IL6, IL17A, IL18, MMP3, CXCL8, and TNF. Therefore, dapansutrile treats gouty arthritis by attenuating inflammatory response, inflammatory cell chemotaxis and extracellular matrix degradation by acting on multiple targets.
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Cao R, Li Z, Wu C, Ji S, Li Y, Cao X, Dong X, Jiang M, Pang T, Wang C, Li J, Xu Y, Zhang CJ. Identification of a Small Molecule with Strong Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Sepsis through Blocking Gasdermin D Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:820-828. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a key inflammatory form of cell death participating in the progression of many inflammatory diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and sepsis. Identification of small molecules to inhibit pyroptosis is emerging as an attractive strategy. In this study, we performed a screening based on in silico docking of compounds on the reported Gasdermin D (GSDMD) three-dimensional structure and found C202-2729 demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects in both endotoxin shock and EAE mouse models. Oral administration of C202-2729 was capable of attenuating EAE disease severity significantly and has the comparable effects to teriflunomide, the first-line clinical drug of multiple sclerosis. We found C202-2729 remarkably suppressed macrophage and T cell–associated immune inflammation. Mechanistically, C202-2729 neither impact GSDMD cleavage nor the upstream inflammasome activation in mouse immortalized bone marrow–derived macrophages. However, C202-2729 exposure significantly repressed the IL-1β secretion and cell pyroptosis. We found C202-2729 directly bonds to the N terminus of GSDMD and blocks the migration of the N-terminal GSDMD fragment to cell membrane, restraining the pore-forming and mature IL-1β release. Collectively, our findings provide a new molecule with the potential for translational application in GSDMD-associated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjing Cao
- *Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- †Institute of Brain Sciences, Institute of Brain Disorder Translational Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- §Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ¶Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinical Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Zihao Li
- *Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- †Institute of Brain Sciences, Institute of Brain Disorder Translational Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- §Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ¶Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinical Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Chuyu Wu
- ‖State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; and
| | - Senlin Ji
- *Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- †Institute of Brain Sciences, Institute of Brain Disorder Translational Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- §Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ¶Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinical Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yahui Li
- *Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- †Institute of Brain Sciences, Institute of Brain Disorder Translational Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- §Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ¶Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinical Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- *Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- †Institute of Brain Sciences, Institute of Brain Disorder Translational Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- §Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ¶Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinical Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Xiaohong Dong
- *Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- †Institute of Brain Sciences, Institute of Brain Disorder Translational Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- §Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ¶Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinical Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Meiling Jiang
- *Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Tao Pang
- ‖State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; and
| | - Chenhui Wang
- #Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- *Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- †Institute of Brain Sciences, Institute of Brain Disorder Translational Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- §Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ¶Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinical Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yun Xu
- *Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- †Institute of Brain Sciences, Institute of Brain Disorder Translational Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- §Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ¶Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinical Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Cun-Jin Zhang
- *Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- †Institute of Brain Sciences, Institute of Brain Disorder Translational Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- §Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
- ¶Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinical Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
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Xia P, Shao YQ, Yu CC, Xie Y, Zhou ZJ. NLRP3 inflammasome up-regulates major histocompatibility complex class I expression and promotes inflammatory infiltration in polymyositis. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:39. [PMID: 35965334 PMCID: PMC9375941 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
This study was designed to investigate the role of the nucleotide-binding-domain -and leucine-rich repeat -containing (NLR) family, pyrin-domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathogenesis of polymyositis (PM).
Methods
Immunochemistry was performed to analyze the NLRP3, caspase-1 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) expression in the muscle tissue of PM patients. Rat model of PM and C2C12 cell were used to investigate the potential role of NLRP3 inflammasome in PM.
Results
The percentage of CD 68+ macrophages, and the expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the muscle tissue were elevated in 27 PM patients. LPS/ATP treatment resulted in activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and secretion of IL-1β as well as interferons (IFNs) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the Raw 264.7 macrophages. Meanwhile, LPS/ATP challenged activation of NLRP3 inflammasome induced overexpression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), a key molecular of PM in the co-cultured C2C12 cells. The effect was decreased by treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 or siRNA of NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings suggested certain levels of IL-1β rather than IFNs up-regulated MHC-I expression in C2C12 cells. IL-1β blockade using neutralizing IL-1β monoclonal antibody or siRNA of IL-1β suppressed MHC-I overexpression. In vivo, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition by MCC950 reduced the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β and MHC-I in the muscle tissue of PM modal rats. Also, it attenuated the intensity of muscle inflammation as well as the CRP, CK, and LDH levels in the serum.
Conclusion
NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β axis may play an important role in the development of PM. Inhibition of NLRP3 activation may hold promise in the treatment of PM.
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Zhang H, Chen Y, Wang Z, Xie G, Liu M, Yuan B, Chai H, Wang W, Cheng P. Implications of Gut Microbiota in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:785644. [PMID: 35237258 PMCID: PMC8882587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.785644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is increasing, posing a threat to the mental and physical quality of life of humans. The crucial effect of microbiota on brain physiological processes is mediated through a bidirectional interaction, termed as the gut–brain axis (GBA), which is being investigated in studies. Many clinical and laboratory trials have indicated the importance of microbiota in the development of NDs via various microbial molecules that transmit from the gut to the brain across the GBA or nervous system. In this review, we summarize the implications of gut microbiota in ND, which will be beneficial for understanding the etiology and progression of NDs that may in turn help in developing ND interventions and clinical treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Chen
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifan Wang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaijie Xie
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Boyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Chai
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, ; Ping Cheng,
| | - Ping Cheng
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, ; Ping Cheng,
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16
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Coenzyme Q 0 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation through Mitophagy Induction in LPS/ATP-Stimulated Macrophages. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4266214. [PMID: 35035661 PMCID: PMC8759827 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4266214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) analogs with a variable number of isoprenoid units have exhibited as anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant molecules. Using novel quinone derivative CoQ0 (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, zero side chain isoprenoid), we studied its molecular activities against LPS/ATP-induced inflammation and redox imbalance in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. CoQ0's non- or subcytotoxic concentration suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome and procaspase-1 activation, followed by downregulation of IL1β expression in LPS/ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Similarly, treatment of CoQ0 led to LC3-I/II accumulation and p62/SQSTM1 activation. An increase in the Beclin-1/Bcl-2 ratio and a decrease in the expression of phosphorylated PI3K/AKT, p70 S6 kinase, and mTOR showed that autophagy was activated. Besides, CoQ0 increased Parkin protein to recruit damaged mitochondria and induced mitophagy in LPS/ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. CoQ0 inhibited LPS/ATP-stimulated ROS generation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Notably, when LPS/ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with CoQ0, Mito-TEMPO (a mitochondrial ROS inhibitor), or N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a ROS inhibitor), there was a significant reduction of LPS/ATP-stimulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1β expression. Interestingly, treatment with CoQ0 or Mito-TEMPO, but not NAC, significantly increased LPS/ATP-induced LC3-II accumulation indicating that mitophagy plays a key role in the regulation of CoQ0-inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nrf2 knockdown significantly decreased IL1β expression in LPS/ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages suggesting that CoQ0 inhibited ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1β expression was suppressed due to the Nrf2 activation. Hence, this study showed that CoQ0 might be a promising candidate for the therapeutics of inflammatory disorders due to its effective anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant properties.
