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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, An C, Guo Y, Ma Y, Shao F, Zhang Y, Sun K, Cheng F, Ren C, Zhang L, Sun B, Zhang Y, Wang H. Material-driven immunomodulation and ECM remodeling reverse pulmonary fibrosis by local delivery of stem cell-laden microcapsules. Biomaterials 2025; 313:122757. [PMID: 39178558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent progress in stem cell therapy has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of intravenous stem cell infusions for treating the life-threatening lung disease of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, it is confronted with limitations, such as a lack of control over cellular function and rapid clearance by the host after implantation. In this study, we developed an innovative PF therapy through tracheal administration of microfluidic-templated stem cell-laden microcapsules, which effectively reversed the progression of inflammation and fibrotic injury. Our findings highlight that hydrogel microencapsulation can enhance the persistence of donor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the host while driving MSCs to substantially augment their therapeutic functions, including immunoregulation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. We revealed that microencapsulation activates the MAPK signaling pathway in MSCs to increase MMP expression, thereby degrading overexpressed collagen accumulated in fibrotic lungs. Our research demonstrates the potential of hydrogel microcapsules to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs through cell-material interactions, presenting a promising yet straightforward strategy for designing advanced stem cell therapies for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian Key Laboratory of Artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian Key Laboratory of Artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian Key Laboratory of Artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yiyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yubin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, PR China
| | - Fei Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian Key Laboratory of Artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian Key Laboratory of Artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Kai Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian Key Laboratory of Artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Fang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Changle Ren
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China; Department of Joint Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, 116044, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Eye Hospital, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, PR China
| | - Huanan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Dalian Key Laboratory of Artificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
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2
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Neuen SM, Ophelders DR, Widowski H, Hütten MC, Brokken T, van Gorp C, Nikkels PG, Severens-Rijvers CA, Sthijns MM, van Blitterswijk CA, Troost FJ, LaPointe VL, Jolani S, Seiler C, Pillow JJ, Delhaas T, Reynaert NL, Wolfs TG. Multipotent adult progenitor cells prevent functional impairment and improve development in inflammation driven detriment of preterm ovine lungs. Regen Ther 2024; 27:207-217. [PMID: 38576851 PMCID: PMC10990734 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Perinatal inflammation increases the risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm neonates, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Given their anti-inflammatory and regenerative capacity, multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) are a promising cell-based therapy to prevent and/or treat the negative pulmonary consequences of perinatal inflammation in the preterm neonate. Therefore, the pathophysiology underlying adverse preterm lung outcomes following perinatal inflammation and pulmonary benefits of MAPC treatment at the interface of prenatal inflammatory and postnatal ventilation exposures were elucidated. Methods Instrumented ovine fetuses were exposed to intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS 5 mg) at 125 days gestation to induce adverse systemic and peripheral organ outcomes. MAPC (10 × 106 cells) or saline were administered intravenously two days post LPS exposure. Fetuses were delivered preterm five days post MAPC treatment and either killed humanely immediately or mechanically ventilated for 72 h. Results Antenatal LPS exposure resulted in inflammation and decreased alveolar maturation in the preterm lung. Additionally, LPS-exposed ventilated lambs showed continued pulmonary inflammation and cell junction loss accompanied by pulmonary edema, ultimately resulting in higher oxygen demand. MAPC therapy modulated lung inflammation, prevented loss of epithelial and endothelial barriers and improved lung maturation in utero. These MAPC-driven improvements remained evident postnatally, and prevented concomitant pulmonary edema and functional loss. Conclusion In conclusion, prenatal inflammation sensitizes the underdeveloped preterm lung to subsequent postnatal inflammation, resulting in injury, disturbed development and functional impairment. MAPC therapy partially prevents these changes and is therefore a promising approach for preterm infants to prevent adverse pulmonary outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M.L. Neuen
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, MosaKids Children's Hospital, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daan R.M.G. Ophelders
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, MosaKids Children's Hospital, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Helene Widowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, MosaKids Children's Hospital, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias C. Hütten
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, MosaKids Children's Hospital, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Brokken
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, MosaKids Children's Hospital, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte van Gorp
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, MosaKids Children's Hospital, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter G.J. Nikkels
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen A.H. Severens-Rijvers
- GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille M.J.P.E. Sthijns
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Venlo, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | | | - Freddy J. Troost
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L.S. LaPointe
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Shahab Jolani
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, School CAPHRI, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christof Seiler
- Department of Advanced Computing Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Mathematics Centre Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - J. Jane Pillow
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Niki L. Reynaert
- NUTRIM Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim G.A.M. Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, MosaKids Children's Hospital, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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3
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Kulle A, Li Z, Kwak A, Mancini M, Young D, Avizonis DZ, Groleau M, Baglole CJ, Behr MA, King IL, Divangahi M, Langlais D, Wang J, Blagih J, Penz E, Dufour A, Thanabalasuriar A. Alveolar macrophage function is impaired following inhalation of berry e-cigarette vapor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2406294121. [PMID: 39312670 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2406294121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the lower respiratory tract, the alveolar spaces are divided from the bloodstream and the external environment by only a few microns of interstitial tissue. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) defend this delicate mucosal surface from invading infections by regularly patrolling the site. AMs have three behavior modalities to achieve this goal: extending cell protrusions to probe and sample surrounding areas, squeezing the whole cell body between alveoli, and patrolling by moving the cell body around each alveolus. In this study, we found Rho GTPase, cell division control protein 42 (CDC42) expression significantly decreased after berry-flavored e-cigarette (e-cig) exposure. This shifted AM behavior from squeezing to probing. Changes in AM behavior led to a reduction in the clearance of inhaled bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These findings shed light on pathways involved in AM migration and highlight the harmful impact of e-cig vaping on AM function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Kulle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ashley Kwak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mathieu Mancini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute for Genomic Medicine, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Daniel Young
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | | | - Marc Groleau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marcel A Behr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Irah L King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montréal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada
- McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute for Genomic Medicine, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, China
| | - Julianna Blagih
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Erika Penz
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ajitha Thanabalasuriar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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4
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Wei Y, Liang X, Wu Y, Zhang J, Cui X, Wu Y, Zhu D, Lv P, Meng W, Li W, Shen H. Dietary Aflatoxin G 1 exposure causes an imbalance between pulmonary tissue-resident alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages in both mother and offspring mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 285:117082. [PMID: 39317075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) is a mycotoxin commonly found in agricultural products, including dried fruits, meat, and milk products. Oral AFG1 administration induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-dependent chronic pulmonary inflammation, promoting AFG1-induced damage in alveolar epithelial cell, which is associated with lung adenocarcinoma. Pulmonary macrophages may be divided into tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (TRAMs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMs), which involve in chronic lung inflammation. However, whether these macrophages contribute to AFG1-induced chronic pulmonary inflammation remains unknown. In this study, we found oral AFG1 administration disrupted the balance between TRAMs and MoMs, increasing MoMs infiltration and decreasing the number of TRAMs. AFG1 upregulated TNF-α expression in MoMs, but downregulated sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin F (Siglec-F) expression in TRAMs. Inhibition of TNF-α-dependent inflammation rescued the imbalance between TRAMs and MoMs in AFG1-treated lung tissues. Additionally, AFG1 stimulated MoMs differentiation to the proinflammatory M1 phenotype in vitro. Using a specific in vitro TRAM model, AFG1 downregulated Siglec-F and the M2 phenotypic markers arginase 1 and YM1, and upregulated the M1 phenotypic markers IL-6, iNOS and TNF-α, altering the TRAMs phenotype to the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype in vitro. Additionally, mouse maternal dietary exposure to AFG1 caused an imbalance in pulmonary macrophages, decreasing TRAMs and increasing MoMs population in offspring, which was associated with proliferative lesions in the alveolar septa. Thus, dietary AFG1 exposure triggered an imbalance in pulmonary macrophages in both mother and offspring mice, and induced pro-inflammatory phenotypic alterations, which contributed to AFG1-induced chronic lung inflammation. These results provide clues to how AFG1-induced immunotoxicity and genotoxicity in humans might be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxuan Wei
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Pathology, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yulin Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research (CMCR), Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohui Cui
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Delin Zhu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Handan, Handan, China.
