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Yu Y, Lv J, Ma D, Han Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wang Z. Microglial ApoD-induced NLRC4 inflammasome activation promotes Alzheimer's disease progression. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38520135 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective therapies. It is well known that chronic neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the onset and progression of AD. Well-balanced neuronal-microglial interactions are essential for brain functions. However, determining the role of microglia-the primary immune cells in the brain-in neuroinflammation in AD and the associated molecular basis has been challenging. METHODS Inflammatory factors in the sera of AD patients were detected and their association with microglia activation was analyzed. The mechanism for microglial inflammation was investigated. IL6 and TNF-α were found to be significantly increased in the AD stage. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that microglia were extensively activated in AD cerebra, releasing sufficient amounts of cytokines to impair the neural stem cells (NSCs) function. Moreover, the ApoD-induced NLRC4 inflammasome was activated in microglia, which gave rise to the proinflammatory phenotype. Targeting the microglial ApoD promoted NSC self-renewal and inhibited neuron apoptosis. These findings demonstrate the critical role of ApoD in microglial inflammasome activation, and for the first time reveal that microglia-induced inflammation suppresses neuronal proliferation. CONCLUSION Our studies establish the cellular basis for microglia activation in AD progression and shed light on cellular interactions important for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaliang Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhou Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Ya Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Yaheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Shanlong Wang
- Clinical Lab, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
| | - Zhitao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. China
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Matsuda Y, Yamauchi H, Hara H. Activation of inflammasomes and mechanisms for intracellular recognition of Listeria monocytogenes. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:429-437. [PMID: 37461376 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The high mortality rate associated with Listeria monocytogenes can be attributed to its ability to invade the body systemically and to activate inflammasomes. Both of these processes are facilitated by expressing a major virulence factor known as listeriolysin O, a 56 kDa pore-forming protein encoded by the hly gene. Listeriolysin O plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the bacterium by facilitating the escape of the pathogen from the phagosome into the cytosol. This process is essential for the successful establishment of infection. In addition, listeriolysin O is known as an immunomodulator that activates host signal transduction. In addition to listeriolysin O, Listeria expresses a variety of bacterial ligands, such as lipoteichoic acid, nucleotide, and flagellin, that are recognized by host intracellular pattern-recognition receptors including Nod-like receptors, AIM2-like receptors, and RIG-I-like receptors. This review introduces intracellular recognition of Listeria monocytogenes since recent studies have revealed that the activation of inflammasome exacerbates Gram-positive bacteria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Matsuda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Microbiology and Immunochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Yamauchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Microbiology and Immunochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Hara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Microbiology and Immunochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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3
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Zaongo SD, Ouyang J, Isnard S, Zhou X, Harypursat V, Cui H, Routy JP, Chen Y. Candida albicans can foster gut dysbiosis and systemic inflammation during HIV infection. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2167171. [PMID: 36722096 PMCID: PMC9897780 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2167171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a ubiquitous fungal commensal component of the human microbiota, and under certain circumstances, such as during an immunocompromised state, it may initiate different types of infection. Moreover, C. albicans continuously and reciprocally interacts with the host immune system as well as with other elements of the gut microbiota, thus contributing significantly to both gut homeostasis and host immunity. People living with HIV (PLWH), including those receiving antiretroviral therapy, are characterized by a depletion of CD4 + T-cells and dysbiosis in their gut. C. albicans colonization is frequent in PLWH, causing both a high prevalence and high morbidity. Gut barrier damage and elevated levels of microbial translocation are also fairly common in this population. Herein, we take a closer look at the reciprocity among C. albicans, gut microbiota, HIV, and the host immune system, thus throwing some light on this complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvere D Zaongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China,Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada,Canadian HIV Trials Network, Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xin Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada,Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China,Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China,CONTACT Yaokai Chen Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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4
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Bencze D, Fekete T, Pfliegler W, Szöőr Á, Csoma E, Szántó A, Tarr T, Bácsi A, Kemény L, Veréb Z, Pázmándi K. Interactions between the NLRP3-Dependent IL-1β and the Type I Interferon Pathways in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012154. [PMID: 36293012 PMCID: PMC9602791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, a reciprocal antagonistic interaction exists between the antiviral type I interferon (IFN) and the antibacterial nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-dependent IL-1β pathways that can significantly shape immune responses. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), as professional type I IFN-producing cells, are the major coordinators of antiviral immunity; however, their NLRP3-dependent IL-1β secretory pathway is poorly studied. Our aim was to determine the functional activity of the IL-1β pathway and its possible interaction with the type I IFN pathway in pDCs. We found that potent nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inducers promote higher levels of pro-IL-1β during priming compared to those activation signals, which mainly trigger interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-mediated type I IFN production. The generation of cleaved IL-1β requires certain secondary signals in pDCs and IFN-α or type I IFN-inducing viruses inhibit IL-1β production of pDCs, presumably by promoting the expression of various NLRP3 pathway inhibitors. In line with that, we detected significantly lower IL-1β production in pDCs of psoriasis patients with elevated IFN-α levels. Collectively, our results show that the NLRP3-dependent IL-1β secretory pathway is inducible in pDCs; however, it may only prevail under inflammatory conditions, in which the type I IFN pathway is not dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Bencze
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Fekete
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Walter Pfliegler
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Árpád Szöőr
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Csoma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Antónia Szántó
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Tarr
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kitti Pázmándi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-52-417-159
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5
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Sharma J, Mudalagiriyappa S, Nanjappa SG. T cell responses to control fungal infection in an immunological memory lens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905867. [PMID: 36177012 PMCID: PMC9513067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, fungal vaccine research emanated significant findings in the field of antifungal T-cell immunity. The generation of effector T cells is essential to combat many mucosal and systemic fungal infections. The development of antifungal memory T cells is integral for controlling or preventing fungal infections, and understanding the factors, regulators, and modifiers that dictate the generation of such T cells is necessary. Despite the deficiency in the clear understanding of antifungal memory T-cell longevity and attributes, in this review, we will compile some of the existing literature on antifungal T-cell immunity in the context of memory T-cell development against fungal infections.
