1
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Zwick D, Vo MT, Shim YJ, Reijonen H, Do JS. BACH2: The Future of Induced T-Regulatory Cell Therapies. Cells 2024; 13:891. [PMID: 38891024 PMCID: PMC11172166 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACH2 (BTB Domain and CNC Homolog 2) is a transcription factor that serves as a central regulator of immune cell differentiation and function, particularly in T and B lymphocytes. A picture is emerging that BACH2 may function as a master regulator of cell fate that is exquisitely sensitive to cell activation status. In particular, BACH2 plays a key role in stabilizing the phenotype and suppressive function of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-derived human forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3)+ inducible regulatory T cells (iTregs), a cell type that holds great clinical potential as a cell therapeutic for diverse inflammatory conditions. As such, BACH2 potentially could be targeted to overcome the instability of the iTreg phenotype and suppressive function that has hampered their clinical application. In this review, we focus on the role of BACH2 in T cell fate and iTreg function and stability. We suggest approaches to modulate BACH2 function that may lead to more stable and efficacious Treg cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zwick
- Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Mai Tram Vo
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Young Jun Shim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Helena Reijonen
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Jeong-su Do
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
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2
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Fitzpatrick Z, Ghabdan Zanluqui N, Rosenblum JS, Tuong ZK, Lee CYC, Chandrashekhar V, Negro-Demontel ML, Stewart AP, Posner DA, Buckley M, Allinson KSJ, Mastorakos P, Chittiboina P, Maric D, Donahue D, Helmy A, Tajsic T, Ferdinand JR, Portet A, Peñalver A, Gillman E, Zhuang Z, Clatworthy MR, McGavern DB. Venous-plexus-associated lymphoid hubs support meningeal humoral immunity. Nature 2024; 628:612-619. [PMID: 38509366 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in how immune cells in the meninges-the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord-contribute to homeostasis and disease in the central nervous system1,2. The outer layer of the meninges, the dura mater, has recently been described to contain both innate and adaptive immune cells, and functions as a site for B cell development3-6. Here we identify organized lymphoid structures that protect fenestrated vasculature in the dura mater. The most elaborate of these dural-associated lymphoid tissues (DALT) surrounded the rostral-rhinal confluence of the sinuses and included lymphatic vessels. We termed this structure, which interfaces with the skull bone marrow and a comparable venous plexus at the skull base, the rostral-rhinal venolymphatic hub. Immune aggregates were present in DALT during homeostasis and expanded with age or after challenge with systemic or nasal antigens. DALT contain germinal centre B cells and support the generation of somatically mutated, antibody-producing cells in response to a nasal pathogen challenge. Inhibition of lymphocyte entry into the rostral-rhinal hub at the time of nasal viral challenge abrogated the generation of germinal centre B cells and class-switched plasma cells, as did perturbation of B-T cell interactions. These data demonstrate a lymphoid structure around vasculature in the dura mater that can sample antigens and rapidly support humoral immune responses after local pathogen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fitzpatrick
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nagela Ghabdan Zanluqui
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colin Y C Lee
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Maria Luciana Negro-Demontel
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew P Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David A Posner
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monica Buckley
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kieren S J Allinson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Panagiotis Mastorakos
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Surgical Neurology, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Adel Helmy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tamara Tajsic
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anais Portet
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Peñalver
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Gillman
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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3
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Hardtke-Wolenski M, Landwehr-Kenzel S. Tipping the balance in autoimmunity: are regulatory t cells the cause, the cure, or both? Mol Cell Pediatr 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38507159 PMCID: PMC10954601 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-024-00176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subgroup of T-cell lymphocytes that is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive immune responses. Depending on their differentiation route, Tregs can be subdivided into thymically derived Tregs (tTregs) and peripherally induced Tregs (pTregs), which originate from conventional T cells after extrathymic differentiation at peripheral sites. Although the regulatory attributes of tTregs and pTregs partially overlap, their modes of action, protein expression profiles, and functional stability exhibit specific characteristics unique to each subset. Over the last few years, our knowledge of Treg differentiation, maturation, plasticity, and correlations between their phenotypes and functions has increased. Genetic and functional studies in patients with numeric and functional Treg deficiencies have contributed to our mechanistic understanding of immune dysregulation and autoimmune pathologies. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of Treg biology, discusses monogenetic Treg pathologies and explores the role of Tregs in various other autoimmune disorders. Additionally, we discuss novel approaches that explore Tregs as targets or agents of innovative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Sybille Landwehr-Kenzel
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
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4
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Weng X, Zheng M, Liu Y, Lou G. The role of Bach2 in regulating CD8 + T cell development and function. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:169. [PMID: 38459508 PMCID: PMC10921639 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bach2 was initially discovered in B cells, where it was revealed to control the transcription involved in cell differentiation. Bach2 is intimately connected to CD8 + T lymphocytes in various differentiation states and subsets according to recent findings. Bach2 can regulate primitive T cells, stimulate the development and differentiation of memory CD8 + T cells, inhibit the differentiation of effector CD8 + T cells, and play a significant role in the exhaustion of CD8 + T cells. The appearance and development of diseases are tightly linked to irregular CD8 + T cell differentiation and function. Accordingly, Bach2 offers novel approaches and possible targets for the clinical treatment of associated disorders based on research on these pathways. Here, we summarize the role of Bach2 in the function and differentiation of CD8 + T cells and its potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Weng
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, 6A-5, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Min Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, 6A-5, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yanning Liu
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, 6A-5, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Guohua Lou
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79# Qingchun Road, 6A-5, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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5
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Hsieh CH, Lee J, Sung HH, Huang YF, Ding YS, Li CY, Yen CL, Hsu CK, Yu CK, Hsieh HY, Hughes MW, Chen PC, Shieh CC. Novel SLC5A6 mutations lead to B lymphocyte maturation defects with metabolic abnormality rescuable by biotin replenishment. Clin Immunol 2023; 257:109855. [PMID: 38036278 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We characterized a family diagnosed with immunodeficiency disease presenting with low immunoglobulin levels and skin dyskeratosis. Exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous missense variants in SLC5A6, the gene encoding a cellular sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) responsible for transporting vitamins, including biotin (vitamin B7). We showed that the biotin deficiency was caused by the SLC5A6 variants resulting in defective B cell differentiation and antibody deficiency. Altered cellular metabolic profiles, including aberrant mitochondrial respiration and reliance on glycolysis, may underlie the failure in plasma cell maturation. Replenishment of biotin improved plasma cell maturation and recovered the antibody producing activity in the patient and in a CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited mouse model bearing a patient-specific SLC5A6 variant. Our results demonstrate the critical role of metabolic reprogramming in the maturation of plasma cells and nominate SLC5A6 as a causative gene for immunodeficiency that may be treated by biotin replenishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Han Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hsuan Sung
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Huang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Reasearch Laboratories, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sian Ding
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Reasearch Laboratories, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Yen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Research Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Keung Yu
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Warren Hughes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Research Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Chang Shieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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6
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Kasmani MY, Topchyan P, Brown AK, Brown RJ, Wu X, Chen Y, Khatun A, Alson D, Wu Y, Burns R, Lin CW, Kudek MR, Sun J, Cui W. A spatial sequencing atlas of age-induced changes in the lung during influenza infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6597. [PMID: 37852965 PMCID: PMC10584893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection causes increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Aging impairs the immune response to influenza, both intrinsically and because of altered interactions with endothelial and pulmonary epithelial cells. To characterize these changes, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics, and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) on lung tissue from young and aged female mice at days 0, 3, and 9 post-influenza infection. Our analyses identified dozens of key genes differentially expressed in kinetic, age-dependent, and cell type-specific manners. Aged immune cells exhibited altered inflammatory, memory, and chemotactic profiles. Aged endothelial cells demonstrated characteristics of reduced vascular wound healing and a prothrombotic state. Spatial transcriptomics identified novel profibrotic and antifibrotic markers expressed by epithelial and non-epithelial cells, highlighting the complex networks that promote fibrosis in aged lungs. Bulk RNA-seq generated a timeline of global transcriptional activity, showing increased expression of genes involved in inflammation and coagulation in aged lungs. Our work provides an atlas of high-throughput sequencing methodologies that can be used to investigate age-related changes in the response to influenza virus, identify novel cell-cell interactions for further study, and ultimately uncover potential therapeutic targets to improve health outcomes in the elderly following influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moujtaba Y Kasmani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Paytsar Topchyan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ashley K Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ryan J Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Achia Khatun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Donia Alson
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Robert Burns
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Matthew R Kudek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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7