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17
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Griffiths WJ, Wang Y. Cholesterol metabolism: from lipidomics to immunology. J Lipid Res 2021; 63:100165. [PMID: 34953867 PMCID: PMC8953665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols, the oxidized forms of cholesterol or of its precursors, are formed in the first steps of cholesterol metabolism. Oxysterols have interested chemists, biologists, and physicians for many decades, but their exact biological relevance in vivo, other than as intermediates in bile acid biosynthesis, has long been debated. However, in the first quarter of this century, a role for side-chain oxysterols and their C-7 oxidized metabolites has been convincingly established in the immune system. 25-Hydroxycholesterol has been shown to be synthesized by macrophages in response to the activation of Toll-like receptors and to offer protection against microbial pathogens, whereas 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol has been shown to act as a chemoattractant to lymphocytes expressing the G protein-coupled receptor Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 and to be important in coordinating the action of B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid tissue. There is a growing body of evidence that not only these two oxysterols but also many of their isomers are of importance to the proper function of the immune system. Here, we review recent findings related to the roles of oxysterols in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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18
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Das B, Sarkar C, Rawat VS, Kalita D, Deka S, Agnihotri A. Promise of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors in In Vivo Disease Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164996. [PMID: 34443594 PMCID: PMC8399941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are conserved cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that track the intracellular milieu for the existence of infection, disease-causing microbes, as well as metabolic distresses. The NLRP3 inflammasome agglomerates are consequent to sensing a wide spectrum of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Certain members of the NLR family have been documented to lump into multimolecular conglomerates called inflammasomes, which are inherently linked to stimulation of the cysteine protease caspase-1. Following activation, caspase-1 severs the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 to their biologically active forms, with consequent commencement of caspase-1-associated pyroptosis. This type of cell death by pyroptosis epitomizes a leading pathway of inflammation. Accumulating scientific documentation has recorded overstimulation of NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome involvement in a wide array of inflammatory conditions. IL-1β is an archetypic inflammatory cytokine implicated in multiple types of inflammatory maladies. Approaches to impede IL-1β’s actions are possible, and their therapeutic effects have been clinically demonstrated; nevertheless, such strategies are associated with certain constraints. For instance, treatments that focus on systemically negating IL-1β (i.e., anakinra, rilonacept, and canakinumab) have been reported to result in an escalated peril of infections. Therefore, given the therapeutic promise of an NLRP3 inhibitor, the concerted escalated venture of the scientific sorority in the advancement of small molecules focusing on direct NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition is quite predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadeep Das
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +91-135-2462975
| | - Chayna Sarkar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Mawdiangdiang, Shillong 793018, Meghalaya, India;
| | - Vikram Singh Rawat
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Deepjyoti Kalita
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India; (D.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Sangeeta Deka
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India; (D.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Akash Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India;
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Abdullaha M, Ali M, Kour D, Mudududdla R, Khajuria P, Kumar A, Bharate SB. Tetramethoxystilbene Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Assembly via Blocking the Oligomerization of Apoptosis-Associated Speck-like Protein Containing Caspase Recruitment Domain: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1437-1448. [PMID: 34423275 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome complex regulates the caspase-1 activity and subsequent processing of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Various inflammatory diseases involve the activation of inflammasome complexes; thus, the intervention in complex formation via small molecules offers a new therapeutic opportunity. The structure-guided design and synthesis of a series of methoxystilbenes and methoxy-2-phenylnaphthalenes identified new inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome complex. The tetramethoxystilbene 4o and trimethoxy 2-phenylnaphthalene 1t inhibit the release of a mature form of IL-1β in J774A.1 cells with IC50 values of 1.39 and 2.07 μM, respectively. Mechanistic investigation revealed that tetramethoxystilbene 4o blocks the oligomerization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), which is the vital step in the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, thus preventing the activation of caspase-1 and the IL-1β release. Treatment of LPS+ATP challenged mice with 20 mg/kg of 4o significantly suppressed the levels of IL-1β. The data presented herein warrant further investigation of methoxystilbenes in disease-specific models of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Abdullaha
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mehboob Ali
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,PK-PD Toxicology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Dilpreet Kour
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,PK-PD Toxicology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ramesh Mudududdla
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Parul Khajuria
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,PK-PD Toxicology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,PK-PD Toxicology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Bai R, Lang Y, Shao J, Deng Y, Refuhati R, Cui L. The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Cerebrovascular Diseases Pathology and Possible Therapeutic Targets. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211018100. [PMID: 34053242 PMCID: PMC8168029 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211018100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases are pathological conditions involving impaired blood flow in the brain, primarily including ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage. The nucleotide-binding and oligomerisation (NOD) domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain (PYD)-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a protein complex and a vital component of the immune system. Emerging evidence has indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in cerebrovascular diseases. The function of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases remains an interesting field of research. In this review, we first summarised the pathological mechanism of cerebrovascular diseases and the pathological mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome in aggravating atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular diseases. Second, we outlined signalling pathways through which the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in aggravating or mitigating cerebrovascular diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), ROS/thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and purinergic receptor-7 (P2X7R) signalling pathways can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome; activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can aggravate cerebrovascular diseases by mediating apoptosis and pyroptosis. Autophagy/mitochondrial autophagy, nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), interferon (IFN)-β, sirtuin (SIRT), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) reportedly alleviate cerebrovascular diseases by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Finally, we explored specific inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome based on the two-step activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which can be developed as new drugs to treat cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Bai
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Lang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Reyisha Refuhati
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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de Oliveira LG, Angelo YDS, Iglesias AH, Peron JPS. Unraveling the Link Between Mitochondrial Dynamics and Neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624919. [PMID: 33796100 PMCID: PMC8007920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health problem worldwide, especially with the increase of life-expectancy observed during the last decades. For many of these diseases, we still lack a full understanding of their etiology and pathophysiology. Nonetheless their association with mitochondrial dysfunction highlights this organelle as an important player during CNS homeostasis and disease. Markers of Parkinson (PD) and Alzheimer (AD) diseases are able to induce innate immune pathways induced by alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis leading to neuroinflammation. Additionally, exacerbated type I IFN responses triggered by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), failures in mitophagy, ER-mitochondria communication and mtROS production promote neurodegeneration. On the other hand, regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is essential for CNS health maintenance and leading to the induction of IL-10 and reduction of TNF-α secretion, increased cell viability and diminished cell injury in addition to reduced oxidative stress. Thus, although previously solely seen as power suppliers to organelles and molecular processes, it is now well established that mitochondria have many other important roles, including during immune responses. Here, we discuss the importance of these mitochondrial dynamics during neuroinflammation, and how they correlate either with the amelioration or worsening of CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Gomes de Oliveira