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Abstract
Invasive fungal diseases are rare in individuals with intact immunity. This, together with the fact that there are only a few species that account for most mycotic diseases, implies a remarkable natural resistance to pathogenic fungi. Mammalian immunity to fungi rests on two pillars, powerful immune mechanisms and elevated temperatures that create a thermal restriction zone for most fungal species. Conditions associated with increased susceptibility generally reflect major disturbances of immune function involving both the cellular and humoral innate and adaptive arms, which implies considerable redundancy in host defense mechanisms against fungi. In general, tissue fungal invasion is controlled through either neutrophil or granulomatous inflammation, depending on the fungal species. Neutrophils are critical against Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. while macrophages are essential for controlling mycoses due to Cryptococcus spp., Histoplasma spp., and other fungi. The increasing number of immunocompromised patients together with climate change could significantly increase the prevalence of fungal diseases. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 40 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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7
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Wang P, Zhang W, Feng Z, Zhang J, Sun Y, Zhang W. LDL‑induced NLRC3 inflammasome activation in cardiac fibroblasts contributes to cardiomyocytic dysfunction. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:526. [PMID: 34036387 PMCID: PMC8170230 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive myocardial disease that affects pulse rate. Notably, chronic inflammation serves a crucial role in cardiac dysfunction and HF. Appropriate cardiomyocyte‑fibroblast communication is essential for cardiac function. In addition, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are the main cellular population in the cardiac microenvironment; therefore, determining the role of CFs in HF progression and the associated molecular basis is important. In the present study, ELISAs were performed to detect inflammatory factors in the sera of patients with HF and their association with CF activation was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The mechanism underlying the proinflammatory phenotype of CFs was investigated via western blotting. Notably, the levels of IL10 and TNF‑α were significantly increased in the sera of patients with HF. Further analysis revealed that CFs were extensively activated in the cardiac tissues of patients with HF and released excessive amounts of cytokines, which could impair the viability of cardiomyocytes. Moreover, low‑density lipoprotein (LDL)‑induced NLRC3 inflammasome was activated in CFs, which gave rise to proinflammatory phenotypes. Targeting LDL in CFs significantly improved the functioning of cardiomyocytes and inhibited apoptosis. These findings highlighted the critical role of LDL in inflammasome activation; to the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to reveal that CF‑induced microenvironmental inflammation may suppress cardiomyocyte viability. The present study established the cellular basis for CF activation during HF progression and provided information on the cellular interactions important for HF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Feicheng Mining Center Hospital, Feicheng, Shandong 271600, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Feicheng Mining Center Hospital, Feicheng, Shandong 271600, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Feicheng Mining Center Hospital, Feicheng, Shandong 271600, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Feicheng Mining Center Hospital, Feicheng, Shandong 271600, P.R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Feicheng Mining Center Hospital, Feicheng, Shandong 271600, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Feicheng Mining Center Hospital, Feicheng, Shandong 271600, P.R. China
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8
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Aspergillus fumigatus Influences Gasdermin-D-Dependent Pyroptosis of the Lung via Regulating Toll-Like Receptor 2-Mediated Regulatory T Cell Differentiation. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5538612. [PMID: 34222495 PMCID: PMC8219420 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5538612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aspergillus fumigatus, as an opportunistic fungus, has developed a series of escape mechanisms under the host's immune response to obtain nutrients and promote fungal growth in the hostile environment. The immune escape of pathogens may be through suppressing the inflammatory response mediated by regulatory T cells (Tregs). The aim of this study was to explore whether A. fumigatus influences Gasdermin-D-dependent pyroptosis of the lung by regulating Toll-like receptor 2-mediated regulatory T cell differentiation. Methods Collect peripheral blood from patients with A. fumigatus. ELISA kits we used to detect the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2R, and IL-10 in the serum and flow cytometry to detect the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in the patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The mouse model of A. fumigatus infection was constructed by tracheal instillation. The pathological changes in the lungs of the mice were observed under a microscope. The fungal load in the lung tissue was determined by the plate colony count. ELISA kit was used to detect the lung tissue homogenate proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, and VEGF. Q-PCR was used for the detection of the expression of Foxp3 and TLR2 genes in the lung. Western blot was used for the detection of the expression of TLR2, Gasdermin-D (GSDMD), IL-1α, and IL-1β in the lung. Flow cytometry was used to detect splenic CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs. Using magnetic beads to extract CD4+ T cells from mice spleen, the effects of A. fumigatus conidia or TLR2 inhibitor (C29) to differentiate CD4+ T cells in vitro were tested. Results The expression of Foxp3 and TLR2 in the lung tissue of mice infected with A. fumigatus increased, and we observed that the proportion of Tregs in both A. fumigatus infection patients and mice was upregulated. After using the CD25 neutralizing antibody, the number of Tregs in the mice spleen was significantly reduced. However, lung damage was reduced and the ability to clear lung fungi was enhanced. We found that the Tregs in TLR2−/− mice were significantly reduced and the nonlethal dose of A. fumigatus conidia did not cause severe lung damage in TLR2−/− mice. Compared with that of wild-type mice, the fungal burden in the lung of TLR2-deficient mice was reduced and the knockout of TLR2 changed the expression of GSDMD, IL-1α, and IL-1β in A. fumigatus. In in vitro experiments, we found that the inhibition of TLR2 can reduce Treg differentiation. Conclusions A. fumigatus triggers CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg proliferation and differentiation by activating the TLR2 pathway, which may be a potential mechanism for evading host defenses in A. fumigatus. This effect can modulate GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis and may partly involve TRL2 signaling.