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Burnet AM, Brunetti T, Rochford R. Hemin treatment drives viral reactivation and plasma cell differentiation of EBV latently infected B cells. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011561. [PMID: 37639483 PMCID: PMC10491393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Plasmodium falciparum have a well described role in the development of endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL), yet the mechanisms involved remain unknown. A major hallmark of malarial disease is hemolysis and bystander eryptosis of red blood cells, which causes release of free heme in large quantities into peripheral blood. We hypothesized that heme released during malaria infection drives differentiation of latently infected EBV-positive B cells, resulting in viral reactivation and release of infectious virus. To test this hypothesis, we used the EBV-positive Mutu I B-cell line and treated with hemin (the oxidized form of heme) and evaluated evidence of EBV reactivation. Hemin treatment resulted in the expression of EBV immediate early, early and late lytic gene transcripts. In addition, expression of CD138, a marker of plasma cells was co-expressed with the late lytic protein gp350 on hemin treated Mutu I cells. Finally, DNase-resistant EBV DNA indicative of virion production was detected in supernatant. To assess the transcriptional changes induced by hemin treatment, RNA sequencing was performed on mock- and hemin-treated Mutu I cells, and a shift from mature B cell transcripts to plasma cell transcripts was identified. To identify the mechanism of hemin-induced B cell differentiation, we measured levels of the plasma cell transcriptional repressor, BACH2, that contains specific heme binding sites. Hemin treatment caused significant degradation of BACH2 by 24 hours post-treatment in four BL cell lines (two EBV positive, two EBV negative). Knockdown of BACH2 in Mutu I cells using siRNAs significantly increased CD138+gp350+ cells to levels similar to treatment with hemin. This suggested that hemin induced BACH2 degradation was responsible for plasma cell differentiation and viral reactivation. Together, these data support a model where EBV reactivation can occur during malaria infection via heme modulation, providing a mechanistic link between malaria and EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Burnet
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tonya Brunetti
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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8
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Steinmetz TD, Verstappen GM, Suurmond J, Kroese FGM. Targeting plasma cells in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases - Promises and pitfalls. Immunol Lett 2023; 260:44-57. [PMID: 37315847 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cells are the antibody secretors of the immune system. Continuous antibody secretion over years can provide long-term immune protection but could also be held responsible for long-lasting autoimmunity in case of self-reactive plasma cells. Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) affect multiple organ systems and are associated with a plethora of different autoantibodies. Two prototypic systemic ARDs are systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's disease (SjD). Both diseases are characterized by B-cell hyperactivity and the production of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens. Analogues to other immune cells, different subsets of plasma cells have been described. Plasma cell subsets are often defined dependent on their current state of maturation, that also depend on the precursor B-cell subset from which they derived. But, a universal definition of plasma cell subsets is not available so far. Furthermore, the ability for long-term survival and effector functions may differ, potentially in a disease-specific manner. Characterization of plasma cell subsets and their specificity in individual patients can help to choose a suitable targeting approach for either a broad or more selective plasma cell depletion. Targeting plasma cells in systemic ARDs is currently challenging because of side effects or varying depletion efficacies in the tissue. Recent developments, however, like antigen-specific targeting and CAR-T-cell therapy might open up major benefits for patients beyond current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobit D Steinmetz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gwenny M Verstappen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Suurmond
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Zhu N, Hu L, Hu W, Li Q, Mao H, Wang M, Ke Z, Qi L, Wang J. Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of mRNA and lncRNA of Mouse Spleens Inoculated with the Group ACYW135 Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1295. [PMID: 37631863 PMCID: PMC10458039 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Group ACYW135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPV-ACYW135) is a classical common vaccine used to prevent Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, and W135, but studies on the vaccine at the transcriptional level are still limited. In the present study, mRNAs and lncRNAs related to immunity were screened from the spleens of mice inoculated with MPV-ACYW135 and compared with the control group to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs in the immune response. The result revealed 34375 lncRNAs and 41321 mRNAs, including 405 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 52 DE mRNAs between the MPV group and the control group. Results of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis turned out that the main pathways related to the immunity of target genes of those DE mRNAs and DE lncRNAs were largely associated with positive regulation of T cell activation, CD8-positive immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue, alpha-beta T cell proliferation, negative regulation of CD4-positive, and negative regulation of interleukin-17 production, suggesting that the antigens of MPV-ACYW135 capsular polysaccharide might activate T cell related immune reaction in the vaccine inoculation. In addition, it was noted that Bach2 (BTB and CNC homolog 2), the target gene of lncRNA MSTRG.17645, was involved in the regulation of immune response in MPV-ACYW135 vaccination. This study provided a preliminary catalog of both mRNAs and lncRNAs associated with the proliferation and differentiation of body immune cells, which was worthy of further research to enhance the understanding of the biological immune process regulated by MPV-ACYW135.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
- Aimei Vacin BioPharm (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Liping Hu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
- Aimei Vacin BioPharm (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Wenlong Hu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
- Aimei Vacin BioPharm (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
- Aimei Vacin BioPharm (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Haiguang Mao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
| | - Mengting Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
| | - Zhijian Ke
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
| | - Lili Qi
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
| | - Jinbo Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Qianhunan Road 1, Ningbo 315100, China; (N.Z.); (L.H.); (W.H.); (Q.L.); (M.W.); (Z.K.); (L.Q.)
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10
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Del Pozo-Yauner L, Herrera GA, Perez Carreon JI, Turbat-Herrera EA, Rodriguez-Alvarez FJ, Ruiz Zamora RA. Role of the mechanisms for antibody repertoire diversification in monoclonal light chain deposition disorders: when a friend becomes foe. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203425. [PMID: 37520549 PMCID: PMC10374031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates generates a highly diverse repertoire of antibodies to meet the antigenic challenges of a constantly evolving biological ecosystem. Most of the diversity is generated by two mechanisms: V(D)J gene recombination and somatic hypermutation (SHM). SHM introduces changes in the variable domain of antibodies, mostly in the regions that form the paratope, yielding antibodies with higher antigen binding affinity. However, antigen recognition is only possible if the antibody folds into a stable functional conformation. Therefore, a key force determining the survival of B cell clones undergoing somatic hypermutation is the ability of the mutated heavy and light chains to efficiently fold and assemble into a functional antibody. The antibody is the structural context where the selection of the somatic mutations occurs, and where both the heavy and light chains benefit from protective mechanisms that counteract the potentially deleterious impact of the changes. However, in patients with monoclonal gammopathies, the proliferating plasma cell clone may overproduce the light chain, which is then secreted into the bloodstream. This places the light chain out of the protective context provided by the quaternary structure of the antibody, increasing the risk of misfolding and aggregation due to destabilizing somatic mutations. Light chain-derived (AL) amyloidosis, light chain deposition disease (LCDD), Fanconi syndrome, and myeloma (cast) nephropathy are a diverse group of diseases derived from the pathologic aggregation of light chains, in which somatic mutations are recognized to play a role. In this review, we address the mechanisms by which somatic mutations promote the misfolding and pathological aggregation of the light chains, with an emphasis on AL amyloidosis. We also analyze the contribution of the variable domain (VL) gene segments and somatic mutations on light chain cytotoxicity, organ tropism, and structure of the AL fibrils. Finally, we analyze the most recent advances in the development of computational algorithms to predict the role of somatic mutations in the cardiotoxicity of amyloidogenic light chains and discuss the challenges and perspectives that this approach faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Del Pozo-Yauner
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama-College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Guillermo A. Herrera
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama-College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
| | | | - Elba A. Turbat-Herrera
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama-College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama-College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States
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11
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Hieber C, Grabbe S, Bros M. Counteracting Immunosenescence-Which Therapeutic Strategies Are Promising? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1085. [PMID: 37509121 PMCID: PMC10377144 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging attenuates the overall responsiveness of the immune system to eradicate pathogens. The increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells under basal conditions, termed inflammaging, contributes to impaired innate immune responsiveness towards pathogen-mediated stimulation and limits antigen-presenting activity. Adaptive immune responses are attenuated as well due to lowered numbers of naïve lymphocytes and their impaired responsiveness towards antigen-specific stimulation. Additionally, the numbers of immunoregulatory cell types, comprising regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, that inhibit the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells are elevated. This review aims to summarize our knowledge on the cellular and molecular causes of immunosenescence while also taking into account senescence effects that constitute immune evasion mechanisms in the case of chronic viral infections and cancer. For tumor therapy numerous nanoformulated drugs have been developed to overcome poor solubility of compounds and to enable cell-directed delivery in order to restore immune functions, e.g., by addressing dysregulated signaling pathways. Further, nanovaccines which efficiently address antigen-presenting cells to mount sustained anti-tumor immune responses have been clinically evaluated. Further, senolytics that selectively deplete senescent cells are being tested in a number of clinical trials. Here we discuss the potential use of such drugs to improve anti-aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hieber
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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12
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Zhou L, Sun G, Chen R, Chen J, Fang S, Xu Q, Tang W, Dai R, Zhang Z, An Y, Tang X, Zhao X. An early-onset SLE patient with a novel paternal inherited BACH2 mutation. J Clin Immunol 2023:10.1007/s10875-023-01506-7. [PMID: 37148421 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACH2-related immunodeficiency and autoimmunity (BRIDA) is an inborn error of immunity, newly reported in 2017, presenting with symptoms of immunoglobulin deficiency and ongoing colitis. Studies using a mouse model have demonstrated that BACH2 deficiency predisposes individuals to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, no BACH2 deficiency has been reported in SLE patients. Here we describe a patient with BRIDA presenting with early-onset SLE, juvenile dermatomyositis, and IgA deficiency. Whole exome sequencing analysis of the patient and her parents revealed a novel heterozygous point mutation in BACH2, c.G1727T, resulting in substitution of a highly conserved arginine with leucine (R576L), which is predicted to be deleterious, in the patient and her father. Reduced BACH2 expression and deficient transcriptional repression of the BACH2 target, BLIMP1, were detected in PBMCs or lymphoblastoid cell lines of our patient. Notably, extreme reduction of memory B cells was detected in the patient's father, although he had no obvious symptoms. SLE symptoms and recurrent fever were relieved by treatment with prednisone combined with tofacitinib. Thus, we present the second report of BRIDA and demonstrate that BACH2 may be a monogenic cause of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gan Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuyu Fang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiling Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongxin Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfei An