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Immunology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB) IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yan de Souza Angelo
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Immunology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB) IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio H Iglesias
- Loyola University Medical Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Immunology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB) IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Loyola University Medical Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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22
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Feng YS, Tan ZX, Wu LY, Dong F, Zhang F. The involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111428. [PMID: 33667787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In an ageing society, neurodegenerative diseases have attracted attention because of their high incidence worldwide. Despite extensive research, there is a lack of conclusive insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, which limit the strategies for symptomatic treatment. Therefore, better elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases can provide an important theoretical basis for the discovery of new and effective prevention and treatment methods. The innate immune system is activated during the ageing process and in response to neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that play an important role in the activation of the innate immune system. They mediate inflammatory reactions and pyroptosis, which are closely involved in neurodegeneration. There are different types of inflammasomes, although the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most common inflammasome; NLRP3 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms that are involved in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its crucial role in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. We will also review various treatments that target the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and alleviate neuroinflammation. Finally, we will summarize the novel treatment strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shuo Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Lin-Yu Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and intervention, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
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23
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Riaz M, Rehman AU, Shah SA, Rafiq H, Lu S, Qiu Y, Wadood A. Predicting Multi-Interfacial Binding Mechanisms of NLRP3 and ASC Pyrin Domains in Inflammasome Activation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:603-612. [PMID: 33504150 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3-PYD inflammasome activates an inflammatory pathway in response to a wide variety of cell damage or infections. Dysregulated NLRP3 inflammatory signaling has many chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. NLRP3 and ASC have a PYD, a superfamily member of the Death Domain, which plays a key role in inflammatory assembly. The ASC interacts with NLRP3 through a homotypic PYD and recruits the procaspase-1 through a homotypic caspase recruitment domain interaction. Here, we used several computational approaches to reveal the interactions of the NLRP3 and ASC PYD domains that lead to the activation of the inflammasome complex. We have characterized ASC and NLRP3-PYD intermolecular interactions by protein-protein docking, and further molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to evaluate the stability of NLRP3/ASC-PYD complex. Subsequently, we have identified several residues that stabilize the NLRP3/ASC-PYD complex in different faces (i.e., Face-1 to Face-4). The research framework offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms of inflammasome and apoptosis signaling as well as the ease of the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shahid Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Rafiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yingying Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Tiantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317200, China
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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24
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Rutsch A, Kantsjö JB, Ronchi F. The Gut-Brain Axis: How Microbiota and Host Inflammasome Influence Brain Physiology and Pathology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:604179. [PMID: 33362788 PMCID: PMC7758428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota has a fundamental role in host physiology and pathology. Gut microbial alteration, also known as dysbiosis, is a condition associated not only with gastrointestinal disorders but also with diseases affecting other distal organs. Recently it became evident that the intestinal bacteria can affect the central nervous system (CNS) physiology and inflammation. The nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract are communicating through a bidirectional network of signaling pathways called the gut-brain axis, which consists of multiple connections, including the vagus nerve, the immune system, and bacterial metabolites and products. During dysbiosis, these pathways are dysregulated and associated with altered permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neuroinflammation. However, numerous mechanisms behind the impact of the gut microbiota in neuro-development and -pathogenesis remain poorly understood. There are several immune pathways involved in CNS homeostasis and inflammation. Among those, the inflammasome pathway has been linked to neuroinflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, but also anxiety and depressive-like disorders. The inflammasome complex assembles upon cell activation due to exposure to microbes, danger signals, or stress and lead to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and interleukin-18) and to pyroptosis. Evidences suggest that there is a reciprocal influence of microbiota and inflammasome activation in the brain. However, how this influence is precisely working is yet to be discovered. Herein, we discuss the status of the knowledge and the open questions in the field focusing on the function of intestinal microbial metabolites or products on CNS cells during healthy and inflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and also neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, we focus on the innate inflammasome pathway as immune mechanism that can be involved in several of these conditions, upon exposure to certain microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesca Ronchi
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Research, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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25
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Govindarajan V, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Keane RW. Role of inflammasomes in multiple sclerosis and their potential as therapeutic targets. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:260. [PMID: 32878648 PMCID: PMC7469327 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and it remains the most common immune-mediated disorder affecting the CNS. While the cause of MS is unclear, the underlying pathomechanisms are thought to be either destruction by autoimmune T cells or dysfunction of myelin-producing cells. Recent advances have indicated that inflammasomes contribute the etiology of MS. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes of the innate immune response involved in the processing of caspase-1, the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 as well as the cell death-mediated mechanism of pyroptosis and the activation of the adaptive immune response. Here we review the literature to date on the role of different inflammasome signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of MS and how these pathways may be targeted to reduce deleterious inflammatory processes and improve outcomes in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidya Govindarajan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave RMSB 5058, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave RMSB 5058, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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26
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Multifaceted Functions of CH25H and 25HC to Modulate the Lipid Metabolism, Immune Responses, and Broadly Antiviral Activities. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070727. [PMID: 32640529 PMCID: PMC7411728 DOI: 10.3390/v12070727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the frequent outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases in recent years, an effective broad-spectrum antiviral drug is becoming an urgent need for global public health. Cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and its enzymatic products 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a well-known oxysterol that regulates lipid metabolism, have been reported to play multiple functions in modulating cholesterol homeostasis, inflammation, and immune responses. CH25H and 25HC were recently identified as exerting broadly antiviral activities, including upon a variety of highly pathogenic viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Nipah virus (NiV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). The underlying mechanisms for its antiviral activities are being extensively investigated but have not yet been fully clarified. In this study, we summarized the current findings on how CH25H and 25HC play multiple roles to modulate cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, immunity, and antiviral infections. Overall, 25HC should be further studied as a potential therapeutic agent to control emerging infectious diseases in the future.