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Ye Y, Chen Y, Sun J, Zhang H, Meng Y, Li W, Wang W. Hyperglycemia suppresses the regulatory effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Pathog Dis 2021; 78:5873010. [PMID: 32678442 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most common fungal infections involved in the pulmonary diseases. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is important for antifungal immunity. Diabetes is a risk factor of pulmonary A. fumigatus infection and could affect the expression of HIF-1α. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the role of HIF-1α in pulmonary A. fumigatus infection in diabetes. In murine model, we found diabetic mice had aggravated pulmonary A. fumigatus infection and declined expression of HIF-1α following pulmonary A. fumigatus infection. And these changes could be corrected by dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), the agonist of HIF-1α. In cell experiment, after A. fumigatus stimulation, hyperglycemic state was with a decreased HIF-1α expression and increased NLRP3/IL-1β signal pathway. The percentages of Th1 and Treg cells decreased, while percentages of Th2 and Th17 increased in hyperglycemic group. DMOG suppressed A. fumigatus-stimulated NLRP3 and IL-1β expressions in hyperglycemic group and corrected Th and Treg cells differentiation. These regulatory effects of DMOG could be dampened by activating of NLRP3. These data indicated that hyperglycemia suppressed the regulatory effect of HIF-1α in pulmonary A. fumigatus infection, which can affect Th and Treg cells differentiation by regulating the NLRP3/IL-1β signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Jianjun Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Hanyin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Yanling Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
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Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteriosis and fungemia after second delivery in a patient with MonoMAC syndrome/GATA2 mutation: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:502. [PMID: 34051752 PMCID: PMC8164801 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterozygous mutations in the transcription factor GATA2 result in a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes, including monocytopenia and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection (MonoMAC) syndrome. Patients with MonoMAC syndrome typically are infected by disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteria, fungi, and human papillomavirus, exhibit pulmonary alveolar proteinosis during late adolescence or early adulthood, and manifest with decreased content of dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and B and natural killer (NK) cells. Case presentation A 39-year-old woman was diagnosed with MonoMAC syndrome postmortem. Although she was followed up based on the symptoms associated with leukocytopenia that was disguised as sarcoidosis with bone marrow involvement, she developed disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, fungemia, and MonoMAC syndrome after childbirth. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous missense mutation in GATA2 (c.1114G > A, p.A372T). Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry showed the disappearance of DCs and decreased frequency of NK cells in the bone marrow, respectively, after childbirth. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that MonoMAC syndrome can be exacerbated after childbirth, and that immunohistochemistry of bone marrow sections to detect decreased DC content is useful to suspect MonoMAC syndrome.
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Abstract
A fundamental concept in immunology is that the innate immune system initiates or instructs downstream adaptive immune responses. Inflammasomes are central players in innate immunity to pathogens, but how inflammasomes shape adaptive immunity is complex and relatively poorly understood. Here we highlight recent work on the interplay between inflammasomes and adaptive immunity. We address how inflammasome-dependent release of cytokines and antigen activates, shapes or even inhibits adaptive immune responses. We consider how distinct tissue or cellular contexts may alter the effects of inflammasome activation on adaptive immunity and how this contributes to beneficial or detrimental outcomes in infectious diseases, cancer and autoimmunity. We aspire to provide a framework for thinking about inflammasomes and their connection to the adaptive immune response.
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12
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Briard B, Malireddi RKS, Kanneganti TD. Role of inflammasomes/pyroptosis and PANoptosis during fungal infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009358. [PMID: 33735255 PMCID: PMC7971547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Briard
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - R. K. Subbarao Malireddi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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13
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Park HR, Oh JH, Lee YJ, Park SH, Lee YW, Lee S, Kang H, Kim JE. Inflammasome-mediated Inflammation by Malassezia in human keratinocytes: A comparative analysis with different strains. Mycoses 2020; 64:292-299. [PMID: 33206994 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Malassezia species are associated with several common dermatologic conditions including pityriasis versicolor, seborrhoeic dermatitis, folliculitis, and atopic dermatitis and dandruff. However, its causal role remains to be established. We intended to explore the role of inflammasome activation in human keratinocytes in response to three different Malassezia species. We compared the different activation patterns of inflammasomes and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides by three different Malassezia species-M. restricta, M. globosa and M. sympodialis-in human keratinocytes. We found that different Malassezia species, especially M. restricta and M. globosa could induce nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin-domain-containing protein (NLRP)3-apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) inflammasome activation and subsequent interleukin (IL)-1β secretion in human keratinocytes. Malassezia species variably induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin, β-defensin 2, and LL-37. IL-8 mRNA and IL-22 protein significantly increased in the M. sympodialis-treated group, and Chemokine C-C motif ligand (CCL)17 and CCL22 mRNA were increased in response to M. globosa- and M. restricta- treated keratinocytes, respectively. Our data show that various species of Malassezia promote variable inflammatory responses in keratinocytes by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ree Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hye Oh
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Hee Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Won Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongju Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hoon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Poli G, Fabi C, Bellet MM, Costantini C, Nunziangeli L, Romani L, Brancorsini S. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Inflammasome Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165758. [PMID: 32796686 PMCID: PMC7460952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system represents the host’s first-line defense against pathogens, dead cells or environmental factors. One of the most important inflammatory pathways is represented by the activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) protein family. Some NLRs induce the assembly of large caspase-1-activating complexes called inflammasomes. Different types of inflammasomes have been identified that can respond to distinct bacterial, viral or fungal infections; sterile cell damage or other stressors, such as metabolic imbalances. Epigenetic regulation has been recently suggested to provide a complementary mechanism to control inflammasome activity. This regulation can be exerted through at least three main mechanisms, including CpG DNA methylation, histones post-translational modifications and noncoding RNA expression. The repression or promotion of expression of different inflammasomes (NLRP1, NLRP2, NLRP3, NLRP4, NLRP6, NLRP7, NLRP12 and AIM2) through epigenetic mechanisms determines the development of pathologies with variable severity. For example, our team recently explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting and modulating the components of the inflammasome as potential biomarkers in bladder cancer and during therapy. This suggests that the epigenetic control of inflammasome-related genes could represent a potential target for further investigations of molecular mechanisms regulating inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Poli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0744-202-820
| | - Consuelo Fabi
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Urology and Andrology Clinic, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
| | - Marina Maria Bellet
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Luisa Nunziangeli
- Polo d’Innovazione di Genomica, Genetica e Biologia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefano Brancorsini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.B.); (C.C.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
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15
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König A, Hube B, Kasper L. The Dual Function of the Fungal Toxin Candidalysin during Candida albicans-Macrophage Interaction and Virulence. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12080469. [PMID: 32722029 PMCID: PMC7471981 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dimorphic fungus Candida albicans is both a harmless commensal organism on mucosal surfaces and an opportunistic pathogen. Under certain predisposing conditions, the fungus can overgrow the mucosal microbiome and cause both superficial and life-threatening systemic infections after gaining access to the bloodstream. As the first line of defense of the innate immune response, infecting C. albicans cells face macrophages, which mediate the clearance of invading fungi by intracellular killing. However, the fungus has evolved sophisticated strategies to counteract macrophage antimicrobial activities and thus evade immune surveillance. The cytolytic peptide toxin, candidalysin, contributes to this fungal defense machinery by damaging immune cell membranes, providing an escape route from the hostile phagosome environment. Nevertheless, candidalysin also induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to an increased host-protective pro-inflammatory response in mononuclear phagocytes. Therefore, candidalysin facilitates immune evasion by acting as a classical virulence factor but also contributes to an antifungal immune response, serving as an avirulence factor. In this review, we discuss the role of candidalysin during C. albicans infections, focusing on its implications during C. albicans-macrophage interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika König
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knoell Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knoell Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (L.K.)
| | - Lydia Kasper
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knoell Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (L.K.)