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Inaba A, Tuong ZK, Zhao TX, Stewart AP, Mathews R, Truman L, Sriranjan R, Kennet J, Saeb-Parsy K, Wicker L, Waldron-Lynch F, Cheriyan J, Todd JA, Mallat Z, Clatworthy MR. Low-dose IL-2 enhances the generation of IL-10-producing immunoregulatory B cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2071. [PMID: 37045832 PMCID: PMC10097719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of interleukin-10 producing regulatory B cells has been associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, but whether regulatory B cells can be therapeutically induced in humans is currently unknown. Here we demonstrate that a subset of activated B cells expresses CD25, and the addition of low-dose recombinant IL-2 to in vitro stimulated peripheral blood and splenic human B cells augments IL-10 secretion. Administration of low dose IL-2, aldesleukin, to patients increases IL-10-producing B cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of circulating immune cells isolated from low dose IL2-treated patients reveals an increase in plasmablast and plasma cell populations that are enriched for a regulatory B cell gene signature. The transcriptional repressor BACH2 is significantly down-regulated in plasma cells from IL-2-treated patients, BACH2 binds to the IL-10 gene promoter, and Bach2 depletion or genetic deficiency increases B cell IL-10, implicating BACH2 suppression as an important mechanism by which IL-2 may promote an immunoregulatory phenotype in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimichi Inaba
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Tian X Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew P Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebeccah Mathews
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucy Truman
- Ear, Nose Throat Department, West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | - Rouchelle Sriranjan
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane Kennet
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linda Wicker
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frank Waldron-Lynch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Autoimmunity Transplantation Inflammation, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Cheriyan
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John A Todd
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Universite de Paris and INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
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14
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Nellore A, Zumaquero E, Scharer CD, Fucile CF, Tipton CM, King RG, Mi T, Mousseau B, Bradley JE, Zhou F, Mutneja S, Goepfert PA, Boss JM, Randall TD, Sanz I, Rosenberg AF, Lund FE. A transcriptionally distinct subset of influenza-specific effector memory B cells predicts long-lived antibody responses to vaccination in humans. Immunity 2023; 56:847-863.e8. [PMID: 36958335 PMCID: PMC10113805 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccination elicits hemagglutinin (HA)-specific memory B (Bmem) cells, and although multiple Bmem cell populations have been characterized, considerable heterogeneity exists. We found that HA-specific human Bmem cells differed in the expression of surface marker FcRL5 and transcriptional factor T-bet. FcRL5+T-bet+ Bmem cells were transcriptionally similar to effector-like memory cells, while T-betnegFcRL5neg Bmem cells exhibited stem-like central memory properties. FcRL5+ Bmem cells did not express plasma-cell-commitment factors but did express transcriptional, epigenetic, metabolic, and functional programs that poised these cells for antibody production. Accordingly, HA+ T-bet+ Bmem cells at day 7 post-vaccination expressed intracellular immunoglobulin, and tonsil-derived FcRL5+ Bmem cells differentiated more rapidly into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in vitro. The T-bet+ Bmem cell response positively correlated with long-lived humoral immunity, and clonotypes from T-bet+ Bmem cells were represented in the secondary ASC response to repeat vaccination, suggesting that this effector-like population predicts influenza vaccine durability and recall potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoma Nellore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Esther Zumaquero
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christopher F Fucile
- Informatics Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christopher M Tipton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - R Glenn King
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tian Mi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Betty Mousseau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John E Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Fen Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stuti Mutneja
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; ImmuneID, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Paul A Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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15
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Xu J, Zhu K, Wang Y, Chen J. The dual role and mutual dependence of heme/HO-1/Bach1 axis in the carcinogenic and anti-carcinogenic intersection. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:483-501. [PMID: 36310300 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In physiological concentrations, heme is nontoxic to the cell and is essential for cell survival and proliferation. Increasing intracellular heme concentrations beyond normal levels, however, will lead to carcinogenesis and facilitate the survival of tumor cells. Simultaneously, heme in an abnormally high quantity is also a potent inducer of tumor cell death, contributing to its ability to generate oxidative stress on the cells by boosting oxidative phosphorylation and suppressing tumors through ferroptosis. During tumorigenesis and progression, therefore, heme works as a double-edged sword. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, which converts heme into physiologically active catabolites of carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin, and ferrous iron (Fe2+). HO-1 maintains redox equilibrium in healthy cells and functions as a carcinogenesis inhibitor. It is widely recognized that HO-1 is involved in the adaptive response to cellular stress and the anti-inflammation effect. Notably, its expression level in cancer cells corresponds with tumor growth, aggressiveness, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Besides, heme-binding transcription factor BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1) play a critical regulatory role in heme homeostasis, oxidative stress and senescence, cell cycle, angiogenesis, immune cell differentiation, and autoimmune disorders. Moreover, it was found that Bach1 influences cancer cells' metabolism and metastatic capacity. Bach1 controls heme level by adjusting HO-1 expression, establishing a negative feedback loop. MATERIALS AND METHODS Herein, the authors review recent studies on heme, HO-1, and Bach1 in cancer. Specifically, they cover the following areas: (1) the carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic aspects of heme; (2) the carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic aspects of HO-1; (3) the carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic aspects of Bach1; (4) the interactions of the heme/HO-1/Bach1 axis involved in tumor progression. CONCLUSION This review summarized the literature about the dual role of the heme/HO-1/Bach1 axis and their mutual dependence in the carcinogenesis and anti-carcinogenesis intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | | | - Yali Wang
- Jiangsu Huai'an Maternity and Children Hospital, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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16
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Guo Y, Song S, DU X, Tian L, Zhang M, Zhou H, Chen ZK, Chang S. Romidepsin (FK228) improves the survival of allogeneic skin grafts through downregulating the production of donor-specific antibody via suppressing the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:392-406. [PMID: 35557040 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is one of the major causes of graft loss after transplantation. Recently, the regulation of B cell differentiation and the prevention of donor-specific antibody (DSA) production have gained increased attention in transplant research. Herein, we established a secondary allogeneic in vivo skin transplant model to study the effects of romidepsin (FK228) on DSA. The survival of grafted skins was monitored daily. The serum levels of DSA and the number of relevant immunocytes in the recipient spleens were evaluated by flow cytometry. Then, we isolated and purified B cells from B6 mouse spleens in vitro by magnetic bead sorting. The B cells were cultured with interleukin-4 (IL-4) and anti-clusters of differentiation 40 (CD40) antibody with or without FK228 treatment. The immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgM levels in the supernatant were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were conducted to determine the corresponding levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in cultured cells and the recipient spleens. The results showed that FK228 significantly improved the survival of allogeneic skin grafts. Moreover, FK228 inhibited DSA production in the serum along with the suppression of histone deacetylase 1 (HADC1) and HDAC2 and the upregulation of the acetylation of histones H2A and H3. It also inhibited the differentiation of B cells to plasma cells, decreased the transcription of positive regulatory domain-containing 1 (Prdm1) and X-box-binding protein 1 (Xbp1), and decreased the expression of phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α (p-IRE1α), XBP1, and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1). In conclusion, FK228 could decrease the production of antibodies by B cells via inhibition of the IRE1α-XBP1 signaling pathway. Thus, FK228 is considered as a promising therapeutic agent for the clinical treatment of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Guo
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Siyu Song
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoxiao DU
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongmin Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhonghua Klaus Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sheng Chang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China.
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17
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Michée-Cospolite M, Boudigou M, Grasseau A, Simon Q, Mignen O, Pers JO, Cornec D, Le Pottier L, Hillion S. Molecular Mechanisms Driving IL-10- Producing B Cells Functions: STAT3 and c-MAF as Underestimated Central Key Regulators? Front Immunol 2022; 13:818814. [PMID: 35359922 PMCID: PMC8961445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been highlighted in very different pathology settings including autoimmune diseases, allergy, graft rejection, and cancer. Improving tools for the characterization of Bregs has become the main objective especially in humans. Transitional, mature B cells and plasma cells can differentiate into IL-10 producing Bregs in both mice and humans, suggesting that Bregs are not derived from unique precursors but may arise from different competent progenitors at unrestricted development stages. Moreover, in addition to IL-10 production, regulatory B cells used a broad range of suppressing mechanisms to modulate the immune response. Although Bregs have been consistently described in the literature, only a few reports described the molecular aspects that control the acquisition of the regulatory function. In this manuscript, we detailed the latest reports describing the control of IL-10, TGFβ, and GZMB production in different Breg subsets at the molecular level. We focused on the understanding of the role of the transcription factors STAT3 and c-MAF in controlling IL-10 production in murine and human B cells and how these factors may represent an important crossroad of several key drivers of the Breg response. Finally, we provided original data supporting the evidence that MAF is expressed in human IL-10- producing plasmablast and could be induced in vitro following different stimulation cocktails. At steady state, we reported that MAF is expressed in specific human B-cell tonsillar subsets including the IgD+ CD27+ unswitched population, germinal center cells and plasmablast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Divi Cornec
- U1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Sophie Hillion
- U1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU Brest, Brest, France
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18
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Bach2: A Key Regulator in Th2-Related Immune Cells and Th2 Immune Response. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2814510. [PMID: 35313725 PMCID: PMC8934237 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2814510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Th2 immune response is essential for providing protection against pathogens and orchestrating humoral immunity. However, excessive Th2 immune response leads to the pathogenesis of Th2 inflammation diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Emerging evidence suggest a critical role of the transcription factor Bach2 in regulating Th2 immune responses. Bach2 serves as a super enhancer and transcriptional repressor to control the differentiation and maturation of Th2-related immune cells such as B cell lineages and T cell lineages. In B cells, Bach2 is required for every stage of B cell development and can delay the class switch recombination and antibody-producing plasma cell differentiation. In T cell lineages, Bach2 suppresses the CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th2 cells, restrains Th2 cytokine production, and promotes the generation and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells to balance the immune activity. Furthermore, studies in various animal models show that Bach2 knockout animals spontaneously develop Th2 inflammation in the airway and gastrointestinal tract. Genome-wide association studies have identified various susceptibility loci of Bach2 which are linked with Th2 inflammatory diseases such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we discuss the critical role of Bach2 involved in the Th2 immune response and associated inflammatory diseases.