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Haitao Shen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research (CMCR), Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Microecological Metabolism Regulation, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
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5
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Broeckel R, Browne A, Sucoloski S, Cantizani J, Simpson JK, Pesiridis S, Ramanjulu JM, Stokes N, Luthra P. STING Agonist Induced Innate Immune Responses Drive Anti-Respiratory Virus Activity In Vitro with Limited Antiviral Efficacy In Vivo. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:3392-3407. [PMID: 39207884 PMCID: PMC11406527 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal outbreaks of other respiratory viruses highlight the urgent need for broad-spectrum antivirals to treat respiratory tract infections. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a key component of innate immune signaling and plays a critical role in protection of the host against viral infections. Previously the STING agonist diABZI-4, a diamidobenzimidazole-based compound, demonstrated protection against SARS-CoV-2 both in vitro and in vivo. However, its broad-spectrum antiviral activity against other respiratory viruses in human airway epithelial cells, which are the primary targets of these infections, is not well established. In this study, we demonstrated that diABZI-4 stimulated robust innate immune responses protecting lung cells against a wide range of respiratory viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV), common cold coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, human rhinovirus (HRV), and human parainfluenza virus. diABZI-4 was highly active in physiologically relevant human airway epithelial tissues grown at the air-liquid interface, blocking replication of IAV, SARS-CoV-2, and HRV in these tissues. Furthermore, treatment of macrophages with diABZI-4 resulted in the secretion of cytokines that protected the primary airway epithelial cells from IAV infection. Despite the promising in vitro pan-antiviral activity, intranasal administration of diABZI-4 in mice provided early, but not sustained, inhibition of IAV replication in the lungs. These data highlight the complexities of the relationship between timing of STING agonist-driven inflammatory responses and viral replication dynamics, emphasizing the development challenge posed by STING agonists as potential therapeutics against respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Broeckel
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, GSK R&D, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Amanda Browne
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, GSK R&D, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Scott Sucoloski
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, GSK R&D, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Juan Cantizani
- Global Health Medicines R&D, GSK R&D, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - Juliet K Simpson
- Target Discovery Research Projects, GSK R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Pesiridis
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK R&D, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Joshi M Ramanjulu
- Immunology Research Unit, GSK R&D, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Neil Stokes
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, GSK R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Luthra
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, GSK R&D, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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6
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Thomas SM, Ankley LM, Conner KN, Rapp AW, McGee AP, LeSage F, Tanner CD, Vielma TE, Scheeres EC, Obar JJ, Olive AJ. TGFβ primes alveolar-like macrophages to induce type I IFN following TLR2 activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.04.611226. [PMID: 39282428 PMCID: PMC11398362 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.04.611226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are key mediators of lung function and are potential targets for therapies during respiratory infections. TGFβ is an important regulator of AM differentiation and maintenance, but how TGFβ directly modulates the innate immune responses of AMs remains unclear. This shortcoming prevents effective targeting of AMs to improve lung function in health and disease. Here we leveraged an optimized ex vivo AM model system, fetal-liver derived alveolar-like macrophages (FLAMs), to dissect the role of TGFβ in AMs. Using transcriptional analysis, we first globally defined how TGFβ regulates gene expression of resting FLAMs. We found that TGFβ maintains the baseline metabolic state of AMs by driving lipid metabolism through oxidative phosphorylation and restricting inflammation. To better understand inflammatory regulation in FLAMs, we next directly tested how TGFβ alters the response to TLR2 agonists. While both TGFβ (+) and TGFβ (-) FLAMs robustly responded to TLR2 agonists, we found an unexpected activation of type I interferon (IFN) responses in FLAMs and primary AMs in a TGFβ-dependent manner. Surprisingly, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein and the interferon regulator factors 3 and 7 were required for IFN production by TLR2 agonists. Together, these data suggest that TGFβ modulates AM metabolic networks and innate immune signaling cascades to control inflammatory pathways in AMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Laurisa M Ankley
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Kayla N Conner
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Alexander W Rapp
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Abigail P McGee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Francois LeSage
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Christopher D Tanner
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Taryn E Vielma
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Eleanor C Scheeres
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Joshua J Obar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Andrew J Olive
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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7
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Joshi PR, Adhikari S, Onah C, Carrier C, Judd A, Mack M, Baral P. Lung-innervating nociceptor sensory neurons promote pneumonic sepsis during carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae lung infection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl6162. [PMID: 39241063 PMCID: PMC11378917 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) causes Gram-negative lung infections and fatal pneumonic sepsis for which limited therapeutic options are available. The lungs are densely innervated by nociceptor sensory neurons that mediate breathing, cough, and bronchoconstriction. The role of nociceptors in defense against Gram-negative lung pathogens is unknown. Here, we found that lung-innervating nociceptors promote CRKP pneumonia and pneumonic sepsis. Ablation of nociceptors in mice increased lung CRKP clearance, suppressed trans-alveolar dissemination of CRKP, and protected mice from hypothermia and death. Furthermore, ablation of nociceptors enhanced the recruitment of neutrophils and Ly6Chi monocytes and cytokine induction. Depletion of Ly6Chi monocytes, but not of neutrophils, abrogated lung and extrapulmonary CRKP clearance in ablated mice, suggesting that Ly6Chi monocytes are a critical cellular population to regulate pneumonic sepsis. Further, neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide suppressed the induction of reactive oxygen species in Ly6Chi monocytes and their CRKP-killing abilities. Targeting nociceptor signaling could be a therapeutic approach for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infection and pneumonic sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Raj Joshi
- Section of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Sandeep Adhikari
- Section of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Chinemerem Onah
- Section of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Camille Carrier
- Section of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Abigail Judd
- Section of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg 93042, Germany
| | - Pankaj Baral
- Section of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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8
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Kim KS, Lee C, Kim HS, Gu SJ, Yoon HJ, Won SB, Lee H, Lee YS, Kim SS, Kane LP, Park EJ. TIM-3 on myeloid cells promotes pulmonary inflammation through increased production of galectin-3. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1090. [PMID: 39237613 PMCID: PMC11377825 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) exhibits unique, cell type- and context-dependent characteristics and functions. Here, we report that TIM-3 on myeloid cells plays essential roles in modulating lung inflammation. We found that myeloid cell-specific TIM-3 knock-in (FSF-TIM3/LysM-Cre+) mice have lower body weight and shorter lifespan than WT mice. Intriguingly, the lungs of FSF-TIM3/LysM-Cre+ mice display excessive inflammation and features of disease-associated pathology. We further revealed that galectin-3 levels are notably elevated in TIM-3-overexpressing lung-derived myeloid cells. Furthermore, both TIM-3 blockade and GB1107, a galectin-3 inhibitor, ameliorated lung inflammation in FSF-TIM3/LysM-Cre+/- mice. Using an LPS-induced lung inflammation model with myeloid cell-specific TIM-3 knock-out mice, we demonstrated the association of TIM-3 with both lung inflammation and galectin-3. Collectively, our findings suggest that myeloid TIM-3 is an important regulator in the lungs and that modulation of TIM-3 and galectin-3 could offer therapeutic benefits for inflammation-associated lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Sun Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanju Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
- Immuno-oncology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Gu
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Yoon
- Immuno-oncology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Won
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
- Immuno-oncology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sun Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Radiological Science Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Lawrence P Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea.
- Immuno-oncology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Sudduth ER, López Ruiz A, Trautmann-Rodriguez M, Fromen CA. Age-dependent changes in phagocytic activity: in vivo response of mouse pulmonary antigen presenting cells to direct lung delivery of charged PEGDA nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:476. [PMID: 39135064 PMCID: PMC11318229 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02743-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current needle-based vaccination for respiratory viruses is ineffective at producing sufficient, long-lasting local immunity in the elderly. Direct pulmonary delivery to the resident local pulmonary immune cells can create long-term mucosal responses. However, criteria for drug vehicle design rules that can overcome age-specific changes in immune cell functions have yet to be established. RESULTS Here, in vivo charge-based nanoparticle (NP) uptake was compared in mice of two age groups (2- and 16-months) within the four notable pulmonary antigen presenting cell (APC) populations: alveolar macrophages (AM), interstitial macrophages (IM), CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs), and CD11b+ DCs. Both macrophage populations exhibited preferential uptake of anionic nanoparticles but showed inverse rates of phagocytosis between the AM and IM populations across age. DC populations demonstrated preferential uptake of cationic nanoparticles, which remarkably did not significantly change in the aged group. Further characterization of cell phenotypes post-NP internalization demonstrated unique surface marker expression and activation levels for each APC population, showcasing heightened DC inflammatory response to NP delivery in the aged group. CONCLUSION The age of mice demonstrated significant preferences in the charge-based NP uptake in APCs that differed greatly between macrophages and DCs. Carefully balance of the targeting and activation of specific types of pulmonary APCs will be critical to produce efficient, age-based vaccines for the growing elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Sudduth
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Aida López Ruiz
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Michael Trautmann-Rodriguez
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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10
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Srinivasarao DA, Shah S, Famta P, Vambhurkar G, Jain N, Pindiprolu SKSS, Sharma A, Kumar R, Padhy HP, Kumari M, Madan J, Srivastava S. Unravelling the role of tumor microenvironment responsive nanobiomaterials in spatiotemporal controlled drug delivery for lung cancer therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01673-z. [PMID: 39037533 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Design and development of efficient drug delivery technologies that impart site-specificity is the need of the hour for the effective treatment of lung cancer. The emergence of materials science and nanotechnology partially helped drug delivery scientists to achieve this objective. Various stimuli-responsive materials that undergo degradation at the pathological tumor microenvironment (TME) have been developed and explored for drug delivery applications using nanotechnological approaches. Nanoparticles (NPs), owing to their small size and high surface area to volume ratio, demonstrated enhanced cellular internalization, permeation, and retention at the tumor site. Such passive accumulation of stimuli-responsive materials helped to achieve spatiotemporally controlled and targeted drug delivery within the tumors. In this review, we discussed various stimuli-physical (interstitial pressure, temperature, and stiffness), chemical (pH, hypoxia, oxidative stress, and redox state), and biological (receptor expression, efflux transporters, immune cells, and their receptors or ligands)-that are characteristic to the TME. We mentioned an array of biomaterials-based nanoparticulate delivery systems that respond to these stimuli and control drug release at the TME. Further, we discussed nanoparticle-based combinatorial drug delivery strategies. Finally, we presented our perspectives on challenges related to scale-up, clinical translation, and regulatory approvals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Naitik Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Sai Kiran S S Pindiprolu