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16
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Alvarez-Rueda N, Rouges C, Touahri A, Misme-Aucouturier B, Albassier M, Pape PL. In vitro immune responses of human PBMCs against Candida albicans reveals fungal and leucocyte phenotypes associated with fungal persistence. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6211. [PMID: 32277137 PMCID: PMC7148345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is a growing understanding of immunity against Candida albicans, efforts need to be pursued in order to decipher the cellular mechanisms leading to an uncontrolled immune response that eventually oppose disease eradication. We describe here significant intra- and inter-subject variations in immune response patterns of major human leucocyte subsets following an in vitro challenge with C. albicans clinical isolates. We also observed that there are Candida isolate-dependent changes in leucocyte phenotypes. Through a combination of multiple fungal growth and flow cytometric measurements, coupled to the tSNE algorithm, we showed that significant proliferation differences exist among C. albicans isolates, leading to the calculation of a strain specific persistent index. Despite substantial inter-subject differences in T cells and stability of myeloid cells at baseline, our experimental approach highlights substantial immune cell composition changes and cytokine secretion profiles after C. albicans challenge. The significant secretion of IL-17 by CD66+ cells, IFN-γ and IL-10 by CD4+ T cells 2 days after C. albicans challenge was associated with fungal control. Fungal persistence was associated with delayed secretion of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-4, TNF-α and IL-10 by myeloid cells and IL-4 and TNF-α secretion by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Overall, this experimental and analytical approach is available for the monitoring of such fungal and human immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Alvarez-Rueda
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et médicaments des infections et du cancer, IICiMed, EA 1155, F-44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Célia Rouges
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et médicaments des infections et du cancer, IICiMed, EA 1155, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Adel Touahri
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et médicaments des infections et du cancer, IICiMed, EA 1155, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Barbara Misme-Aucouturier
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et médicaments des infections et du cancer, IICiMed, EA 1155, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Marjorie Albassier
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et médicaments des infections et du cancer, IICiMed, EA 1155, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Patrice Le Pape
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et médicaments des infections et du cancer, IICiMed, EA 1155, F-44000, Nantes, France.
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17
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Jones CN, Ellett F, Robertson AL, Forrest KM, Judice K, Balkovec JM, Springer M, Markmann JF, Vyas JM, Warren HS, Irimia D. Bifunctional Small Molecules Enhance Neutrophil Activities Against Aspergillus fumigatus in vivo and in vitro. Front Immunol 2019; 10:644. [PMID: 31024528 PMCID: PMC6465576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillosis is difficult to treat and carries a high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. Neutrophils play a critical role in control of infection but may be diminished in number and function during immunosuppressive therapies. Here, we measure the effect of three bifunctional small molecules that target Aspergillus fumigatus and prime neutrophils to generate a more effective response against the pathogen. The molecules combine two moieties joined by a chemical linker: a targeting moiety (TM) that binds to the surface of the microbial target, and an effector moiety (EM) that interacts with chemoattractant receptors on human neutrophils. We report that the bifunctional compounds enhance the interactions between primary human neutrophils and A. fumigatus in vitro, using three microfluidic assay platforms. The bifunctional compounds significantly enhance the recruitment of neutrophils, increase hyphae killing by neutrophils in a uniform concentration of drug, and decrease hyphal tip growth velocity in the presence of neutrophils compared to the antifungal targeting moiety alone. We validated that the bifunctional compounds are also effective in vivo, using a zebrafish infection model with neutrophils expressing the appropriate EM receptor. We measured significantly increased phagocytosis of A. fumigatus conidia by neutrophils expressing the EM receptor in the presence of the compounds compared to receptor-negative cells. Finally, we demonstrate that treatment with our lead compound significantly improved the antifungal activity of neutrophils from immunosuppressed patients ex vivo. This type of bifunctional compounds strategy may be utilized to redirect the immune system to destroy fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N Jones
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Felix Ellett
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anne L Robertson
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Kevin Judice
- Cidara Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | | | - James F Markmann
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Transplantation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jatin M Vyas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - H Shaw Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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19
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High-Throughput Screening Identifies Genes Required for Candida albicans Induction of Macrophage Pyroptosis. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01581-18. [PMID: 30131363 PMCID: PMC6106084 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01581-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against invasive fungal infections. As a consequence, many successful fungal pathogens have evolved elegant strategies to interact with host immune cells. For example, Candida albicans undergoes a morphogenetic switch coupled to cell wall remodeling upon phagocytosis by macrophages and then induces macrophage pyroptosis, an inflammatory cell death program. To elucidate the genetic circuitry through which C. albicans orchestrates this host response, we performed the first large-scale analysis of C. albicans interactions with mammalian immune cells. We identified 98 C. albicans genes that enable macrophage pyroptosis without influencing fungal cell morphology in the macrophage, including specific determinants of cell wall biogenesis and the Hog1 signaling cascade. Using these mutated genes, we discovered that defects in the activation of pyroptosis affect immune cell recruitment during infection. Examining host circuitry required for pyroptosis in response to C. albicans infection, we discovered that inflammasome priming and activation can be decoupled. Finally, we observed that apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) oligomerization can occur prior to phagolysosomal rupture by C. albicans hyphae, demonstrating that phagolysosomal rupture is not the inflammasome activating signal. Taking the data together, this work defines genes that enable fungal cell wall remodeling and activation of macrophage pyroptosis independently of effects on morphogenesis and identifies macrophage signaling components that are required for pyroptosis in response to C. albicans infection. Candida albicans is a natural member of the human mucosal microbiota that can also cause superficial infections and life-threatening systemic infections, both of which are characterized by inflammation. Host defense relies mainly on the ingestion and destruction of C. albicans by innate immune cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils. Although some C. albicans cells are killed by macrophages, most undergo a morphological change and escape by inducing macrophage pyroptosis. Here, we investigated the C. albicans genes and host factors that promote macrophage pyroptosis in response to intracellular fungi. This work provides a foundation for understanding how host immune cells interact with C. albicans and may lead to effective strategies to modulate inflammation induced by fungal infections.