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27
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Yavarpour-Bali H, Ghasemi-Kasman M. The role of inflammasomes in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2020; 27:1323-1331. [PMID: 32539629 DOI: 10.1177/1352458520932776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered as an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with a complex and heterogenic etiology. However, the involvement of inflammation in its pathophysiology is well documented and current therapies for MS are mainly immunosuppressive drugs. Although the available drugs reduce new lesions and relapses, their long-term outcome is not completely satisfactory. Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes that play a critical role in the inflammatory process. Several lines of evidence suggest an association between inflammasome activation and MS. In this paper, we have reviewed current studies that demonstrate the involvement of inflammasomes in MS development, in both animal model and MS patients. Furthermore, prior studies about the effect of inflammasome inhibitor drugs on development and progression of MS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran/Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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28
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Minagawa K, Yamada SI, Suzuki A, Ta S, Kumai T, Lambein F, Kusama-Eguchi K. Stress-related over-enhancement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis causes experimental neurolathyrism in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103245. [PMID: 31499324 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurolathyrism is a motor neuron disease that is caused by the overconsumption of grass peas (Lathyrus sativus L.) under stressful conditions. The neuro-excitatory β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid present in grass peas was proposed the causative agent of spastic paraparesis of the legs. Historical reports of neurolathyrism epidemics, studies of neurolathyrism animal models, and in vitro studies on the mechanism of β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid toxicity support the hypothesis that stress increases susceptibility to neurolathyrism. To elucidate the role of stress in neurolathyrism-induced motor dysfunction, we focused on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in a rodent model of neurolathyrism. Our results implicated increased glucocorticoid and neuroinflammation in the motor dysfunction (paraparesis) exhibited by the stress loaded rat models of neurolathyrism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimino Minagawa
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yamada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Ayano Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Saeko Ta
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Toshio Kumai
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Fernand Lambein
- International Plant Biotechnology Outreach, VIB, Technologiepark 122, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kuniko Kusama-Eguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Chiba 274-8555, Japan.
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29
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Zahid A, Li B, Kombe AJK, Jin T, Tao J. Pharmacological Inhibitors of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2538. [PMID: 31749805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02538/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes play a crucial role in innate immunity by serving as signaling platforms which deal with a plethora of pathogenic products and cellular products associated with stress and damage. By far, the best studied and most characterized inflammasome is NLRP3 inflammasome, which consists of NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3), ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain), and procaspase-1. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is mediated by highly diverse stimuli. Upon activation, NLRP3 protein recruits the adapter ASC protein, which recruits the procaspase-1 resulting in its cleavage and activation, inducing the maturation, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis. However, aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in various diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases; raising a tremendous clinical interest in exploring the potential inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome. Recent investigations have disclosed various inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway which were validated through in vitro studies and in vivo experiments in animal models of NLRP3-associated disorders. Some of these inhibitors directly target the NLRP3 protein whereas some are aimed at other components and products of the inflammasome. Direct targeting of NLRP3 protein can be a better choice because it can prevent off target immunosuppressive effects, thus restrain tissue destruction. This paper will review the various pharmacological inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome and will also discuss their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zahid
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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30
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Zahid A, Li B, Kombe AJK, Jin T, Tao J. Pharmacological Inhibitors of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2538. [PMID: 31749805 PMCID: PMC6842943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes play a crucial role in innate immunity by serving as signaling platforms which deal with a plethora of pathogenic products and cellular products associated with stress and damage. By far, the best studied and most characterized inflammasome is NLRP3 inflammasome, which consists of NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3), ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain), and procaspase-1. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is mediated by highly diverse stimuli. Upon activation, NLRP3 protein recruits the adapter ASC protein, which recruits the procaspase-1 resulting in its cleavage and activation, inducing the maturation, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis. However, aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in various diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases; raising a tremendous clinical interest in exploring the potential inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome. Recent investigations have disclosed various inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway which were validated through in vitro studies and in vivo experiments in animal models of NLRP3-associated disorders. Some of these inhibitors directly target the NLRP3 protein whereas some are aimed at other components and products of the inflammasome. Direct targeting of NLRP3 protein can be a better choice because it can prevent off target immunosuppressive effects, thus restrain tissue destruction. This paper will review the various pharmacological inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome and will also discuss their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zahid
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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31
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TLR3 preconditioning induces anti-inflammatory and anti-ictogenic effects in mice mediated by the IRF3/IFN-β axis. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:598-607. [PMID: 31336144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) was previously shown to contribute to the generation of epileptic seizures in rodents by evoking a proinflammatory response in the forebrain. This suggests that TLR3 blockade may provide therapeutic effects in epilepsy. We report that brain activation of TLR3 using the synthetic receptor ligand Poly I:C may also result in remarkable dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effects on acute seizures in mice without inducing inflammation. These inhibitory effects are associated with reduced neuronal excitability in the hippocampus as shown by a decrease in the population spike amplitude of CA1 pyramidal neurons following Schaffer collaterals stimulation. TLR3 activation which results in seizure inhibition does not evoke NF-kB-dependent inflammatory molecules or morphological activation of glia, however, it induces the alternative interferon (IFN) regulatory factor (IRF)-3/IFN-β signaling pathway. IFN-β reproduced the inhibitory effects of Poly I:C on neuronal excitability in hippocampal slices. Seizure inhibition attained with activation the TLR3-IRF3/IFN-β axis should be carefully considered when TLR3 are targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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32