- Aditya Pharmacy College, Surampalem, 533 437, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, 533 003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 500037, Telangana, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 500037, Telangana, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hara Prasad Padhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 500037, Telangana, Hyderabad, India
| | - Meenu Kumari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 500037, Telangana, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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11
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Rahman MF, Kurlovs AH, Vodnala M, Meibalan E, Means TK, Nouri N, de Rinaldis E, Savova V. Immune disease dialogue of chemokine-based cell communications as revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing meta-analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.17.603936. [PMID: 39071425 PMCID: PMC11275869 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.17.603936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Immune-mediated diseases are characterized by aberrant immune responses, posing significant challenges to global health. In both inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, dysregulated immune reactions mediated by tissue-residing immune and non-immune cells precipitate chronic inflammation and tissue damage that is amplified by peripheral immune cell extravasation into the tissue. Chemokine receptors are pivotal in orchestrating immune cell migration, yet deciphering the signaling code across cell types, diseases and tissues remains an open challenge. To delineate disease-specific cell-cell communications involved in immune cell migration, we conducted a meta-analysis of publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data across diverse immune diseases and tissues. Our comprehensive analysis spanned multiple immune disorders affecting major organs: atopic dermatitis and psoriasis (skin), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (lung), ulcerative colitis (colon), IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis (kidney). By interrogating ligand-receptor (L-R) interactions, alterations in cell proportions, and differential gene expression, we unveiled intricate disease-specific and common immune cell chemoattraction and extravasation patterns. Our findings delineate disease-specific L-R networks and shed light on shared immune responses across tissues and diseases. Insights gleaned from this analysis hold promise for the development of targeted therapeutics aimed at modulating immune cell migration to mitigate inflammation and tissue damage. This nuanced understanding of immune cell dynamics at the single-cell resolution opens avenues for precision medicine in immune disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouly F. Rahman
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
| | - Andre H. Kurlovs
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
| | - Munender Vodnala
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
| | - Elamaran Meibalan
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
| | - Terry K. Means
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
| | - Nima Nouri
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
| | - Emanuele de Rinaldis
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
| | - Virginia Savova
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi US, Cambridge, MA 02141, United States
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12
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Li C, Abdurehim A, Zhao S, Sun Q, Xu J, Xie J, Zhang Y. Research on the potential mechanism of Deapioplatycodin D against pulmonary fibrosis based on bioinformatics and experimental verification. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 974:176603. [PMID: 38679121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a group of respiratory diseases that are extremely complex and challenging to treat. Due to its high mortality rate and short survival, it's often referred to as a "tumor-like disease" that poses a serious threat to human health. OBJECTIVE We aimed validate the potential of Deapioplatycodin D (DPD) to against PF and clarify the underlying mechanism of action of DPD for the treatment of PF based on bioinformatics and experimental verification. This finding provides a basis for the development of safe and effective therapeutic PF drugs based on DPD. METHODS We used LPS-induced early PF rats as a PF model to test the overall efficacy of DPD in vivo. Then, A variety of bioinformatics methods, such as WGCNA, LASSO algorithm and immune cell infiltration (ICI), were applied to analyze the gene microarray related to PF obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to obtained key targets of PF. Finally, an in vitro PF model was constructed based on BEAS-2B cells while incorporating rat lung tissues to validate the regulatory effects of DPD on critical genes. RESULTS DPD can effectively alleviate inflammatory and fibrotic markers in rat lungs. WGCNA analysis resulted in a total of six expression modules, with the brown module having the highest correlation with PF. Subsequently, seven genes were acquired by intersecting the genes in the brown module with DEGs. Five key genes were identified as potential biomarkers of PF by LASSO algorithm and validation dataset verification analysis. In the ICI analysis, infiltration of activated B cell, immature B cell and natural killer cells were found to be more crucial in PF. Ultimately, it was observed that DPD could modulate key genes to achieve anti-PF effects. CONCLUSION In short, these comprehensive analysis methods were employed to identify critical biomarkers closely related to PF, which helps to elucidate the pathogenesis and potential immunotherapy targets of PF. It also provides essential support for the potential of DPD against PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Aliya Abdurehim
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Qing Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jiawen Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Junbo Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Biotechnology & Food Science College, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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13
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Gambadauro A, Galletta F, Li Pomi A, Manti S, Piedimonte G. Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6178. [PMID: 38892370 PMCID: PMC11172738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system is constantly exposed to viral infections that are responsible for mild to severe diseases. In this narrative review, we focalized the attention on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, responsible for high morbidity and mortality in the last decades. We reviewed the human innate and adaptive immune responses in the airways following infection, focusing on a particular population: newborns and pregnant women. The recent Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted how our interest in viral pathologies must not decrease. Furthermore, we must increase our knowledge of infection mechanisms to improve our future defense strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gambadauro
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.G.); (F.G.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Francesca Galletta
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.G.); (F.G.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Alessandra Li Pomi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.G.); (F.G.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Sara Manti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.G.); (F.G.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Office for Research and Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
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14
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Tolman LE, Mantis NJ. Inflammatory Profiles Induced by Intranasal Immunization with Ricin Toxin-immune Complexes. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:457-463. [PMID: 38922287 PMCID: PMC11220739 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The underlying contribution of immune complexes in modulating adaptive immunity in mucosal tissues remains poorly understood. In this report, we examined, in mice, the proinflammatory response elicited by intranasal delivery of the biothreat agent ricin toxin (RT) in association with two toxin-neutralizing mAbs, SylH3 and PB10. We previously demonstrated that ricin-immune complexes (RICs) induce the rapid onset of high-titer toxin-neutralizing Abs that persist for months. We now demonstrate that such responses are dependent on CD4+ T cell help, because treatment of mice with an anti-CD4 mAb abrogated the onset of RT-specific Abs following intranasal RICs exposure. To define the inflammatory environment associated with RIC exposure, we collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and sera from mice 6, 12, and 18 h after they had received RT or RICs by the intranasal route. A 32-plex cytometric bead array revealed an inflammatory profile elicited by RT that was dominated by IL-6 (>1500-fold increase in BALF) and secondarily by KC (CXCL1), G-CSF, GM-CSF, and MCP-1. RICs induced inflammatory profiles in both BALF and serum response that were similar to RT, albeit at markedly reduced levels. These results demonstrate that RICs retain the capacity to induce local and systemic inflammatory cytokines/chemokines that, in turn, may influence Ag sampling and presentation in the lung mucosa and draining lymph nodes. A better understanding of the fate of immune complexes following intranasal delivery has implications for the development of mucosal vaccines for biothreats and emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E. Tolman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY
| | - Nicholas J. Mantis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY
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15
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Legrand C, Vanneste D, Hego A, Sabatel C, Mollers K, Schyns J, Maréchal P, Abinet J, Tytgat A, Liégeois M, Polese B, Meunier M, Radermecker C, Fiévez L, Bureau F, Marichal T. Lung Interstitial Macrophages Can Present Soluble Antigens and Induce Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:446-456. [PMID: 38329817 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0254oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung macrophages constitute a sophisticated surveillance and defense system that contributes to tissue homeostasis and host defense and allows the host to cope with the myriad of insults and antigens to which the lung mucosa is exposed. As opposed to alveolar macrophages, lung interstitial macrophages (IMs) express high levels of Type 2 major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II), a hallmark of antigen-presenting cells. Here, we showed that lung IMs, like dendritic cells, possess the machinery to present soluble antigens in an MHC-II-restricted way. Using ex vivo ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T cell proliferation assays, we found that OVA-pulsed IMs could trigger OVA-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and Foxp3 expression through MHC-II-, IL-10-, and transforming growth factor β-dependent mechanisms. Moreover, we showed that IMs efficiently captured locally instilled antigens in vivo, did not migrate to the draining lymph nodes, and enhanced local interactions with CD4+ T cells in a model of OVA-induced allergic asthma. These results support that IMs can present antigens to CD4+ T cells and trigger regulatory T cells, which might attenuate lung immune responses and have functional consequences for lung immunity and T cell-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine Sabatel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and
| | | | - Joey Schyns
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and
| | - Pauline Maréchal
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, and
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Margot Meunier
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, and
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and
| | - Coraline Radermecker
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, and
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and
| | - Laurence Fiévez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and
| | - Fabrice Bureau
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and
| | - Thomas Marichal
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, and
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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16
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Canè L, Poto R, Palestra F, Pirozzi M, Parashuraman S, Iacobucci I, Ferrara AL, La Rocca A, Mercadante E, Pucci P, Marone G, Monti M, Loffredo S, Varricchi G. TSLP is localized in and released from human lung macrophages activated by T2-high and T2-low stimuli: relevance in asthma and COPD. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 124:89-98. [PMID: 38402021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are the predominant immune cells in the human lung and play a central role in airway inflammation, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a pleiotropic cytokine mainly expressed by bronchial epithelial cells, plays a key role in asthma and COPD pathobiology. TSLP exists in two variants: the long form (lfTSLP) and a shorter TSLP isoform (sfTSLP). We aimed to localize TSLP in human lung macrophages (HLMs) and investigate the mechanisms of its release from these cells. We also evaluated the effects of the two variants of TSLP on the release of angiogenic factor from HLMs. METHODS We employed immunofluorescence and Western blot to localize intracellular TSLP in HLMs purified from human lung parenchyma. HLMs were activated by T2-high (IL-4, IL-13) and T2-low (lipopolysaccharide: LPS) immunological stimuli. RESULTS TSLP was detected in HLMs and subcellularly localized in the cytoplasm. IL-4 and LPS induced TSLP release from HLMs. Preincubation of macrophages with brefeldin A, known to disrupt the Golgi apparatus, inhibited TSLP release induced by LPS and IL-4. lfTSLP concentration-dependently induced the release of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), the most potent angiogenic factor, from HLMs. sfTSLP neither activated nor interfered with the activating property of lfTSLP on macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight a novel immunologic circuit between HLMs and TSLP. Given the central role of macrophages in airway inflammation, this autocrine loop holds potential translational relevance in understanding innovative aspects of the pathobiology of asthma and chronic inflammatory lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Canè
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Palestra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marinella Pirozzi