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20
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Miró MS, Rodríguez E, Vigezzi C, Icely PA, García LN, Peinetti N, Maldonado CA, Riera FO, Caeiro JP, Sotomayor CE. Contribution of TLR2 pathway in the pathogenesis of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Pathog Dis 2018; 75:4098498. [PMID: 28911197 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the prevalent etiological agent in acute vulvovaginal infection and the most severe chronic condition known as recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). A critical role of local innate immunity in defense and pathogenesis of vaginal infection by Candida is proposed. The fungal recognition by the innate immune receptor is an essential step for the induction of local responses including cytokines and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) production for host protection. Using TLR2-deficient mice, we characterized the early innate immune response during VVC. Intravaginal challenge of TLR2-/- mice with C. albicans demonstrated that in response to the initial massive penetration, a strong local inflammatory reaction with recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils was developed. Both interleukin 1β (IL1β)-regarded as the hallmark of VVC immunopathogenesis-and IL6 were increased in vaginal lavage. Murine beta defensin 1 (mBD1), a constitutive AMP with fungicidal and chemotactic activity, was significantly upregulated in wild type (WT) animals in response to infection. Interestingly, in the absence of TLR2 recognition, levels of mBD1 RNA more than twice higher than those in WT infected animals were observed. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that TLR2 signaling is important to control the fungal burden in the vaginal tract. These finding provide new evidence about the role of this innate receptor during VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Miró
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity to Fungal Pathogens, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, CIBICI-CONICET, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Emilse Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity to Fungal Pathogens, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, CIBICI-CONICET, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Vigezzi
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity to Fungal Pathogens, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, CIBICI-CONICET, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Alejandra Icely
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity to Fungal Pathogens, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, CIBICI-CONICET, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luciana N García
- Institute of Health Sciences Research, INICSA-CONICET and Electronic Microscopy Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Cordoba, Enrique Barros esq. Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nahuel Peinetti
- Institute of Health Sciences Research, INICSA-CONICET and Electronic Microscopy Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Cordoba, Enrique Barros esq. Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina A Maldonado
- Institute of Health Sciences Research, INICSA-CONICET and Electronic Microscopy Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Cordoba, Enrique Barros esq. Enfermera Gordillo, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando Oscar Riera
- Infectology Department, Allende Sanatorium, Pedro Simon Laplace 5749, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Caeiro
- Infectology Department, Privado Hospital, Av. Naciones Unidas 346, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Elena Sotomayor
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity to Fungal Pathogens, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Center for Research in Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, CIBICI-CONICET, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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21
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Chen Y, Liu Z, Pan T, Chen E, Mao E, Chen Y, Tan R, Wang X, Tian R, Liu J, Qu H. JMJD3 is involved in neutrophil membrane proteinase 3 overexpression during the hyperinflammatory response in early sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:40-46. [PMID: 29621735 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in early sepsis causes high early mortality rates. Membrane proteinase 3 (mPR3) expression on neutrophils plays a critical role in pro-inflammatory cytokine production. However, the mechanism underlying mPR3 overexpression in early sepsis is unknown. Here, we explored mPR3 expression in early sepsis and its regulatory mechanism. Thirty-two patients with sepsis and 20 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. On day 1 after the onset of sepsis, mPR3 and jumonji domain-containing protein D3 (JMJD3) expression levels were measured in peripheral blood neutrophils. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was employed to induce JMJD3 expression in vitro, and GSK-J4 was used to inhibit JMJD3. Neutrophils were divided into four groups, control, LPS, LPS + GSK-J4, and GSK-J4, and cultured with THP-1 cells respectively. Plasma and culture supernatant cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Neutrophil mPR3 levels were significantly higher in patients with early sepsis than in healthy controls. Plasma cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) levels were increased in patients with sepsis exhibiting high mPR3 expression. Additionally, JMJD3 expression levels in neutrophils were increased in early sepsis. In vitro, both mPR3 on neutrophils and IL-1β in culture supernatants increased in response to LPS stimulation. Neutrophil mPR3 expression and IL-1β levels were significantly reduced by GSK-J4 in cells treated with LPS. IL-1β level was significantly higher in LPS-stimulated co-culture supernatants than in the corresponding individual cultured cells. Thus, our results suggest that JMJD3 contributes to the high expression of neutrophil mPR3, which promotes the production of proinflammatory IL-1β in early sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Erzhen Chen
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Enqiang Mao
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ruoming Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Hongping Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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22
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Inflammation as a Possible Link Between Dyslipidemia and Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuroscience 2018; 376:127-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Preite NW, Feriotti C, Souza de Lima D, da Silva BB, Condino-Neto A, Pontillo A, Calich VLG, Loures FV. The Syk-Coupled C-Type Lectin Receptors Dectin-2 and Dectin-3 Are Involved in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Recognition by Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:464. [PMID: 29616019 PMCID: PMC5869931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which have been extensively studied in the context of the immune response to viruses, have recently been implicated in host defense mechanisms against fungal infections. Nevertheless, the involvement of human pDCs during paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a fungal infection endemic to Latin America, has been scarcely studied. However, pDCs were found in the cutaneous lesions of PCM patients, and in pulmonary model of murine PCM these cells were shown to control disease severity. These findings led us to investigate the role of human pDCs in the innate phase of PCM. Moreover, considering our previous data on the engagement of diverse Toll-like receptors and C-type lectin receptors receptors in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis recognition, we decided to characterize the innate immune receptors involved in the interaction between human pDCs and yeast cells. Purified pDCs were obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and they were stimulated with P. brasiliensis with or without blocking antibodies to innate immune receptors. Here we demonstrated that P. brasiliensis stimulation activates human pDCs that inhibit fungal growth and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs. Surprisingly, P. brasiliensis-stimulated pDCs produce mature IL-1β and activate caspase 1, possibly via inflammasome activation, which is a phenomenon not yet described during pDC engagement by microorganisms. Importantly, we also demonstrate that dectin-2 and dectin-3 are expressed on pDCs and appear to be involved (via Syk signaling) in the pDC-P. brasiliensis interaction. Moreover, P. brasiliensis-stimulated pDCs exhibited an efficient antigen presentation and were able to effectively activate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated for the first time that human pDCs are involved in P. brasiliensis recognition and may play an important role in the innate and adaptive immunity against this fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nycolas Willian Preite
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Feriotti
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dhêmerson Souza de Lima
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Borges da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Condino-Neto
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Pontillo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Garcia Calich
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Vieira Loures
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Over the last decade, invasive fungal infections have emerged as a growing threat to human health worldwide and novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. In this context, investigations into host-pathogen interactions represent an important and promising field of research. Antigen presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells are strategically located at the frontline of defence against potential invaders. Importantly, these cells express germline encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which sense conserved entities from pathogens and orchestrate innate immune responses. Herein, we review the latest findings regarding the biology and functions of the different classes of PRRs involved in pathogenic fungal recognition. We also discuss recent literature on PRR collaboration/crosstalk and the mechanisms involved in inhibiting/regulating PRR signalling. Finally, we discuss how the accumulated knowledge on PRR biology, especially Dectin-1, has been used for the design of new immunotherapies against fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel C Patin
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Aiysha Thompson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Selinda J Orr
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom.