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Faraji F, Hashemi M, Ghiasabadi A, Davoudian S, Talaie A, Ganji A, Mosayebi G. Combination therapy with interferon beta-1a and sesame oil in multiple sclerosis. Complement Ther Med 2019; 45:275-279. [PMID: 31331574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Several effector mechanisms are involved in the immunopathology of MS and a variety of medications such as beta interferons are applied to treat the disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of sesame oil in combination with interferon beta-1a in MS treatment. METHODS Ninety-three MS patients were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n = 39) received 30 μg/week of interferon beta-1a intra-muscularly. The sesame oil-treated group (n = 54) received interferon beta-1a the same as the control group with the addition of 0.5 ml/kg/day of oral sesame oil for 6 months. RESULTS After the 6-month study period, the interleukin (IL)-10 concentration in the sesame oil-treated group was significantly greater than that of the control group (p = 0.04). The concentrations of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the sesame oil group after treatment were significantly less than those of the control group (p = 0.029, p = 0.0001, and p = 0.01, respectively). Lymphocyte proliferation in the sesame oil-treated group was significantly lower at the end of the study than at the beginning (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Sesame oil, through a decrease in IFN-γ secretion and anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, may have beneficial effects for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardin Faraji
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahya Hashemi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ghiasabadi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Sadaf Davoudian
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Afsoon Talaie
- Department of Health, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Ganji
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ghasem Mosayebi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran; Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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33
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Vidmar L, Maver A, Drulović J, Sepčić J, Novaković I, Ristič S, Šega S, Peterlin B. Multiple Sclerosis patients carry an increased burden of exceedingly rare genetic variants in the inflammasome regulatory genes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9171. [PMID: 31235738 PMCID: PMC6591387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of rare genetic variation and the innate immune system in the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is being increasingly recognized. Recently, we described several rare variants in the NLRP1 gene, presumably conveying an increased risk for familial MS. In the present study we aimed to assess rare genetic variation in the inflammasome regulatory network. We performed whole exome sequencing of 319 probands, comprising patients with familial MS, sporadic MS and control subjects. 62 genes involved in the NLRP1/NLRP3 inflammasome regulation were screened for potentially pathogenic rare genetic variation. Aggregate mutational burden was analyzed, considering the variants' predicted pathogenicity and frequency in the general population. We demonstrate an increased (p = 0.00004) variant burden among MS patients which was most pronounced for the exceedingly rare variants with high predicted pathogenicity. These variants were found in inflammasome genes (NLRP1/3, CASP1), genes mediating inflammasome inactivation via auto and mitophagy (RIPK2, MEFV), and genes involved in response to infection with DNA viruses (POLR3A, DHX58, IFIH1) and to type-1 interferons (TYK2, PTPRC). In conclusion, we present new evidence supporting the importance of rare genetic variation in the inflammasome signaling pathway and its regulation via autophagy and interferon-β to the etiology of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovro Vidmar
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, Slajmerjeva 3, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ales Maver
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, Slajmerjeva 3, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jelena Drulović
- Clinic of Neurology, CCS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juraj Sepčić
- Postgraduate Study, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Novaković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Institute of Human Genetics, 26 Visegradska, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Smiljana Ristič
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Saša Šega
- Division of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, Slajmerjeva 3, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Alishahi M, Farzaneh M, Ghaedrahmati F, Nejabatdoust A, Sarkaki A, Khoshnam SE. NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke: As possible therapeutic target. Int J Stroke 2019; 14:574-591. [PMID: 30940045 DOI: 10.1177/1747493019841242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a devastating pathophysiological process during stroke, a devastating disease that is the second most common cause of death worldwide. Activation of the NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP3)-infammasome has been proposed to mediate inflammatory responses during ischemic stroke. Briefly, NLRP3 inflammasome activates caspase-1, which cleaves both pro-IL-1 and pro-IL-18 into their active pro-inflammatory cytokines that are released into the extracellular environment. Several NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors have been promoted, including small molecules, type I interferon, micro RNAs, nitric oxide, and nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), some of which are potentially efficacious clinically. This review will describe the structure and cellular signaling pathways of the NLRP3 inflammasome during ischemic stroke, and current evidence for NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Alishahi
- 1 Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- 2 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- 3 Immunology Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Armin Nejabatdoust
- 4 Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- 5 Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- 5 Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Celias DP, Corvo I, Silvane L, Tort JF, Chiapello LS, Fresno M, Arranz A, Motrán CC, Cervi L. Cathepsin L3 From Fasciola hepatica Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome Alternative Activation in Murine Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:552. [PMID: 30967874 PMCID: PMC6438957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of IL-1-family cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 is finely regulated by inflammasome activation after the recognition of pathogens associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) and danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). However, little is known about the helminth-derived molecules capable of activating the inflammasome. In the case of the helminth trematode Fasciola hepatica, the secretion of different cathepsin L cysteine peptidases (FhCL) is crucial for the parasite survival. Among these enzymes, cathepsin L3 (FhCL3) is expressed mainly in the juvenile or invasive stage. The ability of FhCL3 to digest collagen has demonstrated to be critical for intestinal tissue invasion during juvenile larvae migration. However, there is no information about the interaction of FhCL3 with the immune system. It has been shown here that FhCL3 induces a non-canonical inflammasome activation in dendritic cells (DCs), leading to IL-1β and IL-18 production without a previous microbial priming. Interestingly, this activation was depending on the cysteine protease activity of FhCL3 and the NLRP3 receptor, but independent of caspase activation. We also show that FhCL3 is internalized by DCs, promoting pro-IL-1β cleavage to its mature and biologically active form IL-1β, which is released to the extracellular environment. The FhCL3-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation conditions DCs to promote a singular adaptive immune response, characterized by increased production of IFN-γ and IL-13. These data reveal an unexpected ability of FhCL3, a helminth-derived molecule, to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is independent of the classical mechanism involving caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Pamela Celias
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ileana Corvo
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Moléculas Bioactivas, CENUR Litoral Norte - Sede Paysandú, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Leonardo Silvane
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José Francisco Tort
- Departmento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Silvina Chiapello
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Arranz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Cristina Motrán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Cervi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
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36