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Saini A, Ghoneim HE, Lio CWJ, Collins PL, Oltz EM. Gene Regulatory Circuits in Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells. Annu Rev Immunol 2022; 40:387-411. [PMID: 35119910 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-025949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity and function largely rely on the programming of transcriptomes during development and differentiation. Signature gene expression programs are orchestrated by regulatory circuits consisting of cis-acting promoters and enhancers, which respond to a plethora of cues via the action of transcription factors. In turn, transcription factors direct epigenetic modifications to revise chromatin landscapes, and drive contacts between distal promoter-enhancer combinations. In immune cells, regulatory circuits for effector genes are especially complex and flexible, utilizing distinct sets of transcription factors and enhancers, depending on the cues each cell type receives during an infection, after sensing cellular damage, or upon encountering a tumor. Here, we review major players in the coordination of gene regulatory programs within innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as integrative omics approaches that can be leveraged to decipher their underlying circuitry. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 40 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Saini
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
| | - Hazem E Ghoneim
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
| | - Chan-Wang Jerry Lio
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
| | - Patrick L Collins
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
| | - Eugene M Oltz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; ,
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Klasić M, Zoldoš V. Epigenetics of Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:289-301. [PMID: 34687014 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alternative glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) affects its effector functions during the immune response. IgG glycosylation is altered in many diseases, but also during a healthy life of an individual. Currently, there is limited knowledge of factors that alter IgG glycosylation in the healthy state and factors involved in specific IgG glycosylation patterns associated with pathophysiology. Genetic background plays an important role, but epigenetic mechanisms also contribute to the alteration of IgG glycosylation patterns in healthy life and in disease. It is known that the expression of many glycosyltransferases is regulated by DNA methylation and by microRNA (miRNA) molecules, but the involvement of other epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modifications, in the regulation of glycosylation-related genes (glycogenes) is still poorly understood. Recent studies have identified several differentially methylated loci associated with IgG glycosylation, but the mechanisms involved in the formation of specific IgG glycosylation patterns remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Klasić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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21
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Zhai B, Liu X, Xu Y, Zhu G, Zhou S, He Y, Wang X, Su W, Han G, Wang R. Single-cell atlas of splenocytes reveals a critical role of a novel plasma cell‒specific marker Hspa13 in antibody class-switching recombination and somatic hypermutation. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:79-86. [PMID: 34837777 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study had shown that member 13 (Hspa13) of heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) promotes plasma cell (PC) production and antibody secretion. To further explore Hspa13 expression and function, we combined single-cell RNA-sequencing and antigen receptor lineage (BCR) analysis to characterize sheep red cell‒primed splenocytes. The single-cell transcriptional profiles revealed that Hspa13 is specifically and highly expressed in PCs. These results suggest that Hspa13 is a novel PC-specific marker. In terms of its function, we found that the CD19cre-mediated conditional knock-out (cKO) of Hspa13 reduced the expression of Ebi3 and IL-10 in PCs. Ebi3 and IL-10 are important factors in IL-4‒secreting type 2 helper T cell (Th2) activation and differentiation. As expected, we found that the Hspa13 cKO reduced IL‒4-expressing follicular helper T (Tfh2) cells. Finally, the single-cell antigen receptor analysis demonstrated that the Hspa13 cKO reduced the Aicda-mediated antibody class-switching recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) in germinal centers (GCs) B cells. Altogether, the single-cell atlas of splenocytes revealed a critical indirect role for the novel PC-specific marker Hspa13 in CSR and SHM in GC B cells by promoting Ebi3 and IL-10 expression in PCs to induce IL-4-expressing Tfh2 cells. Further exploration of Hspa13 expression and function will provide valuable clues for how to use Hspa13 in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhai
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yaqi Xu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Gaizhi Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Youdi He
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Staidson (Beijing) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Wenting Su
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Gencheng Han
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Renxi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Sumikawa MH, Iwata S, Zhang M, Miyata H, Ueno M, Todoroki Y, Nagayasu A, Kanda R, Sonomoto K, Torimoto K, Lee S, Nakayamada S, Yamamoto K, Okada Y, Tanaka Y. An enhanced mitochondrial function through glutamine metabolism in plasmablast differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:3049-3059. [PMID: 34730825 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dysfunction of B cell metabolism and its involvement in SLE pathology. METHODS We assessed the expression of metabolic markers of B cells in the peripheral blood of healthy controls (HCs) and SLE patients by using flow cytometry. In vitro, peripheral B cells were isolated from HCs and SLE patients to investigate the metabolic regulation mechanisms involved in their differentiation. RESULTS The expression level of DiOc6 (mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization) was higher in B cells from SLE patients than in HCs, and correlated to the percentage of plasmablasts in CD19+ cells and with SLEDAI, a disease activity score. Stimulation of CD19+ cells with the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) ligand CpG and IFN-α enhanced glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), DiOc6 expression, and plasmablast differentiation in vitro. In the absence of glutamine, both glycolysis and OXPHOS were reduced, and plasmablast differentiation was suppressed, whereas there was no change in the absence of glucose. As glutamine is an important nutrient for protein synthesis, we further investigated the effect of the glutaminase inhibitor BPTES, which inhibits glutamine degradation, on metabolic regulation. BPTES reduced DiOc6 expression, OXPHOS, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ATP production, plasmablast differentiation without affecting glycolysis. Metformin inhibited CpG- and IFN-α-induced glutamine uptake, mitochondrial functions and suppressed plasmablast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial dysfunction in B cells is associated with plasmablast differentiation and disease activity in SLE. Enhanced mitochondrial functions mediated by glutamine metabolism are important for plasmablast differentiation, which may be a potential therapeutic target for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Hajime Sumikawa
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shigeru Iwata
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Mingzeng Zhang
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Miyata
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masanobu Ueno
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Todoroki
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagayasu
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Kanda
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Koshiro Sonomoto
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Keiichi Torimoto
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakayamada
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Biomedical Research Support Center, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okada
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Ramirez NJ, Posadas-Cantera S, Caballero-Oteyza A, Camacho-Ordonez N, Grimbacher B. There is no gene for CVID - novel monogenetic causes for primary antibody deficiency. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:176-185. [PMID: 34153571 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
'There is no gene for fate' (citation from the movie 'GATTACA') - and there is no gene for CVID. Common Variable ImmunoDeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent primary immunodeficiency in humans. CVID is characterized by an increased susceptibility to infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, reduced switched memory B cell numbers in peripheral blood and a defective response to vaccination, often complicated by autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions. However, as soon as a genetic diagnosis has been made in a patient with CVID, the diagnosis must be changed to the respective genetic cause (www.esid.org). Therefore, there are genetic causes for primary antibody deficiencies, but not for CVID. Primary antibody deficiencies (PADs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders. Several attempts have been made to gain further insights into the pathogenesis of PAD, using unbiased approaches such as whole exome or genome sequencing. Today, in just about 35% of cases with PAD, monogenic mutations (including those in the gene TNFRSF13B) can be identified in a set of 68 genes [1•]. These mutations occur either sporadically or are inherited and do explain an often complex phenotype. In our review, we not only discuss gene defects identified in PAD patients previously diagnosed with CVID and/or CVID-like disorders such as IKZF1, CTNNBL1, TNFSF13 and BACH2, but also genetic defects which were initially described in non-CVID patients but have later also been observed in patients with PAD such as PLCG2, PIK3CG, PMS2, RNF31, KMT2D, STAT3. We also included interesting genetic defects in which the pathophysiology suggests a close relation to other known defects of the adaptive immune response, such as DEF6, SAMD9 and SAMD9L, and hence a CVID-like phenotype may be observed in the future. However, alternative mechanisms most likely add to the development of an antibody-deficient phenotype, such as polygenic origins, epigenetic changes, and/or environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neftali J Ramirez
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Integrated Research Training Group (IRTG) Medical Epigenetics, Collaborative Research Centre 992, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Posadas-Cantera
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrés Caballero-Oteyza
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; RESIST - Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadezhda Camacho-Ordonez
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; DZIF - German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany; RESIST - Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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24
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Wang M, Lei M, Chang L, Xing Y, Guo Y, Pourzand C, Bartsch JW, Chen J, Luo J, WidyaKarisma V, Nisar MF, Lei X, Zhong JL. Bach2 regulates autophagy to modulate UVA-induced photoaging in skin fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:304-316. [PMID: 33882335 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular process that can be initiated by certain stressors such as UVA irradiation. The mechanism by which skin cells protect themselves from the UVA-induced senescence has not been fully investigated. Here, we demonstrate that Bach2 modulates the extent of UVA-induced photoaging through regulation of autophagy in skin fibroblasts. In fact chronic exposure of skin fibroblasts to UVA resulted in a significant decrease in Bach2 expression, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, knockdown of Bach2 in skin fibroblasts led to an increased expression of cell senescence-related genes, which further enhanced the UVA irradiation-induced photoaging. On the other hand, the overexpression of Bach2 resulted in a decrease in the expression of cell senescence-related genes. We also demonstrate that the knockdown of Bach2 in skin fibroblasts can lead to a decreased expression of autophagy-related genes and vice versa, suggesting that autophagy is involved in Bach2-mediated regulation of senescence in skin fibroblasts. Additionally, inhibition of autophagy with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA suppressed the expression of autophagy-related proteins and promoted cell senescence. Furthermore, knockout of Atg5 or Atg7 in embryonic mouse fibroblasts led to a significant increase in the expression of cell senescence-related genes. Immunoprecipitation assays further demonstrated that Bach2 directly interacts with Beclin-1, Atg3, Atg7, and LC3 in fibroblasts. Taken together, these findings revealed a critical role for Bach2 in suppressing the UVA irradiation-induced cell senescence via autophagy in skin fibroblasts. Bach2 can therefore be a potential target for the therapy of UV-induced photoaging because of its ability to regulate the process of autophagy in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China; Guizhou Provincial College-based Key Laboratory for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Li Chang