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Seetharaman Parashuraman
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello La Rocca
- Thoracic Surgery Unit - Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mercadante
- Thoracic Surgery Unit - Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Pucci
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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17
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Park H, Lee CH. The Impact of Pulmonary Disorders on Neurological Health (Lung-Brain Axis). Immune Netw 2024; 24:e20. [PMID: 38974208 PMCID: PMC11224666 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain and lungs, vital organs in the body, play essential roles in maintaining overall well-being and survival. These organs interact through complex and sophisticated bi-directional pathways known as the 'lung-brain axis', facilitated by their close proximity and neural connections. Numerous studies have underscored the mediation of the lung-brain axis by inflammatory responses and hypoxia-induced damage, which are pivotal to the progression of both pulmonary and neurological diseases. This review aims to delve into how pulmonary diseases, including acute/chronic airway diseases and pulmonary conditions, can instigate neurological disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, we highlight the emerging research on the lung microbiome which, drawing parallels between the gut and lungs in terms of microbiome contents, may play a significant role in modulating brain health. Ultimately, this review paves the way for exciting avenues of future research and therapeutics in addressing respiratory and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongryeol Park
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Program of Material Science for Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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18
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Pereira MVA, Galvani RG, Gonçalves-Silva T, de Vasconcelo ZFM, Bonomo A. Tissue adaptation of CD4 T lymphocytes in homeostasis and cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379376. [PMID: 38690280 PMCID: PMC11058666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system is traditionally classified as a defense system that can discriminate between self and non-self or dangerous and non-dangerous situations, unleashing a tolerogenic reaction or immune response. These activities are mainly coordinated by the interaction between innate and adaptive cells that act together to eliminate harmful stimuli and keep tissue healthy. However, healthy tissue is not always the end point of an immune response. Much evidence has been accumulated over the years, showing that the immune system has complex, diversified, and integrated functions that converge to maintaining tissue homeostasis, even in the absence of aggression, interacting with the tissue cells and allowing the functional maintenance of that tissue. One of the main cells known for their function in helping the immune response through the production of cytokines is CD4+ T lymphocytes. The cytokines produced by the different subtypes act not only on immune cells but also on tissue cells. Considering that tissues have specific mediators in their architecture, it is plausible that the presence and frequency of CD4+ T lymphocytes of specific subtypes (Th1, Th2, Th17, and others) maintain tissue homeostasis. In situations where homeostasis is disrupted, such as infections, allergies, inflammatory processes, and cancer, local CD4+ T lymphocytes respond to this disruption and, as in the healthy tissue, towards the equilibrium of tissue dynamics. CD4+ T lymphocytes can be manipulated by tumor cells to promote tumor development and metastasis, making them a prognostic factor in various types of cancer. Therefore, understanding the function of tissue-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes is essential in developing new strategies for treating tissue-specific diseases, as occurs in cancer. In this context, this article reviews the evidence for this hypothesis regarding the phenotypes and functions of CD4+ T lymphocytes and compares their contribution to maintaining tissue homeostasis in different organs in a steady state and during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. A. Pereira
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of High Complexity, Fernandes Figueira National Institute for The Health of Mother, Child, and Adolescent, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rômulo G. Galvani
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Triciana Gonçalves-Silva
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging - CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Zilton Farias Meira de Vasconcelo
- Laboratory of High Complexity, Fernandes Figueira National Institute for The Health of Mother, Child, and Adolescent, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bonomo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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Feng X, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Lei F, Ren R, Tang X. Opportunities and Challenges for Inhalable Nanomedicine Formulations in Respiratory Diseases: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1509-1538. [PMID: 38384321 PMCID: PMC10880554 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s446919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lungs experience frequent interactions with the external environment and have an abundant supply of blood; therefore, they are susceptible to invasion by pathogenic microorganisms and tumor cells. However, the limited pharmacokinetics of conventional drugs in the lungs poses a clinical challenge. The emergence of different nano-formulations has been facilitated by advancements in nanotechnology. Inhaled nanomedicines exhibit better targeting and prolonged therapeutic effects. Although nano-formulations have great potential, they still present several unknown risks. Herein, we review the (1) physiological anatomy of the lungs and their biological barriers, (2) pharmacokinetics and toxicology of nanomaterial formulations in the lungs; (3) current nanomaterials that can be applied to the respiratory system and related design strategies, and (4) current applications of inhaled nanomaterials in treating respiratory disorders, vaccine design, and imaging detection based on the characteristics of different nanomaterials. Finally, (5) we analyze and summarize the challenges and prospects of nanomaterials for respiratory disease applications. We believe that nanomaterials, particularly inhaled nano-formulations, have excellent prospects for application in respiratory diseases. However, we emphasize that the simultaneous toxic side effects of biological nanomaterials must be considered during the application of these emerging medicines. This study aims to offer comprehensive guidelines and valuable insights for conducting research on nanomaterials in the domain of the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Lei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine Center, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Ferdosnejad K, Zamani MS, Soroush E, Fateh A, Siadat SD, Tarashi S. Tuberculosis and lung cancer: metabolic pathways play a key role. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38305273 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2308522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite the fact that some cases of tuberculosis (TB) are undiagnosed and untreated, it remains a serious global public health issue. In the diagnosis, treatment, and control of latent and active TB, there may be a lack of effectiveness. An understanding of metabolic pathways can be fundamental to treat latent TB infection and active TB disease. Rather than targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the control strategies aim to strengthen host responses to infection and reduce chronic inflammation by effectively enhancing host resistance to infection. The pathogenesis and progression of TB are linked to several metabolites and metabolic pathways, and they are potential targets for host-directed therapies. Additionally, metabolic pathways can contribute to the progression of lung cancer in patients with latent or active TB. A comprehensive metabolic pathway analysis is conducted to highlight lung cancer development in latent and active TB. The current study aimed to emphasize the association between metabolic pathways of tumor development in patients with latent and active TB. Health control programs around the world are compromised by TB and lung cancer due to their special epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Therefore, presenting the importance of lung cancer progression through metabolic pathways occurring upon TB infection can open new doors to improving control of TB infection and active TB disease while stressing that further evaluations are required to uncover this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erfan Soroush
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Tarashi
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Joo H, Min S, Cho SW. Advanced lung organoids for respiratory system and pulmonary disease modeling. J Tissue Eng 2024; 15:20417314241232502. [PMID: 38406820 PMCID: PMC10894554 DOI: 10.1177/20417314241232502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Amidst the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, respiratory system research has made remarkable progress, particularly focusing on infectious diseases. Lung organoid, a miniaturized structure recapitulating lung tissue, has gained global attention because of its advantages over other conventional models such as two-dimensional (2D) cell models and animal models. Nevertheless, lung organoids still face limitations concerning heterogeneity, complexity, and maturity compared to the native lung tissue. To address these limitations, researchers have employed co-culture methods with various cell types including endothelial cells, mesenchymal cells, and immune cells, and incorporated bioengineering platforms such as air-liquid interfaces, microfluidic chips, and functional hydrogels. These advancements have facilitated applications of lung organoids to studies of pulmonary diseases, providing insights into disease mechanisms and potential treatments. This review introduces recent progress in the production methods of lung organoids, strategies for improving maturity, functionality, and complexity of organoids, and their application in disease modeling, including respiratory infection and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyebin Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Min
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Graf J, Trautmann-Rodriguez M, Sabnis S, Kloxin AM, Fromen CA. On the path to predicting immune responses in the lung: Modeling the pulmonary innate immune system at the air-liquid interface (ALI). Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 191:106596. [PMID: 37770004 PMCID: PMC10658361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases and infections are among the largest contributors to death globally, many of which still have no cure, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and respiratory syncytial virus among others. Pulmonary therapeutics afford untapped potential for treating lung infection and disease through direct delivery to the site of action. However, the ability to innovate new therapeutic paradigms for respiratory diseases will rely on modeling the human lung microenvironment and including key cellular interactions that drive disease. One key feature of the lung microenvironment is the air-liquid interface (ALI). ALI interface modeling techniques, using cell-culture inserts, organoids, microfluidics, and precision lung slices (PCLS), are rapidly developing; however, one major component of these models is lacking-innate immune cell populations. Macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, among others, represent key lung cell populations, acting as the first responders during lung infection or injury. Innate immune cells respond to and modulate stromal cells and bridge the gap between the innate and adaptive immune system, controlling the bodies response to foreign pathogens and debris. In this article, we review the current state of ALI culture systems with a focus on innate immune cells and suggest ways to build on current models to add complexity and relevant immune cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Graf
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Simone Sabnis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - April M Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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23
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Yeung AK, Villacorta-Martin C, Lindstrom-Vautrin J, Belkina AC, Vanuytsel K, Dowrey TW, Ysasi AB, Bawa P, Wang F, Vrbanac V, Mostoslavsky G, Balazs AB, Murphy GJ. De novo hematopoiesis from the fetal lung. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6898-6912. [PMID: 37729429 PMCID: PMC10685174 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) are specialized cells that undergo endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) to give rise to the earliest precursors of hematopoietic progenitors that will eventually sustain hematopoiesis throughout the lifetime of an organism. Although HECs are thought to be primarily limited to the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) during early development, EHT has been described in various other hematopoietic organs and embryonic vessels. Though not defined as a hematopoietic organ, the lung houses many resident hematopoietic cells, aids in platelet biogenesis, and is a reservoir for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, lung HECs have never been described. Here, we demonstrate that the fetal lung is a potential source of HECs that have the functional capacity to undergo EHT to produce de novo HSPCs and their resultant progeny. Explant cultures of murine and human fetal lungs display adherent endothelial cells transitioning into floating hematopoietic cells, accompanied by the gradual loss of an endothelial signature. Flow cytometric and functional assessment of fetal-lung explants showed the production of multipotent HSPCs that expressed the EHT and pre-HSPC markers EPCR, CD41, CD43, and CD44. scRNA-seq and small molecule modulation demonstrated that fetal lung HECs rely on canonical signaling pathways to undergo EHT, including TGFβ/BMP, Notch, and YAP. Collectively, these data support the possibility that post-AGM development, functional HECs are present in the fetal lung, establishing this location as a potential extramedullary site of de novo hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony K. Yeung
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Anna C. Belkina
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Kim Vanuytsel
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Todd W. Dowrey