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25
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Campos CF, van de Veerdonk FL, Gonçalves SM, Cunha C, Netea MG, Carvalho A. Host Genetic Signatures of Susceptibility to Fungal Disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018; 422:237-263. [PMID: 30043341 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our relative inability to predict the development of fungal disease and its clinical outcome raises fundamental questions about its actual pathogenesis. Several clinical risk factors are described to predispose to fungal disease, particularly in immunocompromised and severely ill patients. However, these alone do not entirely explain why, under comparable clinical conditions, only some patients develop infection. Recent clinical and epidemiological studies have reported an expanding number of monogenic defects and common polymorphisms associated with fungal disease. By directly implicating genetic variation in the functional regulation of immune mediators and interacting pathways, these studies have provided critical insights into the human immunobiology of fungal disease. Most of the common genetic defects reported were described or suggested to impair fungal recognition by the innate immune system. Here, we review common genetic variation in pattern recognition receptors and its impact on the immune response against the two major fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. In addition, we discuss potential strategies and opportunities for the clinical translation of genetic information in the field of medical mycology. These approaches are expected to transfigure current clinical practice by unleashing an unprecedented ability to personalize prophylaxis, therapy and monitoring for fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia F Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel M Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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26
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de Castro RJA, Siqueira IM, Jerônimo MS, Basso AMM, Veloso Junior PHDH, Magalhães KG, Leonhardt LC, de Oliveira SAM, Bürgel PH, Tavares AH, Bocca AL. The Major Chromoblastomycosis Etiologic Agent Fonsecaea pedrosoi Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1572. [PMID: 29209318 PMCID: PMC5702042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fonsecaea pedrosoi is the main etiologic agent of chromoblastomycosis (CBM), one of the most prevalent subcutaneous mycosis in tropical and subtropical countries. CBM is a poorly characterized chronic infection that commonly starts after transcutaneous inoculation of conidia and saprophytic hyphae of F. pedrosoi. Recently, we have shown that unlike conidia, hyphae and muriform cells (the parasitic morphotype) of F. pedrosoi promotes an intense inflammatory response pattern in vivo, which comprises the production of an inflammasome-derived cytokine, IL-1β. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying IL-1β production and maturation upon F. pedrosoi infection and its functional output in the course of CBM remains unknown. We show here that F. pedrosoi hyphae, differently from conidia, induce IL-1β secretion in both bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages. Using inhibitors and knockout cells, we demonstrated that the mechanisms underlying IL-1β production by hyphae-infected macrophages were dependent on dectin-1, -2, and -3 receptors and the Syk-NF-kB signaling pathway. Furthermore, F. pedrosoi promoted a NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation, which required potassium efflux, reactive oxygen species production, phagolysosomal acidification, and cathepsin B release as triggers. IL-1β processing and release was mediated primarily by caspase-1 and, to a lesser extent, by caspase-8-dependent cleavage. Finally, we showed using a murine CBM model that F. pedrosoi elicits a NLRP3-regulated IL-1β and interleukin-18 release in vivo, but without NLRP3 inflammasome activation interfering in the course of the experimental infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Júnio Araújo de Castro
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Isaque Medeiros Siqueira
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Márcio Sousa Jerônimo
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Angelina Maria Moreschi Basso
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luiza Chaves Leonhardt
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Stephan Alberto Machado de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Bürgel
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Aldo Henrique Tavares
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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27
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Pyrpasopoulou A, Iosifidis E, Roilides E. Current and potential treatment options for invasiveCandidainfections. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1379392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Pyrpasopoulou
- Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Paediatrics, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
- 2nd Department of Propedeutic Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Iosifidis
- Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Paediatrics, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Roilides
- Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Paediatrics, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
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28
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Vincent M, Percier P, De Prins S, Huygen K, Potemberg G, Muraille E, Romano M, Michel O, Denis O. Investigation of inflammatory and allergic responses to common mold species: Results from in vitro experiments, from a mouse model of asthma, and from a group of asthmatic patients. INDOOR AIR 2017; 27:933-945. [PMID: 28370571 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on molds focus on Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus fumigatus. Here, we report on inflammatory and allergenic properties of more typical indoor species Aspergillus versicolor, P. chrysogenum, C. cladosporioïdes, and C. sphaerospermum that were compared to A. alternata and A. fumigatus. In a mouse model, after intranasal instillation, A. alternaria, A. versicolor, and C. sphaerospermum induced the early recruitment of neutrophils and the strong expression of inflammatory markers in the bronchoalveolar lavages fluids. A. fumigatus also induced the early accumulation of neutrophils but with lower levels of inflammatory markers. Chronic treatment induced variable response according to species: P. chrysogenum and A. fumigatus appeared strong pro-allergenic inducers compared to A. alternata and C. sphaerospermum while A. versicolor and C. cladosporioides induced a mixed pro-allergenic/pro-inflammatory response. In mold-sensitized asthmatics, mold-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) were detected with an in-house dot-blot assay. A. fumigatus and A. alternata were the most frequent sensitizers. Altogether, P. chrysogenum, P. brevicompactum, C. sphaerospermum, and C. cladosporïoides were the "major sensitizer" (defined as the strongest response against a single mold species) for almost 30% of the asthmatics. These results show that, not only A. alternata and A. fumigatus, but also indoor species have strong inflammatory and allergic properties and a harmful potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vincent
- Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - P Percier
- Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - S De Prins
- Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - K Huygen
- Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - G Potemberg
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - E Muraille
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - M Romano
- Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - O Michel
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergology, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - O Denis
- Scientific Service Immunology, WIV-ISP, Bruxelles, Belgium
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29
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Gazendam RP, van de Geer A, Roos D, van den Berg TK, Kuijpers TW. How neutrophils kill fungi. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:299-311. [PMID: 27558342 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in the prevention of invasive fungal infections. Whereas mouse studies have demonstrated the role of various neutrophil pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), signal transduction pathways, and cytotoxicity in the murine antifungal immune response, much less is known about the killing of fungi by human neutrophils. Recently, novel primary immunodeficiencies have been identified in patients with a susceptibility to fungal infections. These human 'knock-out' neutrophils expand our knowledge to understand the role of PRRs and signaling in human fungal killing. From the studies with these patients it is becoming clear that neutrophils employ fundamentally distinct mechanisms to kill Candida albicans or Aspergillus fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel P Gazendam
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie van de Geer
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Roos
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Abstract
Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that comprise part of the
innate immune response. Since their definition, inflammasome disorders have been
linked to an increasing number of diseases. Autoinflammatory diseases refer to
disorders in which local factors lead to the activation of innate immune cells,
causing tissue damage when in the absence of autoantigens and autoantibodies.