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yang Xing
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jörg W Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jiefu Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Vega WidyaKarisma
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Julia Li Zhong
- National Innovation and Attracting Talents "111" base, Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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25
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Reiman D, Manakkat Vijay GK, Xu H, Sonin A, Chen D, Salomonis N, Singh H, Khan AA. Pseudocell Tracer-A method for inferring dynamic trajectories using scRNAseq and its application to B cells undergoing immunoglobulin class switch recombination. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008094. [PMID: 33939691 PMCID: PMC8118552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) can be used to infer a temporal ordering of cellular states. Current methods for the inference of cellular trajectories rely on unbiased dimensionality reduction techniques. However, such biologically agnostic ordering can prove difficult for modeling complex developmental or differentiation processes. The cellular heterogeneity of dynamic biological compartments can result in sparse sampling of key intermediate cell states. To overcome these limitations, we develop a supervised machine learning framework, called Pseudocell Tracer, which infers trajectories in pseudospace rather than in pseudotime. The method uses a supervised encoder, trained with adjacent biological information, to project scRNAseq data into a low-dimensional manifold that maps the transcriptional states a cell can occupy. Then a generative adversarial network (GAN) is used to simulate pesudocells at regular intervals along a virtual cell-state axis. We demonstrate the utility of Pseudocell Tracer by modeling B cells undergoing immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) during a prototypic antigen-induced antibody response. Our results revealed an ordering of key transcription factors regulating CSR to the IgG1 isotype, including the concomitant expression of Nfkb1 and Stat6 prior to the upregulation of Bach2 expression. Furthermore, the expression dynamics of genes encoding cytokine receptors suggest a poised IL-4 signaling state that preceeds CSR to the IgG1 isotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Reiman
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Godhev Kumar Manakkat Vijay
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Heping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Andrew Sonin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Dianyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translation Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Harinder Singh
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational and Systems Biology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HS); (AAK)
| | - Aly A. Khan
- University of Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HS); (AAK)
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Lee J, Park H, Lim J, Jin HS, Park Y, Jung YJ, Ko HJ, Yoon SI, Lee GS, Kim PH, Choi SS, Xiao C, Kang SG. GSK3 Restrains Germinal Center B Cells to Form Plasma Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:481-493. [PMID: 33380497 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
B cells in the germinal center (GC) are programmed to form plasma cells (PCs) or memory B cells according to signals received by receptors that are translated to carry out appropriate activities of transcription factors. However, the precise mechanism underlying this process to complete the GC reaction is unclear. In this study, we show that both genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in GC B cells of mice facilitate the cell fate decision toward PC formation, accompanied by acquisition of dark zone B cell properties. Mechanistically, under stimulation with CD40L and IL-21, GSK3 inactivation synergistically induced the transcription factors Foxo1 and c-Myc, leading to increased levels of key transcription factors required for PC differentiation, including IRF4. This GSK3-mediated alteration of transcriptional factors in turn facilitated the dark zone transition and consequent PC fate commitment. Our study thus reveals the upstream master regulator responsible for interpreting external cues in GC B cells to form PCs mediated by key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Lee
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosung Park
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seung Jin
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yoon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; .,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Lee G, Jang E, Youn J. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β Induces Post-Switched B Cells to Produce Blimp1 and Differentiate into Plasma Cells. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e42. [PMID: 33163250 PMCID: PMC7609162 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-lasting post-switched plasma cells (PCs) arise mainly from germinal center (GC) reactions, but little is known about the mechanism by which GC B cells differentiate into PCs. Based on our observation that the expression of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EPBβ) is associated with the emergence of post-switched PCs, we enquired whether a cell-autonomous function of C/EPBβ is involved in the program for PC development. To address this, we generated C/EPBβ-deficient mice in which the Cebpb locus was specifically deleted in B cells after transcription of the Ig γ1 constant gene segment (Cγ1). In response to in vitro stimulation, B cells from these Cebpbfl/flCγ1Cre/+ mice had defects in the induction of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1) and the formation of IgG1+ PCs, but not in proliferation and survival. At steady state, the Cebpbfl/flCγ1Cre/+ mice had reduced serum IgG1 titers but normal IgG2c and IgM titers. Moreover, upon immunization with T-dependent Ag, the mice produced reduced levels of Ag-specific IgG1 Ab, and were defective in the production of Ag-specific IgG1 Ab-secreting cells. These results suggest that a cell-autonomous function of C/EPBβ is crucial for differentiation of post-switched GC B cells into PCs through a Blimp1-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonhee Lee
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Eunkyeong Jang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jeehee Youn
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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Zhang M, Iwata S, Hajime M, Ohkubo N, Todoroki Y, Miyata H, Ueno M, Hao H, Zhang T, Fan J, Nakayamada S, Yamagata K, Tanaka Y. Methionine Commits Cells to Differentiate Into Plasmablasts Through Epigenetic Regulation ofBTBandCNCHomolog 2 by the MethyltransferaseEZH2. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1143-1153. [DOI: 10.1002/art.41208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzeng Zhang
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan, and Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Shigeru Iwata
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Maiko Hajime
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Naoaki Ohkubo
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Todoroki
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Hiroko Miyata
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Masanobu Ueno
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan Kitakyushu Japan
| | - He Hao
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan, and Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Tong Zhang
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Jie Fan
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Shingo Nakayamada
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamagata
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan Kitakyushu Japan
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Jang E, Kim UK, Jang K, Song YS, Cha JY, Yi H, Youn J. Bach2 deficiency leads autoreactive B cells to produce IgG autoantibodies and induce lupus through a T cell-dependent extrafollicular pathway. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-13. [PMID: 31819031 PMCID: PMC6901549 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Class-switched IgG autoantibodies but not unswitched IgM autoantibodies play a crucial role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Bach2 is known to be essential for class switch recombination of Ig genes, but recent genomic and clinical studies have suggested an association of Bach2 deficiency with SLE. This study was undertaken to examine the mechanism by which Bach2 regulates the development of SLE. Despite defects in Ig class switch recombination and germinal center formation when actively immunized, Bach2−/− mice spontaneously accumulated IgG autoantibody-secreting cells without germinal center reactions in a regulatory T cell-independent manner, and this phenomenon was accompanied by manifestations akin to SLE. Transcriptome analyses revealed that Bach2 regulated the expression of genes related to germinal center formation and SLE pathogenesis in B cells. B cell-specific deletion of Bach2 was sufficient to impair the development of germinal center B cells but insufficient to promote the production of IgG autoantibodies. Bach2 deficiency caused CD4+ T cells to overexpress Icos and differentiate into extrafollicular helper T cells in a cell-autonomous manner. These findings suggest that Bach2-deficient autoreactive B cells preferentially react at extrafollicular sites to give rise to IgG class-switched pathogenic plasma cells and that this effect requires the help of Bach2-Icoshi helper T cells. Thus, the cell-autonomous roles of Bach2 in B cells and in their cognate CD4+ T cells are required to maintain self-tolerance against SLE. Bach2, a protein that regulates gene expression, is required in the B cells and T cells of the immune system to protect against autoimmune disease. Bach2 deficiency has previously been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the mechanisms through which it contributes to the development of an immune response against healthy tissue in many parts of the body were unclear. Jeehee Youn at Hanyang University in Seoul, South Korea, and colleagues showed that B cells from mice lacking Bach2 produce self-reactive antibodies and express SLE-related genes. Furthermore, when they specifically deleted Bach2 in T cells, they found that it triggered differentiation into a type of T cell which promoted the maturation of self-reactive B cells. The authors conclude that Bach2 activity in both B cells and T cells is key to maintaining immune self-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyeong Jang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Un Kyo Kim
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Kiseok Jang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Young Soo Song
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Korea
| | - Hansol Yi
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Jeehee Youn
- Laboratory of Autoimmunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
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Josipović G, Tadić V, Klasić M, Zanki V, Bečeheli I, Chung F, Ghantous A, Keser T, Madunić J, Bošković M, Lauc G, Herceg Z, Vojta A, Zoldoš V. Antagonistic and synergistic epigenetic modulation using orthologous CRISPR/dCas9-based modular system. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9637-9657. [PMID: 31410472 PMCID: PMC6765142 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing causal relationship between epigenetic marks and gene transcription requires molecular tools, which can precisely modify specific genomic regions. Here, we present a modular and extensible CRISPR/dCas9-based toolbox for epigenetic editing and direct gene regulation. It features a system for expression of orthogonal dCas9 proteins fused to various effector domains and includes a multi-gRNA system for simultaneous targeting dCas9 orthologs to up to six loci. The C- and N-terminal dCas9 fusions with DNMT3A and TET1 catalytic domains were thoroughly characterized. We demonstrated simultaneous use of the DNMT3A-dSpCas9 and TET1-dSaCas9 fusions within the same cells and showed that imposed cytosine hyper- and hypo-methylation altered level of gene transcription if targeted CpG sites were functionally relevant. Dual epigenetic manipulation of the HNF1A and MGAT3 genes, involved in protein N-glycosylation, resulted in change of the glycan phenotype in BG1 cells. Furthermore, simultaneous targeting of the TET1-dSaCas9 and VPR-dSpCas9 fusions to the HNF1A regulatory region revealed strong and persistent synergistic effect on gene transcription, up to 30 days following cell transfection, suggesting involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in maintenance of the reactivated state. Also, modulation of dCas9 expression effectively reduced off-target effects while maintaining the desired effects on target regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Josipović
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanja Tadić
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Klasić
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Zanki
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivona Bečeheli
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Felicia Chung
- Epigenetics group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, France
| | - Akram Ghantous
- Epigenetics group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, France
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Madunić
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maria Bošković
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borogajska cesta 83 h, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, France
| | - Aleksandar Vojta