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Alexandra B. Ysasi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Pushpinder Bawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Feiya Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - George J. Murphy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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24
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Yisrael K, Drover RW, Shapiro ML, Anguiano M, Kachour N, Li Q, Tran E, Cocker DR, Lo DD. Route of administration significantly affects particle deposition and cellular recruitment. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289373. [PMID: 38011140 PMCID: PMC10681169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung exposures to dusts, pollutants, and other aerosol particulates are known to be associated with pulmonary diseases such as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. These health impacts are attributed to the ability of aerosol components to induce pulmonary inflammation, which promotes tissue remodeling, including fibrosis, tissue degradation, and smooth muscle proliferation. Consequently, the distribution of these effects can have a significant impact on the physiologic function of the lung. In order to study the impact of distribution of inhaled particulates on lung pathogenesis, we compared the effect of different methods of particle delivery. By comparing intranasal versus aerosol delivery of fluorescent microspheres, we observed strikingly distinct patterns of particle deposition; intranasal delivery provided focused deposition concentrated on larger airways, while aerosol delivery showed unform deposition throughout the lung parenchyma. Recognizing that the impacts of inflammatory cells are contingent upon their recruitment and behavior, we postulate that these variations in distribution patterns can result in significant alterations in biological responses. To elucidate the relevance of these findings in terms of biological representation, we subsequently conducted an investigation into the responses elicited by the administration of endotoxin (bacterial Lipopolysaccharide, or LPS) in a transgenic neutrophil reporter mouse model. As with the microsphere results, patterns of recruited neutrophil inflammatory responses matched the delivery method; that is, despite the active migratory behavior of neutrophils, inflammatory histopathology patterns were either focused on large airways (intranasal administration) or diffusely throughout the parenchyma (aerosol). These results demonstrate the importance of modes of aerosol delivery as different patterns of inflammation and tissue remodeling will have distinct impacts on lung physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keziyah Yisrael
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, United States of America
- BREATHE Center, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan W. Drover
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Malia L. Shapiro
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, United States of America
- BREATHE Center, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Martha Anguiano
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Nala Kachour
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, United States of America
- BREATHE Center, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Emily Tran
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - David R. Cocker
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - David D. Lo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, United States of America
- BREATHE Center, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Center for Health Disparities Research, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
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25
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Yi J, Xiang J, Tang J. Exploring the microbiome: Uncovering the link with lung cancer and implications for diagnosis and treatment. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2023; 1:161-170. [PMID: 39171127 PMCID: PMC11332872 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tobacco smoking and air pollution are believed to be responsible for more than 90% of lung cancers. Respiratory pathogens are also known to be associated with the initiation and development of lung cancer. Despite the fact that the bacterial biomass in the lungs is lower than that in the intestinal tract, emerging evidence indicates that the lung is colonized by a diverse array of microbes. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the role of dysbiosis of the lung microbiota in the progression of lung cancer. In this review, we summarize the current information about the relationship between the microbiome and lung cancer. The objective is to provide an overview of the core composition of the microbiota in lung cancer as well as the role of specific dysbiosis of the lung microbiota in the progression of lung cancer and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Juanjuan Xiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410028, China
| | - Jingqun Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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26
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Sudduth ER, Trautmann-Rodriguez M, Gill N, Bomb K, Fromen CA. Aerosol pulmonary immune engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114831. [PMID: 37100206 PMCID: PMC10527166 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Aerosolization of immunotherapies poses incredible potential for manipulating the local mucosal-specific microenvironment, engaging specialized pulmonary cellular defenders, and accessing mucosal associated lymphoid tissue to redirect systemic adaptive and memory responses. In this review, we breakdown key inhalable immunoengineering strategies for chronic, genetic, and infection-based inflammatory pulmonary disorders, encompassing the historic use of immunomodulatory agents, the transition to biological inspired or derived treatments, and novel approaches of complexing these materials into drug delivery vehicles for enhanced release outcomes. Alongside a brief description of key immune targets, fundamentals of aerosol drug delivery, and preclinical pulmonary models for immune response, we survey recent advances of inhaled immunotherapy platforms, ranging from small molecules and biologics to particulates and cell therapies, as well as prophylactic vaccines. In each section, we address the formulation design constraints for aerosol delivery as well as advantages for each platform in driving desirable immune modifications. Finally, prospects of clinical translation and outlook for inhaled immune engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Sudduth
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Nicole Gill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kartik Bomb
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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27
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Zhang Z, Gao J, Yu J, Zhang N, Fu Y, Jiang X, Wang X, Song J, Wen Z. Transcriptome analysis of novel macrophage M1-related biomarkers and potential therapeutic agents in ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation based on the WGCNA and CIBERSORT algorithms. Transpl Immunol 2023; 79:101860. [PMID: 37230395 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is the last effective treatment for end-stage respiratory failure, however, with ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) inevitably occurring in postoperative period. IRI is the major pathophysiologic mechanism of primary graft dysfunction, a severe complication that contributes to prolonged length of stay and overall mortality. The understanding of pathophysiology and etiology remain limited and the underlying molecular mechanism, as well as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, urgently require exploration. Excessive uncontrolled inflammatory response is the core mechanism of IRI. In this research, a weighted gene co-expression network was established using the CIBERSORT and WGCNA algorithms in order to identify macrophage-related hub genes based on the data downloaded from the GEO database (GSE127003, GSE18995). 692 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in reperfused lung allografts were identified, with three genes recognized as being related to M1 macrophages and validated as differentially expressed using GSE18995 dataset. Of these putative novel biomarker genes, TCRα subunit constant gene (TRAC) were downregulated, while Perforin-1 (PRF1) and Granzyme B (GZMB) were upregulated in reperfused vs. ischemic lung allografts. Furthermore, we obtained 189 potentially therapeutic small molecules for IRI after lung transplantation from the CMap database among which PD-98059 was the top molecule with the highest absolute correlated connectivity score (CS). Our study provides the novel insights into the impact of immune cells on the etiology of IRI and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, further investigation of these key genes and therapeutic drugs is needed to validate their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zongmei Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Kormish J, Ghuman T, Liu RY, Srinathan SK, Tan L, Graham K, Enns S, Buduhan G, Halayko AJ, Pascoe CD, Kidane B. Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Inflammation and Tissue Injury in Patients with Postoperative Respiratory Failure after Lung Resection Surgery: A Nested Case-Control Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10051. [PMID: 37373199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic surgeries involving resection of lung tissue pose a risk of severe postoperative pulmonary complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure. Lung resections require one-lung ventilation (OLV) and, thus, are at higher risk of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) attributable to barotrauma and volutrauma in the one ventilated lung, as well as hypoxemia and reperfusion injury on the operated lung. Further, we also aimed to assess the differences in localized and systemic markers of tissue injury/inflammation in those who developed respiratory failure after lung surgery versus matched controls who did not develop respiratory failure. We aimed to assess the different inflammatory/injury marker patterns induced in the operated and ventilated lung and how this compared to the systemic circulating inflammatory/injury marker pattern. A case-control study nested within a prospective cohort study was performed. Patients with postoperative respiratory failure after lung surgery (n = 5) were matched with control patients (n = 6) who did not develop postoperative respiratory failure. Biospecimens (arterial plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage separately from ventilated and operated lungs) were obtained from patients undergoing lung surgery at two timepoints: (1) just prior to initiation of OLV and (2) after lung resection was completed and OLV stopped. Multiplex electrochemiluminescent immunoassays were performed for these biospecimen. We quantified 50 protein biomarkers of inflammation and tissue injury and identified significant differences between those who did and did not develop postoperative respiratory failure. The three biospecimen types also display unique biomarker patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Kormish
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Tejas Ghuman
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Richard Y Liu
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Sadeesh K Srinathan
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Lawrence Tan
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Kristen Graham
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Stephanie Enns
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Gordon Buduhan
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Christopher D Pascoe
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
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29
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Miranda N, Hoyer KK. Coccidioidomycosis Granulomas Informed by Other Diseases: Advancements, Gaps, and Challenges. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:650. [PMID: 37367586 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Valley fever is a respiratory disease caused by a soil fungus, Coccidioides, that is inhaled upon soil disruption. One mechanism by which the host immune system attempts to control and eliminate Coccidioides is through granuloma formation. However, very little is known about granulomas during Coccidioides infection. Granulomas were first identified in tuberculosis (TB) lungs as early as 1679, and yet many gaps in our understanding of granuloma formation, maintenance, and regulation remain. Granulomas are best defined in TB, providing clues that may be leveraged to understand Coccidioides infections. Granulomas also form during several other infectious and spontaneous diseases including sarcoidosis, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), and others. This review explores our current understanding of granulomas, as well as potential mechanisms, and applies this knowledge to unraveling coccidioidomycosis granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Miranda
- Quantitative Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Katrina K Hoyer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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30
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Groves AM, Misra R, Clair G, Hernady E, Olson H, Orton D, Finkelstein J, Marples B, Johnston CJ. Influence of the irradiated pulmonary microenvironment on macrophage and T cell dynamics. Radiother Oncol 2023; 183:109543. [PMID: 36813173 PMCID: PMC10238652 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lung is sensitive to radiation, increasing normal tissue toxicity risks following radiation therapy. Adverse outcomes include pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis, which result from dysregulated intercellular communication within the pulmonary microenvironment. Although macrophages are implicated in these pathogenic outcomes, the impact of their microenvironment is not well understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice received 6Gyx5 irradiation to the right lung. Macrophage and T cell dynamics were investigated in ipsilateral right lungs, contralateral left lungs and non-irradiated control lungs 4-26wk post exposure. Lungs were evaluated by flow cytometry, histology and proteomics. RESULTS Following uni-lung irradiation, focal regions of macrophage accumulation were noted in both lungs by 8wk, however by 26wk fibrotic lesions were observed only in ipsilateral lungs. Infiltrating and alveolar macrophages populations expanded in both lungs, however transitional CD11b + alveolar macrophages persisted only in ipsilateral lungs and expressed lower CD206. Concurrently, arginase-1 + macrophages accumulated in ipsilateral but not contralateral lungs at 8 and 26wk post exposure, while CD206 + macrophages were absent from these accumulations. While radiation expanded CD8 + T cells in both lungs, T regulatory cells only increased in ipsilateral lungs. Unbiased proteomics analysis of immune cells revealed a substantial number of differentially expressed proteins in ipsilateral lungs when compared to contralateral lungs and both differed from non-irradiated controls. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary macrophage and T cell dynamics are impacted by the microenvironmental conditions that develop following radiation exposure, both locally and systemically. While macrophages and T cells infiltrate and expand in both lungs, they diverge phenotypically depending on their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Groves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Ravi Misra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Geremy Clair