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Ma Q, Xing C, Long W, Wang HY, Liu Q, Wang RF. Impact of microbiota on central nervous system and neurological diseases: the gut-brain axis. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:53. [PMID: 30823925 PMCID: PMC6397457 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of central nervous system (CNS) is regulated by both intrinsic and peripheral signals. Previous studies have suggested that environmental factors affect neurological activities under both physiological and pathological conditions. Although there is anatomical separation, emerging evidence has indicated the existence of bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota, i.e., (diverse microorganisms colonizing human intestine), and brain. The cross-talk between gut microbiota and brain may have crucial impact during basic neurogenerative processes, in neurodegenerative disorders and tumors of CNS. In this review, we discuss the biological interplay between gut-brain axis, and further explore how this communication may be dysregulated in neurological diseases. Further, we highlight new insights in modification of gut microbiota composition, which may emerge as a promising therapeutic approach to treat CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianquan Ma
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenyong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Helen Y Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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37
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Herman FJ, Pasinetti GM. Principles of inflammasome priming and inhibition: Implications for psychiatric disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:66-84. [PMID: 29902514 PMCID: PMC6526722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of inflammatory proteins by the innate immune system is a tightly orchestrated procedure that allows the body to efficiently respond to exogenous and endogenous threats. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that disturbances in the inflammatory response system not only provoke autoimmune disorders, but also can have deleterious effects on neuronal function and mental health. As inflammation in the brain is primarily mediated by microglia, there has been an expanding focus on the mechanisms through which these cells initiate and propagate neuroinflammation. Microglia can enter persistently active states upon their initial recognition of an environmental stressor and are thereafter prone to elicit amplified and persistent inflammatory responses following subsequent exposures to stressors. A recent focus on why primed microglia cells are susceptible to environmental insults has been the NLRP3 inflammasome. Its function within the innate immune system is regulated in such a manner that supports a role for the complex in gating neuroinflammatory responses. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia results in the cleavage of zymogen inflammatory interleukins into functional forms that elicit a number of consequential effects in the local neuronal environment. There is evidence to support the principle that within primed neuroimmune systems a lowered threshold for NLRP3 activation can cause persistent neuroinflammation or the amplified production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18. Over the course of an individual's lifetime, persistent neuroinflammation can subsequently lead to the pathophysiological signatures that define psychological disorders. Therefore, targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome complex may represent an innovative and consequential approach to limit neuroinflammatory states in psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J. Herman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA,Department of Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
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38
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Shao BZ, Cao Q, Liu C. Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Treatment of CNS Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:320. [PMID: 30233319 PMCID: PMC6131647 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) is one of the largest killers of people’s health all over the world. The overactivation of the immune and inflammatory responses is considered as an important factor, contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of CNS disorders. Among all kinds of immune and inflammatory reaction, the inflammasome, a complex of proteins, has been drawn increasingly attention to by researchers. The initiation and activation of the inflammasome is involved in the onset of various kinds of diseases. The NLRP3 inflammasome, the most studied member of the inflammasome, is closely associated with many kinds of CNS disorders. Here in this review, the roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis and progression of several well-known CNS diseases would be discussed, including cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, multiple sclerosis, depression as well as other CNS disorders. In addition, several therapeutic strategies targeting on the NLRP3 inflammasome for the treatment of CNS disorders would be described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Zong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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39
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Ahmed CM, Massengill MT, Brown EE, Ildefonso CJ, Johnson HM, Lewin AS. A cell penetrating peptide from SOCS-1 prevents ocular damage in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Exp Eye Res 2018; 177:12-22. [PMID: 30048621 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe an immunosuppressive peptide corresponding to the kinase inhibitory region (KIR) of the intracellular checkpoint protein suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS-1) that binds to the phospho-tyrosine containing regions of the tyrosine kinases JAK2 and TYK2 and the adaptor protein MAL, and thereby inhibits signaling downstream from these signaling mediators. The peptide, SOCS1-KIR, is thus capable of downregulating overactive JAK/STAT or NF-kB signaling in somatic cells, including those in many compartments of the eye. Attachment of poly-arginine to this peptide (R9-SOCS1-KIR) allows it to penetrate the plasma membrane in aqueous media. R9-SOCS1-KIR was tested in ARPE-19 cells and was found to attenuate mediators of inflammation by blocking the inflammatory effects of IFNγ, TNFα, or IL-17A. R9-SOCS1-KIR and also protected against TNFα or IL-17A mediated damage to the barrier properties of ARPE-19 cells, as evidenced by immunostaining with the tight junction protein, zona occludin 1 (ZO-1), and measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) was generated in B10. RIII mice using a peptide of interphotoreceptor retinal binding protein (IRBP161-180) as immunogen. Topical administration of R9-SOCS1-KIR, 2 days before (prophylactic), or 7 days after immunization (therapeutic) protected ocular structure and function as seen by fundoscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electroretinography (ERG). The ability R9-SOCS1-KIR to suppress ocular inflammation and preserve barrier properties of retinal pigment epithelium makes it a potential candidate for treatment of autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulbul M Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610 USA
| | - Michael T Massengill
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610 USA
| | - Emily E Brown
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610 USA
| | | | - Howard M Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alfred S Lewin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610 USA.
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40
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Lenalidomide regulates CNS autoimmunity by promoting M2 macrophages polarization. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:251. [PMID: 29445144 PMCID: PMC5833426 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating neurological disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by infiltration of leukocytes into CNS and subsequent demyelination. Emerging evidences have revealed the beneficial roles of M2 macrophages in ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for MS. Here, we identify that lenalidomide alone could promote macrophages M2 polarization to prevent the progression of EAE, which is associated with subsequent inhibition of proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells both in peripheral lymph system and CNS. Depletion of macrophages by pharmacology treatment of clodronate liposomes or transferring lenalidomide-induced BMDMs in EAE mice completely abolished the therapeutic effect of lenalidomide or prevented EAE development, respectively. The macrophages-derived IL10 was upregulated both in vivo and in vitro after lenalidomide treatment. Moreover, lenalidomide-treated IL10-dificient EAE mice had higher clinical scores and more severe CNS damage, and intravenous injection of lenalidomide-treated IL10−/− BMDMs into mice with EAE at disease onset did not reverse disease severity, implying IL10 may be essential in lenalidomide-ameliorated EAE. Mechanistically, lenalidomide significantly increased expression and autocrine secretion of IL10, subsequently activated STAT3-mediated expression of Ym1. These studies facilitate the development of potential novel therapeutic application of lenalidomide for the treatment of MS.