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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31
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Cepika AM, Sato Y, Liu JMH, Uyeda MJ, Bacchetta R, Roncarolo MG. Tregopathies: Monogenic diseases resulting in regulatory T-cell deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 142:1679-1695. [PMID: 30527062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic diseases of the immune system, also known as inborn errors of immunity, are caused by single-gene mutations resulting in immune deficiency and dysregulation. More than 350 diseases have been described to date, and the number is rapidly expanding, with increasing availability of next-generation sequencing facilitating the diagnosis. The spectrum of immune dysregulation is wide, encompassing deficiencies in humoral, cellular, innate, and adaptive immunity; phagocytosis; and the complement system, which lead to autoinflammation and autoimmunity. Multiorgan autoimmunity is a dominant symptom when genetic mutations lead to defects in molecules essential for the development, survival, and/or function of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Studies of "Tregopathies" are providing critical mechanistic information on Treg cell biology, the role of Treg cell-associated molecules, and regulation of peripheral tolerance in human subjects. The pathogenic immune networks underlying these diseases need to be dissected to apply and develop immunomodulatory treatments and design curative treatments using cell and gene therapy. Here we review the pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and current and future treatments of major known Tregopathies caused by mutations in FOXP3, CD25, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), LPS-responsive and beige-like anchor protein (LRBA), and BTB domain and CNC homolog 2 (BACH2) and gain-of-function mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). We also discuss deficiencies in genes encoding STAT5b and IL-10 or IL-10 receptor as potential Tregopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma-Martina Cepika
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Yohei Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Jeffrey Mao-Hwa Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Molly Javier Uyeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Rosa Bacchetta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
| | - Maria Grazia Roncarolo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
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32
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Nguyen DC, Joyner CJ, Sanz I, Lee FEH. Factors Affecting Early Antibody Secreting Cell Maturation Into Long-Lived Plasma Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2138. [PMID: 31572364 PMCID: PMC6749102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody secreting cells (ASCs) are terminally differentiated cells of the humoral immune response and must adapt morphologically, transcriptionally, and metabolically to maintain high-rates of antibody (Ab) secretion. ASCs differentiate from activated B cells in lymph nodes and transiently circulate in the blood. Most of the circulating ASCs undergo apoptosis, but a small fraction of early ASCs migrate to the bone marrow (BM) and eventually mature into long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs). LLPC survival is controlled both intrinsically and extrinsically. Their differentiation and maintenance programs are governed by many intrinsic mechanisms involving anti-apoptosis, autophagy, and metabolism. The extrinsic factors involved in LLPC generation include BM stromal cells, cytokines, and chemokines, such as APRIL, IL-6, and CXCL12. In humans, the BM CD19−CD38hiCD138+ ASC subset is the main repository of LLPCs, and our recent development of an in vitro BM mimic provides essential tools to study environmental cues that support LLPC survival and the critical molecular mechanisms of maturation from early minted blood ASCs to LLPCs. In this review, we summarize the evidence of LLPC generation and maintenance and provide novel paradigms of LLPC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C Nguyen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chester J Joyner
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Iñaki Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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33
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Yamashita M, Kuwahara M. The critical role of Bach2 in regulating type 2 chronic airway inflammation. Int Immunol 2019. [PMID: 29529253 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Bach2 (broad complex-tramtrack-bric a brac and Cap'n'collar homology 2) plays an important role in regulating Th2 cell differentiation and type 2 immune responses, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Our current studies demonstrate that Bach2 associates with Batf (basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like) family transcription factors and binds to the regulatory regions of the Th2 cytokine gene loci. The Bach2-Batf complex antagonizes the recruitment of the interferon regulatory factor 4 (Irf4)-containing Batf complex to activator protein 1 (AP-1) motifs in the Th2 cytokine gene locus and suppresses Th2 cytokine production and/or Th2 cell differentiation. The deletion of Batf ameliorated the spontaneous development of type 2 airway inflammation that is found in mice with Bach2 deficiency specifically in T cells. Interestingly, Bach2 regulates Batf and Batf3 expression via two distinct pathways. First, the Bach2-Batf complex directly binds to the Batf and Batf3 gene loci and reduces transcription by interfering with the Batf-Irf4 complex. Second, Bach2 suppresses interleukin 4 (IL-4)-induced augmentation of Batf and Batf3 expression through the regulation of IL-4 production. These findings suggest that IL-4 and Batf family transcription factors form a positive feedback amplification loop to induce Th2 cell differentiation and that Bach2-Batf interactions block the formation of this amplification loop. Furthermore, we found that reductions in Bach2 confer an innate immunological function on CD4 T cells to induce antigen-independent cytokine production. Some Bach2-deficient lung CD4 T cells showed characteristic features similar to pathogenic Th2 cells, including IL-33 receptor expression and IL-33-dependent Th2 cytokine production. These results suggest a critical role for Bach2 in regulating Th2 cell differentiation and the subsequent onset of chronic type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Yamashita
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Division of Immune Regulation, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Division of Immune Regulation, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon City, Ehime, Japan
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34
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activates NKL homeobox gene HLX in DLBCL. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216898. [PMID: 31141539 PMCID: PMC6541347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NKL homeobox genes encode developmental transcription factors regulating basic processes in cell differentiation. According to their physiological expression pattern in early hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis, particular members of this homeobox gene subclass constitute an NKL-code. B-cell specific NKL-code genes generate a regulatory network and their deregulation is implicated in B-cell lymphomagenesis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects B-cells and influences the activity of signalling pathways including JAK/STAT and several genes encoding developmental regulators. Therefore, EBV-infection impacts the pathogenesis and the outcome of B-cell malignancies including Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, we isolated EBV-positive and EBV-negative subclones from the DLBCL derived cell line DOHH-2. These subclones served as models to investigate the role of EBV in deregulation of the B-cell specific NKL-code members HHEX, HLX, MSX1 and NKX6-3. We showed that the EBV-encoded factors LMP1 and LMP2A activated the expression of HLX via STAT3. HLX in turn repressed NKX6-3, SPIB and IL4R which normally mediate plasma cell differentiation. In addition, HLX repressed the pro-apoptotic factor BCL2L11/BIM and hence supported cell survival. Thus, EBV aberrantly activated HLX in DLBCL, thereby disturbing both B-cell differentiation and apoptosis. The results of our study appreciate the pathogenic role of EBV in NKL homeobox gene deregulation and B-cell malignancies.
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35
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Stone SL, Peel JN, Scharer CD, Risley CA, Chisolm DA, Schultz MD, Yu B, Ballesteros-Tato A, Wojciechowski W, Mousseau B, Misra RS, Hanidu A, Jiang H, Qi Z, Boss JM, Randall TD, Brodeur SR, Goldrath AW, Weinmann AS, Rosenberg AF, Lund FE. T-bet Transcription Factor Promotes Antibody-Secreting Cell Differentiation by Limiting the Inflammatory Effects of IFN-γ on B Cells. Immunity 2019; 50:1172-1187.e7. [PMID: 31076359 PMCID: PMC6929688 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although viral infections elicit robust interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and long-lived antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses, the roles for IFN-γ and IFN-γ-induced transcription factors (TFs) in ASC development are unclear. We showed that B cell intrinsic expression of IFN-γR and the IFN-γ-induced TF T-bet were required for T-helper 1 cell-induced differentiation of B cells into ASCs. IFN-γR signaling induced Blimp1 expression in B cells but also initiated an inflammatory gene program that, if not restrained, prevented ASC formation. T-bet did not affect Blimp1 upregulation in IFN-γ-activated B cells but instead regulated chromatin accessibility within the Ifng and Ifngr2 loci and repressed the IFN-γ-induced inflammatory gene program. Consistent with this, B cell intrinsic T-bet was required for formation of long-lived ASCs and secondary ASCs following viral, but not nematode, infection. Therefore, T-bet facilitates differentiation of IFN-γ-activated inflammatory effector B cells into ASCs in the setting of IFN-γ-, but not IL-4-, induced inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Stone
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jessica N Peel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Christopher A Risley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Danielle A Chisolm
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michael D Schultz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Bingfei Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Wojciech Wojciechowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Betty Mousseau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ravi S Misra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Adedayo Hanidu
- Boerhinger Ingelheim Pharmaceutical Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Huiping Jiang
- Boerhinger Ingelheim Pharmaceutical Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Zhenhao Qi
- Boerhinger Ingelheim Pharmaceutical Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Scott R Brodeur
- Boerhinger Ingelheim Pharmaceutical Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Ananda W Goldrath
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amy S Weinmann
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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36
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Yoshino T, Takata K, Tanaka T, Sato Y, Tari A, Okada H. Recent progress in follicular lymphoma in Japan and characteristics of the duodenal type. Pathol Int 2018; 68:665-676. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Okayama Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Pathology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Okayama Japan
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Okayama Japan
| | - Yasuharu Sato
- Division of Pathophysiology; Okayama University Graduate School of Health Science; Okayama Japan
| | - Akira Tari
- Division of Gastroenterology; Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-bomb Survivor Hospital; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Okayama Japan
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37
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Anderson EM, Maldarelli F. The role of integration and clonal expansion in HIV infection: live long and prosper. Retrovirology 2018; 15:71. [PMID: 30352600 PMCID: PMC6199739 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-018-0448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integration of viral DNA into the host genome is a central event in the replication cycle and the pathogenesis of retroviruses, including HIV. Although most cells infected with HIV are rapidly eliminated in vivo, HIV also infects long-lived cells that persist during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Cells with replication competent HIV proviruses form a reservoir that persists despite cART and such reservoirs are at the center of efforts to eradicate or control infection without cART. The mechanisms of persistence of these chronically infected long-lived cells is uncertain, but recent research has demonstrated that the presence of the HIV provirus has enduring effects on infected cells. Cells with integrated proviruses may persist for many years, undergo clonal expansion, and produce replication competent HIV. Even proviruses with defective genomes can produce HIV RNA and may contribute to ongoing HIV pathogenesis. New analyses of HIV infected cells suggest that over time on cART, there is a shift in the composition of the population of HIV infected cells, with the infected cells that persist over prolonged periods having proviruses integrated in genes associated with regulation of cell growth. In several cases, strong evidence indicates the presence of the provirus in specific genes may determine persistence, proliferation, or both. These data have raised the intriguing possibility that after cART is introduced, a selection process enriches for cells with proviruses integrated in genes associated with cell growth regulation. The dynamic nature of populations of cells infected with HIV during cART is not well understood, but is likely to have a profound influence on the composition of the HIV reservoir with critical consequences for HIV eradication and control strategies. As such, integration studies will shed light on understanding viral persistence and inform eradication and control strategies. Here we review the process of HIV integration, the role that integration plays in persistence, clonal expansion of the HIV reservoir, and highlight current challenges and outstanding questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Maldarelli