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Eric Hernady
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Heather Olson
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Danny Orton
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jacob Finkelstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Brian Marples
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Carl J Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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31
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Bibi Z, Ashraf K, Shehzadi A, Rehman A, Abbas Bukhari D. Evaluation of isolated probiotics on the efficacy of immune system in male and female Wistar rats. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:1036-1046. [PMID: 37250360 PMCID: PMC10209143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics were isolated from fruits and vegetables. Microscopic, biochemical, and molecular tests were carried out for the characterization of strains of probiotics. To assess the effects of isolated probiotics on immunity, male and female (15 + 15) Wistar rats (n = 3) were randomly distributed into 5 groups: 0-day, negative control, positive control (commercially available Lactobacillus acidophilus-14), laboratory isolated probiotics with accession numbers; Lactobacillus plantarum (MZ707748) and Lactobacillus plantarum (MZ729681), respectively. After hematological investigations, the amounts of IgA and IgG in male and female groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). At the same time, the values of Alanine-transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) in both genders were average, and there were no differences (p > 0.05). Male probiotic-treated groups had decreased levels of interleukin-6, bilirubin, and creatinine, but female probiotic-treated groups had a slight rise in bilirubin and creatinine values (p = 0.05). Cellular blood count levels of Hematocrit (HCT) and white blood cells (WBC) in male groups showed considerable differences (p < 0.05), while there were no differences (p > 0.05) in female groups. Levels of Red blood cells (RBC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) showed distinct changes (p < 0.05) in female groups, while these values were insignificant changes (p > 0.05) among male groups. There were considerable differences between the control and groups that were given probiotics. Histopathological results showed no damage to the liver and thymus. A fecal examination of rats was used to examine the viability and survival of Lactobacilli. Based on blood tests, it was observed that the immune system was boosted and improved in probiotic-treated groups compared to control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhra Bibi
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Areeba Shehzadi
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan
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32
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Xu J, Xie L. Advances in immune response to pulmonary infection: Nonspecificity, specificity and memory. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023; 9:71-81. [PMID: 37305110 PMCID: PMC10249196 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung immune response consists of various cells involved in both innate and adaptive immune processes. Innate immunity participates in immune resistance in a nonspecific manner, whereas adaptive immunity effectively eliminates pathogens through specific recognition. It was previously believed that adaptive immune memory plays a leading role during secondary infections; however, innate immunity is also involved in immune memory. Trained immunity refers to the long-term functional reprogramming of innate immune cells caused by the first infection, which alters the immune response during the second challenge. Tissue resilience limits the tissue damage caused by infection by controlling excessive inflammation and promoting tissue repair. In this review, we summarize the impact of host immunity on the pathophysiological processes of pulmonary infections and discuss the latest progress in this regard. In addition to the factors influencing pathogenic microorganisms, we emphasize the importance of the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Xu
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
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33
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Megremis S, Constantinides B, Xepapadaki P, Yap CF, Sotiropoulos AG, Bachert C, Finotto S, Jartti T, Tapinos A, Vuorinen T, Andreakos E, Robertson DL, Papadopoulos NG. Respiratory eukaryotic virome expansion and bacteriophage deficiency characterize childhood asthma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8319. [PMID: 37221274 PMCID: PMC10205716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma development and exacerbation is linked to respiratory virus infections. There is limited information regarding the presence of viruses during non-exacerbation/infection periods. We investigated the nasopharyngeal/nasal virome during a period of asymptomatic state, in a subset of 21 healthy and 35 asthmatic preschool children from the Predicta cohort. Using metagenomics, we described the virome ecology and the cross-species interactions within the microbiome. The virome was dominated by eukaryotic viruses, while prokaryotic viruses (bacteriophages) were independently observed with low abundance. Rhinovirus B species consistently dominated the virome in asthma. Anelloviridae were the most abundant and rich family in both health and asthma. However, their richness and alpha diversity were increased in asthma, along with the co-occurrence of different Anellovirus genera. Bacteriophages were richer and more diverse in healthy individuals. Unsupervised clustering identified three virome profiles that were correlated to asthma severity and control and were independent of treatment, suggesting a link between the respiratory virome and asthma. Finally, we observed different cross-species ecological associations in the healthy versus the asthmatic virus-bacterial interactome, and an expanded interactome of eukaryotic viruses in asthma. Upper respiratory virome "dysbiosis" appears to be a novel feature of pre-school asthma during asymptomatic/non-infectious states and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Megremis
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susetta Finotto
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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34
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Gopallawa I, Dehinwal R, Bhatia V, Gujar V, Chirmule N. A four-part guide to lung immunology: Invasion, inflammation, immunity, and intervention. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119564. [PMID: 37063828 PMCID: PMC10102582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lungs are important respiratory organs primarily involved in gas exchange. Lungs interact directly with the environment and their primary function is affected by several inflammatory responses caused by allergens, inflammatory mediators, and pathogens, eventually leading to disease. The immune architecture of the lung consists of an extensive network of innate immune cells, which induce adaptive immune responses based on the nature of the pathogen(s). The balance of immune responses is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis in the lung. Infection by pathogens and physical or genetic dysregulation of immune homeostasis result in inflammatory diseases. These responses culminate in the production of a plethora of cytokines such as TSLP, IL-9, IL-25, and IL-33, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Shifting the balance of Th1, Th2, Th9, and Th17 responses have been the targets of therapeutic interventions in the treatment of these diseases. Here, we have briefly reviewed the innate and adaptive i3mmune responses in the lung. Genetic and environmental factors, and infection are the major causes of dysregulation of various functions of the lung. We have elaborated on the impact of inflammatory and infectious diseases, advances in therapies, and drug delivery devices on this critical organ. Finally, we have provided a comprehensive compilation of different inflammatory and infectious diseases of the lungs and commented on the pros and cons of different inhalation devices for the management of lung diseases. The review is intended to provide a summary of the immunology of the lung, with an emphasis on drug and device development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Ruchika Dehinwal
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Vikramsingh Gujar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Narendra Chirmule
- R&D Department, SymphonyTech Biologics, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Narendra Chirmule,
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35
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Hashemi B, Abdollahi M, Abbaspour-Aghdam S, Hazrati A, Malekpour K, Meshgi S, Kafil HS, Ghazi F, Yousefi M, Roshangar L, Ahmadi M. The effect of probiotics on immune responses and their therapeutic application: A new treatment option for multiple sclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114195. [PMID: 36630847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is known as a chronic inflammatory disease (CID) that affects the central nervous system and leads to nerve demyelination. However, the exact cause of MS is unknown, but immune system regulation and inhibiting the function of inflammatory pathways may have a beneficial effect on controlling and improving the disease. Studies show that probiotics can alter the gut microbiome, thereby improving and affecting the immune system and inflammatory responses in patients with MS. The results show that probiotics have a good effect on the recovery of patients with MS in humans and animals. The present study investigated the effect of probiotics and possible therapeutic mechanisms of probiotics on immune cells and inflammatory cytokines. This review article showed that probiotics could improve immune cells and inflammatory cytokines in patients with MS and can play an effective role in disease management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Hashemi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Abbaspour-Aghdam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Meshgi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhood Ghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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36
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Mengistu DT, Freeman CM. Welcome to the Neighborhood: Tissue-Resident Lung Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Viral Infections. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:500-502. [PMID: 36255201 PMCID: PMC10870899 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202210-1867ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dawit T Mengistu
- Department of Internal Medicine Michigan Medicine Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christine M Freeman
- Department of Internal Medicine Michigan Medicine Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Research Service VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System Ann Arbor, Michigan
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37
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Zhao L, Luo JL, Ali MK, Spiekerkoetter E, Nicolls MR. The Human Respiratory Microbiome: Current Understandings and Future Directions. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:245-255. [PMID: 36476129 PMCID: PMC9989478 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0208tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms colonize the human body. The lungs and respiratory tract, previously believed to be sterile, harbor diverse microbial communities and the genomes of bacteria (bacteriome), viruses (virome), and fungi (mycobiome). Recent advances in amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing technologies and data-analyzing methods have greatly aided the identification and characterization of microbial populations from airways. The respiratory microbiome has been shown to play roles in human health and disease and is an area of rapidly emerging interest in pulmonary medicine. In this review, we provide updated information in the field by focusing on four lung conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We evaluate gut, oral, and upper airway microbiomes and how they contribute to lower airway flora. The discussion is followed by a systematic review of the lower airway microbiome in health and disease. We conclude with promising research avenues and implications for evolving therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and
| | - Jun-Li Luo
- The Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Mohammed Khadem Ali
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Edda Spiekerkoetter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and
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38
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Reyfman PA, Malsin ES, Khuder B, Joshi N, Gadhvi G, Flozak AS, Carns MA, Aren K, Goldberg IA, Kim S, Alexander M, Sporn PHS, Misharin AV, Budinger GS, Lam AP, Hinchcliff M, Gottardi CJ, Winter DR. A Novel MIP-1-Expressing Macrophage Subtype in BAL Fluid from Healthy Volunteers. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:176-185. [PMID: 36174229 PMCID: PMC9986555 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0123oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue availability remains an important limitation of single-cell genomic technologies for investigating cellular heterogeneity in human health and disease. BAL represents a minimally invasive approach to assessing an individual's lung cellular environment for diagnosis and research. However, the lack of high-quality, healthy lung reference data is a major obstacle to using single-cell approaches to study a plethora of lung diseases. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on over 40,000 cells isolated from the BAL of four healthy volunteers. Of the six cell types or lineages we identified, macrophages were consistently the most numerous across individuals. Our analysis confirmed the expression of marker genes defining cell types despite background signals because of the ambient RNA found in many single-cell studies. We assessed the variability of gene expression across macrophages and defined a distinct subpopulation of cells expressing a set of genes associated with Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1 (MIP-1). RNA in situ hybridization and reanalysis of published lung single-cell data validated the presence of this macrophage subpopulation. Thus, our study characterizes lung macrophage heterogeneity in healthy individuals and provides a valuable resource for future studies to understand the lung environment in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Reyfman