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41
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IFN-β regulates Th17 differentiation partly through the inhibition of osteopontin in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mol Immunol 2018; 93:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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43
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Tanikawa N, Seno K, Kawahara-Miki R, Kimura K, Matsuyama S, Iwata H, Kuwayama T, Shirasuna K. Interferon Tau Regulates Cytokine Production and Cellular Function in Human Trophoblast Cell Line. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:456-466. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Kotomi Seno
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | | | - Koji Kimura
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuyama
- Animal Feeding and Management Research Division, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
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44
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Zalinger ZB, Elliott R, Weiss SR. Role of the inflammasome-related cytokines Il-1 and Il-18 during infection with murine coronavirus. J Neurovirol 2017; 23:845-854. [PMID: 28895072 PMCID: PMC5726909 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasome, a cytosolic protein complex that mediates the processing and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is one of the first responders during viral infection. The cytokines secreted following inflammasome activation, which include IL-1 and IL-18, regulate cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system, guiding the subsequent immune responses. In this study, we used murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), infection of the central nervous system and liver to assess of the role of the inflammasome and its related cytokines on pathogenesis and host defense during viral infection. Mice lacking all inflammasome signaling due to the absence of caspase-1 and -11 were more vulnerable to infection, with poor survival and elevated viral replication compared to wild-type mice. Mice lacking IL-1 signaling experienced elevated viral replication but similar survival compared to wild-type controls. In the absence of IL-18, mice had elevated viral replication and poor survival, and this protective effect of IL-18 was found to be due to promotion of interferon gamma production in αβ T cells. These data suggest that inflammasome signaling is largely protective during murine coronavirus infection, in large part due to the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B Zalinger
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6076, USA.,Moderna Therapeutics, 320 Bent Street, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Ruth Elliott
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6076, USA
| | - Susan R Weiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6076, USA.
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45
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Lobo-Silva D, Carriche GM, Castro AG, Roque S, Saraiva M. Interferon-β regulates the production of IL-10 by toll-like receptor-activated microglia. Glia 2017; 65:1439-1451. [PMID: 28617991 PMCID: PMC7165667 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors, such as toll‐like receptors (TLRs), perceive tissue alterations and initiate local innate immune responses. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, encode TLRs which primary role is to protect the tissue integrity. However, deregulated activation of TLRs in microglia may lead to chronic neurodegeneration. This double role of microglial responses is often reported in immune‐driven neurologic diseases, as in multiple sclerosis (MS). Consequently, strategies to manipulate microglia inflammatory responses may help to ameliorate disease progression. In this context, the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐10 appears as an attractive target. In this study, we investigated how activation of microglia by TLRs with distinct roles in MS impacts on IL‐10 production. We found that activation of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 induced the production of IL‐10 to a greater extent than activation of TLR3. This was surprising as both TLR3 and IL‐10 play protective roles in animal models of MS. Interestingly, combination of TLR3 triggering with the other TLRs, enhanced IL‐10 through the modulation of its transcription, via interferon (IFN)‐β, but independently of IL‐27. Thus, in addition to the modulation of inflammatory responses of the periphery described for the axis TLR3/IFN‐β, we now report a direct modulation of microglial responses. We further show that the presence of IFN‐γ in the microenvironment abrogated the modulation of IL‐10 by TLR3, whereas that of IL‐17 had no effect. Considering the therapeutic application of IFN‐β in MS, our study bears important implications for the understanding of the cytokine network regulating microglia responses in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Lobo-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Guilhermina M Carriche
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Gil Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana Roque
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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46
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Conos SA, Chen KW, De Nardo D, Hara H, Whitehead L, Núñez G, Masters SL, Murphy JM, Schroder K, Vaux DL, Lawlor KE, Lindqvist LM, Vince JE. Active MLKL triggers the NLRP3 inflammasome in a cell-intrinsic manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E961-E969. [PMID: 28096356 PMCID: PMC5307433 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613305114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a physiological cell suicide mechanism initiated by receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) phosphorylation of mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), which results in disruption of the plasma membrane. Necroptotic cell lysis, and resultant release of proinflammatory mediators, is thought to cause inflammation in necroptotic disease models. However, we previously showed that MLKL signaling can also promote inflammation by activating the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome to recruit the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC) and trigger caspase-1 processing of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Here, we provide evidence that MLKL-induced activation of NLRP3 requires (i) the death effector four-helical bundle of MLKL, (ii) oligomerization and association of MLKL with cellular membranes, and (iii) a reduction in intracellular potassium concentration. Although genetic or pharmacological targeting of NLRP3 or caspase-1 prevented MLKL-induced IL-1β secretion, they did not prevent necroptotic cell death. Gasdermin D (GSDMD), the pore-forming caspase-1 substrate required for efficient NLRP3-triggered pyroptosis and IL-1β release, was not essential for MLKL-dependent death or IL-1β secretion. Imaging of MLKL-dependent ASC speck formation demonstrated that necroptotic stimuli activate NLRP3 cell-intrinsically, indicating that MLKL-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation and IL-1β cleavage occur before cell lysis. Furthermore, we show that necroptotic activation of NLRP3, but not necroptotic cell death alone, is necessary for the activation of NF-κB in healthy bystander cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential importance of NLRP3 inflammasome activity as a driving force for inflammation in MLKL-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Conos
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kaiwen W Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Hideki Hara
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Systems Biology & Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Seth L Masters
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - James M Murphy
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David L Vaux
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kate E Lawlor
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa M Lindqvist
- Cell Signalling and Cell Death Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - James E Vince
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Daniels BP, Jujjavarapu H, Durrant DM, Williams JL, Green RR, White JP, Lazear HM, Gale M, Diamond MS, Klein RS. Regional astrocyte IFN signaling restricts pathogenesis during neurotropic viral infection. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:843-856. [PMID: 28134626 DOI: 10.1172/jci88720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I IFNs promote cellular responses to viruses, and IFN receptor (IFNAR) signaling regulates the responses of endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during neurotropic viral infection. However, the role of astrocytes in innate immune responses of the BBB during viral infection of the CNS remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we have demonstrated that type I IFNAR signaling in astrocytes regulates BBB permeability and protects the cerebellum from infection and immunopathology. Mice with astrocyte-specific loss of IFNAR signaling showed decreased survival after West Nile virus infection. Accelerated mortality was not due to expanded viral tropism or increased replication. Rather, viral entry increased specifically in the hindbrain of IFNAR-deficient mice, suggesting that IFNAR signaling critically regulates BBB permeability in this brain region. Pattern recognition receptors and IFN-stimulated genes had higher basal and IFN-induced expression in human and mouse cerebellar astrocytes than did cerebral cortical astrocytes, suggesting that IFNAR signaling has brain region-specific roles in CNS immune responses. Taken together, our data identify cerebellar astrocytes as key responders to viral infection and highlight the existence of distinct innate immune programs in astrocytes from evolutionarily disparate regions of the CNS.