Skin symptoms include the main features of monogenic inflammasomopathies, such
as Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS), Familial Mediterranean Fever
(FMF), Schnitzler Syndrome, Hyper-IgD Syndrome (HIDS), PAPA Syndrome, and
Deficiency of IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA). Concepts from other pathologies
have also been reviewed in recent years, such as psoriasis, after the
recognition of a combined contribution of innate and adaptive immunity in its
pathogenesis. Inflammasomes are also involved in the response to various
infections, malignancies, such as melanoma, autoimmune diseases, including
vitiligo and lupus erythematosus, atopic and contact dermatitis, acne,
hidradenitis suppurativa, among others. Inhibition of the inflammasome pathway
may be a target for future therapies, as already occurs in the handling of CAPS,
through the introduction of IL-1 inhibitors. This study presents a literature
review focusing on the participation of inflammasomes in skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cyro Festa
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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31
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[Vulvovaginal candidiasis: An old disease with new challenges]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2017; 34:65-71. [PMID: 28431891 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is an old disease that, even in a modern world, continues to have a high incidence. Despite the therapeutic advances, treatments are not always effective, and our understanding of the pathogenesis of this fungal infection is still incomplete. A discussion is presented in this article on the most significant developments related to the fungal virulence factors, the role of the immunological mechanisms involved in the vaginal protection, and the genetic alterations that confer susceptibility to the recurrent form of this mycosis. Current treatments, the use of new agents with antifungal activity, as well as the development of strategies, such as vaccination, are approached in the context of the complex scenario that governs the interactions between Candida and its host.
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32
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Differential roles of caspase-1 and caspase-11 in infection and inflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45126. [PMID: 28345580 PMCID: PMC5366862 DOI: 10.1038/srep45126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-1, also known as interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-converting enzyme (ICE), regulates antimicrobial host defense, tissue repair, tumorigenesis, metabolism and membrane biogenesis. On activation within an inflammasome complex, caspase-1 induces pyroptosis and converts pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their biologically active forms. “ICE−/−” or “Casp1−/−” mice generated using 129 embryonic stem cells carry a 129-associated inactivating passenger mutation on the caspase-11 locus, essentially making them deficient in both caspase-1 and caspase-11. The overlapping and unique functions of caspase-1 and caspase-11 are difficult to unravel without additional genetic tools. Here, we generated caspase-1–deficient mouse (Casp1Null) on the C57BL/6 J background that expressed caspase-11. Casp1Null cells did not release IL-1β and IL-18 in response to NLRC4 activators Salmonella Typhimurium and flagellin, canonical or non-canonical NLRP3 activators LPS and ATP, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium and transfection of LPS, AIM2 activators Francisella novicida, mouse cytomegalovirus and DNA, and the infectious agents Listeria monocytogenes and Aspergillus fumigatus. We further demonstrated that caspase-1 and caspase-11 differentially contributed to the host defense against A. fumigatus infection and to endotoxemia.
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33
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Tóth A, Zajta E, Csonka K, Vágvölgyi C, Netea MG, Gácser A. Specific pathways mediating inflammasome activation by Candida parapsilosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43129. [PMID: 28225025 PMCID: PMC5320503 DOI: 10.1038/srep43129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis are human pathogens causing severe infections. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in host defence against C. albicans, but it has been previously unknown whether C. parapsilosis activates this complex. Here we show that C. parapsilosis induces caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion in THP-1, as well as primary, human macrophages. IL-1β secretion was dependent on NLRP3, K+-efflux, TLR4, IRAK, Syk, caspase-1, caspase-8 and NADPH-oxidase. Importantly, while C. albicans induced robust IL-1β release after 4 h, C. parapsilosis was not able to stimulate the production of IL-1β after this short incubation period. We also found that C. parapsilosis was phagocytosed to a lesser extent, and induced significantly lower ROS production and lysosomal cathepsin B release compared to C. albicans, suggesting that the low extent of inflammasome activation by C. parapsilosis may result from a delay in the so-called "signal 2". In conclusion, this is the first study to examine the molecular pathways responsible for the IL-1β production in response to a non-albicans Candida species, and these results enhance our understanding about the immune response against C. parapsilosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adél Tóth
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erik Zajta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Csonka
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Attila Gácser
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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34
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Buzzo CDL, Medina T, Branco LM, Lage SL, Ferreira LCDS, Amarante-Mendes GP, Hottiger MO, De Carvalho DD, Bortoluci KR. Epigenetic regulation of nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible (Nos2) by NLRC4 inflammasomes involves PARP1 cleavage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41686. [PMID: 28150715 PMCID: PMC5288713 DOI: 10.1038/srep41686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible (Nos2) expression is necessary for the microbicidal activity of macrophages. However, NOS2 over-activation causes multiple inflammatory disorders, suggesting a tight gene regulation is necessary. Using cytosolic flagellin as a model for inflammasome-dependent NOS2 activation, we discovered a surprising new role for NLRC4/caspase-1 axis in regulating chromatin accessibility of the Nos2 promoter. We found that activation of two independent mechanisms is necessary for NOS2 expression by cytosolic flagellin: caspase-1 and NF-κB activation. NF-κB activation was necessary, but not sufficient, for NOS2 expression. Conversely, caspase-1 was necessary for NOS2 expression, but dispensable for NF-κB activation, indicating that this protease acts downstream NF-κB activation. We demonstrated that epigenetic regulation of Nos2 by caspase-1 involves cleavage of the chromatin regulator PARP1 (also known as ARTD1) and chromatin accessibility of the NF-κB binding sites located at the Nos2 promoter. Remarkably, caspase-1-mediated Nos2 transcription and NO production contribute to the resistance of macrophages to Salmonella typhimurium infection. Our results uncover the molecular mechanism behind the constricted regulation of Nos2 expression and open new therapeutic opportunities based on epigenetic activities of caspase-1 against infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina de Lima Buzzo
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular (CTC-Mol) e Departamento de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Medina
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Laura M Branco
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular (CTC-Mol) e Departamento de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo and Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT-iii), Brazil
| | - Silvia L Lage
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular (CTC-Mol) e Departamento de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo and Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT-iii), Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo P Amarante-Mendes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo and Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT-iii), Brazil
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Karina R Bortoluci