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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38
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Tellier J, Nutt SL. Plasma cells: The programming of an antibody‐secreting machine. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:30-37. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Tellier
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Victoria Australia
- Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville Victoria Australia
- Department of Medical Biology University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
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Promoter methylation of the MGAT3 and BACH2 genes correlates with the composition of the immunoglobulin G glycome in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:75. [PMID: 29991969 PMCID: PMC5987481 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many genome- and epigenome-wide association studies (GWAS and EWAS) and studies of promoter methylation of candidate genes for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have demonstrated significant associations between genetic and epigenetic changes and IBD. Independent GWA studies have identified genetic variants in the BACH2, IL6ST, LAMB1, IKZF1, and MGAT3 loci to be associated with both IBD and immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation. Methods Using bisulfite pyrosequencing, we analyzed CpG methylation in promoter regions of these five genes from peripheral blood of several hundred IBD patients and healthy controls (HCs) from two independent cohorts, respectively. Results We found significant differences in the methylation levels in the MGAT3 and BACH2 genes between both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis when compared to HC. The same pattern of methylation changes was identified for both genes in CD19+ B cells isolated from the whole blood of a subset of the IBD patients. A correlation analysis was performed between the MGAT3 and BACH2 promoter methylation and individual IgG glycans, measured in the same individuals of the two large cohorts. MGAT3 promoter methylation correlated significantly with galactosylation, sialylation, and bisecting GlcNAc on IgG of the same patients, suggesting that activity of the GnT-III enzyme, encoded by this gene, might be altered in IBD. The correlations between the BACH2 promoter methylation and IgG glycans were less obvious, since BACH2 is not a glycosyltransferase and therefore may affect IgG glycosylation only indirectly. Conclusions Our results suggest that epigenetic deregulation of key glycosylation genes might lead to an increase in pro-inflammatory properties of IgG in IBD through a decrease in galactosylation and sialylation and an increase of bisecting GlcNAc on digalactosylated glycan structures. Finally, we showed that CpG methylation in the promoter of the MGAT3 gene is altered in CD3+ T cells isolated from inflamed mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis from a third smaller cohort, for which biopsies were available, suggesting a functional role of this glyco-gene in IBD pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0507-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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40
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Race-related differences in antibody responses to the inactivated influenza vaccine are linked to distinct pre-vaccination gene expression profiles in blood. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62898-62911. [PMID: 27588486 PMCID: PMC5325335 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a 5-year study analyzing antibody and B cell responses to the influenza A virus components of the inactivated influenza vaccine, trivalent (IIV3) or quadrivalent (IIV4) in younger (aged 35-45) and aged (≥65 years of age) Caucasian and African American individuals. Antibody titers to the two influenza A virus strains, distribution of circulating B cell subsets and the blood transcriptome were tested at baseline and after vaccination while expression of immunoregulatory markers on B cells were analyzed at baseline. African Americans mounted higher virus neutralizing and IgG antibody responses to the H1N1 component of IIV3 or 4 compared to Caucasians. African Americans had higher levels of circulating B cell subsets compared to Caucasians. Expression of two co-regulators, i.e., programmed death (PD)-1 and the B and T cell attenuator (BTLA) were differentially expressed in the two cohorts. Race-related differences were caused by samples from younger African Americans, while results obtained with samples of aged African Americans were similar to those of aged Caucasians. Gene expression profiling by Illumina arrays revealed highly significant differences in 1368 probes at baseline between Caucasians and African Americans although samples from both cohorts showed comparable changes in transcriptome following vaccination. Genes differently expressed between samples from African Americans and Caucasians regardless of age were enriched for myeloid genes, while the transcripts that differed in expression between younger African Americans and younger Caucasians were enriched for those specific for B-cells.
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41
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Regulation of Humoral Immunity by CD1d-Restricted Natural Killer T Cells. Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809819-6.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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42
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Age-related changes in the transcriptome of antibody-secreting cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13340-53. [PMID: 26967249 PMCID: PMC4924646 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed age-related defects in B cell populations from young and aged mice. Microarray analysis of bone marrow resident antibody secreting cells (ASCs) showed significant changes upon aging, affecting multiple genes, pathways and functions including those that play a role in immune regulation, humoral immune responses, chromatin structure and assembly, cell metabolism and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Further analysis showed upon aging defects in energy production through glucose catabolism with reduced oxidative phosphorylation. In addition aged B cells had increased levels of reactive oxygen-species (ROS), which was linked to enhanced expression of the co-inhibitor programmed cell death (PD)-1.
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43
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Hipp N, Symington H, Pastoret C, Caron G, Monvoisin C, Tarte K, Fest T, Delaloy C. IL-2 imprints human naive B cell fate towards plasma cell through ERK/ELK1-mediated BACH2 repression. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1443. [PMID: 29129929 PMCID: PMC5682283 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cell differentiation is a tightly regulated process that requires appropriate T cell helps to reach the induction threshold. To further understand mechanisms by which T cell inputs regulate B cell fate decision, we investigate the minimal IL-2 stimulation for triggering human plasma cell differentiation in vitro. Here we show that the timed repression of BACH2 through IL-2-mediated ERK/ELK1 signalling pathway directs plasma cell lineage commitment. Enforced BACH2 repression in activated B cells unlocks the plasma cell transcriptional program and induces their differentiation into immunoglobulin M-secreting cells. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq results further identify BACH2 target genes involved in this process. An active regulatory region within the BACH2 super-enhancer, under ELK1 control and differentially regulated upon B-cell activation and cellular divisions, helps integrate IL-2 signal. Our study thus provides insights into the temporal regulation of BACH2 and its targets for controlling the differentiation of human naive B cells. T cells help B cells to differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells. Here the authors show that T cells produce interleukin-2 to activate ERK/ELK1 and suppress BACH2 expression by modulating the BACH2 super-enhancer, thereby altering BACH2 downstream transcription programs for plasma cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hipp
- UMR U1236, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) de Bretagne, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Labex IGO, 2 Av du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
| | - Hannah Symington
- UMR U1236, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) de Bretagne, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Labex IGO, 2 Av du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
| | - Cédric Pastoret
- UMR U1236, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) de Bretagne, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Labex IGO, 2 Av du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rennes, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes Cedex 9, France
| | - Gersende Caron
- UMR U1236, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) de Bretagne, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Labex IGO, 2 Av du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rennes, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes Cedex 9, France
| | - Céline Monvoisin
- UMR U1236, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) de Bretagne, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Labex IGO, 2 Av du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- UMR U1236, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) de Bretagne, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Labex IGO, 2 Av du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Thérapie Cellulaire et Hématopoïèse (ITeCH), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rennes, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes Cedex 9, France
| | - Thierry Fest
- UMR U1236, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) de Bretagne, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Labex IGO, 2 Av du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France. .,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rennes, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes Cedex 9, France.
| | - Céline Delaloy
- UMR U1236, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) de Bretagne, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Labex IGO, 2 Av du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France.
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Environmental sensing by mature B cells is controlled by the transcription factors PU.1 and SpiB. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1426. [PMID: 29127283 PMCID: PMC5681560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity requires B cells to respond to multiple stimuli, including antigen, membrane and soluble ligands, and microbial products. Ets family transcription factors regulate many aspects of haematopoiesis, although their functions in humoral immunity are difficult to decipher as a result of redundancy between the family members. Here we show that mice lacking both PU.1 and SpiB in mature B cells do not generate germinal centers and high-affinity antibody after protein immunization. PU.1 and SpiB double-deficient B cells have a survival defect after engagement of CD40 or Toll-like receptors (TLR), despite paradoxically enhanced plasma cell differentiation. PU.1 and SpiB regulate the expression of many components of the B cell receptor signaling pathway and the receptors for CD40L, BAFF and TLR ligands. Thus, PU.1 and SpiB enable B cells to appropriately respond to environmental cues.
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45
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Long-term humoral immunity induced by CVC1302-adjuvanted serotype O foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine correlates with promoted T follicular helper cells and thus germinal center responses in mice. Vaccine 2017; 35:7088-7094. [PMID: 29129452 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-lasting humoral immunity is one of the necessary criteria for a successful vaccine. In our previous study, it was demonstrated that the immunopotentiator CVC1302 could improve the humoral immunity induced by the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) killed vaccine (KV) with only one dose. Significantly higher FMDV-specific antibody titers and more persistent antibody responses were observed in pigs receiving CVC1302-adjuvanted KV (KV-CVC1302) than in those inoculated with KV alone. In this study, we show that CVC1302 enhances murine IgG responses to FMDV by promoting a potent T follicular helper cell (TFH) response, which directly controls the magnitude of the germinal center (GC) B cell response. These results indicate a need for studies to assess the capacity of CVC1302 to enhance the efficacy of FMDV KV immunization in pigs, and provide new insights into the development of FMDV vaccines.