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Crick PJ, Griffiths WJ, Zhang J, Beibel M, Abdel-Khalik J, Kuhle J, Sailer AW, Wang Y. Reduced Plasma Levels of 25-Hydroxycholesterol and Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Bile Acid Precursors in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:8009-8020. [PMID: 27878760 PMCID: PMC5684259 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). We have measured the levels of over 20 non-esterified sterols in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients suffering from MS, inflammatory CNS disease, neurodegenerative disease and control patients. Analysis was performed following enzyme-assisted derivatisation by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) exploiting multistage fragmentation (MSn). We found increased concentrations of bile acid precursors in CSF from each of the disease states and that patients with inflammatory CNS disease classified as suspected autoimmune disease or of unknown aetiology also showed elevated concentrations of 25-hydroxycholestertol (25-HC, P < 0.05) in CSF. Cholesterol concentrations in CSF were not changed except for patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (P < 0.01) or pathogen-based infections of the CNS (P < 0.05) where they were elevated. In plasma, we found that 25-HC (P < 0.01), (25R)26-hydroxycholesterol ((25R)26-HC, P < 0.05) and 7α-hydroxy-3-oxocholest-4-enoic acid (7αH,3O-CA, P < 0.05) were reduced in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients compared to controls. The pattern of reduced plasma levels of 25-HC, (25R)26-HC and 7αH,3O-CA was unique to RRMS. In summary, in plasma, we find that the concentration of 25-HC in RRMS patients is significantly lower than in controls. This is consistent with the hypothesis that a lower propensity of macrophages to synthesise 25-HC will result in reduced negative feedback by 25-HC on IL-1 family cytokine production and exacerbated MS. In CSF, we find that the dominating metabolites reflect the acidic pathway of bile acid biosynthesis and the elevated levels of these in CNS disease is likely to reflect cholesterol release as a result of demyelination or neuronal death. 25-HC is elevated in patients with inflammatory CNS disease probably as a consequence of up-regulation of the type 1 interferon-stimulated gene cholesterol 25-hydroxylase in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Crick
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | | | - Juan Zhang
- Analytical Science and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beibel
- Developmental & Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurology, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas W Sailer
- Developmental & Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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Wang D, Ghosh D, Islam SMT, Moorman CD, Thomason AE, Wilkinson DS, Mannie MD. IFN-β Facilitates Neuroantigen-Dependent Induction of CD25+ FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells That Suppress Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:2992-3007. [PMID: 27619998 PMCID: PMC5101178 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study introduces a flexible format for tolerogenic vaccination that incorporates IFN-β and neuroantigen (NAg) in the Alum adjuvant. Tolerogenic vaccination required all three components, IFN-β, NAg, and Alum, for inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and induction of tolerance. Vaccination with IFN-β + NAg in Alum ameliorated NAg-specific sensitization and inhibited EAE in C57BL/6 mice in pretreatment and therapeutic regimens. Tolerance induction was specific for the tolerogenic vaccine Ag PLP178-191 or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 in proteolipid protein- and MOG-induced models of EAE, respectively, and was abrogated by pretreatment with a depleting anti-CD25 mAb. IFN-β/Alum-based vaccination exhibited hallmarks of infectious tolerance, because IFN-β + OVA in Alum-specific vaccination inhibited EAE elicited by OVA + MOG in CFA but not EAE elicited by MOG in CFA. IFN-β + NAg in Alum vaccination elicited elevated numbers and percentages of FOXP3+ T cells in blood and secondary lymphoid organs in 2D2 MOG-specific transgenic mice, and repeated boosters facilitated generation of activated CD44high CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) populations. IFN-β and MOG35-55 elicited suppressive FOXP3+ Tregs in vitro in the absence of Alum via a mechanism that was neutralized by anti-TGF-β and that resulted in the induction of an effector CD69+ CTLA-4+ IFNAR+ FOXP3+ Treg subset. In vitro IFN-β + MOG-induced Tregs inhibited EAE when transferred into actively challenged recipients. Unlike IFN-β + NAg in Alum vaccines, vaccination with TGF-β + MOG35-55 in Alum did not increase Treg percentages in vivo. Overall, this study indicates that IFN-β + NAg in Alum vaccination elicits NAg-specific, suppressive CD25+ Tregs that inhibit CNS autoimmune disease. Thus, IFN-β has the activity spectrum that drives selective responses of suppressive FOXP3+ Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncheng Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834; and
| | - Debjani Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834; and
| | - S M Touhidul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834; and
| | - Cody D Moorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834; and
| | - Ashton E Thomason
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834; and
| | - Daniel S Wilkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834; and
| | - Mark D Mannie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834; and
- The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
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50
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Interferon Tau Affects Mouse Intestinal Microbiota and Expression of IL-17. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:2839232. [PMID: 27610003 PMCID: PMC5005528 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2839232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the effects of interferon tau (IFNT) on the intestinal microbiota and expression of interleukin 17 (IL-17) in the intestine of mice. IFNT supplementation increased microbial diversity in the jejunum and ileum but decreased microbial diversity in the feces. IFNT supplementation influenced the composition of the intestinal microbiota as follows: (1) decreasing the percentage of Firmicutes and increasing Bacteroidetes in the jejunum and ileum; (2) enhancing the percentage of Firmicutes but decreasing Bacteroidetes in the colon and feces; (3) decreasing Lactobacillus in the jejunum and ileum; (4) increasing the percentage of Blautia, Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, and Lactobacillus in the colon; and (5) increasing the percentage of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Allobaculum, while decreasing Blautia in the feces. Also, IFNT supplementation decreased the expression of IL-17 in the intestines of normal mice and of an intestinal pathogen infected mice. In conclusion, IFNT supplementation modulates the intestinal microbiota and intestinal IL-17 expression, indicating the applicability of IFNT to treat the intestinal diseases involving IL-17 expression and microbiota.
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