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Elizabeth S. Malsin
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Basil Khuder
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Nikita Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Gaurav Gadhvi
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Annette S. Flozak
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Mary A. Carns
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Kathleen Aren
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Isaac A. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Seokjo Kim
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Peter H. S. Sporn
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Alexander V. Misharin
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - G.R. Scott Budinger
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Anna P. Lam
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Monique Hinchcliff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Cara J. Gottardi
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
| | - Deborah R. Winter
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois and
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Humbert MV, Spalluto CM, Bell J, Blume C, Conforti F, Davies ER, Dean LSN, Elkington P, Haitchi HM, Jackson C, Jones MG, Loxham M, Lucas JS, Morgan H, Polak M, Staples KJ, Swindle EJ, Tezera L, Watson A, Wilkinson TMA. Towards an artificial human lung: modelling organ-like complexity to aid mechanistic understanding. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2200455. [PMID: 35777774 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00455-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases account for over 5 million deaths yearly and are a huge burden to healthcare systems worldwide. Murine models have been of paramount importance to decode human lung biology in vivo, but their genetic, anatomical, physiological and immunological differences with humans significantly hamper successful translation of research into clinical practice. Thus, to clearly understand human lung physiology, development, homeostasis and mechanistic dysregulation that may lead to disease, it is essential to develop models that accurately recreate the extraordinary complexity of the human pulmonary architecture and biology. Recent advances in micro-engineering technology and tissue engineering have allowed the development of more sophisticated models intending to bridge the gap between the native lung and its replicates in vitro Alongside advanced culture techniques, remarkable technological growth in downstream analyses has significantly increased the predictive power of human biology-based in vitro models by allowing capture and quantification of complex signals. Refined integrated multi-omics readouts could lead to an acceleration of the translational pipeline from in vitro experimental settings to drug development and clinical testing in the future. This review highlights the range and complexity of state-of-the-art lung models for different areas of the respiratory system, from nasal to large airways, small airways and alveoli, with consideration of various aspects of disease states and their potential applications, including pre-clinical drug testing. We explore how development of optimised physiologically relevant in vitro human lung models could accelerate the identification of novel therapeutics with increased potential to translate successfully from the bench to the patient's bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Humbert
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cosma Mirella Spalluto
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- M.V. Humbert and C.M. Spalluto are co-first authors and contributed equally to this work
| | - Joseph Bell
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cornelia Blume
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Franco Conforti
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Davies
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lareb S N Dean
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Elkington
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hans Michael Haitchi
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Claire Jackson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark G Jones
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew Loxham
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jane S Lucas
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marta Polak
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Karl J Staples
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emily J Swindle
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Liku Tezera
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alastair Watson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Chen Q, Zheng X, Li Y, Ma B, Nie X, Li M, Liu Y, Xu J, Yang Y. Wnt5a regulates autophagy in Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-Infected pulmonary epithelial cells. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105826. [PMID: 36243383 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy functions as a critical process that can suppress the proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) within infected host cells. Wnt5a is a secreted protein that plays a range of physiological functions, activating several signaling pathways and thereby controlling cellular responses to particular stimuli. The importance of Wnt5a as a regulator of protection against Mtb infection, however, has yet to be fully characterized. Here, changes in murine pulmonary epithelial-like TC-1 cell morphology, autophagy, the Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway, and the mTOR autophagy pathway were analyzed following infection with the Mtb model pathogen Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in order to understand the regulatory role of Wnt5a in this context. These experiments revealed that Wnt5a was upregulated and autophagy was enhanced in TC-1 cells infected with BCG, and Wnt5a overexpression was found to drive BCG-induced autophagy in these cells upon infection, whereas the inhibition or knockdown of Wnt5a yielded the opposite effect. At the mechanistic level, Wnt5a was found to mediate non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling and thereby inhibit mTOR-dependent pathway activation, promoting autophagic induction within BCG-infected TC-1 cells. These data offer new insight regarding how Wnt5a influences Mtb-induced autophagy within pulmonary epithelial cells, providing a foundation for further research exploring the immunological control of this infection through the modulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Xuedi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Boli Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Xueyi Nie
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China
| | - Jinrui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China; School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750021, China.
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Chen X, Chen Y, Xin Z, Lin M, Hao Z, Chen D, He T, Zhao L, Wu D, Wu P, Chai Y. Tissue-resident CD69 + CXCR6 + Natural Killer cells with exhausted phenotype accumulate in human non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1993-2005. [PMID: 36205624 PMCID: PMC10098621 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells with tissue-residency features (trNK cells) are a new subpopulation of NK cells, which plays an important role in tissue homeostasis. However, the characteristics of trNK cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of human cancers remain unclear. Using multicolor flow cytometry, we investigated the quantity, phenotype, and function of trNK cells in biospecimens freshly resected from 60 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We successfully identified a new CD69+ CXCR6+ trNK subset with an immunomodulatory-like and exhausted phenotype, specifically accumulated in the TME of NSCLC. In vitro experiments showed that CD69+ CXCR6+ trNK cells more readily secreted IFN-γ and TNF-α spontaneously. Furthermore, the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α by tumor-infiltrating CD69+ CXCR6+ trNK cells was not induced by their reactivation in vitro, which is analogous to T-cell exhaustion. Finally, we demonstrated that the dysfunction of CD69+ CXCR6+ trNK cells could be partly ameliorated by PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade. In summary, we identified a new dysfunctional CD69+ CXCR6+ trNK cell subset that specifically accumulates in the TME of NSCLC. Our findings suggest that CD69+ CXCR6+ trNK cells are a promising target for immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongyuan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwei Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Teng He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lufeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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42
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Kulle A, Thanabalasuriar A, Cohen TS, Szydlowska M. Resident macrophages of the lung and liver: The guardians of our tissues. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029085. [PMID: 36532044 PMCID: PMC9750759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident macrophages play a unique role in the maintenance of tissue function. As phagocytes, they are an essential first line defenders against pathogens and much of the initial characterization of these cells was focused on their interaction with viral and bacterial pathogens. However, these cells are increasingly recognized as contributing to more than just host defense. Through cytokine production, receptor engagement and gap junction communication resident macrophages tune tissue inflammatory tone, influence adaptive immune cell phenotype and regulate tissue structure and function. This review highlights resident macrophages in the liver and lung as they hold unique roles in the maintenance of the interface between the circulatory system and the external environment. As such, we detail the developmental origin of these cells, their contribution to host defense and the array of tools these cells use to regulate tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Kulle
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Taylor S. Cohen
- Late Stage Development, Vaccines and Immune Therapies (V&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Marta Szydlowska
- Bacteriology and Vaccine Discovery, Research and Early Development, Vaccines and Immune Therapies (V&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
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43
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Scordo JM, Piergallini TJ, Olmo-Fontánez AM, Thomas A, Raué HP, Slifka M, Turner J. Recall responses in the lung environment are impacted by age in a pilot study of Mycobacterium bovis-BCG vaccinated rhesus macaques. Exp Gerontol 2022; 167:111904. [PMID: 35918043 PMCID: PMC9907331 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Age-related changes in the immune system increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. Vaccines are an important tool to prevent infection or boost immunological memory; however, vaccines are less effective in aged individuals. In order to protect our aging population from the threat of infectious diseases, we must gain a better understanding of age-related alterations in the immune response at the site of infection. The lung is one site of frequent infection in older individuals. In this study, we expanded on our previous work to study vaccine-induced immune responses in the local lung environment in a pilot study of aged rhesus macaques. To do this, we developed an in vivo model to probe recall responses to tuberculin challenge in the lungs 8 weeks and 16 weeks post-Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination by performing targeted bronchoalveolar lavages. In parallel, we determined peripheral blood responses in vaccinated animals to compare systemic and local tissue responses to tuberculin challenge. We found that following lung tuberculin challenge 8 weeks post-vaccination, aged animals had reduced T cell responses, particularly within the CD8+ T cell compartment. Aged animals had decreased CD8+ effector and memory T cell recall responses and less activated CD8+ T cells. This diminished lung CD8+ T cell response in aged animals was maintained over time. Despite changes in the CD8+ T cell compartment, lung CD4+ T cell responses were similar between age groups. In the peripheral blood, we observed age-related changes in immune cell populations and plasma levels of immune mediators that were present prior to vaccination. Lastly, we found that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from aged BCG-vaccinated animals were functional in their response to antigen stimulation, behaving in a similar manner to those from their adult counterparts. These systemic observations were similar to those found in our previous study of BCG-vaccinated baboons, supporting the notion that tissue immune responses, and not systemic responses, to vaccination and challenge are impaired with age. These findings expand on our previous work to show that in addition to the skin, age-related changes in the lung environment impact recall immune responses to vaccination and challenge. The impact of age on local tissue responses to infectious challenge should be accounted for in the development of therapeutics or medical interventions aimed at boosting immune recall responses of aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Scordo
- Texas Biomedical Institute, San Antonio, TX,The University of Texas Health Science Center of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Angélica M. Olmo-Fontánez
- Texas Biomedical Institute, San Antonio, TX,The University of Texas Health Science Center of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | - Mark Slifka
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Joanne Turner
- Texas Biomedical Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States of America.