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46
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Ebina-Shibuya R, Matsumoto M, Kuwahara M, Jang KJ, Sugai M, Ito Y, Funayama R, Nakayama K, Sato Y, Ishii N, Okamura Y, Kinoshita K, Kometani K, Kurosaki T, Muto A, Ichinose M, Yamashita M, Igarashi K. Inflammatory responses induce an identity crisis of alveolar macrophages, leading to pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18098-18112. [PMID: 28916727 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.808535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a severe respiratory disease characterized by dyspnea caused by accumulation of surfactant protein. Dysfunction of alveolar macrophages (AMs), which regulate the homeostasis of surfactant protein, leads to the development of PAP; for example, in mice lacking BTB and CNC homology 2 (Bach2). However, how Bach2 helps prevent PAP is unknown, and the cell-specific effects of Bach2 are undefined. Using mice lacking Bach2 in specific cell types, we found that the PAP phenotype of Bach2-deficient mice is due to Bach2 deficiency in more than two types of immune cells. Depletion of hyperactivated T cells in Bach2-deficient mice restored normal function of AMs and ameliorated PAP. We also found that, in Bach2-deficient mice, hyperactivated T cells induced gene expression patterns that are specific to other tissue-resident macrophages and dendritic cells. Moreover, Bach2-deficient AMs exhibited a reduction in cell cycle progression. IFN-γ released from T cells induced Bach2 expression in AMs, in which Bach2 then bound to regulatory regions of inflammation-associated genes in myeloid cells. Of note, in AMs, Bach2 restricted aberrant responses to excessive T cell-induced inflammation, whereas, in T cells, Bach2 puts a brake on T cell activation. Moreover, Bach2 stimulated the expression of multiple histone genes in AMs, suggesting a role of Bach2 in proper histone expression. We conclude that Bach2 is critical for the maintenance of AM identity and self-renewal in inflammatory environments. Treatments targeting T cells may offer new therapeutic strategies for managing secondary PAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Ebina-Shibuya
- From the Department of Biochemistry.,the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Matsumoto
- From the Department of Biochemistry.,Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kyoung-Jin Jang
- the Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Yoshidakonoe-machi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,the Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Matsuokashimoaizuki 23-3, Yoshida-gun Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 980-1193, Japan
| | - Manabu Sugai
- the Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Yoshidakonoe-machi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,the Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformative Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Matsuokashimoaizuki 23-3, Yoshida-gun Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 980-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- the Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Department of Cell Proliferation, United Center for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine.,Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Department of Cell Proliferation, United Center for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine.,Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasunobu Okamura
- the Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3-09, Aramaki, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- the Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3-09, Aramaki, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kohei Kometani
- the RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Yokohama Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan, and
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- the RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Yokohama Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan, and.,the WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Masakazu Ichinose
- the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 1-1, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yamashita
- the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- From the Department of Biochemistry, .,Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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Richer MJ, Lang ML, Butler NS. T Cell Fates Zipped Up: How the Bach2 Basic Leucine Zipper Transcriptional Repressor Directs T Cell Differentiation and Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 197:1009-15. [PMID: 27496973 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent data illustrate a key role for the transcriptional regulator bric-a-brac, tramtrack, and broad complex and cap'n'collar homology (Bach)2 in orchestrating T cell differentiation and function. Although Bach2 has a well-described role in B cell differentiation, emerging data show that Bach2 is a prototypical member of a novel class of transcription factors that regulates transcriptional activity in T cells at super-enhancers, or regions of high transcriptional activity. Accumulating data demonstrate specific roles for Bach2 in favoring regulatory T cell generation, restraining effector T cell differentiation, and potentiating memory T cell development. Evidence suggests that Bach2 regulates various facets of T cell function by repressing other key transcriptional regulators such as B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1. In this review, we examine our present understanding of the role of Bach2 in T cell function and highlight the growing evidence that this transcriptional repressor functions as a key regulator involved in maintenance of T cell quiescence, T cell subset differentiation, and memory T cell generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Richer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada; Microbiome and Disease Tolerance Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - Mark L Lang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and Graduate Program in Biosciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Noah S Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and Graduate Program in Biosciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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48
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Meinzinger J, Jäck HM, Pracht K. miRNA meets plasma cells "How tiny RNAs control antibody responses". Clin Immunol 2017; 186:3-8. [PMID: 28736279 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We review the importance of small non-coding microRNAs for the generation of germinal center B cells and their differentiation in antibody-secreting plasma cells. In the last part, we briefly elucidate the role of microRNAs in some plasma cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Meinzinger
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of MolecularMedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of MolecularMedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of MolecularMedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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49
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Afzali B, Grönholm J, Vandrovcova J, O’Brien C, Sun HW, Vanderleyden I, Davis FP, Khoder A, Zhang Y, Hegazy AN, Villarino AV, Palmer IW, Kaufman J, Watts NR, Kazemian M, Kamenyeva O, Keith J, Sayed A, Kasperaviciute D, Mueller M, Hughes JD, Fuss IJ, Sadiyah MF, Montgomery-Recht K, McElwee J, Restifo NP, Strober W, Linterman MA, Wingfield PT, Uhlig HH, Roychoudhuri R, Aitman TJ, Kelleher P, Lenardo MJ, O’Shea JJ, Cooper N, Laurence ADJ. BACH2 immunodeficiency illustrates an association between super-enhancers and haploinsufficiency. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:813-823. [PMID: 28530713 PMCID: PMC5593426 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional programs that guide lymphocyte differentiation depend on the precise expression and timing of transcription factors (TFs). The TF BACH2 is essential for T and B lymphocytes and is associated with an archetypal super-enhancer (SE). Single-nucleotide variants in the BACH2 locus are associated with several autoimmune diseases, but BACH2 mutations that cause Mendelian monogenic primary immunodeficiency have not previously been identified. Here we describe a syndrome of BACH2-related immunodeficiency and autoimmunity (BRIDA) that results from BACH2 haploinsufficiency. Affected subjects had lymphocyte-maturation defects that caused immunoglobulin deficiency and intestinal inflammation. The mutations disrupted protein stability by interfering with homodimerization or by causing aggregation. We observed analogous lymphocyte defects in Bach2-heterozygous mice. More generally, we observed that genes that cause monogenic haploinsufficient diseases were substantially enriched for TFs and SE architecture. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized feature of SE architecture in Mendelian diseases of immunity: heterozygous mutations in SE-regulated genes identified by whole-exome/genome sequencing may have greater significance than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behdad Afzali
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King’s College London, UK
| | - Juha Grönholm
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, Biological Imaging Section (Research Technologies Branch) and Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ine Vanderleyden
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fred P Davis
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahmad Khoder
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Yu Zhang
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, Biological Imaging Section (Research Technologies Branch) and Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ahmed N Hegazy
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Alejandro V Villarino
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ira W Palmer
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Kaufman
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Norman R Watts
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, Biological Imaging Section (Research Technologies Branch) and Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Julia Keith
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Anwar Sayed
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Michael Mueller
- Imperial BRC Genomics Facility Hammersmith hospital, Du Cane road, London, UK
| | - Jason D. Hughes
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan J. Fuss
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, Biological Imaging Section (Research Technologies Branch) and Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Mohammed F Sadiyah
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kim Montgomery-Recht
- Clinical Research Directorate/CMRP, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., NCI at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joshua McElwee
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Warren Strober
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, Biological Imaging Section (Research Technologies Branch) and Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul T Wingfield
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Rahul Roychoudhuri
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy J. Aitman
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Michael J Lenardo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, Biological Imaging Section (Research Technologies Branch) and Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - John J O’Shea
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Arian DJ Laurence
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Haematology Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman road, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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50
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Noujima-Harada M, Takata K, Miyata-Takata T, Sakurai H, Igarashi K, Ito E, Nagakita K, Taniguchi K, Ohnishi N, Omote S, Tabata T, Sato Y, Yoshino T. Frequent downregulation of BTB and CNC homology 2 expression in Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1071-1079. [PMID: 28256087 PMCID: PMC5448608 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common B‐cell lymphoma subtype, and the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive subtype of DLBCL is known to show a more aggressive clinical behavior than the EBV‐negative one. BTB and CNC homology 2 (BACH2) has been highlighted as a tumor suppressor in hematopoietic malignancies; however, the role of BACH2 in EBV‐positive DLBCL is unclear. In the present study, BACH2 expression and its significance were studied in 23 EBV‐positive and 43 EBV‐negative patient samples. Immunohistochemistry revealed BACH2 downregulation in EBV‐positive cases (P < 0.0001), although biallelic deletion of BACH2 was not detected by FISH. Next, we analyzed the contribution of BACH2 negativity to aggressiveness in EBV‐positive B‐cell lymphomas using FL‐18 (EBV‐negative) and FL‐18‐EB cells (FL‐18 sister cell line, EBV‐positive). In BACH2‐transfected FL‐18‐EB cells, downregulation of phosphorylated transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1 (pTAK1) and suppression in p65 nuclear fractions were observed by Western blot analysis contrary to non‐transfected FL‐18‐EB cells. In patient samples, pTAK1 expression and significant nuclear p65, p50, and p52 localization were detected immunohistochemically in BACH2‐negative DLBCL (P < 0.0001, P = 0.006, and P = 0.001, respectively), suggesting that BACH2 downregulation contributes to constitutive activation of the nuclear factor‐κB pathway through TAK1 phosphorylation in BACH2‐negative DLBCL (most EBV‐positive cases). Although further molecular and pathological studies are warranted to clarify the detailed mechanisms, downregulation of BACH2 may contribute to constitutive activation of the nuclear factor‐κB pathway through TAK1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Noujima-Harada
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Miyata-Takata
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama University, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Keina Nagakita
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kohei Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohnishi
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shizuma Omote
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tabata
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Sato
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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