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular (CTC-Mol) e Departamento de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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35
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Heinen MP, Cambier L, Fievez L, Mignon B. Are Th17 Cells Playing a Role in Immunity to Dermatophytosis? Mycopathologia 2016; 182:251-261. [PMID: 27878642 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite their superficial localization in the skin, pathogenic dermatophytes can induce a complex but still misunderstood immune response in their hosts. The cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is correlated with both clinical recovery and protection against reinfection, and CD4+ T lymphocytes have been recognized as a crucial component of the immune defense against dermatophytes. Before the discovery of the Th17 pathway, CMI was considered to be only dependent of Th1 cells, and thus most studies on the immunology of dermatophytosis have focused on the Th1 pathway. Nevertheless, the fine comparative analysis of available scientific data on immunology of dermatophytosis in one hand and on the Th17 pathway mechanisms involved in opportunistic mucosal fungal infections in the other hand reveals that some key elements of the Th17 pathway can be activated by dermatophytes. Stimulation of the Th17 pathway could occur through the activation of some C-type lectin-like receptors and inflammasome in antigen-presenting cells. The Th17 cells could go back to the affected skin and by the production of signature cytokines could induce the effector mechanisms like the recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides. In conclusion, besides the Th1 pathway, which is important to the immune response against dermatophytes, there are also growing evidences for the involvement of the Th17 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Heinen
- Veterinary Mycology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-43a, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ludivine Cambier
- Veterinary Mycology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-43a, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Fievez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA Research, Quartier Hôpital, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, B-34, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Mignon
- Veterinary Mycology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 6, B-43a, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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36
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Höfs S, Mogavero S, Hube B. Interaction of Candida albicans with host cells: virulence factors, host defense, escape strategies, and the microbiota. J Microbiol 2016; 54:149-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-5514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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37
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38
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Simic M, Paunovic N, Boric I, Randjelovic J, Vojnovic S, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Pekmezovic M, Savic V. Functionalised isocoumarins as antifungal compounds: Synthesis and biological studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:235-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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39
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Converging roles of caspases in inflammasome activation, cell death and innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 16:7-21. [PMID: 26655628 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory and apoptotic caspases are central players in inflammation and apoptosis, respectively. However, recent studies have revealed that these caspases have functions beyond their established roles. In addition to mediating cleavage of the inflammasome-associated cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, inflammatory caspases modulate distinct forms of programmed cell death and coordinate cell-autonomous immunity and other fundamental cellular processes. Certain apoptotic caspases assemble structurally diverse and dynamic complexes that direct inflammasome and interferon responses to fine-tune inflammation. In this Review, we discuss the expanding and interconnected roles of caspases that highlight new aspects of this family of cysteine proteases in innate immunity.
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40
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Vincent WJB, Freisinger CM, Lam PY, Huttenlocher A, Sauer JD. Macrophages mediate flagellin induced inflammasome activation and host defense in zebrafish. Cell Microbiol 2015; 18:591-604. [PMID: 26468080 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasome is an innate immune complex whose rapid inflammatory outputs play a critical role in controlling infection; however, the host cells that mediate inflammasome responses in vivo are not well defined. Using zebrafish larvae, we examined the cellular immune responses to inflammasome activation during infection. We compared the host responses with two Listeria monocytogenes strains: wild type and Lm-pyro, a strain engineered to activate the inflammasome via ectopic expression of flagellin. Infection with Lm-pyro led to activation of the inflammasome, macrophage pyroptosis and ultimately attenuation of virulence. Depletion of caspase A, the zebrafish caspase-1 homolog, restored Lm-pyro virulence. Inflammasome activation specifically recruited macrophages to infection sites, whereas neutrophils were equally recruited to wild type and Lm-pyro infections. Similar to caspase A depletion, macrophage deficiency rescued Lm-pyro virulence to wild-type levels, while defective neutrophils had no specific effect. Neutrophils were, however, important for general clearance of L. monocytogenes, as both wild type and Lm-pyro were more virulent in larvae with defective neutrophils. This study characterizes a novel model for inflammasome studies in an intact host, establishes the importance of macrophages during inflammasome responses and adds importance to the role of neutrophils in controlling L. monocytogenes infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J B Vincent
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Christina M Freisinger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Pui-Ying Lam
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - John-Demian Sauer
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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Dühring S, Germerodt S, Skerka C, Zipfel PF, Dandekar T, Schuster S. Host-pathogen interactions between the human innate immune system and Candida albicans-understanding and modeling defense and evasion strategies. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:625. [PMID: 26175718 PMCID: PMC4485224 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diploid, polymorphic yeast Candida albicans is one of the most important human pathogenic fungi. C. albicans can grow, proliferate and coexist as a commensal on or within the human host for a long time. However, alterations in the host environment can render C. albicans virulent. In this review, we describe the immunological cross-talk between C. albicans and the human innate immune system. We give an overview in form of pairs of human defense strategies including immunological mechanisms as well as general stressors such as nutrient limitation, pH, fever etc. and the corresponding fungal response and evasion mechanisms. Furthermore, Computational Systems Biology approaches to model and investigate these complex interactions are highlighted with a special focus on game-theoretical methods and agent-based models. An outlook on interesting questions to be tackled by Systems Biology regarding entangled defense and evasion mechanisms is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Dühring
- Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Germerodt
- Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Christine Skerka
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll InstituteJena, Germany
| | - Peter F. Zipfel
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll InstituteJena, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biozentrum, Universitaet WuerzburgWuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schuster
- Department of Bioinformatics, Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaJena, Germany
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