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44
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Leong EWX, Ge R. Lipid Nanoparticles as Delivery Vehicles for Inhaled Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2179. [PMID: 36140280 PMCID: PMC9496059 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a powerful non-viral carrier for drug delivery. With the prevalence of respiratory diseases, particularly highlighted by the current COVID-19 pandemic, investigations into applying LNPs to deliver inhaled therapeutics directly to the lungs are underway. The progress in LNP development as well as the recent pre-clinical studies in three main classes of inhaled encapsulated drugs: small molecules, nucleic acids and proteins/peptides will be discussed. The advantages of the pulmonary drug delivery system such as reducing systemic toxicity and enabling higher local drug concentration in the lungs are evaluated together with the challenges and design considerations for improved formulations. This review provides a perspective on the future prospects of LNP-mediated delivery of inhaled therapeutics for respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
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45
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Qi F, Cao Y, Zhang S, Zhang Z. Single-cell analysis of the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:964976. [PMID: 36119105 PMCID: PMC9478577 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.964976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Amid the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaccination and early therapeutic interventions are the most effective means to combat and control the severity of the disease. Host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, particularly adaptive immune responses, should be fully understood to develop improved strategies to implement these measures. Single-cell multi-omic technologies, including flow cytometry, single-cell transcriptomics, and single-cell T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) profiling, offer a better solution to examine the protective or pathological immune responses and molecular mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, thus providing crucial support for the development of vaccines and therapeutics for COVID-19. Recent reviews have revealed the overall immune landscape of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, and this review will focus on adaptive immune responses (including T cells and B cells) to SARS-CoV-2 revealed by single-cell multi-omics technologies. In addition, we explore how the single-cell analyses disclose the critical components of immune protection and pathogenesis during SARS-CoV-2 infection through the comparison between the adaptive immune responses induced by natural infection and by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Qi
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics Reasearch and Application, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingyin Cao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Clinical Center for BioTherapy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics Reasearch and Application, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, China
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46
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Juarez VM, Montalbine AN, Singh A. Microbiome as an immune regulator in health, disease, and therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114400. [PMID: 35718251 PMCID: PMC10751508 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New discoveries in drugs and drug delivery systems are focused on identifying and delivering a pharmacologically effective agent, potentially targeting a specific molecular component. However, current drug discovery and therapeutic delivery approaches do not necessarily exploit the complex regulatory network of an indispensable microbiota that has been engineered through evolutionary processes in humans or has been altered by environmental exposure or diseases. The human microbiome, in all its complexity, plays an integral role in the maintenance of host functions such as metabolism and immunity. However, dysregulation in this intricate ecosystem has been linked with a variety of diseases, ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to cancer. Therapeutics and bacteria have an undeniable effect on each other and understanding the interplay between microbes and drugs could lead to new therapies, or to changes in how existing drugs are delivered. In addition, targeting the human microbiome using engineered therapeutics has the potential to address global health challenges. Here, we present the challenges and cutting-edge developments in microbiome-immune cell interactions and outline novel targeting strategies to advance drug discovery and therapeutics, which are defining a new era of personalized and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria M Juarez
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alyssa N Montalbine
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ankur Singh
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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47
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Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of studying antiviral immunity within sites of infection to gain insights into mechanisms for immune protection and disease pathology. As SARS-CoV-2 is tropic to the respiratory tract, many studies of airway washes, lymph node aspirates, and postmortem lung tissue have revealed site-specific immune dynamics that are associated with the protection or immunopathology but are not readily observed in circulation. This review summarizes the growing body of work identifying immune processes in tissues and their interplay with immune responses in circulation during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe disease, and memory persistence. Establishment of tissue resident immunity also may have implications for vaccination and the durability of immune memory and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Rybkina
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Julia Davis‐Porada
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Donna L. Farber
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of SurgeryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Guasconi L, Beccacece I, Volpini X, Burstein VL, Mena CJ, Silvane L, Almeida MA, Musri MM, Cervi L, Chiapello LS. Pulmonary Conventional Type 1 Langerin-Expressing Dendritic Cells Play a Role in Impairing Early Protective Immune Response against Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Mice. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080792. [PMID: 36012781 PMCID: PMC9410147 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung dendritic cells (DC) are powerful antigen-presenting cells constituted by various subpopulations that differ in terms of their function and origin and differentially regulate cell-mediated antifungal immunity. The lung is the primary target organ of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii infections, which makes it essential in the establishment of the first line of anti-cryptococcal defense. However, the lung-specific dynamics and function of DC subsets are poorly understood in cryptococcosis. In this study, we provide evidence for the in vivo function of a conventional langerin-expressing DC1 dendritic cell (LangDC1) population during the first week of intratracheal C. neoformans infection in mice. By using conditional depletion of LangDC1 after diphtheria toxin treatment of LangDTREGFP mice, we demonstrate that these animals better control the fungal infection and produce type 1 and 17 cytokines in the context of a type 2 immune response, favoring a predominance of iNOS over arginase-1 expression by pulmonary cells. Our results suggest that LangDC1 cells play a role in impairing immune response for the clearance of C. neoformans in the early stage of pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Guasconi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; (L.G.); (I.B.); (X.V.); (V.L.B.); (C.J.M.); (L.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Beccacece
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; (L.G.); (I.B.); (X.V.); (V.L.B.); (C.J.M.); (L.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Ximena Volpini
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; (L.G.); (I.B.); (X.V.); (V.L.B.); (C.J.M.); (L.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina;
| | - Verónica L. Burstein
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; (L.G.); (I.B.); (X.V.); (V.L.B.); (C.J.M.); (L.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Cristian J. Mena
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; (L.G.); (I.B.); (X.V.); (V.L.B.); (C.J.M.); (L.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Silvane
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; (L.G.); (I.B.); (X.V.); (V.L.B.); (C.J.M.); (L.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Mariel A. Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; (L.G.); (I.B.); (X.V.); (V.L.B.); (C.J.M.); (L.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Melina Mara Musri
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina;
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
| | - Laura Cervi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; (L.G.); (I.B.); (X.V.); (V.L.B.); (C.J.M.); (L.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (L.S.C.)
| | - Laura S. Chiapello
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; (L.G.); (I.B.); (X.V.); (V.L.B.); (C.J.M.); (L.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (L.S.C.)
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Tang DS, Cao F, Yan CS, Cui JT, Guo XY, Cheng L, Li L, Li YL, Ma JM, Fang K, Gao L, Ren NS, Sun B, Wang G, Ji L. Acinar Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicle MiRNA-183-5p Aggravates Acute Pancreatitis by Promoting M1 Macrophage Polarization Through Downregulation of FoxO1. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869207. [PMID: 35911777 PMCID: PMC9326086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common cause of a clinically acute abdomen. Crosstalk between acinar cells and leukocytes (especially macrophages) plays an important role in the development of AP. However, the mechanism mediating the interaction between acinar cells and macrophages is still unclear. This study was performed to explore the role of acinar cell extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the crosstalk between acinar cells and macrophages involved in the pathogenesis of AP. EVs derived from caerulein-treated acinar cells induced macrophage infiltration and aggravated pancreatitis in an AP rat model. Further research showed that acinar cell-derived EV miR-183-5p led to M1 macrophage polarization by downregulating forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), and a dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that FoxO1 was directly inhibited by miR-183-5p. In addition, acinar cell-derived EV miR-183-5p reduced macrophage phagocytosis. Acinar cell-derived EV miR-183-5p promoted the pancreatic infiltration of M1 macrophages and increased local and systemic damage in vivo. Subsequently, miR-183-5p overexpression in macrophages induced acinar cell damage and trypsin activation, thus further exacerbating the disease. In clinical samples, elevated miR-183-5p levels were detected in serum EVs and positively correlated with the severity of AP. EV miR-183-5p might play an important role in the development of AP by facilitating M1 macrophage polarization, providing a new insight into the diagnosis and targeted management of pancreatitis. Graphical abstract of the present study. In our caerulein-induced AP model, miR-183-5p was upregulated in injured acinar cells and transported by EVs to macrophages. miR-183-5p could induce M1 macrophage polarization through downregulation of FoxO1 and the release of inflammatory cytokines, which could aggravate AP-related injuries. Therefore, a vicious cycle might exist between injured ACs and M1 macrophage polarization, which is fulfilled by EV-transported miR-183-5p, leading to sustainable and progressive AP-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-sheng Tang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Acute Pancreatitis, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-sheng Yan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Ji-tao Cui
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-yu Guo
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-long Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-min Ma
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Fang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Nian-sheng Ren
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Liang Ji,
| | - Liang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Liang Ji,
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Yao Y, Liu H, Yuan L, Du X, Yang Y, Zhou K, Wu X, Qin L, Yang M, Xiang Y, Qu X, Qin X, Liu C. Integrins are double-edged swords in pulmonary infectious diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113300. [PMID: 35728353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are an important family of adhesion molecules that are widely distributed on immune cells in the lungs. Of note, accumulating evidences have shown that integrins are double-edged swords in pulmonary infectious diseases. On one hand, integrins promote the migration of immune cells to remove the invaded pathogens in the infected lungs. However, on the other hand, integrins also act as the targets for pathogens to escape from host immune system, which is a potential factor leading to further tissue damage. Thus, the innovative therapeutic strategies based on integrins has inspired well-founded hopes to treat pulmonary infectious diseases. In this review, we illustrate the involvement of integrins in pulmonary infectious diseases, and further discuss the innovative therapeutic targets based on integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xizi Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of China-Africa Infectious Diseases, Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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